TY - JOUR AU - Gronewold, Andrew D. AU - Sobsey, Mark D. AU - McMahan, Lanakila T1 - The compartment bag test (CBT) for enumerating fecal indicator bacteria: Basis for design and interpretation of results. JO - Science of the Total Environment JF - Science of the Total Environment Y1 - 2017/06// VL - 587 M3 - Article SP - 102 EP - 107 SN - 00489697 AB - For the past several years, the compartment bag test (CBT) has been employed in water quality monitoring and public health protection around the world. To date, however, the statistical basis for the design and recommended procedures for enumerating fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations from CBT results have not been formally documented. Here, we provide that documentation following protocols for communicating the evolution of similar water quality testing procedures. We begin with an overview of the statistical theory behind the CBT, followed by a description of how that theory was applied to determine an optimal CBT design. We then provide recommendations for interpreting CBT results, including procedures for estimating quantiles of the FIB concentration probability distribution, and the confidence of compliance with recognized water quality guidelines. We synthesize these values in custom user-oriented ‘look-up’ tables similar to those developed for other FIB water quality testing methods. Modified versions of our tables are currently distributed commercially as part of the CBT testing kit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FECAL microbiology KW - WATER quality KW - PUBLIC health KW - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences KW - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) KW - Compartment bag test KW - Drinking water KW - Human health KW - Statistical methods KW - Water quality N1 - Accession Number: 121911675; Gronewold, Andrew D. 1,2; Email Address: drew.gronewold@noaa.gov Sobsey, Mark D. 3 McMahan, Lanakila 4; Affiliation: 1: NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 3: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 4: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, D.C., USA; Source Info: Jun2017, Vol. 587, p102; Subject Term: FECAL microbiology; Subject Term: WATER quality; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: Compartment bag test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drinking water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Statistical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water quality; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.055 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121911675&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dubrocq, Gueorgui AU - Rakhmanina, Natella AU - Phelps, B. T1 - Challenges and Opportunities in the Development of HIV Medications in Pediatric Patients. JO - Pediatric Drugs JF - Pediatric Drugs Y1 - 2017/04// VL - 19 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 91 EP - 98 SN - 11745878 AB - Successful management of pediatric HIV disease requires high therapeutic efficacy and adherence, which can be achieved by providing affordable, easy to store, and palatable antiretrovirals. Current challenges in pediatric antiretroviral drug development include poor palatability, large pill size, limited oral liquid formulations, and few incentives for development by drug manufacturers as the number of children with HIV continues to decline due to successful worldwide preventive interventions and improved access to antiretrovirals. This article summarizes the various challenges and opportunities with current pediatric antiretrovirals, recent and ongoing trials, new formulations, and suggestions that may expedite and provide incentives for the development of suitable pediatric formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Pediatric Drugs is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Treatment KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - PEDIATRICS KW - DRUG formularies KW - DRUGS -- Effectiveness KW - PATIENT compliance KW - THERAPEUTIC use N1 - Accession Number: 121919273; Dubrocq, Gueorgui; Email Address: gdubrocq@childrensnational.org Rakhmanina, Natella Phelps, B. 1; Affiliation: 1: Office of HIV/AIDS , United States Agency for International Development , Washington, DC USA; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p91; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Treatment; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: PEDIATRICS; Subject Term: DRUG formularies; Subject Term: DRUGS -- Effectiveness; Subject Term: PATIENT compliance; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s40272-016-0210-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121919273&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2017-12299-001 AN - 2017-12299-001 AU - Kahabuka, Catherine AU - Plotkin, Marya AU - Christensen, Alice AU - Brown, Charlene AU - Njozi, Mustafa AU - Kisendi, Renatus AU - Maokola, Werner AU - Mlanga, Erick AU - Lemwayi, Ruth AU - Curran, Kelly AU - Wong, Vincent T1 - Addressing the first 90: A highly effective partner notification approach reaches previously undiagnosed sexual partners in tanzania. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2017/03/15/ CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - Plotkin, Marya, Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania N1 - Accession Number: 2017-12299-001. PMID: 28299518 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Kahabuka, Catherine; Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Release Date: 20170320. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Language: English. Major Descriptor: No terms assigned. Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200). Copyright Statement: The Author(s). 2017. AB - To meet UNAIDS’ 90–90–90 treatment goals, effective approaches to HIV testing services (HTSs) are urgently needed. In 2015, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness and feasibility of partner notification for HTS in Tanzania. Men and women newly diagnosed with HIV were enrolled as index clients, listed sexual partners, and given options to notify and link their partners to HTS. Of 653 newly diagnosed individuals, 390 index clients were enrolled, listed 438 sexual partners, of whom 249 (56.8%) were successfully referred. Of 249 partners reaching the facilities, 96% tested for HIV, 148 (61.9%) tested HIV+ (all newly diagnosed), and 104 (70.3%) of partners testing positive were enrolled into HIV care and treatment. Results showed good acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness, as evidenced by high uptake of partner notification among newly diagnosed individuals, over half of listed partners successfully referred, and a very high positivity rate among referred sexual partners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Partner notification KW - HIV testing services KW - Index clients KW - Undiagnosed HIV KW - Tanzania KW - 2017 KW - No terms assigned KW - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s10461-017-1750-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2017-12299-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ORCID: 0000-0002-7861-5369 UR - UR - Vwong@usaid.gov UR - Kelly.curran@jhpiego.org UR - Ruth.lemwayi@jhpiego.org UR - Emlanga@usaid.gov UR - Drwernerm@yahoo.com UR - Kisendik@gmail.com UR - Mustafa.njozi@jhpiego.org UR - Chabrown11@gmail.com UR - Alice.christensen@jhpiego.org UR - Marya.plotkin@jhpiego.org UR - ckahabuka@cskresearch.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Visser, Theodoor AU - Bruxvoort, Katia AU - Maloney, Kathleen AU - Leslie, Toby AU - Barat, Lawrence M. AU - Allan, Richard AU - Ansah, Evelyn K. AU - Anyanti, Jennifer AU - Boulton, Ian AU - Clarke, Siân E. AU - Cohen, Jessica L. AU - Cohen, Justin M. AU - Cutherell, Andrea AU - Dolkart, Caitlin AU - Eves, Katie AU - Fink, Günther AU - Goodman, Catherine AU - Hutchinson, Eleanor AU - Lal, Sham AU - Mbonye, Anthony T1 - Introducing malaria rapid diagnostic tests in private medicine retail outlets: A systematic literature review. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2017/03/02/ VL - 12 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Many patients with malaria-like symptoms seek treatment in private medicine retail outlets (PMR) that distribute malaria medicines but do not traditionally provide diagnostic services, potentially leading to overtreatment with antimalarial drugs. To achieve universal access to prompt parasite-based diagnosis, many malaria-endemic countries are considering scaling up malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in these outlets, an intervention that may require legislative changes and major investments in supporting programs and infrastructures. This review identifies studies that introduced malaria RDTs in PMRs and examines study outcomes and success factors to inform scale up decisions. Methods: Published and unpublished studies that introduced malaria RDTs in PMRs were systematically identified and reviewed. Literature published before November 2016 was searched in six electronic databases, and unpublished studies were identified through personal contacts and stakeholder meetings. Outcomes were extracted from publications or provided by principal investigators. Results: Six published and six unpublished studies were found. Most studies took place in sub-Saharan Africa and were small-scale pilots of RDT introduction in drug shops or pharmacies. None of the studies assessed large-scale implementation in PMRs. RDT uptake varied widely from 8%-100%. Provision of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for patients testing positive ranged from 30%-99%, and was more than 85% in five studies. Of those testing negative, provision of antimalarials varied from 2%-83% and was less than 20% in eight studies. Longer provider training, lower RDT retail prices and frequent supervision appeared to have a positive effect on RDT uptake and provider adherence to test results. Performance of RDTs by PMR vendors was generally good, but disposal of medical waste and referral of patients to public facilities were common challenges. Conclusions: Expanding services of PMRs to include malaria diagnostic services may hold great promise to improve malaria case management and curb overtreatment with antimalarials. However, doing so will require careful planning, investment and additional research to develop and sustain effective training, supervision, waste-management, referral and surveillance programs beyond the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA KW - ROUTINE diagnostic tests KW - DATABASES KW - ARTEMISININ KW - MEDICAL wastes KW - Antibiotics KW - Antimalarials KW - Antimicrobials KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Commerce KW - Drug information KW - Drug screening KW - Drug therapy KW - Drugs KW - Economics KW - Health care KW - Malaria KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial control KW - Microbiology KW - Parasitic diseases KW - Patients KW - Pharmaceutics KW - Pharmacology KW - Research Article KW - Social sciences KW - Tropical diseases KW - Vendors N1 - Accession Number: 121519572; Visser, Theodoor 1; Email Address: tvisser@clintonhealthaccess.org Bruxvoort, Katia 2 Maloney, Kathleen 3 Leslie, Toby 2 Barat, Lawrence M. 4 Allan, Richard 5 Ansah, Evelyn K. 6 Anyanti, Jennifer 7 Boulton, Ian 8 Clarke, Siân E. 9 Cohen, Jessica L. 10 Cohen, Justin M. 1 Cutherell, Andrea 11 Dolkart, Caitlin 1 Eves, Katie 5 Fink, Günther 10 Goodman, Catherine 2 Hutchinson, Eleanor 2 Lal, Sham 9 Mbonye, Anthony 12; Affiliation: 1: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 2: Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 3: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 4: US President’s Malaria Initiative, United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, United States of America 5: Mentor Initiative, West Sussex, United Kingdom 6: Research & Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana 7: Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria 8: TropMed Pharma Consulting, Lower Shiplake, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom 9: Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 10: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America 11: Population Services International, Nairobi, Kenya 12: Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Source Info: 3/2/2017, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: ROUTINE diagnostic tests; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: ARTEMISININ; Subject Term: MEDICAL wastes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antibiotics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antimalarials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antimicrobials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Commerce; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drug information; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drug screening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drug therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drugs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasitic diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Patients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmaceutics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmacology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vendors; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173093 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121519572&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hannah, Lee AU - Donatti, Camila AU - Harvey, Celia AU - Alfaro, Eric AU - Rodriguez, Daniel AU - Bouroncle, Claudia AU - Castellanos, Edwin AU - Diaz, Freddy AU - Fung, Emily AU - Hidalgo, Hugo AU - Imbach, Pablo AU - Läderach, Peter AU - Landrum, Jason AU - Solano, Ana T1 - Regional modeling of climate change impacts on smallholder agriculture and ecosystems in Central America. JO - Climatic Change JF - Climatic Change Y1 - 2017/03// VL - 141 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 29 EP - 45 SN - 01650009 AB - Climate change will have serious repercussions for agriculture, ecosystems, and farmer livelihoods in Central America. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on agriculture and ecosystem services for their livelihoods. There is an urgent need to develop national and local adaptation responses to reduce these impacts, yet evidence from historical climate change is fragmentary. Modeling efforts help bridge this gap. Here, we review the past decade of research on agricultural and ecological climate change impact models for Central America. The results of this review provide insights into the expected impacts of climate change and suggest policy actions that can help minimize these impacts. Modeling indicates future climate-driven changes, often declines, in suitability for Central American crops. Declines in suitability for coffee, a central crop in the regional economy, are noteworthy. Ecosystem models suggest that climate-driven changes are likely at low- and high-elevation montane forest transitions. Modeling of vulnerability suggests that smallholders in many parts of the region have one or more vulnerability factors that put them at risk. Initial adaptation policies can be guided by these existing modeling results. At the same time, improved modeling is being developed that will allow policy action specifically targeted to vulnerable groups, crops, and locations. We suggest that more robust modeling of ecological responses to climate change, improved representation of the region in climate models, and simulation of climate influences on crop yields and diseases (especially coffee leaf rust) are key priorities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Climatic changes KW - Farmers KW - Agriculture -- Environmental aspects KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Agricultural risk assessment N1 - Accession Number: 121469411; Hannah, Lee 1; Email Address: lhannah@conservation.org; Donatti, Camila 1; Harvey, Celia 1; Alfaro, Eric 2; Rodriguez, Daniel 3; Bouroncle, Claudia 4; Castellanos, Edwin 5; Diaz, Freddy 5; Fung, Emily 4; Hidalgo, Hugo 2; Imbach, Pablo 4; Läderach, Peter 6; Landrum, Jason 7; Solano, Ana 5; Affiliations: 1: Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science , Conservation International , Arlington USA; 2: Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics , University of Costa Rica , San Pedro Costa Rica; 3: Earth System Science Center , National Institute for Space Research of Brazil , São Paulo Brazil; 4: Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE) , Turrialba Costa Rica; 5: Centro de Estudios Ambientales y de Biodiversidad , Universidad del Valle de Guatemala , Guatemala City Guatemala; 6: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) , Cali Colombia; 7: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Overseas Fellow serving at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) , Washington USA; Issue Info: Mar2017, Vol. 141 Issue 1, p29; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Farmers; Thesaurus Term: Agriculture -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural pollution; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural risk assessment; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10584-016-1867-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=121469411&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 121277120 T1 - The Relationship Between Acute Malnutrition, Hygiene Practices, Water and Livestock, and Their Program Implications in Eastern Chad. AU - Marshak, Anastasia AU - Young, Helen AU - Bontrager, Elizabeth N. AU - Boyd, Erin M. Y1 - 2017/03// N1 - Accession Number: 121277120. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170218. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Asia; Biomedical. NLM UID: 7906418. SP - 115 EP - 127 JO - Food & Nutrition Bulletin JF - Food & Nutrition Bulletin JA - FOOD NUTR BULL VL - 38 IS - 1 PB - Sage Publications Inc. SN - 0379-5721 AD - Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, Somerville, MA, USA AD - Friedman School of Nutrition, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.1177/0379572116681682 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=121277120&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thwing, Julie AU - Ba, Fatou AU - Diaby, Alou AU - Diedhiou, Younouss AU - Sylla, Assane AU - Sall, Guelaye AU - Diouf, Mame Birame AU - Gueye, Alioune Badara AU - Gaye, Seynabou AU - Ndiop, Medoune AU - Cisse, Moustapha AU - Ndiaye, Daouda AU - Ba, Mady T1 - Assessment of the utility of a symptom-based algorithm for identifying febrile patients for malaria diagnostic testing in Senegal. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2017/03//3/1/2017 VL - 16 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) enable point-of-care testing to be nearly as sensitive and specific as reference microscopy. The Senegal National Malaria Control Programme introduced RDTs in 2007, along with a case management algorithm for uncomplicated febrile illness, in which the first step stipulates that if a febrile patient of any age has symptoms indicative of febrile illness other than malaria (e.g., cough or rash), they would not be tested for malaria, but treated for the apparent illness and receive an RDT for malaria only if they returned in 48 h without improvement. Methods: A year-long study in 16 health posts was conducted to determine the algorithm’s capacity to identify patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection identifiable by RDT. Health post personnel enrolled patients of all ages with fever (≥37.5 °C) or history of fever in the previous 2 days. After clinical assessment, a nurse staffing the health post determined whether a patient should receive an RDT according to the diagnostic algorithm, but performed an RDT for all enrolled patients. Results: Over 1 year, 6039 patients were enrolled and 58% (3483) were determined to require an RDT according to the algorithm. Overall, 23% (1373/6039) had a positive RDT, 34% (1130/3376) during rainy season and 9% (243/2661) during dry season. The first step of the algorithm identified only 78% of patients with a positive RDT, varying by transmission season (rainy 80%, dry 70%), malaria transmission zone (high 75%, low 95%), and age group (under 5 years 68%, 5 years and older 84%). Conclusions: In all but the lowest malaria transmission zone, use of the algorithm excludes an unacceptably large proportion of patients with malaria from receiving an RDT at their first visit, denying them timely diagnosis and treatment. While the algorithm was adopted within a context of malaria control and scarce resources, with the goal of treating patients with symptomatic malaria, Senegal has now adopted a policy of universal diagnosis of patients with fever or history of fever. In addition, in the current context of malaria elimination, the paradigm of case management needs to shift towards the identification and treatment of all patients with malaria infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA KW - ROUTINE diagnostic tests KW - ALGORITHMS KW - MALARIA -- Diagnosis KW - PLASMODIUM falciparum KW - TRANSMISSION KW - Algorithm KW - Case management KW - Diagnosis KW - Fever KW - Malaria KW - Rapid diagnostic test KW - Treatment N1 - Accession Number: 121614556; Thwing, Julie 1; Email Address: fez3@cdc.gov Ba, Fatou 2 Diaby, Alou 3 Diedhiou, Younouss 4 Sylla, Assane 3 Sall, Guelaye 3 Diouf, Mame Birame 5 Gueye, Alioune Badara 2 Gaye, Seynabou 2 Ndiop, Medoune 2 Cisse, Moustapha 2 Ndiaye, Daouda 6 Ba, Mady 2,7; Affiliation: 1: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and President's Malaria Initiative, Atlanta, USA. 2: Senegal National Malaria Control Programme, Dakar, Senegal 3: Pediatrics Service Hôpital le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal 4: Parasitology Service Hôpital le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal 5: United States Agency for International Development, Dakar, Senegal 6: Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal 7: WHO, Dakar, Senegal; Source Info: 3/1/2017, Vol. 16, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: ROUTINE diagnostic tests; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: PLASMODIUM falciparum; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Case management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fever; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rapid diagnostic test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Treatment; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12936-017-1750-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121614556&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boldosser-Boesch, Amy AU - Brun, Michel AU - Carvajal, Liliana AU - Chou, Doris AU - De Bernis, Luc AU - Fogg, Karen AU - Hill, Kathleen AU - Jolivet, Rima AU - Mccallon, Betsy AU - Moran, Allisyn AU - Say, Lale AU - Smith, Jeffrey AU - Stanton, Mary E. AU - Hoope-Bender, Petra Ten AU - Wegner, Mary N. AU - Ten Hoope-Bender, Petra AU - Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality working group T1 - Setting maternal mortality targets for the SDGs. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2017/02/18/ VL - 389 IS - 10070 M3 - letter SP - 696 EP - 697 SN - 00995355 AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article by Nicholas Kassebaum in the 2015 issue, which discusses the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target for maternal mortality ratio, and a response from the author is also included. KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - SUSTAINABLE Development Goals (United Nations) N1 - Accession Number: 121352770; Boldosser-Boesch, Amy 1 Brun, Michel 2 Carvajal, Liliana 3 Chou, Doris 4 De Bernis, Luc 5 Fogg, Karen 6 Hill, Kathleen 7 Jolivet, Rima 8; Email Address: rjolivet@hsph.harvard.edu Mccallon, Betsy 7 Moran, Allisyn 6 Say, Lale 4 Smith, Jeffrey 9 Stanton, Mary E. 6 Hoope-Bender, Petra Ten 2 Wegner, Mary N. 8 Ten Hoope-Bender, Petra 10 Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality working group; Affiliation: 1: FCI Program of Management Sciences for Health, Medford, MA, USA. 2: UN Population Fund (UNFPA), New York City, NY, USA. 3: UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA. 4: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. 5: Independent consultant, Auriolles, France. 6: USAID Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC, USA. 7: White Ribbon Alliance, Washington, DC, USA. 8: Maternal Health Task Force, Women and Health Initiative, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 9: Maternal Child Survival Program, Jhpiego, Washington, DC, USA. 10: UN Population Fund (UNFPA), New York City, NY, USA; Source Info: 2/18/2017, Vol. 389 Issue 10070, p696; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Reviews & Products: SUSTAINABLE Development Goals (United Nations); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: letter L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30337-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121352770&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN ID - 121352770 T1 - Setting maternal mortality targets for the SDGs. AU - Boldosser-Boesch, Amy AU - Brun, Michel AU - Carvajal, Liliana AU - Chou, Doris AU - De Bernis, Luc AU - Fogg, Karen AU - Hill, Kathleen AU - Jolivet, Rima AU - Mccallon, Betsy AU - Moran, Allisyn AU - Say, Lale AU - Smith, Jeffrey AU - Stanton, Mary E. AU - Hoope-Bender, Petra Ten AU - Wegner, Mary N. AU - Ten Hoope-Bender, Petra Y1 - 2017/02/18/ N1 - Accession Number: 121352770. Corporate Author: Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality working group. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170302. Publication Type: letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. SP - 696 EP - 697 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 389 North American Edition IS - 10070 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article by Nicholas Kassebaum in the 2015 issue, which discusses the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target for maternal mortality ratio, and a response from the author is also included. SN - 0099-5355 AD - FCI Program of Management Sciences for Health, Medford, MA, USA. AD - UN Population Fund (UNFPA), New York City, NY, USA. AD - UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA. AD - Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. AD - Independent consultant, Auriolles, France. AD - USAID Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC, USA. AD - White Ribbon Alliance, Washington, DC, USA. AD - Maternal Health Task Force, Women and Health Initiative, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. AD - Maternal Child Survival Program, Jhpiego, Washington, DC, USA. AD - UN Population Fund (UNFPA), New York City, NY, USA U2 - PMID: 28229871. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30337-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=121352770&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mejia, Luis A. AU - Dary, Omar AU - Boukerdenna, Hala T1 - Global regulatory framework for production and marketing of crops biofortified with vitamins and minerals. JO - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Y1 - 2017/02/15/ VL - 1390 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 47 EP - 58 SN - 00778923 AB - Biofortification of crops is being introduced in several countries as a strategy to reduce micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortified products, with increased contents of micronutrients, are currently produced by conventional plant breeding, genetic modification, or nutrient-enhanced fertilization. Corn, rice, wheat, beans, pearl millet, sweet potato, and cassava have been biofortified with increased contents of provitamin A carotenoids, iron, or zinc. However, regulatory considerations are rare or nonexistent. The objective of this paper is to review the regulatory framework for production and marketing of biofortified crops in countries that have adopted this strategy. The information was identified using Internet search engines and websites of health and nutrition organizations and nongovernmental organizations and by consulting scientists and government authorities. Thus far, biofortified products introduced in Latin America, Africa, and Asia have been produced only by conventional breeding. Cultivars using other techniques are still under testing. The production and marketing of these products have been conducted without regulatory framework and under limited government control or regulatory guidance. Nevertheless, some countries have integrated biofortified crops into their nutrition agendas. Although improvements by conventional breeding have not been subject to regulations, when biofortification becomes expanded by including other techniques, an appropriate regulatory framework will be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BIOFORTIFICATION KW - CROPS KW - MARKETING KW - AGRICULTURAL productivity KW - WEB search engines KW - FERTILIZATION of plants KW - agriculture and nutrition KW - biofortified crops KW - micronutrient deficiencies KW - policies and regulations KW - regulatory framework N1 - Accession Number: 121517273; Mejia, Luis A. 1 Dary, Omar 2 Boukerdenna, Hala 3; Affiliation: 1: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois 2: Nutrition Division, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for the International Development 3: Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, Evidence and Programme Guidance, World Health Organization; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 1390 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: BIOFORTIFICATION; Subject Term: CROPS; Subject Term: MARKETING; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Subject Term: WEB search engines; Subject Term: FERTILIZATION of plants; Author-Supplied Keyword: agriculture and nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: biofortified crops; Author-Supplied Keyword: micronutrient deficiencies; Author-Supplied Keyword: policies and regulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: regulatory framework; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561730 Landscaping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/nyas.13275 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121517273&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Viroj Tangcharoensathien AU - Aye Aye Thwin AU - Walaiporn Patcharanarumol T1 - Implementing health insurance for migrants, Thailand. T2 - تطبيق التأمين الصحي للمهاجرين في تايلاند. T2 - Implementación de seguros médicos para los emigrantes, Tailandia. T2 - Mise en œuvre de l'assurance maladie pour les migrants en Thaïlande. T2 - Введение медицинского страхования для мигрантов, Таиланд. T2 - 泰国实施移民医疗保险. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2017/02// VL - 95 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 146 EP - 151 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Problem Undocumented migrant workers are generally ineligible for state social security schemes, and either forego needed health services or pay out of pocket. Approach In 2001, the Thai Ministry of Public Health introduced a policy on migrant health. Migrant health insurance is a voluntary scheme, funded by an annual premium paid by workers. It enables access to health care at public facilities and reduces catastrophic health expenditures for undocumented migrants and their dependants. A range of migrant-friendly services, including trained community health volunteers, was introduced in the community and workplace. In 2014, the government introduced a multisectoral policy on migrants, coordinated across the interior, labour, public health and immigration ministries. Local setting In 2011, around 0.3 million workers, less than 9% of the estimated migrant labour force of 3.5 million, were covered by Thailand's social security scheme. Relevant changes A review of the latest data showed that from April to July 2016, 1 146 979 people (33.7% of the total estimated migrant labourers of 3 400 787) applied, were screened and were enrolled in the migrant health insurance scheme. Health volunteers, recruited from migrant communities and workplaces are appreciated by local communities and are effective in promoting health and increasing uptake of health services by migrants. Lessons learnt The capacity of the health ministry to innovate and manage migrant health insurance was a crucial factor enabling expanded health insurance coverage for undocumented migrants. Continued policy support will be needed to increase recruitment to the insurance scheme and to scale-up migrant-friendly services. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Situación En general, los trabajadores emigrantes indocumentados no suelen ser elegibles para planes de seguridad social nacional, por lo que renuncian a obtener servicios sanitarios necesarios o los pagan de su bolsillo. Enfoque En 2001, el Ministerio de Salud Pública tailandés presentó una política en cuanto a la salud de los emigrantes. Los seguros médicos para emigrantes son un plan voluntario, financiado por una prima anual abonada por los trabajadores. Permite el acceso a atención sanitaria en centros públicos y reduce unos gastos sanitarios catastróficos para emigrantes indocumentados y las personas que dependen de ellos. Se presentó una gama de servicios favorables para emigrantes (incluidos voluntarios sanitarios con formación) en la comunidad y en el lugar de trabajo. En 2014, el gobierno presentó una política multisectorial para los emigrantes, coordinada entre los ministerios del Interior, de Trabajo, de Salud Pública y de Inmigración. Marco regional En 2011, alrededor de 0,3 millones de trabajadores (menos del 9% de la mano de obra emigrante estimada de 3,5 millones) estaban cubiertos por el plan de seguridad social tailandés. Cambios importantes Una revisión de los datos más actualizados mostró que, entre abril y julio de 2016, 1 146 979 personas (el 33,7% del total estimado de trabajadores emigrantes, que suman 3 400 787) solicitaron obtener un seguro médico para emigrantes, fueron examinados e incluidos en el programa. Los voluntarios sanitarios, provenientes de comunidades y lugares de trabajo de emigrantes, son valorados en las comunidades locales y realizan un trabajo eficaz para fomentar la sanidad y aumentar la aceptación de los servicios sanitarios por parte de los emigrantes. Lecciones aprendidas La capacidad del Ministerio de Salud para innovar y gestionar los seguros médicos para emigrantes fue un factor crucial que ha permitido la ampliación de la cobertura de los seguros médicos para emigrantes indocumentados. Será necesario un apoyo político continuo para aumentar la captación al plan de seguros y para ampliar los servicios favorables para emigrantes. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Problème Les travailleurs migrants en situation irrégulière ne peuvent généralement pas bénéficier des régimes nationaux de sécurité sociale et doivent soit renoncer aux services de santé dont ils ont besoin, soit en assumer eux-mêmes les frais. Approche En 2001, le ministère thaïlandais de la Santé publique a mis en place une politique axée sur la santé des migrants. L'assurance maladie des migrants relève d'un régime facultatif, financé par une contribution annuelle payée par les travailleurs. Elle permet d'accéder à des soins de santé dans des établissements publics et réduit les dépenses de santé ruineuses pour les sans-papiers et les personnes à leur charge. Divers services adaptés aux besoins des migrants, comprenant notamment la formation d'agents de santé bénévoles communautaires, ont été mis en place au sein des communautés de migrants et sur les lieux de travail. En 2014, le gouvernement a présenté une politique multisectorielle à l'égard des migrants fondée sur la coordination entre les ministères de l'Intérieur, du Travail, de la Santé publique et de l'Immigration. Environnement local En 2011, environ 0,3 million de travailleurs, soit moins de 9% du nombre de migrants actifs -- estimé à 3,5 millions --, étaient couverts par le régime de sécurité sociale thaïlandais. Changements significatifs Un examen des données les plus récentes a révélé qu'entre avril et juillet 2016, 1 146 979 individus (soit 33,7% du nombre total de travailleurs migrants, estimé à 3 400 787) ont introduit une demande d'inscription, ont été sélectionnés et ont été affiliés au régime d'assurance maladie pour les migrants. Les agents sanitaires bénévoles, recrutés au sein des communautés de migrants et sur les lieux de travail, sont appréciés des communautés locales; ils assurent une promotion efficace de la santé et contribuent à accroître le recours des migrants à des services de santé. Leçons tirées La capacité du ministère de la Santé à innover et à gérer l'assurance maladie pour les migrants s'est révélée un facteur déterminant qui a permis d'étendre la couverture d'assurance maladie pour les sans-papiers. Un soutien continu devra être apporté à la politique pour accroître le nombre d'affiliations au régime d'assurance maladie et développer les services adaptés aux besoins des migrants. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Проблема Незарегистрированные рабочие-мигранты, как правило, не отвечают требованиям для участия в государственных системах социального обеспечения и либо отказываются от получения медицинских услуг, либо оплачивают их за свой счет. Подход В 2001 году Министерство здравоохранения Таиланда внедрило стратегическую программу в отношении здравоохранения мигрантов. Медицинское страхование мигрантов является добровольным и финансируется за счет ежегодных страховых взносов, выплачиваемых трудящимися. Такая система позволяет незарегистрированным мигрантам и их иждивенцам получать медико-санитарную помощь в общественных учреждениях и сократить катастрофические расходы на медицинское обслуживание. В общинах и на местах работы был внедрен спектр услуг, ориентированных на мигрантов, в том числе оказываемых подготовленными общинными медицинскими работниками-добровольцами. В 2014 году правительство внедрило многосекторальную политику по мигрантам, скоординированную с министерствами внутренних дел, труда, здравоохранения и иммиграции. Местные условия В 2011 году около 0,3 млн рабочих, т. е. менее 9% от подсчитанного количества трудящихся-мигрантов в 3,5 млн человек, участвовали в системе социального обеспечения Таиланда. Осуществленные перемены Анализ новейших данных показал, что с апреля по июль 2016 года 1 146 979 человек (33,7% от подсчитанного количества всех мигрантов в 3 400 787 человек) подали заявление на участие, прошли скрининговое обследование и были включены в схему медицинского страхования для мигрантов. Медицинские работники-волонтеры, набранные из общин мигрантов и на местах их работы, высоко ценятся в местных сообществах и эффективно содействуют укреплению здоровья и распространению использования медицинских услуг мигрантами. Выводы Потенциал Министерства здравоохранения совершенствования системы медицинского страхования мигрантов и управления ею стал решающим фактором, позволившим распространить охват медицинского страхования на незарегистрированных мигрантов. Постоянная поддержка политики будет необходима для дальнейшего привлечения кадров в систему страхования и для расширения услуг, ориентированных на мигрантов. (Russian) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - 问题 无证移民劳工一般无资格享受国家社会保障计 划。他们要么放弃必需的医疗服务,要么自付医疗费 用。 方法 2001 年,泰国公共卫生部针对移民医疗问题推出 了一项政策。 移民医疗保险计划遵循自愿原则,通过 工人每年支付的年度保险金筹措资金。 该计划使得无 证移民及其亲属能够在公共机构接受医疗护理,同时 减少灾难性医疗费用。 在社区和工作场所推出了多种 惠及移民的服务,包括经过培训的社区医疗志愿者。 2014 年,政府在内务部、劳工部、公共卫生部和移民 部推出了一项针对移民的多部门协调政策。 当地状况 2011 年,加入泰国社会保障计划的移民劳工 大约为 30 万人。据估计,在 350 万移民劳工中,参保 人数低于 9%。 相关变化 最新的数据显示, 从 2016 年 4 月 到 7 月,1,146,979 人( 据估计, 占移民劳工总 数 3,400,787 的 33.7%)在提交申请后通过筛选参加了 移民医疗保险计划。 从移民社区和工作场所招募的医 疗志愿者在当地社区颇受赞赏,这些志愿者有效地改 善移民健康状况并且促进移民对医疗服务的理解。 经验教训 卫生部创新和管理移民医疗保险的能力是实 现扩大无证移民医疗保险覆盖面的关键因素。 今后还 需要继续提供政策支持,增加保险计划人员招募以及 提升惠及移民的服务。 (Chinese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - المشكلة لا يكون العاملون من المهاجرين غير الموثقين مؤهلين بشكلٍ عام لبرامج التأمين الاجتماعي الحكومية، مما يضطرهم إما للتنازل عن الخدمات الصحية المطلوبة أو تحمل تكلفتها من مالهم الخاص. الأسلوب قامت وزارة الصحة العامة التايلاندية في عام 2001 بطرح سياسة تتعلق بصحة المهاجرين. يعد التأمين الصحي للمهاجرين برنامجًا طوعيًا، يتم تمويله من قبل أقساط التأمين التي يدفعها العاملين سنويًا. ويعمل على تيسير سبل الوصول إلى الرعاية الصحية في المرافق العامة، والحد من النفقات الصحية الضخمة للمهاجرين غير الموثقين وعائلاتهم. وتم تقديم نطاق من الخدمات الرفيقة للمهاجرين، بما في ذلك متطوعين الصحة المجتمعية، في المجتمع ومكان العمل. وفي عام 2014 ، طرحت الحكومة سياسية تغطي قطاعات عدّة بشأن المهاجرين، والتي تم التنسيق بشأنها عبر وزارات الداخلية والعمل والصحة العامة وشؤون المهاجرين. المواقع المحلية في سنة 2011 ، تم تضمين حوالي 0.3 مليون عامل – أي أقل من 9% من القوة العاملة المهاجرة المقدرة ب 3.5 مليون – في برنامج التأمين الاجتماعي بتايلاند. التغيّات ذات الصلة أوضحت مراجعة لأحدث البيانات أنه من نيسان/أبريل وتموز/يوليو 2016 ، قام 1146979 شخص ) %33.8 من إجمالي العاملين المهاجرين المقدرين ب 3400787 ( بالتقديم في التأمين الصحي للمهاجرين، وتم إخضاعهم للفحص وتسجيلهم في برنامج التأمين الصحي للمهاجرين. ويتم تقدير المتطوعين الصحيين المعينين من المجتمعات وأماكن العمل للمهاجرين من قبل المجتمعات المحلية، ولهم تأثير في تعزيز الصحة وزيادة فرص توصيل الخدمات الصحية للمهاجرين. الدروس المستفادة إن قدرة وزارة الصحة على تحسين التأمين الصحي للمهاجرين وإداراته عامل حاسم في تمكين توسيع تغطية التأمين الصحي للمهاجرين غير الموثقين. ويلزم دعم السياسة المستمرة لزيادة التطويع في برنامج التأمين وزيادة الخدمات المناسبة للمهاجرين. (Arabic) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONCEPTUAL structures (Information theory) KW - HEALTH services accessibility KW - HEALTH insurance KW - NOMADS KW - SOCIAL security KW - VOLUNTEERS KW - RESIDENTIAL patterns KW - THAILAND N1 - Accession Number: 121239435; Viroj Tangcharoensathien 1; Email Address: viroj@ihpp.thaigov.net Aye Aye Thwin 2 Walaiporn Patcharanarumol 1; Affiliation: 1: International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Tivanond Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand 2: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, United States of America; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 95 Issue 2, p146; Subject Term: CONCEPTUAL structures (Information theory); Subject Term: HEALTH services accessibility; Subject Term: HEALTH insurance; Subject Term: NOMADS; Subject Term: SOCIAL security; Subject Term: VOLUNTEERS; Subject Term: RESIDENTIAL patterns; Subject Term: THAILAND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524111 Direct individual life, health and medical insurance carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524112 Direct group life, health and medical insurance carriers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.16.179606 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121239435&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 121239435 T1 - Implementing health insurance for migrants, Thailand. AU - Viroj Tangcharoensathien AU - Aye Aye Thwin AU - Walaiporn Patcharanarumol Y1 - 2017/02// N1 - Accession Number: 121239435. Language: English. Entry Date: 20170215. Revision Date: 20170222. