TY - JOUR AU - Larson, Donald AU - Martin, Will AU - Sahin, Sebnem AU - Tsigas, Marinos T1 - Agricultural Policies and Trade Paths in Turkey. JO - World Economy JF - World Economy Y1 - 2016/08// VL - 39 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1194 EP - 1224 SN - 03785920 AB - In 1959, shortly after the European Economic Community was founded under the 1957 Treaty of Rome, Turkey applied for Associate Membership of the then six-member common market. By 1963, a path for integrating the economies of Turkey and the eventual European Union had been mapped. As with many trade agreements, agriculture posed difficult political hurdles, which were never fully cleared, even as trade barriers to other sectors were eventually removed and a Customs Union formed. In this paper, we trace the influences the Turkey- EU economic institutions have had on agricultural policies and the agricultural sector. Using an applied general equilibrium framework we provide estimates of what including agriculture under the Customs Union would mean for the sector and the economy. We also discuss the implications of fully aligning Turkey's agricultural policies with the EU's Common Agricultural Policy, as would be required under full membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of World Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AGRICULTURE & state KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - TRADE regulation KW - AGRICULTURE -- Turkey KW - EUROPEAN Economic Community N1 - Accession Number: 117191172; Larson, Donald 1; Martin, Will 1; Sahin, Sebnem 2; Tsigas, Marinos 3; Affiliations: 1: Development Research Group, World Bank; 2: Environment and Natural Resources Practice, World Bank; 3: US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Aug2016, Vol. 39 Issue 8, p1194; Thesaurus Term: AGRICULTURE & state; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: TRADE regulation; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE -- Turkey ; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Economic Community; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926140 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/twec.12294 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=117191172&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David AU - Swanson, William T1 - A Survey of Empirical Models of Labor Transitions Following Trade Liberalization. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2016/06// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 12 SN - 21526877 AB - In this article, we survey prominent recent empirical studies that explain why labor markets adjust slowly after a country reduces its barriers to trade. The models that we cover are technically complex: they simulate the economy-wide transitions that result from the employment decisions of individual workers who face costs of moving between sectors, loss of the usefulness of their sector-specific experience, and many types of uncertainty. The adjustment costs in the models vary across types of workers, and the speed of adjustment varies across the countries studied and the modeling assumptions adopted. We present these technical models in a relatively nontechnical way. We summarize the similarities and differences in the assumptions and findings of the different economic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LABOR market KW - EMPLOYMENT (Economic theory) KW - FREE trade KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - TRADE regulation N1 - Accession Number: 117091768; Riker, David 1; Email Address: david.riker@usitc.gov; Swanson, William; Affiliations: 1: Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436.; Issue Info: Jun2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: LABOR market; Thesaurus Term: EMPLOYMENT (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: FREE trade; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: TRADE regulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=117091768&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David AU - Swanson, William AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - A Survey of Empirical Models of Labor Transitions Following Trade Liberalization JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2016/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1619045; Keywords: Liberalization; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201702 N2 - In this article, we survey prominent recent empirical studies that explain why labor markets adjust slowly after a country reduces its barriers to trade. The models that we cover are technically complex: they simulate the economy-wide transitions that result from the employment decisions of individual workers who face costs of moving between sectors, loss of the usefulness of their sector-specific experience, and many types of uncertainty. The adjustment costs in the models vary across types of workers, and the speed of adjustment varies across the countries studied and the modeling assumptions adopted. We present these technical models in a relatively nontechnical way. We summarize the similarities and differences in the assumptions and findings of the different economic studies. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Trade and Labor Market Interactions F16 KW - Time Allocation and Labor Supply J22 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1619045&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Linton, Katherine AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Importance of Trade Secrets: New Directions in International Trade Policy Making and Empirical Research JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2016/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1619044; Keywords: Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201702 N2 - This article discusses the importance of trade secrets to small and large firms in many industry sectors. It also highlights their centrality in domestic and international policymaking. Given the practical and policy importance of trade secrets, the article describes gaps in the literature on the effects of trade secret protection on innovation, trade, and investment that warrant research attention. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Property Law K11 KW - International Law K33 KW - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O34 KW - Technological Change: Government Policy O38 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1619044&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kim, Dan AU - Linton, Katherine AU - Semanik, Mitchell AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - U.S. International Trade Commission's Trade Secrets Roundtable: Discussion Summary JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2016/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1619043; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201702 N2 - On June 1, 2016, the U.S. International Trade Commission (Commission or USITC) moderated a roundtable discussion on the importance of trade secret protection and enforcement, and the challenges of trade secret misappropriation, particularly overseas. Participants, including representatives from government, industry, trade associations, think tanks, and academia, shared their viewpoints and knowledge about the subject. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Property Law K11 KW - International Law K33 KW - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O34 KW - Technological Change: Government Policy O38 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1619043&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Internet and Product-Level Entry into the U.S. Market JO - Journal of International and Global Economic Studies JF - Journal of International and Global Economic Studies Y1 - 2015/12// VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 22 EP - 39 SN - 1940655X N1 - Accession Number: 1583896; Keywords: Exports; Import; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201608 N2 - We estimate an econometric model of product-level entry of middle income countries into the U.S. market. The model uses data on U.S. imports of 1,159 technologically advanced manufactured goods from 87 middle income countries between 2001 and 2013. The econometric estimates indicate that Internet use in the middle income countries has a significant positive effect on the probability of product-level entry into the export market, as do real exchange rate depreciations and growth in real expenditures and output. According to the model, the probability of product-level entry increases by 1.18 percentage points for every 10 additional Internet users per 100 people in the countries that have highly efficient export logistics. We use this econometric model to simulate the increase in each country's product-level entry if the country's number of Internet users increased to 75 users per 100 people (a value above all of the middle income countries but below most high income countries in 2013). The simulated increases in the probabilities range from 0.28 percentage points for Hungary to 7.07 percentage points for India, with an average across all of the middle income countries of 3.12 percentage points. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks L14 KW - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L60 L3 - http://www2.southeastern.edu/orgs/econjournal/index_files/Page410.htm UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1583896&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www2.southeastern.edu/orgs/econjournal/index_files/Page410.htm DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David T1 - Export-Intensive Industries Pay More on Average: An Update. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2015/11// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 SN - 21526877 AB - This article analyzes the weekly earnings in U.S. manufacturing and services industries, based on data for approximately 164,000 workers in 2014. It estimates the earnings premium in export-intensive industries, based on an econometric analysis that combines worker-level data on earnings, education, occupation, and other demographic characteristics from the Current Population Survey with industry-level data on exports and total shipments of manufactures and services. The estimates indicate that export-intensive industries pay more on average and that the export earnings premium is larger for blue collar workers in production and support occupations (they earn a 19.0% premium in export-intensive manufacturing industries and a 17.6% premium in export-intensive services industries) than for white collar workers in management and professional occupations (they earn a 9.9% premium in export-intensive manufacturing industries and a 12.0% premium in export-intensive services industries). Overall, the export earnings premium in 2014 is 16.3% on average in the manufacturing industries and 15.5% on average in the services industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MANUFACTURING industries KW - FINANCE KW - CORPORATE profits KW - DEMOGRAPHIC surveys KW - EXPORTS KW - DATA analysis N1 - Accession Number: 111457953; Riker, David 1; Email Address: david.riker@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436; Issue Info: Nov2015, p1; Thesaurus Term: MANUFACTURING industries; Thesaurus Term: FINANCE; Thesaurus Term: CORPORATE profits; Thesaurus Term: DEMOGRAPHIC surveys; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTS; Thesaurus Term: DATA analysis; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=111457953&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - CONF AU - Horowitz, Jeff T1 - U.S. International Trade Commission's Digital Trade Roundtable: Discussion Summary. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2015/10// M3 - Proceeding SP - 1 EP - 12 SN - 21526877 AB - On January 29, 2015, the U.S. International Trade Commission (Commission or USITC) hosted its first roundtable related to digital trade. Representatives from universities, various industries, government agencies, think tanks, and several international institutions shared their views on a number of digital trade issues, including the barriers to and benefits of digital trade. They also discussed recent contributions to digital trade research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNET marketing KW - BUSINESS models KW - BUSINESS enterprises -- Reporting to government KW - EMERGING markets KW - CONGRESSES KW - UNITED States International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 110797517; Horowitz, Jeff 1; Email Address: Jeff.Horowitz@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436; Issue Info: Oct2015, p1; Thesaurus Term: INTERNET marketing; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS models; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS enterprises -- Reporting to government; Thesaurus Term: EMERGING markets; Subject Term: CONGRESSES ; Company/Entity: UNITED States International Trade Commission; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Proceeding UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=110797517&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Powell, Jennifer Baumert T1 - Green Building Services. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2015/10// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 20 SN - 21526877 AB - Green building services include construction, architecture, engineering, and related activities aimed at creating sustainable structures using environmentally responsible processes and materials. While the concept of building a structure to complement its surrounding environment is not new, there has been a sharp increase in the demand for green buildings and green retrofits in recent years. This trend can be linked to several factors, including a growing interest in cutting the costs associated with operating a structure, government regulations and incentives, and environmental concerns, among others. Available evidence suggests that U.S. exports and overseas sales of green building services are currently small. However, U.S. firms are internationally competitive, and growth in world markets offers substantial opportunities to green building firms that aim to provide their services abroad.This paper provides an overview of the U.S. and global markets for green building services; discusses factors that affect supply and demand for sustainable structures; examines trade in green building services as a component of overall trade in construction, architectural, and engineering services; and considers the outlook for the green building industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DEMAND (Economic theory) KW - RETROFITTING KW - CONSTRUCTION equipment -- Export & import trade KW - CONSTRUCTION industry KW - INTERNATIONAL markets KW - SUSTAINABLE buildings -- Design & construction KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 110797516; Powell, Jennifer Baumert 1; Email Address: Jennifer.Powell@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436; Issue Info: Oct2015, p1; Thesaurus Term: DEMAND (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: RETROFITTING; Thesaurus Term: CONSTRUCTION equipment -- Export & import trade; Thesaurus Term: CONSTRUCTION industry; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL markets; Subject Term: SUSTAINABLE buildings -- Design & construction; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333120 Construction Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417210 Construction and forestry machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423810 Construction and Mining (except Oil Well) Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=110797516&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thomsen, Craig T1 - Trends in U.S. Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Petition Filings and the Consequences of Rule Changes, 1993-2013. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2015/07// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 30 SN - 21526877 AB - This article examines trends in antidumping and countervailing duty investigation petition filings in the United States during the most recent 21-year period. Petitions were filed on a wide variety of goods, but most frequently on intermediate goods; the steel and chemical industries were the industries which sought antidumping and/or countervailing duty relief most often. Petitions are increasingly being filed as joint antidumping and countervailing duty investigations and the countries from which U.S. industries have most frequently sought duty relief were China, the Republic of Korea, India, and Japan. A number of trends were driven by petitions that included China, although that influence has been declining recently. Several patterns were visible with respect to the timing of petitions; most were filed in the middle of the week, late in the month, and late in the quarter, but not necessarily late in the year. Two rule changes during this time period affected some of these petition filing patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DUMPING (International trade) KW - ANTIDUMPING duties KW - INTERMEDIATE goods KW - CHEMICAL industry KW - UNITED States KW - PETITIONS N1 - Accession Number: 108732359; Thomsen, Craig 1; Email Address: craig.thomsen@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436; Issue Info: Jul2015, p1; Thesaurus Term: DUMPING (International trade); Thesaurus Term: ANTIDUMPING duties; Thesaurus Term: INTERMEDIATE goods; Thesaurus Term: CHEMICAL industry; Subject Term: UNITED States; Subject Term: PETITIONS; Number of Pages: 30p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=108732359&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kim, Sunghyun AU - Shikher, Serge AD - Sungkyunkwan U AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Long-Run Effects of the Korea-China Free-Trade Agreement JO - Journal of East Asian Economic Integration JF - Journal of East Asian Economic Integration Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 142 SN - 22348867 N1 - Accession Number: 1540721; Keywords: ASEAN; Agreement; Free Trade; Manufacturing; Trade; Trade Agreements; Geographic Descriptors: China; S. Korea; Selected Countries; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201601 N2 - This paper uses a 53-country 15-industry computable general equilibrium model of trade to analyze the effects of the Korea-China free trade agreement on the Korean economy, the manufacturing sector in particular. The model is based on Yaylaci and Shikher (2014) which uses the Eaton-Kortum methodology to explain intra-industry trade. The model predicts that the Korea-China FTA will increase Korea-China manufacturing trade by 56%, manufacturing employment in Korea by 5.7% and China by 0.55%. The model also predicts significant reallocation of employment across industries with the Food industry in Korea losing jobs and other industries there gaining jobs, with the Medical equipment industry gaining the most. There will be some trade diversion from the ASEAN countries, as well as Japan and the United States. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economic Integration F15 KW - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices L16 KW - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L60 KW - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O14 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 L3 - http://www.jeai.org UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1540721&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.jeai.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sunghyun Kim AU - Shikher, Serge T1 - Long-run Effects of the Korea-China Free-Trade Agreement. JO - Journal of East Asian Economic Integration (JEAI) JF - Journal of East Asian Economic Integration (JEAI) Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 19 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 117 EP - 142 AB - This paper uses a 53-country 15-industry computable general equilibrium model of trade to analyze the effects of the Korea-China free trade agreement on the Korean economy, the manufacturing sector in particular. The model is based on Yaylaci and Shikher (2014) which uses the Eaton-Kortum methodology to explain intra-industry trade. The model predicts that the Korea-China FTA will increase Korea-China manufacturing trade by 56%, manufacturing employment in Korea by 5.7% and China by 0.55%. The model also predicts significant reallocation of employment across industries with the Food industry in Korea losing jobs and other industries there gaining jobs, with the Medical equipment industry gaining the most. There will be some trade diversion from the ASEAN countries, as well as Japan and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of East Asian Economic Integration (JEAI) is the property of Korea Institute for International Economic Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMMERCIAL treaties KW - FREE trade KW - EMPLOYMENT (Economic theory) KW - MANUFACTURING industries KW - CHINA -- Foreign relations -- Korea KW - Comparative Advantage KW - Employment KW - Korea-China Free Trade Agreement KW - Manufacturing Sector KW - Trade Diversion N1 - Accession Number: 103615932; Sunghyun Kim 1; Email Address: shenrykim@skku.edu Shikher, Serge 2; Email Address: serge.shikher@usitc.gov; Affiliation: 1: Department of Economics, Sungkyunkwan University 2: U.S. International Trade Commission; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p117; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL treaties; Subject Term: FREE trade; Subject Term: EMPLOYMENT (Economic theory); Subject Term: MANUFACTURING industries; Subject Term: CHINA -- Foreign relations -- Korea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comparative Advantage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Employment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Korea-China Free Trade Agreement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manufacturing Sector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trade Diversion; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.11644/KIEP.JEAI.2015.19.2.293 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103615932&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Impact of Restrictions on Mode 3 International Supply of Services JO - Journal of International and Global Economic Studies JF - Journal of International and Global Economic Studies Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 20 SN - 1940655X N1 - Accession Number: 1583890; Keywords: Services; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201608 N2 - This study estimates an econometric model that links the value of U.S. foreign affiliate sales of services in 46 countries to World Bank measures of mode 3 services trade restrictions. The econometric analysis indicates that eliminating existing restrictions on mode 3 supply would increase foreign affiliate sales by 73.72 percent on average across the countries, while eliminating existing restrictions on mode 1 supply would reduce foreign affiliate sales of services by 24.19 percent on average due to switching between the two modes of international supply. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 KW - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce L81 L3 - http://www2.southeastern.edu/orgs/econjournal/index_files/Page410.htm UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1583890&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www2.southeastern.edu/orgs/econjournal/index_files/Page410.htm DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Belenkiy, Maksim AU - Riker, David T1 - Theory and Empirical Evidence Linking International Trade to Unemployment Rates. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2015/05// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 11 SN - 21526877 AB - In this article, we review recent theoretical and empirical studies that link international trade flows and trade policies to aggregate (economy-wide) unemployment rates. The theoretical models demonstrate that there is a complex and often ambiguous relationship between trade and unemployment: whether trade increases or reduces unemployment rates depends in a complicated way on the industry composition of a country's output and on differences in labor market frictions across industries and countries. The empirical studies, on the other hand, offer a story that is simpler and fairly consistent: they generally find that an expansion in international trade reduces a country's aggregate unemployment rate in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - UNEMPLOYMENT KW - INTERNATIONAL economic relations KW - EMPLOYMENT policy KW - INDUSTRIES N1 - Accession Number: 103029298; Belenkiy, Maksim 1; Riker, David 1; Email Address: David.Riker@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: George Mason University School of Public Policy (Belenkiy) and U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Economics (Riker); Issue Info: May2015, p1; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: UNEMPLOYMENT; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic relations; Thesaurus Term: EMPLOYMENT policy; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=103029298&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ma, Hong AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Zhu, Kunfu AD - Tsinghua U AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Chinese Academy of Sciences T1 - Domestic Content in China's Exports and Its Distribution by Firm Ownership JO - Journal of Comparative Economics JF - Journal of Comparative Economics Y1 - 2015/02// VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 18 SN - 01475967 N1 - Accession Number: 1484820; Keywords: Exports; Firm; Firm Level; Ownership; Shares; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201503 N2 - Processing trade and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) account for a large share of total Chinese exports. In producing exports, they also use imported inputs disproportionately, which complicates the measurement of domestic content embedded in exports and the distribution of income generated from exports. In this paper, we extend the method developed by Koopman et al. (2012) to further distinguish between Chinese exports by FIEs and Chinese-owned enterprises (COEs), in addition to processing and normal exports. We propose an accounting framework and a detailed estimation procedure that separately account for the production and trade activities of FIEs and COEs. First, we decompose gross exports into domestic and foreign content by firm types. Then, we estimate factor ownership by firm types based on enterprise surveys. Finally, we compute the distribution of domestic content by factor ownership. Empirical estimation is based on China's 2007 benchmark input-output tables, supplemented by detailed trade and production statistics. Firm heterogeneity within each industry is identified by linking the NBS enterprises survey and the Customs' firm-level trade data. The empirical results from 2007 indicate the following: (1) domestic content accounted for around 59% of total exports; (2) FIEs operating in China created nearly 45% of the domestic content in Chinese exports, whereas processing COEs only contributed by less than 5%; (3) in terms of income distribution, about 52.6% of the value of Chinese exports was captured by foreign factor owners. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 KW - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill G32 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01475967 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1484820&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.11.006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01475967 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Powers, William AU - Riker, David T1 - The Effect of Exchange Rates on the Costs of Exporters When Inputs Are Denominated in Foreign Currencies. JO - International Trade Journal JF - International Trade Journal Y1 - 2015/01//Jan-Mar2015 VL - 29 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 3 EP - 18 PB - Routledge SN - 08853908 AB - Econometric estimates of exchange rate pass-through usually assume that 100% of the exporter’s costs are denominated in the exporter’s currency. However, the literature on trade in value added indicates that a country’s exports often include imported intermediates with costs that may be denominated in other currencies. Using international input–output tables, we analyze whether unrealistic assumptions about the currency denomination of costs can explain some of the evidence of partial exchange rate pass-through in the econometrics literature. We find that models of exchange rate pass-through that rely on the usual cost assumption are likely to significantly understate pass-through rates. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of International Trade Journal is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FOREIGN exchange rates KW - EXPORTERS KW - FOREIGN exchange KW - ECONOMETRICS KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - ECONOMIC conditions KW - econometric analysis KW - exchange rate pass-through KW - trade in value added N1 - Accession Number: 99907274; Powers, William 1; Riker, David 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Economics, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: Jan-Mar2015, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p3; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange rates; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTERS; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMETRICS; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Subject Term: ECONOMIC conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: econometric analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: exchange rate pass-through; Author-Supplied Keyword: trade in value added; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 6 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/08853908.2014.966929 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=99907274&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Export-Intensive Industries Pay More on Average: An Update JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2015/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561744; Keywords: Earnings; Exports; Manufactures; Manufacturing; Pay; Services; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - This article analyzes the weekly earnings in U.S. manufacturing and services industries, based on data for approximately 164,000 workers in 2014. It estimates the earnings premium in export-intensive industries, based on an econometric analysis that combines worker-level data on earnings, education, occupation, and other demographic characteristics from the Current Population Survey with industry-level data on exports and total shipments of manufactures and services. The estimates indicate that export-intensive industries pay more on average and that the export earnings premium is larger for blue collar workers in production and support occupations (they earn a 19.0% premium in export-intensive manufacturing industries and a 17.6% premium in export-intensive services industries) than for white collar workers in management and professional occupations (they earn a 9.9% premium in export-intensive manufacturing industries and a 12.0% premium in export-intensive services industries). Overall, the export earnings premium in 2014 is 16.3% on average in the manufacturing industries and 15.5% on average in the services industries. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials J31 KW - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L60 KW - Industry Studies: Services: General L80 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561744&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Powell, Jennifer Baumert AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Green Building Services JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2015/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561745; Keywords: Building Industry; Construction; Engineering; Environment; Exports; Services; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - Green building services include construction, architecture, engineering, and related activities aimed at creating sustainable structures using environmentally responsible processes and materials. While the concept of building a structure to complement its surrounding environment is not new, there has been a sharp increase in the demand for green buildings and green retrofits in recent years. This trend can be linked to several factors, including a growing interest in cutting the costs associated with operating a structure, government regulations and incentives, and environmental concerns, among others. Available evidence suggests that U.S. exports and overseas sales of green building services are currently small. However, U.S. firms are internationally competitive, and growth in world markets offers substantial opportunities to green building firms that aim to provide their services abroad. This paper provides an overview of the U.S. and global markets for green building services; discusses factors that affect supply and demand for sustainable structures; examines trade in green building services as a component of overall trade in construction, architectural, and engineering services; and considers the outlook for the green building industry. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Construction L74 KW - Personal, Professional, and Business Services L84 KW - Environmental Economics: General Q50 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561745&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Belenkiy, Maksim AU - Riker, David AD - George Mason U AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Theory and Empirical Evidence Linking International Trade to Unemployment Rates JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2015/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561748; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Unemployment; Unemployment Rate; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - In this article, we review recent theoretical and empirical studies that link international trade flows and trade policies to aggregate (economy-wide) unemployment rates. The theoretical models demonstrate that there is a complex and often ambiguous relationship between trade and unemployment: whether trade increases or reduces unemployment rates depends in a complicated way on the industry composition of a country's output and on differences in labor market frictions across industries and countries. The empirical studies, on the other hand, offer a story that is simpler and fairly consistent: they generally find that an expansion in international trade reduces a country's aggregate unemployment rate in the long run. KW - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity E24 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Trade and Labor Market Interactions F16 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561748&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thomsen, Craig AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Trends in U.S. Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Petition Filings and the Consequences of Rule Changes, 1993-2013 JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2015/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561747; Keywords: Anti Dumping; Antidumping; Duty; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - This article examines trends in antidumping and countervailing duty investigation petition filings in the United States during the most recent 21-year period. Petitions were filed on a wide variety of goods, but most frequently on intermediate goods; the steel and chemical industries were the industries which sought antidumping and/or countervailing duty relief most often. Petitions are increasingly being filed as joint antidumping and countervailing duty investigations and the countries from which U.S. industries have most frequently sought duty relief were China, the Republic of Korea, India, and Japan. A number of trends were driven by petitions that included China, although that influence has been declining recently. Several patterns were visible with respect to the timing of petitions; most were filed in the middle of the week, late in the month, and late in the quarter, but not necessarily late in the year. Two rule changes during this time period affected some of these petition filing patterns. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Law K33 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561747&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horowitz, Jeff AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - U.S. International Trade Commission's Digital Trade Roundtable: Discussion Summary JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2015/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561746; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - On January 29, 2015, the U.S. International Trade Commission (Commission or USITC) hosted its first roundtable related to digital trade. Representatives from universities, various industries, government agencies, think tanks, and several international institutions shared their views on a number of digital trade issues, including the barriers to and benefits of digital trade. They also discussed recent contributions to digital trade research. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561746&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Plummer, Michael G. AU - Tafti, Alissa AD - Johns Hopkins U, Bologna AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Forssbaeck, Jens A2 - Oxelheim, Lars T1 - Transparency in International Trade Policy T2 - The Oxford Handbook of Economic and Institutional Transparency PB - Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Y1 - 2015/// SP - 166 EP - 178 N1 - Accession Number: 1585973; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-19-991769-3 (cloth); Keywords: International Trade; Policy; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: APEC; ASEAN; OECD; WTO; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201608 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O24 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1585973&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - UNPB AU - Sonenshine, Ralph AU - Larson, Nathan AU - Cauvel, Michael AD - Department of Economics, American University and U.S. International Trade Commission AD - Department of Economics, American University AD - Department of Economics, American University T1 - The Effect of Mergers, Divestitures, and Board Composition on CEO Compensation Before and After the Financial Crisis PB - American University, Department of Economics, Working Papers: 2015-08 Y1 - 2015/// AV - Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org N1 - Accession Number: 1508423; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201507 N2 - This paper revisits the determinants of CEO compensation using recent data (covering 125 firms from 2003 to 2012) spanning the 2008 financial crisis. Overall, consistent with earlier studies, we find firm size and board composition to be the most consistent indicators of CEO pay. However, pay becomes more performance-oriented in the years after the financial crisis, which may reflect tighter governance. We give particular attention to the role played by changes in the CEO's scope due to mergers and divestitures--the latter has seldom been considered before. We also investigate how these factors differ by industry. KW - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance G34 KW - Corporate Finance and Governance: General G30 KW - Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation M12 KW - Accounting M41 L3 - http://www.american.edu/cas/economics/research/upload/2015-08.pdf UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1508423&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.american.edu/cas/economics/research/upload/2015-08.pdf DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maxwell, Alexi AU - Riker, David T1 - The Economic Implications of Strengthening Intellectual Property Rights in Developing Countries. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2014/11// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 SN - 21526877 AB - We survey the recent literature on the economic implications of strengthening intellectual property rights in developing countries. First, we identify the theoretical concepts and empirical methods that are frequently applied to this topic. Then we discuss ten specific economic studies that have addressed this topic in the last ten years. Finally, we identify the most common findings in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTELLECTUAL property KW - EMPIRICAL research KW - SYSTEMS theory KW - NUMBER concept KW - DEVELOPING countries N1 - Accession Number: 103073222; Maxwell, Alexi 1; Riker, David 1; Email Address: David.Riker@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20436; Issue Info: Nov2014, p1; Thesaurus Term: INTELLECTUAL property; Thesaurus Term: EMPIRICAL research; Thesaurus Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: NUMBER concept; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=103073222&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lakatos, Csilla AU - Fukui, Tani T1 - The Liberalization of Retail Services in India. JO - World Development JF - World Development Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 59 M3 - Article SP - 327 EP - 340 SN - 0305750X AB - Summary: Despite the recent controversy about opening up the distribution sector to foreign retailers, there is political will that remains in favor of pushing through reforms in India. In this paper, we quantify the economic impact of the removal of barriers to foreign investment in multi-brand retailing on different stakeholders using a newly developed general equilibrium model. The model accounts explicitly for both foreign direct investment and the activities of foreign affiliates using heterogeneous production technologies. We find that the unilateral reduction of barriers to FDI in distribution services in India benefits the economy as a whole, consumers, and foreign producers but hurts domestic distributors. Nevertheless, when we consider the associated productivity improvements documented in the literature to downstream and upstream industries, we find that domestic producers are expected to benefit from the liberalization of the distribution sector as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of World Development is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LIBERALIZATION (Finance) KW - STAKEHOLDERS KW - DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory) KW - EQUILIBRIUM (Economics) KW - ECONOMIC activity KW - GROSS domestic product KW - INDIA -- Economic conditions KW - general equilibrium models KW - India KW - retail services N1 - Accession Number: 95506312; Lakatos, Csilla 1 Fukui, Tani 2; Affiliation: 1: Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA 2: US International Trade Commission, Washington, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 59, p327; Subject Term: LIBERALIZATION (Finance); Subject Term: STAKEHOLDERS; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory); Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM (Economics); Subject Term: ECONOMIC activity; Subject Term: GROSS domestic product; Subject Term: INDIA -- Economic conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: general equilibrium models; Author-Supplied Keyword: India; Author-Supplied Keyword: retail services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.013 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95506312&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benedetto, John B. T1 - Who Financed Recent U.S. Trade Deficits? JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2014/05// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 20 SN - 21526877 AB - Some popular and academic economic explanations of the U.S. trade deficit since 1998 emphasize U.S. private borrowing or foreign private interest in investing in the United States. This paper shows basic U.S. government data that demonstrate that foreign governments have been major financers of the U.S. trade deficit in the 2000s. In this light, it considers several explanations of recent U.S. trade deficits to see if they match these basic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BALANCE of trade KW - CREDIT KW - COMMERCE KW - INVESTMENTS KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 103073237; Benedetto, John B. 1; Email Address: John.Benedetto@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington; Issue Info: May2014, p1; Thesaurus Term: BALANCE of trade; Thesaurus Term: CREDIT; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCE; Thesaurus Term: INVESTMENTS; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522390 Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=103073237&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koopman, Robert AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Wei, Shang-Jin AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Columbia U and CIER, Tsinghua U T1 - Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports JO - American Economic Review JF - American Economic Review Y1 - 2014/02// VL - 104 IS - 2 SP - 459 EP - 494 SN - 00028282 N1 - Accession Number: 1410989; Keywords: Comparative Advantage; Exports; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201401 N2 - This paper proposes an accounting framework that breaks up a country's gross exports into various value-added components by source and additional double-counted terms. Our parsimonious framework bridges a gap between official trade statistics (in gross value terms) and national accounts (in value-added terms), and integrates all previous measures of vertical specialization and value-added trade in the literature into a unified framework. To illustrate the potential of such a method, we present a number of applications including re-computing revealed comparative advantages and the magnifying impact of multi-stage production on trade costs. KW - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts E010 KW - General Aggregative Models: Social Accounting Matrix E160 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F140 KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F230 KW - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks L140 L3 - http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1410989&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.2.459 UR - http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carrico, Caitlyn AU - Tsigas, Marinos T1 - Enriching U.S. labor results in a multi-regional CGE model. JO - Economic Modelling JF - Economic Modelling Y1 - 2014/01// VL - 36 M3 - Article SP - 268 EP - 281 SN - 02649993 AB - Abstract: This paper proposes a new approach for enriching results for U.S. labor markets from the leading multi-regional CGE model, the GTAP model. Departing from the usual approach of expanding labor data in all economies in a model's database, our method expands only the U.S. labor data. Additionally, we introduce a novel modification to primary factor demands, generating more realistic labor markets in which lower-skilled jobs substitute more easily with other primary factors than higher-skilled jobs. The advantages of our approach are that we can rely on the most recent and the most disaggregate U.S. labor data available; we build upon the most recently available GTAP database; and, when applied to other economies, our approach is the initial contribution to a database of detailed labor statistics for several economies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Economic Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LABOR market KW - REGIONAL economics KW - MATHEMATICAL models KW - DATABASES KW - SKILLED labor KW - ECONOMICS -- Statistical methods KW - COMPUTABLE general equilibrium models KW - UNITED States KW - CGE model KW - GTAP KW - Labor KW - Labor disaggregation KW - Labor structure KW - Trade KW - Wage N1 - Accession Number: 92732201; Carrico, Caitlyn 1; Tsigas, Marinos 1; Email Address: marinos.tsigas@gmail.com; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission, USA; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 36, p268; Thesaurus Term: LABOR market; Thesaurus Term: REGIONAL economics; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: DATABASES; Thesaurus Term: SKILLED labor; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS -- Statistical methods; Subject Term: COMPUTABLE general equilibrium models; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: CGE model; Author-Supplied Keyword: GTAP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Labor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Labor disaggregation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Labor structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trade; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wage; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.030 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=92732201&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Takeda, Shiro AU - Arimura, Toshi AU - Tamechika, Hanae AU - Fischer, Carolyn AU - Fox, Alan T1 - Output-based allocation of emissions permits for mitigating the leakage and competitiveness issues for the Japanese economy. JO - Environmental Economics & Policy Studies JF - Environmental Economics & Policy Studies Y1 - 2014/01// VL - 16 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 89 EP - 110 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1432847X AB - The adoption of domestic emissions trading schemes (ETS) can impose a heavy burden on energy-intensive industries. Particularly, energy-intensive industries competing with foreign competitors could lose their international edge. Although the abatement of CO emissions in industrialized countries entails the reduction of their energy-intensive production, a corresponding increase in the production of energy-intensive goods in countries without CO regulations may lead to carbon 'leakage.' This paper examines the effects of various allocation methods of emissions permits in the Japanese ETS on the economy and CO emissions using a multiregional and multisector computable general equilibrium model. Specifically, we apply the Fischer and Fox (Land Econ 83(4):575-599, ) model to the Japanese economy to address carbon leakage and competitiveness issues. We compare auction schemes, grandfathering schemes, and output-based allocation (OBA) schemes. We further extend the model by examining a combination of auctions and OBA. Though the auction scheme is found to be the best in terms of macroeconomic impacts, the leakage rate is high and the harm to energy-intensive sectors can be significant. OBA causes less leakage and damage to energy-intensive sectors, but the macroeconomic impact is undesirable. Considering all three effects-leakage, competitiveness, and macroeconomics-we find that combinations of auctions and OBA are desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Environmental Economics & Policy Studies is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EMISSIONS trading KW - ECONOMICS KW - COMPETITION (Economics) KW - ENERGY industries KW - ECONOMIC sectors KW - RESOURCE allocation KW - JAPAN KW - C68 KW - Carbon leakage KW - Climate change KW - D42 KW - Emissions trading KW - International competitiveness KW - Output-based allocation N1 - Accession Number: 93503757; Takeda, Shiro 1; Email Address: shiro.takeda@gmail.com Arimura, Toshi 2; Email Address: toshi.arimura@gmail.com Tamechika, Hanae 3; Email Address: tamechika@econ.osaka-u.ac.jp Fischer, Carolyn 4; Email Address: Fischer@rff.org Fox, Alan 5; Email Address: Alan.Fox@usitc.gov; Affiliation: 1: Faculty of Economics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto Japan 2: Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8050 Japan 3: Osaka University, Osaka Japan 4: Resources for the Future, Washington, DC USA 5: US International Trade Commission, Washington, DC USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p89; Subject Term: EMISSIONS trading; Subject Term: ECONOMICS; Subject Term: COMPETITION (Economics); Subject Term: ENERGY industries; Subject Term: ECONOMIC sectors; Subject Term: RESOURCE allocation; Subject Term: JAPAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: C68; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon leakage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: D42; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions trading; Author-Supplied Keyword: International competitiveness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Output-based allocation; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10018-013-0072-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93503757&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ford, Sharon L. N. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Additive Manufacturing Technology: Potential Implications for U.S. Manufacturing Competitiveness JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2014/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561740; Keywords: Firm; Firms; Manufacturing; Production; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - This article explores the development and application of additive manufacturing as well as initiatives in the United States and other countries to advance it. It also examines the technology's effect on firm and industry production activities, as well as the potential implications for U.S. manufacturing competitiveness focused in three industries. It concludes that the most significant factors affecting the potential of additive manufacturing to contribute to U.S. competitiveness are developing standards, improving the selection and affordability of materials, and increasing the accuracy and reliability of equipment and processes. KW - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity D24 KW - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L60 KW - Production Management M11 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561740&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horowitz, Jeffrey AU - Riker, David AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Measuring Shifts in Brazil's Trade Using International Input-Output Tables JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2014/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561742; Keywords: Comparative Advantage; Developing Countries; Exports; Input Output; Input Output Table; International Trade; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Brazil; Selected Countries; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - In this paper, we use information from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) and a method for decomposing the value-added contributions of each country in international trade flows to measure shifts in Brazil's exports between 1995 and 2009. The database allows us to separate gross trade flows into intermediate and final products and to trace Brazil's value added to the country of final use. Over the fifteen year period covered by WIOD, there was a shift in Brazil's exports of intermediate and final goods away from services and other manufactured products toward greater specialization in the country's traditional areas of comparative advantage, agricultural and mineral products. There was also a shift in Brazil's exports toward East Asia and developing countries and away from the European Union and the United States. However, the redirection of Brazil's exports to East Asia does not reflect a significant shift in the ultimate destination of Brazil's value added from its traditional markets. According to our calculations of trade in value added, Brazil's exports of intermediate goods and services to East Asia have been increasingly incorporated into East Asia's exports to the United States and the European Union. KW - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis D57 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O24 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561742&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maxwell, Alexi AU - Riker, David AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Economic Implications of Strengthening Intellectual Property Rights in Developing Countries JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2014/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561739; Keywords: Developing Countries; Intellectual Property Rights; Property; Property Rights; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - We survey the recent literature on the economic implications of strengthening intellectual property rights in developing countries. First, we identify the theoretical concepts and empirical methods that are frequently applied to this topic. Then we discuss ten specific economic studies that have addressed this topic in the last ten years. Finally, we identify the most common findings in the literature. KW - Property Law K11 KW - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements O17 KW - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O34 KW - Technological Change: Government Policy O38 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561739&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weyer, Eric AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - U.S. International Trade Commission's High-Technology Roundtable: Discussion Summary JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2014/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561743; Keywords: International Trade; Technology; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - On July 16, 2013, the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) hosted its third annual roundtable discussion on high-technology trade issues. Representatives from industry, government, and think-tanks shared their views on a number of high-technology (high-tech) trade issues. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General O30 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561743&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benedetto, John B. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Who Financed Recent U.S. Trade Deficits? JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2014/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1561741; Keywords: Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201604 N2 - Some popular and academic economic explanations of the U.S. trade deficit since 1998 emphasize U.S. private borrowing or foreign private interest in investing in the United States. This paper shows basic U.S. government data that demonstrate that foreign governments have been major financers of the U.S. trade deficit in the 2000s. In this light, it considers several explanations of recent U.S. trade deficits to see if they match these basic data. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1561741&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Koopman, Robert B. AU - Ferrantino, Michael AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Payson, Steven T1 - Observing Patterns in International Trade and Investment T2 - Public Economics in the United States: How the Federal Government Analyzes and Influences the Economy. Volume 3. Statistical Measurement, Strategy Development, and Accountability in Government Economics PB - Santa Barbara, Calif. and Oxford: ABC-CLIO, Praeger Y1 - 2014/// SP - 835 EP - 865 N1 - Accession Number: 1576598; Reviewed Book ISBN: 9780-313-39633-5 (cloth); 978-0-313-396-34-2 (e-book); Keywords: International Trade; Investment; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: S. Korea; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201607 KW - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists A11 KW - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity E22 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Economic Integration F15 KW - Trade and Labor Market Interactions F16 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1576598&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - UNPB AU - Tang, Heiwai AU - Wang, Fei AU - Wang, Zhi AD - Johns Hopkins University and CESIfo AD - University of International Business and Economics AD - United States International Trade Commission T1 - The Domestic Segment of Global Supply Chains in China under State Capitalism PB - Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper: 186 Y1 - 2014/// SP - 45 pages AV - Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org N1 - Accession Number: 1456963; Keywords: China; input-output; trade; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201409 N2 - This paper proposes methods to incorporate firm heterogeneity in the standard IO-table based approach to portray the domestic segment of global value chains in a country. Using Chinese firm census data for both manufacturing and service sectors, along with constrained optimization techniques, we split the conventional IO table into sub-accounts, which are used to estimate direct and indirect domestic value added in exports of different types of firm. We find that in China, both state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and small and medium domestic private enterprises (SMEs) have much higher shares of indirect exports and ratios of value-added exports to gross exports (VAX), compared to foreign-invested and large domestic private firms. Based on IO tables for both 2007 and 2010, we find increasing VAX ratios for all firm types, particularly for SOEs. By extending the method proposed by Antras et al. (2012), we find that SOEs are consistently more upstream while SMEs are consistently more downstream within industries. These findings suggest that SOEs still play an important role in shaping China's exports. KW - Input-Output Models C67 KW - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access C82 KW - Trade: General F10 L3 - http://www.dallasfed.org/assets/documents/institute/wpapers/2014/0186.pdf UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1456963&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.dallasfed.org/assets/documents/institute/wpapers/2014/0186.pdf DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David AU - Vila-Goulding, Jessica T1 - The Boom in Brazilians Traveling to the United States. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2013/12// VL - 5 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 15 SN - 21526877 AB - In this article, we examine the economic factors driving the recent boom in Brazilians traveling to the United States. First, we present several measures of the increase in Brazilian travelers and the consequent increase in U.S. services exports to Brazil. Then, we review the economics literature to identify factors that generally affect international tourism demand, including relative prices and income levels. Finally, we present statistical evidence and popular press accounts indicating the relevance and contribution of each of these factors to the recent boom in international travel from Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ECONOMIC impact KW - BRAZILIANS KW - INTERNATIONAL travel KW - INTERNATIONAL tourism KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 95043976; Riker, David 1; Email Address: David.Riker@usitc.gov; Vila-Goulding, Jessica; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC impact; Subject Term: BRAZILIANS; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL travel; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL tourism; Subject: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=95043976&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Giamalva, John T1 - Korea's Demand for U.S. Beef. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2013/12// VL - 5 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 16 EP - 32 SN - 21526877 AB - This paper uses a price-adjusted index of demand to estimate the change in Korean consumers' demand for U.S. beef from 2003 through 2011. The paper provides an overview of Korea's consumption, production, and imports of beef over this period, which included Korea's ban on imports of U.S. beef following discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the U.S. cattle herd in December 2003, the signing of the U.S.-Korea Beef Protocol in April 2008, and the subsequent recovery of U.S. beef imports. The paper also includes background information on BSE and Korean consumers' perceptions of the safety of U.S. beef. Korean demand for U.S. beef is estimated to have increased substantially since 2009 (the first full year after signing of the Beef Protocol), but in 2011 remained well below the level observed in 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BEEF -- Export & import trade KW - SUPPLY & demand KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - BEEF industry KW - BOVINE spongiform encephalopathy N1 - Accession Number: 95043977; Giamalva, John 1; Email Address: John.Giamalva@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p16; Thesaurus Term: BEEF -- Export & import trade; Thesaurus Term: SUPPLY & demand; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: BEEF industry; Subject Term: BOVINE spongiform encephalopathy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311614 Rendering and meat processing from carcasses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413160 Red meat and meat product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311611 Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311612 Meat Processed from Carcasses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=95043977&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baldwin, Katherine AU - Bonarriva, Joanna T1 - Feeding the Dragon and the Elephant: How Agricultural Policies and Trading Regimes Influence Consumption in China and India. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2013/12// VL - 5 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 33 EP - 48 SN - 21526877 AB - China and India have posted impressive growth rates over the past decade, but face a number of challenges to sustained growth, including bureaucratic hurdles, large swaths of populations in poverty, and policy regimes that are sometimes at odds with global trade norms. These issues factor heavily in the evolving agricultural sectors of each country. Both China's and India's agricultural policies are developed out of a concern for domestic food security, and both nations use that objective as a justification for their policy regimes. But aside from this overarching goal, what do these countries have in common when it comes to agricultural trade? In this paper, we undertake a systematic analysis of the agricultural sectors of China and India, comparing and contrasting both domestic policies and trade regimes, and exploring how these regimes affect agricultural trade levels in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GROWTH rate KW - AGRICULTURE & state KW - CONSUMPTION (Economics) KW - FOOD security KW - INDIA KW - CHINA N1 - Accession Number: 95043978; Baldwin, Katherine 1; Email Address: Katherine.Baldwin@usitc.gov; Bonarriva, Joanna 1; Email Address: Joanna.Bonarriva@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p33; Thesaurus Term: GROWTH rate; Thesaurus Term: AGRICULTURE & state; Thesaurus Term: CONSUMPTION (Economics); Subject Term: FOOD security; Subject: INDIA; Subject: CHINA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926140 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=95043978&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - CONF AU - Salem, Samira AU - Benedetto, John T1 - The USITC's Roundtable on the Labor Market Effects of Trade: Discussion Summary. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2013/12// VL - 5 IS - 1 M3 - Proceeding SP - 49 EP - 64 SN - 21526877 AB - On October 4, 2012, the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) hosted a roundtable discussion on the labor market effects of trade. The USITC assembled a group of 29 professionals representing a variety of perspectives and experiences for the roundtable discussion. The participants expressed wide-ranging views on how the business cycle influences the labor market effects of trade liberalization, and on the relationship between offshoring and domestic employment. The discussion highlighted recent methodological advances incorporating transition dynamics to measure the costs that workers face in switching sectors. Participants identified four overarching themes. First, recent empirical research suggests that short-term adjustment costs may be more important than previously thought, so there is a need to incorporate labor mobility into trade models in order to better analyze the effects of trade on labor. Second, research also suggests there is a need for comparative general equilibrium (CGE) modeling efforts to continue to expand into examining trade and labor under conditions of less-than-full employment, as well as to examine the impact on the labor market of reducing nontariff barriers in the services sector. Third, participants called for improved access to data-services data, value-added data, and U.S. firm-level data-and proposed new levels of data analysis, that might allow for research on topics like the possible effects of trade on the quality of jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade -- Congresses KW - LABOR market KW - EQUILIBRIUM (Economics) KW - FREE trade KW - CONGRESSES KW - UNITED States International Trade Commission -- Congresses N1 - Accession Number: 95043979; Salem, Samira; Benedetto, John 1; Email Address: John.Benedetto@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p49; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade -- Congresses; Thesaurus Term: LABOR market; Thesaurus Term: EQUILIBRIUM (Economics); Thesaurus Term: FREE trade; Subject Term: CONGRESSES; Subject Term: UNITED States International Trade Commission -- Congresses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Proceeding UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=95043979&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David T1 - Geographically Disaggregated Import Data and Consumer Gains from Trade. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2013/12// VL - 5 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 65 EP - 78 SN - 21526877 AB - This article examines the geographic concentration of manufacturing imports as they enter the United States. Variations in import shares at the U.S. Customs district level can be explained in part by the distances between the districts and the exporting countries, and in part by the districts' proximity to the U.S. consumers who will buy the imports. The patterns in the import data indicate that shipping costs within the United States affect consumption patterns for imported goods. They also identify the consumers that are likely to gain the most from trade liberalization-those living in the states closest to the most frequent ports of entry of imports. These patterns suggest that the geographically disaggregated data contain economically relevant information that could be incorporated into models of international trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IMPORTS KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - CONSUMERS KW - CONSUMPTION (Economics) KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Bureau of Customs N1 - Accession Number: 95043980; Riker, David 1; Email Address: David.Riker@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p65; Thesaurus Term: IMPORTS; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: CONSUMERS; Thesaurus Term: CONSUMPTION (Economics); Subject Term: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Bureau of Customs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=95043980&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Environmental Performance and U.S. Exports JO - International Trade Journal JF - International Trade Journal Y1 - 2013/09//September-October 2013 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 325 EP - 335 SN - 08853908 N1 - Accession Number: 1399290; Keywords: Environmental Impact; Exports; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201310 N2 - U.S. industries have reduced their releases of toxic chemicals in recent years. These publicly reported environmental improvements can increase the demand for U.S. products abroad by increasing the perceived quality of these products in countries that are concerned about the environmental impacts of manufacturing. This article examines this possibility. It presents an analysis of the changes in the environmental performance and exports of 19 U.S. industries to 128 countries between 2002 and 2010. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Trade and Environment F18 KW - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling Q53 KW - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth Q56 L3 - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uitj20 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1399290&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uitj20 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mathews, Kenneth H. AU - Jones, Keithly G. AU - McConnell, Michael J. AU - Johnson, Rachel J. T1 - Corrigendum to “Trade-adjusted measures of productivity increases in US hog production” [Agric. Syst. 114 (2013) 32–37]. JO - Agricultural Systems JF - Agricultural Systems Y1 - 2013/07// VL - 119 M3 - Correction notice SP - 43 EP - 43 SN - 0308521X N1 - Accession Number: 89303289; Mathews, Kenneth H. 1 Jones, Keithly G. 1; Email Address: kjones@ers.usda.gov McConnell, Michael J. 2 Johnson, Rachel J. 1; Affiliation: 1: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Markets and Trade Economics Division, Washington, DC, United States 2: US International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, United States; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 119, p43; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice L3 - 10.1016/j.agsy.2013.03.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89303289&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, Everett AU - Grant, Jason AU - Roberts, Donna AU - Karov, Vuko T1 - Evaluating the Trade Restrictiveness of Phytosanitary Measures on U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Imports. JO - American Journal of Agricultural Economics JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics Y1 - 2013/07// VL - 95 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 842 EP - 858 PB - Oxford University Press / USA SN - 00029092 AB - Empirically assessing sanitary and phytosanitary regulations has proven difficult because most data sources indicate whether a regulation exists but provide no information on the type or importance of the respective measure. In this article, we construct a novel database of U.S. phytosanitary measures and match these to 47 fresh fruit and vegetable product imports from 89 exporting countries over the period 1996–2008. A product-line gravity equation that accounts for zero trade flows is developed to investigate the trade impact of different pest-mitigation measures. While the results suggest that phytosanitary treatments generally reduce trade, the actual restrictiveness of these measures diminishes dramatically as exporters accumulate experience, and it vanishes when exporters reach a certain threshold. The results have important policy implications considering the number of empirical studies that find a negative impact of non-tariff measures on trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Journal of Agricultural Economics is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - TRADE regulation KW - FRUIT -- Export & import trade KW - VEGETABLES -- Export & import trade KW - UNITED States KW - fruit and vegetable trade KW - gravity equation KW - non-tariff measures KW - phytosanitary treatments KW - Poisson KW - Zero-Inflated Poisson N1 - Accession Number: 89102651; Peterson, Everett 1; Grant, Jason 1; Roberts, Donna 1; Karov, Vuko 1; Affiliations: 1: Peterson is a professor, and Grant is an assistant professor in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at Virginia Tech. Roberts is Associate Director of the Market and Trade Economics Division at the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Karov is an extension specialist in the Department of Agricultural Economics & Agribusiness at the University of Arkansas. The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor, David Hennessy, for helpful comments. We also received many helpful suggestions from John Beghin, David Orden, and seminar participants at the 2011 annual meeting of the American Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, the 2011 annual meeting of the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, and Staff Economists at the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and the U.S. International Trade Commission. Grant, Peterson, and Roberts wish to acknowledge financial support provided by the Economic Research Service under cooperative agreement 43-EAEL5-80055 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture's (NIFA) Agricultural and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Grant 2010-65400-20437. The views expressed here are those of the authors and may not be attributed to the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Economic Research Service.; Issue Info: Jul2013, Vol. 95 Issue 4, p842; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: TRADE regulation; Subject Term: FRUIT -- Export & import trade; Subject Term: VEGETABLES -- Export & import trade; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: fruit and vegetable trade; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-tariff measures; Author-Supplied Keyword: phytosanitary treatments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poisson; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zero-Inflated Poisson; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115113 Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 413150 Fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111219 Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424480 Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 445230 Fruit and Vegetable Markets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111419 Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 6 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=89102651&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheets, Darren T1 - How Intellectual Property Regimes Influence Trade with the United States: An Empirical Approach for 2000 - 2008. JO - Journal of Applied Economics & Business Research JF - Journal of Applied Economics & Business Research Y1 - 2013/05// VL - 3 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 67 EP - 80 SN - 1927033X AB - Intellectual property rights enforcement has continued to be an important topic of discussion between countries, particularly when forming new trade agreements. There has been much empirical research attempting to understand how changes in intellectual property regime (IPR) strength influence trade flows between countries. This paper attempts to add to this literature by analyzing trade between the United States and 61 foreign countries for the years 2000 - 2008. I find that the IPR strength of foreign countries has a significant impact on attracting exports from the United States. Foreign countries that participate in the U.S. IPR are also associated with exporting more to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Economics & Business Research is the property of Journal of Applied Economics & Business Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTELLECTUAL property KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - PATENTS KW - INDUSTRIAL property KW - EXPORTS KW - UNITED States KW - exports KW - Intellectual property regime KW - patents KW - trade N1 - Accession Number: 88821434; Sheets, Darren 1; Email Address: darren.sheets@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: United States International Trade Commission, Washington, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p67; Thesaurus Term: INTELLECTUAL property; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: PATENTS; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL property; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: exports; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intellectual property regime; Author-Supplied Keyword: patents; Author-Supplied Keyword: trade; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541199 All Other Legal Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541110 Offices of Lawyers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=88821434&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reynolds, Neal J. T1 - Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Role of the U.S. Courts in Resolving Conflicts Between U.S. Law and WTO Dispute Settlement Reports in the Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Area. JO - Tulane Journal of International & Comparative Law JF - Tulane Journal of International & Comparative Law Y1 - 2013///Spring2013 VL - 21 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 273 EP - 290 SN - 10694455 AB - The article discusses the Uruguay Round Agreement (URA) adopted by the U.S. that has been designed to reduce tariff and trade barriers, and improve international trade. The URA mentioned two agreements related to antidumping (AD) and countervailing duty orders (CVD). The URA also has provisions of dispute settlement that were created to resolve disputes between the World Trade Organization (WTO) members regarding scope and implementation of the URA including AD and CVD agreement. KW - NONTARIFF trade barriers KW - ANTIDUMPING duties KW - DUMPING (International trade) KW - DISPUTE resolution (Law) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - WORLD Trade Organization N1 - Accession Number: 87644145; Reynolds, Neal J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Assistant General Counsel for Litigation, U.S. International Trade Commission; Source Info: Spring2013, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p273; Subject Term: NONTARIFF trade barriers; Subject Term: ANTIDUMPING duties; Subject Term: DUMPING (International trade); Subject Term: DISPUTE resolution (Law); Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Company/Entity: WORLD Trade Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87644145&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - CARLSON, GEOFFREY S. AU - Bown, Chad P. AU - Mavroidis, Petros C. T1 - Comment on ‘Thailand–Cigarettes (Philippines): A More Serious Role for the ‘Less Favourable Treatment’ Standard of Article III:4’. JO - World Trade Review JF - World Trade Review Y1 - 2013/04// VL - 12 IS - 2 M3 - Opinion SP - 195 EP - 196 SN - 14747456 AB - The author presents a commentary on the article "Thailand--Cigarettes (Philippines): A More Serious Role for the 'Less Favourable Treatment' Standard of Article III:4" William Davey and Keith Maskus. He recognizes Davey and Maskus for offering an analysis of the legal and economic significance of the Report of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization (WTO). He discusses the allegation made by the Philippines that Thailand violated the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). KW - FOREIGN trade regulation KW - CIGARETTES -- Export & import trade KW - PHILIPPINES KW - WORLD Trade Organization KW - GENERAL Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (Organization) KW - MASKUS, Keith KW - DAVEY, William N1 - Accession Number: 87364193; CARLSON, GEOFFREY S. 1; Bown, Chad P.; Mavroidis, Petros C.; Affiliations: 1: Attorney-Advisor, US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p195; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN trade regulation; Subject Term: CIGARETTES -- Export & import trade; Subject: PHILIPPINES ; Company/Entity: WORLD Trade Organization ; Company/Entity: GENERAL Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (Organization); NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 424940 Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413310 Cigarette and tobacco product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312230 Tobacco Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312220 Tobacco product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453991 Tobacco Stores; People: MASKUS, Keith; People: DAVEY, William; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Opinion L3 - 10.1017/S1474745612000572 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=87364193&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carlson, Geoffrey S. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Thailand-Cigarettes (Philippines): A More Serious Role for the 'Less Favourable Treatment' Standard of Article III:4: Comment JO - World Trade Review JF - World Trade Review Y1 - 2013/04// VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 195 EP - 196 SN - 14747456 N1 - Accession Number: 1384519; Keywords: Cigarettes; Geographic Descriptors: GATT; Philippines; Thailand; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201307 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits L66 KW - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O14 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 L3 - http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayBackIssues?jid=WTR UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1384519&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayBackIssues?jid=WTR DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fukui, E. Tani AU - Hammer, Alexander B. AU - Jones, Lin Z. T1 - Are U.S. exports influenced by stronger IPR protection measures in recipient markets? JO - Business Horizons JF - Business Horizons Y1 - 2013/03// VL - 56 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 179 EP - 188 SN - 00076813 AB - Abstract: U.S. exporters have choices when it comes to determining in which markets to sell their firms’ products and services. These choices depend on several factors, including market size, income levels, price sensitivity, competition, consumer preferences, and other demand conditions in the recipient markets. Cost considerations also play an important role in determining to which markets firms export, especially those associated with transportation, tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, legal and translations services, and logistics support for vertically integrated supply and distribution channels. However, the inclusion of intellectual property rights (IPR) considerations has not been integral to the well-established literature on firms’ export determinants. Using a comparative indicator of IPR protection measures in various countries, this article isolates the effects of IPR protection as a determinant to U.S. export activity. The results show that growth in U.S. exports has been correlated with improvements in IPR protection in foreign markets over the considered period and that the magnitude of this correlation has varied markedly by sector and country. High-technology sectors, such as semiconductors as well as synthetic rubbers and fibers, exhibited the greatest sensitivity to improvements in IPR protection mechanisms in the considered period while improvements in IPR protection in markets like Mexico, China, and Japan were correlated with disproportionately high positive effects on U.S. export performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Business Horizons is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPORTS KW - BUSINESS enterprises -- Size KW - MARKET prices KW - INTELLECTUAL property KW - PROPERTY rights KW - SENSITIVITY analysis KW - UNITED States KW - Determinants of trade KW - Exports KW - Gravity modeling KW - Intellectual property rights KW - IPR KW - Trade N1 - Accession Number: 85584382; Fukui, E. Tani 1; Email Address: tani.fukui@usitc.gov; Hammer, Alexander B.; Email Address: alexander.hammer@usitc.gov; Jones, Lin Z. 1; Email Address: lin.jones@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: The authors are affiliated with the U.S. International Trade Commission. The views expressed in this article are strictly those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its Commissioners.; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p179; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTS; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS enterprises -- Size; Thesaurus Term: MARKET prices; Thesaurus Term: INTELLECTUAL property; Thesaurus Term: PROPERTY rights; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Determinants of trade; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exports; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intellectual property rights; Author-Supplied Keyword: IPR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trade; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.bushor.2012.11.009 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85584382&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-05281-006 AN - 2013-05281-006 AU - Belenkiy, Maksim AU - Riker, David T1 - Modeling the international tourism expenditures of individual travelers. JF - Journal of Travel Research JO - Journal of Travel Research Y1 - 2013/03// VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 202 EP - 211 CY - US PB - Sage Publications SN - 0047-2875 SN - 1552-6763 AD - Riker, David, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW, Washington, DC, US, 20436 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-05281-006. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Belenkiy, Maksim; International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20130603. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Costs and Cost Analysis; Demographic Characteristics; Economics; Tourism; Traveling. Minor Descriptor: Models. Classification: Recreation & Leisure (3740); Social Processes & Social Issues (2900). Population: Human (10). Location: Argentina; Australia; Austria; Bahamas; Brazil; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Czech Republic; Denmark; Dominican Republic; Egypt; France; Germany; Greece; Hong Kong; Iceland; Ireland; India; Indonesia; Israel; Italy; Japan; Jamaica; Jordan; United Kingdom; Republic of Korea; Morocco; Netherlands; New Zealand; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Russia; South Africa; Singapore; Spain; Switzerland; Taiwan; Thailand; Trinidad and Tobago; Turkey; Vietnam. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 10. Issue Publication Date: Mar, 2013. Copyright Statement: SAGE Publications. 2012. AB - This study presents a set of econometric models that measure the response of international tourism expenditures to consumer prices and other country-level factors, while controlling for the demographic characteristics of the individual travelers. We find that the price elasticity of the demand for international tourism services, conditional on traveling overseas, is approximately −0.8. We also find that the level of economic development of the country, its distance from the United States, and the age and income of the individual travelers all had significant positive effects on tourism expenditures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - international tourism expenditures KW - individual travelers KW - econometric models KW - consumer prices KW - demographic characteristics KW - 2013 KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Demographic Characteristics KW - Economics KW - Tourism KW - Traveling KW - Models KW - 2013 DO - 10.1177/0047287512461180 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-05281-006&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - david_riker@verizon.net DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mathews, Kenneth H. AU - Jones, Keithly G. AU - McConnell, Michael J. AU - Johnson, Rachel J. T1 - Trade-adjusted measures of productivity increases in US hog production JO - Agricultural Systems JF - Agricultural Systems Y1 - 2013/01// VL - 114 M3 - Article SP - 32 EP - 37 SN - 0308521X AB - Abstract: The average dressed weight for barrows and gilts slaughtered in the United States has increased 23% since 1977, from an annual average of 163lbs to 201lbs in 2010. This measure of pork production includes pork produced from US born and raised hogs as well as hogs imported from Canada. This paper addresses technological change in US born and raised pork production. Since pork produced from Canadian hogs could distort estimates of technological improvement and other variables describing changes in US born and raised pork production, a method of adjusting production data series for the portion of US pork production that comes from foreign-born hogs is developed. The resulting data are used to estimate the rate of change in average dressed weight, assumed to be due to technical change in the US swine herd. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Agricultural Systems is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PRODUCTION (Economic theory) KW - PORK KW - SWINE KW - ESTIMATES KW - SOWS KW - UNITED States KW - Genetics KW - Hogs KW - Imports KW - Pork KW - Productivity N1 - Accession Number: 83190235; Mathews, Kenneth H. 1 Jones, Keithly G. 1; Email Address: kjones@ers.usda.gov McConnell, Michael J. 2 Johnson, Rachel J. 1; Affiliation: 1: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Markets and Trade Economics Division, Washington, DC, United States 2: US International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, United States; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 114, p32; Subject Term: PRODUCTION (Economic theory); Subject Term: PORK; Subject Term: SWINE; Subject Term: ESTIMATES; Subject Term: SOWS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hogs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imports; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pork; Author-Supplied Keyword: Productivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413160 Red meat and meat product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311611 Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311612 Meat Processed from Carcasses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311614 Rendering and meat processing from carcasses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112210 Hog and Pig Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424520 Livestock Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411110 Live animal merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.agsy.2012.07.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83190235&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - CHAP AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Wei, Shang-Jin AU - Wong, Anna AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Columbia U AD - U Chicago A2 - Sepulveda, Claudia A2 - Harrison, Ann A2 - Lin, Justin Yifu T1 - Does a Leapfrogging Growth Strategy Raise the Growth Rate? Some International Evidence T2 - Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics--Global 2011: Development Challenges in a Postcrisis World PB - Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics series. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Y1 - 2013/// SP - 203 EP - 228 N1 - Accession Number: 1515712; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-8213-8522-7 (pbk); 978-0-8213-8730-6 (e-book); Keywords: Growth; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; MDCs; Selected Countries; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201508 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity J24 KW - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O11 KW - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements O17 KW - Planning Models; Planning Policy O21 KW - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General O30 KW - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence O47 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1515712&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - De La Cruz, Justino AU - Koopman, Robert B. AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Wei, Shang-Jin AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Columbia U A2 - Cheung, Yin-Wong A2 - Westermann, Frank T1 - Estimating Foreign Value-Added in Mexico's Manufacturing Exports T2 - Global Interdependence, Decoupling, and Recoupling PB - CESifo Seminar Series. Cambridge and London: MIT Press Y1 - 2013/// SP - 169 EP - 212 N1 - Accession Number: 1515815; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-262-01980-4; Keywords: Exports; Manufacturing; Geographic Descriptors: Canada; Mexico; NAFTA; Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201508 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements F21 KW - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices L16 KW - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L60 KW - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O14 KW - Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure O18 KW - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes R11 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1515815&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baldwin, Katherine AU - Bonarriva, Joanna AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Feeding the Dragon and the Elephant: How Agricultural Policies and Trading Regimes Influence Consumption in China and India JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2013/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1399762; Keywords: Agricultural Trade; Food; Policy; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201310 N2 - China and India have posted impressive growth rates over the past decade, but face a number of challenges to sustained growth, including bureaucratic hurdles, large swaths of populations in poverty, and policy regimes that are sometimes at odds with global trade norms. These issues factor heavily in the evolving agricultural sectors of each country. Both China's and India's agricultural policies are developed out of a concern for domestic food security, and both nations use that objective as a justification for their policy regimes. But aside from this overarching goal, what do these countries have in common when it comes to agricultural trade? In this paper, we undertake a systematic analysis of the agricultural sectors of China and India, comparing and contrasting both domestic policies and trade regimes, and exploring how these regimes affect agricultural trade levels in both countries. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O24 KW - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture P32 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1399762&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Giamalva, John AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Korea's Demand for U.S. Beef JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2013/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1399761; Keywords: Beef; Cattle; Consumer; Prices; Production; Geographic Descriptors: S. Korea; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201310 N2 - This paper uses a price-adjusted index of demand to estimate the change in Korean consumers' demand for U.S. beef from 2003 through 2011. The paper provides an overview of Korea's consumption, production, and imports of beef over this period, which included Korea's ban on imports of U.S. beef following discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the U.S. cattle herd in December 2003, the signing of the U.S.-Korea Beef Protocol in April 2008, and the subsequent recovery of U.S. beef imports. The paper also includes background information on BSE and Korean consumers' perceptions of the safety of U.S. beef. Korean demand for U.S. beef is estimated to have increased substantially since 2009 (the first full year after signing of the Beef Protocol), but in 2011 remained well below the level observed in 2003. KW - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D12 KW - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits L66 KW - Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices Q11 KW - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness Q13 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1399761&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David AU - Vila-Goulding, Jessica AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Unlisted T1 - The Boom in Brazilians Traveling to the United States JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2013/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1399760; Keywords: Exports; Services; Tourism; Travel; Geographic Descriptors: Brazil; U.S.; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201310 N2 - In this article, we examine the economic factors driving the recent boom in Brazilians traveling to the United States. First, we present several measures of the increase in Brazilian travelers and the consequent increase in U.S. services exports to Brazil. Then, we review the economics literature to identify factors that generally affect international tourism demand, including relative prices and income levels. Finally, we present statistical evidence and popular press accounts indicating the relevance and contribution of each of these factors to the recent boom in international travel from Brazil. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism L83 KW - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration O15 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1399760&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Salem, Samira AU - Benedetto, John AD - Unlisted AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The USITC's Roundtable on the Labor Market Effects of Trade: Discussion Summary JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2013/// SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1399763; Keywords: Business Cycle; Cycle; International Trade; Liberalization; Non-Tariff; Nontariff Barrier; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201310 N2 - On October 4, 2012, the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) hosted a roundtable discussion on the labor market effects of trade. The USITC assembled a group of 29 professionals representing a variety of perspectives and experiences for the roundtable discussion. The participants expressed wide-ranging views on how the business cycle influences the labor market effects of trade liberalization, and on the relationship between offshoring and domestic employment. The discussion highlighted recent methodological advances incorporating transition dynamics to measure the costs that workers face in switching sectors. Participants identified four overarching themes. First, recent empirical research suggests that short-term adjustment costs may be more important than previously thought, so there is a need to incorporate labor mobility into trade models in order to better analyze the effects of trade on labor. Second, research also suggests there is a need for comparative general equilibrium (CGE) modeling efforts to continue to expand into examining trade and labor under conditions of less-than-full employment, as well as to examine the impact on the labor market of reducing nontariff barriers in the services sector. Third, participants called for improved access to data--services data, value-added data, and U.S. firm-level data--and proposed new levels of data analysis, that might allow for research on topics like the possible effects of trade on the quality of jobs. KW - Business Fluctuations; Cycles E32 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Trade and Labor Market Interactions F16 KW - Economic Growth of Open Economies F43 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1399763&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fischer, Carolyn AU - Fox, Alan K. T1 - Climate policy and fiscal constraints: Do tax interactions outweigh carbon leakage? JO - Energy Economics JF - Energy Economics Y1 - 2012/12/02/Dec2012 Supplement 2 VL - 34 M3 - Article SP - S218 EP - S227 SN - 01409883 AB - Abstract: Climate policymaking faces twin challenges of carbon leakage and public sector revenue requirements. A large literature advocates the use of CO2 pricing and recycling the revenues to lower distorting taxes as a way to minimize costs. In this paper, we explore the implications of labor tax interactions for cost-effectiveness of border adjustments and other measures to cope with leakage. We find that, for plausible values of labor supply elasticities, the cost savings from revenue recycling are significant—from 15 to 25%. The cost savings from anti-leakage measures are generally smaller, but also significant, particularly for small coalitions or more binding reduction targets. Tax interactions further enhance the cost savings from border adjustments, but make other measures like rebates or exemptions less attractive. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Energy Economics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Climatic changes KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fiscal policy KW - Public sector KW - Revenue KW - Labor supply KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Border adjustments KW - Carbon leakage KW - Climate policy KW - Q5 KW - Tax interactions N1 - Accession Number: 83653395; Fischer, Carolyn 1; Email Address: fischer@rff.org; Fox, Alan K. 2; Email Address: Alan.Fox@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States; 2: Office of Economics of the United States International Trade Commission (ITC), 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436, United States; Issue Info: Dec2012 Supplement 2, Vol. 34, pS218; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Cost effectiveness; Subject Term: Fiscal policy; Subject Term: Public sector; Subject Term: Revenue; Subject Term: Labor supply; Subject Term: Elasticity (Economics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Border adjustments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon leakage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Q5; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tax interactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561320 Temporary Help Services; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.09.004 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=83653395&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr. AU - McConnell, Michael J. AD - USDA AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Market for U.S. Livestock Feed Proteins JO - Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy JF - Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy Y1 - 2012///Winter VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 555 EP - 569 SN - 20405790 N1 - Accession Number: 1349557; Keywords: Animal Disease; Livestock; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201302 N2 - Parameters that characterize markets for livestock feed ingredients and inform an increasing array of policies motivated by a range of environmental, market, and animal disease issues are largely absent from the literature, which necessitates the use of often misleading assumptions in analyses of proposed feed-market policies. Such parameters are derived here from a theoretically consistent, dual translog cost model of U.S. protein and energy feed markets. Own-price elasticities ranged from a relatively inelastic -0.139 for feedgrains to a relatively elastic -0.568 for meat and bone meal (MBM). The cross elasticity for ethanol co-products and oilseed meals (0.168) is larger than the elasticity with co-products and feedgrains (0.024). Higher prices for protein feeds likely result in some substitution of feed grains for some protein (e.g. corn by oilseed meals = 0.125), which may also partially account for the relatively small feedgrains cross elasticity. Policies implemented as a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy adversely affected the share of total costs attributed to MBM, but had a positive effect on oilseed meal cost share. KW - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness Q13 KW - Agricultural R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services Q16 L3 - http://aepp.oxfordjournals.org/ UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1349557&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://aepp.oxfordjournals.org/ DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benedetto, John B. T1 - Implications and Interpretations of Value-Added Trade Balances. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2012/11// VL - 4 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 39 EP - 53 SN - 21526877 AB - Recent academic work has suggested that China's exports to the United States contain a large portion of non-Chinese value added. This paper looks at what the findings of this work could suggest for U.S. and Chinese trade balances, provides some theoretical cautions in interpreting valueadded trade findings, and applies those cautions to U.S. and Chinese trade balances. The paper begins by showing that a country's reported trade balance with the world is always the same as its value-added trade balance with the world. Thus, to the extent that China's net exports to the United States are lower on a value-added than on a reported basis, China's net exports to some other countries must be correspondingly higher on a value-added basis than on a reported basis. China must also have a substantially smaller market for imported final goods than reported import data suggest. Additionally, the paper discusses data and theoretical issues in comparing Chinese value added to value added in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - VALUE added (Marketing) KW - BALANCE of trade KW - EXPORTS KW - COMMERCIAL products -- Export & import trade KW - CHINA -- Foreign economic relations -- United States KW - UNITED States KW - CHINA N1 - Accession Number: 83914556; Benedetto, John B. 1; Email Address: John.Benedetto@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436; Issue Info: Nov2012, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p39; Thesaurus Term: VALUE added (Marketing); Thesaurus Term: BALANCE of trade; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTS; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL products -- Export & import trade; Subject Term: CHINA -- Foreign economic relations -- United States; Subject: UNITED States; Subject: CHINA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523130 Commodity Contracts Dealing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523140 Commodity Contracts Brokerage; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=83914556&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Powers, William T1 - The Value of Value Added. Measuring global engagement with gross and value-added trade. JO - World Economics JF - World Economics Y1 - 2012/10//Oct-Dec2012 VL - 13 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 19 EP - 37 SN - 14681838 AB - The article focuses on the global integration and importance of value-added data in the value of exports. It states that global value-added data illustrates the position and role of each country in global supply chains. It also discusses the limitations of value-added analysis, the attribution of trade statistics on the final exports in the U.S., and the construction of the inter-country input-output tables in measuring value-added data. KW - VALUE added (Marketing) KW - VALUE chains KW - SUPPLY chains KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - EXPORTS KW - CHARTS, diagrams, etc. KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 84339878; Powers, William 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Division of the US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Oct-Dec2012, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p19; Thesaurus Term: VALUE added (Marketing); Thesaurus Term: VALUE chains; Thesaurus Term: SUPPLY chains; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTS; Thesaurus Term: CHARTS, diagrams, etc.; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=84339878&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Valenda, Daniel E. T1 - APPEALS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION: WHAT STANDING REQUIREMENT? JO - Berkeley Technology Law Journal JF - Berkeley Technology Law Journal Y1 - 2012///Fall2012 VL - 27 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 1171 EP - 1200 PB - University of California School of Law SN - 10863818 AB - The U.S. International Trade Commission ("ITC") is one of the world's most influential intellectual property adjudicators. Based on its enabling statute, 19 U.S.C. § 1337 ("section 337"), the ITC may use its power to issue exclusion orders to bar importation of goods that infringe U.S. patents. Section 337 includes what appears to be an express standing requirement, which provides that "[ajny person adversely affected by a final determination of the Commission . . . may appeal such determination" to the Federal Circuit. On its face, this language is broad, but it is unclear how this provision fits with the case or controversy requirement of Article III of the U.S. Constitution. This Article explores the question of whether a party has standing to appeal an ITC determination to include or omit certain patent claims in an exclusion order, a question that, until recendy, had a straightforward answer: ITC complainants always have standing while ITC respondents usually have standing. As illustrated by recent, conflicting decisions, the Federal Circuit is struggling with the scope of ITC exclusion orders as well as questions about the standing doctrine in appeals from ITC determinations. At least for the time being, the Federal Circuit has suggested that the question of whether the ITC's grant or denial of exclusion has an "immediate practical effect" on the appellant is central in determining whether that potential appellant has standing to appeal from the ITC to the Federal Circuit. Nevertheless, given the unsettled state of the law, these questions will likely be the subject of future litigation. This Article analyzes the recent case law and sets forth why the Federal Circuit should resist making the standing requirement in ITC appeals difficult to meet, both as a matter of law and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Berkeley Technology Law Journal is the property of University of California School of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTELLECTUAL property KW - ACTIONS & defenses (Law) KW - JUDGE-made law KW - GOVERNMENT policy KW - UNITED States International Trade Commission KW - UNITED States. Constitution N1 - Accession Number: 84131675; Valenda, Daniel E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Attorney, U.S. International Trade Commission; Source Info: Fall2012, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p1171; Subject Term: INTELLECTUAL property; Subject Term: ACTIONS & defenses (Law); Subject Term: JUDGE-made law; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Company/Entity: UNITED States International Trade Commission Company/Entity: UNITED States. Constitution; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84131675&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - JUNKER, JOEL R.1 T1 - U.S. COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE CASES IN 2011 IN PENALTY AND LIQUIDATED DAMAGES COLLECTION ACTIONS UNDER 28 U.S.C. § 1582 AND ITS FIRST GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CASE UNDER 28 U.S.C. § 1581(e). JO - Georgetown Journal of International Law JF - Georgetown Journal of International Law J1 - Georgetown Journal of International Law PY - 2012///Fall2012 Y1 - 2012///Fall2012 VL - 44 IS - 1 CP - 1 M3 - Article SP - 173 EP - 209 SN - 15505200 AB - The article presents information on decisions of the court cases related to penalty and liquidated damages collection under § 1581(e) and § 1582 of the 28 U.S.C. of the U.S. Trade Act of 1974 issued by the U.S. Court of International Trade. It informs of the first exclusive jurisdictional decision on the challenges of foreign trade regulations under the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of 1979. It discusses the court case Xerox Corp. v. United States related to the pursuant determinations. KW - Fines (Penalties) KW - Liquidated damages KW - Foreign trade regulation KW - Commercial treaties KW - United States. Court of International Trade KW - Xerox Corp. N1 - Accession Number: 86957490; Authors:JUNKER, JOEL R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Assistant General Counsel for Litigation, U.S. International Trade Commission; Subject: Fines (Penalties); Subject: Liquidated damages; Subject: United States. Court of International Trade; Subject: Foreign trade regulation; Subject: Commercial treaties; Subject: Xerox Corp.; Number of Pages: 37p; Court Cases: Xerox Corp. v. United States; 753 F. Supp. 2d 1355 (Ct. Int'l Trade 2011); United States v. Great American Insurance Co. of New York; 791 F. Supp. 2d 1337 (Ct. Int'l Trade 2011); Statute:Trade Agreements Act of 1979; Section 305(b) (1); Jurisdiction:United States; Record Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lft&AN=86957490&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lft ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riker, David T1 - Special 301 and Royalty Receipts from U.S. Trade Partners. JO - International Trade Journal JF - International Trade Journal Y1 - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012 VL - 26 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 309 EP - 325 PB - Routledge SN - 08853908 AB - Every year, the United States evaluates the protection of intellectual property rights in foreign markets in the context of its Special 301 review. U.S. trading partners that are found to provide inadequate protection are designated as priority countries. This article quantifies the increase in U.S. receipts of royalties and license fees from countries after they were designated as Special 301 priorities, using an econometric model of U.S. royalty receipts from 33 countries over the period 2001–2008. The priority designations between 2001 and 2007 are associated with a cumulative $5.4 billion increase in annual U.S. royalty receipts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Trade Journal is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTELLECTUAL property KW - PROPERTY rights KW - PARTNERSHIP (Business) KW - COMMERCIAL policy KW - ECONOMETRIC models KW - ROYALTIES (Copyright) KW - FOREIGN exchange market KW - UNITED States KW - intellectual property rights KW - royalties KW - trade in services KW - trade policy N1 - Accession Number: 79240397; Riker, David 1; Email Address: david_riker@verizon.net; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p309; Thesaurus Term: INTELLECTUAL property; Thesaurus Term: PROPERTY rights; Thesaurus Term: PARTNERSHIP (Business); Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL policy; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMETRIC models; Thesaurus Term: ROYALTIES (Copyright); Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange market; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: intellectual property rights; Author-Supplied Keyword: royalties; Author-Supplied Keyword: trade in services; Author-Supplied Keyword: trade policy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/08853908.2012.701571 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=79240397&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koopman, Robert AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Wei, Shang-Jin AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Columbia U T1 - Estimating Domestic Content in Exports When Processing Trade Is Pervasive JO - Journal of Development Economics JF - Journal of Development Economics Y1 - 2012/09// VL - 99 IS - 1 SP - 178 EP - 189 SN - 03043878 N1 - Accession Number: 1316107; Keywords: Exports; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201208 N2 - For many questions, it is crucial to know the extent of domestic value added (DVA) in a country's exports, but the computation is more complicated when processing trade is pervasive. We propose a method for computing domestic and foreign contents that allows for processing trade. By applying our framework to Chinese data, we estimate that the share of domestic content in its manufactured exports was about 50% before China's WTO membership, and has risen to nearly 60% since then. There are also interesting variations across sectors. Those sectors that are likely labeled as relatively sophisticated such as electronic devices have particularly low domestic content (about 30% or less). KW - Model Construction and Estimation C51 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043878 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1316107&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.12.004 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043878 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fischer, Carolyn AU - Fox, Alan K. T1 - Comparing policies to combat emissions leakage: Border carbon adjustments versus rebates JO - Journal of Environmental Economics & Management JF - Journal of Environmental Economics & Management Y1 - 2012/09// VL - 64 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 199 EP - 216 SN - 00950696 AB - Abstract: We explore conditions determining which anti-leakage policies might be more effective complements to domestic greenhouse gas emissions regulation. We consider four policies that could be combined with unilateral emissions pricing to counter effects on international competitiveness: a border charge on imports, a border rebate for exports, full border adjustment, and domestic output-based rebating. Each option faces different potential legal hurdles in international trade law; each also has different economic impacts. While all can support competitiveness, none is necessarily effective at reducing global emissions. Nor is it possible to rank order the options; effectiveness depends on the relative emissions rates, elasticities of substitution, and consumption volumes. We illustrate these results with simulations for the energy-intensive sectors of three different economies, the United States, Canada and Europe. Although most controversial, full border adjustment is usually most effective, but output-based rebating for key manufacturing sectors can achieve many of the gains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Environmental Economics & Management is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GREENHOUSE gases KW - REBATES KW - EMISSION control KW - COMPETITION (Economics) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - ELASTICITY (Economics) KW - CONSUMPTION (Economics) KW - COMPARATIVE studies KW - Border adjustment KW - Climate KW - Emissions leakage KW - Environmental tax KW - Rebate N1 - Accession Number: 79032921; Fischer, Carolyn 1; Email Address: fischer@rff.org Fox, Alan K. 2; Affiliation: 1: Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA 2: Office of Economics of the United States International Trade Commission (ITC), Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 64 Issue 2, p199; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: REBATES; Subject Term: EMISSION control; Subject Term: COMPETITION (Economics); Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Subject Term: ELASTICITY (Economics); Subject Term: CONSUMPTION (Economics); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Border adjustment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions leakage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental tax; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rebate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jeem.2012.01.005 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79032921&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-14028-016 AN - 2012-14028-016 AU - Somaya, Deepak AU - McDaniel, Christine A. T1 - Tribunal specialization and institutional targeting in patent enforcement. JF - Organization Science JO - Organization Science Y1 - 2012/05//May-Jun, 2012 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 869 EP - 887 CY - US PB - Institute for Operations Research & the Management Sciences (INFORMS) SN - 1047-7039 SN - 1526-5455 AD - Somaya, Deepak, College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, US, 61820 N1 - Accession Number: 2012-14028-016. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Somaya, Deepak; College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, US. Release Date: 20120910. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Decision Making; Organizational Behavior; Patents. Minor Descriptor: Professional Ethics. Classification: Organizational Behavior (3660). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 19. Issue Publication Date: May-Jun, 2012. Publication History: First Posted Date: Jun 17, 2011. Copyright Statement: INFORMS. 2012. AB - Recent scholarship on nonmarket strategies has sought to understand organizational decisions to target specific institutional venues for nonmarket actions. We contribute to this emerging literature by studying institutional targeting between specialized and general-purpose tribunals, which are available to resolve disputes in a number of settings. Whereas prior work on institutional targeting has primarily focused on the differences in the policy preferences of public actors and the susceptibility of policy positions to influence activities, we focus on the differences in expertise and procedural flexibility that typically accompany tribunal specialization. We develop a theory about targeting decisions (forum shopping) in such contexts, which suggests two main drivers of tribunal targeting—expected settlement and expected returns. Drawing on these mechanisms, we formulate hypotheses linking tribunal targeting decisions to firm-level attributes such as (market) strategic stakes, institutional distance from competitors, and tribunal-specific capabilities. Our hypotheses are tested using a novel data set of patent enforcement against U.S. imports, which also sheds light on nonmarket strategies in patents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - tribunal specialization KW - institutional targeting KW - patent enforcement KW - 2012 KW - Decision Making KW - Organizational Behavior KW - Patents KW - Professional Ethics KW - 2012 DO - 10.1287/orsc.1110.0669 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-14028-016&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - christine.mcdaniel@usitc.gov UR - dsomaya@illinois.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lundquist, Kathryn AU - Stekler, Herman O. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - George Washington U T1 - Interpreting the Performance of Business Economists during the Great Recession JO - Business Economics JF - Business Economics Y1 - 2012/04// VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - 148 EP - 154 SN - 0007666X N1 - Accession Number: 1304323; Keywords: Economics; Economists; Forecast; Recession; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201207 N2 - It is generally believed that the recession of 2007-09 was not foreseen by business economists. Is this perceived view accurate? We explore this issue by examining business economists' published statements about economic conditions. We compare these qualitative forecasts with the Beige Book. We conclude that both sets of data are similar and that business economists are responsive to information about the economy and adjust their predictions quickly. KW - Role of Economics; Role of Economists A11 KW - Business Fluctuations; Cycles E32 KW - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications E37 L3 - http://www.palgrave-journals.com/be/archive/index.html UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1304323&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.palgrave-journals.com/be/archive/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fukui, Tani AU - McDaniel, Christine T1 - Services Liberalization and Computable General Equilibrium Modeling: Beyond Tariff Equivalents. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2012/03// VL - 4 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 22 SN - 21526877 AB - The services sector is the next frontier in trade liberalization, and progress in this area is likely to bring enormous economic gain to developed and developing economies. A major impediment to services trade liberalization, however, is the lack of rigorous analytical work on its potential impact. Our aim in this paper is to propel the policy relevant research forward. Restrictions on services trade are far more complex than those on goods. While goods trade liberalization is relatively straightforward to model and its implications are fairly well understood, the same is not true for services. Services trade policy is often opaque and does not fit easily into computational models. Our survey of the current literature reveals a set of stylized facts that we hope will be useful in this area of computable general equilibrium modeling research: (1) barriers to trade in services are complex and heterogeneous across sectors; (2) services have significant effects on downstream industries; (3) market structure assumptions are crucial; (4) foreign presence is often necessary for services trade; and (5) many barriers are entry or fixed cost barriers that restrict foreign and domestic new entrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FREE trade KW - EQUILIBRIUM (Economics) KW - TARIFF KW - COMMERCIAL policy KW - INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) KW - SERVICE industries N1 - Accession Number: 73981559; Fukui, Tani 1; Email Address: Tani.Fukui@usitc.gov; McDaniel, Christine 1; Email Address: Christine.McDaniel@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Economists, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: FREE trade; Thesaurus Term: EQUILIBRIUM (Economics); Thesaurus Term: TARIFF; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL policy; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: SERVICE industries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423850 Service Establishment Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=73981559&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN ID - BAS823477 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - China's agricultural trade: competitive conditions and effects on United States exports NT - describes and analyzes government policies and other factors that affect the conditions of competition in China's agricultural markets and trade T2 - Devine, Mark T., ed. Agricultural trade in China. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2012. viii, 300p. (China in the 21st century) PY - 2012/01/01 SP - 1 EP - 270 SN - 978-1-62100-602-2 N1 - Accession Number: BAS823477. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book Chapter. Publication Type: Book Chapter. Date: 2012; Pages: 1-270. KW - agricultural imports KW - agricultural exports KW - consumption KW - production KW - government regulations KW - competitive factors KW - tariffs KW - nontariff measures KW - free trade agreements KW - economic modeling KW - commodities KW - labor costs KW - government support KW - land tenure system KW - fragmented transportation KW - cold storage infrastructure KW - policy KW - labor supply KW - government programs LA - English UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS823477&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - CHAP AU - Koopman, Robert B. AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Huang, Wei-Chiao A2 - Zhou, Huizhong T1 - U.S.-China Economic Relations and Value Chains in Global Production Networks T2 - Dragon versus Eagle: The Chinese Economy and U.S.-China Relations PB - Kalamazoo, Mich.: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research Y1 - 2012/// SP - 17 EP - 78 N1 - Accession Number: 1427709; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-88099-404-0 (cloth); 978-0-88099-403-3 (pbk); Keywords: Network; Geographic Descriptors: China; Global; Selected Countries; U.S.; WTO; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201404 KW - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis D57 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Law K33 KW - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks L14 KW - Organization of Production L23 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1427709&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fukui, Tani AU - McDaniel, Christine AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Services Liberalization and Computable General Equilibrium Modeling: Beyond Tariff Equivalents JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2012/// VL - 4 SP - 1 EP - 22 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1306441; Keywords: Liberalization; Policy; Services; Tariff; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201207 N2 - The services sector is the next frontier in trade liberalization, and progress in this area is likely to bring enormous economic gain to developed and developing economies. A major impediment to services trade liberalization, however, is the lack of rigorous analytical work on its potential impact. Our aim in this paper is to propel the policy relevant research forward. Restrictions on services trade are far more complex than those on goods. While goods trade liberalization is relatively straightforward to model and its implications are fairly well understood, the same is not true for services. Services trade policy is often opaque and does not fit easily into computational models. Our survey of the current literature reveals a set of stylized facts that we hope will be useful in this area of computable general equilibrium modeling research: (1) barriers to trade in services are complex and heterogeneous across sectors; (2) services have significant effects on downstream industries; (3) market structure assumptions are crucial; (4) foreign presence is often necessary for services trade; and (5) many barriers are entry or fixed cost barriers that restrict foreign and domestic new entrants. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Industry Studies: Services: General L80 KW - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General L90 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1306441&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nesbitt, Elizabeth R. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - China's Vision for Renewable Energy: The Status of Bioenergy and Bioproduct Research and Commercialization JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2012/// VL - 4 SP - 23 EP - 55 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1306442 Partial authors List; ; Keywords: Energy; Food; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201207 N2 - The Chinese government is vigorously promoting commercialization of renewable energy and bioproducts, given environmental issues plus food, energy, and national security concerns, according to Chinese industry experts at the August 2010 "China Bioenergy Workshop" and its related technical tours. Goals include replacing 15 percent of conventional energy with renewable energy by 2020 and providing necessary investment of about $800 billion. Government policies cited include financing (given the lack of venture capital); financial and taxation incentives; carbon taxes and credits; and mandatory usage requirements, but the speakers said more can and will be done. Although not yet released at the time of the workshop, the speakers expected the 12th 5-Year Plan to expand the momentum generated under the 11th 5-Year Plan. This article highlights novel issues gleaned from the experts' unique, "on-the-ground perspective" of current and future bioenergy and bioproduct research and commercialization in China. KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment P28 KW - Alternative Energy Sources Q42 KW - Energy: Government Policy Q48 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1306442&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yinug, Falan AU - Mabile, Natalie AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The U.S. International Trade Commission's High-Technology Trade Roundtable: Discussion Summary JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2012/// VL - 4 SP - 57 EP - 63 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1306443; Keywords: International Trade; Technology; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201207 N2 - On June 22, 2011, the U.S. International Trade Commission hosted a roundtable discussion on high-technology trade and issues related to it. The roundtable drew participation from industry, government, and think tank representatives who provided their views on a number of current and future high-tech trade issues. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights: General O30 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1306443&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benedetto, John B. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Can We Apply Lessons from the German Trade Balance with China to the United States? JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2012/// VL - 4 SP - 65 EP - 88 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1306444; Keywords: Exports; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; Germany; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201207 N2 - In recent years, Germany has had higher per capita exports to China than the United States has had. Some policymakers and analysts have argued that the United States should attempt to replicate Germany's success in exporting manufactured products to China, or that Germany's relative success at exporting to China refutes those who attribute the U.S. trade deficit with China to Chinese government policies. This paper analyzes trade data and finds that a majority of Germany's exports to China likely consist of: (1) mechanical and electrical intermediate and capital goods that are likely used in China's exports to other countries and (2) luxury cars. The paper then argues that, given this export profile, Germany's example does not offer a way for the United States to substantially reduce its trade deficit with China in a manner consistent with reducing global imbalances, and is potentially consistent with a model of the world in which some governments' policies exacerbate global imbalances. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1306444&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AU - Liu, Xuepeng AU - Wang, Zhi AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Kennesaw State U AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Evasion Behaviors of Exporters and Importers: Evidence from the U.S.-China Trade Data Discrepancy JO - Journal of International Economics JF - Journal of International Economics Y1 - 2012/01// VL - 86 IS - 1 SP - 141 EP - 157 SN - 00221996 N1 - Accession Number: 1278318; Keywords: Exports; Import; Tariff; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201201 N2 - Since the late 1990s, reported U.S. imports from China and Hong Kong have regularly and increasingly exceeded reported exports of China and Hong Kong to the United States. This discrepancy, which is not caused by re-exporting through Hong Kong, varies by product categories, and in some cases takes the opposite sign. In this paper, we focus on China's direct exports to the United States. Using a model that allows for simultaneous misreporting to two authorities, we find strong statistical evidence of under-reporting exports at the Chinese border to avoid paying value-added tax (VAT). The value of VAT avoided is estimated at $6.5 billion during 2002-2008, and the associated understatements account for approximately two-thirds of the discrepancy. We also provide evidence of tariff evasion at the U.S. border, in particular for related-party transactions, and indirect evidence of transfer pricing and evasion of Chinese capital controls. An estimated $2 billion of U.S. tariff revenue is lost due to such evasion during 2002-2008, which reduces the apparent size of the statistical discrepancy. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221996 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1278318&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.08.006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221996 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AU - Feinberg, Robert M. AU - Deason, Lauren T1 - Quality Competition and Pricing-to-Market: A Unified Framework for the Analysis of Bilateral Unit Values. JO - Southern Economic Journal JF - Southern Economic Journal Y1 - 2012/01// VL - 78 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 860 EP - 877 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. SN - 00384038 AB - This article presents a unified framework for analyzing two factors that have been independently studied as determinants of unit values in international trade: product differentiation by quality (which suggests that unit values should be positively correlated with exporters' per capita income) and pricing-to-market (which suggests they should be positively correlated with importers' per capita income). No previous work has considered both exporter and importer income effects and allowed these effects to vary by product. On a large sample of bilateral unit values for 2005, we find that about 56% of all Harmonized System (HS)-6 products demonstrate both significant exporter-income effects and importer-income effects, with the former predominating in prevalence and magnitude. Distance-related effects appearing directly in prices appear significantly larger than one would expect as a result of shipping margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Southern Economic Journal is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PRICING KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - COMMERCE KW - INTERNATIONAL economic relations KW - COMPETITION N1 - Accession Number: 70698112; Ferrantino, Michael J. 1; Email Address: Michael.Ferrantino@usitc.gov; Feinberg, Robert M. 2; Email Address: feinber@american.edu; Deason, Lauren 3; Email Address: l.deason@cgiar.org; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Economics, Research Division, 500 E Street SW, Washington, D.C. 20436, USA; 2: American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016-8029, USA; 3: University of Maryland and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20006-1002; Issue Info: Jan2012, Vol. 78 Issue 3, p860; Thesaurus Term: PRICING; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCE; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic relations; Subject Term: COMPETITION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8126 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=70698112&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. T1 - Global Value Chains in a Postcrisis World: A Development Perspective. JO - World Trade Review JF - World Trade Review Y1 - 2012/01// VL - 11 IS - 1 M3 - Book Review SP - 162 EP - 165 SN - 14747456 AB - The article reviews the book "Global Value Chains in a Postcrisis World: A Development Perspective," edited by Olivier Cattaneo, Gary Geref, and Cornelia Starlitz. KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - NONFICTION KW - CATTANEO, Olivier KW - GEREF, Gary KW - STARLITZ, Cornelia KW - GLOBAL Value Chains in a Postcrisis World: A Development Perspective (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 70892108; Ferrantino, Michael J. 1; Affiliations: 1: US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Jan2012, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p162; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: GLOBAL Value Chains in a Postcrisis World: A Development Perspective (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; People: CATTANEO, Olivier; People: GEREF, Gary; People: STARLITZ, Cornelia; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Book Review L3 - 10.1017/S1474745611000425 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=70892108&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - UNPB AU - Ralph, Ralph AU - Reynolds, Kara AD - Department of Economics, American University and U.S. International Trade Commission AD - Department of Economics, American University T1 - Determinants of Cross Border Merger Premia PB - American University, Department of Economics, Working Papers: 2012-13 Y1 - 2012/// AV - Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org N1 - Accession Number: 1330007; Keywords: Cross-Border Mergers; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201210 N2 - Firms have a broad range of rationales for engaging in cross border mergers and other forms of foreign direct investment; while some companies are in search of the cost advantages provided by foreign resources, other firms are primarily interested in gaining access to new markets. Although a significant amount of research has explored the patterns of FDI, little work has been done to assess what influences the value of cross border mergers and, in particular, what determines why some cross-border mergers are expected to result in higher synergies when compared to others. This paper explores what characteristics of a merger are expected to increase the synergies that a firm will accrue from a cross border merger by testing how a variety of factors impact the premiums paid to effectuate a cross border merger. We find that firms are willing to pay a higher premium to obtain greater control over foreign firms, and that this control is even more important in mergers involving firms in emerging markets. We also find that the factors affecting deal premiums in cross border mergers differ based on whether the acquirer has a high or low intangible asset intensity level. KW - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance G34 L3 - http://www.american.edu/cas/economics/pdf/upload/2012-13.pdf UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1330007&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.american.edu/cas/economics/pdf/upload/2012-13.pdf DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Signoret, José E. T1 - On Cargo Security Measures and Trade Costs. JO - Global Economy Journal JF - Global Economy Journal Y1 - 2011/10// VL - 11 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 SN - 15535304 AB - Can tighter cargo security measures lead to higher trade costs and increased trade frictions? This paper examines the impact of the Container Security Initiative (CSI), implemented by the United States in several foreign ports after the September 11 terrorist attacks. It analyzes monthly data for all containerized U.S. imports from 1999 to 2006, by foreign port and country of origin. The analysis exploits these longitudinal data at the port-level and the varying starting dates across CSI ports to identify the causal effect of the initiative. While higher import charges over time are observed, the results find no significant evidence of a "CSI effect" on either import costs or import flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Global Economy Journal is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COST KW - CARGO handling KW - ECONOMIC impact KW - IMPORTS KW - TERRORISM KW - SECURITY measures KW - LONGITUDINAL method KW - UNITED States KW - terrorist attacks KW - trade costs N1 - Accession Number: 67309659; Signoret, José E. 1; Email Address: jose.signoret@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 3, preceding p1; Thesaurus Term: COST; Thesaurus Term: CARGO handling; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC impact; Thesaurus Term: IMPORTS; Subject Term: TERRORISM; Subject Term: SECURITY measures; Subject Term: LONGITUDINAL method; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrorist attacks; Author-Supplied Keyword: trade costs; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2202/1524-5861.1733 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=67309659&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christ, Nannette AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. T1 - Land Transport for Export: The Effects of Cost, Time, and Uncertainty in Sub-Saharan Africa JO - World Development JF - World Development Y1 - 2011/10// VL - 39 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1749 EP - 1759 SN - 0305750X AB - Summary: In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), inland export transport costs and time delays are much higher for landlocked countries, vary substantially between different geographic corridors, and exhibit substantial uncertainty. Unit costs and costs of time for land transport of exports are high for many agricultural products relative to metals and other high-value products. We illustrate systemic uncertainty in land and maritime transport for exporting by use of simulation. Relationships among uncertainty, infrastructure quality, and other features of logistics systems are highly non-linear, and can be potentially used to identify priorities for trade facilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of World Development is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TRAVEL costs KW - TIME delay systems KW - FARM produce KW - EXPORTS KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - TRADE regulation KW - SHIPPING (Water transportation) KW - SUB-Saharan Africa KW - export costs KW - land transport KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - trade costs KW - uncertainty costs N1 - Accession Number: 65345046; Christ, Nannette 1 Ferrantino, Michael J. 1; Affiliation: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p1749; Subject Term: TRAVEL costs; Subject Term: TIME delay systems; Subject Term: FARM produce; Subject Term: EXPORTS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TRADE regulation; Subject Term: SHIPPING (Water transportation); Subject Term: SUB-Saharan Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: export costs; Author-Supplied Keyword: land transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-Saharan Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: trade costs; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty costs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424590 Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 493130 Farm Product Warehousing and Storage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488511 Marine shipping agencies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 483115 Deep sea, coastal and Great Lakes water transportation (except by ferries); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488390 Other Support Activities for Water Transportation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.04.028 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65345046&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dean, Judith M. AU - Fung, K. C. AU - Wang, Zhi AD - Brandeis U AD - U CA, Santa Cruz AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Measuring Vertical Specialization: The Case of China JO - Review of International Economics JF - Review of International Economics Y1 - 2011/09// VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 609 EP - 625 SN - 09657576 N1 - Accession Number: 1263962; Keywords: Exports; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201110 N2 - The explosive growth of Chinese trade may be due to international production fragmentation, but few have assessed these phenomena together, in part, because it is difficult to measure the vertical specialization (VS) of China's trade. Unique features of China's processing trade cause both identification of imported inputs and their allocation across sectors to vary by trade regime. This paper estimates the VS of Chinese merchandise exports, addressing these two challenges. A new method to identify Chinese imported inputs is developed, and used to calculate VS by sector and destination. VS estimates based on the official Chinese input-output table are contrasted with those based on a split table, capturing processing and normal exports separately. Last, the paper tests whether Chinese "export sophistication" can be explained by VS. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Firm Organization and Market Structure L22 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population P23 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9396/issues UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1263962&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9396/issues DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gotor, Elisabetta AU - Tsigas, Marinos E. T1 - The impact of the EU sugar trade reform on poor households in developing countries: A general equilibrium analysis JO - Journal of Policy Modeling JF - Journal of Policy Modeling Y1 - 2011/07// VL - 33 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 568 EP - 582 SN - 01618938 AB - Abstract: We use a modified version of the applied general equilibrium model GTAP, called GTAPMH, to evaluate the impact of a reduction in the EU''s support price for sugar on income distribution of African households. For LDC countries, non-ACP but participant in the EBA initiative a +2% change is indicated in term of income generation across all ten social strata identified within GTAPMH framework, with positive percentage changes in supply prices at household level of endowment commodities, and positive percentage changes in price indices for private household expenditures. The big losers will be those countries that would no longer be able to compete at an international level as a result of the lost preferences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Policy Modeling is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SUGAR industry KW - EQUILIBRIUM (Economics) KW - NUTRITION policy KW - HOUSEHOLDS KW - INCOME distribution KW - AGRICULTURE & state KW - DEVELOPING countries KW - ACP countries KW - EU sugar regime reform KW - Everything but arms initiative KW - Income distribution KW - Poor households KW - Welfare effects KW - EUROPEAN Union N1 - Accession Number: 61237417; Gotor, Elisabetta 1; Email Address: e.gotor@cgiar.org Tsigas, Marinos E. 2; Email Address: marinos.tsigas@ucitc.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a 00057 Maccarese, Rome, Italy 2: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, United States; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p568; Subject Term: SUGAR industry; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM (Economics); Subject Term: NUTRITION policy; Subject Term: HOUSEHOLDS; Subject Term: INCOME distribution; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE & state; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: ACP countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: EU sugar regime reform; Author-Supplied Keyword: Everything but arms initiative; Author-Supplied Keyword: Income distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poor households; Author-Supplied Keyword: Welfare effects; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Union; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926140 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 814110 Private Households; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311314 Cane Sugar Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311310 Sugar manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2010.10.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61237417&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fischer, Carolyn AU - Fox, Alan K. AD - Resources for the Future, Washington, DC AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Role of Trade and Competitiveness Measures in US Climate Policy JO - American Economic Review JF - American Economic Review Y1 - 2011/05// VL - 101 IS - 3 SP - 258 EP - 262 SN - 00028282 N1 - Accession Number: 1229064; Keywords: Climate; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201105 N2 - We review the proposed measures for addressing competitiveness and carbon leakage concerns in recent US climate policy legislation. For eligible energy-intensive, trade-exposed sectors, output-based rebates would initially dampen cost increases; later, border adjustments would ensure that imports face comparable cost burdens. Both measures can in theory enhance the economic efficiency of carbon reduction efforts, but both pose some interesting economic and practical trade-offs. This paper discusses our recent research into the welfare and carbon leakage effects of using output-based allocation and trade measures in conjunction with climate policies. KW - Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming Q54 KW - Environmental Economics: Government Policy Q58 L3 - http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1229064&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.258 UR - http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Linton, Katherine AU - Torsekar, Mihir T1 - Innovation in Biotechnology Seeds: Public and Private Initiatives in India and China. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2011/05// VL - 3 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 189 EP - 222 SN - 21526877 AB - This paper compares and contrasts how innovation-the successful introduction of new products, services, or techniques-is occurring in biotechnology seeds in China and India. We begin with an overview of the agricultural challenges faced by China and India and the substantial investments that both countries are making in agricultural research and development (R&D) and biotechnology to address these challenges. We next describe each country's approach to three factors identified by industry as important to innovation in biotech seeds: market access, intellectual property (IP) protection, and efficient regulatory review processes. We find substantial problems in all three areas including limited market access for foreign firms in China and significant price caps in India; limitations and gaps in IP protection and enforcement; and lengthy delays in regulatory review. We conclude with a case study highlighting how the three factors shaped the introduction and adoption of the first widely commercialized biotech crop in China and India, Bt cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - PRICE regulation KW - AGRICULTURAL sociology KW - SEEDS KW - INDIA KW - CHINA N1 - Accession Number: 65358856; Linton, Katherine 1; Email Address: Katherine.linton@usitc.gov; Torsekar, Mihir; Affiliations: 1: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436; Issue Info: May2011, Vol. 3 Issue 1, p189; Thesaurus Term: BIOTECHNOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: PRICE regulation; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL sociology; Subject Term: SEEDS; Subject: INDIA; Subject: CHINA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926150 Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424910 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411190 Other farm product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418320 Seed merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=65358856&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - CARYL, Benjamin Blase T1 - Is China's Currency Regime A Countervailable Subsidy? JO - Journal of World Trade JF - Journal of World Trade Y1 - 2011/02// VL - 45 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 187 EP - 219 SN - 10116702 AB - Members of Congress are currently threatening to enact legislation authorizing the US Department of Commerce to investigate China's allegedly undervalued currency as a countervailable subsidy. If this happens, then China will very likely challenge the United States at the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) dispute settlement mechanism. This paper analyses whether a countervailing duty (CVD) applied to China's currency regime would be consistent with the WTO's Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) Agreement. Contrary to many commentaries, this paper concludes that, while there are several significant potential obstacles, there are in fact legitimate arguments that a WTO panel could use to uphold a US-imposed CVD on China's undervalued currency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of World Trade is the property of Kluwer Law International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MONEY KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - SUBSIDIES KW - UNITED States KW - CHINA KW - UNITED States. Dept. of Commerce KW - WORLD Trade Organization N1 - Accession Number: 57737767; CARYL, Benjamin Blase 1; Email Address: Benjamin.caryl@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Counsel to Charlotte R. Lane, Commissioner of the US International Trade Commission (USITC); Issue Info: Feb2011, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p187; Thesaurus Term: MONEY; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: SUBSIDIES; Subject: UNITED States; Subject: CHINA ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Commerce ; Company/Entity: WORLD Trade Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=57737767&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - CHAP AU - Deason, Lauren AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AD - U MD and US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development T1 - Determinants of Diffusion and Downstreaming of Technology-Intensive Products in International Trade T2 - Globalisation, Comparative Advantage and the Changing Dynamics of Trade PB - Paris and Washington, D.C.: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Y1 - 2011/// SP - 261 EP - 294 N1 - Accession Number: 1345966; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-92-64-11307-7; Keywords: Diffusion; International Trade; Technology; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Asia; Europe; Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201301 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks L14 KW - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment L63 KW - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments L64 KW - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology L65 KW - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes O33 KW - Technological Change: Government Policy O38 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1345966&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Kent, Paul AU - Fox, Alan AD - Nathan Associates Inc AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Cullinane, Kevin T1 - Is Puerto Limon a Real Lemon? Port Inefficiency and Its Impact T2 - International Handbook of Maritime Economics PB - Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Y1 - 2011/// SP - 405 EP - 438 N1 - Accession Number: 1312563; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-84720-933-7; Keywords: Ports; Geographic Descriptors: Colombia; Costa Rica; LDCs; Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201208 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Other Consumer Nondurables L67 KW - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation L92 KW - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O14 KW - Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure O18 KW - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise R41 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1312563&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hammer, Alexander B. AU - Koopman, Robert AU - Martinez, Andrew AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - IMF T1 - Overview of U.S.-China Trade in Advanced Technology Products JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2011/// VL - 3 SP - 1 EP - 16 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1262923; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201110 KW - Introductory Material Y20 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1262923&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Michael AU - Mohs, Jacob AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Unlisted T1 - The Information Technology Agreement: An Assessment of World Trade in Information Technology Products JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2011/// VL - 3 SP - 109 EP - 156 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1262927; Keywords: Diffusion; Technologies; Technology; Trade; WTO; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201110 N2 - The Information Technology Agreement (ITA), a multilateral agreement emerging from the Uruguay Round, eliminates tariffs on specific technology and telecommunications products for member countries. Primary goals of the ITA are increased trade and competition through trade liberalization for information technology (IT) products, and the global diffusion of information technology. The ITA went into effect in 1997 with 29 WTO member countries and now includes 72 WTO members. It covers over 95 percent of total world trade in IT products, currently estimated at $4 trillion annually. The emergence of complex global supply chains for IT products, rapid deployment of new technologies, and technology convergence since the ITA's inception, shine new light on the role of the ITA in global trade. This paper provides an overview of the ITA, describes the level of tariff liberalization associated with membership, and discusses the changing composition of ITA membership. The paper further examines ITA trade between 1996 and 2008, highlighting the changing composition of trade by leading exporting and importing nations and profiles ITA trade by product segment, focusing on computers, semiconductors, and telecommunications equipment. The paper finds a significant shift in ITA trade to Asia, particularly China, and to a lesser extent to Eastern Europe. Significant developments in global ITA trade include, increasing diversification of ITA members' trade and economic profiles and expanding trade participation by developing countries. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Economic Integration F15 KW - Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights: General O30 KW - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes O33 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1262927&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Linton, Katherine AU - Torsekar, Mihir AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Innovation in Biotechnology Seeds: Public and Private Initiatives in India and China JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2011/// VL - 3 SP - 189 EP - 222 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1262929; Keywords: Agricultural Research; Bio Technology; Biotech; Biotechnology; Development; Research and Development; Services; Geographic Descriptors: China; India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201110 N2 - This paper compares and contrasts how innovation--the successful introduction of new products, services, or techniques--is occurring in biotechnology seeds in China and India. We begin with an overview of the agricultural challenges faced by China and India and the substantial investments that both countries are making in agricultural research and development (R&D) and biotechnology to address these challenges. We next describe each country's approach to three factors identified by industry as important to innovation in biotech seeds: market access, intellectual property (IP) protection, and efficient regulatory review processes. We find substantial problems in all three areas including limited market access for foreign firms in China and significant price caps in India; limitations and gaps in IP protection and enforcement; and lengthy delays in regulatory review. We conclude with a case study highlighting how the three factors shaped the introduction and adoption of the first widely commercialized biotech crop in China and India, Bt cotton. KW - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology L65 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O14 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population P23 KW - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture P32 KW - Agricultural R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services Q16 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1262929&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Mora, Jesse AU - Powers, William AD - Berne Union AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Chauffour, Jean-Pierre A2 - Malouche, Mariem T1 - Global Perspectives in the Decline of Trade Finance T2 - Trade Finance during the Great Trade Collapse PB - Washington, D.C.: World Bank Y1 - 2011/// SP - 117 EP - 131 N1 - Accession Number: 1319600; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-8213-8748-1; Keywords: Finance; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Global; LDCs; MDCs; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201209 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages G21 KW - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill G32 KW - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance O16 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1319600&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - DEAN, JUDITH M. T1 - Handbook on Trade and the Environment. JO - World Trade Review JF - World Trade Review Y1 - 2010/07// VL - 9 IS - 3 M3 - Book Review SP - 538 EP - 542 SN - 14747456 AB - The article reviews the book "Handbook on Trade and the Environment," edited by Kevin P. Gallagher. KW - BUSINESS -- Environmental aspects KW - NONFICTION KW - GALLAGHER, Kevin P. KW - HANDBOOK on Trade & the Environment (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 51957559; DEAN, JUDITH M. 1; Affiliations: 1: US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Jul2010, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p538; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: HANDBOOK on Trade & the Environment (Book); People: GALLAGHER, Kevin P.; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Book Review L3 - 10.1017/S1474745610000224 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=51957559&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN AU - Peter Morici Professor, Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland Peter Morici is former chief economist at the U.S. International Trade Commission. T1 - Golden goose killed and stuffed JO - Toronto Star (Canada) JF - Toronto Star (Canada) J1 - Toronto Star (Canada) SN - 03190781 N1 - Accession Number: 6FP2377712334; Source Information: 06/10/2010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=6FP2377712334&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - n5h ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AU - Koopman, Robert B. AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Yinug, Falan AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Nature of US-China Trade in Advanced Technology Products JO - Comparative Economic Studies JF - Comparative Economic Studies Y1 - 2010/06// VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 207 EP - 224 SN - 08887233 N1 - Accession Number: 1118603; Keywords: Competitiveness; Development; Exports; FDI; Foreign Direct Investment; Growth; Policy; Trade; WTO; Geographic Descriptors: China; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201008 N2 - This paper studies the nature of U.S.-China trade in advanced technology products (ATP). China's recent surge in ATP exports has promoted active debate about the implications for both China's economic growth and US competitiveness. We evaluate the development of both countries' ATP trade classification systems. Although the definition of ATP for statistical purposes is largely convergent, China adopts multiple definitions of ATP, some of which are associated with export promotion and foreign direct investment (FDI) policy. We develop a method to compare US and Chinese trade data that combines the strengths of both countries' trade statistics and accounts for re-exports through Hong Kong. The emergence of China as a major exporter of ATP goods to the U.S., coinciding approximately with China's WTO accession is strongly associated with processing trade and production fragmentation, foreign-invested enterprises, and the use of economic policy zones, more so than for Chinese exports as a whole. This evidence demonstrates that China's pattern of exports has been strongly influenced by government policies. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P24 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 L3 - http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ces/archive/index.html UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1118603&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ces/archive/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gehlhar, Mark AU - Somwaru, Agapi AU - Dixon, Peter B. AU - Rimmer, Maureen T. AU - Winston, Ashley R. AD - Economic Research Service, USDA AD - Economic Research Service, USDA AD - Centre of Policy Studies, Monash U AD - Centre of Policy Studies, Monash U AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Economywide Implications from US Bioenergy Expansion JO - American Economic Review JF - American Economic Review Y1 - 2010/05// VL - 100 IS - 2 SP - 172 EP - 177 SN - 00028282 N1 - Accession Number: 1098724; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201005 KW - Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices Q41 KW - Alternative Energy Sources Q42 KW - Energy and the Macroeconomy Q43 KW - Energy: Government Policy Q48 L3 - http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1098724&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.2.172 UR - http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - FETZER, JAMES J. T1 - Inference for econometric modeling in antidumping, countervailing duty and safeguard investigations -- Erratum. JO - World Trade Review JF - World Trade Review Y1 - 2010/04// VL - 9 IS - 2 M3 - Correction notice SP - 375 EP - 388 SN - 14747456 AB - This paper examines how to make inferences from econometric models prepared for antidumping, countervailing duty, and safeguard investigations. Analysis of these models has typically entailed drawing inferences from point estimates that are significantly different from zero at a fixed level of confidence. This paper suggests a more flexible approach of drawing inferences using confidence intervals at various significance levels and reporting p-values for the relevant test of injury. Use of confidence intervals and p-values to identify insights and data patterns would have more impact on USITC trade remedy determinations than definitive conclusions about injury based on whether estimates are statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of World Trade Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DUMPING (International trade) N1 - Accession Number: 49118289; FETZER, JAMES J. 1; Email Address: james.fetzer@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: US International Trade Commission, Applied Economics Division, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Apr2010, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p375; Thesaurus Term: DUMPING (International trade); Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: Correction notice L3 - 10.1017/S147474560999005X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=49118289&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Gehlhar, Mark AU - Yao, Shunli T1 - A globally consistent framework for reliability-based trade statistics reconciliation in the presence of an entrepôt JO - China Economic Review (1043951X) JF - China Economic Review (1043951X) Y1 - 2010/03// VL - 21 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 161 EP - 189 SN - 1043951X AB - Abstract: This paper develops a mathematical programming model to reconcile trade statistics subject to a set of global consistency conditions in the presence of an entrepôt. Initial data reliability serves a key function for governing the magnitude of adjustment. Through a two-stage optimization procedure, the adjusted trade statistics are achieved as solutions to a system of simultaneous equations that minimize a quadratic penalty function. As an empirical illustration, the model is applied to reconcile the 2004 trade statistics reported by China, Hong Kong and their major trading partners, initialized with detailed estimates of bilateral trade flows, re-export markups, cif/fob ratios and data reliability indexes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of China Economic Review (1043951X) is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RECONCILIATION KW - MATHEMATICAL models KW - COMMERCIAL statistics KW - MATHEMATICAL optimization KW - EMPIRICAL research KW - PARTNERSHIP (Business) KW - RELIABILITY (Personality trait) KW - C61 KW - C81 KW - Data reliability KW - Entrepôt trade KW - Global consistency KW - Trade statistics reconciliation N1 - Accession Number: 48471590; Wang, Zhi 1; Email Address: Zhi.Wang@usitc.gov; Gehlhar, Mark 2; Email Address: mgehlhar@ers.usda.gov; Yao, Shunli 3; Email Address: slyao@uibe.edu.cn; Affiliations: 1: United States International Trade Commission, United States; 2: United States Department of Agriculture, United States; 3: University of International Business and Economics, China; Issue Info: Mar2010, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p161; Thesaurus Term: RECONCILIATION; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL statistics; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Thesaurus Term: EMPIRICAL research; Thesaurus Term: PARTNERSHIP (Business); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Personality trait); Author-Supplied Keyword: C61; Author-Supplied Keyword: C81; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entrepôt trade; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global consistency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trade statistics reconciliation; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.chieco.2009.12.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=48471590&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - CHAP AU - Wang, Zhi AU - Wei, Shang-Jin AD - United States International Trade Commission AD - Columbia U A2 - Feenstra, Robert C. A2 - Wei, Shang-Jin T1 - What Accounts for the Rising Sophistication of China's Exports? T2 - China's Growing Role in World Trade PB - NBER Conference Report series. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press Y1 - 2010/// SP - 63 EP - 104 N1 - Accession Number: 1232451; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-226-23971-2; Keywords: Exports; Geographic Descriptors: China; EU; G-3; Japan; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Europe; Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201106 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill G32 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics P25 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis R32 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1232451&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Dean, Judith M. AU - Lovely, Mary E. AD - United States International Trade Commission AD - Syracuse U A2 - Feenstra, Robert C. A2 - Wei, Shang-Jin T1 - Trade Growth, Production Fragmentation, and China's Environment T2 - China's Growing Role in World Trade PB - NBER Conference Report series. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press Y1 - 2010/// SP - 429 EP - 469 N1 - Accession Number: 1232469; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-226-23971-2; Keywords: Environment; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201106 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Trade and Environment F18 KW - Economics of Regulation L51 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment P28 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling Q53 KW - Environmental Economics: Government Policy Q58 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1232469&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Drabek, Zdenek T1 - Policy Anchors: Do Free Trade Agreements and WTO Accessions Serve as Vehicles for Developing-Country Policy Reform? T2 - Is the World Trade Organization Attractive Enough for Emerging Economies? Critical Essays on the Multilateral Trading System PB - New York: St. Martin's Press, Palgrave Macmillan Y1 - 2010/// SP - 139 EP - 175 N1 - Accession Number: 1138723; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-230-58184-5; Keywords: Agreement; Developing Country; Free Trade; Policy; Trade; Trade Agreements; WTO; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; NAFTA; Selected Countries; WTO; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201011 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economic Integration F15 KW - International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements F21 KW - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements O17 KW - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O24 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P21 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1138723&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, Michael O. AU - Fox, Alan K. AD - George Washington U AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Why Don't Foreign Firms Cooperate in US Antidumping Investigations? An Empirical Analysis JO - Review of World Economics/Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv JF - Review of World Economics/Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Y1 - 2010/01// VL - 145 IS - 4 SP - 597 EP - 613 SN - 16102878 N1 - Accession Number: 1097949; Keywords: Anti Dumping; Antidumping; Import; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201004 N2 - Foreign firms face punitive duties if they do not cooperate with the US Department of Commerce (DOC) in antidumping procedures. For example, 37% of all foreign firms involved in antidumping investigations in the US faced "facts available" margins for the 1995-2002 period, with average antidumping duties of 31% for cooperating foreign firms, compared to 87% for those who did not cooperate. The existing literature has focused on how DOC discretion has led to foreign firm non-cooperation. This paper instead examines individual foreign firm's decisions about whether to cooperate during this same period. We find evidence that non-cooperation is consistent with a model of foreign firms rationally choosing not to cooperate, rather than solely as a result of investigating authority bias against imports. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 L3 - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10290 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1097949&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-009-0035-0 UR - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10290 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dean, Judith M. AU - Lovely, Mary E. AU - Mora, Jesse T1 - Decomposing China–Japan–U.S. trade: Vertical specialization, ownership, and organizational form JO - Journal of Asian Economics JF - Journal of Asian Economics Y1 - 2009/11// VL - 20 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 596 EP - 610 SN - 10490078 AB - Abstract: We use the US International Trade Commission''s uniquely detailed 1995–2007 Chinese Customs data to better understand the pattern of trade between China and its two largest trading partners, Japan and the United States. Our review finds that only a small share of these flows can be characterized as arm''s length, one-way trade in final goods. Instead, we find extensive two-way trade, deep vertical specialization, concentration of trade in computer and communication devices, and a prominent role for foreign-invested enterprises. While these characteristics define both bilateral relationships, important differences between the two pairs do emerge, suggesting that trade costs influence the method by which multinationals choose to integrate their production with China. Consequently, we argue that dialogue on East Asian trade liberalization should include the possibility of significant production gains for the US from its inclusion in any regional agreements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Asian Economics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - INTERNATIONAL economic integration KW - CHINA -- Foreign economic relations -- United States KW - JAPAN -- Foreign economic relations -- United States KW - UNITED States KW - JAPAN KW - CHINA KW - Asia KW - FDI KW - Fragmentation KW - Regional integration KW - Trade KW - UNITED States International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 45555176; Dean, Judith M. 1; Lovely, Mary E. 2; Email Address: melovely@maxwell.syr.edu; Mora, Jesse 1; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 1 USA; 2: Department of Economics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1090, USA; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 20 Issue 6, p596; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic integration; Subject Term: CHINA -- Foreign economic relations -- United States; Subject Term: JAPAN -- Foreign economic relations -- United States; Subject: UNITED States; Subject: JAPAN; Subject: CHINA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: FDI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fragmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trade ; Company/Entity: UNITED States International Trade Commission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.asieco.2009.08.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=45555176&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fetzer, James J. T1 - Inference for econometric modeling in antidumping, countervailing duty and safeguard investigations. JO - World Trade Review JF - World Trade Review Y1 - 2009/10// VL - 8 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 545 EP - 557 SN - 14747456 AB - This paper examines how to make inferences from econometric models prepared for antidumping, countervailing duty, and safeguard investigations. Analysis of these models has typically entailed drawing inferences from point estimates that are significantly different from zero at a fixed level of confidence. This paper suggests a more flexible approach of drawing inferences using confidence intervals at various significance levels and reporting p-values for the relevant test of injury. Use of confidence intervals and p-values to identify insights and data patterns would have more impact on USITC trade remedy determinations than definitive conclusions about injury based on whether estimates are statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of World Trade Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ECONOMETRICS KW - DUMPING (International trade) KW - ANTIDUMPING duties KW - CONFIDENCE intervals KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 44304385; Fetzer, James J. 1; Email Address: james.fetzer@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: US International Trade Commission, Applied Economics Division, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p545; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMETRICS; Thesaurus Term: DUMPING (International trade); Thesaurus Term: ANTIDUMPING duties; Subject Term: CONFIDENCE intervals; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States International Trade Commission; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1017/S147474560999005X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=44304385&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dean, Judith M. AU - Lovely, Mary E. AU - Wang, Hua AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Syracuse U AD - World Bank T1 - Are Foreign Investors Attracted to Weak Environmental Regulations? Evaluating the Evidence from China JO - Journal of Development Economics JF - Journal of Development Economics Y1 - 2009/09// VL - 90 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 SN - 03043878 N1 - Accession Number: 1053542; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200908 N2 - At the center of the pollution haven debate is the claim that foreign investors from industrial countries are attracted to weak environment regulations in developing countries. Some recent location choice studies have found evidence of this attraction, but only for inward FDI in industrial countries. The few studies of inward FDI in developing countries have been hampered by weak measures of environmental stringency and by insufficient data to estimate variation in firm response by pollution intensity. This paper tests for pollution haven behavior by estimating the determinants of location choice for equity joint ventures (EJVs) in China. Beginning with a theoretical framework of firm production and abatement decisions, we derive and estimate a location choice model using data on a sample of EJV projects, Chinese effective levies on water pollution, and Chinese industrial pollution intensity. Results show EJVs in highly-polluting industries funded through Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan are attracted by weak environmental standards. In contrast, EJVs funded from non-ethnically Chinese sources are not significantly attracted by weak standards, regardless of the pollution intensity of the industry. These findings are consistent with pollution haven behavior, but not by investors from high income countries and only in industries that are highly polluting. Further investigation into differences in technology between industrial and developing country investors might shed new light on this debate. KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance O16 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment P28 KW - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling Q53 KW - Environmental Economics: Government Policy Q58 KW - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis R32 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043878 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1053542&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.11.007 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043878 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, Joann AU - Treat, Alan AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Post-9/11 Global Framework for Cargo Security JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2009/09// VL - 2 SP - 1 EP - 30 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239789; Keywords: Security; Terrorism; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.S.; WTO; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - This paper reviews changes in global cargo security policies following September 11, 2001. The events of 9/11 led to the establishment of new protocols for tracking and screening cargo both in the United States and in foreign countries. These protocols have been incorporated into international frameworks such as those under the World Customs Organization (WCO), and in country-specific programs such as the Container Security Initiative (CSI) and the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (CTPAT) administered by the United States. In addition, a host of foreign countries, including Australia, Canada, Sweden and New Zealand have introduced new cargo security programs following 9/11 or have strengthened previously existing programs. Many of these countries aim to harmonize their cargo security standards with those of the United States. Although substantial progress has been made in the development of post-9/11 cargo security programs, some have expressed concern regarding the programs' efficacy, their costs to business, and their effects on cross-border trade. At present, post-9/11 cargo security programs continue to be refined, which may ultimately lead to changes in the direction and implementation of these programs. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - National Security; Economic Nationalism F52 KW - National Security and War H56 KW - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation L92 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239789&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nesbitt, Elizabeth AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Industrial Biotechnology in China amidst Changing Market Conditions JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2009/09// VL - 2 SP - 51 EP - 96 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239791; Keywords: Energy; Ethanol; Foreign Investment; Fuel; Growth; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - The increasing use of industrial biotechnology by the Chinese liquid biofuels and chemical industries is expected to help offset energy security and environmental concerns generated by China's robust economic growth. The expanding use of bioprocesses to produce products such as fuel ethanol and bioplastics is also likely to contribute to continued innovation, productivity gains, and cost savings. This, combined with strong government promotion of the country's bio-based economy, coincides with the two industries' growing global prominence; China is currently the world's third largest producer of ethanol and second largest producer of chemicals. This growth has encouraged expanded domestic and foreign investment, including in bio-based projects, and generated related gains in exports, particularly in the chemical industry. Market conditions facing many ongoing and prospective ventures, however, are changing as a result of a combination of factors, including the strength of the Chinese currency, new labor regulations, tax changes, and volatile energy prices. KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O14 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population P23 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P24 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment P28 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Alternative Energy Sources Q42 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239791&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yinug, Falan AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Challenges to Foreign Investment in High-Tech Semiconductor Production in China JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2009/09// VL - 2 SP - 97 EP - 126 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239792; Keywords: Exports; Foreign Investment; Intellectual Property Rights; Policy; Protection; Semiconductor; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - This article seeks to explain the limited level of high-tech semiconductor production by foreign investors in China. First, the article briefly summarizes the evolution and current state of China's policy efforts to promote foreign investment in its semiconductor industry. Second, the article shows that foreign front-end semiconductor production in China remains relatively small, despite the lure of the government's promotional policies and the fact that China is the world's largest market. The article concludes by identifying two major factors discouraging foreign front-end semiconductor production in China: (1) China's uncertain business environment for front-end semiconductor production, punctuated by lax intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and enforcement; and (2) restrictive investment and export control policies by foreign governments. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 KW - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment L63 KW - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O14 KW - Industrial Policy O25 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population P23 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239792&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wohl, Isaac AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Antigua-United States Online Gambling Dispute JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2009/09// VL - 2 SP - 127 EP - 148 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239793; Keywords: Free Trade; Gambling; Intellectual Property Rights; Services; Trade; WTO; Geographic Descriptors: Antigua; U.S.; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - During the last decade, online gambling grew in popularity while complex and overlapping gambling laws in the United States left its legal status ambiguous. The United States' efforts to prosecute foreign-based suppliers of online gambling services prompted Antigua to file a complaint in the WTO, in which it claimed that the United States had violated its GATS commitment to free trade in recreational services. The WTO ultimately ruled in favor of Antigua and awarded Antigua the right to suspend $21 million annually in intellectual property rights held by U.S. firms. This dispute exemplifies the potential for market access commitments to have unexpected and undesirable consequences. The potential for suspending intellectual property rights as a retaliatory measure may increase the leverage of small countries in trade disputes with large countries, but the implementation and management of such a suspension may be difficult and costly. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism L83 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239793&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bloodgood, Laura AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Inbound and Outbound U.S. Foreign Direct Investment, 2000-2007 JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2009/09// VL - 2 SP - 149 EP - 194 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239794; Keywords: FDI; Foreign Direct Investment; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - This article examines U.S. inbound and outbound foreign direct investment (FDI) during 2000-2007. Both inbound and outbound U.S. investment showed steady increases between 2000 and 2007, with outbound FDI remaining larger than inbound FDI throughout the period. Even though substantial media attention in recent years has focused on U.S. investment links with emerging markets, particularly China, Europe remains by far the largest regional U.S. investment partner, and the United Kingdom is the largest single country U.S. investment partner. U.S. outbound investment is growing most rapidly to Russia, Austria, and India, while inbound investment from India, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela has recorded the fastest growth. The article examines FDI trends and compares inbound and outbound investment in the aggregate, by geographical region, and by major countries within each region. Within countries, the article identifies some of the largest U.S. company investors abroad, and foreign company investors in the United States. KW - International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements F21 KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239794&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Honnold, Vincent AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Developments in the Sourcing of Raw Materials for the Production of Paper JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2009/09// VL - 2 SP - 195 EP - 220 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239795; Keywords: Development; Exports; Import; Paper Industry; Pulp; Trade; Wood; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - During the past decade, there have been major changes in the trade flows of the raw materials (pulp logs, wood chips, pulp, and recovered paper) used to make paper. These changes have been driven primarily by the growth of the paper industry in China, the emergence of new suppliers of wood raw materials, and the increased importance of recovered paper as a raw material for the production of paper. China's paper industry has grown rapidly in the past 10 years, and its output now trails only that of the United States. China, however, lacks the raw materials to support much of its papermaking capacity and thus has become increasingly dependent upon imports of wood pulp, recovered paper, and wood chips. New suppliers of pulp, wood chips, and pulp logs have emerged in recent years as paper producers have looked for cheaper sources of fiber. These new suppliers, Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Australia, Vietnam, and Russia, have become increasingly important exporters of wood raw materials. Recovered paper that is repulped and made into new paper has become an important complement to virgin fiber for papermakers throughout the world; consequently, recycling rates for recovered paper have risen in many developed countries. Some of the significant changes in the trade flows of the raw materials used to make paper include large increases in Chinese imports of recovered paper and pulp, increased exports of wood chips from Australia, Brazil, and Vietnam, and rising Russian exports of wood chips and pulp logs to Scandinavia. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks L14 KW - Forest Products L73 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry Q23 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239795&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feinberg, Robert T1 - Patterns and Determinants of Entry in Rural County Banking Markets. JO - Journal of Industry, Competition & Trade JF - Journal of Industry, Competition & Trade Y1 - 2009/06// VL - 9 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 101 EP - 115 SN - 15661679 AB - In this paper I consider 115 rural markets in the USA, and both describe and explain patterns of bank and thrift entry over the past 10 years, with particular interest in the decisions of top bank holding companies to enter rural markets and the influence their presence has on entry of smaller banking institutions. The paper explores several dimensions of entry and competition in rural banking markets. In terms of explaining both numbers of banks across markets and gross and net entry within markets, market size and its growth seem to be major factors, consistent with recent literature. The role of leading bank holding companies is found to be important in stimulating entry of smaller rivals. This result is consistent with earlier work suggesting that merger and acquisition activity tends to stimulate de novo entry, while also with the view that large firm presence may be a signal to potential entrants of future growth prospects in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Industry, Competition & Trade is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BANKING industry KW - COMMUNITY banks KW - MONEY market KW - BANK mergers KW - BUSINESS planning KW - SUBSIDIARY corporations KW - BANK holding companies KW - RURAL geography KW - UNITED States KW - bank holding companies KW - entry KW - G21 KW - L11 KW - rural banking markets N1 - Accession Number: 38313675; Feinberg, Robert 1; Email Address: feinber@american.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Economics, American University and US International Trade Commission, Washington 20016-8029 USA; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p101; Thesaurus Term: BANKING industry; Thesaurus Term: COMMUNITY banks; Thesaurus Term: MONEY market; Thesaurus Term: BANK mergers; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS planning; Thesaurus Term: SUBSIDIARY corporations; Thesaurus Term: BANK holding companies; Subject Term: RURAL geography; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: bank holding companies; Author-Supplied Keyword: entry; Author-Supplied Keyword: G21; Author-Supplied Keyword: L11; Author-Supplied Keyword: rural banking markets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 551111 Offices of Bank Holding Companies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 551113 Holding companies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522190 Other Depository Credit Intermediation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522110 Commercial Banking; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522111 Personal and commercial banking industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522120 Savings Institutions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523210 Securities and Commodity Exchanges; NAICS/Industry Codes: 551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10842-007-0015-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=38313675&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elizabeth R. Nesbitt T1 - Industrial Biotechnology in China Amidst Changing Market Conditions. JO - Journal of International Commerce & Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce & Economics Y1 - 2009/02// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 46 SN - 21526877 AB - The increasing use of industrial biotechnology by the Chinese liquid biofuels and chemical industries is expected to help offset energy security and environmental concerns generated by China's robust economic growth. The expanding use of bioprocesses to produce products such as fuel ethanol and bioplastics is also likely to contribute to continued innovation, productivity gains, and cost savings. This, combined with strong government promotion of the country's bio-based economy, coincides with the two industries' growing global prominence; China is currently the world's third largest producer of ethanol and second largest producer of chemicals. This growth has encouraged expanded domestic and foreign investment, including in bio-based projects, and generated related gains in exports, particularly in the chemical industry. Market conditions facing many ongoing and prospective ventures, however, are changing as a result of a combination of factors, including the strength of the Chinese currency, new labor regulations, tax changes, and volatile energy prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Commerce & Economics is the property of U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - CHEMICAL industry KW - ETHANOL as fuel KW - CHEMICALS KW - CHINA N1 - Accession Number: 43691828; Elizabeth R. Nesbitt 1; Email Address: elizabeth.nesbitt@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: International Trade Analyst, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC).; Issue Info: Feb2009, p1; Thesaurus Term: BIOTECHNOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: CHEMICAL industry; Subject Term: ETHANOL as fuel; Subject Term: CHEMICALS; Subject: CHINA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=43691828&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dean, Judith M. AU - Signore, José E. AU - Feinberg, Robert M. AU - Ludema, Rodney D. AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. T1 - Estimating the Price Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers. JO - B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy: Contributions to Economic Analysis & Policy JF - B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy: Contributions to Economic Analysis & Policy Y1 - 2009/01// VL - 9 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 39 SN - 15380645 AB - As multilateral negotiations focus more on reductions and removal of non-tariff barriers (NTBs), the importance of quantifying the impact of these barriers has increased. Recent studies have derived ad valorem equivalents for NTBs for a large number of countries and/or products, but the derivation has been indirect, due to either lack of price data or NTB incidence measures. This paper uses city level retail price data to directly estimate the average impact of core NTBs on prices of 47 consumer products, grouped into four separate sectors, for more than 60 countries in 2001. The analysis uses both government self-reported data and a new database of private sector complaint data to assess NTB incidence. A differentiated products model is used to capture imperfect substitutability between products. With city level price data-including both inter- and intra-country price differences-a more precise distinction can be made between the impact of NTBs and the impact of local distribution costs in raising price. The model is estimated using an instrumental variables approach to incorporate the endogeneity of NTBs. Results suggest that core NTBs are still highly restrictive in many countries and for many traded goods. While NTBs appear to be complements to tariffs, in some sectors the presence of a tariff reduces the price impact of the NTB. Results also suggest that in some sectors, the restrictiveness of NTBs is highly correlated with country income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy: Contributions to Economic Analysis & Policy is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TARIFF KW - COMMERCIAL policy KW - AD valorem tax KW - PRIVATE sector KW - PUBLIC finance KW - estimation KW - imperfect competition KW - non-tariff measure KW - trade barriers N1 - Accession Number: 37218529; Dean, Judith M. 1; Email Address: judith.dean@usitc.gov; Signore, José E. 1; Email Address: jose.signoret@usit.gov; Feinberg, Robert M. 2; Email Address: feinber@american.edu; Ludema, Rodney D. 3; Email Address: ludemar@georgetown.edu; Ferrantino, Michael J. 1; Email Address: michael.ferrantino@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission; 2: American University; 3: Georgetown University, Emerita; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: TARIFF; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL policy; Thesaurus Term: AD valorem tax; Thesaurus Term: PRIVATE sector; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC finance; Author-Supplied Keyword: estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: imperfect competition; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-tariff measure; Author-Supplied Keyword: trade barriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; Number of Pages: 39p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=37218529&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - CHAP AU - Dean, Judith M. AU - Wainio, John AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US Department of Agriculture A2 - Hoekman, Bernard A2 - Martin, Will A2 - Primo Braga, Carlos A. T1 - Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries T2 - Trade Preference Erosion: Measurement and Policy Response PB - Washington, D.C.: World Bank; Houndmills, U.K. and New York: Palgrave Macmillan Y1 - 2009/// SP - 29 EP - 64 N1 - Accession Number: 1102567; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-8213-7644-7 (cloth); 978-0-8213-7707-9 (pbk); Keywords: Developing Countries; Tariff; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201005 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O24 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1102567&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AU - Wang, Zhi AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Accounting for Discrepancies in Bilateral Trade: The Case of China, Hong Kong, and the United States JO - China Economic Review JF - China Economic Review Y1 - 2008/09// VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 502 EP - 520 SN - 1043951X N1 - Accession Number: 0991608; Keywords: Exports; Import; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; Hong Kong; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200809 N2 - China's reported exports to the United States have long been smaller than U.S.-reported imports from China. Earlier explanations for this focused on re-exports through Hong Kong, and appeared to account for most of the difference. Now, even after taking Hong Kong into account properly, there has emerged a new and growing discrepancy which amounted in 2005 to $46 billion, perhaps 20% of the "true" value. Comparisons of detailed customs records from China, Hong, Kong, and the United States show that direct exports from Chinese ports and Chinese exports through third countries account for much of the discrepancy, relative to trade flows involving Hong Kong. Transshipment and re-exports through Hong Kong seem no longer to be the major explanation of the discrepancies, especially in recent years. Adjustment for a likely double-counting between re-exports and transshipments make the estimated discrepancy for 2005 increase to $59 billion. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/1043951X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0991608&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2008.02.002 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/1043951X DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fox, Alan K. AU - Powers, William AU - Winston, Ashley AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Monash U and US International Trade Commission T1 - Textile and Apparel Barriers and Rules of Origin: What's Left to Gain after the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing? JO - Journal of Economic Integration JF - Journal of Economic Integration Y1 - 2008/09// VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 656 EP - 684 SN - 1225651X N1 - Accession Number: 1008821; Keywords: Agreement; Apparel; Clothing; Exports; Import; Liberalization; Quotas; Tariff; Textile; Trade; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Selected Countries; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200812 N2 - Although textile and apparel imports from most countries entered the United States quota-free after the expiration of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing on January 1, 2005, substantial restraints remain on U.S. trade in these sectors, including high tariffs, quantitative restraints on China and Vietnam, and preferential rules of origin. While there is a substantial literature on liberalization of quotas and tariffs in these sectors, this paper provides a new and detailed examination of the effects of rule-based foreign demand for U.S. textile and apparel inputs. This paper uses the USAGE-ITC general equilibrium model to estimate the effects of removing textile and apparel restraints in 2005. Full liberalization is estimated to increase U.S. welfare by $2.0 billion (net) while decreasing U.S. textile and apparel output by 9.0 percent. Quantitative restraints continue to have considerable effects on U.S. welfare: their elimination provides over half of the welfare gain. However, rules of origin have by far the largest effect on production and employment. Elimination of preferential rules of origin accounts for 82 percent of the overall output reduction, because these rules currently generate nearly half of the foreign demand for U.S. textile and apparel exports. A similarly large output loss would also be part of any tariff liberalization that encouraged preferential trade partners to reduce purchases of U.S. inputs as their preference margins eroded. This is the first study in the literature to quantify this effect, which is sufficient to eliminate four-fifths of the welfare gains from tariff liberalization in these sectors. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Other Consumer Nondurables L67 L3 - http://sejong.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=homemainpublications,1,1; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1008821&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://sejong.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=homemainpublications,1,1; DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hammer, Alexander B. AU - Kilpatrick, James A. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - CIA T1 - Distinctive Patterns and Prospects in China-Latin: America Trade, 1999-2005 JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2008/08// VL - 1 SP - 1 EP - 26 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239781; Keywords: Development; Import; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: China; Latin America; Geographic Region: Asia; Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - This paper examines significant China-Latin America trade patterns that have emerged between 1999 and 2005, and assesses implications of these developments on these trading partners' future economic relationship. We show that China's iron, copper, and soybean imports from Latin America have become increasingly concentrated; that China and Latin America are rapidly becoming interconnected on telecommunications and computer manufacturing supply chains, with China supplying parts for assembly in Latin America; and that Chinese-made electronic and textile consumer goods have rapidly penetrated Latin American markets. The implications of our findings suggest that while there are many benefits of deeper economic integration to both sides, the vulnerabilities are likely to be predominantly borne by China's Latin American trading partners. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239781&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Linton, Katherine Connor AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Access to Capital in China: Competitive Conditions for Foreign and Domestic Firms JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2008/08// VL - 1 SP - 27 EP - 49 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239782; Keywords: Capital; Firm; GDP; Growth; Shares; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - The Chinese financial sector is illustrative of the hierarchy of privilege that has dominated the country's transition from a centrally planned economy to a more market-based system. Despite their declining contribution to GDP, large state-owned enterprises (SOEs) sit at the pinnacle of privilege and financial access. They obtain a disproportionate share of funding from all sources: bank loans, stock markets, venture capital, and bond markets. Private firms, domestic and foreign, which in the last five years have played a critical role in China's growth, face substantial capital access barriers. Greater access to capital markets for these firms, and the full implementation of international standards of lending and market regulation, would fuel China's fastest growing firms and enterprises and precipitate greater domestic competition. KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 KW - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill G32 KW - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance O16 KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P24 KW - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions P31 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics P34 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239782&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bloodgood, Laura AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Inbound and Outbound U.S. Direct Investment with Leading Partner Countries JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2008/08// VL - 1 SP - 63 EP - 111 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239784; Keywords: Acquisition; Developing Countries; Developing Country; FDI; Foreign Direct Investment; Investment; Merger; Multinational; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - This article surveys trends in U.S. inbound and outbound foreign direct investment (FDI) during 2000-2005. The article examines the major country and regional destinations for U.S. direct investment abroad (USDIA), and foreign direct investment in the United States (FDIUS). After a brief survey of total inbound and outbound FDI, trends are examined by region and by the most significant developed and developing country investment partner countries. Throughout the paper, the analysis pays particular attention to the multinational corporations that are the source of most FDI, along with particularly important mergers, acquisitions, and greenfield investments. By far the largest U.S. FDI partner is Europe, particularly the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands. Canada ranks second in terms of its overall FDI relationship with the United States. One-third of cumulative USDIA, equal to $623 billion in 2005, is invested in holding companies in a small number of countries, primarily in Europe and the Caribbean, making it difficult to track the final country and industry destinations of this capital, and limiting an understanding of the effects of U.S. FDI. Mexico is by far the most important FDI partner country among developing countries, for both USDIA and FDIUS. KW - International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements F21 KW - Multinational Firms; International Business F23 KW - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity G31 KW - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance G34 KW - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance O16 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239784&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rogowsky, Robert A. AU - Chyn, Eric AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Unlisted T1 - U.S. Trade Law and FTAs: A Survey of Labor Requirements JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2008/08// VL - 1 SP - 113 EP - 136 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239785; Keywords: Agreement; Labor Law; Law; Standard; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - This journal article is a primer of the new labor legislation. It catalogs the standards set out in each agreement and any new pre- or post-FTA labor legislation initiated by U.S. trading partner countries. The article cites evidence for progress towards the rights of the labor force, new mechanisms for dialogue, and an emerging greater transparency in the enforcement of labor law worldwide. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Labor Standards: Working Conditions J81 KW - Labor Law K31 KW - International Law K33 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239785&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yinug, Falan AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Rise of the Flash Memory Market: Its Impact on Firm Behavior and Global Semiconductor Trade Patterns JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2008/08// VL - 1 SP - 137 EP - 161 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239786; Keywords: Firm; Firm Behavior; Firms; Semiconductor; Geographic Descriptors: Japan; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - This article addresses three questions about the flash memory market. First, will the growth of the flash memory market be a short- or long-term phenomenon? Second, will the growth of the flash memory market prompt changes in firm behavior and industry structure? Third, what are the implications for global semiconductor trade patterns of flash memory market growth? The analysis concludes that flash memory market growth is a long-term phenomenon to which producers have responded in four distinct ways. It also concludes that the rise in flash memory demand has intensified current semiconductor trade patterns but has not shifted them fundamentally. KW - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms L11 KW - Business Objectives of the Firm L21 KW - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing L24 KW - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment L63 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239786&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Linton, Katherine Connor AU - Corrado, Nicholas AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Unlisted T1 - A 'Calibrated Approach': Pharmaceutical FDI and the Evolution of Indian Patent Law JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2008/08// VL - 1 SP - 163 EP - 184 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239787; Keywords: Agreement; Development; Law; Patent; Property; Protection; WTO; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - India has charted its own intellectual property (IP) path over the last 35 years, attempting to foster the growth of a domestic pharmaceutical industry and access to medicine while, more recently, also addressing the requirements of the international IP regime. Multinational companies (MNCs) have responded to India's movement towards compliance with the WTO intellectual property agreement, TRIPS, by increasing the quantity and quality of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the areas of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) and manufacturing. By contrast, MNCs have adopted a more cautious attitude toward the patenting and commercialization of new pharmaceutical products in India, waiting to see how Indian courts and patent offices interpret the new laws, and awaiting the enactment of long-debated data protection legislation. The ultimate success of the Indian "calibrated approach" to fostering the domestic industry and access to medicine while also addressing international IP requirements remains to be seen. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Property Law K11 KW - International Law K33 KW - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements O17 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O34 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239787&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deese, William AU - Reeder, John AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Unlisted T1 - Export Taxes on Agricultural Products: Recent History and Economic Modeling of Soybean Export Taxes in Argentina JO - Journal of International Commerce and Economics JF - Journal of International Commerce and Economics Y1 - 2008/08// VL - 1 SP - 185 EP - 213 SN - 21526869 N1 - Accession Number: 1239788; Keywords: Exports; Tax; Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: Argentina; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 N2 - This paper examines the issue of export taxes on primary commodities; almost 40 countries applied export taxes in recent years. The case of Argentina, which is a prominent user of the export tax and a leading exporter of soybean products, is then considered. In 2006, it taxed exports of soybeans, soybean meal and soybean oil, respectively, at 23.5 percent, 19.3 percent, and 20 percent. We simulate the effects of altering these taxes. Removing export taxes on soybean oil and meal, but continuing the tax on soybeans causes exports of meal and oil to rise and exports of soybeans to fall. Exports of each product increase when taxed uniformly at 10 percent. Removal of the taxes on all products increases exports of each product. Devaluation of the Argentinean peso by about 60 percent in 2002 likely affected these exports more than the changes in the export tax that were considered. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H25 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 L3 - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1239788&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.usitc.gov/journals/index.htm#Recent DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arce, Hugh AU - Koopman, Robert AU - Tsigas, Marinos T1 - Using state-level simulations in a political economy model of US trade policy. JO - Public Choice JF - Public Choice Y1 - 2008/06// VL - 135 IS - 3/4 M3 - Article SP - 91 EP - 107 SN - 00485829 AB - Most analyses of US congressional votes on trade policy identify political and economic factors, and general economic conditions as significant factors. In this paper we examine whether simulated state-level impacts of trade policy changes obtained from an applied general equilibrium model explain recent US Senate votes on trade bills. We find that simulated gross state product effects are good predictors of recent trade-policy votes. Our model-based measures of trade sensitivity perform slightly better in statistical terms than the more traditional economic measures. For the Senate as a whole, import considerations have a larger impact on senate voting than export considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Public Choice is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ECONOMIC models KW - COMMERCIAL policy KW - RESEARCH KW - INTERNATIONAL economic relations KW - ECONOMIC indicators KW - UNITED States -- Foreign economic relations KW - LEGISLATORS KW - POLITICAL science KW - POLICY sciences KW - UNITED States KW - Applied general equilibrium KW - Congressional voting KW - D72 KW - F13 KW - State-level impacts KW - US trade policy KW - UNITED States. Congress -- Voting N1 - Accession Number: 31736805; Arce, Hugh 1; Email Address: Hugh.Arce@usitc.gov; Koopman, Robert 1; Email Address: Robert.Koopman@usitc.gov; Tsigas, Marinos 1; Email Address: Marinos.Tsigas@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: US International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: Jun2008, Vol. 135 Issue 3/4, p91; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC models; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL policy; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic relations; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC indicators; Subject Term: UNITED States -- Foreign economic relations; Subject Term: LEGISLATORS; Subject Term: POLITICAL science; Subject Term: POLICY sciences; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Applied general equilibrium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Congressional voting; Author-Supplied Keyword: D72; Author-Supplied Keyword: F13; Author-Supplied Keyword: State-level impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: US trade policy ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Congress -- Voting; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921120 Legislative Bodies; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s11127-007-9240-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=31736805&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schaefer, Kurt C. AU - Anderson, Michael A. AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. T1 - Monte Carlo Appraisals of Gravity Model Specifications. JO - Global Economy Journal JF - Global Economy Journal Y1 - 2008/03// VL - 8 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 24 SN - 15535304 AB - Many improvements have been proposed for the basic gravity model specification, most of which are confirmed by standard statistical tests due to the large number of observations often used to estimate such models. We use Monte Carlo experiments to examine situations in which features of models may be found statistically significant (or insignificant) when it is known ex ante that they are absent (or present) in the underlying data process. Erroneous assumptions about the presence or absence of lagged dependent variables, fixed effects, free-trade associations and custom unions are shown to introduce an economically important bias in estimates of the coefficients of interest, and in some cases to be confirmed spuriously. Policy effects for such initiatives as free trade associations and currency unions can also be confirmed spuriously when they do not exist in the data-generating process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Global Economy Journal is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MONTE Carlo method KW - FREE trade KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. KW - CUSTOMS unions KW - MONETARY unions KW - gravity KW - Monte Carlo KW - specification N1 - Accession Number: 31221498; Schaefer, Kurt C. 1; Email Address: schk@calvin.edu; Anderson, Michael A. 2; Email Address: andersonm@wlu.edu; Ferrantino, Michael J. 3; Email Address: michael.ferrantino@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Calvin College; 2: Washington and Lee University; 3: US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 1, preceding p1; Thesaurus Term: MONTE Carlo method; Thesaurus Term: FREE trade; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Thesaurus Term: CUSTOMS unions; Thesaurus Term: MONETARY unions; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: specification; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 8 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=31221498&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN AU - Wang, Zhi T1 - Trade adjustments. JO - Economist JF - Economist Y1 - 2008/01/26/ VL - 386 IS - 8564 M3 - Letter SP - 15 EP - 15 SN - 00130613 AB - This article presents a letter to the editor regarding trade with China, as reported in the January 5, 2008, issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - INTERNATIONAL trade N1 - Accession Number: 28697665; Wang, Zhi 1; Affiliation: 1: Office of Economics, United States International Trade Commission, Washington, DC; Source Info: 1/26/2008, Vol. 386 Issue 8564, p15; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 1/5p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 222 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28697665&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feinberg, Robert AD - American U and US International Trade Commission T1 - Import Price Effects on Retail Prices in the US and Abroad: Two Cases JO - Economics Bulletin JF - Economics Bulletin Y1 - 2008/// VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 7 N1 - Accession Number: 1024427; Keywords: Exchange Rate; Import; Import Price; Retail; Trade; Welfare; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200904 N2 - I utilize the highly disaggregate EIU CityData and present some preliminary results looking at how retail prices of two goods almost exclusively imported, bananas and virgin olive oil, are affected by import prices of these goods; from another perspective, I consider how distributor margins respond to changes in import prices. To avoid dealing with the effects of within-destination-country distance on consumer prices, I consider only prices in cities at or near the port of entry. The findings of limited response are consistent with previous work and raise the issue of implications for welfare effects of trade and exchange rate policy. Given the combination of limited passthrough of import prices into final consumer prices and the likely low price elasticity for specific categories of groceries, the trade flow impacts of international shocks may be quite modest. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Foreign Exchange F31 KW - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits L66 KW - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce L81 KW - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness Q13 L3 - http://www.economicsbulletin.com/ UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1024427&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.economicsbulletin.com/ DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herfindahl, Erland AU - Brown, Richard W. T1 - WTO Negotiations in Financial Services: Standing Offers Disappoint. JO - Journal of World Trade JF - Journal of World Trade Y1 - 2007/12// VL - 41 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 1259 EP - 1273 SN - 10116702 AB - This article reviews the goals of the current financial services negotiations as articulated by participants and academics. The article then presents the estimated price effects of non-tariff impediments to trade in banking services. Price effects, expressed in this article as tariff equivalents (TEs), are estimated for banking commitments bound in the WTO's Financial Services Agreement and for negotiating offers tabled as of May 2005. Comparison of these TEs suggests that progress to date has been limited. Though several countries have tabled genuinely market-liberalizing offers, many more have tabled offers that suggest little or no market opening. Major goals of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) in regard to banking remain unfulfilled, often at significant cost to the countries preserving trade restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of World Trade is the property of Kluwer Law International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TRADE negotiation KW - COMMERCIAL treaties KW - TARIFF KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - TRADE regulation KW - WORLD Trade Organization N1 - Accession Number: 28350422; Herfindahl, Erland; Email Address: erland.herfitldahl@usitc.gov; Brown, Richard W. 1; Email Address: richard.brown@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: United States International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Dec2007, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1259; Thesaurus Term: TRADE negotiation; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL treaties; Thesaurus Term: TARIFF; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: TRADE regulation ; Company/Entity: WORLD Trade Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=28350422&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fischer, Carolyn AU - Fox, Alan K. T1 - Output-Based Allocation of Emissions Permits for Mitigating Tax and Trade Interactions. JO - Land Economics JF - Land Economics Y1 - 2007/11// VL - 83 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 575 EP - 599 PB - University of Wisconsin Press SN - 00237639 AB - The allocation of tradable emissions permits has important efficiency as well as distributional effects when tax and trade distortions are taken into account. We compare different rules for allocating carbon allowances within sectors (lumpsum grandfathering, output-based allocation ( OBA ), auctioning) and among sectors (historical emissions or value-added shares). The output subsidies implicit in OBA mitigate tax interactions, unlike grandfathering. OBA with sectoral distributions based on value added is similar to revenue recycling with auctioning. OBA based on historical emissions supports heavier polluters, more effectively counteracting carbon leakage, but at higher welfare costs. Less energy-intensive sectors are also sensitive to allocation rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Land Economics is the property of University of Wisconsin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Emissions trading KW - Carbon KW - Recycling (Waste, etc.) KW - Air pollution monitoring KW - Emissions (Air pollution) KW - Licenses KW - Auctions KW - Corporate history KW - Welfare economics KW - Cost N1 - Accession Number: 27952590; Fischer, Carolyn 1; Fox, Alan K. 2; Affiliations: 1: Fellow, Resources for the Future; 2: Economist, U.S. International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 83 Issue 4, p575; Thesaurus Term: Emissions trading; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Recycling (Waste, etc.); Thesaurus Term: Air pollution monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Licenses; Subject Term: Auctions; Subject Term: Corporate history; Subject Term: Welfare economics; Subject Term: Cost; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562920 Materials Recovery Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562119 Other Waste Collection; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27952590&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cass, Ronald A. T1 - Democrats and U.S. Intellectual Property. JO - Wall Street Journal - Eastern Edition JF - Wall Street Journal - Eastern Edition Y1 - 2007/07/02/ VL - 250 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - A15 SN - 00999660 AB - The article questions why U.S. Representative Henry Waxman and 34 other Democrats want Thailand off the Special 301 Priority Watch List of nations violating intellectual property rights. It states that U.S. Trade Representative Susan Schwab followed due process when she added Thailand in the Watch list. It contends that if Waxman and colleagues' request will be granted, it will undermine the rule of law. It hopes that Schwab will refuse to remove Thailand from the Watch List. KW - INTELLECTUAL property infringement KW - EDITORIALS KW - THAILAND KW - UNITED States KW - WAXMAN, Henry A., 1939- KW - SCHWAB, Susan, 1955- N1 - Accession Number: 25659064; Cass, Ronald A. 1,2,3; Affiliation: 1: Vice chairman, U.S. International Trade Commission 2: Dean emeritus, Boston University School of Law 3: Chairman, Center for the Rule of Law; Source Info: 7/2/2007, Vol. 250 Issue 1, pA15; Subject Term: INTELLECTUAL property infringement; Subject Term: EDITORIALS; Subject Term: THAILAND; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519110 News Syndicates; People: WAXMAN, Henry A., 1939-; People: SCHWAB, Susan, 1955-; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25659064&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bernard, Alain L. AU - Fischer, Carolyn AU - Fox, Alan K. T1 - Is there a rationale for output-based rebating of environmental levies? JO - Resource & Energy Economics JF - Resource & Energy Economics Y1 - 2007/05// VL - 29 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 83 EP - 101 SN - 09287655 AB - Abstract: Political pressure often exists for rebating environmental levies, particularly when incomplete regulatory coverage allegedly creates an “unlevel playing field” with other, unregulated firms or industries. This paper assesses the conditions under which rebating environmental levies is justified for the regulated sector, combining a theoretical approach with numerical simulations parameterized to reflect the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. Rebates are undesired if one can instead tax the production of the unregulated sector. Otherwise, rebating is justified only when the goods of the competing sectors are close substitutes with similar emissions profiles. Policy constraints are costly in terms of welfare and environmental effectiveness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Resource & Energy Economics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Greenhouse gases -- Government policy KW - Tax administration & procedure KW - Tax rebates KW - Tax refunds KW - Carbon leakage KW - Emissions permit allocation KW - Environmental tax KW - Fiscal distortions KW - Q2 KW - Rebate N1 - Accession Number: 24423177; Bernard, Alain L. 1; Email Address: alain.bernard@equipement.gouv.fr; Fischer, Carolyn 2; Email Address: fischer@rff.org; Fox, Alan K. 3; Email Address: alan.fox@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Ministry of Transportation and Housing, Tour Pascal B, 92055 Paris La Défense Cedex 04, France; 2: Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1400, United States; 3: U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436, United States; Issue Info: May2007, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p83; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases -- Government policy; Subject Term: Tax administration & procedure; Subject Term: Tax rebates; Subject Term: Tax refunds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon leakage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions permit allocation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental tax; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiscal distortions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Q2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rebate; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2006.07.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=24423177&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dixon, Peter B. AU - Rimmer, Maureen T. AU - Tsigas, Marinos E. AD - Centre of Policy Studies, Monash U AD - Centre of Policy Studies, Monash U AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Regionalising Results from a Detailed CGE Model: Macro, Industry and State Effects in the U.S. of Removing Major Tariffs and Quotas JO - Papers in Regional Science JF - Papers in Regional Science Y1 - 2007/03// VL - 86 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 55 SN - 10568190 N1 - Accession Number: 0943642; Keywords: CGE; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200712 N2 - We describe a tops-down method for regionalising results from a detailed national CGE model. Using a 500-industry U.S. model, we generate macro and industry effects of removing major U.S. import restraints and translate these effects into employment results for U.S. states. Our results indicate that for most industries, the output change would be negligible but for sugar, butter and several textile industries output contractions would be large. The state employment changes are all between -0.5 and 0.2 percent. We explain the results by elementary mechanisms in a way that does not require prior knowledge of the underlying CGE model. KW - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models D58 KW - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R12 KW - General Regional Economics: Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models R15 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291435-5957/issues UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0943642&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291435-5957/issues DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. AU - Newman, Douglas AU - Rogowsky, Robert A. T1 - A Dynamic Model of U.S. Sugar-Related Markets: A Cointegrated Vector Autoregression Approach. JO - Journal of Food Distribution Research JF - Journal of Food Distribution Research Y1 - 2006/07// VL - 37 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 35 EP - 59 SN - 0047245X AB - The methods of the cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) model are applied to monthly U.S. markets for sugar and for sugar-using markets for confectionary, soft drink, and bakery products. Primarily a methods paper, we apply Johansen and Juselius' advanced procedures to these markets for perhaps the first time, with focus on achievement of a statistically adequate model through analysis of a battery of advanced statistical diagnostic tests and on exploitation of the system's cointegration properties through rank restrictions, statistically supported hypothesis test restrictions, and inference. The VEC model results illuminate the estimates of crucial policy-relevant market parameters that drive these markets, as well as the dynamic nature of the relationships linking these sugar-based markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Food Distribution Research is the property of Food Distribution Research Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - REGRESSION analysis KW - SUGAR KW - AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics) KW - CONFECTIONERY KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 22057344; Babula, Ronald A. 1; Newman, Douglas 2; Rogowsky, Robert A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Director of Research and associate professor, Division of International Economics and Policy, Food and Resource Economics Institute, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark; 2: International trade analyst, Office of Industries, United States International Trade Commission; 3: Director of the Office of Operations, United States International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p35; Thesaurus Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: SUGAR; Subject Term: AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics); Subject Term: CONFECTIONERY; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424450 Confectionery Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 445292 Confectionery and Nut Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311314 Cane Sugar Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311310 Sugar manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=22057344&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. AU - Bessler, David A. AU - Rogowsky, Robert A. T1 - Exploiting the cointegration properties of the US soy-based market system. JO - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Section C, Food Economics JF - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Section C, Food Economics Y1 - 2006/06// VL - 3 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 81 EP - 98 SN - 1651288X AB - Perhaps for the first time, this paper applies Johansen and Juselius’ methods of the cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) model to a monthly US system of markets for soybeans, soy meal, and soy oil. Analysis of the error correction or cointegration space illuminates the empirical nature of policy-relevant market elasticities, and of effects of important policy, market, and institutional events on US soy-related markets. A statistically strong US demand for soybeans emerged as the primary cointegrating relation in the error-correction space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Section C, Food Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOYBEAN industry KW - MARKETS KW - SOYBEAN KW - SOY oil KW - DEMAND (Economic theory) KW - UNITED States KW - Cointegration KW - monthly US soy-based markets KW - vector error correction and vector autoregression models N1 - Accession Number: 22908939; Babula, Ronald A. 1; Email Address: rb@foi.dk Bessler, David A. 2 Rogowsky, Robert A. 3; Affiliation: 1: Division of International Economics and Policy, Food and Resource Economics Institute, the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark 2: Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA 3: US International Trade Commission, Washington DC, USA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p81; Subject Term: SOYBEAN industry; Subject Term: MARKETS; Subject Term: SOYBEAN; Subject Term: SOY oil; Subject Term: DEMAND (Economic theory); Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cointegration; Author-Supplied Keyword: monthly US soy-based markets; Author-Supplied Keyword: vector error correction and vector autoregression models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311225 Fats and Oils Refining and Blending; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111110 Soybean Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424510 Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311991 Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/16507540600997430 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22908939&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feinberg, Robert M. AU - Reynolds, Kara M. T1 - The Spread of Antidumping Regimes and the Role of Retaliation in Filings. JO - Southern Economic Journal JF - Southern Economic Journal Y1 - 2006/04// VL - 72 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 877 EP - 890 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. SN - 00384038 AB - Over the past decade, the worldwide use of antidumping has become very widespread—41 WTO-member countries initiated antidumping cases over the 1995–2003 period. From another perspective, U.S. exporters were subjected to 139 antidumping cases during this period, by enforcement agencies representing 20 countries. In this context, it is natural to consider whether antidumping filings may be motivated as retaliation against similar measures imposed on a country's exporters. This is the focus of our study, though we also control for the bilateral export flows involved and nonretaliatory impacts of past cases, with other motivations—macroeconomic, industry-specific, and political considerations—dealt with through fixed effects. Applying probit analysis to a WTO database on reported filings, we find strong evidence that retaliation was a significant motive in explaining the rise of antidumping filings over the past decade, though interesting differences emerge in the reactions to traditional and new users of antidumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Southern Economic Journal is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DUMPING (International trade) KW - ANTIDUMPING duties KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - EXPORTS KW - UNITED States KW - WORLD Trade Organization N1 - Accession Number: 20652470; Feinberg, Robert M. 1; Email Address: feinber@american.edu; Reynolds, Kara M. 2; Email Address: reynolds@american.edu; Affiliations: 1: American University and U.S. International Trade Commission, Department of Economics, Washington, DC 20016- 8029 USA; 2: American University, Department of Economics, Washington, DC 20016-8029 USA; Issue Info: Apr2006, Vol. 72 Issue 4, p877; Thesaurus Term: DUMPING (International trade); Thesaurus Term: ANTIDUMPING duties; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTS; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: WORLD Trade Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20652470&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lofgren, Dana T1 - Singular and Different: Business in China, Past, Present and Future. JO - China Business Review JF - China Business Review Y1 - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006 VL - 33 IS - 2 M3 - Book Review SP - 55 EP - 55 PB - U.S. China Business Council SN - 01637169 AB - Reviews the book "Singular and Different: Business in China, Past, Present and Future," by Ian Rae and Morgen Witzel. KW - BUSINESS KW - NONFICTION KW - RAE, Ian KW - WITZEL, Morgen KW - SINGULAR & Different: Business in China, Past, Present & Future (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 20045021; Lofgren, Dana 1; Affiliations: 1: International trade analyst investigating antidumping and countervailing duty cases, US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p55; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: SINGULAR & Different: Business in China, Past, Present & Future (Book); People: RAE, Ian; People: WITZEL, Morgen; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 645 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20045021&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dean, Judith M. AU - Schaffner, Julie A. AU - Smith, Stephen L.S. T1 - GLOBAL POVERTY: ACADEMICS AND PRACTITIONERS RESPOND. JO - Review of Faith & International Affairs JF - Review of Faith & International Affairs Y1 - 2006/03// VL - 4 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 13 EP - 20 SN - 15570274 AB - Concern about global poverty has recently been increasing in public and private circles and in the church. However, we must recognize that poverty is complex and multidimensional, and solutions will be also. Our solutions need to embody good stewardship by understanding the needs, interests, and incentives of poor communities. Thenacademics and practitioners can partner together, combining their knowledge and experience to research, design, and evaluate effective poverty reduction programs. Supporting efforts that embrace research and evaluation as tools for good stewardship will help generosity translate into real help for poor people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of Faith & International Affairs is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POVERTY KW - BASIC needs KW - POOR people KW - SOCIAL problems KW - CHURCH KW - Economics KW - Foreign Aid KW - Non-governmental Organizations KW - Relief & Development N1 - Accession Number: 76209670; Dean, Judith M. 1 Schaffner, Julie A. 2 Smith, Stephen L.S. 3; Affiliation: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission 2: Tufts University, USA 3: Gordon College, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p13; Subject Term: POVERTY; Subject Term: BASIC needs; Subject Term: POOR people; Subject Term: SOCIAL problems; Subject Term: CHURCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foreign Aid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-governmental Organizations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relief & Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813110 Religious Organizations; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/15570274.2006.9523233 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76209670&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. AU - Rogowsky, Robert A. AU - Romain, Robert F. J. AD - Food and Resource Economics Institute, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural U, Frederiksberg AD - US International Trade Commission AD - CREA and Laval U T1 - Exploitation and Analysis of Long Run Cointegration Properties of a Quarterly System of U.S. Wheat-Related Product Markets JO - Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development JF - Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development Y1 - 2006/// VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 241 EP - 272 SN - 15568520 N1 - Accession Number: 0903014; Keywords: Cereal; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200705 N2 - We apply methods of the cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) model to quarterly U.S. markets for wheat and for the wheat-using products of wheat flour, mixes and doughs, bread, wheat-based breakfast cereals, and cookies and crackers. This study extends recent reduced-form VAR econometric work done on the same markets, by dichotomizing the system into a long run error-correction space of economic relationships and a short run component, with some structural relationships having emerged from the long run error correction space. Results include an array of empirical estimates of the parameters (some structural) and relationships that drive and with which the wheat-related markets interact. An array of empirical estimates of market impacts on policy, institutional, and trade events is also provided. KW - Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices Q11 L3 - https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1670 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0903014&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1670 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hillberry, Russell H. AU - Anderson, Michael A. AU - Balistreri, Edward J. AU - Fox, Alan K. T1 - Taste Parameters as Model Residuals: Assessing the “Fit” of an Armington Trade Model. JO - Review of International Economics JF - Review of International Economics Y1 - 2005/11// VL - 13 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 973 EP - 984 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 09657576 AB - We note that calibration parameters in a multi-country Armington trade model play a role similar to that of econometric residuals: they allow the model to fit the data exactly. We use this premise to evaluate the “fit” of a standard multi-country computable general-equilibrium model. We find that the model relies heavily on these parameters to explain the pattern of trade. In 33 of the 46 commodity groups we assess, modeled economic behavior explains less than 20% of the variation in bilateral trade. In a calibration- as-estimation experiment, we estimate the commodity-specific elasticities of substitution consistent with a well-fitting model and find that they are substantially higher than widely accepted estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of International Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BUSINESS KW - ECONOMETRICS KW - COMMERCIAL products KW - ELASTICITY (Economics) KW - EQUILIBRIUM N1 - Accession Number: 18669142; Hillberry, Russell H. 1; Email Address: rhhi@unimelb.edu.au; Anderson, Michael A. 2; Email Address: AndersonM@wlu.edu; Balistreri, Edward J. 3; Email Address: ebalistr@mines.edu; Fox, Alan K. 4; Email Address: Alan.Fox@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; 2: Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450, USA; 3: Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; 4: Research Division, US International Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20436, USA; Issue Info: Nov2005, Vol. 13 Issue 5, p973; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMETRICS; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL products; Thesaurus Term: ELASTICITY (Economics); Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523140 Commodity Contracts Brokerage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523130 Commodity Contracts Dealing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1467-9396.2005.00548.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=18669142&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jabara, Cathy T1 - Commentary: The United States, Agriculture, and the Doha Round of Negotiations. JO - Global Economy Journal JF - Global Economy Journal Y1 - 2005/10// VL - 5 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 6 SN - 15535304 AB - The article focuses on agriculture in the United States and the Doha Development Round. It presents information on U.S. agricultural exports, imports and trade balance from 1989 to 2004. A major concern of U. S. agricultural producers with the Doha Framework Agreement is the need for any final agreement to result in expanded opportunities for exports through real increases in market access. It details the U.S. domestic reform proposal. KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - ECONOMIC policy KW - EXPORTS KW - FOREIGN trade regulation KW - AGRICULTURE KW - UNITED States KW - agriculture KW - Doha KW - WTO N1 - Accession Number: 19513114; Jabara, Cathy 1; Email Address: Cathy.Jabara@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p1; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC policy; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTS; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN trade regulation; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Doha; Author-Supplied Keyword: WTO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=19513114&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lo, Joanna T1 - Doing Business in China. JO - China Business Review JF - China Business Review Y1 - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005 VL - 32 IS - 4 M3 - Book Review SP - 55 EP - 55 PB - U.S. China Business Council SN - 01637169 AB - Reviews the book "Doing Business in China," by Tim Ambler and Morgen Witzel. KW - BUSINESS enterprises KW - NONFICTION KW - AMBLER, Tim KW - WITZEL, Morgen KW - DOING Business in China (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 17491217; Lo, Joanna 1; Affiliations: 1: International trade analyst investigating antidumping cases for the US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p55; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS enterprises; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: DOING Business in China (Book); People: AMBLER, Tim; People: WITZEL, Morgen; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 576 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=17491217&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feinberg, Robert M. AU - Meurs, Mieke T1 - Market Reform, Infrastructure and Exchange Rate Passthrough in Central and Eastern Europe. JO - Post-Communist Economies JF - Post-Communist Economies Y1 - 2005/03// VL - 17 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 21 EP - 32 PB - Routledge SN - 14631377 AB - The economic liberalisation which has occurred in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) over the past 15 years has aimed at integrating markets into the global economy and realising the benefits of competition. This article examines a three-way pooled sample of annual data for 13 industry sectors in five CEE countries to explore the determinants of real exchange rate effects on domestic prices. Changes in the sensitivity of domestic markets to international shocks, as reflected in these exchange rate effects, may be viewed as a proxy for competitive pressures in these markets. We find that market reforms have played an important role in integrating a country's markets into the global economy, with a lesser impact of infrastructure development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Post-Communist Economies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ECONOMIC policy KW - INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) KW - INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) KW - FOREIGN exchange rates KW - DOMESTIC markets KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - EUROPE, Central KW - EUROPE, Eastern N1 - Accession Number: 16928747; Feinberg, Robert M. 1; Email Address: Feinber@american.edu; Meurs, Mieke 2; Email Address: mmeurs@american.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Economics, American University, Washington, DC 20016–8029, USA; 2: American University and US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p21; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC policy; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics); Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange rates; Thesaurus Term: DOMESTIC markets; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Subject: EUROPE, Central; Subject: EUROPE, Eastern; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/14631370500052456 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=16928747&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Das, Gouranga G. AU - Alavalapati, Janaki R.R. AU - Carter, Douglas R. AU - Tsigas, Marinos E. T1 - Regional impacts of environmental regulations and technical change in the US forestry sector: a multiregional CGE analysis JO - Forest Policy & Economics JF - Forest Policy & Economics Y1 - 2005/01// VL - 7 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 25 EP - 38 SN - 13899341 AB - In this paper, a multiregional computable general equilibrium model, which divides the United States (US) into four broad geographical regions and aggregates other nations into the rest of the world, is used to analyze the effects associated with environmental and technological policy shifts in the US forest sector. In particular, we analyze the impacts of: (i) a 20% reduction in the harvest of timber in the Pacific Northwest relative to other regions; (ii) a 5% increase in the cost of timber production in the US South relative to other regions due to environmental regulations; and (iii) a 2% Total Factor Productivity (TFP) improvement in the South and 1% TFP improvement in the other three US regions. The results show that a 20% reduction in timber harvest induces a shift in regional production and visible gains in welfare, especially in the US South. Furthermore, higher technical progress in the South as compared to the other three regions contributes to an overall increase in forest products’ output and welfare in the US and the rest of the world. On the contrary, an increase in the cost of production in the US South, in response to additional environmental regulations, is shown to reduce welfare for the US and globally. Results of this analysis help forest companies and landowners make production decisions and guide policy makers toward developing appropriate policies to further forest conservation and economic development in the US. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Forest Policy & Economics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Environmental law KW - Environmental regulations KW - Forests & forestry KW - United States KW - CGE KW - Environmental regulation KW - Policy KW - Total Factor Productivity KW - Welfare N1 - Accession Number: 15559238; Das, Gouranga G. 1; Email Address: ggdas@ufl.edu; Alavalapati, Janaki R.R. 1; Email Address: janaki@ufl.edu; Carter, Douglas R. 1; Email Address: drcart@ufl.edu; Tsigas, Marinos E. 2; Email Address: mtsigas@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110 410, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410 USA; 2: US International Trade Commission Office of Economics, Research Division, Washington D.C., USA; Issue Info: Jan2005, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p25; Thesaurus Term: Environmental law; Thesaurus Term: Environmental regulations; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: CGE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental regulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Total Factor Productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Welfare; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00004-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=15559238&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - CHAP AU - Jabara, Cathy AU - Payne, Warren AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Schmitz, Andrew A2 - Moss, Charles B. A2 - Schmitz, Troy G. A2 - Koo, Won W. T1 - NAFTA Trade Disputes and U.S. Agriculture T2 - International Agricultural Trade Disputes: Case Studies in North America PB - Calgary: PB - University of Calgary Press Y1 - 2005/// SP - 3 EP - 12 N1 - Accession Number: 0861040; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-55238-152-8; Keywords: Agriculture; NAFTA; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: NAFTA; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200608 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economic Integration F15 KW - International Law K33 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0861040&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reeder, John AU - Babula, Ronald A. AU - Jabara, Cathy L. AU - Torene, Jillian A. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Cornell U T1 - Effects of Two Non-U.S. Regional Trade Pacts on the Venezuelan Soy Products Trade and U.S. Exports JO - Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development JF - Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development Y1 - 2005/// VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 169 EP - 197 SN - 15568520 N1 - Accession Number: 0903000; Keywords: Agreement; Exports; MERCOSUR; Trade Agreements; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Latin America; U.S.; Venezuela; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200705 N2 - Since the mid-1990s, the two regional trade agreements in South America, the southern Mercosur Pact (among Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay), and the northern Andean Pact (among Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru) noticeably affected certain trade patterns between the two pacts' members and with the United States for various reasons discussed herein. The effect of trade diversion owing to the Andean Pact with its common external tariff and price band system against non-Andean products was examined for soybean and soybean meal imports into Venezuela historically an important market for U.S. products. As well, the recent combining of Mercosur and Andean nations into a single regional trade agreement is likely to further adversely affect U.S. soy product sales to Venezuela. A partial equilibrium, deterministic, and Armington-type model of the Venezuelan market for soybeans and meal was formulated by combining tariffs and the Andean price band variable levy into a single price wedge. Model results suggest that a combined Mercosur and Andean customs union under either a high or a low world soybean product price scenario would noticeably benefit Mercosur suppliers at the expense of the United States as well as adversely affect domestic Venezuelan producers (soybean processors) and fellow Andean member Bolivia. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Economic Integration F15 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 L3 - https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1670 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0903000&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1670 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Boughner, Devry S. AU - Coleman, Jonathan R. AD - Unlisted AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. A2 - Alvarez, Jose T1 - The U.S. Market as an Option for Cuban Sugar T2 - Reinventing the Cuban Sugar Agroindustry PB - Lanham, Md. and Oxford: PB - Rowman and Littlefield Y1 - 2005/// SP - 127 EP - 141 N1 - Accession Number: 0831682; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-7391-0999-5 (cloth); 0-7391-1000-4 (paper); Keywords: Sugar; Geographic Descriptors: Cuba; U.S.; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200604 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture P32 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0831682&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andriamananjara, Soamiely AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Trade and International Transport Services: An Analytical Framework JO - Journal of Economic Integration JF - Journal of Economic Integration Y1 - 2004/09// VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 604 EP - 625 SN - 1225651X N1 - Accession Number: 0754980; Keywords: Agreement; International Trade; Liberalization; Tariff; Trade; Transport; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200412 N2 - International Transport Services (ITS) play an important role in influencing international trade flows. This paper develops an analytical framework in which ITS costs are endogenously determined. It shows that ITS sector liberalization foster international trade very much the same way tariff liberalization does. From a political economy viewpoint, a unilateral liberalization of the sector may not always be politically feasible, and a multilateral agreement can help prop up support for reform. It is further argued that deregulation and competition policy reform are more likely to be feasible if undertaken jointly. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economics of Regulation L51 KW - Transportation: General L91 KW - Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy L98 L3 - http://sejong.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=homemainpublications,1,1; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0754980&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://sejong.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=homemainpublications,1,1; DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - GEN AU - Szymanski, Dennis AU - Johnson, Bill AU - Roberts, Kenneth AU - Grover, Varun AU - Forman, Mark A. AU - Jones, Russell T1 - InBox. JO - CIO JF - CIO Y1 - 2004/07//7/1/2004 VL - 17 IS - 18 M3 - Letter SP - 14 EP - 19 SN - 08949301 AB - Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues of the journal "CIO." "For the IRS There's No EZ Fix," which was about the U.S. Internal Revenue Service modernization; "The Engine That Drives Success," which was about IT and competitive advantage; "The Argument Over IT," which discussed the interaction of IT and a variety of different resources. KW - INFORMATION technology KW - COMPETITIVE advantage KW - BUSINESS intelligence KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - UNITED States. Internal Revenue Service N1 - Accession Number: 13640191; Szymanski, Dennis 1; Email Address: dennis.szymanski@usitc.gov; Johnson, Bill 2; Email Address: bjohnson@insysco.com; Roberts, Kenneth 3; Email Address: kroberts@naritus.com; Grover, Varun 4; Email Address: vgrover@clemson.edu; Forman, Mark A. 5; Email Address: mark.forman@cassatt.com; Jones, Russell 6; Email Address: rjones@decisivetech.net; Affiliations: 1: Deputy CIO, U.S. International Trade Commission; 2: Executive Vice President, Information Systems Consulting Group Inc. (InSysCo); 3: Naritus Inc.; 4: William S. Lee, Distinguished Professor of IS Clemson University; 5: Executive VP, Worldwide Services Cassatt Corp.; 6: President, Decisive Technology LLC; Issue Info: 7/1/2004, Vol. 17 Issue 18, p14; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION technology; Thesaurus Term: COMPETITIVE advantage; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS intelligence; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Internal Revenue Service; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=13640191&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - RICHARD W. BROWN AU - ROBERT M. FEINBERG T1 - The measurement and effects of barriers to trade in basic telecommunication services: the role of negotiations The views expressed in this article are solely those of the authors. They are not the views of the US International Trade Commission or any individual Commissioners. The authors thank anonymous referees for helpful comments on an earlier draft. The authors also wish to thank Cynthia Payne for her extensive and patient assistance in developing the data sets underlying this analysis. JO - World Trade Review JF - World Trade Review Y1 - 2004/07// VL - 3 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 225 EP - 237 SN - 14747456 AB - Using econometric methods, this analysis develops quantity impacts of impediments to trade in voice telephone services, focusing on the perspective of negotiated agreements. These impacts, estimated on the basis of market, demographic, and policy variables, establish a baseline from which the achievements of future trade rounds, including the Doha Round, could be compared. In a departure from previous literature in this area, this article draws on documents appended or pertaining to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) to identify barriers to trade in voice telephone services, and to estimate quantity impacts on this basis. The article finds that market access and national treatment commitments scheduled by WTO members under the GATS, when complemented by commitments to pro-competitive regulatory disciplines, may be formulated into meaningful policy variables. These policy variables are found to be statistically significant in explaining market penetration in voice telephone services, as are variables for income and private sector ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of World Trade Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TELECOMMUNICATION systems KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - TELEPHONE systems KW - TELECOMMUNICATION KW - INTERNATIONAL economic relations N1 - Accession Number: 21963778; RICHARD W. BROWN 1; ROBERT M. FEINBERG 2; Affiliations: 1: US International Trade Commission; 2: American University and US International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Jul2004, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p225; Thesaurus Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: TELEPHONE systems; Thesaurus Term: TELECOMMUNICATION; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic relations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811213 Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=21963778&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brown, Richard W. AU - Feinberg, Robert M. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - American U and US International Trade Commission T1 - The Measurement and Effects of Barriers to Trade in Basic Telecommunication Services: The Role of Negotiations JO - World Trade Review JF - World Trade Review Y1 - 2004/07// VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 225 EP - 237 SN - 14747456 N1 - Accession Number: 0752507; Keywords: Agreement; Policy; Telecommunication; Telephone; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200411 N2 - Using econometric methods, this analysis develops quantity impacts of impediments to trade in voice telephone services, focusing on the perspective of negotiated agreements. These impacts, estimated on the basis of market, demographic, and policy variables, establish a baseline from which the achievements of future trade rounds, including the Doha Round, could be compared. In a departure from previous literature in this area, this article draws on documents appended or pertaining to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) to identify barriers to trade in voice telephone services, and to estimate quantity impacts on this basis. The article finds that market access and national treatment commitments scheduled by WTO members under the GATS, when complemented by commitments to pro-competitive regulatory disciplines, may be formulated into meaningful policy variables. These policy variables are found to be statistically significant in explaining market penetration in voice telephone services, as are variables for income and private sector ownership. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Telecommunications L96 L3 - http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayBackIssues?jid=WTR UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0752507&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayBackIssues?jid=WTR DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. AU - Bessler, David A. AU - Payne, Warren S. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - TX A&M U AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Dynamic Relationships among U.S. Wheat-Related Markets: Applying Directed Acyclic Graphs to a Time Series Model JO - Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics JF - Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics Y1 - 2004/04// VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 22 SN - 10740708 N1 - Accession Number: 0731369; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200406 N2 - Using advanced methods of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with Bernanke structural vector autoregression (VAR) models, this article extends recent econometric research on quarterly U.S. markets for wheat and wheat-based, value-added products downstream. Analyses of impulse response simulations and forecast error variance decompositions provide updated estimates of market elasticity parameters that drive these markets, and updated policy-relevant information on how these quarterly markets run and dynamically interact. Results suggest that movements in wheat and downstream wheat-based markets strongly influence each other, although most of these effects occur at the longer run horizons beyond a single crop cycle. KW - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits L66 KW - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness Q13 L3 - http://www.saea.org/currentback-issues-indexes/ UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0731369&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.saea.org/currentback-issues-indexes/ DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. AU - Corey, Jr., Roger L. T1 - U.S. Canned Tuna Supply and Demand. JO - Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing JF - Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing Y1 - 2004/04// VL - 16 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 145 SN - 08974438 AB - A 3SLS econometric model is used to estimate price elasticities of supply and demand for domestically produced and imported canned tuna in the U.S. market. In addition, a VAR model is developed to examine the relations between imports and domestically produced canned tuna. For domestically produced canned tuna, a 3SLS estimation of a structural econometric model yielded a coefficient for price elasticity of supply of 0.2 and of own-price demand of -0.3. Such price inelasticities are expected of a fishery exploited at or near its maximum yields (inelastic supply), and a consumer product widely viewed as almost a necessity in a well-stocked pantry (inelastic demand). In addition, the model yielded a cross-price elasticity of demand with respect to the price of imported canned tuna of 0.45. Additional results include an income elasticity U.S. demand for domestically packed tuna of 0.83; a cross-price elasticity with the price of bread (a complement) of -0.33, a cross-price elasticity for the price of ground meat (a substitute) of 0.30. With respect to imported canned tuna in the U.S. market, the corresponding elasticities estimated in the model are -1.3 (own-price demand), 3.5 (income elasticity),-1.2 (cross-price with the price of bread) and 2.5 (cross-price with the price of ground meat). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Econometric models KW - Fish industry KW - Canned tuna KW - Supply & demand KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Inelastic demand KW - Consumer goods KW - Canned fish KW - United States KW - canned tuna KW - international trade KW - price elasticities KW - VAR model N1 - Accession Number: 27644945; Babula, Ronald A. 1; Email Address: babula@usitc.gov; Corey, Jr., Roger L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Industry Economist, Agriculture Division, United States International Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20436.; 2: Trade Analyst, Agriculture Division, United States International Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20436.; Issue Info: 2004, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p145; Thesaurus Term: Econometric models; Thesaurus Term: Fish industry; Subject Term: Canned tuna; Subject Term: Supply & demand; Subject Term: Elasticity (Economics); Subject Term: Inelastic demand; Subject Term: Consumer goods; Subject Term: Canned fish; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: canned tuna; Author-Supplied Keyword: international trade; Author-Supplied Keyword: price elasticities; Author-Supplied Keyword: VAR model; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311710 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 532299 All Other Consumer Goods Rental; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424460 Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413140 Fish and seafood product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 445220 Fish and Seafood Markets; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1300/J047v16n02•09 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27644945&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andriamananjara, Soamiely AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Preferential Trade Agreements: Endogenous Response of the Third Country JO - Economics Bulletin JF - Economics Bulletin Y1 - 2004/// VL - 6 IS - 21 SP - 1 EP - 11 N1 - Accession Number: 0782779; Keywords: Agreement; Multilateralism; Trade Agreements; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200507 N2 - In most of the current debate on regionalism versus multilateralism, the countries excluded from a Preferential Trading Agreement (PTA) are assumed to be passive players with exogenously fixed trade policies. In reality however, non-members do react to the creation of a trading bloc and relaxing this assumption can provide useful insights. Using a political economy model, this paper explore the case where those excluded countries can adjust their commercial policies in order to minimize the negative effects of the PTA. It is shown that the creation of a PTA can lead the excluded countries to increase their trade barriers with respect to the PTA members. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economic Integration F15 L3 - http://www.economicsbulletin.com/ UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0782779&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.economicsbulletin.com/ DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Balistreri, Edward J. AU - McDaniel, Christine A. AU - Wong, Eina Vivian T1 - An estimation of US industry-level capital–labor substitution elasticities: support for Cobb–Douglas JO - North American Journal of Economics & Finance JF - North American Journal of Economics & Finance Y1 - 2003/12// VL - 14 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 343 SN - 10629408 AB - A key parameter that determines the distributional impacts of a policy shift in general equilibrium models is the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. Despite the importance of this parameter in applied modeling, its identification continues to pose a challenge. Given the structure of most growth models, we posit that the true relationship between capital and labor is likely to be close to Cobb–Douglas. Using a rich new data set from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), we estimate substitution elasticities for 28 industries that cover the entire economy, and provide an indication of the long- and short-run ranges of those estimates. We fail to reject the Cobb–Douglas specification in 20 of the 28 industries. These findings lend support to the Cobb–Douglas specification as a transparent starting point in simulation analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of North American Journal of Economics & Finance is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LABOR KW - CAPITAL KW - EQUILIBRIUM (Economics) KW - INDUSTRIES KW - DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory) KW - Computable general equilibrium models KW - Econometric methods KW - Time-series models N1 - Accession Number: 11253500; Balistreri, Edward J. 1; Email Address: ebalistreri@usitc.gov; McDaniel, Christine A. 2; Wong, Eina Vivian 3; Affiliations: 1: Research Division, Office of Economics, US International Trade Commission, 500 E St. SW, Washington, DC 20436, USA; 2: Research Division, Office of Economics, US International Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20436, USA; 3: Department of Economics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Issue Info: Dec2003, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p343; Thesaurus Term: LABOR; Thesaurus Term: CAPITAL; Thesaurus Term: EQUILIBRIUM (Economics); Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIES; Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: Computable general equilibrium models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Econometric methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-series models; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S1062-9408(03)00024-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=11253500&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hillberry, Russell AU - Hummels, David AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Purdue U T1 - Intranational Home Bias: Some Explanations JO - Review of Economics and Statistics JF - Review of Economics and Statistics Y1 - 2003/11// VL - 85 IS - 4 SP - 1089 EP - 1092 SN - 00346535 N1 - Accession Number: 0672560; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200401 N2 - Wolf demonstrates that trade within the United States appears substantially impeded by state borders. We revisit this finding with improved data. We show that much intranational home bias can be explained by wholesaling activity. Shipments by wholesalers are much more localized within states than shipments from manufacturing establishments. Controlling for relative prices and the use of actual, rather than imputed, shipment distances also reduces home bias estimates. KW - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes R11 L3 - http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0672560&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDaniel, Christine A. AU - Agama, Laurie-Ann T1 - The NAFTA Preference and US-Mexico Trade: Aggregate-Level Analysis. JO - World Economy JF - World Economy Y1 - 2003/07// VL - 26 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 939 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 03785920 AB - This paper focuses on the US tariff preference afforded to Mexico relative to non-NAFTA trading partners and evaluates the trade effects of NAFTA in a manner consistent with the idea behind a preferential trading agreement. The estimation technique exploits the time-varying dimension of the tariff preference over 1989 to 2001. This is important because the tariff preference for Mexico into the United States market existed prior to NAFTA. Further, the NAFTA preference was phased in over time. We find that a higher US tariff preference for Mexico corresponds to increased US import demand for Mexican goods, and that a higher Mexican tariff preference for the United States corresponds to increased Mexican demand for US exports. Interestingly, import demand was more responsive to changes in the tariff preference once NAFTA was in place than it was on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of World Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMMERCIAL treaties KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - FREE trade KW - UNITED States KW - MEXICO N1 - Accession Number: 10763660; McDaniel, Christine A. 1; Agama, Laurie-Ann 1; Affiliations: 1: The Office of Economics, US International Trade Commission, Washington, DC.; Issue Info: Jul2003, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p939; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL treaties; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: FREE trade; Subject: UNITED States; Subject: MEXICO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/1467-9701.00557 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=10763660&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDaniel, Christine A. AU - Balistreri, Edward J. AD - US Department of Commerce AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - A Review of Armington Trade Substitution Elasticities JO - Economie Internationale JF - Economie Internationale Y1 - 2003///2nd-3rd Trimester 2003 IS - 94-95 SP - 301 EP - 314 SN - 12408093 N1 - Accession Number: 0727997; Keywords: Policy; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Colombia; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200405 N2 - Results from applied partial and general equilibrium models used to examine trade policy are almost universally sensitive to Armington elasticities. While econometric estimates have been offered for 30 years, many economists view these estimates as small. A few robust findings emerge from the econometric literature: (1) long-run estimates are higher than short-run estimates, (2) more disaggregate analyses find higher elasticities, and (3) reduced-form time-series analyses find lower elasticities relative to cross-sectional studies. We review the literature and offer simulation results to illustrate the sensitivity of general equilibrium models to Armington elasticities. KW - Neoclassical Models of Trade F11 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O24 L3 - http://www.cepii.fr/francgraph/publications/ecointern/presentation.htm UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0727997&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.cepii.fr/francgraph/publications/ecointern/presentation.htm DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gallaway, Michael P. AU - McDaniel, Christine A. AU - Rivera, Sandra A. T1 - Short-run and long-run industry-level estimates of U.S. Armington elasticities JO - North American Journal of Economics & Finance JF - North American Journal of Economics & Finance Y1 - 2003/03// VL - 14 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 49 SN - 10629408 AB - The Armington substitution elasticity is a key parameter for trade-policy analysis. We estimate short- and long-run Armington elasticities for 309 manufacturing industries at the four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) level over the period 1989–1995. Our estimation results offer a comprehensive, disaggregated, and up-to-date set of Armington elasticities. On average, long-run estimates are approximately two times larger than the short-run estimates, which is important since long-run estimates are more appropriate for most trade-policy analysis. Also, statistically significant differences exist within most three-digit SIC categories, which highlights the importance of estimation at a disaggregated level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of North American Journal of Economics & Finance is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELASTICITY (Economics) KW - INDUSTRIES -- Classification KW - Applied modeling KW - Armington elasticities KW - International trade N1 - Accession Number: 9101081; Gallaway, Michael P.; McDaniel, Christine A.; Email Address: cmcdaniel@usitc.gov; Rivera, Sandra A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Division, Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20436, USA; Issue Info: Mar2003, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p49; Thesaurus Term: ELASTICITY (Economics); Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIES -- Classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Applied modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Armington elasticities; Author-Supplied Keyword: International trade; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S1062-9408(02)00101-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9101081&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDaniel, Christine A. AU - Balistreri, Edward J. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - A Review of Armington Trade Substitution Elasticities JO - Integration and Trade JF - Integration and Trade Y1 - 2003/01//January-June 2003 VL - 7 IS - 18 SP - 161 EP - 173 SN - 10275703 N1 - Accession Number: 0736052; Keywords: Policy; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200407 N2 - Results from applied partial and general equilibrium models used to examine trade policy are almost universally sensitive to trade elasticities. Indeed, the Armington elasticity, the degree of substitution between domestic and imported goods, is a key behavioral parameter that drives the quantitative, and sometimes the qualitative, results that policymakers use. While standard transparent approaches to econometric estimation of these elasticities have been offered for the last 30 years, many trade economists view the estimates as fairly small. A few robust findings emerge from the econometric literature: (1) long-run estimates are higher than short-run estimates, (2) more disaggregate analyses find higher elasticities, and (3) reduced-form time series analyses generally find lower elasticities relative to cross-sectional studies that include a consideration of the supply conditions. We offer simulation results to illustrate the sensitivity of general equilibrium models to Armington elasticities. We conclude with remarks on the current challenges that remain in choosing these important parameters. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O24 L3 - http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/ObrasDigitalizadas.aspx?sub_base=INTEG.TRADE.&clase=R UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0736052&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/ObrasDigitalizadas.aspx?sub_base=INTEG.TRADE.&clase=R DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - BOOK AU - U.S. International Trade Commission T1 - The impact of trade agreements: Effect of the Tokyo Round, U.S.-Israel FTA, U.S.-Canada FTA, NAFTA, and the Uruguay Round on the U.S. economy PB - Investigation No. TA-2111-1. Publication 3621. PB - Washington, D.C.: PB - Author Y1 - 2003/// SP - xxx N1 - Accession Number: 0676179; Keywords: Agreement; Free Trade; NAFTA; Trade Agreements; Trade Negotiations; Trade; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200403 N2 - Assesses the economic impact on the United States of five major trade agreements implemented over the past twenty-five years: the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, the United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement, the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the Uruguay Round Agreements. Presents historical background on the five trade agreements. Reviews economic changes in the United States since the beginning of the Tokyo Round. Analyzes developments in all industry sectors of the economy during 1978-2001, covering services, machinery and electronics, agriculture, chemicals and allied products, mineral and metal products, transportation equipment, forest and fishery products, energy and fuels, miscellaneous productions, and textiles and apparel. For each sector, provides an overview of trends in output, employment, and productivity; describes the effects of the five trade agreements; and examines other factors that have affected sectoral developments, including domestic and foreign competitive conditions, macroeconomic influences, technological innovation, changes in industry structure, and government regulations. Estimates the impact of NAFTA tariff reduction and tariff preferences on U.S. and Mexican trade in goods across industries. Provides comparative simulations of the economywide effects of the five trade agreements negotiated under fast-track authority. Documents a recent growth in the number of import sources per commodity imported to the United States; employs an econometric model to estimate the role of tariff reductions in increased import variety; and uses a calibrated theoretical model to demonstrate the possible magnitude of the associated welfare gains. Bibliography; no index. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0676179&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schaefer, Kurt C. AU - Hamersma, Sarah E. AU - Vander Veen, Thomas D. T1 - AFDC and births to unwed women JO - Labour Economics JF - Labour Economics Y1 - 2002/12// VL - 9 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 801 SN - 09275371 AB - Most studies by economists have been inconclusive when seeking a consistent relationship between income-support programs [like aid to families with dependent children (AFDC)] and births to unwed women (or, as the literature traditionally terms it, illegitimacy). But a recent study [Southern Econ. J. 62 (1995) 44] reports a large, positive and statistically significant relationship when data are weighted to reflect differences in propensities toward illegitimacy. We find that the 1995 study appears to rely upon erroneous data and irregular econometric technique. When these are remedied, the major results are reversed. We then suggest that a switching regimes methodology, with parameters influenced by other variables, is more appropriate to the issue. Our empirical results confirm the literature''s consensus that AFDC and illegitimacy do not appear to be strongly related. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Labour Economics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ECONOMETRICS KW - AID to families with dependent children programs KW - INCOME maintenance programs KW - ILLEGITIMACY N1 - Accession Number: 7913103; Schaefer, Kurt C. 1; Email Address: schk@calvin.edu; Hamersma, Sarah E. 2; Vander Veen, Thomas D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Calvin College, 3201 Burton S.E., 49546 Grand Rapids, MI, USA; 2: The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; 3: United States International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: Dec2002, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p801; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMETRICS; Thesaurus Term: AID to families with dependent children programs; Thesaurus Term: INCOME maintenance programs; Subject Term: ILLEGITIMACY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624110 Child and Youth Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=7913103&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dean, J.M. T1 - Does trade liberalization harm the environment? A new test. JO - Canadian Journal of Economics JF - Canadian Journal of Economics Y1 - 2002/11// VL - 35 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 819 EP - 842 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 00084085 AB - Some believe that relatively lenient environmental standards give developing countries a comparative advantage in pollution–intensive goods. Thus, freer trade will harm their environment. This paper brings together the literature on openness and growth, and on the environmental Kuznet’s curve, to demonstrate that the opposite may be true. A simultaneous–equations system is derived which incorporates multiple effects of trade liberalization on the environment. Estimation using pooled provincial data on Chinese water pollution, suggests that freer trade aggravates environmental damage via the terms of trade, but mitigates it via income growth. Simulations suggest that the net effect in China was beneficial. JEL Classification: Fl3, Q28, 0l9 Est–ce que la libéralisation du commerce est nuisible pour l’environnement? Un nouveau test. Certains croient que des normes environnementales relativement peu contraignantes donnent un avantage comparatif aux pays en voie de développement dans la production de biens qui polluent intensivement. Donc, un commerce plus libre contribuera à nuire à l’environnement. Ce mémoire synthétise la littérature spécialisée sur l’ouverture des marchés et la croissance, ainsi que sur la courbe de Kuznets, pour montrer que l’inverse est vrai. On dérive un système d’équations simultanées qui incorpore les multiples effets de la libéralisation du commerce sur l’environnement. La calibration de ce système, en utilisant de manière intégrée les données provinciales de pollution de l’eau en Chine, suggère qu’un commerce plus libre aggrave l’état de l’environnement par le truchement du jeu des termes d’échange, mais que cet effet est mitigé par l’effet de croissance des revenus. Des simulations suggèrent que l’effet net en Chine est positif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FREE trade KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - ECONOMICS N1 - Accession Number: 7545448; Dean, J.M. 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission email: jdean@usitc.gov; Issue Info: Nov2002, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p819; Thesaurus Term: FREE trade; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=7545448&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andriamananjara, Soamiely AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - On the Size and Number of Preferential Trading Arrangements JO - Journal of International Trade and Economic Development JF - Journal of International Trade and Economic Development Y1 - 2002/09// VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 279 EP - 295 SN - 09638199 N1 - Accession Number: 0627352; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200211 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economic Integration F15 L3 - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjte20 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0627352&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjte20 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hillberry, Russell H. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Aggregation Bias, Compositional Change, and the Border Effect JO - Canadian Journal of Economics JF - Canadian Journal of Economics Y1 - 2002/08// VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 517 EP - 530 SN - 00084085 N1 - Accession Number: 0627929; Keywords: Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Canada; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200212 N2 - Borders affect the composition, not only the level, of interregional trade. In disaggregated U.S. Commodity Flow data, border effects vary substantially across commodities. Substantial border-induced compositional change suggests the possibility that standard estimates suffer from aggregation bias arising from endogenous industry location patterns and the presence of zero observations in commodity-level trade. Adjusting for these effects reduces the estimate of the aggregate border effect from 20.9 to 5.7. KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291540-5982 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0627929&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291540-5982 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boughner, Devry S. AU - Coleman, Jonathan R. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Normalizing Trade Relations with Cuba: GATT-Compliant Options for the Allocation of the U.S. Sugar Tariff-Rate Quota JO - Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy JF - Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy Y1 - 2002/// VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 61 SN - 14965208 N1 - Accession Number: 0666253; Keywords: GATT; Quotas; Sugar; Tariff; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Cuba; U.S.; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200311 N2 - Even after 40 years of sanctions, there remain huge differences of opinion on U.S.-Cuba relations. One point all sides agree on, however, is that sooner or later sanctions will be removed. Lifting sanctions raises several issues concerning sugar trade between the two countries. With U.S. sugar prices kept significantly higher than world levels, the U.S. market would be highly attractive for Cuban sugar exporters upon the removal of sanctions. Cuba almost certainly would request access to the U.S. sugar market based on U.S. trade obligations under the World Trade Organization (WTO). The purpose of this paper is to suggest the legal context of U.S. obligations under the WTO with respect to sugar imports from Cuba and to present several options for allocation of the U.S. sugar tariff-rate quota to Cuba under a normalized trade relationship. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 L3 - http://www.esteycentre.com/journal/archives.htm UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0666253&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.esteycentre.com/journal/archives.htm DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benjamin, Nancy AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AD - World Bank AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Trade Policy and Productivity Growth in OECD Manufacturing JO - International Economic Journal JF - International Economic Journal Y1 - 2001///Winter VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 95 EP - 115 SN - 10168737 N1 - Accession Number: 0595348; Keywords: Economic Growth; Exports; Growth; Import; Liberalization; Manufacturing; Policy; Productivity; Technological Change; Technologies; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200202 N2 - Trade liberalization may promote economic growth in a number of ways, including by accelerating the rate of technological change. Firms that face more intense import competition may be spurred to greater rates of innovation; firms which export may absorb new technologies through their contact with international markets. This paper examines evidence on trade policy and productivity growth for a sample of thirteen OECD countries and including eighteen manufacturing sectors, using data primarily from the 1980s. Within individual sectors, there are strong productivity convergence effects within the OECD. After controlling for convergence, we find a positive association between high rates of productivity growth and low tariffs, and between high productivity growth and strong export performance. We found no particular association between high productivity growth and import penetration. The results are consistent with the possibility of positive linkages between trade liberalization and accelerated productivity growth. KW - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence O47 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes O33 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L60 L3 - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/riej20 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0595348&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/riej20 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cass, Ronald A. AU - Haring, John R. AD - Boston U and US International Trade Commission AD - FCC T1 - Domestic Regulation and International Trade: Where's the Race?--Lessons from Telecommunications and Export Controls JO - Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines JF - Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines Y1 - 2001/12// VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 531 EP - 574 SN - 11456396 N1 - Accession Number: 0617249; Keywords: Exports; Free Trade; International Trade; Regulation; Telecommunication; Trade; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200209 N2 - The debate over international trade has long pitted "free trade" advocates against those who argue that particular reasons support trade restraints. The newest argument is that open trade leads to a "race to the bottom" in the regulation of health, safety, welfare, and especially labor and environmental concerns, harming the nation's citizens and undermining national sovereignty. One predicate for this argument--that trade increases competitive pressure on domestic industry--is accurate. That, in turn, will raise the cost of some national policies that otherwise would win (or sustain) political approval. But the remainder of the race to the bottom argument rests on assumptions about regulation, the political process, and trade that do not stand up to examination. While responses to increased international competition will vary, the effects of such competition will generally be consistent with any meaningful notion of sovereignty and also will improve national welfare judged by common economic norms. KW - Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy L98 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Telecommunications L96 KW - Open Economy Macroeconomics F41 KW - Economics of Regulation L51 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0617249&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. AU - Fry, John AU - Hall, H. Keith AU - Jabara, Cathy L. T1 - A Comparative Static Analysis of European Union Tariff and Support Policies for Canned Pears. JO - Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing JF - Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing Y1 - 2001/10// VL - 13 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 29 SN - 08974438 AB - A nonlinear, partial equilibrium, Armington model of the European Union canned pear market was built and simulated for reductions in specific EU policies and for reductions in selected combinations of these policies relevant to canned pears: import tariffs, factor subsidies, and an output subsidy. Effects of these policy reductions on the following EU canned pear market variables were comparatively analyzed: own-product consumption, imports, exports, and price. Comparative analyses of these policy-specific effects were conducted from two viewpoints: the absolute magnitudes of completely eliminating, and the marginal effects of incrementally reducing, the EU policies and policy combinations. Among other findings, results suggest that EU tariff reduction enhances EU imports more than EU subsidy reduction, and that EU subsidy reduction increases EU prices more effectively than reducing EU tariffs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Computer simulation KW - Food industry KW - Canned pears KW - Canned foods KW - Agricultural subsidies KW - Export subsidies KW - Importers KW - International trade KW - canned pears KW - comparative static analysis KW - factor subsidies KW - output subsidy KW - tariff KW - European Union N1 - Accession Number: 27644899; Babula, Ronald A. 1; Fry, John 2; Hall, H. Keith 3; Jabara, Cathy L. 4; Affiliations: 1: Industry Economist, U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), 500 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20436.; 2: International Trade Analyst, U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), 500 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20436.; 3: Senior International Economist, Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), 500 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20436.; 4: Division Chief, Agricultural and Forest Products Division, Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), 500 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20436.; Issue Info: 2001, Vol. 13 Issue 2/3, p29; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Food industry; Subject Term: Canned pears; Subject Term: Canned foods; Subject Term: Agricultural subsidies; Subject Term: Export subsidies; Subject Term: Importers; Subject Term: International trade; Author-Supplied Keyword: canned pears; Author-Supplied Keyword: comparative static analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: factor subsidies; Author-Supplied Keyword: output subsidy; Author-Supplied Keyword: tariff ; Company/Entity: European Union; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311422 Specialty Canning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311420 Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling and drying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311421 Fruit and Vegetable Canning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311991 Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1300/J047v13n02•03 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27644899&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDaniel, Christine A. AU - Smarzynska, Beata K. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - World Bank T1 - Engineers on the Production Floor? State-Level Evidence That Patenting and Production Locate Together JO - World Economy JF - World Economy Y1 - 2001/06// VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 829 EP - 847 SN - 03785920 N1 - Accession Number: 0588410; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200111 KW - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis R32 KW - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O32 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9701/issues UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0588410&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9701/issues DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andriamananjara, Soamiely AU - Schiff, Maurice AD - US International Trade Commission AD - World Bank T1 - Regional Cooperation among Microstates JO - Review of International Economics JF - Review of International Economics Y1 - 2001/02// VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 51 SN - 09657576 N1 - Accession Number: 0565881; Keywords: Cooperation; Integration; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200106 N2 - Owing to their low bargaining power and high negotiation costs, microstates face severe disadvantages when dealing with the outside world. Forming a group with neighboring nations might be an effective instrument to address this problem. This paper presents a model in which the decision to form, expand or join a regional club is based on negotiation costs and bargaining power rather than on the traditional costs and benefits of trade integration. The model is used to determine the optimal and the equilibrium group size under various entry conditions. The welfare implications of the entry conditions are also examined. KW - International Economic Order F02 KW - Economic Integration F15 KW - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D72 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9396/issues UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0565881&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9396/issues DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. T1 - Quarterly Dynamic Relationships Between the U.S. Wheat Market and Wheat-Related Prices for Products Downstream. JO - Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing JF - Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing Y1 - 2001/01/23/ VL - 11 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 17 EP - 40 SN - 08974438 AB - A quarterly VA R econometric model of the reduced form relationships between the U.S. wheat market and prices of processed wheat-related flour, bread, and other bakery products downstream was estimated. The model then simulated under a rise in production- or import-induced increase in wheat quantity, and a decline in wheat price, to examine the dynamic effects on the U.S. wheat market and on processed wheat-related prices downstream. U.S. trade negotiators at the upcoming WTO agricultural round, Federal policy makers, farmers, and agribusiness agents should be interested in the dynamic patterns with which negotiated trade conditions, farm policy alterations, and climatic variation influence wheat quantity and price, and in turn the price of more highly processed wheat-based products downstream. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 76050437; Babula, Ronald A. 1; Email Address: Babula@usitc.gov; Affiliations: 1: Agricultural Crops Branch, Agriculture and Forest Products Division, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E. St., SW, Washington, DC, 20436, USA; Issue Info: Jan2001, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p17; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1300/J047v11n03_02 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=76050437&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - CHAP AU - Fixler, Dennis AU - Ginsburg, Mitchell AD - US Bureau of Labor Statistics AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Cutler, David M. A2 - Berndt, Ernst R. T1 - Health Care Output and Prices in the Producer Price Index T2 - Medical care output and productivity PB - NBER Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 62. PB - Chicago and London: PB - University of Chicago Press Y1 - 2001/// SP - 221 EP - 267 N1 - Accession Number: 0650600; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-226-13226-9; Keywords: Health Care; Health; Prices; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 KW - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation E31 KW - Analysis of Health Care Markets I11 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0650600&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gallaway, Michael P. AU - Blonigen, Bruce A. AU - Flynn, Joseph E. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - U OR AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Erratum to 'Welfare Costs of the U.S. Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws.' JO - Journal of International Economics JF - Journal of International Economics Y1 - 2000/10// VL - 52 IS - 1 SP - 205 EP - 205 SN - 00221996 N1 - Accession Number: 0547151; Keywords: Anti Dumping; Antidumping; Duty; Welfare; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200012 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models D58 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221996 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0547151&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221996 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - de Pineres, Sheila Amin Gutierrez AU - Ferrantino, Michael T1 - The Commodity Composition of Export Portfolios: A Comparative Analysis of Latin America. JO - Latin American Business Review JF - Latin American Business Review Y1 - 2000/09// VL - 1 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 1 SN - 10978526 AB - We construct measures of export similarity among seventeen Latin American countries over the period 1962-1991, and use cluster analyses to identify groups of countries with similar comparative advantage based mainly on their principal primary products. While exports of primary products have declined in importance for Latin America, they still play a significantly large role. There is a long-run trend toward increasing export similarity among Latin American countries, which consists of convergence between clusters and divergence within clusters. This result suggests that the increased export similarity is due primarily to an increase in exports of differentiated manufactures relative to primary products. The convergence in the export patterns of the largest economies (Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico) provides further support for this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Latin American Business Review is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPORTS KW - COMMERCIAL products KW - MANUFACTURING processes KW - MULTIVARIATE analysis KW - PRODUCTION scheduling KW - LATIN America KW - ARGENTINA KW - BRAZIL KW - MEXICO KW - Exports KW - Latin America KW - trade N1 - Accession Number: 27647479; de Pineres, Sheila Amin Gutierrez 1; Email Address: pineres@utdallas.edu; Ferrantino, Michael 2; Affiliations: 1: Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Texas at Dallas, School of Social Sciences, P. O. Box 830688, Richardson, TX 75083.; 2: Industry Economist, U.S. International Trade Commission, Office of Economics, Washington, DC.; Issue Info: 2000, Vol. 1 Issue 3, p1; Thesaurus Term: EXPORTS; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL products; Thesaurus Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Thesaurus Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Thesaurus Term: PRODUCTION scheduling; Subject: LATIN America; Subject: ARGENTINA; Subject: BRAZIL; Subject: MEXICO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exports; Author-Supplied Keyword: Latin America; Author-Supplied Keyword: trade; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523140 Commodity Contracts Brokerage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523130 Commodity Contracts Dealing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=27647479&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen AU - Barry, Michael P. AD - Center for Research on International Econ, U WI AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Stability of the Demand for Money in an Unstable Country: Russia JO - Journal of Post Keynesian Economics JF - Journal of Post Keynesian Economics Y1 - 2000///Summer VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 619 EP - 629 SN - 01603477 N1 - Accession Number: 0559821; Keywords: Currency Substitution; Money; Geographic Descriptors: Russian Federation; Geographic Region: Europe; Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200104 N2 - Instability in the demand for money is said to be due to many factors such as financial innovation, deregulation of the financial markets, a change in the exchange rate regime, a sudden jump in oil prices, and currency substitution due to rapid depreciation of a currency under floating exchange rate system. In this paper we use monthly data from Russia over 1991-97 period and CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests combined with the Johansen's cointegration technique to show that the demand for money is unstable in Russia. KW - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P24 KW - Demand for Money E41 L3 - http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0160-3477 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0559821&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0160-3477 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boughner, Devry S. AU - de Gorter, Harry AU - Sheldon, Ian M. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Cornell U AD - OH State U T1 - The Economics of Two-Tier Tariff-Rate Import Quotas in Agriculture JO - Agricultural and Resource Economics Review JF - Agricultural and Resource Economics Review Y1 - 2000/04// VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 58 EP - 69 SN - 10682805 N1 - Accession Number: 0533110; Keywords: Agreements; Agriculture; Import; Liberalization; Non Tariff; Nontariff Barrier; Policy; Quotas; Tariff; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200010 N2 - This paper analyzes the economics of two-tier tariff import quotas (TRQs) and implications of alternative trade liberalization scenarios. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture had tariffs replace nontariff barriers as the protective mechanism while quotas ensured minimum trade flows. Our framework isolates the effects of changes either in the second-tier tariff, and first-tier tariff, or the quota. We show how market conditions or relative policy instrument levels determine which tariff or quota affects trade and domestic and world prices. Whether or not exporting countries have been allocated export quotas and the procedures for the distribution of the rights to export and import also influences the efficiency of TRQs. KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 L3 - http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/36551 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0533110&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/36551 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hira, Anil AU - Hira, Ron T1 - The New Institutionalism: Contradictory Notions of Change. JO - American Journal of Economics & Sociology JF - American Journal of Economics & Sociology Y1 - 2000/04// VL - 59 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 267 EP - 282 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 00029246 AB - ABSTRACT. This article suggests that the new institutionalism contains ambiguous and contradictory notions of change. By setting up a model that explains institutional constraints on decision makers, the new institutionalism correctly points out the limits of a rational choice framework of economic decision making. However, by failing to explain the sources and avenues of modifications of those constraints, the new institutionalism is unable to provide a satisfactory explanation of change. Instead, we find a patchwork of exogenous factors, such as technology, culture, and ideology, which feed into institutional change in unclear ways. This paper reaches the conclusion that those factors for change should be examined directly, rather than through the proxy of institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Journal of Economics & Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DECISION making KW - TECHNOLOGY KW - CULTURE KW - SOCIAL institutions KW - CHOICE (Psychology) KW - IDEOLOGY N1 - Accession Number: 3150891; Hira, Anil 1; Hira, Ron 2; Affiliations: 1: International trade analyst, U.S. International Trade Commission; 2: George Mason University's School of Public Policy; Issue Info: Apr2000, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p267; Thesaurus Term: DECISION making; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: CULTURE; Subject Term: SOCIAL institutions; Subject Term: CHOICE (Psychology); Subject Term: IDEOLOGY; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5382 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=3150891&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andriamananjara, Soamiely AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Regionalism and Incentives for Multilateralism JO - Journal of Economic Integration JF - Journal of Economic Integration Y1 - 2000/03// VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 18 SN - 1225651X N1 - Accession Number: 0514039; Keywords: Integration; Liberalization; Multilateralism; Tariff; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200005 N2 - The paper studies the effects of regional integration on the incentives of members and non-members to undertake multilateral trade liberalization. Using a three-country political economy model with imperfect competition, it shows how regionalism can undermine support for multilateralism. Discriminatory trade policies alter the balance of gains and losses that members and non-members experience from multilateral liberalization. As the degree of preference within the PTA increases, the member countries' support for large multilateral tariff cuts, as well as the excluded countries support for small multilateral trade liberalization, declines. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - International Economic Order F02 KW - Economic Integration F15 L3 - http://sejong.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=homemainpublications,1,1; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0514039&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://sejong.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=homemainpublications,1,1; DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development T1 - Modelling the Effects of Trade Liberalisation on Forest Cover: Some Methodological Issues T2 - Assessing the environmental effects of trade liberalisation agreements: Methodologies PB - OECD Proceedings. PB - Paris and Washington, D.C.: PB - Author Y1 - 2000/// SP - 133 EP - 148 N1 - Accession Number: 0611741; Reviewed Book ISBN: 92-64-17190-8; Keywords: Forest; Liberalization; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200208 KW - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land Q24 KW - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry Q23 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment Q15 KW - Trade and Environment F18 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0611741&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development T1 - Estimating the Effects of Trade Liberalisation on Manufacturing Pollution T2 - Assessing the environmental effects of trade liberalisation agreements: Methodologies PB - OECD Proceedings. PB - Paris and Washington, D.C.: PB - Author Y1 - 2000/// SP - 159 EP - 172 N1 - Accession Number: 0611743; Reviewed Book ISBN: 92-64-17190-8; Keywords: Liberalization; Manufacturing; Pollution; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200208 KW - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L60 KW - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water Q25 KW - Renewable Resources and Conservation: General Q20 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Trade and Environment F18 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0611743&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gallaway, Michael P. AU - Blonigen, Bruce A. AU - Flynn, Joseph E. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - U OR AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Welfare Costs of the U.S. Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws JO - Journal of International Economics JF - Journal of International Economics Y1 - 1999/12// VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 211 EP - 244 SN - 00221996 N1 - Accession Number: 0511738; Keywords: Anti Dumping; Antidumping; Computable General Equilibrium; Duty; Equilibrium; General Equilibrium; Import; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200004 N2 - The antidumping (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) laws in the United States have become the most pervasive form of import relief sought by domestic producers. This paper estimates the collective economic effect of the hundreds of active U.S. AD/CVD orders. Using a computable general equilibrium model, we estimate that the collective net economic welfare cost in 1993 of these orders to be $4 billion. This welfare estimate is sensitive to various modeling assumptions, which are explored in the paper. With the implementation of the Uruguay Round Agreements, the AD/CVD laws remain one of the costliest programs restraining U.S. trade. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models D58 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221996 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0511738&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221996 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Amin Gutierrez de Pineres, Sheila AU - Ferrantino, Michael AD - U TX, Dallas AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Export Sector Dynamics and Domestic Growth: The Case of Colombia JO - Review of Development Economics JF - Review of Development Economics Y1 - 1999/10// VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 268 EP - 280 SN - 13636669 N1 - Accession Number: 0512559; Keywords: Economic Growth; Export Led; Exports; GDP; Growth; Geographic Descriptors: Colombia; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200004 N2 - Analyses of Colombian data have generally failed to confirm the hypothesis of export-led growth. This paper generates several measures of export diversification and structural change in exports, and argues that these measures are useful in assessing growth externalities generated by the export sector. In a simultaneous-equations framework, increases in the rate of export structural change are associated with accelerated Colombian GDP growth. Export diversification, by contrast, is not a source of economic growth, and the reduced-form relationship between aggregate lagged export growth and GDP growth is weak. KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence O47 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9361/issues UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0512559&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9361/issues DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. AU - Jabara, Cathy L. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Wheat War of 1994: Comment JO - Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics JF - Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics Y1 - 1999/03// VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 88 EP - 98 SN - 00083976 N1 - Accession Number: 0497092; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199910 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291744-7976 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0497092&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291744-7976 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taylor, Christopher T. T1 - The Cash Recovery Method of Calculating Profitability: An Application to Pharmaceutical Firms. JO - Review of Industrial Organization JF - Review of Industrial Organization Y1 - 1999/03// VL - 14 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 135 EP - 146 SN - 0889938X AB - The problems with commonly used accounting profit rates are well documented. In this paper an alternative to accounting profit rates, the cash recovery method is investigated and improved. This improved method is used as a means to estimate profitability in the pharmaceutical industry on a firm level. The profitability estimates give a similar rank order to the accounting profitability rates, but have different magnitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of Industrial Organization is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROFIT KW - PROFITABILITY KW - PROFIT margins KW - FINANCIAL performance KW - BUSINESS forecasting KW - PHARMACEUTICAL industry KW - market performance. pharmaceuticals KW - Profitability N1 - Accession Number: 16838106; Taylor, Christopher T. 1; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, U.S. international Trade Commission, 500 E. Street SW, Washington. DC 20436, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Mar1999, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p135; Thesaurus Term: PROFIT; Thesaurus Term: PROFITABILITY; Thesaurus Term: PROFIT margins; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL performance; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS forecasting; Thesaurus Term: PHARMACEUTICAL industry; Author-Supplied Keyword: market performance. pharmaceuticals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Profitability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=16838106&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pogany, Peter AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Global Income Elasticity of Trade: Theory and Potential Applications JO - Economia Internazionale JF - Economia Internazionale Y1 - 1998/08// VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 401 EP - 428 SN - 0012981X N1 - Accession Number: 0493272; Keywords: Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199907 KW - Neoclassical Models of Trade F11 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Trade: Forecasting and Simulation F17 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0493272&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benjamin, Nancy AU - Pogany, Peter AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Modeling Competitiveness in Hemispheric Trade Liberalization: An Application to Chile JO - Cuadernos de Economia (Pontifical Catholic University of Chile) JF - Cuadernos de Economia (Pontifical Catholic University of Chile) Y1 - 1998/04// VL - 35 IS - 104 SP - 127 EP - 138 SN - 07160046 N1 - Accession Number: 0471212; Keywords: Liberalization; NAFTA; Trade; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: Chile; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199808 N2 - This note introduces the USITC's Latin American regional, computable general equilibrium model, which combines flexible functional form modeling with dynamic analysis. It describes the rationale for experimenting with income elasticities of demand and substitution elasticities in the context of Western Hemisphere trade, and presents some results front experiments with U.S.-Chile trade liberalization. The liberalization of trade between Chile and NAFTA will have an appreciable impact on Chile-NAFTA trade. Welfare gains will accrue primarily to Chile, leaving the welfare of MERCOSUR's two largest economies unaffected. The paper describes the methodology of identifying the dynamic gains that should accrue from the elimination of trade barriers in the Americas. Trade externalities, which boost Latin American productivity, will be especially advantageous to Argentina. KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 L3 - http://www.laje-ce.org/en/home UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0471212&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.laje-ce.org/en/home DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hall, H. Keith AU - Kao, Chihwa AU - Nelson, Douglas AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Syracuse U AD - Tulane U T1 - Women and Tariffs: Testing the Gender Gap Hypothesis in a Downs-Mayer Political-Economy Model JO - Economic Inquiry JF - Economic Inquiry Y1 - 1998/04// VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 320 EP - 332 SN - 00952583 N1 - Accession Number: 0470491; Keywords: Democracy; Gender; Political; Tariff; Women; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199808 N2 - This paper tests a variant of the standard endogenous tariff model under direct democracy (the Downs-Mayer model) with a gender gap. Specifically, the authors argue that, if there is a division of economic activity between men and women and political preferences are affected by one's relationship to the economy, there will be a gender gap in political activity. They test this hypothesis with respect to the effect of political enfranchisement of women on the level of the U.S. tariff. The empirical results strongly support the hypothesis. KW - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N41 KW - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination J16 KW - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D72 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N42 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291465-7295/issues UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0470491&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291465-7295/issues DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - GEN ID - 65040 AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 3113 Y1 - 1998/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - United States International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 65040; Extent: 23, [8] pp; Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "June 1998." "Investigations no. 731-TA-698 (Remand)" KW - Ukraine--Magnesium Industry KW - Ukraine--United States--Foreign Trade KW - United States--Magnesium Industry KW - United States--Ukraine--Foreign Trade UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=65040&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boisso, Dale AU - Ferrantino, Michael AD - KPMG Peat Marwick AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Economic Distance, Cultural Distance, and Openness in International Trade: Emprical Puzzles JO - Journal of Economic Integration JF - Journal of Economic Integration Y1 - 1997/12// VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 456 EP - 484 SN - 1015356X N1 - Accession Number: 0444068; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199804 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Economic Integration F15 L3 - http://sejong.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=homemainpublications,1,1; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0444068&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://sejong.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=homemainpublications,1,1; DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - de Piñeres, Sheila Amin Gut AU - Ferrantino, Michael T1 - Export Diversification Trends: Some Comparisons for Latin America. JO - International Executive JF - International Executive Y1 - 1997/07//Jul/Aug97 VL - 39 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 465 EP - 477 SN - 00206652 AB - The present paper is an attempt to establish some stylized facts about the process of export diversification and structural change in exports for six key Latin American economies: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. There has been a long-run trend toward export diversification in the region which has persisted through both inward- and outward-looking policy experiments, and over a variety of macroeconomic conditions. Structural change in exports accelerated during the debt crisis episode of the early 1980s, and more rapid structural change may be associated with policy reform. Our results suggest that important sources of economic risk in Latin America may be declining in the long run, and that economic risk is less sensitive to political risk than is often assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Executive is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - COMMERCIAL policy KW - FOREIGN trade regulation KW - FOREIGN investments KW - CORPORATE tax planning KW - CAPITAL movements KW - INTERNATIONAL law KW - LATIN America N1 - Accession Number: 9708172320; de Piñeres, Sheila Amin Gut 1; Ferrantino, Michael 2; Affiliations: 1: Assistant professor of economics, University of Texas-Dallas, American development.; 2: Industry economist, United States International Trade Commission who specializes in various trade issues.; Issue Info: Jul/Aug97, Vol. 39 Issue 4, p465; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL policy; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN trade regulation; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN investments; Thesaurus Term: CORPORATE tax planning; Thesaurus Term: CAPITAL movements; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL law; Subject: LATIN America; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9708172320&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babula, Ronald A. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Economic Effects of a Countervailing Duty Order on the U.S. Lamb Meat Industry JO - Agricultural and Resource Economics Review JF - Agricultural and Resource Economics Review Y1 - 1997/04// VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 82 EP - 93 SN - 10682805 N1 - Accession Number: 0437683; Keywords: Duty; Import; International Trade; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199801 N2 - This paper provides the model, analysis, and results of the investigative research by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) staff on the U.S. lamb market impacts from the countervailing duty (CVD) order imposed on certain U.S. imports of New Zealand lamb meat during 1985-90. Presented here are the monthly three-stage least squares model of the U.S. lamb meat industry at the wholesale or meat-packing level, along with the econometric results and analyses obtained from the USITC investigation. Analysis of model results quantifies average estimated CVD-attributed effects on U.S. lamb price, demand and supply of domestically produced lamb, and U.S. lamb import levels. A number of economic parameter estimates and inference results concerning U.S. wholesale lamb market relationships are reported and are of interest, given the scarce published research on the U.S. lamb industry. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits L66 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 L3 - http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/36551 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0437683&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/36551 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Amin Gutierrez de Pineres, Sheila AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AD - U TX, Dallas AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Export Diversification and Structural Dynamics in the Growth Process: The Case of Chile JO - Journal of Development Economics JF - Journal of Development Economics Y1 - 1997/04// VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 375 EP - 391 SN - 03043878 N1 - Accession Number: 0423638; Keywords: Export Led; Exports; Geographic Descriptors: Chile; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199709 N2 - It is frequently suggested that export diversification, or the progression from 'traditional' to 'non-traditional' exports, is an important component of export-led growth. This paper constructs several measures of diversification and structural change in exports in the context of the Chilean experience of the last 30 years. We find that since the mid-1970s, Chilean growth has been accompanied by export diversification, while little diversification had taken place previously. Structural change has accelerated during periods of internal crisis and external shock. Thus, while diversification may happen in the long run, in Chile it only happened during times of severe structural change and this suggests that a policy of deliberate diversification may not be as desirable as the diversification process that is a result of a change in currency valuation and trade liberalization. KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043878 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0423638&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043878 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Francois, Joseph F. AU - Hall, H. Keith AD - Erasmus U, WTO, and CEPR AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Francois, Joseph F. A2 - Reinert, Kenneth A. T1 - Partial Equilibrium Modeling T2 - Applied methods for trade policy analysis: A handbook PB - Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: PB - Cambridge University Press Y1 - 1997/// SP - 122 EP - 155 N1 - Accession Number: 0524252; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-58003-X; 0-521-58997-5; Keywords: Equilibrium; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200005 KW - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models D58 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Trade: Forecasting and Simulation F17 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0524252&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Blonigen, Bruce A. AU - Flynn, Joseph E. AU - Reinert, Kenneth A. AD - U OR AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Kalamazoo College A2 - Francois, Joseph F. A2 - Reinert, Kenneth A. T1 - Sector-Focused General Equilibrium Modeling T2 - Applied methods for trade policy analysis: A handbook PB - Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: PB - Cambridge University Press Y1 - 1997/// SP - 189 EP - 230 N1 - Accession Number: 0524254; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-58003-X; 0-521-58997-5; Keywords: Equilibrium; General Equilibrium; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200005 KW - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models D58 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Empirical Studies of Trade F14 KW - Trade: Forecasting and Simulation F17 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0524254&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - GEN ID - 64787 AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 3019 Y1 - 1997/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 64787; Extent: 1 volume (various paging); Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "February 1997." Government document number: ITC 1.12:731-TA-746/final. "Investigation no. 731-TA-746 (final)" KW - Kazakhstan--Beryllium Industry KW - Kazakhstan--Economic Policy KW - Kazakhstan--United States--Foreign Trade KW - United States--Kazakhstan--Foreign Trade UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=64787&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arce, Hugh M. AU - Taylor, Christopher T. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - The Effects of Changing U.S. MFN Status for China JO - Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv JF - Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Y1 - 1997/// VL - 133 IS - 4 SP - 737 EP - 753 SN - 00432636 N1 - Accession Number: 0454773; Keywords: Duty; Exports; Import; MFN; Tariff; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; China; Geographic Region: Northern America; Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199805 N2 - This paper focuses on the effects of the United States not renewing Most Favored Nation (MFN) trade status for Chinese imports. An applied general equilibrium model is used to simulate the increase in tariffs from the column 1 (MFN) to the column 2 (non-MFN) duty level. Using 1992 data, the results show Chinese exports to the United States drop by approximately $11 billion, or over 50 percent. The United States and China both experience a decline in real income. While these results suggest MFN withdrawal would have a larger detrimental effect on the Chinese economy than on the U.S. economy, the estimates do not include Chinese retaliation. KW - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P33 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0454773&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrantino, Michael J. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - International Trade, Environmental Quality and Public Policy JO - World Economy JF - World Economy Y1 - 1997/01// VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 43 EP - 72 SN - 03785920 N1 - Accession Number: 0424216; Keywords: International Trade; Policy; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199709 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy Q28 KW - International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements F21 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9701/issues UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0424216&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-9701/issues DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - GEN ID - 64786 AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2959 Y1 - 1996/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 64786; Extent: 1 volume (various pagings); Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "May 1996." Government document number: ITC 1.12:731-TA-746/PRELIM. GPO item number: 0980-E (MF). Shipping list number: 97-0069-M. Investigation number: 731-TA-746 (preliminary). Microfiche. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. G.P.O., 1996. 1 microfiche: negative KW - Kazakhstan--Beryllium Industry KW - Kazakhstan--Metallurgy UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=64786&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - GEN ID - 64817 AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2973 Y1 - 1996/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 64817; Extent: 1 volume (various pagings); Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "July 1996." "Investigation no. 731-TA-732 and 733 (final)." Government document number: ITC 1.12:731-TA-732-733/FINAL. GPO item number: 0980-E (MF). Shipping list number: 98-0197-M. Microfiche. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. G.P.O., 1997. 2 microfiches: negative KW - Romania--Steel Pipe Industry KW - Romania--United States--Foreign Trade KW - United States--Romania--Foreign Trade UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=64817&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - GEN ID - 64868 AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 3009 Y1 - 1996/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 64868; Extent: 1 volume (various pagings); Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "December 1996." Government document number: ITC 1.12:731-TA-753-756/prelim. GPO item number: 0980-E (MF). Shipping list number: 97-0535-M. Microfiche. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. G.P.O., 1997. 2 microfiches: negative KW - Russia (Federation)--Iron and Steel Industry KW - Ukraine--Iron and Steel Industry UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=64868&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alexander, Donald L. AU - Flynn, Joseph E. AU - Linkins, Linda A. T1 - Innovation, R&D Productivity, and Global Market Share in the Pharmaceutical Industry. JO - Review of Industrial Organization JF - Review of Industrial Organization Y1 - 1995/04// VL - 10 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 197 EP - 207 SN - 0889938X AB - In this paper, we estimate two empirical models using a pooled, cross-section sample of international pharmaceutical firms for the period 1987 to 1989. The first model tests the relationship between R&D productivity and a vector of firm-specific characteristics. The second model tests the determinants of global market share. The empirical analysis reveals three findings. First, we find evidence that there are diminishing returns in the pharmaceutical R&D process. Second, we find that firm size has a positive effect on average R&D productivity and a positive impact on the marginal R&D productivity for plausible R&D staff sizes. And third, we find evidence that R&D productivity and the number of sales employees have a positive effect on the firm's global market share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of Industrial Organization is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations KW - RESEARCH & development contracts KW - LABOR productivity KW - INDUSTRIAL concentration KW - PHARMACEUTICAL industry KW - MARKET share KW - GLOBALIZATION KW - INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) KW - Market share KW - pharmaceuticals KW - productivity KW - research and development N1 - Accession Number: 16839757; Alexander, Donald L. 1; Flynn, Joseph E. 2; Linkins, Linda A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Economics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, U.S.A.; 2: Office of Economicc, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20436, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Apr1995, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p197; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH & development contracts; Thesaurus Term: LABOR productivity; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL concentration; Thesaurus Term: PHARMACEUTICAL industry; Thesaurus Term: MARKET share; Thesaurus Term: GLOBALIZATION; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: Market share; Author-Supplied Keyword: pharmaceuticals; Author-Supplied Keyword: productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: research and development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=16839757&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN ID - 65055 AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - Publication (United States International Trade Commission) = USITC Publication 2885 Y1 - 1995/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 65055; Extent: 1 volume (various pagings); Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "May 1995." "Investigations nos. 731-TA-696-698 (Final)." SUBMITTED BY: Maria Gorecki Nowak, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (mgnowak@uiuc.edu) KW - Russia (Federation)--Economic Policy KW - Russia (Federation)--Foreign Relations--1991- KW - Russia (Federation)--Foreign Trade--United States KW - Russia (Federation)--Magnesium Industry KW - U.S.-Russian Relations--Magnesium Industry KW - U.S.-Ukrainian Relations--Magnesium Industry KW - Ukraine--Economic Policy KW - Ukraine--Foreign Relations--1991- KW - Ukraine--Magnesium Industry KW - Ukraine--United States--Foreign Trade KW - United States--Foreign Trade--Russia (Federation) KW - United States--Magnesium Industry KW - United States--Ukraine--Foreign Trade UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=65055&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - CHAP AU - Helgesson, Claes-Fredrik AU - Hulten, Staffan AU - Puffert, Douglas J. AD - Stockholm School of Econ AD - Stockholm School of Econ AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Groenewegen, John A2 - Pitelis, Christos A2 - Sjostrand, Sven-Erik T1 - Standards as Institutions. Problems with Creating All-European Standards for Terminal Equipment T2 - On economic institutions: Theory and applications PB - Aldershot, U.K.: PB - Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Y1 - 1995/// SP - 164 EP - 182 N1 - Accession Number: 0447437; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85898-142-5; ; Geographic Descriptors: EU; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 KW - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian B25 KW - Economics of Regulation L51 KW - Telecommunications L96 KW - Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy L98 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0447437&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - GEN ID - 64830 AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - Publication (United States International Trade Commission) = USITC Publication 2899 Y1 - 1995/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 64830; Extent: 1 volume (various pagings).; Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "June 1995." "Investigation no. 731-TA-732 through 733 (preliminary)." Government document number: ITC 1.12:731-TA-732-733/PRELIM. GPO item number: 0980-E (MF). Shipping list number: 95-0700-M. Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche: Microfiche. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. G.P.O., 1995. 1 microfiche: negative. SUBMITTED BY: Maria Gorecki Nowak, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (mgnowak@uiuc.edu) KW - Romania--Economic Policy KW - Romania--Foreign Relations--1989- KW - Romania--Foreign Trade KW - Romania--Steel Pipe Industry KW - Romania--United States--Foreign Trade KW - United States--Romania--Foreign Trade UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=64830&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - GEN ID - 63351 AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - Publication (United States International Trade Commission) = USITC Publication 2904 Y1 - 1995/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 63351; Extent: 1 volume (various pagings); Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "June 1995." "Investigation no. 731-TA-702 (Final)." Government document number: ITC 1.12:731-TA-702(FINAL). GPO item number: 0980-E (MF). Shipping list number: 95-0689-M. Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche Microfiche. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. G.P.O., 1995. 2 microfiches: negative. SUBMITTED BY: Maria Gorecki Nowak, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (mgnowak@uiuc.edu) KW - Russia (Federation)--Foreign Relations--1991- KW - Russia (Federation)--Foreign Trade--United States KW - Russia (Federation)--Metallurgy KW - Russia (Federation)--Science and Technology KW - Russia (Federation)--Technical Cooperation--United States KW - Russia (Federation)--Technology Transfer--United States KW - U.S.-Russian Relations--Commerce KW - United States--Foreign Trade--Russia (Federation) KW - United States--Technical Cooperation--Russia (Federation) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=63351&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alexander, Donald L. AU - Flynn, Joseph E. AU - Linkins, Linda A. T1 - Estimates of the demand for ethical pharmaceutical drugs across countries and time. JO - Applied Economics JF - Applied Economics Y1 - 1994/08// VL - 26 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 821 PB - Routledge SN - 00036846 AB - The aggregate demand for ethical pharmaceutical drugs using country-level data for seven countries pooled across an eight-year period is estimated. The regression analysis reveals that the net price paid by consumers has a negative effect on the average number of prescriptions per capita while income has a positive effect. Moreover, the parameter estimates suggest that the demand is relatively elastic in most countries, and that the income elasticity is greater than one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DEMAND (Economic theory) KW - DRUGS -- Prices KW - ELASTICITY (Economics) KW - ECONOMETRIC models KW - REGRESSION analysis KW - PRICES KW - INCOME KW - DRUGS N1 - Accession Number: 9409150200; Alexander, Donald L. 1; Flynn, Joseph E. 2; Linkins, Linda A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Economics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5023, USA.; 2: Office of Economics , US International Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20436, USA.; Issue Info: Aug1994, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p821; Thesaurus Term: DEMAND (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: DRUGS -- Prices; Thesaurus Term: ELASTICITY (Economics); Thesaurus Term: ECONOMETRIC models; Thesaurus Term: REGRESSION analysis; Thesaurus Term: PRICES; Thesaurus Term: INCOME; Subject Term: DRUGS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9409150200&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - To, Theodore T1 - Export subsidies and oligopoly with switching costs. JO - Journal of International Economics JF - Journal of International Economics Y1 - 1994/08// VL - 37 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 97 SN - 00221996 AB - The article examines export policy using a two-period model of oligopolistic competition with switching costs. A switching costs model captures the idea that market share in one period affects profits and welfare in future periods. If consumers are impatient, firms and governments are patient, and switching costs are significant, then governments subsidize first-period exports and tax second-period exports, otherwise governments tax exports in both periods. The fact that many governments subsidize exports contradicts the perfectly competitive model of international trade, which says that, in general, export subsidies reduce home country welfare. These governments do not maximize welfare at all and that political interest groups influence the decision to subsidize exports. While this provides one explanation of why governments subsidize exports, it is unrealistic to believe that governments can completely ignore taxpayer and consumer interests. Economists used a one-period duopoly trade model where governments first choose a tax or subsidy policy and then firms compete in output. KW - EXPORT subsidies KW - COMMERCIAL policy KW - OLIGOPOLIES KW - MARKET share KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - WELFARE economics KW - DUOPOLIES KW - IMPERFECT competition KW - PRESSURE groups KW - Export subsidies KW - Oligopoly KW - Switching costs KW - Trade policy N1 - Accession Number: 9504032789; To, Theodore 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E St. SW, Washington, DC 20436, USA; Issue Info: Aug94, Vol. 37 Issue 1/2, p97; Thesaurus Term: EXPORT subsidies; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL policy; Thesaurus Term: OLIGOPOLIES; Thesaurus Term: MARKET share; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: WELFARE economics; Thesaurus Term: DUOPOLIES; Thesaurus Term: IMPERFECT competition; Subject Term: PRESSURE groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Export subsidies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oligopoly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Switching costs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trade policy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813310 Social advocacy organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813311 Human Rights Organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813312 Environment, Conservation and Wildlife Organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813319 Other Social Advocacy Organizations; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9504032789&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - CHAP AU - Jabara, Cathy AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Sahn, David E. T1 - Structural Adjustment in a Small, Open Economy: The Case of Gambia T2 - Adjusting to policy failure in African economies PB - Food Systems and Agrarian Change series. PB - Ithaca and London: PB - Cornell University Press Y1 - 1994/// SP - 302 EP - 331 N1 - Accession Number: 0431282; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8014-8136-8; ; Geographic Descriptors: Gambia; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199711 KW - Economywide Country Studies: Africa O55 KW - Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P11 KW - Planning Models; Planning Policy O21 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0431282&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - de Melo, Jaime AU - Roland-Holst, David AD - World Bank AD - US International Trade Commission and Mills College A2 - Mercenier, Jean A2 - Srinivasan, T. N. T1 - Tariffs and Export Subsidies When Domestic Markets Are Oligopolistic: Korea T2 - Applied general equilibrium and economic development: Present achievements and future trends PB - With a foreword by Herbert E. Scarf. PB - Ann Arbor: PB - University of Michigan Press Y1 - 1994/// SP - 191 EP - 208 N1 - Accession Number: 0420586; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-472-10382-2; Keywords: Exports; Oligopolistic; Subsidies; Tariff; Geographic Descriptors: S. Korea; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 KW - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation F12 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0420586&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - BOOK AU - United States International Trade Commission T1 - Effects of the Arab League boycott of Israel on U. S. businesses JO - Effects of the Arab League boycott of Israel on U. S. businesses JF - Effects of the Arab League boycott of Israel on U. S. businesses Y1 - 1994/// M3 - Book KW - ARAB-Israeli conflict KW - BUSINESS enterprises KW - ECONOMIC sanctions, Arab countries KW - TRADE regulation KW - ARAB countries KW - ISRAEL KW - Foreign economic relations KW - Industries KW - Middle East KW - United States N1 - Accession Number: MRB-MCS0096850; United States International Trade Commission; Source Info: Washington, D. C.: U. S. International Trade Commission; 1994. 1 v. (various pagings): microform. (USITC publication; 2827) ; Note: Publisher Information: U. International Trade Commission.; Note: Includes bibliographical references; Subject Term: ARAB-Israeli conflict; Subject Term: BUSINESS enterprises; Subject Term: ECONOMIC sanctions, Arab countries; Subject Term: TRADE regulation; Subject Term: ARAB countries; Subject Term: ISRAEL; Document Type: Book UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fxh&AN=MRB-MCS0096850&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - fxh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arce, Hugh M. AU - Reinert, Kenneth A. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Kalamazoo College T1 - Aggregation and the Welfare Analysis of U.S. Tariffs JO - Journal of Economic Studies JF - Journal of Economic Studies Y1 - 1994/// VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 26 EP - 30 SN - 01443585 N1 - Accession Number: 0349550; Keywords: Protection; Tariff; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199505 N2 - A recurrent concern of researchers who measure the cost of protection is that welfare estimates based on models with highly aggregated sectors of the economy in question will understate the true cost of protection if the tariff system is not uniform. Uses the 1988 tariff schedule of the US and a detailed 1988 social accounting matrix of the US to construct a number of aggregation schemes to calculate the extent to which tariff means and variance change under different aggregations. Then uses a computable general equilibrium model to compare the cost of tariff protection between two of the aggregation schemes. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Welfare Economics: General D60 L3 - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0144-3585 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0349550&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0144-3585 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - GEN ID - 65219 AU - United States. International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2835 Y1 - 1994/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 65219; Extent: 1 v.; Document Type: Government document; Language: English KW - Hungary--Chemical Industry UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=65219&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - GEN ID - 63347 AU - United States. International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2796 Y1 - 1994/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 63347; Extent: 1 v. (various pagings); Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: "July 1994." Investigation no.: 731-TA-702 (preliminary) KW - Russia (Federation)--Foreign Trade KW - Russia (Federation)--Metallurgy KW - Russia (Federation)--Vanadium Industry UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=63347&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - GEN ID - 65196 AU - United States. International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2836 Y1 - 1994/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - United States International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 65196; Extent: 1 v.; Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: Investigations nos. 731-TA-671-674 (final) KW - China--Chemical Industry KW - Ukraine--Chemical Industry UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=65196&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - GEN ID - 65054 AU - United States. International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2775 Y1 - 1994/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - United States International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 65054; Extent: 1 volume; Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: Investigations nos. 731-TA-696-698 (preliminary) KW - China--Magnesium Industry KW - China--Minerals KW - Russia (Federation)--Magnesium Industry KW - Russia (Federation)--Minerals KW - Ukraine--Magnesium Industry KW - Ukraine--Minerals UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=65054&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Topolansky, Adam T1 - Alternative Fuels: Challenges and opportunities for the global automotive industry. JO - Columbia Journal of World Business JF - Columbia Journal of World Business Y1 - 1993///Winter93 VL - 28 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 38 EP - 47 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. SN - 00225428 AB - This article focuses on the challenges and opportunities for the global automotive industry in the U.S. Alternative ways to power vehicles constitute the biggest automotive revolution since European investors Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz unveiled the first vehicle powered by an internal-combustion engine in the early 1880s. Since the 1960s, concerns about pollution caused by vehicle emissions and increasing U.S. dependence on imported oil have presented rising challenges and fresh opportunities to the U.S. automobile industry. U.S. governmental initiatives such as the Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 mandated a certain number of AFVs to be used by the U.S. Government, and provided incentives to U.S. vehicle manufacturing to build AFVs. KW - AUTOMOBILES KW - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations KW - AUTOMOBILE industry KW - GOVERNMENT policy KW - MOTOR vehicle industry KW - SPARK ignition engines KW - MOTOR fuels N1 - Accession Number: 9411285876; Topolansky, Adam 1; Affiliations: 1: Senior International Trade Adviser, U.S. International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Winter93, Vol. 28 Issue 4, p38; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMOBILES; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMOBILE industry; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Thesaurus Term: MOTOR vehicle industry; Subject Term: SPARK ignition engines; Subject Term: MOTOR fuels; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811121 Automotive Body, Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811198 All Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336110 Automobile and light-duty motor vehicle manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336111 Automobile Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 415110 New and used automobile and light-duty truck merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423110 Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441110 New Car Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 415190 Recreational and other motor vehicles merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336211 Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5235 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9411285876&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Keith B. T1 - AGENCY DISCRETION OR STATUTORY DIRECTION: DECISION MAKING AT THE U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION. JO - Journal of Law & Economics JF - Journal of Law & Economics Y1 - 1993/10// VL - 36 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 915 EP - 935 SN - 00222186 AB - Almost all of the empirical research conducted on scale efficiency in banking has found increasing returns to scale only among relatively small banks, and decreasing returns to scale among larger banks. The research study showed that these results were biased by problems in the statistical techniques used and by the fact that the models ignored an important input required for the intermediation process, financial capital. When the econometric problems were solved and the relationship among size, diversification and risk was properly accounted for, there was strong evidence of increasing returns for banks up to about 500 million dollars in total assets and approximately constant returns for larger banks. KW - INDUSTRIAL efficiency KW - BANKING industry KW - RESEARCH KW - FINANCE KW - ECONOMICS N1 - Accession Number: 11478376; Anderson, Keith B. 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission and Federal Trade Commission; Issue Info: Oct93, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p915; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL efficiency; Thesaurus Term: BANKING industry; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: FINANCE; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522110 Commercial Banking; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522190 Other Depository Credit Intermediation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522120 Savings Institutions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522111 Personal and commercial banking industry; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=11478376&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - CHAP AU - Jabara, Cathy AU - Valdes, Alberto AD - US International Trade Commission AD - World Bank A2 - Marks, Stephen V. A2 - Maskus, Keith E. T1 - World Sugar Policies and Developing Countries T2 - The economics and politics of world sugar policies PB - Studies in International Trade Policy. PB - Ann Arbor: PB - University of Michigan Press Y1 - 1993/// SP - 135 EP - 160 N1 - Accession Number: 0396125; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-472-10428-4; Keywords: Developing Countries; Sugar; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199610 KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 KW - Agriculture in International Trade Q17 KW - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy Q18 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0396125&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - GEN ID - 65290 AU - United States. International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2656 Y1 - 1993/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 65290; Extent: 1 vol.; Document Type: Government document; Language: English KW - Former Soviet Republics--American Investment KW - Former Soviet Republics--Petroleum Industry KW - Former Soviet Republics--United States--Foreign Trade KW - United States--Former Soviet Republics--Foreign Trade UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=65290&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - GEN ID - 63346 AU - United States. International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2616 Y1 - 1993/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 63346; Extent: 34, 5, 8 pp; Document Type: Government document; Language: English KW - Kazakhstan--Iron and Steel Industry KW - Ukraine--Iron and Steel Industry UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=63346&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - GEN ID - 65195 AU - United States. International Trade Commission T1 - [Untitled] T3 - USITC Publication 2714 Y1 - 1993/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - United States International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 65195; Extent: 1 v.; Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: Investigations nos. 731-TA-671-674 (preliminary) KW - China--Chemical Industry KW - Ukraine--Chemical Industry UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=65195&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Patterson, Eliza AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - GATT and the Environment: Rules Changes to Minimize Adverse Trade and Environmental Effects JO - Journal of World Trade JF - Journal of World Trade Y1 - 1992/06// VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 99 EP - 109 SN - 10116702 N1 - Accession Number: 0620703; Keywords: Environment; GATT; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200210 KW - Trade and Environment F18 KW - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law K32 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - International Law K33 L3 - http://www.kluwerlawonline.com/toc.php?pubcode=TRAD UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0620703&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.kluwerlawonline.com/toc.php?pubcode=TRAD DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Francois, Joseph F. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Optimal Commercial Policy with International Returns to Scale JO - Canadian Journal of Economics JF - Canadian Journal of Economics Y1 - 1992/02// VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 184 EP - 195 SN - 00084085 N1 - Accession Number: 0266221; Keywords: Commercial Policy; Free Trade; Policy; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199209 N2 - This paper examines the implications of international returns to scale and globalization of production for commercial policy. Though national returns justify subsidization for small countries, the first-best policy for small countries acting on their own under international returns is free trade. However, a coalition of such small countries can justify an active, interventionist commercial policy, even when it is unable to manipulate world prices. In general, optimal subsidy rates for increasing returns sectors are greater for a coalition than for its members when acting on their own when terms-of-trade effects are controlled for. KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation F12 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291540-5982 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0266221&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291540-5982 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reinert, Kenneth A. AU - Roland-Holst, David W. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Mills College T1 - A Detailed Social Accounting Matrix for the USA, 1988 JO - Economic Systems Research JF - Economic Systems Research Y1 - 1992/// VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 173 EP - 187 SN - 09535314 N1 - Accession Number: 0273977; Keywords: Input Output; Social Accounting; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199303 N2 - This paper presents the methodology used to construct a highly disaggregated social accounting matrix (SAM) of the United States which integrates data on interindustry flows, value added, imports, and final demand for 487 production sectors into a consistent framework. The table was assembled from a variety of government data sources and updates 1982 input-output accounts and other information to 1988. The paper documents the data and techniques used to assemble and update these accounts for those who wish to construct large-scale SAMs. KW - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis D57 KW - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access C82 L3 - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cesr20 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0273977&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cesr20 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - BOOK ID - 1993-11921 AU - U.S. International Trade Commission, (Corp.) TI - Pads for woodwind instrument keys from Italy T3 - Publication PY - 1992/01/01 Y2 - 1992 CY - Washington, D.C. PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 1993-11921. Record Type: Main Record Document Type: Book: monograph. Includes: illustrations. Language: English. AB - The determination of the commission in investigation no. 731-TA-627 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. KW - 45: Sound sources -- Wind (aerophones). General KW - instruments--wind (woodwind) -- woodwind instruments -- Italy -- keypads -- exports KW - economics -- Italy -- instruments -- woodwind -- keypads -- exports KW - Italy -- instruments -- woodwind instruments -- keypads -- exports KW - law -- United States of America -- International Trade Commission -- Italian woodwind keypads UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ram&AN=A89376&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ram ER - TY - BOOK ID - 65944 AU - U.S. International Trade Commission T1 - Sulfanilic Acid from the Republic of Hungary and India: Determination of the Commission in Investigation No. 701-Ta-318 (Preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, Together with the Information Obtained in the Investigations T3 - USITC Publication 2526 Y1 - 1992/01/01/ CY - Washington, D.C. CY - United States PB - U.S. International Trade Commission N1 - Accession Number: 65944; Extent: 1 vol. (various pagings); Document Type: Book; Language: English KW - Hungary--Chemical Industry UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=65944&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - sbh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berg, Gerald AU - Bond, Eric T1 - The Welfare Effects of Import "Subquotas" on Heterogenous Product Categories. JO - Journal of Economics JF - Journal of Economics Y1 - 1991/11// VL - 54 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 251 EP - 265 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 09318658 AB - In spite of its importance to policy makers, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the welfare effects of one aspect of trade policy--how to implement an import quota that applies to a heterogeneous product category. The government can impose a simple quota that applies indiscriminately to all goods within the product category or it can divide the quota among them with "subquotas." In this paper, we analyze the welfare effects of subquotas. Under certain simplifying assumptions we find that a system of subquotas nearly always exists that provides greater welfare than a simple quota for a large country that retains quota rights or for a large or small country that gives quota rights away to foreigners. However, subquotas cannot increase the welfare of a small country that retains quota rights. The difference lies in the effect of imports on the home country's terms of trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Economics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IMPORT quotas KW - WELFARE economics KW - COMMERCIAL policy KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - ECONOMICS N1 - Accession Number: 4639171; Berg, Gerald 1; Bond, Eric 2; Affiliations: 1: United States International Trade Commission, Office of Economics, Washington, D.C. 20436, USA; 2: The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Economics, 608 Kern Graduate Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Issue Info: 1991, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p251; Thesaurus Term: IMPORT quotas; Thesaurus Term: WELFARE economics; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL policy; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4639171&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Keith B. AD - US International Trade Commission and FTC T1 - Regulation, Market Structure, and Hospital Costs: Comment JO - Southern Economic Journal JF - Southern Economic Journal Y1 - 1991/10// VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 528 EP - 534 SN - 00384038 N1 - Accession Number: 0265144; Keywords: Hospital; Hospitals; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199206 KW - Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health I18 KW - Analysis of Health Care Markets I11 L3 - http://journal.southerneconomic.org/loi/soec UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0265144&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journal.southerneconomic.org/loi/soec DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Flynn, Joseph E. T1 - The Determinants of Exit in an Open Economy. JO - Small Business Economics JF - Small Business Economics Y1 - 1991/09// VL - 3 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 225 EP - 232 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 0921898X AB - In this paper the determinants of exit are investigated for the manufacturing sector of the United States economy, which has been subjected to growing international influences. The analysis uses United States cross-sectional data. The results of the exit equation suggest that low profitability, declining industry growth, and displacement of incumbents by entrants foster exit International influences are also seen to have an impact on U.S. manufacturing exit. Specifically, imports into an industry have a small effect on exit and protection has little influence in stemming exit [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Small Business Economics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MANUFACTURING industries KW - FINANCIAL performance KW - IMPORTS KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - BUSINESS forecasting KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 16843960; Flynn, Joseph E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 USA.; Issue Info: Sep1991, Vol. 3 Issue 3, p225; Thesaurus Term: MANUFACTURING industries; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL performance; Thesaurus Term: IMPORTS; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS forecasting; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ent&AN=16843960&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ent ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shiells, Clinton R. T1 - ERRORS IN IMPORT-DEMAND ESTIMATES BASED UPON UNIT-VALUE INDEXES. JO - Review of Economics & Statistics JF - Review of Economics & Statistics Y1 - 1991/05// VL - 73 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 378 PB - MIT Press SN - 00346535 AB - Abstract--Disaggregated import-demand elasticity estimates based on import unit-value indexes are used in virtually all trade policy simulation models. However, unit-value indexes have been criticized especially by Kravis and Lipsey (1974). To examine the effect of using unit-value indexes on estimates of disaggregated import-demand elasticities, this paper compares regression results using unit-value indexes with results using U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics import-price indexes for several detailed trade categories based on quarterly data for 1978-88. Results show that using unit-value indexes does not greatly affect estimated import-demand elasticities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of Economics & Statistics is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELASTICITY (Economics) KW - DEMAND (Economic theory) KW - IMPORTS KW - TRADE regulation KW - PRICE indexes KW - COMMERCIAL policy KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Bureau of Labor Statistics N1 - Accession Number: 4646291; Shiells, Clinton R. 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission.; Issue Info: May91, Vol. 73 Issue 2, p378; Thesaurus Term: ELASTICITY (Economics); Thesaurus Term: DEMAND (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: IMPORTS; Thesaurus Term: TRADE regulation; Thesaurus Term: PRICE indexes; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL policy; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Bureau of Labor Statistics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4646291&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714251 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Ball bearings, mounted or unmounted, and parts thereof, from Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Hungary, Mexico, the People's Republic of China, Poland, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey and Yugoslavia: determination of the Commission in investigation no.701-TA-307 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-498-511 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2374 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714251. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714251&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714252 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Benzyl paraben from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-462 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2355 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714252. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714252&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714258 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain circular, welded, non-alloy steel pipes and tubes from Brazil, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Romania, Taiwan, and Venezuela: determination of the Commission in investigation no.701-TA-311 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation: determinations of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-532 through 537 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2454 PY - 1991/01/01 SP - 1v EP - 1v PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714258. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714258&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714262 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain personal word processors from Japan: determination of the Commission in Investigation no. 731-TA-483 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2411 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714262. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714262&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714268 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Chrome-plated lug nuts from the People's Republic of China and Taiwan: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-474-475 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2427 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714268. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714268&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714270 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Commercial microwave ovens, assembled or unassembled, from Japan: determination of the Commission together with information obtained in the investigation; investigation no.731-TA-523 (Preliminary) T2 - USITC publication, 2405 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714270. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714270&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - CHAP AU - Francois, Joseph F. AU - Palmeter, N. David AU - Anspacher, Jeffrey C. AD - US International Trade Commission AD - Mudge, Rose, Guthrie, Alexander & Ferdon AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Boltuck, Richard A2 - Litan, Robert E. T1 - Conceptual and Procedural Biases in the Administration of the Countervailing Duty Law T2 - Down in the dumps: Administration of the unfair trade laws PB - Washington, D.C.: PB - Brookings Y1 - 1991/// SP - 95 EP - 136 N1 - Accession Number: 0341063; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8157-1019-4; Keywords: Administration; Duty; Law; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199412 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - International Law K33 KW - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption D73 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0341063&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Boltuck, Richard AU - Francois, Joseph F. AU - Kaplan, Seth AD - Brookings Institution AD - US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Boltuck, Richard A2 - Litan, Robert E. T1 - The Economic Implications of the Administration of the U.S. Unfair Trade Laws T2 - Down in the dumps: Administration of the unfair trade laws PB - Washington, D.C.: PB - Brookings Y1 - 1991/// SP - 152 EP - 191 N1 - Accession Number: 0341066; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8157-1019-4; Keywords: Administration; Law; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199412 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 KW - International Law K33 KW - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption D73 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0341066&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714275 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Gray portland cement and cement clinker from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-461 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2376 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714275. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714275&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714277 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Heavy forged handtools from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-457 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2357 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714277. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714277&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reinert, Kenneth A. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Cheap Food and Resource Allocation in Central America JO - Journal of Economic Studies JF - Journal of Economic Studies Y1 - 1991/// VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 4 EP - 21 N1 - Accession Number: 0264010; Keywords: Distribution; Food; Pricing; Resources; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: Central America; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199206 N2 - During the 1950-79 period, the governments of Central America often pursued "cheap-food" policies. A general-equilibrium model is employed to show how these policies contributed to the resource-allocation patterns observed in the region during this period. The model also shows how cheap-food policies contributed to the observed shift in the functional distribution of income from wages to rents and profits. An empirical test verifies the contribution of bean-pricing policy to the shift in land resources away from food crops in Costa Rica, and the causes behind the relaxation of cheap-food policies in the 1980s are discussed. KW - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O13 KW - Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices Q11 KW - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration O15 L3 - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0144-3585 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0264010&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0144-3585 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Boltuck, Richard AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Tharakan, P. K. M. T1 - Assessing the Effects on the Domestic Industry of Price Dumping T2 - Policy implications of antidumping measures PB - Advanced Series in Management, vol. 14 PB - Amsterdam; Oxford and Tokyo: PB - North-Holland; distributed in the U.S. and Canada by Elsevier Science, New York Y1 - 1991/// SP - 99 EP - 141 N1 - Accession Number: 0339054; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-444-88713-X; Keywords: Dumping; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199412 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0339054&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - CHAP AU - Kaplan, Seth AD - US International Trade Commission A2 - Tharakan, P. K. M. T1 - Injury and Causation in USITC Antidumping Determinations: Five Recent Approaches T2 - Policy implications of antidumping measures PB - Advanced Series in Management, vol. 14 PB - Amsterdam; Oxford and Tokyo: PB - North-Holland; distributed in the U.S. and Canada by Elsevier Science, New York Y1 - 1991/// SP - 143 EP - 173 N1 - Accession Number: 0339055; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-444-88713-X; Keywords: Anti Dumping; Antidumping; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199412 KW - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F13 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0339055&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714290 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Polythylene terephthalate film, sheet, and strip from Japan and the Republic of Korea: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-458 and 459 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2383 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714290. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714290&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714292 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Refined antimony trioxide from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-517 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2395 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714292. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714292&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714296 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Silicon metal from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-472 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2385 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714296. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714296&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714297 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Sodium thiosulfate from the Federal Republic of Germany, The People's Republic of China, and the United Kingdom: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-465, 466, and 468 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714297. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714297&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714298 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Sparklers from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-464 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2387 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714298. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714298&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714299 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Sparklers from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-464 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2306 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714299. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714299&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714303 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Steel wire rope from India, the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Thailand: determination of the Commission in investigation no.701-TA-305 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-478 and 480-482 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2442 PY - 1991/01/01 SP - 18 EP - 18 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714303. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 18, A34p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714303&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714304 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Sulfanilic acid from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-538 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2457 PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714304. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714304&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714309 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Tungsten ore concentrates from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-497 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation PY - 1991/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714309. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1991; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714309&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rousslang, Donald J. AU - van Leeuwen, Pieter T1 - Using a VAT to reduce the federal deficit: the consequences for US trade. JO - Applied Economics JF - Applied Economics Y1 - 1990/02// VL - 22 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 179 EP - 186 PB - Routledge SN - 00036846 AB - The large US Federal budget deficits of recent years have stirred considerable debate over ways to increase the national tax revenue. Among the alternatives considered, the value-added tax (VAT) has emerged as the strongest candidate.[1] Much of the debate has focussed on the effects that adding a VAT to existing US taxes would have on the aggregate trade balance.[2] To date, however, no one has examined the effects this new tax would have on international competitiveness of disaggregate US industries. The purpose of this paper is to provide estimates of these disaggregate effects and of the implied effects on demand for industry outputs. Such estimates will help policy makers assess the incidence of the tax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BUDGET deficits KW - TAX revenue estimating KW - TAXATION KW - VALUE-added tax KW - INDUSTRIES KW - INTERNAL revenue KW - BALANCE of trade KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 4623553; Rousslang, Donald J. 1; van Leeuwen, Pieter 2; Affiliations: 1: US International Trade Commission, George Washington University, Washington, DC.; 2: USA Economists Incorporated, Washington, DC, USA.; Issue Info: Feb1990, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p179; Thesaurus Term: BUDGET deficits; Thesaurus Term: TAX revenue estimating; Thesaurus Term: TAXATION; Thesaurus Term: VALUE-added tax; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIES; Thesaurus Term: INTERNAL revenue; Thesaurus Term: BALANCE of trade; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4623553&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714253 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Benzyl paraben from Japan: determination of the commission in investigation no.731-TA-462 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2303 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714253. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714253&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714257 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain brass sheet and strip from Japan and the Netherlands' views on remand in investigations nos. 731-TA-379 and 380 (final) T2 - USITC publication, 2255 PY - 1990/01/01 SP - 15p EP - 15 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714257. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 15p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714257&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714259 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain electric fans from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-473 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2340 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714259. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714259&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714260 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain laser light-scattering instruments from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-455 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2282 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714260. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714260&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714261 AU - United States. International Trade Commission TI - Certain personal word processors from Japan and Singapore: determination of the commission in investigations nos. 731-TA-483 and 484 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2344 PY - 1990/01/01 SP - 43 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714261. Authors: United States. International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 43, 56, 20p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714261&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714263 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain residential door locks and parts thereof from Taiwan: determination of the Commission in Investigation no.731-TA-433 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2253 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714263. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714263&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714264 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain sodium sulfur chemical compounds from the Federal Republic of Germany, the People's Republic of China, Turkey, and the United Kingdom: determination of the Commission in investigation no.701-TA-303 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations nos.731-TA-465-468 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2307 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714264. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714264&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714267 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain telephone systems and subassemblies thereof from Korea: determination of the Commission in investigation on 731-TA-427 (final) under of [sic] the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2254 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714267. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714267&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714269 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Chrome-plated lug nuts from the People's Republic of China and Taiwan: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-474-475 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2342 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714269. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714269&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714274 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Estimated tariff equivalents of nontariff barriers on certain agricultural imports in the European Community, Japan, and Canada: supplemental report to the President on investigation no. 332-281 under section 332 (g) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended T2 - USITC publication, 2280 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714274. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714274&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714276 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Gray portland cement and cement clinker from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-461 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2297 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714276. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714276&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714278 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Heavy forged handtools from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-457 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2284 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714278. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714278&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714279 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - High-information content flat panel displays and subassemblies thereof from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-469 (Preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2315 PY - 1990/01/01 SP - 1v EP - 1v PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714279. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714279&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714283 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Industrial nitrocellulose from Brazil, Japan, the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom and West Germany: determinations of the Commission in investingations nos. 731-TA-439 through 444 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2295 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714283. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714283&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714286 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Mechanical transfer presses from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-429 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2257 PY - 1990/01/01 SP - 135 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714286. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 135, 78p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714286&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714288 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Natural bristle paint brushes from the People's Republic of China: views on remand in investigation no. 731-TA-244 (final) T2 - USITC publication, 2260 PY - 1990/01/01 SP - 15p EP - 15 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714288. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 15p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714288&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714289 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet, and strip from Japan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 731-TA-458 through 460 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2292 PY - 1990/01/01 SP - 71 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714289. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 71, A1-A38, B1-B16. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714289&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714295 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Silicon metal from Argentina, Brazil, and the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission together with information obtained in the investigations: invs. nos. 701-TA-304 and 731-TA-470-472 (preliminary) T2 - USITC publication, 2325 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714295. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714295&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714300 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Sparklers from the People's Republic of China: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-464 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2306 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714300. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714300&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714302 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Steel wire rope from Argentina, Chile, India, Israel, Mexico, the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Thailand: determinations of the commission in investigations nos.701-TA-305 and 306 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations: determinations of the commission in investigations nos.731-TA-476-482 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2343 PY - 1990/01/01 SP - 49 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714302. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 49, 100p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714302&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714305 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Sweaters wholly or in chief weight of manmade fibers from Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-448-450 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2312 PY - 1990/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714305. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1990; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714305&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boltuck, Richard D. AD - US International Trade Commission T1 - Offshore Assembly Provisions in the U.S.: Some Possible Trade Effects of Their Repeal JO - Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv JF - Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Y1 - 1990/// VL - 126 IS - 4 SP - 709 EP - 721 SN - 00432636 N1 - Accession Number: 0247201 Partial authors List; ; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199109 N2 - This paper examines how repeal of the U.S. Offshore Assembly Provision would affect U.S. trade and the export earnings of foreign assemblers. Estimates are given for nineteen disaggregate product categories. An Armington-type trade model with imperfect substitutes is used that allows U.S. consumers to distinguish between goods from different countries that are included in the same product category. It is found that eliminating the Offshore Assembly Provision would do little to reduce foreign competition facing U.S. assemblers, but that it would have significant adverse effects on U.S. exporters of components and on export earnings of assemblers in less developed countries. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0247201&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Murray, Tracy AU - Rousslang, Donald J. AD - U Arkansas and US International Trade Commission AD - US International Trade Commission and George Washington U T1 - A Method for Estimating Injury Caused by Unfair Trade Practices JO - International Review of Law and Economics JF - International Review of Law and Economics Y1 - 1989/12// VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 149 EP - 164 N1 - Accession Number: 0228354; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 KW - Commercial Policy 4220 L3 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01448188 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0228354&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01448188 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feinberg, Robert M. T1 - EXCHANGE RATES AND "UNFAIR TRADE". JO - Review of Economics & Statistics JF - Review of Economics & Statistics Y1 - 1989/11// VL - 71 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 704 PB - MIT Press SN - 00346535 AB - Abstract--An examination of the changing country pattern of dumping and subsidy complaints by U.S. companies over time suggests that exchange rate fluctuations are a significant factor in determining case filings, especially against Japanese companies. The inverse relationship observed between filings and the real external value of the U.S. dollar is consistent both with the traditional (or technical) interpretation of dumping and subsidy cases, and with the view that they are promoted by rent-seeking activities of lawyers and economists representing petitioners. While this result says nothing about the merits of any particular case, it cautions that the prevalence of "unfair trade" is not exogenous with respect to broader macroeconomic considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of Economics & Statistics is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DUMPING (International trade) KW - FOREIGN exchange rates KW - PUBLIC spending KW - UNFAIR competition KW - MONETARY policy KW - MONEY KW - LEGAL professions N1 - Accession Number: 4649359; Feinberg, Robert M. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: American University.; 2: U.S. International Trade Commission.; Issue Info: Nov89, Vol. 71 Issue 4, p704; Thesaurus Term: DUMPING (International trade); Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange rates; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC spending; Thesaurus Term: UNFAIR competition; Thesaurus Term: MONETARY policy; Thesaurus Term: MONEY; Thesaurus Term: LEGAL professions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4649359&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - RPRT AU - Feinberg, Robert M. T1 - THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MOVEMENTS ON U.S. DOMESTIC PRICES. JO - Review of Economics & Statistics JF - Review of Economics & Statistics Y1 - 1989/08// VL - 71 IS - 3 M3 - Industry Overview SP - 505 PB - MIT Press SN - 00346535 AB - Abstract--This paper draws on the fields of international economics and industrial organization to model and empirically examine the relationship between currency-value fluctuations and domestic producer prices. The major focus is the issue of whether (and why) domestic industries differ systematically in their response to exchange rate changes. The major findings are that changes in the external value of the U.S. dollar between 1974 and 1987 passed most fully into domestic prices of industries heavily reliant on imported inputs and producing goods highly substitutable for imports; highly capital-intensive and concentrated industries and those protected by extensive barriers to entry, both from domestic and foreign sources, have exhibited less domestic price change from these exchange rate movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of Economics & Statistics is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FOREIGN exchange KW - INTERNATIONAL economic relations KW - INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) KW - INTERNATIONAL finance KW - FOREIGN exchange rates KW - PRICES KW - INDUSTRIES KW - ECONOMIC policy KW - INTERNATIONAL relations KW - ECONOMIC aspects N1 - Accession Number: 4648130; Feinberg, Robert M. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: American University; 2: U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, D.C; Issue Info: Aug89, Vol. 71 Issue 3, p505; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic relations; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL finance; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange rates; Thesaurus Term: PRICES; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIES; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC policy; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL relations; Subject Term: ECONOMIC aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911410 Foreign affairs; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Industry Overview UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4648130&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Francois, Joseph F. T1 - Estimating Homeownership Costs: Owners' Estimates of Implicit Rents and the Relative Importance of Rental Equivalence in the Consumer Price Index. JO - Journal of the American Real Estate & Urban Economics Association JF - Journal of the American Real Estate & Urban Economics Association Y1 - 1989///Spring89 VL - 17 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 87 EP - 99 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 10678433 AB - This paper discusses the relative importance of Rental Equivalence (REQ) in the U.S. Consumer Price Index. A hedonic model of rents is estimated, and the resulting parameters are then used to compare hedonic estimates of implicit rents to homeowner estimates like those actually used to estimate the REQ expenditure weight. There are several reasons why hedonic estimates might be below actual implicit rents, and these effects are controlled for in the model. Owner estimates of implicit rents are then shown to be comparable to such hedonic estimates. Results support the method used to estimate the expenditure weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the American Real Estate & Urban Economics Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONSUMER price indexes KW - RENT KW - COST & standard of living KW - ECONOMIC indicators KW - CONSUMERS KW - HOMEOWNERS KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 5859945; Francois, Joseph F. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission, Research Division, Office of Economics, 500 E. Street SW, Room 603E, Washington, DC 20436.; 2: University of Maryland (University College).; Issue Info: Spring89, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p87; Thesaurus Term: CONSUMER price indexes; Thesaurus Term: RENT; Thesaurus Term: COST & standard of living; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC indicators; Thesaurus Term: CONSUMERS; Subject Term: HOMEOWNERS; Subject: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=5859945&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN AU - Shea, Michael R. AU - Eckes, Alfred E. AU - Haynes, Roscoe AU - Wachtel, George A. AU - Herndon, Eleanor L. AU - Blansett, L. AU - Fox, B. AU - MacKay, C. AU - Chowdhury, D. AU - O'Callaghan, M. AU - Calvert, H. AU - Le Part, J. AU - Heiderich, K. AU - Lu, J. AU - Taylor, J. AU - Ericson, N. AU - Wall, S. AU - Burgess, Kelly L. AU - Bunyak Jr., Bernard J. AU - Greer, Jim T1 - Readers Report. JO - BusinessWeek JF - BusinessWeek J1 - BusinessWeek PY - 1989/01/09/ Y1 - 1989/01/09/ IS - 3086 M3 - Letter SP - 7 EP - 14 SN - 00077135 AB - Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. "The S&L Mess--and How to Fix It," which talks about allowing thrifts to offer tax-free rates on a certain percentage of their deposit base; "Disputes Over Dumping: Where the Trade Referees go Wrong," which argues for increased emphasis on economic analysis in import-remedy decision-making at the U.S. International Trade Commission; "There's No Dodging the Issues Now," which deals with the growth of the U.S. underclass. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - LIQUIDATING dividends KW - DUMPING (International trade) KW - DECISION making N1 - Accession Number: 17648501; Source Information: 1/9/89, Issue 3086, p7; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: LIQUIDATING dividends; Subject Term: DUMPING (International trade); Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Document Type: Letter; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=17648501&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - mth ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714248 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - 12-volt motorcycle batteries from the Republic of Korea: determination of the commission in investigation no.731-TA-434 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation PY - 1989/01/01 SP - 57 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714248. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 57, 29, 14p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714248&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714249 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - 3.5 microdisks and media therefor from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-389 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2170 PY - 1989/01/01 SP - A EP - 98 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714249. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 98, A-120p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714249&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714250 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Antifriction bearings (other than tapered roller bearings) and parts thereof from the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Romania, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, and the United Kingdom: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 303-TA-19 and 20 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 731-TA-391-399 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publications, 2185 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714250. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714250&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714255 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Cellular mobile telephones and subassemblies thereof from Japan: views on demand in investigation no. 731-TA-207 (final) T2 - USITC publication, 2155 PY - 1989/01/01 SP - 32p EP - 32 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714255. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 32p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714255&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714256 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain all-terrain vehicles from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-388 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2163 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714256. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714256&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714265 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain telephone systems and subassemblies thereof from Japan and Taiwan: determinatations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-426 and 428 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2237 PY - 1989/01/01 SP - 351 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714265. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 351, 91, 41p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714265&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714266 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Certain telephone systems and subassemblies thereof from Japan, Korea and Taiwan: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 731-TA-426-428 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2156 PY - 1989/01/01 SP - 97 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714266. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 97, 68p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714266&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714271 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Digital readout systems and subassemblies thereof from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-390 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2150 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714271. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 142p. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714271&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714272 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Drafting machines and parts thereof from Japan: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-432 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2247 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714272. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714272&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714273 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Electrolytic manganese dioxide from Greece and Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation nos.731-TA-406 and 408 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2177 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714273. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714273&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714280 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Industrial belts from Israel, Italy, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and West Germany: determinations of the Commission in investigation no.701-TA-293 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-412 through 419 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2194 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714280. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714280&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714282 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Industrial nitrocellulose from Brazil, Japan, People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, West Germany, and Yugoslavia: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-439 through 445 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2231 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714282. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714282&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714284 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Light-duty integrated hydrostatic transmissions and subassemblies thereof, with or without attached axles, from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-425 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2149 PY - 1989/01/01 SP - 87 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714284. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 87, 63p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714284&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714287 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Mechanical transfer presses from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-429 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2160 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714287. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714287&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714293 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Sewn cloth headwear from the People's Republic of China determinations of the Commission in investigations no.731-TA-405 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2183 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714293. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714293&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714306 AU - United States. International Trade Commission TI - Sweaters wholly or in chief weight of manmade fibers from Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos.731-TA-448-450 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2234 PY - 1989/01/01 SP - 1v EP - 1v PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714306. Authors: United States. International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714306&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714310 AU - United States. International Trade Commission. Office of Forest Products and Domestic Construction TI - The Japanese solid wood products market: profile and outlook PY - 1989/01/01 SP - 194p EP - 194 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714310. Authors: United States. International Trade Commission. Office of Forest Products and Domestic Construction; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 194p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714310&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714307 AU - United States. International Trade Commission TI - The pros and cons of entering into negotiations on free trade area agreements with Taiwan, the Republic of Korea, and ASEAN, or the Pacific rim region in general: report to the Senate Committee on Finance on Investigation no. TA-332-259, under section 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930 T2 - USITC publication, 2166 PY - 1989/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714307. Authors: United States. International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 1v. (various pagings). UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714307&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714308 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Thermostatically controlled appliance plugs and internal probe thermostats therefor [sic] from Canada, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan: determination of the commission in investigation no.701-TA-292 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation: determinations of the commission in investigations nos.731-TA-400 and 402-404 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations T2 - USITC publication, 2152 PY - 1989/01/01 SP - 28 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714308. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1989; Pages: 28, 39, 24p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714308&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - GEN AU - Eckes, A.E. T1 - Trade After the Election: FREE TRADE AGREEMENT WITH JAPAN. JO - Vital Speeches of the Day JF - Vital Speeches of the Day Y1 - 1988/10/15/ VL - 55 IS - 1 M3 - Speech SP - 14 EP - 16 PB - Pro Rhetoric, LLC SN - 0042742X AB - Presents a speech by Alfred E. Eckes, commissioner of the U.S. International Trade Commission, delivered to the Committee on Monetary Research and Education in New York in August 3, 1988. General political observation if Governor Michael Dukakis is elected; Major differences between Vice President George Bush and Governor Dukakis; Issues that Japan would have to consider to create a partnership that is of interest to the U.S. KW - JAPAN KW - UNITED States KW - ECKES, Alfred E. KW - BUSH, George, 1924- KW - DUKAKIS, Michael S. (Michael Stanley), 1933- N1 - Accession Number: 8800017513; Eckes, A.E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Commissioner, United States International Trade Commission; Source Info: 10/15/88, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p14; Subject Term: JAPAN; Subject Term: UNITED States; People: ECKES, Alfred E.; People: BUSH, George, 1924-; People: DUKAKIS, Michael S. (Michael Stanley), 1933-; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Speech UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=8800017513&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - RANDALL, ROBERT L. T1 - Economic Competitiveness. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 1988/09/23/ VL - 241 IS - 4873 M3 - Article SP - 1585 EP - 1585 SN - 00368075 N1 - Accession Number: 87461418; RANDALL, ROBERT L. 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission, 701 E Street, NW, Washington, DC 20436; Issue Info: 9/23/1988, Vol. 241 Issue 4873, p1585; Number of Pages: 1/5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87461418&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berg, Gerald C. T1 - The effects of the external debts of Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and the Philippines on the United States. JO - Applied Economics JF - Applied Economics Y1 - 1988/07// VL - 20 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 939 PB - Routledge SN - 00036846 AB - The external debts of developing countries have become a major issue recently, prompting debate among both academicians and policy makers. In this paper, the author describes the origins and history of the debt problem, summarizes proposals for policies for creditor nations, and estimates the effects of debt-related austerity in five major debtor nations on US imports, exports, net exports, and output in 1985. He concludes that debt-related austerity was responsible for 11.0 % of the US merchandise trade deficit in that year, caused decreases in US net trade in 40 to 61 non-service industries studied and decreases in output in 46 industries, and caused a decrease of 0.5 % in GNP.
In this paper, I provide estimates of the effects of debt-related austerity in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and the Philippines on the US economy. Using a market share analysis, I estimate the change in US imports, exports, and net exports to each of these countries and to all five countries as a group. Using these estimates and the Commerce Department's input-output model of the US economy, I estimate the overall production effects for the United States. I begin with an historical overview of the debt problem and a summary of proposed policies for creditor nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXTERNAL debts KW - INTERNATIONAL economic relations KW - UNITED States -- Foreign economic relations KW - DEVELOPING countries KW - PHILIPPINES KW - UNITED States KW - MEXICO KW - VENEZUELA KW - BRAZIL N1 - Accession Number: 4619753; Berg, Gerald C. 1; Affiliations: 1: US International Trade Commission, Washington DC, USA.; Issue Info: Jul1988, Vol. 20 Issue 7, p939; Thesaurus Term: EXTERNAL debts; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic relations; Subject Term: UNITED States -- Foreign economic relations; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Subject: PHILIPPINES; Subject: UNITED States; Subject: MEXICO; Subject: VENEZUELA; Subject: BRAZIL; NAICS/Industry Codes: 526916 Bond and income / dividend funds - foreign; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 6 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4619753&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rousslang, Donald J. AU - Suomela, John W. T1 - Calculating the welfare costs of import restrictions in the imperfect substitutes. JO - Applied Economics JF - Applied Economics Y1 - 1988/05// VL - 20 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 691 PB - Routledge SN - 00036846 AB - This paper supplies equations for partial-equilibrium calculations of the welfare effects of tariffs and quotas when the imported good and the competing domestic good are imperfect substitutes in demand. The equations take into account the response of the price of the domestic substitute. Although other studies have acknowledged this response, they have failed to account for it in their welfare calculations. To demonstrate the importance of this response, it is shown how it affects the calculations for the welfare costs of tariffs and quotas on US imports of footwear. It is shown that ignoring the response of domestic prices leads to significant overstatement of the welfare costs of tariffs and significant understatement of the welfare costs of quotas for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PUBLIC goods KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - TARIFF KW - DEMAND (Economic theory) KW - COST KW - IMPORTS KW - EQUILIBRIUM KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 4619413; Rousslang, Donald J. 1; Suomela, John W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, US International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW, Washington DC 20436, USA.; Issue Info: May88, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p691; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC goods; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: TARIFF; Thesaurus Term: DEMAND (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: COST; Thesaurus Term: IMPORTS; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4619413&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brada, Josef C. AU - Méndez, José A. T1 - AN ESTIMATE OF THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION. JO - Review of Economics & Statistics JF - Review of Economics & Statistics Y1 - 1988/02// VL - 70 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 163 PB - MIT Press SN - 00346535 AB - Abstract--This paper examines two dynamic effects of regional economic integration, higher levels of investment and faster factor productivity growth, in six integration schemes, the EEC, EFTA, LAFTA, CACM, EACM and CMEA. Faster productivity effects are found only in LAFTA and CMEA while all schemes except the CMEA increased members' investment levels. Nevertheless, the cumulative impact of these dynamic effects over nearly twenty years is no more than 1% of members' GNP. Consequently, the dynamic effects of integration cannot explain rapid rates of growth experienced by members of some integration schemes nor can they serve as a rationale for integration [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of Economics & Statistics is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNATIONAL economic integration KW - REGIONAL economics KW - ESTIMATION theory KW - INVESTMENTS KW - PRODUCTION (Economic theory) KW - ESTIMATES KW - REGIONAL planning KW - ECONOMICS KW - REGIONALISM N1 - Accession Number: 4648523; Brada, Josef C. 1; Méndez, José A. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Arizona State University; 2: United States International Trade Commission.; Issue Info: Feb88, Vol. 70 Issue 1, p163; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic integration; Thesaurus Term: REGIONAL economics; Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: INVESTMENTS; Thesaurus Term: PRODUCTION (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATES; Thesaurus Term: REGIONAL planning; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS; Subject Term: REGIONALISM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523999 Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523930 Investment Advice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 925120 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4648523&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714281 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Industrial belts from Israel, Italy, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and West Germany: determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 701-TA-293-295 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations; determinations of the commission in investigations, nos. 731-TA-412-429 T2 - USITC publication, 2113 PY - 1988/01/01 SP - 1v EP - 1v PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714281. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1988; Pages: 1v. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714281&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714291 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Porcelain-on-steel cooking ware from Taiwan: views of the commission concerning its determination to not institute a review of investigation no.731-TA-299, porcelain-on-steel cooking ware from Taiwan T2 - USITC publication, 2117 PY - 1988/01/01 SP - 11p EP - 11 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714291. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1988; Pages: 11p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714291&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714294 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Sewn cloth headwear, the People's Repubic of China determination of the Commission in investigation no.731-TA-405 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 2096 PY - 1988/01/01 SP - 42 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714294. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1988; Pages: 42, 73p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714294&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rousslang, Donald J. T1 - THE EFFECTS OF RECENT CORPORATE TAX CHANGES ON U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE. JO - National Tax Journal JF - National Tax Journal Y1 - 1987/12// VL - 40 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 603 EP - 615 PB - National Tax Association SN - 00280283 AB - This paper estimates the effects that recent changes in U.S. corporate income taxes will have on international trade in disaggregate industries. The estimates tend to exaggerate these effects somewhat, because they are based on the assumption that all the tax changes are fully passed through to buyers in the form of price changes. It is found that most of the adverse effects are quite small and should not impose noticeable adjustment costs in any industry. However, some of the industries could experience noticeable output gains from improved international competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of National Tax Journal is the property of National Tax Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CORPORATE profits KW - TAXATION KW - INCOME tax KW - INDUSTRIES KW - PRICES KW - INDUSTRIAL costs KW - COMPETITION N1 - Accession Number: 4585083; Rousslang, Donald J. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission; 2: George Washington University; Issue Info: Dec87, Vol. 40 Issue 4, p603; Thesaurus Term: CORPORATE profits; Thesaurus Term: TAXATION; Thesaurus Term: INCOME tax; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIES; Thesaurus Term: PRICES; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL costs; Subject Term: COMPETITION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4585083&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paula Stern AU - Paula Stern was chairman of the U.S. International Trade Commission from 1984 to 1986. T1 - JO - New York Times JF - New York Times J1 - New York Times PY - 1987/06/24/ Y1 - 1987/06/24/ M3 - Article SP - 27 SN - 03624331 N1 - Accession Number: 30854522; Source Information: 6/24/1987, p27; Number of Pages: 0p; ; Document Type: Article; ; Full Text Word Count: 757; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=30854522&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - n5h ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714285 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Liquid crystal display television receivers from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no. 751-TA-14 under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with information obtained in the investigation NT - TV supplies industry T2 - USITC publication, 2042 PY - 1987/01/01 SP - 36 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714285. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1987; Pages: 36, 84p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714285&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feinberg, Robert M. T1 - THE INTERACTION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND MARKET POWER EFFECTS ON GERMAN DOMESTIC PRICES. JO - Journal of Industrial Economics JF - Journal of Industrial Economics Y1 - 1986/09// VL - 35 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 61 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 00221821 AB - This paper illustrates the importance of international influences on domestic markets. A model is presented in which changes in a country's terms of trade pass through to industrial prices in varying degrees depending on import penetration and seller concentration. Empirical results suggest that the 8.4 percent decline in the real external value of the Deutsche Mark from 1977 to 1983 allowed upward movement of about 2 percent in domestic producer prices of traded goods relative to the GNP price deflator. Increased market concentration led to a reduced effect, while increased import penetration led to some increase in the exchange rate passthrough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Industrial Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DOMESTIC markets KW - FOREIGN exchange KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - PRICES KW - TERMS of trade KW - DEFLATION (Finance) KW - INDUSTRIAL concentration KW - FOREIGN exchange rate risk KW - GERMANY N1 - Accession Number: 5709251; Feinberg, Robert M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Office of Economics, US International Trade Commission, 701 E Street, N. W., Washington, DC 20436, USA.; Issue Info: Sep86, Vol. 35 Issue 1, p61; Thesaurus Term: DOMESTIC markets; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: PRICES; Thesaurus Term: TERMS of trade; Thesaurus Term: DEFLATION (Finance); Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL concentration; Thesaurus Term: FOREIGN exchange rate risk; Subject: GERMANY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=5709251&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN AU - Stern, Paula T1 - The U.S. Trade System and the National Interest: CAN WE DO BETTER? JO - Vital Speeches of the Day JF - Vital Speeches of the Day Y1 - 1986/04/15/ VL - 52 IS - 13 M3 - Speech SP - 389 EP - 392 PB - Pro Rhetoric, LLC SN - 0042742X AB - Presents a speech by Paula Stern, chairwoman of the U.S. International Trade Commission, delivered at the World Affairs Council in Wilmington, Delaware on March 17, 1986. Crisis faced by the U.S. with regards to international trade; Information on the two-tier approach of the U.S. government with regards to handling trade issues; Measures that should be taken by the U.S. to solve its trade problems. KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - WILMINGTON (Del.) KW - DELAWARE KW - UNITED States International Trade Commission KW - STERN, Paula N1 - Accession Number: 8600013528; Stern, Paula 1; Affiliation: 1: Chairwoman, U.S. International Trade Commission; Source Info: 4/15/86, Vol. 52 Issue 13, p389; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Subject Term: WILMINGTON (Del.); Subject Term: DELAWARE; Company/Entity: UNITED States International Trade Commission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; People: STERN, Paula; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Speech UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=8600013528&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rousslang, Donald J. T1 - Free trade between Mexico and the United States? (Book Review). JO - Journal of Economic Literature JF - Journal of Economic Literature Y1 - 1985/09// VL - 23 IS - 3 M3 - Book Review SP - 1230 PB - American Economic Association SN - 00220515 AB - Reviews the book "Free Trade Between Mexico and the United States?," by Sidney Weintraub. KW - FREE trade KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - NONFICTION KW - WEINTRAUB, Sidney KW - FREE Trade Between Mexico & the United States? (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 5297311; Rousslang, Donald J. 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. International Trade Commission; Issue Info: Sep85, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p1230; Thesaurus Term: FREE trade; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: FREE Trade Between Mexico & the United States? (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; People: WEINTRAUB, Sidney; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=5297311&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714254 AU - United States International Trade Commission TI - Candles from the People's Republic of China: determination of the commission in investigation no.731-TA-282 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation T2 - USITC publication, 1768 PY - 1985/01/01 SP - 37p EP - 37 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714254. Authors: United States International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1985; Pages: 37p. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714254&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tsao, J. T. H. T1 - Factor Endowments and Trade of the United States and Taiwan: The Leontief Paradox Re-Examined. JO - Empirical Economics JF - Empirical Economics Y1 - 1980/07// VL - 5 IS - 3/4 M3 - Article SP - 245 EP - 253 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 03777332 AB - The primary purpose of this paper is to re-examine the compatibility of the factor endowment theorem with the foreign trade of both the United States and Taiwan. The study presents evidence that the so-called Leontief paradox may be attributable to technological gaps and factor intensity reversals between the two trading countries. In addition, the conditions for existence of the paradox are generalized. A distinctive feature of this study is that the technologies of both countries are taken into account. The findings reveal that if one-sided technical coefficients, of either the United States or Taiwan, are used for the empirical tests, the Leontief paradox tends to result. The paradox is likely to disappear when the Leontief index is derived from the technical coefficients of both trading countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Empirical Economics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - INTERNATIONAL economic relations KW - COMMERCE KW - INTERNATIONAL relations KW - UNITED States KW - TAIWAN N1 - Accession Number: 5822438; Tsao, J. T. H. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Senior Economist, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, D.C. 20436, USA; 2: Lecturer in Economics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Issue Info: 1980, Vol. 5 Issue 3/4, p245; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL economic relations; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCE; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL relations; Subject: UNITED States; Subject: TAIWAN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911410 Foreign affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=5822438&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN AU - Manning, Martin J T1 - Cataloging-in-source at the us international trade commission library JO - Special Libraries JF - Special Libraries Y1 - 1979/07// VL - 70 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 281 EP - 286 SN - 00386723 AB - The us international trade commission library has been involved with the cataloguing-in-source program since 1975. What began as a publicity tool is now an established part of commission policy, as well as an essential cataloging aid to users of the agency's many publications. N1 - Accession Number: ISTA1401016; Manning, Martin J 1; Affiliations: 1 : Us International Trade Commission Library, Washington; Source Info: July 1979, Vol. 70 Issue 7, p281; Note: Update Code: 1400; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=ISTA1401016&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lih ER - TY - BOOK AU - Lang, J.M. AU - United States International Trade Commission, United States, Congress, Senate, Committee on Finance, Subcommittee on International Trade T1 - Agreements being negotiated at the multilateral trade negotiations in Geneva-U.S. International Trade Commission investigation no. 332-101: analysis of nontariff agreements: a report JO - Agreements being negotiated at the multilateral trade negotiations in Geneva-U.S. International Trade Commission investigation no. 332-101: analysis of nontariff agreements: a report JF - Agreements being negotiated at the multilateral trade negotiations in Geneva-U.S. International Trade Commission investigation no. 332-101: analysis of nontariff agreements: a report Y1 - 1979/// M3 - Book KW - FOREIGN trade regulation KW - FOREIGN trade regulation -- United States KW - Tariff - Law &; legislation KW - Tariff - Law &; legislation - United States N1 - Accession Number: MRB-MCS0116282; Lang, J.M.; United States International Trade Commission, United States, Congress, Senate, Committee on Finance, Subcommittee on International Trade; Source Info: Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 1979; v ; Note: Publisher Information: U. Govt. Print. Off.: for sale by the Supt. of Doc, U. Govt. Print. Off, Washington.; Note: Includes bibliographical references; Note: United States. International Trade Commission investigation; Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS:; Note: pt. 1. Introduction and overview of legal issues. Subsidies by; Note: ountervailing duty measures agreement; Note: pt. 2. Customs valuation agreement. Agreement on import; Note: licensingprocedures; Note: pt. 3. Agreement on technical barriers to trade. Agreement; Note: ongovernment procurement; Note: pt. 4. International diary arrangement. Agreement on trade in; Note: civilaircraft. Group 'Framework.' Proof-gallon method of tax and; Note: dutyassessment; Note: pt. 5. Industry by griculture sector analysis; Subject Term: FOREIGN trade regulation; Subject Term: FOREIGN trade regulation -- United States; Document Type: Book UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fxh&AN=MRB-MCS0116282&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - fxh ER - TY - BOOK ID - BAS714301 AU - United States. International Trade Commission TI - Special report to the Congress and the East-West Foreign Trade Board on implications for U.S. trade of granting most-favored-nation treatment to the People's Republic of China PY - 1977/01/01 PB - Washington, D.C. N1 - Accession Number: BAS714301. Authors: United States. International Trade Commission; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1977; Pages: 105p.. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS714301&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - bas ER -