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Insurance, Health -- Thailand KW - Transients and Migrants -- Thailand KW - Economic and Social Security KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Thailand KW - Volunteer Workers KW - Conceptual Framework SP - 146 EP - 151 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 95 IS - 2 PB - World Health Organization SN - 0042-9686 AD - International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Tivanond Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand AD - Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, United States of America DO - 10.2471/BLT.16.179606 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=121239435&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ahmad, Aftab AU - Khan, Shahbaz T1 - Water and Energy Scarcity for Agriculture: Is Irrigation Modernization the Answer? JO - Irrigation & Drainage JF - Irrigation & Drainage Y1 - 2017/02// VL - 66 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 34 EP - 44 SN - 15310353 AB - Scarcity, high price and environmental footprints of water and energy resources are well-recognized and wicked issues in irrigated agriculture. Water and energy are principal inputs for agricultural production systems. Efficient use of these resources is vital for the productivity and economic competitiveness of agriculture as well as for environmental sustainability. Modern irrigation application systems are on the one hand highly water efficient, but on the other they require a high energy input. This paper explores the water-energy nexus of irrigation modernization by presenting a case study from a large irrigation area in the Murray-Darling Basin. A dynamic node-link model was developed to model various combinations of irrigation supply systems and irrigation application technologies. Comparison of modelled water savings and additional energy consumed to realize those savings indicates that more water savings (2.98 ML ha−1) can be achieved by conversion to drip irrigation at the expense of an additional 146 kWh ha−1 as compared to furrow irrigation. For a sprinkler system 1.19 ML ha−1 can be saved by expending an additional 353 kWh ha−1. These water savings result in additional GHG emissions of up to 1027 kgCO2-e ha−1. The water and energy use indicators show that pressurized irrigation systems are in fact more efficient and more productive than traditional irrigation approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Résumé La rareté, le prix élevé et l'empreinte écologique des ressources en eau et de l'énergie sont des questions bien connues et pointues de l'agriculture irriguée. L'eau et l'énergie sont des entrées principales pour les systèmes de production agricole. L'utilisation efficace de ces ressources est. vitale pour la productivité et la compétitivité économique de l'agriculture ainsi que pour la durabilité environnementale. Les systèmes d'irrigation modernes permettent d'un côté une très haute efficacité de l'eau, mais d'autre part, ils nécessitent un apport énergétique élevé. Ce document explore le lien eau-énergie de la modernisation de l'irrigation en présentant une étude de cas d'une grande zone d'irrigation dans le bassin de la Murray-Darling. Un modèle dynamique de nœuds et de liens a été développé pour modéliser les diverses combinaisons de systèmes d'approvisionnement d'irrigation et les technologies d'application de l'irrigation. La comparaison des économies d'eau modélisées et de l'énergie supplémentaire consommée pour réaliser ces économies montre que les d'économies d'eau par la conversion en irrigation goutte à goutte sont de 2.98 ML ha−1 pour une dépense énergétique accrue de 146 kWh ha−1 par rapport à l'irrigation à la raie. S′agissant d'aspersion, on peut économiser 1.19 ML ha−1 en dépensant 353 kWh ha−1 supplémentaires. Ces économies d'eau entraînent jusqu'à 1027 kgCO2-e ha−1 d'émissions de GES supplémentaires. Les indicateurs eau et d'énergie montrent que les systèmes d'irrigation sous pression sont en fait plus efficaces et plus productifs que les approches traditionnelles d'irrigation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Irrigation farming KW - Water shortages KW - Energy shortages KW - Irrigation -- Management KW - Agricultural productivity KW - comptabilité des émissions de gaz à effet de serre KW - greenhouse gas emission accounting KW - horticulture KW - irrigation KW - modèle de nœuds et de lien KW - Murrumbidgee KW - nexus eau et énergie KW - node-link model KW - water and energy nexus N1 - Accession Number: 121063163; Ahmad, Aftab 1; Khan, Shahbaz 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Charles Sturt University; 2: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific; Issue Info: Feb2017, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p34; Thesaurus Term: Irrigation farming; Thesaurus Term: Water shortages; Thesaurus Term: Energy shortages; Thesaurus Term: Irrigation -- Management; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: comptabilité des émissions de gaz à effet de serre; Author-Supplied Keyword: greenhouse gas emission accounting; Author-Supplied Keyword: horticulture; Author-Supplied Keyword: irrigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: modèle de nœuds et de lien; Author-Supplied Keyword: Murrumbidgee; Author-Supplied Keyword: nexus eau et énergie; Author-Supplied Keyword: node-link model; Author-Supplied Keyword: water and energy nexus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1002/ird.2021 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=121063163&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lo, Nathan C AU - Addiss, David G AU - Hotez, Peter J AU - King, Charles H AU - Stothard, J Russell AU - Evans, Darin S AU - Colley, Daniel G AU - Lin, William AU - Coulibaly, Jean T AU - Bustinduy, Amaya L AU - Raso, Giovanna AU - Bendavid, Eran AU - Bogoch, Isaac I AU - Fenwick, Alan AU - Savioli, Lorenzo AU - Molyneux, David AU - Utzinger, Jürg AU - Andrews, Jason R T1 - A call to strengthen the global strategy against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: the time is now. JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2017/02// VL - 17 IS - 2 M3 - journal article SP - e64 EP - e69 SN - 14733099 AB - In 2001, the World Health Assembly (WHA) passed the landmark WHA 54.19 resolution for global scale-up of mass administration of anthelmintic drugs for morbidity control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, which affect more than 1·5 billion of the world's poorest people. Since then, more than a decade of research and experience has yielded crucial knowledge on the control and elimination of these helminthiases. However, the global strategy has remained largely unchanged since the original 2001 WHA resolution and associated WHO guidelines on preventive chemotherapy. In this Personal View, we highlight recent advances that, taken together, support a call to revise the global strategy and guidelines for preventive chemotherapy and complementary interventions against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. These advances include the development of guidance that is specific to goals of morbidity control and elimination of transmission. We quantify the result of forgoing this opportunity by computing the yearly disease burden, mortality, and lost economic productivity associated with maintaining the status quo. Without change, we estimate that the population of sub-Saharan Africa will probably lose 2·3 million disability-adjusted life-years and US$3·5 billion of economic productivity every year, which is comparable to recent acute epidemics, including the 2014 Ebola and 2015 Zika epidemics. We propose that the time is now to strengthen the global strategy to address the substantial disease burden of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Lancet Infectious Diseases is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SCHISTOSOMIASIS -- Prevention KW - HELMINTHIASIS KW - PREVENTION KW - ANTHELMINTICS KW - DRUG therapy KW - WORLD Health Assembly KW - THERAPEUTIC use N1 - Accession Number: 120954438; Lo, Nathan C 1,2; Email Address: nathan.lo@stanford.edu Addiss, David G 3 Hotez, Peter J 4,5,6 King, Charles H 7 Stothard, J Russell 8 Evans, Darin S 9 Colley, Daniel G 10 Lin, William 11 Coulibaly, Jean T 12,13,14,15 Bustinduy, Amaya L 16 Raso, Giovanna 14,15 Bendavid, Eran 17,18 Bogoch, Isaac I 19,20 Fenwick, Alan 21 Savioli, Lorenzo 22 Molyneux, David 8 Utzinger, Jürg 14,15 Andrews, Jason R 1; Affiliation: 1: Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA 2: Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA 3: Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA 4: Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 5: Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA 6: James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA 7: Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA 8: Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK 9: United States Agency for International Development, Global Health, Washington, DC, USA 10: Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and the Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 11: Global Public Health, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA 12: Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire 13: Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire 14: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland 15: University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 16: Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK 17: Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 18: Center for Health Policy and the Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 19: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 20: Division of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada 21: Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, London, UK 22: Global Schistosomiasis Alliance, Chavannes de Bogis, Switzerland; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 17 Issue 2, pe64; Subject Term: SCHISTOSOMIASIS -- Prevention; Subject Term: HELMINTHIASIS; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: ANTHELMINTICS; Subject Term: DRUG therapy; Subject Term: WORLD Health Assembly; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30535-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120954438&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 120954438 T1 - A call to strengthen the global strategy against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: the time is now. AU - Lo, Nathan C AU - Addiss, David G AU - Hotez, Peter J AU - King, Charles H AU - Stothard, J Russell AU - Evans, Darin S AU - Colley, Daniel G AU - Lin, William AU - Coulibaly, Jean T AU - Bustinduy, Amaya L AU - Raso, Giovanna AU - Bendavid, Eran AU - Bogoch, Isaac I AU - Fenwick, Alan AU - Savioli, Lorenzo AU - Molyneux, David AU - Utzinger, Jürg AU - Andrews, Jason R Y1 - 2017/02// N1 - Accession Number: 120954438. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170208. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Grant Information: T32 GM007365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 101130150. SP - e64 EP - e69 JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases JA - LANCET INFECT DIS VL - 17 IS - 2 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science AB - In 2001, the World Health Assembly (WHA) passed the landmark WHA 54.19 resolution for global scale-up of mass administration of anthelmintic drugs for morbidity control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, which affect more than 1·5 billion of the world's poorest people. Since then, more than a decade of research and experience has yielded crucial knowledge on the control and elimination of these helminthiases. However, the global strategy has remained largely unchanged since the original 2001 WHA resolution and associated WHO guidelines on preventive chemotherapy. In this Personal View, we highlight recent advances that, taken together, support a call to revise the global strategy and guidelines for preventive chemotherapy and complementary interventions against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. These advances include the development of guidance that is specific to goals of morbidity control and elimination of transmission. We quantify the result of forgoing this opportunity by computing the yearly disease burden, mortality, and lost economic productivity associated with maintaining the status quo. Without change, we estimate that the population of sub-Saharan Africa will probably lose 2·3 million disability-adjusted life-years and US$3·5 billion of economic productivity every year, which is comparable to recent acute epidemics, including the 2014 Ebola and 2015 Zika epidemics. We propose that the time is now to strengthen the global strategy to address the substantial disease burden of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. SN - 1473-3099 AD - Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA AD - Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA AD - Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA AD - Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA AD - Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA AD - James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA AD - Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA AD - Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK AD - United States Agency for International Development, Global Health, Washington, DC, USA AD - Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and the Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA AD - Global Public Health, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA AD - Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire AD - Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire AD - Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland AD - University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland AD - Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK AD - Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA AD - Center for Health Policy and the Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA AD - Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada AD - Division of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada AD - Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, London, UK AD - Global Schistosomiasis Alliance, Chavannes de Bogis, Switzerland U2 - PMID: 27914852. DO - 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30535-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=120954438&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brady, Molly A. AU - Stelmach, Rachel AU - Davide-Smith, Margaret AU - Johnson, Jim AU - Pou, Bolivar AU - Koroma, Joseph AU - Frimpong, Kingsley AU - Weaver, Angela T1 - Costs of Transmission Assessment Surveys to Provide Evidence for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis. JO - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases JF - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Y1 - 2017/02//2/1/2017 VL - 11 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19352727 AB - Background: To reach the global goal of elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem by 2020, national programs will have to implement a series of transmission assessment surveys (TAS) to determine prevalence of the disease by evaluation unit. It is expected that 4,671 surveys will be required by 2020. Planning in advance for the costs associated with these surveys is essential to ensure that the required resources are available for this essential program activity. Methodology and Findings: Retrospective cost data was collected from reports from 13 countries which implemented a total of 105 TAS surveys following a standardized World Health Organization (WHO) protocol between 2012 and 2014. The median cost per survey was $21,170 (including the costs for rapid diagnostic tests [RDTs]) and $9,540 excluding those costs. Median cost per cluster sampled (without RDT costs) was $101. Analysis of costs (excluding RDTs) by category showed that the main cost drivers were personnel and travel. Conclusion: Transmission assessment surveys are critical to collect evidence to validate elimination of LF as a public health problem. National programs and donors can use the costing results to adequately plan and forecast the resources required to undertake the necessary activities to conduct high-quality transmission assessment surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PARASITIC diseases KW - FILARIASIS KW - TROPICAL medicine KW - LYMPHATIC diseases KW - SURVEYS KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission KW - Africa KW - Asia KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Budgets KW - Economics KW - Filariasis KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Geographical locations KW - Global health KW - Helminth infections KW - Lymphatic filariasis KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Neglected tropical diseases KW - Parasitic diseases KW - People and places KW - Population biology KW - Population density KW - Population metrics KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research Article KW - Social sciences KW - Tropical diseases N1 - Accession Number: 121055112; Brady, Molly A. 1; Email Address: mbrady@rti.org Stelmach, Rachel 1 Davide-Smith, Margaret 1 Johnson, Jim 2 Pou, Bolivar 2 Koroma, Joseph 2 Frimpong, Kingsley 3 Weaver, Angela 4; Affiliation: 1: Global Health Department, RTI International, Washington, DC, United States of America 2: Global Health, Population, and Nutrition (GHPN) Department, FHI360, Washington DC, United States of America 3: Emerging Markets, Deloitte Consulting, Accra, Ghana 4: Neglected Tropical Disease Program, United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, United States of America; Source Info: 2/1/2017, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PARASITIC diseases; Subject Term: FILARIASIS; Subject Term: TROPICAL medicine; Subject Term: LYMPHATIC diseases; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Budgets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Filariasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Financial management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helminth infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lymphatic filariasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neglected tropical diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasitic diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population metrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005097 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121055112&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Awad, Susanne F. AU - Sgaier, Sema K. AU - Lau, Fiona K. AU - Mohamoud, Yousra A. AU - Tambatamba, Bushimbwa C. AU - Kripke, Katharine E. AU - Thomas, Anne G. AU - Bock, Naomi AU - Reed, Jason B. AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Abu-Raddad, Laith J. T1 - Could Circumcision of HIV-Positive Males Benefit Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Programs in Africa? Mathematical Modeling Analysis. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2017/01/24/ VL - 12 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: The epidemiological and programmatic implications of inclusivity of HIV-positive males in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs are uncertain. We modeled these implications using Zambia as an illustrative example. Methods and Findings: We used the Age-Structured Mathematical (ASM) model to evaluate, over an intermediate horizon (2010–2025), the effectiveness (number of VMMCs needed to avert one HIV infection) of VMMC scale-up scenarios with varying proportions of HIV-positive males. The model was calibrated by fitting to HIV prevalence time trend data from 1990 to 2014. We assumed that inclusivity of HIV positive males may benefit VMMC programs by increasing VMMC uptake among higher risk males, or by circumcision reducing HIV male-to-female transmission risk. All analyses were generated assuming no further antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up. The number of VMMCs needed to avert one HIV infection was projected to increase from 12.2 VMMCs per HIV infection averted, in a program that circumcises only HIV-negative males, to 14.0, in a program that includes HIV-positive males. The proportion of HIV-positive males was based on their representation in the population (e.g. 12.6% of those circumcised in 2010 would be HIV-positive based on HIV prevalence among males of 12.6% in 2010). However, if a program that only reaches out to HIV-negative males is associated with 20% lower uptake among higher-risk males, the effectiveness would be 13.2 VMMCs per infection averted. If improved inclusivity of HIV-positive males is associated with 20% higher uptake among higher-risk males, the effectiveness would be 12.4. As the assumed VMMC efficacy against male-to-female HIV transmission was increased from 0% to 20% and 46%, the effectiveness of circumcising regardless of HIV status improved from 14.0 to 11.5 and 9.1, respectively. The reduction in the HIV incidence rate among females increased accordingly, from 24.7% to 34.8% and 50.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Improving inclusivity of males in VMMC programs regardless of HIV status increases VMMC effectiveness, if there is moderate increase in VMMC uptake among higher-risk males and/or if there is moderate efficacy for VMMC against male-to-female transmission. In these circumstances, VMMC programs can reduce the HIV incidence rate in males by nearly as much as expected by some ART programs, and additionally, females can benefit from the intervention nearly as much as males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV-positive men KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - MATHEMATICAL models KW - AFRICA KW - Africa KW - Antiretroviral therapy KW - Antiviral therapy KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Epidemiology KW - Geographical locations KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV infections KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Immunology KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Mathematical and statistical techniques KW - Mathematical models KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Vaccination and immunization KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses KW - Zambia N1 - Accession Number: 120932611; Awad, Susanne F. 1 Sgaier, Sema K. 2,3,4 Lau, Fiona K. 2 Mohamoud, Yousra A. 1 Tambatamba, Bushimbwa C. 5 Kripke, Katharine E. 6 Thomas, Anne G. 7 Bock, Naomi 8 Reed, Jason B. 9 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 10 Abu-Raddad, Laith J. 1,11,12; Email Address: lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu; Affiliation: 1: Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar 2: Surgo Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 3: Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 4: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 5: Ministry of Community Development and Mother and Child Health, Lusaka, Zambia 6: Health Policy Initiative, Avenir Health, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 7: Naval Health Research Center, U.S. Department of Defense, San Diego, California, United States of America 8: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America 9: Jhpiego, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 10: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 11: Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America 12: College of Public Health, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Source Info: 1/24/2017, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HIV-positive men; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: AFRICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical and statistical techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccination and immunization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zambia; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170641 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120932611&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Serbanescu, Florina AU - Goldberg, Howard I. AU - Danel, Isabella AU - Wuhib, Tadesse AU - Marum, Lawrence AU - Obiero, Walter AU - McAuley, James AU - Aceng, Jane AU - Chomba, Ewlyn AU - Stupp, Paul W. AU - Morrissey Conlon, Claudia T1 - Rapid reduction of maternal mortality in Uganda and Zambia through the saving mothers, giving life initiative: results of year 1 evaluation. JO - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JF - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Y1 - 2017/01/19/ VL - 17 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 SN - 14712393 AB - Background: Achieving maternal mortality reduction as a development goal remains a major challenge in most low-resource countries. Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) is a multi-partner initiative designed to reduce maternal mortality rapidly in high mortality settings through community and facility evidence-based interventions and district-wide health systems strengthening that could reduce delays to appropriate obstetric care.Methods: An evaluation employing multiple studies and data collection methods was used to compare baseline maternal outcomes to those during Year 1 in SMGL pilot districts in Uganda and Zambia. Studies include health facility assessments, pregnancy outcome monitoring, enhanced maternal mortality detection in facilities, and population-based investigation of community maternal deaths. Population-based evaluation used standard approaches and comparable indicators to measure outcome and impact, and to allow comparison of the SMGL implementation in unique country contexts.Results: The evaluation found a 30% reduction in the population-based maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Uganda during Year 1, from 452 to 316 per 100,000 live births. The MMR in health facilities declined by 35% in each country (from 534 to 345 in Uganda and from 310 to 202 in Zambia). The institutional delivery rate increased by 62% in Uganda and 35% in Zambia. The number of facilities providing emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) rose from 10 to 25 in Uganda and from 7 to 11 in Zambia. Partial EmONC care became available in many more low and mid-level facilities. Cesarean section rates for all births increased by 23% in Uganda and 15% in Zambia. The proportion of women with childbirth complications delivered in EmONC facilities rose by 25% in Uganda and 23% in Zambia. Facility case fatality rates fell from 2.6 to 2.0% in Uganda and 3.1 to 2.0% in Zambia.Conclusions: Maternal mortality ratios fell significantly in one year in Uganda and Zambia following the introduction of the SMGL model. This model employed a comprehensive district system strengthening approach. The lessons learned from SMGL can inform policymakers and program managers in other low and middle income settings where similar approaches could be utilized to rapidly reduce preventable maternal deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - OBSTETRICAL emergencies KW - CESAREAN section KW - CHILDBIRTH KW - Emergency obstetric care KW - Low-resource countries KW - Maternal mortality KW - Pregnancy complications KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - Verbal autopsy N1 - Accession Number: 120933160; Serbanescu, Florina 1,2,3; Email Address: fserbanescu@cdc.gov Goldberg, Howard I. 1 Danel, Isabella 1 Wuhib, Tadesse 2,4 Marum, Lawrence 2,5 Obiero, Walter 2,4 McAuley, James 2,5 Aceng, Jane 6 Chomba, Ewlyn 7 Stupp, Paul W. 1,2 Morrissey Conlon, Claudia 2,8; Affiliation: 1: Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA 2: Saving Mothers Giving Life Research Group, Atlanta, USA 3: Field Support Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA 4: Uganda Country Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Uganda 5: Ministry of Health, Zambia Country Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 351 Independence Avenue, Lusaka, Zambia10101 6: Uganda Ministry of Health, 6 Lourdel Road, Wandegeya, Kampala, Uganda 7: Zambia Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, Haile Selassie Avenue, Lusaka, Zambia 8: United States Agency for International Development, 2100 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, USA; Source Info: 1/19/2017, Vol. 17, p1; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: OBSTETRICAL emergencies; Subject Term: CESAREAN section; Subject Term: CHILDBIRTH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emergency obstetric care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-resource countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pregnancy complications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-Saharan Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Verbal autopsy; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12884-017-1222-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120933160&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 120933160 T1 - Rapid reduction of maternal mortality in Uganda and Zambia through the saving mothers, giving life initiative: results of year 1 evaluation. AU - Serbanescu, Florina AU - Goldberg, Howard I. AU - Danel, Isabella AU - Wuhib, Tadesse AU - Marum, Lawrence AU - Obiero, Walter AU - McAuley, James AU - Aceng, Jane AU - Chomba, Ewlyn AU - Stupp, Paul W. AU - Morrissey Conlon, Claudia Y1 - 2017/01/19/ N1 - Accession Number: 120933160. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170127. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100967799. SP - 1 EP - 14 JO - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JF - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JA - BMC PREGNANCY CHILDBIRTH VL - 17 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Achieving maternal mortality reduction as a development goal remains a major challenge in most low-resource countries. Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) is a multi-partner initiative designed to reduce maternal mortality rapidly in high mortality settings through community and facility evidence-based interventions and district-wide health systems strengthening that could reduce delays to appropriate obstetric care.Methods: An evaluation employing multiple studies and data collection methods was used to compare baseline maternal outcomes to those during Year 1 in SMGL pilot districts in Uganda and Zambia. Studies include health facility assessments, pregnancy outcome monitoring, enhanced maternal mortality detection in facilities, and population-based investigation of community maternal deaths. Population-based evaluation used standard approaches and comparable indicators to measure outcome and impact, and to allow comparison of the SMGL implementation in unique country contexts.Results: The evaluation found a 30% reduction in the population-based maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Uganda during Year 1, from 452 to 316 per 100,000 live births. The MMR in health facilities declined by 35% in each country (from 534 to 345 in Uganda and from 310 to 202 in Zambia). The institutional delivery rate increased by 62% in Uganda and 35% in Zambia. The number of facilities providing emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) rose from 10 to 25 in Uganda and from 7 to 11 in Zambia. Partial EmONC care became available in many more low and mid-level facilities. Cesarean section rates for all births increased by 23% in Uganda and 15% in Zambia. The proportion of women with childbirth complications delivered in EmONC facilities rose by 25% in Uganda and 23% in Zambia. Facility case fatality rates fell from 2.6 to 2.0% in Uganda and 3.1 to 2.0% in Zambia.Conclusions: Maternal mortality ratios fell significantly in one year in Uganda and Zambia following the introduction of the SMGL model. This model employed a comprehensive district system strengthening approach. The lessons learned from SMGL can inform policymakers and program managers in other low and middle income settings where similar approaches could be utilized to rapidly reduce preventable maternal deaths. SN - 1471-2393 AD - Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA AD - Saving Mothers Giving Life Research Group, Atlanta, USA AD - Field Support Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA AD - Uganda Country Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Uganda AD - Ministry of Health, Zambia Country Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 351 Independence Avenue, Lusaka, Zambia10101 AD - Uganda Ministry of Health, 6 Lourdel Road, Wandegeya, Kampala, Uganda AD - Zambia Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, Haile Selassie Avenue, Lusaka, Zambia AD - United States Agency for International Development, 2100 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, USA U2 - PMID: 28103836. DO - 10.1186/s12884-017-1222-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=120933160&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Molla, Yordanos B. AU - Rawlins, Barbara AU - Makanga, Prestige Tatenda AU - Cunningham, Marc AU - Hernández Ávila, Juan Eugenio AU - Ruktanonchai, Corrine Warren AU - Singh, Kavita AU - Alford, Sylvia AU - Thompson, Mira AU - Dwivedi, Vikas AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Matthews, Zoe AU - Ávila, Juan Eugenio Hernández T1 - Geographic information system for improving maternal and newborn health: recommendations for policy and programs. JO - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JF - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Y1 - 2017/01/11/ VL - 17 M3 - journal article SP - 1 EP - 7 SN - 14712393 AB - This correspondence argues and offers recommendations for how Geographic Information System (GIS) applied to maternal and newborn health data could potentially be used as part of the broader efforts for ending preventable maternal and newborn mortality. These recommendations were generated from a technical consultation on reporting and mapping maternal deaths that was held in Washington, DC from January 12 to 13, 2015 and hosted by the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) global Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP). Approximately 72 participants from over 25 global health organizations, government agencies, donors, universities, and other groups participated in the meeting.The meeting placed emphases on how improved use of mapping could contribute to the post-2015 United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), agenda in general and to contribute to better maternal and neonatal health outcomes in particular. Researchers and policy makers have been calling for more equitable improvement in Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH), specifically addressing hard-to-reach populations at sub-national levels. Data visualization using mapping and geospatial analyses play a significant role in addressing the emerging need for improved spatial investigation at subnational scale. This correspondence identifies key challenges and recommendations so GIS may be better applied to maternal health programs in resource poor settings. The challenges and recommendations are broadly grouped into three categories: ancillary geospatial and MNH data sources, technical and human resources needs and community participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PREGNANT women -- Health KW - GEOGRAPHIC information systems KW - OUTCOME assessment (Medical care) KW - NEONATAL mortality KW - GIS KW - Mapping KW - Maternal KW - Mortality KW - Newborn KW - SUSTAINABLE Development Goals (United Nations) N1 - Accession Number: 120677286; Molla, Yordanos B. 1,2; Email Address: ymolla@savechildren.org Rawlins, Barbara 3 Makanga, Prestige Tatenda 4,5 Cunningham, Marc 6 Hernández Ávila, Juan Eugenio 7 Ruktanonchai, Corrine Warren 8 Singh, Kavita 9,10 Alford, Sylvia 11 Thompson, Mira 3 Dwivedi, Vikas 12 Moran, Allisyn C. 11 Matthews, Zoe 13 Ávila, Juan Eugenio Hernández 7; Affiliation: 1: USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Save the Children, Washington, DC, USA 2: USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Save the Children, 14136 Grand Pre Rd #34, Silver Spring, MD Zip: 20906, USA 3: USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Jhpiego, Washington, DC, USA 4: Geography Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada 5: Department of Surveying and Geomatics, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe 6: MEASURE Evaluation/John Snow Inc, Rosslyn, VA, USA 7: National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico 8: Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 9: MEASURE Evaluation/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 10: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 11: Global Health Fellows Program II, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA 12: USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/John Snow Inc, Washington, DC, USA 13: Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Source Info: 1/11/2017, Vol. 17, p1; Subject Term: PREGNANT women -- Health; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: OUTCOME assessment (Medical care); Subject Term: NEONATAL mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: GIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Newborn; Reviews & Products: SUSTAINABLE Development Goals (United Nations); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s12884-016-1199-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120677286&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 120677286 T1 - Geographic information system for improving maternal and newborn health: recommendations for policy and programs. AU - Molla, Yordanos B. AU - Rawlins, Barbara AU - Makanga, Prestige Tatenda AU - Cunningham, Marc AU - Hernández Ávila, Juan Eugenio AU - Ruktanonchai, Corrine Warren AU - Singh, Kavita AU - Alford, Sylvia AU - Thompson, Mira AU - Dwivedi, Vikas AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Matthews, Zoe AU - Ávila, Juan Eugenio Hernández Y1 - 2017/01/11/ N1 - Accession Number: 120677286. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170122. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100967799. SP - 1 EP - 7 JO - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JF - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JA - BMC PREGNANCY CHILDBIRTH VL - 17 PB - BioMed Central AB - This correspondence argues and offers recommendations for how Geographic Information System (GIS) applied to maternal and newborn health data could potentially be used as part of the broader efforts for ending preventable maternal and newborn mortality. These recommendations were generated from a technical consultation on reporting and mapping maternal deaths that was held in Washington, DC from January 12 to 13, 2015 and hosted by the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) global Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP). Approximately 72 participants from over 25 global health organizations, government agencies, donors, universities, and other groups participated in the meeting.The meeting placed emphases on how improved use of mapping could contribute to the post-2015 United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), agenda in general and to contribute to better maternal and neonatal health outcomes in particular. Researchers and policy makers have been calling for more equitable improvement in Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH), specifically addressing hard-to-reach populations at sub-national levels. Data visualization using mapping and geospatial analyses play a significant role in addressing the emerging need for improved spatial investigation at subnational scale. This correspondence identifies key challenges and recommendations so GIS may be better applied to maternal health programs in resource poor settings. The challenges and recommendations are broadly grouped into three categories: ancillary geospatial and MNH data sources, technical and human resources needs and community participation. SN - 1471-2393 AD - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Save the Children, Washington, DC, USA AD - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Save the Children, 14136 Grand Pre Rd #34, Silver Spring, MD Zip: 20906, USA AD - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Jhpiego, Washington, DC, USA AD - Geography Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada AD - Department of Surveying and Geomatics, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe AD - MEASURE Evaluation/John Snow Inc, Rosslyn, VA, USA AD - National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico AD - Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK AD - MEASURE Evaluation/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA AD - Global Health Fellows Program II, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA AD - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/John Snow Inc, Washington, DC, USA AD - Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK U2 - PMID: 28077095. DO - 10.1186/s12884-016-1199-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=120677286&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Flynn, David E. AU - Johnson, Cheryl AU - Sands, Anita AU - Vincent Wong AU - Carmen Figueroa AU - Baggaley, Rachel T1 - Can trained lay providers perform HIV testing services? A review of national HIV testing policies. JO - BMC Research Notes JF - BMC Research Notes Y1 - 2017/01/04/ VL - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 SN - 17560500 AB - Background: Only an estimated 54% of people living with HIV are aware of their status. Despite progress scaling up HIV testing services (HTS), a testing gap remains. Delivery of HTS by lay providers may help close this testing gap, while also increasing uptake and acceptability of HIV testing among key populations and other priority groups. Methods: 50 National HIV testing policies were collated from WHO country intelligence databases, contacts and testing program websites. Data regarding lay provider use for HTS was extracted and collated. Our search had no geographical or language restrictions. This data was then compared with reported data from the Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting (GARPR) from July 2015. Results: Forty-two percent of countries permit lay providers to perform HIV testing and 56% permit lay providers to administer pre-and post-test counseling. Comparative analysis with GARPR found that less than half (46%) of reported data from countries were consistent with their corresponding national HIV testing policy. Conclusions: Given the low uptake of lay provider use globally and their proven use in increasing HIV testing, countries should consider revising policies to support lay provider testing using rapid diagnostic tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Research Notes is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Diagnosis KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - COMPARATIVE studies KW - ROUTINE diagnostic tests KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - Community health workers KW - HIV policy KW - HIV testing KW - Lay providers N1 - Accession Number: 120611489; Flynn, David E. 1,2; Email Address: deflynn75@gmail.com Johnson, Cheryl 3 Sands, Anita 4 Vincent Wong 5 Carmen Figueroa 3 Baggaley, Rachel 3; Affiliation: 1: Griffith University School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia 2: 8 Bellevue St, Chatswood West, NSW 2067, Australia 3: HIV Department, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland 4: Essential Medicines and Health Products, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland 5: Global Health Bureau: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 1/4/2017, Vol. 10, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: ROUTINE diagnostic tests; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community health workers; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lay providers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Maps; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13104-016-2339-1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120611489&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Babalola, Stella AU - Van Lith, Lynn M. AU - Mallalieu, Elizabeth C. AU - Packman, Zoe R. AU - Myers, Emily AU - Ahanda, Kim Seifert AU - Harris, Emily AU - Gurman, Tilly AU - Figueroa, Maria-Elena T1 - A Framework for Health Communication Across the HIV Treatment Continuum. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2017/01/02/2017 Supplement VL - 74 M3 - Article SP - S5 EP - S14 SN - 15254135 AB - Background: As test and treat rolls out, effective interventions are needed to address the determinants of outcomes across the HIV treatment continuum and ensure that people infected with HIV are promptly tested, initiate treatment early, adhere to treatment, and are virally suppressed. Communication approaches offer viable options for promoting relevant behaviors across the continuum. Conceptual Framework: This article introduces a conceptual framework, which can guide the development of effective health communication interventions and activities that aim to impact behaviors across the HIV treatment continuum in low- and medium-income countries. The framework includes HIV testing and counseling, linkage to care, retention in pre-antiretroviral therapy and antiretroviral therapy initiation in one single-stage linkage to care and treatment, and adherence for viral suppression. The determinants of behaviors vary across the continuum and include both facilitators and barriers with communication interventions designed to focus on specific determinants presented in the model. At each stage, relevant determinants occur at the various levels of the social-ecological model: intrapersonal, interpersonal, health services, community, and policy. Effective health communication interventions have mainly relied on mHealth, interpersonal communication through service providers and peers, community support groups, and treatment supporters. Discussion: The conceptual framework and evidence presented highlight areas across the continuum where health communication can significantly impact treatment outcomes to reach the 90-90-90 goals by strategically addressing key behavioral determinants. As test and treat rolls out, multifaceted health communication approaches will be critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - determinants KW - health communication KW - HIV KW - interventions KW - treatment continuum N1 - Accession Number: 120451857; Babalola, Stella 1; Email Address: stellababalola@jhu.edu Van Lith, Lynn M. 2 Mallalieu, Elizabeth C. 2 Packman, Zoe R. 1 Myers, Emily 2 Ahanda, Kim Seifert 2 Harris, Emily 2 Gurman, Tilly 2 Figueroa, Maria-Elena 2; Affiliation: 1: Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; Source Info: 2017 Supplement, Vol. 74, pS5; Author-Supplied Keyword: determinants; Author-Supplied Keyword: health communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: interventions; Author-Supplied Keyword: treatment continuum; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120451857&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lyons, Carrie E. AU - Ketende, Sosthenes AU - Diouf, Daouda AU - Drame, Fatou M. AU - Liestman, Benjamin AU - Coly, Karleen AU - Ndour, Cheikh AU - Turpin, Gnilane AU - Diop, Karim AU - Toure-Kane, Coumba AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Leye-Diouf, Nafissatou AU - Baral, Stefan T1 - Potential Impact of Integrated Stigma Mitigation Interventions in Improving HIV/AIDS Service Delivery and Uptake for Key Populations in Senegal. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2017/01/02/2017 Supplement VL - 74 M3 - Article SP - S52 EP - S59 SN - 15254135 AB - Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) are consistently shown to have a higher burden of HIV compared with other adults in Senegal. This study, HIV Prevention 2.0, evaluates the impact of the 3-tiered integrated stigma mitigation interventions (ISMIs) approach to optimizing HIV service delivery for key populations in Senegal. Methods: Baseline assessment includes a questionnaire and biological testing for HIV. A proportion of participants enrolled into a 24-month longitudinal cohort with questionnaires and biological testing every 3 months. In these preliminary analyses, ISMIs are evaluated from participants in the cohort through uptake of HIV services and implementation outcomes. Results: Overall, 724 MSM and 758 FSW participated in the baseline assessment. HIV prevalence is 30.2% (n = 219/724) among MSM and 5.3% (n = 40/758) among FSW. Fear of seeking health services among MSM is 17.7% (n = 128/724) at baseline, 10.5% (n = 18/172) at month 3, and 9.8% (n = 10/102) at month 6 (P , 0.004); and among FSW is 21.9% (n = 166/758) at baseline, 8.1% (n = 15/185) at month 3, and 10.7% (n = 18/168) at month 6 (P > 0.001). Overall, 63.9% (n = 62/97) of MSM and 82.5% (n = 118/143) of FSW agreed that the intervention is effective in addressing stigma; however, loss to follow-up was 41.1% among MSM and 10% among FSW. Conclusion: Baseline data reinforce the need for stigma mitigation interventions, combined with enhanced linkage and retention to optimize HIV treatment. Preliminary results show high levels of HIVrelated risk determinants and suggest the potential utility of the ISMI to decrease perceived stigma relating to engagement in HIV prevention, treatment, and care services among key populations in Senegal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV KW - interventions KW - key populations KW - Senegal KW - stigma N1 - Accession Number: 120451863; Lyons, Carrie E. 1; Email Address: clyons8@jhu.edu Ketende, Sosthenes 1 Diouf, Daouda 2 Drame, Fatou M. 1,3 Liestman, Benjamin 1 Coly, Karleen 1 Ndour, Cheikh 4 Turpin, Gnilane 1 Diop, Karim 5 Toure-Kane, Coumba 6 Castor, Delivette 6 Leye-Diouf, Nafissatou 4 Baral, Stefan 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Epidemiology, Key Populations Program, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 2: Enda Sante, Dakar, Senegal 3: Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal 4: Division de La Lutte Contre Le Sida et Les IST, Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal 5: Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidemiologique et de Formations, Dakar, Senegal 6: USAID, Office of HIV/AIDS, Bureau for Global Health, Arlington, VA; Source Info: 2017 Supplement, Vol. 74, pS52; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: interventions; Author-Supplied Keyword: key populations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Senegal; Author-Supplied Keyword: stigma; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120451863&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 120570156 T1 - Stigma, Facility Constraints, and Personal Disbelief: Why Women Disengage from HIV Care During and After Pregnancy in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. AU - McMahon, Shannon AU - Kennedy, Caitlin AU - Winch, Peter AU - Kombe, Miriam AU - Killewo, Japhet AU - Kilewo, Charles Y1 - 2017/01// N1 - Accession Number: 120570156. Language: English. Entry Date: 20170119. Revision Date: 20170119. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9712133. KW - Disease Transmission, Vertical -- Prevention and Control KW - HIV Infections -- Drug Therapy -- In Pregnancy KW - Treatment Refusal -- Psychosocial Factors -- Tanzania KW - Stigma KW - Anti-Retroviral Agents -- Therapeutic Use KW - Health Beliefs KW - Pregnancy KW - Female KW - Human KW - Grounded Theory KW - Qualitative Studies KW - Interviews KW - Tanzania SP - 317 EP - 329 JO - AIDS & Behavior JF - AIDS & Behavior JA - AIDS BEHAV VL - 21 IS - 1 CY - , PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1090-7165 AD - Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , 615 North Wolfe Street Baltimore USA AD - Maternal & Child Health, Health Office , United States Agency for International Development (USAID) , Dar es Salaam Tanzania AD - Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences , Dar es Salaam Tanzania DO - 10.1007/s10461-016-1505-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=120570156&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alan Dressler AU - Daniel D. Kelson AU - Louis E. Abramson AU - Michael D. Gladders AU - Augustus Oemler Jr. AU - Bianca M. Poggianti AU - John S. Mulchaey AU - Benedetta Vulcani AU - Stephen A. Shectman AU - Rik J. Williams AU - Patrick J. Mccarthy T1 - DEMONSTRATING DIVERSITY IN STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES WITH THE CSI SURVEY. JO - Astrophysical Journal JF - Astrophysical Journal Y1 - 2016/12/20/ VL - 833 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 1 SN - 0004637X AB - We present coarse but robust star-formation histories (SFHs) derived from spectrophotometric data of the Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey, for 22,494 galaxies at with stellar masses of 109M⊙ to 1012M⊙. Our study moves beyond “average” SFHs and distribution functions of specific star-formation rates (sSFRs) to individually measured SFHs for tens of thousands of galaxies. By comparing star-formation rates (SFRs) with timescales of , and 108 years, we find a wide diversity of SFHs: “old galaxies” that formed most or all of their stars early, galaxies that formed stars with declining or constant SFRs over a Hubble time, and genuinely “young galaxies” that formed most of their stars since z = 1. This sequence is one of decreasing stellar mass, but remarkably, each type is found over a mass range of a factor of 10. Conversely, galaxies at any given mass follow a wide range of SFHs, leading us to conclude that (1) halo mass does not uniquely determine SFHs, (2) there is no “typical” evolutionary track, and (3) “abundance matching” has limitations as a tool for inferring physics. Our observations imply that SFHs are set at an early epoch, and that—for most galaxies—the decline and cessation of star formation occurs over a Hubble time, without distinct “quenching” events. SFH diversity is inconsistent with models where galaxy mass, at any given epoch, grows simply along relations between SFR and stellar mass, but is consistent with a two-parameter lognormal form, lending credence to this model from a new and independent perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GALACTIC evolution KW - STELLAR evolution KW - ASTRONOMICAL photometry KW - GALAXIES -- Formation KW - STELLAR masses N1 - Accession Number: 120327953; Alan Dressler 1 Daniel D. Kelson 1 Louis E. Abramson 2 Michael D. Gladders 3,4 Augustus Oemler Jr. 1 Bianca M. Poggianti 5 John S. Mulchaey 1 Benedetta Vulcani 6 Stephen A. Shectman 1 Rik J. Williams 7 Patrick J. Mccarthy 1; Affiliation: 1: The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA 2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 475 Portola Pl, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA 3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA 4: Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA 5: INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Italy 6: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia 7: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington DC 20004-3002, USA; Source Info: 12/20/2016, Vol. 833 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Formation; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/251 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120327953&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2016-60140-001 AN - 2016-60140-001 AU - Carrasco, Maria Augusta AU - Nguyen, Trang Quynh AU - Kaufman, Michelle R. T1 - Low uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision among high risk men in malawi. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2016/12/09/ CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - Carrasco, Maria Augusta, U.S. Agency for International Development, 2100 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA, US, 22202 N1 - Accession Number: 2016-60140-001. PMID: 27943000 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Carrasco, Maria Augusta; U.S. Agency for International Development, Arlington, VA, US. Release Date: 20161215. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Language: English. Major Descriptor: No terms assigned. Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200). Copyright Statement: Springer Science+Business Media New York (outside the USA). 2016. AB - Malawi is one of 14 priority countries for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) initiatives with the lowest VMMC uptake. Using data from a study of 269 men accessing VMMC in southern Malawi and latent class analysis, men were classified based on four risk factors: ever tested for HIV, condom use at last sex, having casual/concurrent sexual partners, and using alcohol before sex. Two distinct classes were identified: 8% of men were classified as high risk, while 92% were classified as low/medium risk. Poisson regression modeling indicated that men who had lower education (risk ratio [RR] 1.07, p < 0.05) and were ages 19–26 (RR 1.07, p < 0.05) were more likely to be in the high risk group. The low numbers of men in the high risk category seeking services suggests the need to implement targeted strategies to increase VMMC uptake among such high risk men. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Voluntary medical male circumcision KW - Malawi KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - HIV prevention KW - Biomedical intervention KW - 2016 KW - No terms assigned KW - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s10461-016-1633-1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-60140-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - mcarrasco@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gomez, G. B. AU - Dowdy, D. W. AU - Bastos, M. L. AU - Zwerling, A. AU - Sweeney, S. AU - Foster, N. AU - Trajman, A. AU - Islam, M. A. AU - Kapiga, S. AU - Sinanovic, E. AU - Knight, G. M. AU - White, R. G. AU - Wells, W. A. AU - Cobelens, F. G. AU - Vassall, A. T1 - Cost and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment shortening: a model-based analysis. JO - BMC Infectious Diseases JF - BMC Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2016/12//12/1/2016 VL - 16 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712334 AB - Background: Despite improvements in treatment success rates for tuberculosis (TB), current six-month regimen duration remains a challenge for many National TB Programmes, health systems, and patients. There is increasing investment in the development of shortened regimens with a number of candidates in phase 3 trials. Methods: We developed an individual-based decision analytic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical four-month regimen for first-line treatment of TB, assuming non-inferiority to current regimens of six-month duration. The model was populated using extensive, empirically-collected data to estimate the economic impact on both health systems and patients of regimen shortening for first-line TB treatment in South Africa, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Tanzania. We explicitly considered 'real world' constraints such as sub-optimal guideline adherence. Results: From a societal perspective, a shortened regimen, priced at USD1 per day, could be a cost-saving option in South Africa, Brazil, and Tanzania, but would not be cost-effective in Bangladesh when compared to one gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Incorporating 'real world' constraints reduces cost-effectiveness. Patient-incurred costs could be reduced in all settings. From a health service perspective, increased drug costs need to be balanced against decreased delivery costs. The new regimen would remain a cost-effective option, when compared to each countries' GDP per capita, even if new drugs cost up to USD7.5 and USD53.8 per day in South Africa and Brazil; this threshold was above USD1 in Tanzania and under USD1 in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Reducing the duration of first-line TB treatment has the potential for substantial economic gains from a patient perspective. The potential economic gains for health services may also be important, but will be context-specific and dependent on the appropriate pricing of any new regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Infectious Diseases is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - DRUGS -- Effectiveness KW - GROSS domestic product KW - DRUGS -- Prices KW - Cost-effectiveness KW - Economic evaluation KW - New technologies KW - Tuberculosis N1 - Accession Number: 120000625; Gomez, G. B. 1,2; Email Address: g.gomez@aighd.org Dowdy, D. W. 3 Bastos, M. L. 4,5 Zwerling, A. 3 Sweeney, S. 2 Foster, N. 6 Trajman, A. 4,5,7 Islam, M. A. 8 Kapiga, S. 9 Sinanovic, E. 6 Knight, G. M. 10 White, R. G. 10 Wells, W. A. 11,12 Cobelens, F. G. 1,13 Vassall, A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Trinity Building C, Pietersbergweg 17, Amsterdam 1105 BM, The Netherlands 2: Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 3: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA 4: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5: Tuberculosis Scientific League, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 6: Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 7: McGill University, Montreal, Canada 8: BRAC Health Nutrition and Population Programme, BRAC Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh 9: Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania 10: TB Modelling Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 11: Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, USA 12: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 13: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands; Source Info: 12/1/2016, Vol. 16, p1; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: DRUGS -- Effectiveness; Subject Term: GROSS domestic product; Subject Term: DRUGS -- Prices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: New technologies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12879-016-2064-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120000625&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 120000625 T1 - Cost and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment shortening: a model-based analysis. AU - Gomez, G. B. AU - Dowdy, D. W. AU - Bastos, M. L. AU - Zwerling, A. AU - Sweeney, S. AU - Foster, N. AU - Trajman, A. AU - Islam, M. A. AU - Kapiga, S. AU - Sinanovic, E. AU - Knight, G. M. AU - White, R. G. AU - Wells, W. A. AU - Cobelens, F. G. AU - Vassall, A. Y1 - 2016/12//12/1/2016 N1 - Accession Number: 120000625. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161208. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100968551. SP - 1 EP - 13 JO - BMC Infectious Diseases JF - BMC Infectious Diseases JA - BMC INFECT DIS VL - 16 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1471-2334 AD - Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Trinity Building C, Pietersbergweg 17, Amsterdam 1105 BM, The Netherlands AD - Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK AD - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA AD - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - Tuberculosis Scientific League, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa AD - McGill University, Montreal, Canada AD - BRAC Health Nutrition and Population Programme, BRAC Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh AD - Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania AD - TB Modelling Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK AD - Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, USA AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA AD - KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands DO - 10.1186/s12879-016-2064-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=120000625&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 120348788 T1 - Cost and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment shortening: a model-based analysis. AU - Gomez, G B AU - Dowdy, D W AU - Bastos, M L AU - Zwerling, A AU - Sweeney, S AU - Foster, N AU - Trajman, A AU - Islam, M A AU - Kapiga, S AU - Sinanovic, E AU - Knight, G M AU - White, R G AU - Wells, W A AU - Cobelens, F G AU - Vassall, A Y1 - 2016/12//12/1/2016 N1 - Accession Number: 120348788. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161223. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100968551. SP - 726 EP - 726 JO - BMC Infectious Diseases JF - BMC Infectious Diseases JA - BMC INFECT DIS VL - 16 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Despite improvements in treatment success rates for tuberculosis (TB), current six-month regimen duration remains a challenge for many National TB Programmes, health systems, and patients. There is increasing investment in the development of shortened regimens with a number of candidates in phase 3 trials.Methods: We developed an individual-based decision analytic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical four-month regimen for first-line treatment of TB, assuming non-inferiority to current regimens of six-month duration. The model was populated using extensive, empirically-collected data to estimate the economic impact on both health systems and patients of regimen shortening for first-line TB treatment in South Africa, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Tanzania. We explicitly considered 'real world' constraints such as sub-optimal guideline adherence.Results: From a societal perspective, a shortened regimen, priced at USD1 per day, could be a cost-saving option in South Africa, Brazil, and Tanzania, but would not be cost-effective in Bangladesh when compared to one gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Incorporating 'real world' constraints reduces cost-effectiveness. Patient-incurred costs could be reduced in all settings. From a health service perspective, increased drug costs need to be balanced against decreased delivery costs. The new regimen would remain a cost-effective option, when compared to each countries' GDP per capita, even if new drugs cost up to USD7.5 and USD53.8 per day in South Africa and Brazil; this threshold was above USD1 in Tanzania and under USD1 in Bangladesh.Conclusion: Reducing the duration of first-line TB treatment has the potential for substantial economic gains from a patient perspective. The potential economic gains for health services may also be important, but will be context-specific and dependent on the appropriate pricing of any new regimen. SN - 1471-2334 AD - Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Trinity Building C, Pietersbergweg 17, Amsterdam, 1105 BM, The Netherlands AD - Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK AD - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA AD - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - Tuberculosis Scientific League, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa AD - McGill University, Montreal, Canada AD - BRAC Health Nutrition and Population Programme, BRAC Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh AD - Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania AD - TB Modelling Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK AD - Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, USA AD - Present address: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA AD - KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands U2 - PMID: 27905897. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=120348788&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mutenda, Nicholus AU - Bukowski, Alexandra AU - Nitschke, Anne-Marie AU - Nakanyala, Tuli AU - Hamunime, Ndapewa AU - Mekonen, Tadesse AU - Tjituka, Francina AU - Mazibuko, Greatjoy AU - Mwinga, Samson AU - Mabirizi, David AU - Sagwa, Evans AU - Indongo, Rosalia AU - Dean, Natalie AU - Jordan, Michael R. AU - Hong, Steven Y. T1 - Assessment of the World Health Organization’s HIV Drug Resistance Early Warning Indicators in Main and Decentralized Outreach Antiretroviral Therapy Sites in Namibia. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/12//12/1/2016 VL - 11 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) early warning indicators (EWIs) of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) assess factors at individual ART sites that are known to create situations favourable to the emergence of HIVDR. Methods: In 2014, the Namibia HIV care and treatment program abstracted the following adult and pediatric EWIs from all public ART sites (50 main sites and 143 outreach sites): On-time pill pick-up, Retention in care, Pharmacy stock-outs, Dispensing practices, and Viral load suppression. Comparisons were made between main and outreach sites and between 2014 and 2012 using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in a matched analysis. Results: The national estimates were: On-time pill pick-up 81.9% (95% CI 81.1–82.8) for adults and 82.4% (81.3–83.4) for pediatrics, Retention in care 79% retained on ART after 12 months for adults and 82% for pediatrics, Pharmacy stock-outs 94% of months without a stock-out for adults and 88% for pediatrics, and Dispensing practices 0.01% (0.001–0.056) dispensed mono- or dual-therapy for adults and 0.01% (0.001–0.069) for pediatrics. Viral load suppression was significantly affected by low rates of Viral load completion. Main sites had higher On-time pill pick-up than outreach sites for adults (p<0.001) and pediatrics (p<0.001), and no difference between main and outreach sites for Retention in care for adults (p = 0.761) or pediatrics (p = 0.214). From 2012 to 2014 in adult sites, On-time pill pick-up (p = 0.001), Retention in care (p<0.001), and Pharmacy stock-outs (p = 0.002) worsened. In pediatric sites, On-time pill pick-up (p<0.001) and Pharmacy stock-outs (p = 0.012) worsened. Conclusions: Results of EWIs monitoring in Namibia provide evidence about ART programmatic functioning and contextualize results from national surveys of HIVDR. These results are worrisome as they show a decline in program performance over time. The national ART program is taking steps to minimize the emergence of HIVDR by strengthening adherence and retention of patients on ART, reducing stock-outs, and strengthening ART data quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Treatment KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - HEALTH programs KW - MEDICAL care KW - NAMIBIA KW - Africa KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Antiretroviral therapy KW - Antiviral therapy KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Epidemiology KW - Geographical locations KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Immunology KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial control KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Namibia KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - Pediatrics KW - People and places KW - Pharmacology KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Vaccination and immunization KW - Viral load KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viral transmission and infection KW - Virology KW - Viruses KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 119867704; Mutenda, Nicholus 1 Bukowski, Alexandra 2 Nitschke, Anne-Marie 1 Nakanyala, Tuli 1 Hamunime, Ndapewa 1 Mekonen, Tadesse 1 Tjituka, Francina 1 Mazibuko, Greatjoy 3 Mwinga, Samson 3 Mabirizi, David 3 Sagwa, Evans 3 Indongo, Rosalia 4 Dean, Natalie 5 Jordan, Michael R. 2,6 Hong, Steven Y. 2,6; Email Address: shong@tuftsmedicalcenter.org; Affiliation: 1: Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia 2: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 3: Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS), Management Sciences for Health, Windhoek, Namibia 4: United States Agency for International Development, Windhoek, Namibia 5: Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America 6: Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Source Info: 12/1/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Treatment; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: NAMIBIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antimicrobial resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Namibia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pediatrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmacology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccination and immunization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral load; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral transmission and infection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0166649 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119867704&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tebbutt, Emma AU - Brodmann, Rebecca AU - Borg, Johan AU - MacLachlan, Malcolm AU - Khasnabis, Chapal AU - Horvath, Robert T1 - Assistive products and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). JO - Globalization & Health JF - Globalization & Health Y1 - 2016/11/29/ VL - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 6 SN - 17448603 AB - The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have placed great emphasis on the need for much greater social inclusion, and on making deliberate efforts to reach marginalized groups. People with disabilities are often marginalized through their lack of access to a range of services and opportunities. Assistive products can help people overcome impairments and barriers enabling them to be active, participating and productive members of society. Assistive products are vital for people with disabilities, frailty and chronic illnesses; and for those with mental health problems, and gradual cognitive and physical decline characteristic of aging populations. This paper illustrates how the achievement of each of the 17 SDGs can be facilitated by the use of assistive products. Without promoting the availability of assistive products the SDGs cannot be achieved equitably. We highlight how assistive products can be considered as both a mediator and a moderator of SDG achievement. We also briefly describe how the Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE) is working to promote greater access to assistive products on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Globalization & Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ASSISTIVE computer technology KW - SELF-help devices for people with disabilities KW - PEOPLE with disabilities -- Services for KW - HEALTH services accessibility KW - Assistive products KW - Assistive technology KW - GATE KW - Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology KW - Limitations KW - People with disabilities KW - SDGs KW - Sustainable Development Goals KW - SUSTAINABLE Development Goals (United Nations) N1 - Accession Number: 119917817; Tebbutt, Emma 1 Brodmann, Rebecca 1 Borg, Johan 2 MacLachlan, Malcolm 3,4,5; Email Address: Malcolm.maclachlan@tcd.ie Khasnabis, Chapal 1 Horvath, Robert 6; Affiliation: 1: GATE Group, Essential Medicines & Health Products, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 2: Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 3: Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 4: Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 5: Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic 6: United States Agency for International Development, Washington D.C, USA; Source Info: 11/29/2016, Vol. 12, p1; Subject Term: ASSISTIVE computer technology; Subject Term: SELF-help devices for people with disabilities; Subject Term: PEOPLE with disabilities -- Services for; Subject Term: HEALTH services accessibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assistive products; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assistive technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: GATE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Limitations; Author-Supplied Keyword: People with disabilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: SDGs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sustainable Development Goals; Reviews & Products: SUSTAINABLE Development Goals (United Nations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 624120 Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12992-016-0220-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119917817&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 119917817 T1 - Assistive products and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). AU - Tebbutt, Emma AU - Brodmann, Rebecca AU - Borg, Johan AU - MacLachlan, Malcolm AU - Khasnabis, Chapal AU - Horvath, Robert Y1 - 2016/11/29/ N1 - Accession Number: 119917817. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161205. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101245734. SP - 1 EP - 6 JO - Globalization & Health JF - Globalization & Health JA - GLOBAL HEALTH VL - 12 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1744-8603 AD - GATE Group, Essential Medicines & Health Products, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden AD - Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland AD - Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa AD - Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington D.C, USA DO - 10.1186/s12992-016-0220-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=119917817&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 119923868 T1 - Assistive products and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). AU - Tebbutt, Emma AU - Brodmann, Rebecca AU - Borg, Johan AU - MacLachlan, Malcolm AU - Khasnabis, Chapal AU - Horvath, Robert Y1 - 2016/11/29/ N1 - Accession Number: 119923868. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161223. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101245734. SP - 79 EP - 79 JO - Globalization & Health JF - Globalization & Health JA - GLOBAL HEALTH VL - 12 PB - BioMed Central AB - The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have placed great emphasis on the need for much greater social inclusion, and on making deliberate efforts to reach marginalized groups. People with disabilities are often marginalized through their lack of access to a range of services and opportunities. Assistive products can help people overcome impairments and barriers enabling them to be active, participating and productive members of society. Assistive products are vital for people with disabilities, frailty and chronic illnesses; and for those with mental health problems, and gradual cognitive and physical decline characteristic of aging populations. This paper illustrates how the achievement of each of the 17 SDGs can be facilitated by the use of assistive products. Without promoting the availability of assistive products the SDGs cannot be achieved equitably. We highlight how assistive products can be considered as both a mediator and a moderator of SDG achievement. We also briefly describe how the Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE) is working to promote greater access to assistive products on a global scale. SN - 1744-8603 AD - GATE Group, Essential Medicines & Health Products, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden AD - Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland AD - Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa AD - Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington D.C, USA U2 - PMID: 27899117. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=119923868&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mzilahowa, Themba AU - Chiumia, Martin AU - Mbewe, Rex B. AU - Uzalili, Veronica T. AU - Luka-Banda, Madalitso AU - Kutengule, Anna AU - Mathanga, Don P. AU - Ali, Doreen AU - Chiphwanya, John AU - Zoya, John AU - Mulenga, Shadreck AU - Dodoli, Wilfred AU - Bergeson-Lockwood, Jennifer AU - Troell, Peter AU - Oyugi, Jessica AU - Lindblade, Kim AU - Gimnig, John E. T1 - Increasing insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in Malawi, 2011-2015. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2016/11/22/ VL - 15 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: Susceptibility of principal Anopheles malaria vectors to common insecticides was monitored over a 5-year period across Malawi to inform and guide the national malaria control programme. Methods: Adult blood-fed Anopheles spp. and larvae were collected from multiple sites in sixteen districts across the country between 2011 and 2015. First generation (F1) progeny aged 2-5 days old were tested for susceptibility, using standard WHO procedures, against pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin), carbamates (bendiocarb and propoxur), organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) and an organochlorine (DDT). Results: Mortality of Anopheles funestus to deltamethrin, permethrin, bendiocarb and propoxur declined significantly over the 5-year (2011-2015) monitoring period. There was wide variation in susceptibility to DDT but it was not associated with time. In contrast, An. funestus exhibited 100% mortality to the organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) at all sites tested. There was reduced mortality of Anopheles arabiensis to deltamethrin over time though this was not statistically significant. However, mortality of An. arabiensis exposed to permethrin declined significantly over time. Anopheles arabiensis exposed to DDT were more likely to be killed if there was high ITN coverage in the mosquito collection area the previous year. There were no other associations between mosquito mortality in a bioassay and ITN coverage or IRS implementation. Mortality of An. funestus from four sites exposed to deltamethrin alone ranged from 2 to 31% and from 41 to 94% when pre-exposed to the synergist piperonyl butoxide followed by deltamethrin. For permethrin alone, mortality ranged from 2 to 13% while mortality ranged from 63 to 100% when pre-exposed to PBO. Conclusion: Pyrethroid resistance was detected in An. funestus and An. arabiensis populations across Malawi and has worsened over the last 5 years. New insecticides and control strategies are urgently needed to reduce the burden of malaria in Malawi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - INSECTICIDE resistance KW - ANOPHELES funestus KW - ANOPHELES arabiensis KW - PUBLIC health KW - MALAWI KW - Anopheles funestus KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Insecticide resistance KW - Malawi KW - Pyrethroid resistance N1 - Accession Number: 119711191; Mzilahowa, Themba 1; Email Address: tmzilahowa@mac.medcol.mw Chiumia, Martin 1 Mbewe, Rex B. 1 Uzalili, Veronica T. 1 Luka-Banda, Madalitso 1 Kutengule, Anna 1 Mathanga, Don P. 1 Ali, Doreen 2 Chiphwanya, John 2 Zoya, John 2 Mulenga, Shadreck 2 Dodoli, Wilfred 3 Bergeson-Lockwood, Jennifer 4 Troell, Peter 5 Oyugi, Jessica 6 Lindblade, Kim 6 Gimnig, John E. 6; Affiliation: 1: Malaria Alert Centre, Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, P/Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi 2: Community Health Services Unit, National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi 3: WHO Countryoffice, Lilongwe, Malawi 4: President's Malaria Initiative, United States Agency for International Development, Lilongwe, Malawi 5: President's Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lilongwe, Malawi 6: Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Source Info: 11/22/2016, Vol. 15, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE resistance; Subject Term: ANOPHELES funestus; Subject Term: ANOPHELES arabiensis; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: MALAWI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anopheles funestus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anopheles gambiae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insecticide resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malawi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrethroid resistance; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12936-016-1610-1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119711191&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koblinsky, Marjorie AU - Moyer, Cheryl A. AU - Calvert, Clara AU - Campbell, James AU - Campbell, Oona M. R. AU - Feigl, Andrea B. AU - Graham, Wendy J. AU - Hatt, Laurel AU - Hodgins, Steve AU - Matthews, Zoe AU - McDougall, Lori AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Nandakumar, Allyala K. AU - Langer, Ana T1 - Quality maternity care for every woman, everywhere: a call to action. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2016/11/05/ VL - 388 IS - 10057 M3 - journal article SP - 2307 EP - 2320 SN - 00995355 AB - To improve maternal health requires action to ensure quality maternal health care for all women and girls, and to guarantee access to care for those outside the system. In this paper, we highlight some of the most pressing issues in maternal health and ask: what steps can be taken in the next 5 years to catalyse action toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of less than 70 maternal deaths per 100 000 livebirths by 2030, with no single country exceeding 140? What steps can be taken to ensure that high-quality maternal health care is prioritised for every woman and girl everywhere? We call on all stakeholders to work together in securing a healthy, prosperous future for all women. National and local governments must be supported by development partners, civil society, and the private sector in leading efforts to improve maternal-perinatal health. This effort means dedicating needed policies and resources, and sustaining implementation to address the many factors influencing maternal health-care provision and use. Five priority actions emerge for all partners: prioritise quality maternal health services that respond to the local specificities of need, and meet emerging challenges; promote equity through universal coverage of quality maternal health services, including for the most vulnerable women; increase the resilience and strength of health systems by optimising the health workforce, and improve facility capability; guarantee sustainable finances for maternal-perinatal health; and accelerate progress through evidence, advocacy, and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Lancet is the property of Lancet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MATERNAL health services KW - WOMEN -- Health KW - SUSTAINABLE development KW - PRIVATE sector KW - CIVIL society KW - LABOR supply N1 - Accession Number: 119342900; Koblinsky, Marjorie 1; Email Address: mkoblinsky@gmail.com Moyer, Cheryl A. 2 Calvert, Clara 3 Campbell, James 4 Campbell, Oona M. R. 3 Feigl, Andrea B. 5 Graham, Wendy J. 3 Hatt, Laurel 5 Hodgins, Steve 6 Matthews, Zoe 7 McDougall, Lori 8 Moran, Allisyn C. 1 Nandakumar, Allyala K. 9 Langer, Ana 10; Affiliation: 1: Maternal and Child Health, HIDN, USAID, Washington, DC, USA. 2: Department of Learning Health Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. 3: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. 4: Health Workforce, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. 5: Abt Associates, Bethesda, MD, USA. 6: Saving Newborn Lives, Save the Children, Washington, DC, USA. 7: Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 8: Partnership for Maternal Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland. 9: Office of Health Systems, USAID, Washington, DC, USA. 10: Maternal Health Task Force, Women and Health Initiative, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Source Info: 11/5/2016, Vol. 388 Issue 10057, p2307; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Health; Subject Term: SUSTAINABLE development; Subject Term: PRIVATE sector; Subject Term: CIVIL society; Subject Term: LABOR supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561320 Temporary Help Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Map; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31333-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119342900&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 119342900 T1 - Quality maternity care for every woman, everywhere: a call to action. AU - Koblinsky, Marjorie AU - Moyer, Cheryl A. AU - Calvert, Clara AU - Campbell, James AU - Campbell, Oona M. R. AU - Feigl, Andrea B. AU - Graham, Wendy J. AU - Hatt, Laurel AU - Hodgins, Steve AU - Matthews, Zoe AU - McDougall, Lori AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Nandakumar, Allyala K. AU - Langer, Ana Y1 - 2016/11/05/ N1 - Accession Number: 119342900. Language: English. Entry Date: 20161223. Revision Date: 20170318. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. SP - 2307 EP - 2320 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 388 North American Edition IS - 10057 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet AB - To improve maternal health requires action to ensure quality maternal health care for all women and girls, and to guarantee access to care for those outside the system. In this paper, we highlight some of the most pressing issues in maternal health and ask: what steps can be taken in the next 5 years to catalyse action toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of less than 70 maternal deaths per 100 000 livebirths by 2030, with no single country exceeding 140? What steps can be taken to ensure that high-quality maternal health care is prioritised for every woman and girl everywhere? We call on all stakeholders to work together in securing a healthy, prosperous future for all women. National and local governments must be supported by development partners, civil society, and the private sector in leading efforts to improve maternal-perinatal health. This effort means dedicating needed policies and resources, and sustaining implementation to address the many factors influencing maternal health-care provision and use. Five priority actions emerge for all partners: prioritise quality maternal health services that respond to the local specificities of need, and meet emerging challenges; promote equity through universal coverage of quality maternal health services, including for the most vulnerable women; increase the resilience and strength of health systems by optimising the health workforce, and improve facility capability; guarantee sustainable finances for maternal-perinatal health; and accelerate progress through evidence, advocacy, and accountability. SN - 0099-5355 AD - Maternal and Child Health, HIDN, USAID, Washington, DC, USA. AD - Department of Learning Health Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. AD - Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. AD - Health Workforce, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. AD - Abt Associates, Bethesda, MD, USA. AD - Saving Newborn Lives, Save the Children, Washington, DC, USA. AD - Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. AD - Partnership for Maternal Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland. AD - Office of Health Systems, USAID, Washington, DC, USA. AD - Maternal Health Task Force, Women and Health Initiative, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. U2 - PMID: 27642018. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31333-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=119342900&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grings, E. E. AU - Zampaligre, N. AU - Ayantunde, A. T1 - Overcoming challenges to utilization of dormant forage in year-round grazing systems. JO - Journal of Animal Science JF - Journal of Animal Science Y1 - 2016/11/02/2016 Supplement VL - 94 M3 - Article SP - 2 EP - 14 SN - 00218812 AB - Livestock managers dealing with inter and intra-annual forage quality dynamics use a variety of adaptive systems to cope. In higher rainfall areas, managers may have the ability to manipulate forage quantity and quality through for age management tactics such as grazing management, fertilization and use of seeded forages. In more semiarid and arid areas, forage dynamics are more heavily controlled by climatic factors. In these regions, adaption of animal management systems, such as by adjusting the match-up between seasonal nutrient demand and supply through manipulation of the animals’ physiological state, or through the use of mobility, may be more appropriate. Understanding factors affecting forage dynamics and how managers develop systems to adjust is important to helping these managers to deal with future changes in climate and land use. This review describes livestock system adaptations used to deal with high and variable inter- and intra-annual forage dynamics primarily found in arid and semiarid production zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Animal Science is the property of American Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FORAGE KW - MANAGEMENT KW - FORAGE plants -- Quality KW - GRAZING KW - GRAZING -- Environmental aspects KW - ANIMAL nutrition KW - ANIMAL feeding KW - LIVESTOCK -- Acclimatization KW - adaptation KW - forage quality KW - grazing KW - livestock systems KW - nutrition N1 - Accession Number: 119439374; Grings, E. E. 1 Zampaligre, N. 2 Ayantunde, A. 3; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC 2: Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. 3: International Livestock Research Institute, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.; Source Info: 2016 Supplement, Vol. 94, p2; Subject Term: FORAGE; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: FORAGE plants -- Quality; Subject Term: GRAZING; Subject Term: GRAZING -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ANIMAL nutrition; Subject Term: ANIMAL feeding; Subject Term: LIVESTOCK -- Acclimatization; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: forage quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: grazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: livestock systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrition; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2527/jas2016-0517 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119439374&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Yang AU - Cui, Yuanlai AU - Luo, Yufeng AU - Lyu, Xinwei AU - Traore, Seydou AU - Khan, Shahbaz AU - Wang, Weiguang T1 - Short-term forecasting of daily reference evapotranspiration using the Penman-Monteith model and public weather forecasts. JO - Agricultural Water Management JF - Agricultural Water Management Y1 - 2016/11// VL - 177 M3 - Article SP - 329 EP - 339 SN - 03783774 AB - Short-term daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) forecasts are required to facilitate real-time irrigation decision making. We forecasted daily 7-day-ahead ETo using the Penman–Monteith (PM) model and public weather forecasts. Public weather forecast data, including daily maximum and minimum temperatures, weather types and wind scales, for six stations located in a wide range of climate zones of China were collected. Weather types and wind scales were converted to sunshine duration and wind speed to forecast ETo. Meanwhile, daily meteorological data for the same period and locations were collected to calculate ETo, which served as reference standard for evaluating forecasting performance. The results showed that the forecasting performance for the minimum temperature was the best, followed by maximum temperature, sunshine duration and wind speed. Also, it was found that using public weather forecasts and the PM model improved the forecasting performance of daily ETo compared to those obtained when using the HS model with temperature forecasts as the only input data, and this improvement was because the weather type and wind scale forecasts also have positive influence on ETo forecasting. Further, the greatest impact on ETo forecasting error was found to be caused by the errors in sunshine duration and wind speed, followed by maximum and minimum temperature forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Agricultural Water Management is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION KW - WEATHER forecasting KW - CLIMATIC zones KW - METEOROLOGICAL stations KW - ACQUISITION of data KW - METEOROLOGICAL databases KW - Irrigation demand forecast KW - Penman-Monteith model KW - Public weather forecast KW - Reference evapotranspiration KW - Weather variables N1 - Accession Number: 118340695; Yang, Yang 1 Cui, Yuanlai 1 Luo, Yufeng 1; Email Address: yfluo@whu.edu.cn Lyu, Xinwei 2,3 Traore, Seydou 4 Khan, Shahbaz 5 Wang, Weiguang 6; Affiliation: 1: State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China 2: School of Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China 3: Wuhan Zhirun Water Technologies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China 4: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA 5: Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific UNESCO, DKI Jakarta 12110, Indonesia 6: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 177, p329; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: CLIMATIC zones; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL stations; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL databases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irrigation demand forecast; Author-Supplied Keyword: Penman-Monteith model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public weather forecast; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reference evapotranspiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weather variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.020 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118340695&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel1 AU - Baker, Susanna1, sbaker@usaid.gov T1 - A New Leader for a New World Health. JO - American Journal of Public Health JF - American Journal of Public Health J1 - American Journal of Public Health PY - 2016/11// Y1 - 2016/11// VL - 106 IS - 11 CP - 11 M3 - Editorial SP - 1907 EP - 1908 SN - 00900036 AB - The authors reflect on the history of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the organization's impact on global public health leadership as of 2016. The organizational structure of the WHO is addressed in relation to the agency's response to an Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The eradication of smallpox is mentioned, along with WHO director-general Margaret Chan and the group's Health Emergencies Program. WHO elections and the historical aspects of the United Nations are also assessed. KW - Organizational structure KW - World Health Organization -- History KW - Public health -- International cooperation -- History KW - Leadership -- International cooperation KW - Ebola virus disease KW - Associations, institutions, etc. -- Elections KW - West Africa -- History KW - Epidemics -- Prevention KW - Elections KW - Organizational change KW - Public health KW - Chan, Margaret KW - World Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 118666053; Authors:Pablos-Mendez, Ariel 1; Baker, Susanna 1 Email Address: sbaker@usaid.gov; Affiliations: 1: Bureau of Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; Subject: World Health Organization -- History; Subject: Public health -- International cooperation -- History; Subject: Leadership -- International cooperation; Subject: Organizational structure; Subject: Ebola virus disease; Subject: Chan, Margaret; Subject: Associations, institutions, etc. -- Elections; Subject: West Africa -- History; Subject: Epidemics -- Prevention; Subject: Elections; Subject: Organizational change; Subject: Public health; Subject: World Health Organization; Number of Pages: 2p; Record Type: Editorial L3 - 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303474 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eft&AN=118666053&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eft ER - ID - 118666053 T1 - A New Leader for a New World Health. AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel AU - Baker, Susanna Y1 - 2016/11// N1 - Accession Number: 118666053. Language: English. Entry Date: 20161013. Revision Date: 20161015. Publication Type: Editorial. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Core Nursing; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Nursing; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. NLM UID: 1254074. KW - World Health Organization KW - Elections KW - Organizational Change KW - Public Health KW - Disease Outbreaks -- Prevention and Control SP - 1907 EP - 1908 JO - American Journal of Public Health JF - American Journal of Public Health JA - AM J PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 106 IS - 11 CY - Washington, District of Columbia PB - American Public Health Association SN - 0090-0036 AD - Bureau of Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303474 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=118666053&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Geissler, Kimberley H. AU - Goldberg, Jeffrey AU - Leatherman, Sheila T1 - Using microfinance to facilitate household investment in sanitation in rural Cambodia. JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning Y1 - 2016/11// VL - 31 IS - 9 M3 - journal article SP - 1193 EP - 1199 SN - 02681080 AB - Improved sanitation access is extremely low in rural Cambodia. Non-governmental organizations have helped build local supply side latrine markets to promote household latrine purchase and use, but households cite inability to pay as a key barrier to purchase. To examine the extent to which microfinance can be used to facilitate household investment in sanitation, we applied a two-pronged assessment: (1) to address the gap between interest in and use of microfinance, we conducted a pilot study to assess microfinance demand and feasibility of integration with a sanitation marketing program and (2) using a household survey (n = 935) at latrine sales events in two rural provinces, we assessed attitudes about microfinance and financing for sanitation. We found substantial stated intent to use a microfinance institution (MFI) loan to purchase a latrine (27%). Five percent of current owners used an MFI loan for latrine purchase. Credit officers attended 159 events, with 4761 individuals attending. Actual loan applications were low, with 4% of sales events attendees applying for a loan immediately following the event (mean = 1.7 loans per event). Ongoing coordination was challenging, requiring management commitment from the sanitation marketing program and commitment to social responsibility from the MFI. Given the importance of improving sanitation coverage and concomitant health impacts, linking functional sanitation markets to already operational finance markets has the potential to give individuals and households more financial flexibility. Further product research and better integration of private vendors and financing modalities are necessary to create a scalable microfinance option for sanitation markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MICROFINANCE KW - SANITATION KW - SOCIAL responsibility KW - RURAL geography KW - CAMBODIA KW - Cambodia KW - financing KW - sanitation N1 - Accession Number: 118420296; Geissler, Kimberley H. 1; Email Address: kgeissler@umass.edu; Goldberg, Jeffrey 2; Leatherman, Sheila 3; Affiliations: 1: University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; 2: Office of Water, Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 3: Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Issue Info: Nov2016, Vol. 31 Issue 9, p1193; Thesaurus Term: MICROFINANCE; Thesaurus Term: SANITATION; Subject Term: SOCIAL responsibility; Subject Term: RURAL geography; Subject: CAMBODIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cambodia; Author-Supplied Keyword: financing; Author-Supplied Keyword: sanitation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1093/heapol/czw051 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=118420296&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 118420296 T1 - Using microfinance to facilitate household investment in sanitation in rural Cambodia. AU - Geissler, Kimberley H. AU - Goldberg, Jeffrey AU - Leatherman, Sheila Y1 - 2016/11// N1 - Accession Number: 118420296. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161223. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 8610614. SP - 1193 EP - 1199 JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning JA - HEALTH POLICY PLANN VL - 31 IS - 9 PB - Oxford University Press / USA AB - Improved sanitation access is extremely low in rural Cambodia. Non-governmental organizations have helped build local supply side latrine markets to promote household latrine purchase and use, but households cite inability to pay as a key barrier to purchase. To examine the extent to which microfinance can be used to facilitate household investment in sanitation, we applied a two-pronged assessment: (1) to address the gap between interest in and use of microfinance, we conducted a pilot study to assess microfinance demand and feasibility of integration with a sanitation marketing program and (2) using a household survey (n = 935) at latrine sales events in two rural provinces, we assessed attitudes about microfinance and financing for sanitation. We found substantial stated intent to use a microfinance institution (MFI) loan to purchase a latrine (27%). Five percent of current owners used an MFI loan for latrine purchase. Credit officers attended 159 events, with 4761 individuals attending. Actual loan applications were low, with 4% of sales events attendees applying for a loan immediately following the event (mean = 1.7 loans per event). Ongoing coordination was challenging, requiring management commitment from the sanitation marketing program and commitment to social responsibility from the MFI. Given the importance of improving sanitation coverage and concomitant health impacts, linking functional sanitation markets to already operational finance markets has the potential to give individuals and households more financial flexibility. Further product research and better integration of private vendors and financing modalities are necessary to create a scalable microfinance option for sanitation markets. SN - 0268-1080 AD - University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA AD - Office of Water, Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA AD - Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA U2 - PMID: 27198981. DO - 10.1093/heapol/czw051 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=118420296&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 119103512 T1 - Development and Usefulness of a District Health Systems Tool for Performance Improvement in Essential Public Health Functions in Botswana and Mozambique. AU - Bishai, David AU - Sherry, Melissa AU - Pereira, Claudia C. AU - Chicumbe, Sergio AU - Mbofana, Francisco AU - Boore, Amy AU - Smith, Monica AU - Nhambi, Leonel AU - Borse, Nagesh N. Y1 - 2016/11//Nov/Dec2016 N1 - Accession Number: 119103512. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161028. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. NLM UID: 9505213. SP - 586 EP - 596 JO - Journal of Public Health Management & Practice JF - Journal of Public Health Management & Practice JA - J PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGE PRACT VL - 22 IS - 6 CY - Baltimore, Maryland PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1078-4659 AD - Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland AD - JHPIEGO, Baltimore, Maryland AD - ENSP, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - National Institute of Health, Maputo, Mozambique AD - CDC, Maputo, Mozambique AD - CDC, Gabarone, Botswana AD - JHPIEGO, Mozambique AD - USAID, Washington, District of Columbia DO - 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000407 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=119103512&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hankins, Catherine AU - Warren, Mitchell AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: New Mathematical Models for Strategic Demand Creation Prioritizing Subpopulations by Age and Geography. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/10/26/ VL - 11 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Over 11 million voluntary medical male circumcisions (VMMC) have been performed of the projected 20.3 million needed to reach 80% adult male circumcision prevalence in priority sub-Saharan African countries. Striking numbers of adolescent males, outside the 15-49-year-old age target, have been accessing VMMC services. What are the implications of overall progress in scale-up to date? Can mathematical modeling provide further insights on how to efficiently reach the male circumcision coverage levels needed to create and sustain further reductions in HIV incidence to make AIDS no longer a public health threat by 2030? Considering ease of implementation and cultural acceptability, decision makers may also value the estimates that mathematical models can generate of immediacy of impact, cost-effectiveness, and magnitude of impact resulting from different policy choices. This supplement presents the results of mathematical modeling using the Decision Makers’ Program Planning Tool Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), the Actuarial Society of South Africa (ASSA2008) model, and the age structured mathematical (ASM) model. These models are helping countries examine the potential effects on program impact and cost-effectiveness of prioritizing specific subpopulations for VMMC services, for example, by client age, HIV-positive status, risk group, and geographical location. The modeling also examines long-term sustainability strategies, such as adolescent and/or early infant male circumcision, to preserve VMMC coverage gains achieved during rapid scale-up. The 2016–2021 UNAIDS strategy target for VMMC is an additional 27 million VMMC in high HIV-prevalence settings by 2020, as part of access to integrated sexual and reproductive health services for men. To achieve further scale-up, a combination of evidence, analysis, and impact estimates can usefully guide strategic planning and funding of VMMC services and related demand-creation strategies in priority countries. Mid-course corrections now can improve cost-effectiveness and scale to achieve the impact needed to help turn the HIV pandemic on its head within 15 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - AGE groups KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - DISEASE incidence KW - SUB-Saharan Africa KW - Adolescents KW - Age groups KW - AIDS KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Epidemiology KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Overview KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Social sciences KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses N1 - Accession Number: 119087360; Hankins, Catherine 1,2 Warren, Mitchell 3 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 4; Email Address: enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 2: Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 3: AVAC, New York, New York, United States of America 4: USAID, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: 10/26/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: AGE groups; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: DISEASE incidence; Subject Term: SUB-Saharan Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adolescents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overview; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160699 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119087360&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Mugurungi, Owen AU - Ncube, Gertrude AU - Xaba, Sinokuthemba AU - Gold, Elizabeth AU - Ahanda, Kim Seifert AU - Kruse-Levy, Natalie AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Modeling Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Increased Efforts to Attract Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Clients Ages 20–29 in Zimbabwe. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/10/26/ VL - 11 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Zimbabwe aims to increase circumcision coverage to 80% among 13- to 29-year-olds. However, implementation data suggest that high coverage among men ages 20 and older may not be achievable without efforts specifically targeted to these men, incurring additional costs per circumcision. Scale-up scenarios were created based on trends in implementation data in Zimbabwe, and the cost-effectiveness of increasing efforts to recruit clients ages 20–29 was examined. Methods: Zimbabwe voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) program data were used to project trends in male circumcision coverage by age into the future. The projection informed a base scenario in which, by 2018, the country achieves 80% circumcision coverage among males ages 10–19 and lower levels of coverage among men above age 20. The Zimbabwe DMPPT 2.0 model was used to project costs and impacts, assuming a US$109 VMMC unit cost in the base scenario and a 3% discount rate. Two other scenarios assumed that the program could increase coverage among clients ages 20–29 with a corresponding increase in unit cost for these age groups. Results: When circumcision coverage among men ages 20–29 is increased compared with a base scenario reflecting current implementation trends, fewer VMMCs are required to avert one infection. If more than 50% additional effort (reflected as multiplying the unit cost by >1.5) is required to double the increase in coverage among this age group compared with the base scenario, the cost per HIV infection averted is higher than in the base scenario. Conclusions: Although increased investment in recruiting VMMC clients ages 20–29 may lead to greater overall impact if recruitment efforts are successful, it may also lead to lower cost-effectiveness, depending on the cost of increasing recruitment. Programs should measure the relationship between increased effort and increased ability to attract this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - COST effectiveness KW - AGE groups KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - ZIMBABWE KW - Adolescents KW - Africa KW - Age distribution KW - Age groups KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Demography KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Geographical locations KW - HIV KW - HIV infections KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Social sciences KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses KW - Zimbabwe N1 - Accession Number: 119087329; Kripke, Katharine 1; Email Address: kkripke@avenirhealth.org Hatzold, Karin 2 Mugurungi, Owen 3 Ncube, Gertrude 3 Xaba, Sinokuthemba 3 Gold, Elizabeth 4 Ahanda, Kim Seifert 5 Kruse-Levy, Natalie 6 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 5; Affiliation: 1: Health Policy Project, Avenir Health, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 2: Population Services International, Harare, Zimbabwe 3: Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe 4: Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 5: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 6: USAID, Harare, Zimbabwe; Source Info: 10/26/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: AGE groups; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: ZIMBABWE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adolescents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Demography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zimbabwe; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0164144 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119087329&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Reed, Jason AU - Hankins, Catherine AU - Smiley, Gregory AU - Laube, Catey AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Impact and Cost of Scaling Up Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in the Context of the New 90-90-90 HIV Treatment Targets. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/10/26/ VL - 11 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: The report of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) for World AIDS Day 2014 highlighted a Fast-Track Strategy that sets ambitious treatment and prevention targets to reduce global HIV incidence to manageable levels by 2020 and end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. The 90-90-90 treatment targets for 2020 call for 90% of people living with HIV to know their HIV status, 90% of people who know their status to receive treatment, and 90% of people on HIV treatment to be virally suppressed. This paper examines how scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services in four priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa could contribute to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 in the context of concerted efforts to close the treatment gap, and what the impact of VMMC scale-up would be if the 90-90-90 treatment targets were not completely met. Methods: Using the Goals module of the Spectrum suite of models, this analysis modified ART (antiretroviral treatment) scale-up coverage from base scenarios to reflect the 90-90-90 treatment targets in four countries (Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, and Uganda). In addition, a second scenario was created to reflect viral suppression levels of 75% instead of 90%, and a third scenario was created in which the 90-90-90 treatment targets are reached in women, with men reaching more moderate coverage levels. Regarding male circumcision (MC) coverage, the analysis examined both a scenario in which VMMCs were assumed to stop after 2015, and one in which MC coverage was scaled up to 90% by 2020 and maintained at 90% thereafter. Results: Across all four countries, scaling up VMMC is projected to provide further HIV incidence reductions in addition to those achieved by reaching the 90-90-90 treatment targets. If viral suppression levels only reach 75%, scaling up VMMC leads to HIV incidence reduction to nearly the same levels as those achieved with 90-90-90 without VMMC scale-up. If only women reach the 90-90-90 targets, scaling up VMMC brings HIV incidence down to near the levels projected with 90-90-90 without VMMC scale-up. Regarding cost, scaling up VMMC increases the annual costs during the scale-up phase, but leads to lower annual costs after the MC coverage target is achieved. Conclusions: The scenarios modeled in this paper show that the highly durable and effective male circumcision intervention increases epidemic impact levels over those of treatment-only strategies, including the case if universal levels of viral suppression in men and women are not achieved by 2020. In the context of 90-90-90, prioritizing continued successful scale-up of VMMC increases the possibility that future generations will be free not only of AIDS but also of HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HIV infections -- Treatment KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - DISEASE incidence KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - Africa KW - AIDS KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Circumcision for HIV prevention KW - Diagnostic medicine KW - Epidemiology KW - Geographical locations KW - HIV KW - HIV diagnosis and management KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Malawi KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses N1 - Accession Number: 119087357; Kripke, Katharine 1; Email Address: kkripke@avenirhealth.org Reed, Jason 2 Hankins, Catherine 3 Smiley, Gregory 4 Laube, Catey 5 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6; Affiliation: 1: Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), Avenir Health, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 2: Jhpiego, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 3: Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 4: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS Regional Support Team, Eastern and Southern Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa 5: Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 6: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: 10/26/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Treatment; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: DISEASE incidence; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision for HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV diagnosis and management; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malawi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0155734 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119087357&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tchuenche, Michel AU - Palmer, Eurica AU - Haté, Vibhuti AU - Thambinayagam, Ananthy AU - Loykissoonlal, Dayanund AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Forsythe, Steven T1 - The Cost of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/10/26/ VL - 11 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Given compelling evidence associating voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) with men’s reduced HIV acquisition through heterosexual intercourse, South Africa in 2010 began scaling up VMMC. To project the resources needed to complete 4.3 million circumcisions between 2010 and 2016, we (1) estimated the unit cost to provide VMMC; (2) assessed cost drivers and cost variances across eight provinces and VMMC service delivery modes; and (3) evaluated the costs associated with mobilize and motivate men and boys to access VMMC services. Cost data were systematically collected and analyzed using a provider’s perspective from 33 Government and PEPFAR-supported (U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) urban, rural, and peri-urban VMMC facilities. The cost per circumcision performed in 2014 was US$132 (R1,431): higher in public hospitals (US$158 [R1,710]) than in health centers and clinics (US$121 [R1,309]). There was no substantial difference between the cost at fixed circumcision sites and fixed sites that also offer outreach services. Direct labor costs could be reduced by 17% with task shifting from doctors to professional nurses; this could have saved as much as $15 million (R163.20 million) in 2015, when the goal was 1.6 million circumcisions. About $14.2 million (R154 million) was spent on medical male circumcision demand creation in South Africa in 2014—primarily on personnel, including community mobilizers (36%), and on small and mass media promotions (35%). Calculating the unit cost of VMMC demand creation was daunting, because data on the denominator (number of people reached with demand creation messages or number of people seeking VMMC as a result of demand creation) were not available. Because there are no “dose-response” data on demand creation ($X in demand creation will result in an additional Z% increase in VMMC clients), research is needed to determine the appropriate amount and allocation of demand creation resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - SEXUAL intercourse KW - HETEROSEXUALITY KW - SOUTH Africa KW - Africa KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Economics KW - Engineering and technology KW - Equipment KW - Geographical locations KW - Health care KW - Health care providers KW - Health services research KW - HIV KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Labor economics KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Nurses KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Preventive medicine KW - Professions KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Salaries KW - Social sciences KW - South Africa KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses N1 - Accession Number: 119087337; Tchuenche, Michel 1; Email Address: JMTchuenche@avenirhealth.org Palmer, Eurica 2 Haté, Vibhuti 3 Thambinayagam, Ananthy 4 Loykissoonlal, Dayanund 5 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6 Forsythe, Steven 1; Affiliation: 1: Health Policy Project, Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), Avenir Health, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 2: Health Policy Project, Palladium Consultant, Johannesburg, South Africa 3: George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 4: USAID, Pretoria, South Africa 5: National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa 6: USAID, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: 10/26/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: SEXUAL intercourse; Subject Term: HETEROSEXUALITY; Subject Term: SOUTH Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineering and technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equipment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care providers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Labor economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nurses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Professions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salaries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160207 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119087337&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tchuenche, Michel AU - Haté, Vibhuti AU - McPherson, Dacia AU - Palmer, Eurica AU - Thambinayagam, Ananthy AU - Loykissoonlal, Dayanund AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Forsythe, Steven T1 - Estimating Client Out-of-Pocket Costs for Accessing Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/10/26/ VL - 11 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - In 2010, South Africa launched a countrywide effort to scale up its voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) program on the basis of compelling evidence that circumcision reduces men’s risk of acquiring HIV through heterosexual intercourse. Even though VMMC is free there, clients can incur indirect out-of-pocket costs (for example transportation cost or foregone income). Because these costs can be barriers to increasing the uptake of VMMC services, we assessed them from a client perspective, to inform VMMC demand creation policies. Costs (calculated using a bottom-up approach) and demographic data were systematically collected through 190 interviews conducted in 2015 with VMMC clients or (for minors) their caregivers at 25 VMMC facilities supported by the government and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in eight of South Africa’s nine provinces. The average age of VMMC clients was 22 years and nearly 92% were under 35 years of age. The largest reported out-of-pocket expenditure was transportation, at an average of US$9.20 (R 100). Only eight clients (4%) reported lost days of work. Indirect expenditures were childcare costs (one client) and miscellaneous items such as food or medicine (20 clients). Given competing household expense priorities, spending US$9.20 (R100) per person on transportation to access VMMC services could be a significant burden on clients and households, and a barrier to South Africa’s efforts to create demand for VMMC. Thus, we recommend a more focused analysis of clients’ transportation costs to access VMMC services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HIV infections KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - HETEROSEXUALITY KW - SEXUAL intercourse KW - SOUTH Africa KW - Africa KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Economics KW - Engineering and technology KW - Geographical locations KW - Health care KW - Health economics KW - Health insurance KW - Health services research KW - HIV KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Labor economics KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Salaries KW - Social sciences KW - South Africa KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Transportation KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses N1 - Accession Number: 119087345; Tchuenche, Michel 1 Haté, Vibhuti 2 McPherson, Dacia 3 Palmer, Eurica 3 Thambinayagam, Ananthy 4 Loykissoonlal, Dayanund 5 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6; Email Address: enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov Forsythe, Steven 1; Affiliation: 1: Health Policy Project, Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), Avenir Health, Washington, DC, United States of America 2: Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America 3: Health Policy Project, Palladium Consultant, Johannesburg, South Africa 4: USAID (United States Agency for International Development), Pretoria, South Africa 5: National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa 6: USAID (United States Agency for International Development), Washington, DC, United States of America; Source Info: 10/26/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: HETEROSEXUALITY; Subject Term: SEXUAL intercourse; Subject Term: SOUTH Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineering and technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health insurance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Labor economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salaries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transportation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0164147 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119087345&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Latifi, Rifat AU - Gunn, Jayleen AU - Stroster, John AU - Zaimi, Edmond AU - Olldashi, Fatos AU - Dogjani, Agron AU - Kerci, Mihal AU - Draçini, Xheladin AU - Kuçani, Julian AU - Shatri, Zhaneta AU - Kociraj, Agim AU - Boci, Arian AU - Donaldson, Ross T1 - The readiness of emergency and trauma care in low- and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional descriptive study of 42 public hospitals in Albania. JO - International Journal of Emergency Medicine JF - International Journal of Emergency Medicine Y1 - 2016/10/07/ VL - 9 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 6 SN - 18651372 AB - Background: Traumatic injuries have become a substantial but neglected epidemic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but emergency rooms (ERs) in these countries are often staffed with healthcare providers who have minimal emergency training and experience. The aim of this paper was to describe the specialized training, available interventions, and the patient management strategies in the ERs in Albanian public hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 42 ERs in the Republic of Albania between September 5, 2014, and December 29, 2014 was performed. Assessment subcategories included the following: (1) specialized training and/or certifications possessed by healthcare providers, (2) interventions performed in the ER, and (3) patient management strategies. Results: Across the 42 ERs surveyed, less than half (37.1-42.5 %) of physicians and one third of nurses (7.1-26.0 %) working in the ERs received specialized trauma training. About half (47.9-57.1 %) of the ER physicians and one fifth of the nurses (18.3-22.9 %) possessed basic life support certification. This survey demonstrated some significant differences in the emergency medical care provided between primary, secondary, and tertiary hospitals across Albania (the significance level was set at 0.05). Specifically, these differences involved spinal immobilization ( p = 0.01), FAST scan ( p = 0.04), splinting ( p = 0.01), closed reduction of displaced fractures ( p = 0.02), and nurses performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) ( p = 0.01). Between 50.0 and 71.4 % of the facilities cited a combined lack of training and supplies as the reason for not offering interventions such as rapid sequence induction, needle thoracotomy, chest tube insertion, and thrombolysis. Mass casualty triage was utilized among 39.1 % primary hospitals, 41.7 % of secondary, and 28.6 % of tertiary. Conclusions: The emergency services in Albania are currently staffed with inadequately trained personnel, who lack the equipment and protocols to meet the needs of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Emergency Medicine is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Emergency medical care KW - Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care KW - International Association for Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care KW - Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) KW - Trauma care KW - World Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 118669892; Latifi, Rifat; Email Address: rifat.latifi@wmchealth.org Gunn, Jayleen Stroster, John 1 Zaimi, Edmond 2 Olldashi, Fatos 3 Dogjani, Agron 4 Kerci, Mihal 5 Draçini, Xheladin 6 Kuçani, Julian 7 Shatri, Zhaneta 8 Kociraj, Agim 8 Boci, Arian 7 Donaldson, Ross 9; Affiliation: 1: Department of Surgery , Westchester Medical Center Health , 100 Woods Road, Valhalla New York 10595 USA 2: TUHC 'Mother Teresa' Hospital , Tirana Albania 3: Department of Neurosurgery , University Hospital of Trauma , Tirana Albania 4: University Trauma Hospital , Tirana Albania 5: Anesthesiology and Intensive Care , University Hospital of Trauma , Tirana Albania 6: Faculty of Medicine & Surgery , University of Tirana , Tirana Albania 7: International Virtual e-Hospital (IVeH) Foundation , Hope USA 8: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Albania , Tirana Albania 9: Department of Emergency Medicine , Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles 90095 USA; Source Info: 10/7/2016, Vol. 9, p1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emergency medical care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Association for Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low and middle-income countries (LMICs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Trauma care; Author-Supplied Keyword: World Health Organization; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12245-016-0124-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118669892&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sedegah, Martha AU - Peters, Bjoern AU - Hollingdale, Michael R. AU - Ganeshan, Harini D. AU - Huang, Jun AU - Farooq, Fouzia AU - Belmonte, Maria N. AU - Belmonte, Arnel D. AU - Limbach, Keith J. AU - Diggs, Carter AU - Soisson, Lorraine AU - Chuang, Ilin AU - Villasante, Eileen D. T1 - Vaccine Strain-Specificity of Protective HLA-Restricted Class 1 P. falciparum Epitopes. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/10/03/ VL - 11 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - A DNA prime/adenovirus boost malaria vaccine encoding Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 CSP and AMA1 elicited sterile clinical protection associated with CD8+ T cell interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cells responses directed to HLA class 1-restricted AMA1 epitopes of the vaccine strain 3D7. Since a highly effective malaria vaccine must be broadly protective against multiple P. falciparum strains, we compared these AMA1 epitopes of two P. falciparum strains (7G8 and 3D7), which differ by single amino acid substitutions, in their ability to recall CD8+ T cell activities using ELISpot and flow cytometry/intracellular staining assays. The 7G8 variant peptides did not recall 3D7 vaccine-induced CD8+ T IFN-γ cell responses in these assays, suggesting that protection may be limited to the vaccine strain. The predicted MHC binding affinities of the 7G8 variant epitopes were similar to the 3D7 epitopes, suggesting that the amino acid substitutions of the 7G8 variants may have interfered with TCR recognition of the MHC:peptide complex or that the 7G8 variant may have acted as an altered peptide ligand. These results stress the importance of functional assays in defining protective epitopes. Clinical Trials Registrations: NCT00870987, NCT00392015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HLA histocompatibility antigens KW - ANTIGENIC determinants KW - FLOW cytometry KW - APICAL membrane antigen 1 KW - CD8 antigen KW - Animal cells KW - Apicomplexa KW - Biochemistry KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Blood cells KW - Cell biology KW - Cellular types KW - Cytotoxic T cells KW - Enzyme-linked immunoassays KW - Immune cells KW - Immune receptors KW - Immune response KW - Immune system proteins KW - Immunoassays KW - Immunologic techniques KW - Immunology KW - Malaria KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Parasite groups KW - Parasitic diseases KW - Parasitology KW - Plasmodium KW - Preventive medicine KW - Proteins KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Signal transduction KW - T cell receptors KW - T cells KW - Tropical diseases KW - Vaccination and immunization KW - Vaccines KW - White blood cells N1 - Accession Number: 118505585; Sedegah, Martha 1 Peters, Bjoern 2 Hollingdale, Michael R. 1,3; Email Address: Michael.r.hollingdale.ctr@mail.mil Ganeshan, Harini D. 1,3 Huang, Jun 1,3 Farooq, Fouzia 1,3 Belmonte, Maria N. 1,3 Belmonte, Arnel D. 1,3 Limbach, Keith J. 1,3 Diggs, Carter 4 Soisson, Lorraine 4 Chuang, Ilin 1 Villasante, Eileen D. 1; Affiliation: 1: Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States of America 2: La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States of America 3: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, 20817, United States of America 4: USAID, Washington, DC, 20523, United States of America; Source Info: 10/3/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: HLA histocompatibility antigens; Subject Term: ANTIGENIC determinants; Subject Term: FLOW cytometry; Subject Term: APICAL membrane antigen 1; Subject Term: CD8 antigen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apicomplexa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blood cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellular types; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cytotoxic T cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enzyme-linked immunoassays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immune cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immune receptors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immune response; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immune system proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunoassays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunologic techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasite groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasitic diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasitology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmodium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal transduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: T cell receptors; Author-Supplied Keyword: T cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccination and immunization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccines; Author-Supplied Keyword: White blood cells; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0163026 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118505585&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Festin, Mario Philip R. AU - Kiarie, James AU - Solo, Julie AU - Spieler, Jeffrey AU - Malarcher, Shawn AU - Van Look, Paul F.A. AU - Temmerman, Marleen T1 - Moving towards the goals of FP2020 - classifying contraceptives. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2016/10// VL - 94 IS - 4 M3 - journal article SP - 289 EP - 294 SN - 00107824 AB - With the renewed focus on family planning, a clear and transparent understanding is needed for the consistent classification of contraceptives, especially in the commonly used modern/traditional system. The World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) therefore convened a technical consultation in January 2015 to address issues related to classifying contraceptives. The consultation defined modern contraceptive methods as having a sound basis in reproductive biology, a precise protocol for correct use and evidence of efficacy under various conditions based on appropriately designed studies. Methods in country programs like Fertility Awareness Based Methods [such as Standard Days Method (SDM) and TwoDay Method], Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) and emergency contraception should be reported as modern. Herbs, charms and vaginal douching are not counted as contraceptive methods as they have no scientific basis in preventing pregnancy nor are in country programs. More research is needed on defining and measuring use of emergency contraceptive methods, to reflect their contribution to reducing unmet need. The ideal contraceptive classification system should be simple, easy to use, clear and consistent, with greater parsimony. Measurement challenges remain but should not be the driving force to determine what methods are counted or reported as modern or not. Family planning programs should consider multiple attributes of contraceptive methods (e.g., level of effectiveness, need for program support, duration of labeled use, hormonal or nonhormonal) to ensure they provide a variety of methods to meet the needs of women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EMERGENCY contraceptives KW - FAMILY planning KW - LACTATION amenorrhea KW - REPRODUCTIVE health KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 118076914; Festin, Mario Philip R. 1; Email Address: festinma@who.int Kiarie, James 1; Email Address: kiariej@who.int Solo, Julie 2; Email Address: juliesolo08@gmail.com Spieler, Jeffrey 2; Email Address: jmspieler@gmail.com Malarcher, Shawn 3; Email Address: smalarcher@usaid.gov Van Look, Paul F.A. 2; Email Address: vanlookp@bluewin.ch Temmerman, Marleen 1; Email Address: temmermanm@who.int; Affiliation: 1: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP–UNFPA–UNICEF–WHO–World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Switzerland 2: Independent consultant 3: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 94 Issue 4, p289; Subject Term: EMERGENCY contraceptives; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: LACTATION amenorrhea; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.05.015 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118076914&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 118076914 T1 - Moving towards the goals of FP2020 - classifying contraceptives. AU - Festin, Mario Philip R. AU - Kiarie, James AU - Solo, Julie AU - Spieler, Jeffrey AU - Malarcher, Shawn AU - Van Look, Paul F.A. AU - Temmerman, Marleen Y1 - 2016/10// N1 - Accession Number: 118076914. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161203. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: 001//World Health Organization/International. NLM UID: 0234361. SP - 289 EP - 294 JO - Contraception JF - Contraception JA - CONTRACEPTION VL - 94 IS - 4 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science AB - With the renewed focus on family planning, a clear and transparent understanding is needed for the consistent classification of contraceptives, especially in the commonly used modern/traditional system. The World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) therefore convened a technical consultation in January 2015 to address issues related to classifying contraceptives. The consultation defined modern contraceptive methods as having a sound basis in reproductive biology, a precise protocol for correct use and evidence of efficacy under various conditions based on appropriately designed studies. Methods in country programs like Fertility Awareness Based Methods [such as Standard Days Method (SDM) and TwoDay Method], Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) and emergency contraception should be reported as modern. Herbs, charms and vaginal douching are not counted as contraceptive methods as they have no scientific basis in preventing pregnancy nor are in country programs. More research is needed on defining and measuring use of emergency contraceptive methods, to reflect their contribution to reducing unmet need. The ideal contraceptive classification system should be simple, easy to use, clear and consistent, with greater parsimony. Measurement challenges remain but should not be the driving force to determine what methods are counted or reported as modern or not. Family planning programs should consider multiple attributes of contraceptive methods (e.g., level of effectiveness, need for program support, duration of labeled use, hormonal or nonhormonal) to ensure they provide a variety of methods to meet the needs of women and men. SN - 0010-7824 AD - Department of Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP–UNFPA–UNICEF–WHO–World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Switzerland AD - Independent consultant AD - United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USA U2 - PMID: 27287693. DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.05.015 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=118076914&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 118019688 T1 - A qualitative exploration of health workers' and clients' perceptions of barriers to completing four antenatal care visits in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. AU - Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A. AU - McMahon, Shannon A. AU - Chebet, Joy J. AU - Kilewo, Charles AU - Frumence, Gasto AU - Gupta, Shivam AU - Stevenson, Raz AU - Lipingu, Chrisostom AU - Baqui, Abdullah H. AU - Winch, Peter J. Y1 - 2016/10// N1 - Accession Number: 118019688. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161223. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 8610614. SP - 1039 EP - 1049 JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning JA - HEALTH POLICY PLANN VL - 31 IS - 8 PB - Oxford University Press / USA AB - Antenatal care (ANC) remains an important contact point on the continuum of care for mothers and children in low- and middle-income countries. In Tanzania, the proportion of pregnant women completing at least four ANC visits (ANC-4) dropped from 70% to 43% between 1999 and 2010. To identify potential causes of the decline in the number of ANC visits, we conducted qualitative research at 18 health centres in Morogoro Region, exploring providers' communication about ANC visits and clients' and providers' perceptions of changes in ANC services and barriers to completing four visits. We also observed counselling messages delivered during 203 ANC consultations. Our results indicate that provider communication about ANC visit recommendations is inadequate, and confusion exists among clients about when and how often they should attend. Participants highlighted how the scale up of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, with routine human immunodeficiency virus testing for women and their male partners, presents additional barriers for some women. Changes to the timing and content of ANC services following the adoption of the Focused ANC model was described by participants as changing women's perceptions and decisions in how they utilize ANC services. In particular, condensed delivery of technical interventions fostered a sense among clients that multiple visits are unnecessary. Other barriers that may contribute to declining ANC-4 include changing norms about family planning and birth spacing, out-of-pocket costs for clients and informal practices adopted by health facilities and providers such as turning women away who attend early in pregnancy or are not accompanied by male partners. Further research is needed to determine the role and extent that these barriers may be contributing to declining ANC-4. Issues of poor communication, supply inadequacies and informal practices, deserve immediate attention from the health system. AB - El cuidado prenatal (CPN) sigue siendo un importante punto de contacto en el cuidado de la salud para las madres y los niños en los países de ingresos bajos y medios. En Tanzania, la proporción de mujeres embarazadas que completan por lo menos cuatro visitas de CPN (CPN-4) se redujo de 70% a 43% entre 1999 y 2010. Para identificar las causas potenciales de la disminución en el número de visitas de CPN, realizamos una investigación cualitativa en 18 centros de salud en la Región de Morogoro, explorando la comunicación de los proveedores sobre las visitas de CPN y las percepciones de los clientes y de los proveedores sobre los cambios en los servicios de CPN y las barreras para completar cuatro visitas. También observamos los mensajes de asesoría entregados durante 203 consultas de CPN. Nuestros resultados indican que la comunicación del proveedor sobre las recomendaciones de visita al CPN es inadecuada y existe confusión entre los chentes acerca de cuándo y con qué frecuencia deberían asistir. Los participantes destacaron cómo la ampliación del programa de Prevención de la Transmisión de Madre a Hijo, (PTMH), junto con la prueba de rutina del virus de la inmunodeficienda humana para las mujeres y sus parejas masculinas, presenta barreras adicionales para algunas mujeres. Los participantes describieron que los cambios en el tiempo y en el contenido de los servicios de CPN después de la adopción del modelo de CPN de Enfoque llevaron a un cambio de las percepciones y las decisiones de las mujeres en la forma en que ellas utilizan los servicios de CPN. En particular, la entrega intensiva de intervenciones técnicas fomentó una sensación entre los clientes de que las visitas múltiples son innecesarias. Otras barreras que pueden contribuir a la disminución del CPN-4 incluyen el cambio de las normas sobre la planificación familiar y el espaciamiento de los nacimientos, los costos de bolsillo para los clientes y las prácticas informales adoptadas por las instalaciones de salud y proveedores, tales como rechazar a las mujeres que asisten a comienzos del embarazo o que no están acompañados por parejas masculinas. Se necesita más investigación para determinar el papel y la medida en que estas barreras pueden estar contribuyendo a la disminución de la CPN -4. La cuestión de falta de comunicación, suministros inadecuados y prácticas informales, merecen atención inmediata por parte del sistema de salud. AB - Les soins prénatals (ANC) demeurent un important point de contact du continuum des soins maternels et infantiles dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire. En Tanzanie, la proportion de femmes enceintes effectuant au moins quatre consultations prénatales (ANC-4) a chuté de 70% à 43% entre 1999 et 2010. Pour identifier les éventuelles causes de la baisse du nombre de consultations prénatales, nous avons mené une recherche qualitative dans 18 centres de santé de la région de Morogoro, en explorant la communication des prestataires sur les consultations prénatales, ainsi que les perceptions des clients et des prestataires par rapport aux changements survenus dans les services de soins prénataux et aux obstacles à la réalisation de quatre consultations. Nous avons également observé les messages des conseils donnés au cours de 203 consultations prénatales. Nos résultats indiquent que la communication des prestataires pour recommander les consultations prénatales est insuffisante, et les clients ne savent pas exactement quand, ni combien de fois ils doivent se faire consulter. Les participants ont mis l'accent sur le fait que l'amélioration de la prévention de la transmisión mère-enfant, grâce aux tests de routine du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine pour les femmes et leurs partenaires masculins, présente des obstacles supplémentaires pour certaines femmes. Les modifications apportées au calendrier et au contenu des services de soins prénataux suite à l'adoption du modèle Focused ANC, ont été décrites par les participants comme une façon de changer les perceptions et les décisions des femmes par rapport à la façon d'utiliser les services de soins prénataux. En particulier, la prestation d'interventions techniques condensées a favorisé chez les clients le sentiment que ces multiples visites étaient inutiles. D'autres obstacles qui peuvent contribuer à la baisse des consultations (ANC-4) comprennent la modification des normes sur la planification familiale et l'espacement des naissances, les coûts directs des clients et les pratiques informelles adoptées par les formations sanitaires et les prestataires, comme par exemple renvoyer les femmes qui viennent en consultation dès le début de la grossesse ou ne sont pas accompagnées par des hommes. D'autres recherches sont nécessaires pour déterminer le rôle et l'ampleur que ces obstacles peuvent contribuer à la baisse des consultations prénatales (ANC-4). Les questions relatives à la mauvaise communication, les insuffisances de l'offre et les pratiques informelles, méritent une attention immédiate de la part du système de santé. AB - 在低收入和中等收入国家, 产前护理 (ANC)依然对母亲和儿 童来说是非常重要的。从 1999 年到 2010 年, 坦桑尼亚完成至 少四次产前护理 (ANC-4)的孕妇比例从 70% 下降到了43%。 我们对莫罗戈罗地区的 18 个医疗中心进行了定性研究以寻找 比例下降的原因, 在研究中我们主要调查服务提供者和客户对 ANC服务变化和障碍的看法。我们同时也观察了 203 例 ANC 咨 询中给出的咨询意见。我们的研究结果表明服务提供者关于 ANC的推荐交流是不充分的, 客户依然不清楚什么时候以及如 何参加 ANC。参与者强调预防母婴传播的扩大, 包括对妇女及 其伴侣人类免疫缺陷病毒的检查, 对一些妇女来说也是障碍。 参与者表示, 按照集中 ANC 模型对 ANC 服务时间和内容进行的 改变也改变了妇女选择 ANC 的看法和实践。特别是妊娠技术 的简化使得妇女认为进行多次产前检查是不必要的。 其他一些障碍来源于包括家庭计划和生育间隔、自付成本和医疗机 构的不正规医疗, 以及一些过早参与或是没有男性伴侣陪同的 妇女被服务提供者拒绝服务。还需要进行更深入的研究以确 定这些障碍在 ANC-4 下降过程中的角色和程度。交流不畅、 供给不足和不正规医疗应该引起医疗系统的立即重视。 SN - 0268-1080 AD - Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA AD - School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania AD - United States Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania AD - Jhpiego-Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania U2 - PMID: 27117481. DO - 10.1093/heapol/czw034 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=118019688&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A. AU - McMahon, Shannon A. AU - Chebet, Joy J. AU - Kilewo, Charles AU - Frumence, Gasto AU - Gupta, Shivam AU - Stevenson, Raz AU - Lipingu, Chrisostom AU - Baqui, Abdullah H. AU - Winch, Peter J. T1 - A qualitative exploration of health workers' and clients' perceptions of barriers to completing four antenatal care visits in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. T2 - Una exploración cualitativa de las percepciones de los trabajadores de la salud y de los clientes sobre las barreras para completar cuatro visitas de cuidado prenatal en la región de Morogoro, Tanzania. T2 - Une exploration qualitative des perceptions des agents de santé et des clients par rapport aux obstacles rencontrés pour effectuer quatre consultations prénatales dans la région de Morogoro, en Tanzanie. T2 - 从医护工作者和客户的角度出发对坦桑尼亚 莫罗戈罗区完成四次产前护理的障碍的定性 研究. JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning Y1 - 2016/10// VL - 31 IS - 8 M3 - journal article SP - 1039 EP - 1049 SN - 02681080 AB - Antenatal care (ANC) remains an important contact point on the continuum of care for mothers and children in low- and middle-income countries. In Tanzania, the proportion of pregnant women completing at least four ANC visits (ANC-4) dropped from 70% to 43% between 1999 and 2010. To identify potential causes of the decline in the number of ANC visits, we conducted qualitative research at 18 health centres in Morogoro Region, exploring providers' communication about ANC visits and clients' and providers' perceptions of changes in ANC services and barriers to completing four visits. We also observed counselling messages delivered during 203 ANC consultations. Our results indicate that provider communication about ANC visit recommendations is inadequate, and confusion exists among clients about when and how often they should attend. Participants highlighted how the scale up of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, with routine human immunodeficiency virus testing for women and their male partners, presents additional barriers for some women. Changes to the timing and content of ANC services following the adoption of the Focused ANC model was described by participants as changing women's perceptions and decisions in how they utilize ANC services. In particular, condensed delivery of technical interventions fostered a sense among clients that multiple visits are unnecessary. Other barriers that may contribute to declining ANC-4 include changing norms about family planning and birth spacing, out-of-pocket costs for clients and informal practices adopted by health facilities and providers such as turning women away who attend early in pregnancy or are not accompanied by male partners. Further research is needed to determine the role and extent that these barriers may be contributing to declining ANC-4. Issues of poor communication, supply inadequacies and informal practices, deserve immediate attention from the health system. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - El cuidado prenatal (CPN) sigue siendo un importante punto de contacto en el cuidado de la salud para las madres y los niños en los países de ingresos bajos y medios. En Tanzania, la proporción de mujeres embarazadas que completan por lo menos cuatro visitas de CPN (CPN-4) se redujo de 70% a 43% entre 1999 y 2010. Para identificar las causas potenciales de la disminución en el número de visitas de CPN, realizamos una investigación cualitativa en 18 centros de salud en la Región de Morogoro, explorando la comunicación de los proveedores sobre las visitas de CPN y las percepciones de los clientes y de los proveedores sobre los cambios en los servicios de CPN y las barreras para completar cuatro visitas. También observamos los mensajes de asesoría entregados durante 203 consultas de CPN. Nuestros resultados indican que la comunicación del proveedor sobre las recomendaciones de visita al CPN es inadecuada y existe confusión entre los chentes acerca de cuándo y con qué frecuencia deberían asistir. Los participantes destacaron cómo la ampliación del programa de Prevención de la Transmisión de Madre a Hijo, (PTMH), junto con la prueba de rutina del virus de la inmunodeficienda humana para las mujeres y sus parejas masculinas, presenta barreras adicionales para algunas mujeres. Los participantes describieron que los cambios en el tiempo y en el contenido de los servicios de CPN después de la adopción del modelo de CPN de Enfoque llevaron a un cambio de las percepciones y las decisiones de las mujeres en la forma en que ellas utilizan los servicios de CPN. En particular, la entrega intensiva de intervenciones técnicas fomentó una sensación entre los clientes de que las visitas múltiples son innecesarias. Otras barreras que pueden contribuir a la disminución del CPN-4 incluyen el cambio de las normas sobre la planificación familiar y el espaciamiento de los nacimientos, los costos de bolsillo para los clientes y las prácticas informales adoptadas por las instalaciones de salud y proveedores, tales como rechazar a las mujeres que asisten a comienzos del embarazo o que no están acompañados por parejas masculinas. Se necesita más investigación para determinar el papel y la medida en que estas barreras pueden estar contribuyendo a la disminución de la CPN -4. La cuestión de falta de comunicación, suministros inadecuados y prácticas informales, merecen atención inmediata por parte del sistema de salud. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Les soins prénatals (ANC) demeurent un important point de contact du continuum des soins maternels et infantiles dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire. En Tanzanie, la proportion de femmes enceintes effectuant au moins quatre consultations prénatales (ANC-4) a chuté de 70% à 43% entre 1999 et 2010. Pour identifier les éventuelles causes de la baisse du nombre de consultations prénatales, nous avons mené une recherche qualitative dans 18 centres de santé de la région de Morogoro, en explorant la communication des prestataires sur les consultations prénatales, ainsi que les perceptions des clients et des prestataires par rapport aux changements survenus dans les services de soins prénataux et aux obstacles à la réalisation de quatre consultations. Nous avons également observé les messages des conseils donnés au cours de 203 consultations prénatales. Nos résultats indiquent que la communication des prestataires pour recommander les consultations prénatales est insuffisante, et les clients ne savent pas exactement quand, ni combien de fois ils doivent se faire consulter. Les participants ont mis l'accent sur le fait que l'amélioration de la prévention de la transmisión mère-enfant, grâce aux tests de routine du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine pour les femmes et leurs partenaires masculins, présente des obstacles supplémentaires pour certaines femmes. Les modifications apportées au calendrier et au contenu des services de soins prénataux suite à l'adoption du modèle Focused ANC, ont été décrites par les participants comme une façon de changer les perceptions et les décisions des femmes par rapport à la façon d'utiliser les services de soins prénataux. En particulier, la prestation d'interventions techniques condensées a favorisé chez les clients le sentiment que ces multiples visites étaient inutiles. D'autres obstacles qui peuvent contribuer à la baisse des consultations (ANC-4) comprennent la modification des normes sur la planification familiale et l'espacement des naissances, les coûts directs des clients et les pratiques informelles adoptées par les formations sanitaires et les prestataires, comme par exemple renvoyer les femmes qui viennent en consultation dès le début de la grossesse ou ne sont pas accompagnées par des hommes. D'autres recherches sont nécessaires pour déterminer le rôle et l'ampleur que ces obstacles peuvent contribuer à la baisse des consultations prénatales (ANC-4). Les questions relatives à la mauvaise communication, les insuffisances de l'offre et les pratiques informelles, méritent une attention immédiate de la part du système de santé. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - 在低收入和中等收入国家, 产前护理 (ANC)依然对母亲和儿 童来说是非常重要的。从 1999 年到 2010 年, 坦桑尼亚完成至 少四次产前护理 (ANC-4)的孕妇比例从 70% 下降到了43%。 我们对莫罗戈罗地区的 18 个医疗中心进行了定性研究以寻找 比例下降的原因, 在研究中我们主要调查服务提供者和客户对 ANC服务变化和障碍的看法。我们同时也观察了 203 例 ANC 咨 询中给出的咨询意见。我们的研究结果表明服务提供者关于 ANC的推荐交流是不充分的, 客户依然不清楚什么时候以及如 何参加 ANC。参与者强调预防母婴传播的扩大, 包括对妇女及 其伴侣人类免疫缺陷病毒的检查, 对一些妇女来说也是障碍。 参与者表示, 按照集中 ANC 模型对 ANC 服务时间和内容进行的 改变也改变了妇女选择 ANC 的看法和实践。特别是妊娠技术 的简化使得妇女认为进行多次产前检查是不必要的。 其他一些障碍来源于包括家庭计划和生育间隔、自付成本和医疗机 构的不正规医疗, 以及一些过早参与或是没有男性伴侣陪同的 妇女被服务提供者拒绝服务。还需要进行更深入的研究以确 定这些障碍在 ANC-4 下降过程中的角色和程度。交流不畅、 供给不足和不正规医疗应该引起医疗系统的立即重视。 (Chinese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PRENATAL care KW - PREGNANT women -- Health KW - MATERNAL health services KW - REPRODUCTIVE health services KW - MATERNAL & infant welfare KW - TANZANIA KW - antenatal care KW - health services KW - Maternal health N1 - Accession Number: 118019688; Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A. 1; Email Address: jcallag1@jhu.edu; McMahon, Shannon A. 1; Chebet, Joy J. 1; Kilewo, Charles 2; Frumence, Gasto 2; Gupta, Shivam 1; Stevenson, Raz 3; Lipingu, Chrisostom 4; Baqui, Abdullah H. 1; Winch, Peter J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 3: United States Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 4: Jhpiego-Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Issue Info: Oct2016, Vol. 31 Issue 8, p1039; Subject Term: PRENATAL care; Subject Term: PREGNANT women -- Health; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health services; Subject Term: MATERNAL & infant welfare; Subject: TANZANIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: antenatal care; Author-Supplied Keyword: health services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1093/heapol/czw034 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=118019688&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lyatuu, Margaret Benjamin AU - Mkumbwa, Temina AU - Stevenson, Raz AU - Isidro, Marissa AU - Modaha, Francis AU - Katcher, Heather AU - Dhillon, Christina Nyhus T1 - Planning and Budgeting for Nutrition Programs in Tanzania: Lessons Learned From the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program. JO - International Journal of Health Policy & Management JF - International Journal of Health Policy & Management Y1 - 2016/10// VL - 5 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 583 EP - 588 SN - 23225939 AB - Background: Micronutrient deficiency in Tanzania is a significant public health problem, with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affecting 34% of children aged 6 to 59 months. Since 2007, development partners have worked closely to advocate for the inclusion of twice-yearly vitamin A supplementation and deworming (VASD) activities with budgets at the subnational level, where funding and implementation occur. As part of the advocacy work, a VASD planning and budgeting tool (PBT) was developed and is used by district officials to justify allocation of funds. Helen Keller International (HKI) and the Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre (TFNC) conduct reviews of VASD funds and health budgets annually in all districts to monitor the impact of advocacy efforts. This paper presents the findings of the fiscal year (FY) 2010 district budget annual review. The review was intended to answer the following questions regarding district-level funding: (1) how many funds were allocated to nutrition-specific activities in FY 2010? (2) how many funds were allocated specifically to twice-yearly VASD activities in FY 2010? and (3) how have VASD funding allocations changed over time? Methods: Budgets from all 133 districts in Tanzania were accessed, reviewed and documented to identify line item funds allocated for VASD and other nutrition activities in FY 2010. Retrospective data from prior annual reviews for VASD were used to track trends in funding. The data were collected using specific data forms and then transcribed into an excel spreadsheet for analysis. Results: The total funds allocated in Tanzania's districts in FY 2010 amounted to US$1.4 million of which 92% were for VASD. Allocations for VASD increased from US$0.387 million to US$1.3 million between FY 2005 and FY 2010. Twelve different nutrition activities were identified in budgets across the 133 districts. Despite the increased trend, the percentage of districts allocating sufficient funds to implement VAS (as defined by cost per child) was just 21%. Discussion: District-driven VAS funding in Tanzania continues to be allocated by districts consistently, although adequacy of funding is a concern. However, regular administrative data point to fairly high and consistent coverage rates for VAS across the country (over 80% over the last 10 years). Although this analysis may have omitted some nutrition-specific funding not identified in district budget data, it represents a reliable reflection of the nutrition funding landscape in FY 2010. For this year, total district nutrition allocations add up to only 2% of the amount needed to implement nutrition services at scale according to Tanzania's National Nutrition Strategy Implementation Plan. Conclusion: VASD advocacy and planning support at the district level has succeeded in ensuring district allocations for the program. To promote sustainable implementation of other nutrition interventions in Tanzania, more funds must be allocated and guidance must be accompanied by tools that enable planning and budgeting at the district level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Health Policy & Management is the property of Kerman University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Medical Education Development Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH programs KW - VITAMIN A in human nutrition KW - TRACE elements in nutrition KW - Budget KW - Nutrition KW - Planning KW - Tanzania KW - Vitamin A Supplementation and Deworming (VASD) N1 - Accession Number: 118092624; Lyatuu, Margaret Benjamin 1; Email Address: margaretbenjamin8222@gmail.com; Mkumbwa, Temina 1; Stevenson, Raz 2; Isidro, Marissa 1; Modaha, Francis 3; Katcher, Heather 1; Dhillon, Christina Nyhus 1; Affiliations: 1: Helen Keller International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 2: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 3: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 5 Issue 10, p583; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: VITAMIN A in human nutrition; Subject Term: TRACE elements in nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tanzania; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vitamin A Supplementation and Deworming (VASD); NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.46 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=118092624&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2016-47657-001 AN - 2016-47657-001 AU - Carrasco, Maria Augusta AU - Kaufman, Michelle R. T1 - Correlates of condom use and procedure knowledge among men accessing voluntary medical male circumcision in malawi. JF - International Journal of Behavioral Medicine JO - International Journal of Behavioral Medicine JA - Int J Behav Med Y1 - 2016/09/30/ CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1070-5503 SN - 1532-7558 AD - Carrasco, Maria Augusta, Office of HIV/AIDS, USAID, 2100 Crystal Drive VA, Arlington, VA, US, 22202 N1 - Accession Number: 2016-47657-001. PMID: 27696216 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Carrasco, Maria Augusta; Office of HIV/AIDS, USAID, Arlington, VA, US. Other Publishers: Lawrence Erlbaum; Taylor & Francis. Release Date: 20161006. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Language: English. Major Descriptor: No terms assigned. Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290). Copyright Statement: International Society of Behavioral Medicine. 2016. AB - Purpose: This study examined correlates of condom use (CU) and voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) knowledge among men accessing VMMC services in Malawi.Methods: Two hundred sixty-nine men ages 16 or older accessing VMMC were recruited at service sites. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine associations, and the relative odds of CU at last sex with VMMC knowledge. Correlates included the following: education, age, location, religion, marital status, ever tested for HIV, having casual/concurrent sexual partners, and alcohol use before sex.Results: The multivariate analysis revealed CU was associated with having a casual/concurrent partner in the previous 3 months and negatively associated with being age 27 or older and single, with participants who had casual/concurrent partners being more likely to use condoms than counterparts who did not have casual/concurrent partners, and those who were over age 27 and single being less likely to do so. VMMC knowledge was associated with education and location, with men with higher education and living in urban areas more likely to know that VMMC partially protects against HIV.Conclusion: Results highlight the need to ensure information about VMMC is appropriate for rural men with lower education. Further research is needed to understand the risk profile of men accessing VMMC and the reasons why men who do not know VMMC partially protects against HIV are seeking the service. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Voluntary medical male circumcision KW - Malawi KW - HIV prevention KW - Condom use KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - 2016 KW - No terms assigned KW - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s12529-016-9594-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-47657-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - mcarrasco@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mitchell, David F. AU - Brown, Annie S. AU - Bouare, Sory Ibrahima AU - Belemvire, Allison AU - George, Kristen AU - Fornadel, Christen AU - Norris, Laura AU - Longhany, Rebecca AU - Chandonait, Peter J. T1 - Mobile soak pits improve spray team mobility, productivity and safety of PMI malaria control programs. JO - Journal of Environmental Management JF - Journal of Environmental Management Y1 - 2016/09/15/ VL - 180 M3 - Article SP - 557 EP - 565 SN - 03014797 AB - In the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI)-funded Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project (AIRS), end-of-day clean-up operations require the safe disposal of wash water resulting from washing the exterior of spray tanks and spray operators’ personal protective equipment. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) programs typically use soak pits - large, in-ground filters – to adsorb, filter and then safely degrade the traces of insecticide found in the wash water. Usually these soak pits are permanent installations serving 30 or more operators, located in a central area that is accessible to multiple spray teams at the end of their workday. However, in remote areas, it is often impractical for teams to return to a central soak pit location for cleanup. To increase operational efficiency and improve environmental compliance, the PMI AIRS Project developed and tested mobile soak pits (MSP) in the laboratory and in field applications in Madagascar, Mali, Senegal, and Ethiopia where the distance between villages can be substantial and the road conditions poor. Laboratory testing confirmed the ability of the easily-assembled MSP to reduce effluent concentrations of two insecticides (Actellic 300-CS and Ficam VC) used by the PMI AIRS Project, and to generate the minimal practicable environmental “footprint” in these remote areas. Field testing in the Mali 2014 IRS campaign demonstrated ease of installation and use, resulted in improved and more consistent standards of clean-up, decreased transportation requirements, improved spray team working conditions, and reduced potential for operator exposure to insecticide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Environmental Management is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Waste management KW - Spraying KW - Environmental compliance KW - Environmental exposure KW - Malaria -- Prevention KW - Health programs KW - Field equipment decontamination KW - GAC KW - Indoor residual spraying KW - Insecticide application N1 - Accession Number: 116630204; Mitchell, David F. 1; Email Address: David_Mitchell@abtassoc.com; Brown, Annie S. 2; Bouare, Sory Ibrahima 3; Belemvire, Allison 4; George, Kristen 4; Fornadel, Christen 4; Norris, Laura 4; Longhany, Rebecca 4; Chandonait, Peter J. 2; Affiliations: 1: Abt Associates, Inc., 55 Wheeler Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 2: Abt Associates, Cambridge and Bethesda, MD, USA; 3: Save the Children, Bamako, Mali; 4: USAID, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 180, p557; Thesaurus Term: Waste management; Thesaurus Term: Spraying; Thesaurus Term: Environmental compliance; Thesaurus Term: Environmental exposure; Subject Term: Malaria -- Prevention; Subject Term: Health programs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field equipment decontamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: GAC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indoor residual spraying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insecticide application; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562110 Waste collection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562212 Solid Waste Landfill; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562119 Other Waste Collection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.036 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116630204&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singh, Neha S. AU - Huicho, Luis AU - Afnan-Holmes, Hoviyeh AU - John, Theopista AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Colbourn, Tim AU - Grundy, Chris AU - Matthews, Zoe AU - Maliqi, Blerta AU - Mathai, Matthews AU - Daelmans, Bernadette AU - Requejo, Jennifer AU - Lawn, Joy E. AU - Countdown to 2015 Health Systems and Policies Technical Working Group T1 - Countdown to 2015 country case studies: systematic tools to address the "black box" of health systems and policy assessment. JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health Y1 - 2016/09/12/ VL - 16 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 51 EP - 66 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712458 AB - Background: Evaluating health systems and policy (HSP) change and implementation is critical in understanding reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) progress within and across countries. Whilst data for health outcomes, coverage and equity have advanced in the last decade, comparable analyses of HSP changes are lacking. We present a set of novel tools developed by Countdown to 2015 (Countdown) to systematically analyse and describe HSP change for RMNCH indicators, enabling multi-country comparisons.Methods: International experts worked with eight country teams to develop HSP tools via mixed methods. These tools assess RMNCH change over time (e.g. 1990-2015) and include: (i) Policy and Programme Timeline Tool (depicting change according to level of policy); (ii) Health Policy Tracer Indicators Dashboard (showing 11 selected RMNCH policies over time); (iii) Health Systems Tracer Indicators Dashboard (showing four selected systems indicators over time); and (iv) Programme implementation assessment. To illustrate these tools, we present results from Tanzania and Peru, two of eight Countdown case studies.Results: The Policy and Programme Timeline tool shows that Tanzania's RMNCH environment is complex, with increased funding and programmes for child survival, particularly primary-care implementation. Maternal health was prioritised since mid-1990s, yet with variable programme implementation, mainly targeting facilities. Newborn health only received attention since 2005, yet is rapidly scaling-up interventions at facility- and community-levels. Reproductive health lost momentum, with re-investment since 2010. Contrastingly, Peru moved from standalone to integrated RMNCH programme implementation, combined with multi-sectoral, anti-poverty strategies. The HSP Tracer Indicators Dashboards show that Peru has adopted nine of 11 policy tracer indicators and Tanzania has adopted seven. Peru costed national RMNCH plans pre-2000, whereas Tanzania developed a national RMNCH plan in 2006 but only costed the reproductive health component. Both countries included all lifesaving RMNCH commodities on their essential medicines lists. Peru has twice the health worker density of Tanzania (15.4 vs. 7.1/10,000 population, respectively), although both are below the 22.8 WHO minimum threshold.Conclusions: These are the first HSP tools using mixed methods to systematically analyse and describe RMNCH changes within and across countries, important in informing accelerated progress for ending preventable maternal, newborn and child mortality in the post-2015 era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Public Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH systems agencies KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - CHILD mortality KW - INFANT mortality KW - DOMESTIC economic assistance KW - Child health KW - Health systems KW - Maternal health KW - Newborn health KW - Peru KW - Policy analysis KW - Reproductive health KW - Tanzania N1 - Accession Number: 118052103; Singh, Neha S. 1; Email Address: neha.singh@lshtm.ac.uk Huicho, Luis 2,3,4 Afnan-Holmes, Hoviyeh 5 John, Theopista 6 Moran, Allisyn C. 7 Colbourn, Tim 8 Grundy, Chris 1 Matthews, Zoe 9 Maliqi, Blerta 10 Mathai, Matthews 10 Daelmans, Bernadette 10 Requejo, Jennifer 11 Lawn, Joy E. 1 Countdown to 2015 Health Systems and Policies Technical Working Group; Affiliation: 1: Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK 2: Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru 3: School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru 4: Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru 5: Independent consultant, London, UK 6: World Health Organisation, PO Box 9292, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 7: US Agency for International Development, Bureau of Global Health, Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition, Washington DC, USA 8: Institute for Global Health, University College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK 9: Division of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK 10: Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organisation, Geneva 27 1211, Switzerland 11: Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, Geneva 27 1211, Switzerland; Source Info: 9/12/2016, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: HEALTH systems agencies; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: CHILD mortality; Subject Term: INFANT mortality; Subject Term: DOMESTIC economic assistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Child health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Newborn health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peru; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policy analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tanzania; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 1 Map; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s12889-016-3402-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118052103&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 118052103 T1 - Countdown to 2015 country case studies: systematic tools to address the "black box" of health systems and policy assessment. AU - Singh, Neha S. AU - Huicho, Luis AU - Afnan-Holmes, Hoviyeh AU - John, Theopista AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Colbourn, Tim AU - Grundy, Chris AU - Matthews, Zoe AU - Maliqi, Blerta AU - Mathai, Matthews AU - Daelmans, Bernadette AU - Requejo, Jennifer AU - Lawn, Joy E. Y1 - 2016/09/12/ N1 - Accession Number: 118052103. Corporate Author: Countdown to 2015 Health Systems and Policies Technical Working Group. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160926. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Public Health; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100968562. SP - 51 EP - 66 JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health JA - BMC PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 16 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Evaluating health systems and policy (HSP) change and implementation is critical in understanding reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) progress within and across countries. Whilst data for health outcomes, coverage and equity have advanced in the last decade, comparable analyses of HSP changes are lacking. We present a set of novel tools developed by Countdown to 2015 (Countdown) to systematically analyse and describe HSP change for RMNCH indicators, enabling multi-country comparisons.Methods: International experts worked with eight country teams to develop HSP tools via mixed methods. These tools assess RMNCH change over time (e.g. 1990-2015) and include: (i) Policy and Programme Timeline Tool (depicting change according to level of policy); (ii) Health Policy Tracer Indicators Dashboard (showing 11 selected RMNCH policies over time); (iii) Health Systems Tracer Indicators Dashboard (showing four selected systems indicators over time); and (iv) Programme implementation assessment. To illustrate these tools, we present results from Tanzania and Peru, two of eight Countdown case studies.Results: The Policy and Programme Timeline tool shows that Tanzania's RMNCH environment is complex, with increased funding and programmes for child survival, particularly primary-care implementation. Maternal health was prioritised since mid-1990s, yet with variable programme implementation, mainly targeting facilities. Newborn health only received attention since 2005, yet is rapidly scaling-up interventions at facility- and community-levels. Reproductive health lost momentum, with re-investment since 2010. Contrastingly, Peru moved from standalone to integrated RMNCH programme implementation, combined with multi-sectoral, anti-poverty strategies. The HSP Tracer Indicators Dashboards show that Peru has adopted nine of 11 policy tracer indicators and Tanzania has adopted seven. Peru costed national RMNCH plans pre-2000, whereas Tanzania developed a national RMNCH plan in 2006 but only costed the reproductive health component. Both countries included all lifesaving RMNCH commodities on their essential medicines lists. Peru has twice the health worker density of Tanzania (15.4 vs. 7.1/10,000 population, respectively), although both are below the 22.8 WHO minimum threshold.Conclusions: These are the first HSP tools using mixed methods to systematically analyse and describe RMNCH changes within and across countries, important in informing accelerated progress for ending preventable maternal, newborn and child mortality in the post-2015 era. SN - 1471-2458 AD - Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK AD - Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru AD - School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru AD - Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru AD - Independent consultant, London, UK AD - World Health Organisation, PO Box 9292, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania AD - US Agency for International Development, Bureau of Global Health, Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition, Washington DC, USA AD - Institute for Global Health, University College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK AD - Division of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK AD - Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organisation, Geneva 27 1211, Switzerland AD - Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, Geneva 27 1211, Switzerland U2 - PMID: 27634035. DO - 10.1186/s12889-016-3402-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=118052103&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - SHEN, ANGELA K. AU - CLAY, ROBERT AU - PABLOS-MENDEZ, ARIEL T1 - Global Immunization through the Lens of Development. JO - Public Health Reports JF - Public Health Reports Y1 - 2016/09/02/2016Supplement 3 VL - 129 M3 - Opinion SP - 4 EP - 6 SN - 00333549 AB - The author examines global immunization initiatives through the years. Topics include the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and its immunization coverage worldwide, the report "Enhancing the Work of the Department of Health and Human Services National Vaccine Program in Global Immunization: Recommendations of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee," and the Teachnology and Resources for Child Health (REACH) project. KW - ECONOMICS KW - HUMANITARIANISM KW - IMMUNIZATION KW - WORLD health KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 120432122; SHEN, ANGELA K. 1,2; Email Address: ashen@usaid.gov CLAY, ROBERT 1 PABLOS-MENDEZ, ARIEL 1; Affiliation: 1: U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC 2: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC; Source Info: 2016Supplement 3, Vol. 129, p4; Subject Term: ECONOMICS; Subject Term: HUMANITARIANISM; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION; Subject Term: WORLD health; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Opinion UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120432122&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN ID - 120432122 T1 - Global Immunization through the Lens of Development. AU - SHEN, ANGELA K. AU - CLAY, ROBERT AU - PABLOS-MENDEZ, ARIEL Y1 - 2016/09/02/2016Supplement 3 N1 - Accession Number: 120432122. Language: English. Entry Date: 20170104. Revision Date: 20170104. Publication Type: Opinion. Supplement Title: 2016Supplement 3. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. NLM UID: 9716844. KW - Immunization KW - World Health KW - Economics KW - Humanitarian Aid KW - United States SP - 4 EP - 6 JO - Public Health Reports JF - Public Health Reports JA - PUBLIC HEALTH REP VL - 129 PB - Sage Publications Inc. SN - 0033-3549 AD - U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=120432122&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2016-41562-001 AN - 2016-41562-001 AU - Boyee, Dorica AU - Peacock, Erin AU - Plotkin, Marya AU - Hellar, Augustino AU - Mahler, Hally AU - Edouard, Elizabeth AU - Kisendi, Renatus AU - Mlanga, Erick AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Andrinopoulos, Katherine T1 - What messages are adolescent voluntary medical male circumcision (vmmc) clients getting and how? Findings from an observational study in tanzania. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2016/08/24/ CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - Boyee, Dorica, Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania N1 - Accession Number: 2016-41562-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Boyee, Dorica; Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Release Date: 20160829. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Language: English. Major Descriptor: No terms assigned. Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200). Copyright Statement: The Author(s). 2016. AB - Uncircumcised adolescent males in sub-Saharan Africa are an important group to reach with voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services due to high HIV burden occurring among this age group. Appropriateness of the content and delivery of sexual health and HIV prevention messages to adolescent VMMC clients has not been extensively described. A study was conducted in Tanzania to examine quality, delivery and content of messages provided to adolescent (aged 15–19) and adult (aged 20+) VMMC clients (n = 320). Results show that counseling of mixed age groups during group education lacked selected key messages, compared to more age-homogeneous groups. Additionally, adolescents received more comprehensive information in individual counseling compared to group education. We recommend that health care providers are provided with skills and job aides to assist them to segment VMMC clients by age; provide age-appropriate messages; and increase use of individual counseling as a means to communicate with adolescent clients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Adolescent males KW - Voluntary medical male circumcision KW - HIV prevention KW - Sexual health KW - Counseling KW - 2016 KW - No terms assigned KW - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s10461-016-1515-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-41562-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - dorica.boyee@jhpiego.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2016-40518-001 AN - 2016-40518-001 AU - McMahon, Shannon A. AU - Kennedy, Caitlin E. AU - Winch, Peter J. AU - Kombe, Miriam AU - Killewo, Japhet AU - Kilewo, Charles T1 - Stigma, facility constraints, and personal disbelief: Why women disengage from hiv care during and after pregnancy in morogoro region, tanzania. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2016/08/17/ CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - McMahon, Shannon A., Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, US N1 - Accession Number: 2016-40518-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: McMahon, Shannon A.; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, US. Release Date: 20160822. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Language: English. Major Descriptor: No terms assigned. Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200). Copyright Statement: Springer Science+Business Media New York. 2016. AB - Millions of children are living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, and the primary mode of these childhood infections is mother-to-child transmission. While existing interventions can virtually eliminate such transmission, in low- and middle-income settings, only 63 % of pregnant women living with HIV accessed medicines necessary to prevent transmission. In Tanzania, HIV prevalence among pregnant women is 3.2 %. Understanding why HIV-positive women disengage from care during and after pregnancy can inform efforts to reduce the impact of HIV on mothers and young children. Informed by the tenets of Grounded Theory, we conducted qualitative interviews with 40 seropositive postpartum women who had disengaged from care to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Nearly all women described antiretroviral treatment (ART) as ultimately beneficial but effectively inaccessible given concerns related to stigma. Many women also described how their feelings of health and vitality coupled with concerns about side effects underscored a desire to forgo ART until they deemed it immediately necessary. Relatively fewer women described not knowing or forgetting that they needed to continue their treatment regimens. We present a theory of PMTCT disengagement outlining primary and ancillary barriers. This study is among the first to examine disengagement by interviewing women who had actually discontinued care. We urge that a combination of intervention approaches such as mother-to-mother support groups, electronic medical records with same-day tracing, task shifting, and mobile technology be adapted, implemented, and evaluated within the Tanzanian setting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV KW - Prevention of maternal-to-child transmission KW - Vertical transmission KW - Maternal health KW - Engagement in care KW - Tanzania KW - VIH KW - Prevención de la transmisión materno infantil KW - Transmisión vertical KW - Salud materna KW - Participación en la atención médica KW - 2016 KW - No terms assigned KW - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s10461-016-1505-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-40518-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - shannon.mcmahon@jhu.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birhanu, Zewdie AU - Abebe, Lakew AU - Sudhakar, Morankar AU - Dissanayake, Gunawardena AU - Yihdego, Yemane Ye-ebiyo AU - Alemayehu, Guda AU - Yewhalaw, Delenasaw T1 - Malaria Related Perceptions, Care Seeking after Onset of Fever and Anti-Malarial Drug Use in Malaria Endemic Settings of Southwest Ethiopia. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/08/12/ VL - 11 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Prompt care seeking and appropriate use of anti-malarial drugs are critical components of malaria prevention and control. This study assessed malaria related perceptions, care seeking behavior and anti-malarial drug use in malaria endemic settings of Ethiopia. Methods: Data were generated from a community based cross-sectional study conducted among 798 households during January 2014 as part of a larger household behavioral study in three malaria endemic districts of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and STATA 12.0. Results: In this study, only 76.1% of the respondents associated malaria to mosquito bite, and incorrect beliefs and perceptions were noted. Despite moderate level of knowledge (estimated mean = 62.2, Std Err = 0.7, 95% CI: 60.6–63.8%), quite high favorable attitude (overall estimated mean = 91.5, Std Err = 0.6, 95% CI: 90.1–92.9%) were recorded towards malaria preventive measures. The mean attitude score for prompt care seeking, appropriate use of anti-malarial drugs, LLIN use and Indoor Residual Spray acceptance was 98.5 (Std Err = 0.4, 95% CI:97.5–99.4), 92.7 (Std Err = 0.6 95% CI:91.5–93.9), 88.8 (Std Err = 0.5, 95% CI:85.5–92.1) and 86.5 (Std Err = 1.2, 95% CI: 83.9–89.1), respectively. The prevalence of fever was 2.9% (116/4107) and of the study participants with fever, 71.9% (95% CI: 65.5–78.3%) sought care and all of them consulted formal health care system. However, only 17 (19.8%) sought care within 24 hours after onset of fever. The frequency of care seeking was higher (77.8%, n = 21/27) and more prompt (28.6%, 6/21) for children under five as compared to old age groups despite it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, higher median time of seeking first care was observed among Muslims and people who did not attend school (p < 0.05). Of those who used anti-malarial drugs, 9.1% indicated that they used it inappropriately through saving and/or sharing. Irregular availability of anti-malarial drugs; irregular presence of frontline health workers and misconceptions were mentioned to contribute to delayed care seeking and irrational use of anti-malarial drugs. Conclusions: Although care seeking behavior for febrile illness was quite high in this community, the habit of prompt care seeking was very limited. Thus, malaria prevention and control programs need to take into account local misconceptions and wrong perceptions, and health system factors to achieve optimal health seeking behavior in such malaria endemic settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - MALARIA KW - ANTIMALARIALS KW - FEVER KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - TREATMENT KW - ETHIOPIA KW - Africa KW - Agriculture KW - Agrochemicals KW - Antimalarials KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Diagnostic medicine KW - Drug therapy KW - Drugs KW - Ethiopia KW - Fevers KW - Geographical locations KW - Insecticides KW - Malaria KW - Malarial parasites KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Organisms KW - Parasitic diseases KW - Parasitic protozoans KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Pharmaceutics KW - Pharmacology KW - Protozoans KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research Article KW - Signs and symptoms KW - Tropical diseases N1 - Accession Number: 117450423; Birhanu, Zewdie 1; Email Address: zbkoricha@yahoo.com Abebe, Lakew 1 Sudhakar, Morankar 1 Dissanayake, Gunawardena 2 Yihdego, Yemane Ye-ebiyo 3 Alemayehu, Guda 2 Yewhalaw, Delenasaw 4,5; Affiliation: 1: Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia 2: President’s Malaria Initiative, United States Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3: Abt Associates, Africa Indoor Residual Spraying, Accra, Ghana 4: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia 5: Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Source Info: 8/12/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: ANTIMALARIALS; Subject Term: FEVER; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Agrochemicals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antimalarials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drug therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drugs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethiopia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fevers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insecticides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malarial parasites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasitic diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasitic protozoans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmaceutics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmacology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protozoans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signs and symptoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160234 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117450423&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gashu, Zewdu AU - Jerene, Degu AU - Ensermu, Mitiku AU - Habte, Dereje AU - Melese, Muluken AU - Hiruy, Nebiyu AU - Shibeshi, Endale AU - Hamusse, Shallo D. AU - Nigussie, G. AU - Girma, B. AU - Kassie, Yewulsew AU - Haile, Yared Kebede AU - Suarez, Pedro T1 - The Yield of Community-Based “Retrospective” Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in a High Burden Setting in Ethiopia. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/08/02/ VL - 11 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Objective: To determine the yield and determinants of retrospective TB contact investigation in selected zones in Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted during June-October 2014.Trained lay providers performed symptom screening for close contacts of index cases with all types of TB registered for anti-TB treatment within the last three years. We used logistic regression to determine factors associated with TB diagnosis among the contacts. Results: Of 272,441 close contacts of 47, 021 index cases screened, 13,886 and 2, 091 had presumptive and active TB respectively. The yield of active TB was thus 768/100, 000, contributing 25.4% of the 7,954 TB cases reported from the study zones over the study period. The yield was highest among workplace contacts (12,650/100, 000). Active TB was twice more likely among contacts whose index cases had been registered for TB treatment within the last 12 months compared with those who had been registered 24 or more months earlier (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.77 95% CI 1.42–2.21). Sex or clinical type of TB in index cases was not associated with the yield. Smear negative (SS-) index cases (AOR: 1.74 955 CI 1.13–2.68), having index cases who registered for treatment within <12 months (AOR: 2.41 95% CI 1.51–3.84) and being household contact (AOR: 0.072 95% CI 0.01–0.52) were associated with the occurrence of active TB in children. Conclusions: The yield of retrospective contact investigation was about six times the case notification in the study zones, contributing a fourth of all TB cases notified over the same period. The yield was highest among workplace contacts and in those with recent past history of contact. Retrospective contact screening can serve as additional strategy to identify high risk groups not addressed through currently recommended screening approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis KW - TUBERCULOSIS in children KW - CROSS-sectional method KW - ETHIOPIA KW - Africa KW - Anatomy KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Body fluids KW - Cancer treatment KW - Coughing KW - Diagnostic medicine KW - Ethiopia KW - Geographical locations KW - Health screening KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Mucus KW - Oncology KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Physiological processes KW - Physiology KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Signs and symptoms KW - Specimen preparation and treatment KW - Sputum KW - Tropical diseases KW - Tuberculosis KW - Tuberculosis diagnosis and management N1 - Accession Number: 117146285; Gashu, Zewdu 1; Email Address: zewdugashudememew@yahoo.com Jerene, Degu 1 Ensermu, Mitiku 1 Habte, Dereje 1 Melese, Muluken 1 Hiruy, Nebiyu 1 Shibeshi, Endale 1 Hamusse, Shallo D. 2 Nigussie, G. 3 Girma, B. 1 Kassie, Yewulsew 4 Haile, Yared Kebede 4 Suarez, Pedro 5; Affiliation: 1: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2: Oromia regional Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3: Amhara regional Health Bureau, Bahirdar, Ethiopia 4: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5: Management Sciences for Health, Center for Health Services, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America; Source Info: 8/2/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS in children; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterial diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Body fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cancer treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coughing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethiopia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health screening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mucus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oncology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physiological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signs and symptoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Specimen preparation and treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sputum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis diagnosis and management; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160514 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117146285&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mishra, Sharmistha AU - Boily, Marie-Claude AU - Schwartz, Sheree AU - Beyrer, Chris AU - Blanchard, James F. AU - Moses, Stephen AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Phaswana-Mafuya, Nancy AU - Vickerman, Peter AU - Drame, Fatou AU - Alary, Michel AU - Baral, Stefan D. T1 - Data and methods to characterize the role of sex work and to inform sex work programs in generalized HIV epidemics: evidence to challenge assumptions. JO - Annals of Epidemiology JF - Annals of Epidemiology Y1 - 2016/08// VL - 26 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 557 EP - 569 SN - 10472797 AB - In the context of generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, there has been limited recent investment in HIV surveillance and prevention programming for key populations including female sex workers. Often implicit in the decision to limit investment in these epidemic settings are assumptions including that commercial sex is not significant to the sustained transmission of HIV, and HIV interventions designed to reach "all segments of society" will reach female sex workers and clients. Emerging empiric and model-based evidence is challenging these assumptions. This article highlights the frameworks and estimates used to characterize the role of sex work in HIV epidemics as well as the relevant empiric data landscape on sex work in generalized HIV epidemics and their strengths and limitations. Traditional approaches to estimate the contribution of sex work to HIV epidemics do not capture the potential for upstream and downstream sexual and vertical HIV transmission. Emerging approaches such as the transmission population attributable fraction from dynamic mathematical models can address this gap. To move forward, the HIV scientific community must begin by replacing assumptions about the epidemiology of generalized HIV epidemics with data and more appropriate methods of estimating the contribution of unprotected sex in the context of sex work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Annals of Epidemiology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - PROSTITUTION KW - HEALTH programs KW - EPIDEMICS KW - PROSTITUTES KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - Generalized HIV epidemics KW - HIV KW - Mathematical models KW - Population attributable fraction KW - Sex work KW - Sub-Saharan Africa N1 - Accession Number: 117555855; Mishra, Sharmistha 1,2 Boily, Marie-Claude 2 Schwartz, Sheree 3 Beyrer, Chris 3 Blanchard, James F. 4 Moses, Stephen 4 Castor, Delivette 5 Phaswana-Mafuya, Nancy 6 Vickerman, Peter 7 Drame, Fatou 8 Alary, Michel 9 Baral, Stefan D. 3; Email Address: sbaral@jhu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, UK 3: Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 4: Centre for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada 5: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 6: HIV/AIDS, STI, and Tuberculosis Department, Human Sciences Research Council, Port Elizabeth, South Africa 7: School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol University, Bristol, UK 8: Department of Geography, Université Gaston-Berger, St. Louis, Senegal 9: Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p557; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: PROSTITUTION; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: PROSTITUTES; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Transmission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Generalized HIV epidemics; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population attributable fraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sex work; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-Saharan Africa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.06.004 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117555855&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 117555855 T1 - Data and methods to characterize the role of sex work and to inform sex work programs in generalized HIV epidemics: evidence to challenge assumptions. AU - Mishra, Sharmistha AU - Boily, Marie-Claude AU - Schwartz, Sheree AU - Beyrer, Chris AU - Blanchard, James F. AU - Moses, Stephen AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Phaswana-Mafuya, Nancy AU - Vickerman, Peter AU - Drame, Fatou AU - Alary, Michel AU - Baral, Stefan D. Y1 - 2016/08// N1 - Accession Number: 117555855. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160824. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. NLM UID: 9100013. SP - 557 EP - 569 JO - Annals of Epidemiology JF - Annals of Epidemiology JA - ANN EPIDEMIOL VL - 26 IS - 8 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science AB - In the context of generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, there has been limited recent investment in HIV surveillance and prevention programming for key populations including female sex workers. Often implicit in the decision to limit investment in these epidemic settings are assumptions including that commercial sex is not significant to the sustained transmission of HIV, and HIV interventions designed to reach "all segments of society" will reach female sex workers and clients. Emerging empiric and model-based evidence is challenging these assumptions. This article highlights the frameworks and estimates used to characterize the role of sex work in HIV epidemics as well as the relevant empiric data landscape on sex work in generalized HIV epidemics and their strengths and limitations. Traditional approaches to estimate the contribution of sex work to HIV epidemics do not capture the potential for upstream and downstream sexual and vertical HIV transmission. Emerging approaches such as the transmission population attributable fraction from dynamic mathematical models can address this gap. To move forward, the HIV scientific community must begin by replacing assumptions about the epidemiology of generalized HIV epidemics with data and more appropriate methods of estimating the contribution of unprotected sex in the context of sex work. SN - 1047-2797 AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada AD - Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, UK AD - Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD AD - Centre for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada AD - Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC AD - HIV/AIDS, STI, and Tuberculosis Department, Human Sciences Research Council, Port Elizabeth, South Africa AD - School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol University, Bristol, UK AD - Department of Geography, Université Gaston-Berger, St. Louis, Senegal AD - Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, Canada U2 - PMID: 27421700. DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.06.004 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=117555855&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Neufeld, L. M. AU - Aaron, G. J. AU - Garrett, G. S. AU - Baker, S. K. AU - Dary, O. AU - Van Ameringen, M. T1 - Food fortification for impact: a data-driven approach. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2016/08// VL - 94 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 631 EP - 632 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - The article offers perspective on the fortification of staple foods by the addition of vitamins/or minerals at processing. It considers food fortification as a cost-effective public health intervention and emphasizes the need to strengthen monitoring of compliance and enforcement of regulations, as well as the importance of identifying dietary nutrient gaps. Initiatives for the generation and use of evidence for program decision-making in nutrition and food fortification are discussed. KW - ENRICHED foods KW - MEDICAL care KW - NUTRITION KW - PATIENTS KW - POLICY sciences KW - WORLD health KW - DECISION making in clinical medicine KW - AFRICA KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 117198032; Neufeld, L. M. 1; Email Address: neufeld@gainhealth.org Aaron, G. J. 1 Garrett, G. S. 1 Baker, S. K. 2 Dary, O. 3 Van Ameringen, M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, PO Box 55, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland 2: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, United States of America (USA) 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 94 Issue 8, p631; Subject Term: ENRICHED foods; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: NUTRITION; Subject Term: PATIENTS; Subject Term: POLICY sciences; Subject Term: WORLD health; Subject Term: DECISION making in clinical medicine; Subject Term: AFRICA; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.15.164756 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117198032&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 117198032 T1 - Food fortification for impact: a data-driven approach. AU - Neufeld, L. M. AU - Aaron, G. J. AU - Garrett, G. S. AU - Baker, S. K. AU - Dary, O. AU - Van Ameringen, M. Y1 - 2016/08// N1 - Accession Number: 117198032. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160808. Revision Date: 20160812. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Food, Fortified -- Analysis KW - World Health Organization KW - Nutrition KW - Policy Making KW - World Health KW - Decision Making, Clinical KW - Africa KW - Patient Care SP - 631 EP - 632 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 94 IS - 8 PB - World Health Organization SN - 0042-9686 AD - Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, PO Box 55, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland AD - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, United States of America (USA) AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, USA DO - 10.2471/BLT.15.164756 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=117198032&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Habte, Dereje AU - Melese, Muluken AU - Hiruy, Nebiyu AU - Gashu, Zewdu AU - Jerene, Degu AU - Moges, Feleke AU - Yifru, Sisay AU - Girma, Belaineh AU - Kassie, Yewulsew AU - Haile, Yared Kebede AU - Suarez, Pedro Guillermo AU - Tessema, Belay T1 - The additional yield of GeneXpert MTB/RIF test in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among household contacts of smear positive TB cases. JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2016/08// VL - 49 M3 - Article SP - 179 EP - 184 SN - 12019712 AB - Objective The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of GeneXpert MTB/RIF with Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) sputum smear microscopy among index TB cases and their household contacts. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among sputum smear positive index TB cases and their household contacts in Northern Ethiopia. Results Of 353 contacts screened, 41 (11%) were found to have presumptive TB. GeneXpert test done among 39 presumptive TB cases diagnosed 14 (35.9%) cases of TB (one being rifampicin resistant), whereas the number of TB cases diagnosed by microscopy was only 5 (12.8%): a 64.3% increased positivity rate by GeneXpert versus ZN microscopy. The number needed to screen and number needed to test to diagnose a single case of TB was significantly lower with the use of GeneXpert than ZN microscopy. Of 119 index TB cases, GeneXpert test revealed that 106 (89.1%) and 5 (4.2%) were positive for rifampicin sensitive and rifampicin resistant TB, respectively. Conclusion GeneXpert test led to increased TB case detection among household contacts in addition to its advantage in the diagnosis of Rifampicin resistance among contacts and index TB cases. There should be a consideration in using GeneXpert MTB/RIF as a point of care TB testing tool among high risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis KW - ZIEHL-Neelsen stain KW - MEDICAL screening KW - RIFAMPIN KW - CROSS-sectional method KW - THERAPEUTIC use KW - ETHIOPIA KW - Ethiopia KW - GeneXpert KW - Household contact KW - Tuberculosis N1 - Accession Number: 117159492; Habte, Dereje 1; Email Address: derejehabte@yahoo.com Melese, Muluken 1 Hiruy, Nebiyu 1 Gashu, Zewdu 1 Jerene, Degu 1 Moges, Feleke 2 Yifru, Sisay 3 Girma, Belaineh 4 Kassie, Yewulsew 5 Haile, Yared Kebede 5 Suarez, Pedro Guillermo 6 Tessema, Belay 2; Affiliation: 1: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia 3: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia 4: Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, National Tuberculosis Program, Lilongwe, Malawi 5: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 6: Management Sciences for Health, Health Programs Group, Arlington, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 49, p179; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: ZIEHL-Neelsen stain; Subject Term: MEDICAL screening; Subject Term: RIFAMPIN; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethiopia; Author-Supplied Keyword: GeneXpert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Household contact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621999 All Other Miscellaneous Ambulatory Health Care Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.07.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117159492&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Willilo, Ritha A. AU - Molteni, Fabrizio AU - Mandike, Renata AU - Mugalura, Frances E. AU - Mutafungwa, Anold AU - Thadeo, Adella AU - Benedictor, Edwin AU - Kafuko, Jessica M. AU - Kaspar, Naomi AU - Ramsan, Mahdi M. AU - Mwaipape, Osia AU - McElroy, Peter D. AU - Gutman, Julie AU - Colaco, Rajeev AU - Reithinger, Richard AU - Ngondi, Jeremiah M. T1 - Pregnant women and infants as sentinel populations to monitor prevalence of malaria: results of pilot study in Lake Zone of Tanzania. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2016/07/29/ VL - 15 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: As malaria control interventions are scaled-up, rational approaches are needed for monitoring impact over time. One proposed approach includes monitoring the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women and children at the time of routine preventive health facility (HF) visits. This pilot explored the feasibility and utility of tracking the prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women attending their first antenatal care (ANC) visit and infants presenting at 9–12 months of age for measles vaccination. Methods: Pregnant women attending first ANC and infants nine to 12 months old presenting for measles vaccination at a non-probability sample of 54 HFs in Tanzania's Lake Zone (Mara, Mwanza and Kagera Regions) were screened for malaria infection using a malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) from December 2012 to November 2013, regardless of symptoms. Participants who tested positive were treated for malaria per national guidelines. Data were collected monthly. Results: Overall 89.9 and 78.1 % of expected monthly reports on malaria infection prevalence were received for pregnant women and infants, respectively. Among 51,467 pregnant women and 35,155 infants attending routine preventive HF visits, 41.2 and 37.3 % were tested with RDT, respectively. Malaria infection prevalence was 12.8 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 11.3–14.3] among pregnant women and 11.0 % (95 % CI 9.5–12.5) among infants, and varied by month. There was good correlation of the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women and infants at the HF level (Spearman rho = 0.6; p < 0.001). This approach is estimated to cost $1.28 for every person tested, with the RDT accounting for 72 % of the cost. Conclusions: Malaria infection was common and well correlated among pregnant women and infants attending routine health services. Routine screening of these readily accessible populations may offer a practical strategy for continuously tracking malaria trends, particularly seasonal variation. Positivity rates among afebrile individuals presenting for routine care offer an advantage as they are unaffected by the prevalence of other causes of febrile illness, which could influence positivity rates among febrile patients presenting to outpatient clinics. The data presented here suggest that in addition to contributing to clinical management, ongoing screening of pregnant women could be used for routine surveillance and detection of hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA in pregnancy KW - MOTHER & infant KW - HEALTH KW - PREGNANT women -- Medical care KW - PRENATAL care KW - SENTINEL health events KW - INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets KW - MEASLES -- Vaccination KW - MALARIA -- Diagnosis KW - Infants KW - Malaria surveillance KW - Pregnant women KW - Sentinel population KW - Tanzania N1 - Accession Number: 117118403; Willilo, Ritha A. 1; Email Address: rithawillilo@gmail.com Molteni, Fabrizio 2,3 Mandike, Renata 2 Mugalura, Frances E. 4 Mutafungwa, Anold 1 Thadeo, Adella 1 Benedictor, Edwin 1 Kafuko, Jessica M. 5 Kaspar, Naomi 6 Ramsan, Mahdi M. 1 Mwaipape, Osia 1 McElroy, Peter D. 7 Gutman, Julie 8 Colaco, Rajeev 9 Reithinger, Richard 9 Ngondi, Jeremiah M. 1; Affiliation: 1: RTI International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2: National Malaria Control Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 3: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 4: Sengerema Health Institute, Sengerema, Tanzania 5: President's Malaria Initiative/United States Agency for International Development, Abuja, Nigeria 6: President's Malaria Initiative/United States Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 7: President's Malaria Initiative and Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA 8: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 9: RTI international, Washington DC, USA; Source Info: 7/29/2016, Vol. 15, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA in pregnancy; Subject Term: MOTHER & infant; Subject Term: HEALTH; Subject Term: PREGNANT women -- Medical care; Subject Term: PRENATAL care; Subject Term: SENTINEL health events; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets; Subject Term: MEASLES -- Vaccination; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pregnant women; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sentinel population; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tanzania; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12936-016-1441-0 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117118403&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Chimbwandira, Frank AU - Mwandi, Zebedee AU - Matchere, Faustin AU - Schnure, Melissa AU - Reed, Jason AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Sgaier, Sema AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Malawi: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Focusing the Program by Client Age and Geography. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/07/13/ VL - 11 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in priority countries with high HIV prevalence and low male circumcision (MC) prevalence. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), an estimated 5.8 million males had undergone VMMC by the end of 2013. Implementation experience has raised questions about the need to refocus VMMC programs on specific subpopulations for the greatest epidemiological impact and programmatic effectiveness. As Malawi prepared its national operational plan for VMMC, it sought to examine the impacts of focusing on specific subpopulations by age and region. Methods: We used the Decision Makers’ Program Planning Toolkit, Version 2.0, to study the impact of scaling up VMMC to different target populations of Malawi. National MC prevalence by age group from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey was scaled according to the MC prevalence for each district and then halved, to adjust for over-reporting of circumcision. In-country stakeholders advised a VMMC unit cost of $100, based on implementation experience. We derived a cost of $451 per patient-year for antiretroviral therapy from costs collected as part of a strategic planning exercise previously conducted in- country by UNAIDS. Results: Over a fifteen-year period, circumcising males ages 10–29 would avert 75% of HIV infections, and circumcising males ages 10–34 would avert 88% of infections, compared to the current strategy of circumcising males ages 15–49. The Ministry of Health’s South West and South East health zones had the lowest cost per HIV infection averted. Moreover, VMMC met WHO’s definition of cost-effectiveness (that is, the cost per disability-adjusted life-year [DALY] saved was less than three times the per capita gross domestic product) in all health zones except Central East. Comparing urban versus rural areas in the country, we found that circumcising men in urban areas would be both cost-effective and cost-saving, with a VMMC cost per DALY saved of $120 USD and with 15 years of VMMC implementation resulting in lifetime HIV treatment costs savings of $331 million USD. Conclusions: Based on the age analyses and programmatic experience, Malawi’s VMMC operational plan focuses on males ages 10–34 in all districts in the South East and South West zones, as well as Lilongwe (an urban district in the Central zone). This plan covers 14 of the 28 districts in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - COST effectiveness KW - HEALTH programs KW - GEOGRAPHY KW - MALAWI KW - Africa KW - Age groups KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Earth sciences KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Geographic areas KW - Geographical locations KW - Geography KW - HIV KW - HIV infections KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Malawi KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Rural areas KW - Social sciences KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Urban areas KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 116789851; Kripke, Katharine 1; Email Address: kkripke@avenirhealth.org Chimbwandira, Frank 2 Mwandi, Zebedee 3 Matchere, Faustin 4 Schnure, Melissa 5 Reed, Jason 6 Castor, Delivette 6 Sgaier, Sema 7,8 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6; Affiliation: 1: Health Policy Project, Avenir Health, Washington, DC, United States of America 2: Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi 3: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Lilongwe, Malawi 4: United States Department of Defense, Lilongwe, Malawi 5: Health Policy Project, Futures Group, Washington, DC, United States of America 6: USAID, Washington, DC, United States of America 7: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 8: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America; Source Info: 7/13/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHY; Subject Term: MALAWI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographic areas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geography; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malawi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rural areas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urban areas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0156521 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116789851&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Vazzano, Andrea AU - Kirungi, William AU - Musinguzi, Joshua AU - Opio, Alex AU - Ssempebwa, Rhobbinah AU - Nakawunde, Susan AU - Kyobutungi, Sheila AU - Akao, Juliet N. AU - Magala, Fred AU - Mwidu, George AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Modeling the Impact of Uganda’s Safe Male Circumcision Program: Implications for Age and Regional Targeting. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/07/13/ VL - 11 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Uganda aims to provide safe male circumcision (SMC) to 80% of men ages 15–49 by 2016. To date, only 2 million men have received SMC of the 4.2 million men required. In response to age and regional trends in SMC uptake, the country sought to re-examine its targets with respect to age and subnational region, to assess the program’s progress, and to refine the implementation approach. Methods and Findings: The Decision Makers’ Program Planning Tool, Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), was used in conjunction with incidence projections from the Spectrum/AIDS Impact Module (AIM) to conduct this analysis. Population, births, deaths, and HIV incidence and prevalence were used to populate the model. Baseline male circumcision prevalence was derived from the 2011 AIDS Indicator Survey. Uganda can achieve the most immediate impact on HIV incidence by circumcising men ages 20–34. This group will also require the fewest circumcisions for each HIV infection averted. Focusing on men ages 10–19 will offer the greatest impact over a 15-year period, while focusing on men ages 15–34 offers the most cost-effective strategy over the same period. A regional analysis showed little variation in cost-effectiveness of scaling up SMC across eight regions. Scale-up is cost-saving in all regions. There is geographic variability in program progress, highlighting two regions with low baseline rates of circumcision where additional efforts will be needed. Conclusion: Focusing SMC efforts on specific age groups and regions may help to accelerate Uganda’s SMC program progress. Policy makers in Uganda have already used model outputs in planning efforts, proposing males ages 10–34 as a priority group for SMC in the 2014 application to the Global Fund’s new funding model. As scale-up continues, the country should also consider a greater effort to expand SMC in regions with low MC prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HEALTH programs KW - AGE KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - COST effectiveness KW - UGANDA KW - Africa KW - Age groups KW - Antiretroviral therapy KW - Antiviral therapy KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Epidemiology KW - Geographical locations KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV infections KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Immunology KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Social sciences KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Uganda KW - Vaccination and immunization KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses N1 - Accession Number: 116789862; Kripke, Katharine 1; Email Address: kkripke@avenirhealth.org Vazzano, Andrea 2 Kirungi, William 3 Musinguzi, Joshua 3 Opio, Alex 3 Ssempebwa, Rhobbinah 4 Nakawunde, Susan 4 Kyobutungi, Sheila 4 Akao, Juliet N. 5 Magala, Fred 6 Mwidu, George 6 Castor, Delivette 7 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 7; Affiliation: 1: Health Policy Project, Avenir Health, Washington, D.C., United States of America 2: Health Policy Project, Futures Group, Washington, D.C., United States of America 3: Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda 4: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Kampala, Uganda 5: U.S. Department of Defense, Kampala, Uganda 6: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda 7: USAID, Washington, D.C., United States of America; Source Info: 7/13/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: AGE; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: UGANDA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uganda; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccination and immunization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0158693 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116789862&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Okello, Velephi AU - Maziya, Vusi AU - Benzerga, Wendy AU - Mirira, Munamato AU - Gold, Elizabeth AU - Schnure, Melissa AU - Sgaier, Sema AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Reed, Jason AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Swaziland: Modeling the Impact of Age Targeting. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/07/13/ VL - 11 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention has been a priority for Swaziland since 2009. Initially focusing on men ages 15–49, the Ministry of Health reduced the minimum age for VMMC from 15 to 10 years in 2012, given the existing demand among 10- to 15-year-olds. To understand the implications of focusing VMMC service delivery on specific age groups, the MOH undertook a modeling exercise to inform policy and implementation in 2013–2014. Methods and Findings: The impact and cost of circumcising specific age groups were assessed using the Decision Makers’ Program Planning Tool, Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), a simple compartmental model. We used age-specific HIV incidence from the Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS). Population, mortality, births, and HIV prevalence were imported from a national Spectrum/Goals model recently updated in consultation with country stakeholders. Baseline male circumcision prevalence was derived from the most recent Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey. The lowest numbers of VMMCs per HIV infection averted are achieved when males ages 15–19, 20–24, 25–29, and 30–34 are circumcised, although the uncertainty bounds for the estimates overlap. Circumcising males ages 25–29 and 20–24 provides the most immediate reduction in HIV incidence. Circumcising males ages 15–19, 20–24, and 25–29 provides the greatest magnitude incidence reduction within 15 years. The lowest cost per HIV infection averted is achieved by circumcising males ages 15–34: $870 U.S. dollars (USD). Conclusions: The potential impact, cost, and cost-effectiveness of VMMC scale-up in Swaziland are not uniform. They vary by the age group of males circumcised. Based on the results of this modeling exercise, the Ministry of Health’s Swaziland Male Circumcision Strategic and Operational Plan 2014–2018 adopted an implementation strategy that calls for circumcision to be scaled up to 50% coverage for neonates, 80% among males ages 10–29, and 55% among males ages 30–34. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - DISEASE incidence KW - COST effectiveness KW - STAKEHOLDERS KW - SWAZILAND KW - Africa KW - Age groups KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Circumcision for HIV prevention KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Geographical locations KW - HIV KW - HIV infections KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Social sciences KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Swaziland KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses N1 - Accession Number: 116789890; Kripke, Katharine 1; Email Address: kkripke@avenirhealth.org Okello, Velephi 2 Maziya, Vusi 2 Benzerga, Wendy 3 Mirira, Munamato 3 Gold, Elizabeth 4 Schnure, Melissa 5 Sgaier, Sema 6,7 Castor, Delivette 8 Reed, Jason 8 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 9; Affiliation: 1: Health Policy Project, Avenir Health, Washington, DC, United States of America 2: Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Swaziland 3: U. S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Mbabane, Swaziland 4: Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, United States of America 5: Health Policy Project, the Palladium Group, Washington, DC, United States of America 6: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States of America 7: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America 8: Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD, United States of America 9: USAID, Washington, DC, United States of America; Source Info: 7/13/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: DISEASE incidence; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: STAKEHOLDERS; Subject Term: SWAZILAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision for HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Swaziland; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0156776 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116789890&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Opuni, Marjorie AU - Schnure, Melissa AU - Sgaier, Sema AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Reed, Jason AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Stover, John T1 - Age Targeting of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Programs Using the Decision Makers’ Program Planning Toolkit (DMPPT) 2.0. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/07/13/ VL - 11 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Despite considerable efforts to scale up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention in priority countries over the last five years, implementation has faced important challenges. Seeking to enhance the effect of VMMC programs for greatest and most immediate impact, the U. S. President’s Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported the development and application of a model to inform national planning in five countries from 2013–2014. Methods and Findings: The Decision Makers’ Program Planning Toolkit (DMPPT) 2.0 is a simple compartmental model designed to analyze the effects of client age and geography on program impact and cost. The DMPPT 2.0 model was applied in Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, and Uganda to assess the impact and cost of scaling up age-targeted VMMC coverage. The lowest number of VMMCs per HIV infection averted would be produced by circumcising males ages 20–34 in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda and males ages 15–34 in Swaziland. The most immediate impact on HIV incidence would be generated by circumcising males ages 20–34 in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda and males ages 20–29 in Swaziland. The greatest reductions in HIV incidence over a 15-year period would be achieved by strategies focused on males ages 10–19 in Uganda, 15–24 in Malawi and South Africa, 10–24 in Tanzania, and 15–29 in Swaziland. In all countries, the lowest cost per HIV infection averted would be achieved by circumcising males ages 15–34, although in Uganda this cost is the same as that attained by circumcising 15- to 49-year-olds. Conclusions: The efficiency, immediacy of impact, magnitude of impact, and cost-effectiveness of VMMC scale-up are not uniform; there is important variation by age group of the males circumcised and countries should plan accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - MEDICAL decision making KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - AGE KW - HEALTH planning KW - DISEASE incidence KW - Age groups KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Circumcision for HIV prevention KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Epidemiology KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV infections KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Social sciences KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses N1 - Accession Number: 116789894; Kripke, Katharine 1; Email Address: kkripke@avenirhealth.org Opuni, Marjorie 2 Schnure, Melissa 3 Sgaier, Sema 4,5 Castor, Delivette 6 Reed, Jason 6 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 7 Stover, John 8; Affiliation: 1: Health Policy Project, Avenir Health, Washington, DC, United States of America 2: United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Geneva, Switzerland 3: Health Policy Project, Futures Group, Washington, DC, United States of America 4: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States of America 5: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America 6: Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy, Washington, DC, United States of America 7: USAID, Washington, DC, United States of America 8: Health Policy Project, Avenir Health, Glastonbury, CT, United States of America; Source Info: 7/13/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: MEDICAL decision making; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: AGE; Subject Term: HEALTH planning; Subject Term: DISEASE incidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision for HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0156909 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116789894&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Stegman, Peter AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Mugurungi, Owen AU - Ncube, Gertrude AU - Xaba, Sinokuthemba AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Christensen, Alice AU - Stover, John T1 - Modeling Costs and Impacts of Introducing Early Infant Male Circumcision for Long-Term Sustainability of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/07/13/ VL - 11 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been shown to be an effective prevention strategy against HIV infection in males [–]. Since 2007, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has supported VMMC programs in 14 priority countries in Africa. Today several of these countries are preparing to transition their VMMC programs from a scale-up and expansion phase to a maintenance phase. As they do so, they must consider the best approaches to sustain high levels of male circumcision in the population. The two alternatives under consideration are circumcising adolescents 10–14 years old over the long term or integrating early infant male circumcision (EIMC) into maternal and child health programs. The paper presents an analysis, using the Decision Makers Program Planning Tool, Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), of the estimated cost and impact of introducing EIMC into existing VMMC programs in several countries in eastern and southern Africa. Limited cost data exist for the implementation of EIMC, but preliminary studies, such as the one detailed in Mangenah, et al. [–], suggest that the cost of EIMC may be less than that of adolescent and adult male circumcision. If this is the case, then adding EIMC to the VMMC program will increase the number of circumcisions that need to be performed but will not increase the total cost of the program over the long term. In addition, we found that a delayed or slow start-up of EIMC would not substantially reduce the impact of adding it to the program or increase cumulative long-term costs, which should make introduction of EIMC more feasible and attractive to countries contemplating such a program innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - SUSTAINABILITY KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - HEALTH programs KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - Adolescents KW - Africa KW - Age groups KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Child health KW - Circumcision KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Geographical locations KW - HIV KW - HIV infections KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - Pediatrics KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Social sciences KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses KW - Zimbabwe KW - UNITED States. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief N1 - Accession Number: 116789839; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 1; Email Address: enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov Stegman, Peter 2 Kripke, Katharine 2 Mugurungi, Owen 3 Ncube, Gertrude 3 Xaba, Sinokuthemba 3 Hatzold, Karin 4 Christensen, Alice 5 Stover, John 2; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States of America 2: Health Policy Project, Avenir Health, Glastonbury, CT, United States of America 3: Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe 4: Population Services International, Harare, Zimbabwe 5: AIDSFree Project, Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Source Info: 7/13/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: SUSTAINABILITY; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adolescents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Child health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pediatrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zimbabwe; Company/Entity: UNITED States. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0159167 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116789839&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rutenberg, Naomi AU - Tun, Waimar AU - Borse, Nagesh N. T1 - Lessons learned and study results from HIVCore: an HIV implementation science. JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2016/07/04/2016 Supplement 4 VL - 19 IS - Supp 4 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 4 SN - 17582652 AB - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the demand for and/or delivery of HIV treatment for adults and adolescents, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes and HIV prevention for young adults. KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - PREVENTION KW - VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) N1 - Accession Number: 117065632; Rutenberg, Naomi 1 Tun, Waimar 1; Email Address: wtun@popcouncil.org Borse, Nagesh N. 2; Affiliation: 1: HIV and AIDS Program, Population Council, Washington, DC, USA 2: Research Division, Office of HIV and AIDS, US Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2016 Supplement 4, Vol. 19 Issue Supp 4, p1; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.7448/IAS.19.5.21194 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117065632&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woelk, Godfrey B. AU - Ndatimana, Dieudonne AU - Behan, Sally AU - Mukaminega, Martha AU - Nyirabahizi, Epiphanie AU - Hoffman, Heather J. AU - Mugwaneza, Placidie AU - Ribakare, Muhayimpundu AU - Amzel, Anouk AU - Phelps, B. Ryan T1 - Retention of mothers and infants in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme is associated with individual and facility-level factors in Rwanda. JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2016/07/04/2016 Supplement 4 VL - 19 IS - Supp 4 M3 - Article SP - 5 EP - 15 SN - 17582652 AB - Objectives: Investigate levels of retention at specified time periods along the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) cascade among mother-infant pairs as well as individual- and facility-level factors associated with retention. Methods: A retrospective cohort of HIV-positive pregnant women and their infants attending five health centres from November 2010 to February 2012 in the Option B programme in Rwanda was established. Data were collected from several health registers and patient follow-up files. Additionally, informant interviews were conducted to ascertain health facility characteristics. Generalized estimating equation methods and modelling were utilized to estimate the number of mothers attending each antenatal care visit and assess factors associated with retention. Results: Data from 457 pregnant women and 462 infants were collected at five different health centres (three urban and two rural facilities). Retention at 30 days after registration and retention at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-delivery were analyzed. Based on an analytical sample of 348, we found that 58% of women and 81% of infants were retained in care within the same health facility at 12 months post-delivery, respectively. However, for mother-infant paired mothers, retention at 12 months was 74% and 79% for their infants. Loss to facility occurred early, with 26% to 33% being lost within 30 days post-registration. In a multivariable model retention was associated with being married, adjusted relative risk (ARR): 1.26, (95% confidence intervals: 1.11, 1.43); antiretroviral therapy eligible, ARR: 1.39, (1.12, 1.73) and CD4 count per 50 mm3, ARR: 1.02, (1.01, 1.03). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate varying retention levels among mother-infant pairs along the PMTCT cascade in addition to potential determinants of retention to such programmes. Unmarried, apparently healthy, HIV-positive pregnant women need additional support for programme retention. With the significantly increased workload resulting from lifelong antiretroviral treatment for all HIV-positive pregnant women, strategies need to be developed to identify, provide support and trace these women at risk of loss to follow-up. This study provides further evidence for the need for such a targeted supportive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the International AIDS Society is the property of International AIDS Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - PREVENTION KW - VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) KW - PREGNANT women KW - PRENATAL care KW - CONFIDENCE intervals KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - health facilities KW - mother-infant pairs KW - PMTCT KW - retention KW - Rwanda KW - sub-Sahara Africa N1 - Accession Number: 117065633; Woelk, Godfrey B. 1; Email Address: gwoelk@pedaids.org Ndatimana, Dieudonne 2 Behan, Sally 3 Mukaminega, Martha 2 Nyirabahizi, Epiphanie 1 Hoffman, Heather J. 3 Mugwaneza, Placidie 4 Ribakare, Muhayimpundu 4 Amzel, Anouk 5 Phelps, B. Ryan 5; Affiliation: 1: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, DC, USA 2: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Kigali, Rwanda 3: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA 4: Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda 5: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2016 Supplement 4, Vol. 19 Issue Supp 4, p5; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases); Subject Term: PREGNANT women; Subject Term: PRENATAL care; Subject Term: CONFIDENCE intervals; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: health facilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: mother-infant pairs; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMTCT; Author-Supplied Keyword: retention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rwanda; Author-Supplied Keyword: sub-Sahara Africa; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.7448/IAS.19.5.20837 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117065633&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Okoboi, Stephen AU - Ssali, Livingstone AU - Yansaneh, Aisha I. AU - Bakanda, Celestin AU - Birungi, Josephine AU - Nantume, Sophie AU - Lyavala Okullu, Joanne AU - Sharp, Alana R. AU - Moore, David M. AU - Kalibala, Samuel T1 - Factors associated with long-term antiretroviral therapy attrition among adolescents in rural Uganda: a retrospective study. JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2016/07/04/2016 Supplement 4 VL - 19 IS - Supp 4 M3 - Article SP - 16 EP - 22 SN - 17582652 AB - Introduction: As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases, the success of treatment programmes depends on ensuring high patient retention in HIV care. We examined retention and attrition among adolescents in ART programmes across clinics operated by The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) in Uganda, which has operated both facility- and community-based distribution models of ART delivery since 2004. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort analysis of patient-level clinical data, we examined attrition and retention in HIV care and factors associated with attrition among HIV-positive adolescents aged 10-19 years who initiated ART at 10 TASO clinics between January 2006 and December 2011. Retention in care was defined as the proportion of adolescents who had had at least one facility visit within the six months prior to 1 June 2013, and attrition was defined as the proportion of adolescents who died, were lost to follow-up, or stopped treatment. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the levels of retention in HIV care and the factors associated with attrition following ART initiation. Results: A total of 1228 adolescents began ART between 2006 and 2011, of whom 57% were female. The median duration in HIV care was four years (IQR = 3-6 years). A total of 792 (65%) adolescents were retained in care over the five-year period; 36 (3%) had died or transferred out and 400 (32%) were classified as loss to follow-up. Factors associated with attrition included being older (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.86), having a higher CD4 count (250+ cells/mm3) at treatment initiation (AHR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.34-0.69) and HIV care site with a higher risk of attrition among adolescents in Gulu (AHR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.27-4.02) and Masindi (AHR = 3.30, 95% CI 1.87-5.84) and a lower risk of attrition in Jinja (AHR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.70). Having an advanced WHO clinical stage at initiation was not associated with attrition. Conclusions: We found an overall retention rate of 65%, which is comparable to rates achieved by TASO's adult patients and adolescents in other studies in Africa. Variations in the risk of attrition by TASO treatment site and by clinical and demographic characteristics suggest the need for early diagnosis of HIV infection, use of innovative approaches to reach and retain adolescents living with HIV in treatment and identifying specific groups, such as older adolescents, that are at high risk of dropping out of treatment for targeted care and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the International AIDS Society is the property of International AIDS Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - COHORT analysis KW - REGRESSION analysis KW - HIV infections -- Risk factors KW - adolescents KW - antiretroviral therapy KW - attrition KW - community-based delivery KW - HIV treatment KW - retention KW - Uganda N1 - Accession Number: 117065634; Okoboi, Stephen 1; Email Address: okobois@tasouganda.org Ssali, Livingstone 1 Yansaneh, Aisha I. 2 Bakanda, Celestin 1 Birungi, Josephine 1 Nantume, Sophie 1 Lyavala Okullu, Joanne 1 Sharp, Alana R. 3 Moore, David M. 4,5 Kalibala, Samuel 6; Affiliation: 1: The AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Kampala, Uganda 2: Office of HIV/AIDS, Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Arlington, VA, USA 3: Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 4: BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada 5: Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 6: HIVCore/Population Council Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2016 Supplement 4, Vol. 19 Issue Supp 4, p16; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: COHORT analysis; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Risk factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: adolescents; Author-Supplied Keyword: antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: attrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: community-based delivery; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: retention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uganda; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.7448/IAS.19.5.20841 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117065634&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolf, R. Cameron AU - Adams, Darrin AU - Dayton, Robyn AU - Verster, Annette AU - Joe Wong AU - Romero, Marcela AU - Mazin, Rafael AU - Settle, Edmund AU - Sladden, Tim AU - Keatley, JoAnne T1 - Putting the t in tools: a roadmap for implementation of new global and regional transgender guidance. JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2016/07/02/2016 Supplement 2 VL - 19 IS - Supp 2 M3 - Article SP - 85 EP - 89 SN - 17582652 AB - Transgender (trans) activists and global health partners have collaborated to develop new tools and guidance for assessing and addressing HIV and other health needs within trans populations. Trans women experience a heavy burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), high incidence of violence and difficulties accessing gender-affirming services. At the same time, little has been published on trans men's health, HIV issues, needs and experiences. Young trans people are especially marginalized and vulnerable, with few programmes and services specifically tailored to their needs. Trans-specific data and guidance are needed to adapt the global response to HIV to meet the needs of the trans population. While the needs of this group have only recently received attention, global, regional and other technical guidance documents are being developed to address these gaps. Regional blueprints for comprehensive care for trans people in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia and the Pacific are now available. These tools - supported by the Pan American Health Organization,World Health Organization, US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the United Nations Development Programme, in collaboration with regional trans groups - provide a contextual map, indicating opportunities for interventions in health, HIV, violence, stigma and discrimination, social protection and human rights. Global guidance includes the World Health Organization's Policy Brief: Transgender People and HIV, and the interagency publication, Implementing Comprehensive HIV and STI Programmes with Transgender People. Community empowerment and capacity building are the focus of the new tools for global and regional transgender guidance. The goal is to strengthen and ensure community-led responses to the HIV challenge in trans populations. This article describes the new tools and guidance and considers the steps needed to use them to appropriately support and engage transgender populations within national AIDS, STI, and sexual and reproductive health responses and programmes. The time to use these tools and guidance for advocacy, strategic planning, capacity building, programme design and training is now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the International AIDS Society is the property of International AIDS Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TRANSGENDER activists KW - TRANSGENDER people KW - SEXUALLY transmitted diseases KW - HIV KW - MSM KW - regional blueprint KW - tools KW - Trans KW - transgender KW - TRANSIT KW - WORLD Health Organization KW - PAN American Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 117067655; Wolf, R. Cameron 1; Email Address: cwolf@usaid.gov Adams, Darrin 2 Dayton, Robyn 3 Verster, Annette 4 Joe Wong 5 Romero, Marcela 6 Mazin, Rafael 7 Settle, Edmund 8 Sladden, Tim 9 Keatley, JoAnne 10; Affiliation: 1: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 2: Key Populations Program, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 3: Linkages across the Continuum of HIV Services for Key Populations, FHI 360 Durham, NC, USA 4: Department of HIV/ AIDS,World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 5: Asia Pacific Transgender Network, Bangkok, Thailand 6: REDLACTRANS, Buenos Aires, Argentina 7: Pan American Health Organization,Washington, DC, USA 8: United Nations Development Programme, Bangkok, Thailand 9: United Nations Population Fund, New York, NY, USA 10: Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA; Source Info: 2016 Supplement 2, Vol. 19 Issue Supp 2, p85; Subject Term: TRANSGENDER activists; Subject Term: TRANSGENDER people; Subject Term: SEXUALLY transmitted diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSM; Author-Supplied Keyword: regional blueprint; Author-Supplied Keyword: tools; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trans; Author-Supplied Keyword: transgender; Author-Supplied Keyword: TRANSIT; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization Company/Entity: PAN American Health Organization; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.7448/IAS.19.3.20801 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117067655&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trail, Patrick AU - Abaye, Ozzie AU - Thomason, Wade E. AU - Thompson, Thomas L. AU - Gueye, Fatou AU - Diedhiou, Ibrahima AU - Diatta, Michel B. AU - Faye, Abdoulaye T1 - Evaluating Intercropping (Living Cover) and Mulching (Desiccated Cover) Practices for Increasing Millet Yields in Senegal. JO - Agronomy Journal JF - Agronomy Journal Y1 - 2016/07//Jul/Aug2016 VL - 108 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 1742 EP - 1752 SN - 00654663 AB - Located within the Sahel region, Senegal faces several agricultural production challenges. Limited rainfall, poor soil fertility, and insufficient agronomic inputs all contribute to low pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] yields. Th is study was initiated to assess the potential for increasing millet yields through intercropping (living cover) and mulching (desiccated cover) practices. During the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons, pearl millet was intercropped with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], or grown under mulch (neem [Azadirachta indica] leaves applied at 2 t ha-1). Field trials were conducted at two sites within Senegal's central millet- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) basin, in Bambey (14°41′38″ N, 16°28′12″ W) and Thies (14°45′45″ N, 16°53′14″ W). Soil moisture and plant N (based on the normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) were measured in addition to yield. When intercropped with a legume, millet grain yields increased up to 55% compared to millet alone. Th e combined grain yields under intercropping (millet + legume) were always higher than yields of millet alone, up to 67% in Bambey. Mulching increased soil moisture up to 14%, with yield increases of up to 70% over millet with no mulch. Plant N increased in both intercropped and mulched millet, with NDVI increases up to 21% with mulch and 16% when grown with a legume (prior to flowering). These yield increases were achieved using resources that are available and affordable to small-scale producers in the region (seeds and mulch), and did not require the addition of fertilizer inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Agronomy Journal is the property of American Society of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Millets KW - Mulching KW - Intercropping KW - Alternative grains KW - Cropping systems KW - Plant yields KW - Plant productivity N1 - Accession Number: 116775743; Trail, Patrick 1; Email Address: ptrail12@vt.edu; Abaye, Ozzie 1; Thomason, Wade E. 1; Thompson, Thomas L.; Gueye, Fatou 2; Diedhiou, Ibrahima 3; Diatta, Michel B. 4; Faye, Abdoulaye 4; Affiliations: 1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University (Virginia Tech) - Crop & Soil Environmental Sciences, 330 Smyth Hall, 185 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA 24061; 2: United States Agency for International Development - Education and Research in Senegal, BP 24690 Ouakam Rue 26 Ngor-Almadies , Dakar, Senegal; 3: Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Agronomie - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Thiès, Thiès, Senegal; 4: Institut Superieur de Formation Agricole et Rurale - Department of Plant Sciences, University of Thiès, Bambey, Senegal; Issue Info: Jul/Aug2016, Vol. 108 Issue 4, p1742; Thesaurus Term: Millets; Thesaurus Term: Mulching; Thesaurus Term: Intercropping; Thesaurus Term: Alternative grains; Thesaurus Term: Cropping systems; Subject Term: Plant yields; Subject Term: Plant productivity; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2134/agronj2015.0422 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116775743&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Collins, Pamela AU - Kondos, Leeza AU - Pillai, Aravind AU - Joestl, Sarah AU - Frohlich, Janet T1 - Passive Suicidal Ideation and Community Mental Health Resources in South Africa. JO - Community Mental Health Journal JF - Community Mental Health Journal Y1 - 2016/07// VL - 52 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 541 EP - 550 SN - 00103853 AB - South African communities continue to experience elevated incidence and prevalence of HIV infection. Passive suicidal ideation (PSI) may be one expression of distress in high prevalence communities. We report the prevalence of PSI and examine the relationship between PSI and participation in community organizations in a semi-rural sample of South African adults (N = 594). The prevalence of PSI in the 2 weeks prior to the interview was 9.1 %. Members of burial societies ( Χ = 7.34; p = 0.01) and stokvels ( Χ = 4.1; p = 0.04) (community-based savings groups) reported significantly less PSI compared to other respondents. Using a multivariate model adjusted for demographic characteristics, psychological distress, and socioeconomic status, we found lower odds of reporting PSI for members of burial societies (OR 0.48, CI 0.25 −0.91). Participation in community organizations that provide contextually salient resources in settings with high levels of distress may be a resource for mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Community Mental Health Journal is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Africa KW - Community mental health KW - Community resources KW - HIV/AIDS KW - Passive suicidal ideation N1 - Accession Number: 115995353; Collins, Pamela 1; Email Address: pamela.collins@nih.gov Kondos, Leeza 2; Email Address: lmkondos@gmail.com Pillai, Aravind 3; Email Address: ap2664@cumc.columbia.edu Joestl, Sarah 4; Email Address: sjoestl@cdc.gov Frohlich, Janet 5; Email Address: Janet.Frohlich@caprisa.org; Affiliation: 1: National Institute of Mental Health/NIH, Bethesda USA 2: Public Health Institute, Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development, Washington USA 3: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York USA 4: National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control, Hyattsville USA 5: Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban South Africa; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p541; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community mental health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV/AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Passive suicidal ideation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10597-016-0003-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115995353&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 115995353 T1 - Passive Suicidal Ideation and Community Mental Health Resources in South Africa. AU - Collins, Pamela AU - Kondos, Leeza AU - Pillai, Aravind AU - Joestl, Sarah AU - Frohlich, Janet Y1 - 2016/07// N1 - Accession Number: 115995353. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160615. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. NLM UID: 0005735. SP - 541 EP - 550 JO - Community Mental Health Journal JF - Community Mental Health Journal JA - COMMUNITY MENT HEALTH J VL - 52 IS - 5 CY - , PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 0010-3853 AD - National Institute of Mental Health/NIH, Bethesda USA AD - Public Health Institute, Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development, Washington USA AD - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York USA AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control, Hyattsville USA AD - Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban South Africa DO - 10.1007/s10597-016-0003-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=115995353&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alidina, Zainab AU - Colaco, Rajeev AU - Ali, Abdullah S. AU - Mcha, Juma H. AU - Mwalimu, Charles D. AU - Thawer, Narjis G. AU - Lalji, Shabbir AU - Mutagahywa, Joshua AU - Ramsan, Mahdi M. AU - Kafuko, Jessica M. AU - Kaspar, Naomi AU - Magesa, Stephen M. AU - Reithinger, Richard AU - Ngondi, Jeremiah M. T1 - Taking local ownership: government and household contribution to indoor residual spraying in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. JO - International Health (1876-3413) JF - International Health (1876-3413) Y1 - 2016/07// VL - 8 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 299 EP - 306 AB - Background: While donor funding is instrumental in initiation and implementation of malaria control efforts, national government contributions are key to local ownership and sustainability. This study explored in-kind contributions of local government and households towards the cost of indoor residual spraying (IRS) interventions in Tanzania. Methods: Data were collected through interviews with local government officials and technical teams in the IRS project. Household contribution was based on provision of water for IRS. Government contributions included government- provided warehouse and office space, vehicles, and staff labour. In-kind contributions were aggregated at the district, regional and national level. Calculations were based on proportion of total costs of IRS from 2010 to 2012. Results: The mainland government provided larger amounts of in-kind contribution in absolute value (mean of US$454 200) compared to Zanzibar (US$89 163). On average, in-kind contribution was 5.5% of total costs in Zanzibar and 2.9% in mainland. The proportion of government in-kind contribution was higher in Zanzibar versus the mainland (86% vs 50%) while household contribution was higher in mainland compared to Zanzibar (50% vs 14%). Conclusion: Government involvement, particularly through budgetary allocations and increased in-kind contribution, needs to be encouraged for malaria control efforts to be locally owned, managed and sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Health (1876-3413) is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GOVERNMENT ownership KW - SUSTAINABILITY KW - HOUSEHOLDS KW - SPRAYING KW - ECONOMIC aspects KW - ZANZIBAR KW - Cost analysis KW - Government contribution KW - Indoor residual spraying KW - Malaria control KW - Tanzania KW - Zanzibar KW - UNITED States. Internal Revenue Service N1 - Accession Number: 117150328; Alidina, Zainab 1; Email Address: zalidina@hotmail.co.uk Colaco, Rajeev 2 Ali, Abdullah S. 3 Mcha, Juma H. 3 Mwalimu, Charles D. 4 Thawer, Narjis G. 1 Lalji, Shabbir 1 Mutagahywa, Joshua 1 Ramsan, Mahdi M. 1 Kafuko, Jessica M. 5 Kaspar, Naomi 6 Magesa, Stephen M. 1 Reithinger, Richard 2 Ngondi, Jeremiah M. 1; Affiliation: 1: RTI International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2: RTI International, Washington DC, USA 3: Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania 4: National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 5: United States Agency for International Development/President's Malaria Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria 6: United States Agency for International Development/President's Malaria Initiative, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p299; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT ownership; Subject Term: SUSTAINABILITY; Subject Term: HOUSEHOLDS; Subject Term: SPRAYING; Subject Term: ECONOMIC aspects; Subject Term: ZANZIBAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Government contribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indoor residual spraying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tanzania; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zanzibar; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Internal Revenue Service; NAICS/Industry Codes: 814110 Private Households; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1093/inthealth/ihv066 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117150328&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roberts, A. J. AU - Funston, R. N. AU - Grings, E. E. AU - Petersen, M. K. T1 - TRIENNIAL REPRODUCTION SYMPOSIUM: Beef heifer development and lifetime productivity in rangeland-based production systems. JO - Journal of Animal Science JF - Journal of Animal Science Y1 - 2016/07// VL - 94 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 2705 EP - 2715 SN - 00218812 AB - Nutritional and environmental factors have been shown to cause epigenetic changes that influence characteristics of the offspring throughout life. In livestock, small differences in nutrition during gestation may alter lifetime production efficiency of offspring. Therefore, the potential for fetal programing should be considered when determining supplemental feeding strategies during gestation. For example, female offspring born to cows grazing dormant winter pasture supplemented with 1.1 kg/d of alfalfa hay during the last third of gestation were 10 kg heavier and had greater BCS at 5 yr of age than those from dams supplemented with 1.8 kg/d of alfalfa hay. These differences were beneficial for maintaining reproductive performance in offspring managed with fewer harvested feed inputs. Evaluation of female offspring from cows wintered on either low-quality or high-quality pasture for 30 to 45 d during the fifth to sixth month of gestation indicated a trend for longer duration of productivity in daughters from cows wintered on improved pasture. In recent studies comparing offspring from cows with or without protein supplementation while grazing dormant winter range during late gestation, heifers from proteinsupplemented dams had greater BW at weaning. This BW increase persisted throughout pregnancy and to subsequent calving, and pregnancy rates were greater in heifers from protein-supplemented dams. Heifers from protein-supplemented dams had lower G:F compared with heifers from unsupplemented dams. Therefore, in utero exposure to nutritionally limited environments (nonsupplemented dams) may promote greater feed efficiency in the heifer offspring later in life. Nutrition during postweaning development may also affect lifetime productivity. Heifers developed on low-quality native range with RUP supplementation had greater retention beyond 3 yr of age than cohorts developed in a feedlot with higher quality feed and greater ADG. Collectively, these examples show nutritional management strategies used during gestation and development may influence lifetime productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Animal Science is the property of American Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BEEF KW - HEIFERS KW - EPIGENETICS KW - GESTATIONAL age KW - FETAL development KW - RANGELANDS KW - fetal programing KW - lifetime productivity KW - nutritional supplementation N1 - Accession Number: 117242522; Roberts, A. J. 1; Email Address: andy.roberts@ars.usda.gov Funston, R. N. 2 Grings, E. E. 3,4 Petersen, M. K. 1; Affiliation: 1: USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT 59301 2: University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte 69101 3: South Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science, Brookings 57007 4: US Agency for International Development, Bureau for Food Security, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 94 Issue 7, p2705; Subject Term: BEEF; Subject Term: HEIFERS; Subject Term: EPIGENETICS; Subject Term: GESTATIONAL age; Subject Term: FETAL development; Subject Term: RANGELANDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: fetal programing; Author-Supplied Keyword: lifetime productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutritional supplementation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413160 Red meat and meat product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311614 Rendering and meat processing from carcasses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311612 Meat Processed from Carcasses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311611 Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112110 Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2527/jas2016-0435 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117242522&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2016-34634-011 AN - 2016-34634-011 AU - Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne AU - Green, Edward AU - Hallin, Mary T1 - Traditional healers and the 'Fast-Track' HIV response: Is success possible without them? JF - African Journal of AIDS Research JO - African Journal of AIDS Research JA - Afr J AIDS Res Y1 - 2016/07// VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 185 EP - 193 CY - South Africa PB - NISC Pty Ltd SN - 1608-5906 SN - 1727-9445 AD - Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne N1 - Accession Number: 2016-34634-011. PMID: 27399048 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne; Office of HIV and AIDS, Global Health Bureau, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20160808. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Faith Healing; HIV; Traditions. Classification: Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention (3300). Population: Human (10). Location: Africa. Methodology: Literature Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 9. Issue Publication Date: Jul, 2016. Copyright Statement: NISC (Pty) Ltd AB - The rapid scale-up of effective HIV prevention strategies is a central theme of the post-2015 health and development agenda. All major global HIV and AIDS funders have aligned their policies and plans to achieve sharp reductions in new HIV infections and reach epidemic control by 2030. In these 'fast-track' plans, increased antiretroviral treatment coverage and the attainment of viral suppression are pivotal, and there is firm recognition of the need for countries to mobilise more domestic resources and build stronger community clinic systems. There is little in these bold plans, however, to suggest that the now 30-year-old call by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other organisations to establish systematic collaborations with the traditional health sector will finally be heeded. In the context of sub-Saharan Africa’s HIV epidemic, a significant body of literature demonstrates the critical role that traditional healers can play in improving the success of health programmes, including those for HIV prevention. This paper provides a brief history of collaboration with traditional healers for HIV followed by a description of several successful collaborations and discussion of key elements for success. We argue that the traditional health sector is a major resource that has yet to be sufficiently mobilised against HIV. As we shift from a short-term HIV response to a longer-term and more sustainable response, there is an urgent need to accelerate efforts to leverage and partner with the hundreds of thousands of traditional health practitioners who are already providing health services in communities. Failure to better attune our work to the medical pluralism of communities affected by HIV will continue to hinder HIV programming success and help assure that ambitious post-2015 HIV prevention and control goals are not realised. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - collaboration KW - HIV/AIDS KW - sub-Saharan Africa KW - traditional healers KW - 2016 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Faith Healing KW - HIV KW - Traditions KW - 2016 DO - 10.2989/16085906.2016.1204329 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-34634-011&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - sleclerc-madlala@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mavhu, Webster AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Ncube, Getrude AU - Sinokuthemba Xaba AU - Madidi, Ngonidzashe AU - Keatinge, Jo AU - Dhodho, Efison AU - Samkange, Christopher A. AU - Mufuta Tshimanga AU - Tonderayi Mangwiro AU - Owen Mugurungi AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Cowan, Frances M. T1 - Safety and Acceptability of the PrePex Device When Used in Routine Male Circumcision Service Delivery During Active Surveillance in Zimbabwe. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2016/06/02/2016 Supplement 1 VL - 72 M3 - Article SP - S63 EP - S68 SN - 15254135 AB - Background: Male circumcision devices have the potential to accelerate voluntary medical male circumcision roll-out, with PrePex being one promising device. Here, we present findings on safety and acceptability from active surveillance of the implementation of PrePex among 1000 males circumcised in Zimbabwe. Methods: The first 1000 men consecutively circumcised using PrePex during routine service delivery were actively followed up. Outcome measures included PrePex uptake, attendance for postcircumcision visits, and adverse events (AEs). A survey was conducted among 500 consecutive active surveillance clients to assess acceptability and satisfaction with PrePex. Results: A total of 2156 men aged 18 years or older were circumcised across the 6 PrePex active surveillance sites. Of these, 1000 (46.4%) were circumcised using PrePex. Among them, 4 (0.4%) self-removals that required surgery (severe AEs) were observed. Six (0.6%) removals by providers (moderate AEs) did not require surgery. A further 280 (28%) AEs were mild or moderate pain during device removal. There were also 12 (1.2%) moderate AEs unrelated to pain. All AEs resolved without sequelae. There was high adherence to follow-up appointments, with 97.7% of clients attending the scheduled day 7 visit. Acceptability of PrePex was high among survey participants, 93% indicated willingness to recommend the device to peers. Of note, 95.8% of respondents reported experiencing pain when the device was being removed. Additionally, 85.2% reported experiencing odor while wearing the device or during removal. Conclusions: Active surveillance of the first 1000 men circumcised using PrePex suggests that the device is both safe and acceptable when used in routine service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - acceptability KW - male circumcision KW - PrePex KW - safety KW - Zimbabwe N1 - Accession Number: 117816373; Mavhu, Webster 1 Hatzold, Karin 2; Email Address: khatzold@psi-zim.co.zw Ncube, Getrude 3 Sinokuthemba Xaba 3 Madidi, Ngonidzashe 2 Keatinge, Jo 4 Dhodho, Efison 2 Samkange, Christopher A. 5 Mufuta Tshimanga 5 Tonderayi Mangwiro 5 Owen Mugurungi 3 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6 Cowan, Frances M. 1,7; Affiliation: 1: Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research (CeSHHAR), Harare, Zimbabwe 2: Population Services International, Harare, Zimbabwe 3: Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe 4: United States Agency for International Development, Harare, Zimbabwe 5: University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe 6: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 7: University College London, London, United Kingdom; Source Info: 2016 Supplement 1, Vol. 72, pS63; Author-Supplied Keyword: acceptability; Author-Supplied Keyword: male circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: PrePex; Author-Supplied Keyword: safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zimbabwe; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117816373&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 115382885 T1 - Double Burden of Undernutrition and Obesity in Palestinian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. AU - Massad, Salwa AU - Deckelbaum, Richard J. AU - Gebre-Medhin, Mehari AU - Holleran, Steve AU - Dary, Omar AU - Obeidi, Maysoun AU - Bordelois, Paula AU - Khammash, Umaiyeh Y1 - 2016/06// N1 - Accession Number: 115382885. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160830. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Asia; Biomedical. NLM UID: 7906418. SP - 144 EP - 152 JO - Food & Nutrition Bulletin JF - Food & Nutrition Bulletin JA - FOOD NUTR BULL VL - 37 IS - 2 PB - Sage Publications Inc. AB - Background: The coexistence of underweight and overweight (double burden) remains a major problem in many developing countries. Little is known about the factors associated with the double burden of malnutrition in Palestinian children.Objective: To assess factors associated with undernutrition and overnutrition in 1500 schoolchildren aged 5 to 16 years, in the West Bank.Methods: We surveyed a sample of 22 schools run by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and the Palestinian government. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with malnutrition. The hunger index, a composite score from 8 questions, was used to measure food insecurity.Results: In the 1484 children enrolled in UNRWA and government schools in the West Bank, the prevalence of stunting was 7% and underweight 3%. Around 12% of students were overweight and 6% obese. The hunger index was negatively associated with height for age. Factors associated with being underweight were male sex, mother being unemployed, and households not having enough food to eat for at least 2 days in the previous month. Factors associated with obesity were older age and time spent watching television. When overweight and obesity were combined in the analysis, they were inversely associated with increasing number of days spent playing sports.Conclusion: Our results show that the important nutritional risks for school-age children in the West Bank would seem to be the simultaneous occurrence of undernutrition and obesity. The study highlights the need to balance obesity management and prevention with interventions to tackle undernutrition. SN - 0379-5721 AD - Palestinian National Institute of Public Health and Juzoor for Health and Social Development, Ramallah, West Bank, Palestine AD - Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA AD - Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden AD - USAID Bureau of Global Health, Washington, DC, USA AD - UNICEF, Jerusalem, Palestine AD - Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA AD - Health Department, UNRWA, Jerusalem, Palestine U2 - PMID: 27026740. DO - 10.1177/0379572116637720 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=115382885&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 116097766 T1 - Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. AU - Moore, Steven C. AU - I-Min Lee AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete AU - Campbell, Peter T. AU - Sampson, Joshua N. AU - Kitahara, Cari M. AU - Keadle, Sarah K. AU - Arem, Hannah AU - de Gonzalez, Amy Berrington AU - Hartge, Patricia AU - Adami, Hans-Olov AU - Blair, Cindy K. AU - Borch, Kristin B. AU - Boyd, Eric AU - Check, David P. AU - Fournier, Agnès AU - Freedman, Neal D. AU - Gunter, Marc AU - Johannson, Mattias AU - Kay-Tee Khaw Y1 - 2016/06// N1 - Accession Number: 116097766. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160701. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 101589534. SP - 816 EP - 825 JO - JAMA Internal Medicine JF - JAMA Internal Medicine JA - JAMA INTERN MED VL - 176 IS - 6 CY - Chicago, Illinois PB - American Medical Association AB - Importance: Leisure-time physical activity has been associated with lower risk of heart-disease and all-cause mortality, but its association with risk of cancer is not well understood.Objective: To determine the association of leisure-time physical activity with incidence of common types of cancer and whether associations vary by body size and/or smoking.Design, Setting, and Participants: We pooled data from 12 prospective US and European cohorts with self-reported physical activity (baseline, 1987-2004). We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for associations of leisure-time physical activity with incidence of 26 types of cancer. Leisure-time physical activity levels were modeled as cohort-specific percentiles on a continuous basis and cohort-specific results were synthesized by random-effects meta-analysis. Hazard ratios for high vs low levels of activity are based on a comparison of risk at the 90th vs 10th percentiles of activity. The data analysis was performed from January 1, 2014, to June 1, 2015.Exposures: Leisure-time physical activity of a moderate to vigorous intensity.Main Outcomes and Measures: Incident cancer during follow-up.Results: A total of 1.44 million participants (median [range] age, 59 [19-98] years; 57% female) and 186 932 cancers were included. High vs low levels of leisure-time physical activity were associated with lower risks of 13 cancers: esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.89), liver (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.98), lung (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71-0.77), kidney (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.70-0.85), gastric cardia (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95), endometrial (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.92), myeloid leukemia (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92), myeloma (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95), colon (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.91), head and neck (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93), rectal (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95), bladder (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82-0.92), and breast (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93). Body mass index adjustment modestly attenuated associations for several cancers, but 10 of 13 inverse associations remained statistically significant after this adjustment. Leisure-time physical activity was associated with higher risks of malignant melanoma (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16-1.40) and prostate cancer (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08). Associations were generally similar between overweight/obese and normal-weight individuals. Smoking status modified the association for lung cancer but not other smoking-related cancers.Conclusions and Relevance: Leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower risks of many cancer types. Health care professionals counseling inactive adults should emphasize that most of these associations were evident regardless of body size or smoking history, supporting broad generalizability of findings. SN - 2168-6106 AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland AD - Brigham andWomen's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway AD - Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland AD - Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway AD - Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia AD - Now with USAID Bureau for Global Health,Washington, DC AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts AD - Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque AD - Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, Maryland AD - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England AD - Now with Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France AD - Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France AD - Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden AD - Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England U2 - PMID: 27183032. DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=116097766&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Choi, Yoonjoung AU - Fabic, Madeleine Short AU - Adetunji, Jacob T1 - Measuring Access to Family Planning: Conceptual Frameworks and DHS Data. JO - Studies in Family Planning JF - Studies in Family Planning Y1 - 2016/06// VL - 47 IS - 2 M3 - journal article SP - 145 EP - 161 SN - 00393665 AB - Expanding access to family planning (FP) is a driving aim of global and national FP efforts. The definition and measurement of access, however, remain nebulous, largely due to complexity. This article aims to bring clarity to the measurement of FP access. First, we synthesize key access elements for measurement by reviewing three well-known frameworks. We then assess the extent to which the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)-a widely used data source for FP programs and research-has information to measure these elements. We finally examine barriers to access by element, using the latest DHS data from four countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We discuss opportunities and limitations in the measurement of access, the importance of careful interpretation of data from population-based surveys, and recommendations for collecting and using data to better measure access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Studies in Family Planning is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FAMILY planning -- Government policy KW - DEMOGRAPHIC surveys KW - HEALTH surveys KW - SUSTAINABLE development KW - UNITED Nations. General Assembly N1 - Accession Number: 116102588; Choi, Yoonjoung 1 Fabic, Madeleine Short 2 Adetunji, Jacob 3; Affiliation: 1: Senior Technical Advisor for Population and Metrics, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20004 2: Public Health Advisor, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20004 3: Senior Demographer, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20004; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p145; Subject Term: FAMILY planning -- Government policy; Subject Term: DEMOGRAPHIC surveys; Subject Term: HEALTH surveys; Subject Term: SUSTAINABLE development; Company/Entity: UNITED Nations. General Assembly; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00059.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116102588&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shine, Tara AU - Dunford, Beth T1 - What value for pastoral livelihoods? An economic valuation of development alternatives for ephemeral wetlands in eastern Mauritania. JO - Pastoralism JF - Pastoralism Y1 - 2016/05/24/ VL - 6 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 20417136 AB - Pastoralism in Africa faces new challenges in an era of climate change, despite some improvements in policy and legislative frameworks as well as sporadic investment in pastoral development. There are concerns that pastoralism will not be sustainable in a climate-affected world, and this is seeing the return of policies to settle pastoralists and introduce modern cropping. Pastoralism is not yet understood as a specialisation to take advantage of instability and variability, and as a result, the trend has continued towards replacing pastoralism as a livelihood strategy rather than investing in it. It is in this context that a study conducted in eastern Mauritania between 1999 and 2001 is presented here to demonstrate the economic value of ephemeral wetlands as multi-use resources for pastoralism, agriculture and biodiversity. At the time the study was conducted, governments and aid agencies across the Sahel were targeting wetlands as areas of high development potential to combat poverty and increase food security, converting them from multi-use resources to single-use, arable resources. The study assesses the benefits of multiple-use systems compared to such single-use systems through economic valuation of production from the respective systems. Arable agriculture, livestock rearing and botanical and other natural resources are valued in the case of multiple-use systems and compared to arable production from single-use systems. Multiple-use systems are found to out-perform single-use systems based on annual production values, when opportunity costs and the replacement costs of wetland resources are taken into account. The results also show that the multi-use systems are better adapted to a highly variable climate than single-use arable systems that are highly vulnerable to rainfall fluctuations. This has implications for production in a climate-constrained world where diversification and investment in pastoralism as a strategy for managing variability in drylands will be increasingly important. The methodology used to value the wetlands remains relevant 15 years later, as governments, aid agencies and international organisations develop policies to guide pastoralism in dryland systems that are becoming increasingly variable and unpredictable in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Pastoralism is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Climatic changes KW - Profit -- Measurement KW - Supply & demand KW - Time-based pricing KW - Mauritania KW - Climate change KW - Economic value KW - Ephemeral wetlands KW - Multiple-use systems KW - Pastoralism KW - Sustainable development N1 - Accession Number: 115672003; Shine, Tara 1; Email Address: tara@tarashine.com; Dunford, Beth 2; Affiliations: 1: Environment and Development Consultant, 127 The Meadows, Belgooly, Co. Cork Ireland; 2: United States Agency for International Development, USAID, Washington USA; Issue Info: 5/24/2016, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Profit -- Measurement; Subject Term: Supply & demand; Subject Term: Time-based pricing; Subject: Mauritania; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic value; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ephemeral wetlands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple-use systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pastoralism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sustainable development; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13570-016-0057-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115672003&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tadesse, Yared AU - Gebre, Nigussie AU - Daba, Shallo AU - Gashu, Zewdu AU - Habte, Dereje AU - Hiruy, Nebiyu AU - Negash, Solomon AU - Melkieneh, Kassahun AU - Jerene, Degu AU - K. Haile, Yared AU - Kassie, Yewulsew AU - Melese, Muluken AU - G. Suarez, Pedro T1 - Uptake of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Under-Five Children: TB Contact Investigation as an Entry Point. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/05/19/ VL - 11 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - A child’s risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) can be reduced by nearly 60% with administration of 6 months course of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). However, uptake of IPT by national TB programs is low, and IPT delivery is a challenge in many resource-limited high TB-burden settings. Routinely collected program data was analyzed to determine the coverage and outcome of implementation of IPT for eligible under-five year old children in 28 health facilities in two regions of Ethiopia. A total of 504 index smear-positive pulmonary TB (SS+) cases were reported between October 2013 and June 2014 in the 28 health facilities. There were 282 under-five children registered as household contacts of these SS+ TB index cases, accounting for 17.9% of all household contacts. Of these, 237 (84%) were screened for TB symptoms, and presumptive TB was identified in 16 (6.8%) children. TB was confirmed in 5 children, producing an overall yield of 2.11% (95% confidence interval, 0.76–4.08%). Of 221 children eligible for IPT, 64.3% (142) received IPT, 80.3% (114) of whom successfully completed six months of therapy. No child developed active TB while on IPT. Contact screening is a good entry point for delivery of IPT to at risk children and should be routine practice as recommended by the WHO despite the implementation challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS in children KW - PREVENTION KW - ISONIAZID KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Vaccination KW - VACCINATION of children KW - PUBLIC health KW - ADMINISTRATION of drugs KW - MEDICAL care KW - THERAPEUTIC use KW - ETHIOPIA KW - Africa KW - Amhara people KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Child health KW - Drugs KW - Ethiopia KW - Ethnicities KW - Geographical locations KW - Health care KW - Health care providers KW - Health education and awareness KW - Health screening KW - Infectious diseases KW - Isoniazid KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Pediatrics KW - People and places KW - Pharmacology KW - Population groupings KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research Article KW - Tropical diseases KW - Tuberculosis N1 - Accession Number: 115446390; Tadesse, Yared 1; Email Address: yaredt22@hotmail.com Gebre, Nigussie 2 Daba, Shallo 3 Gashu, Zewdu 1 Habte, Dereje 1 Hiruy, Nebiyu 1 Negash, Solomon 1 Melkieneh, Kassahun 1 Jerene, Degu 1 K. Haile, Yared 4 Kassie, Yewulsew 4 Melese, Muluken 1 G. Suarez, Pedro 5; Affiliation: 1: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2: Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 3: Oromia Regional Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5: Management Sciences for Health, Health Programs Group, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America; Source Info: 5/19/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS in children; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: ISONIAZID; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Vaccination; Subject Term: VACCINATION of children; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: ADMINISTRATION of drugs; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amhara people; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterial diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Child health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drugs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethiopia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethnicities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care providers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health education and awareness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health screening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isoniazid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pediatrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmacology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0155525 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115446390&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yeebiyo, Yemane AU - Dengela, Dereje AU - Tesfaye, Alemayehu Getachew AU - Anshebo, Gedeon Yohannes AU - Kolyada, Lena AU - Wirtz, Robert AU - Chibsa, Sheleme AU - Fornadel, Christen AU - George, Kristen AU - Belemvire, Allison AU - Taffese, Hiwot Solomon AU - Lucas, Bradford T1 - Short persistence of bendiocarb sprayed on pervious walls and its implication for the indoor residual spray program in Ethiopia. JO - Parasites & Vectors JF - Parasites & Vectors Y1 - 2016/05/05/ VL - 9 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 SN - 17563305 AB - Background: With the emergence and spread of vector resistance to pyrethroids and DDT in Africa, several countries have recently switched or are considering switching to carbamates and/or organophosphates for indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, data collected on the residual life of bendiocarb used for IRS in some areas indicate shorter than expected bio-efficacy. This study evaluated the effect of pH and wall type on the residual life of the carbamates bendiocarb and propoxur as measured by the standard World Health Organization (WHO) cone bioassay test. Methods: In phase I of this study, bendiocarb and propoxur were mixed with buffered low pH (pH 4.3) local water and non-buffered high pH (pH 8.0) local water and sprayed on two types of wall surface, mud and dung, in experimental huts. In the six month phase II study, the two insecticides were mixed with high pH local water and sprayed on four different surfaces: painted, dung, mud and mud pre-wetted with water. The residual bio-efficacy of the insecticides was assessed monthly using standard WHO cone bioassay tests. Results: In phase I, bendiocarb mixed with high pH water killed more than 80 % of susceptible Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes for two months on both dung and mud surfaces. On dung surfaces, the 80 % mortality threshold was achieved for three months when the bendiocarb was mixed with low pH water and four months when it was mixed with high pH water. Propoxur lasted longer than bendiocarb on dung surfaces, staying above the 80 % mortality threshold for four and five months when mixed with high and low pH water, respectively. Phase II results also showed that the type of surface sprayed has a significant impact on the bio-efficacy of bendiocarb. Keeping the spray water constant at the same high pH of 8.0, bendiocarb killed 100 % of exposed mosquitoes on impervious painted surfaces for the six months of the study period compared with less than one month on mud surfaces. Conclusions: Mixing the insecticides in alkaline water did not reduce the residual bio-efficacy of bendiocarb. However, bendiocarb performed much better on impervious (painted) surfaces than on porous dung or mud ones. Propoxur was less affected by wall type than was bendiocarb. Studies on the interaction between wall materials, soil, humidity, temperature and pH and the residual bio-efficacy of new and existing insecticides are recommended prior to their wide use in IRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Parasites & Vectors is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BENDIOCARB KW - PYRETHROIDS KW - ANOPHELES arabiensis KW - ETHIOPIA KW - Anopheles arabiensis KW - Bendiocarb KW - Ethiopia KW - Experimental hut KW - IRS KW - Propoxur KW - Vector control KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 115255263; Yeebiyo, Yemane 1 Dengela, Dereje 2; Email Address: Dereje_Dengela@abtassoc.com Tesfaye, Alemayehu Getachew 1 Anshebo, Gedeon Yohannes 1 Kolyada, Lena 2 Wirtz, Robert 3 Chibsa, Sheleme 4 Fornadel, Christen 5 George, Kristen 5 Belemvire, Allison 5 Taffese, Hiwot Solomon 6 Lucas, Bradford 2; Affiliation: 1: The President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates, Gerji Road, Sami Building, 1st Floor, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2: The President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates, 4550 Montgomery Ave., Suite 800 North, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA 3: Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA 4: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Entoto Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5: President's Malaria Initiative, United States Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Office of Health, Infectious Disease & Nutrition, 10082A, 2100 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, USA 6: National Malaria Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Source Info: 5/5/2016, Vol. 9, p1; Subject Term: BENDIOCARB; Subject Term: PYRETHROIDS; Subject Term: ANOPHELES arabiensis; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anopheles arabiensis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bendiocarb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethiopia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental hut; Author-Supplied Keyword: IRS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propoxur; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vector control; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13071-016-1549-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115255263&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sreedharan, P. AU - Farbes, J. AU - Cutter, E. AU - Woo, C.K. AU - Wang, J. T1 - Microgrid and renewable generation integration: University of California, San Diego. JO - Applied Energy JF - Applied Energy Y1 - 2016/05// VL - 169 M3 - Article SP - 709 EP - 720 SN - 03062619 AB - This paper is a microgrid study of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), a large campus with diverse distributed energy resources (DER). It highlights a microgrid’s “missing money”, which sharply differs from a natural-gas-fired generation plant’s “missing money” due to large-scale wind generation development. In response to UCSD’s expressed financial interest, we assess three strategies for integrating renewable generation: peak load shifting, onsite photovoltaic firming and grid support. While all three strategies are technically feasible and can be cost-effective under certain conditions, California’s current tariff structures and market prices do not offer sufficient incentives to motivate UCSD to offer these services. Alternative incentive mechanisms, which may resemble to those used to encourage renewable generation development, are necessary to induce UCSD’s DER offer for renewables integration. Such mechanisms are also relevant to commercial and industrial loads across California, including the vast combined heat and power resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Energy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RENEWABLE energy sources KW - ELECTRIC power distribution grids KW - FOSSIL fuel power plants KW - PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems KW - POWER resources KW - ECONOMIC aspects KW - Ancillary services KW - Distributed energy resources KW - Microgrids KW - Optimal dispatch KW - PV firming KW - Renewables integration KW - UNIVERSITY of California, San Diego N1 - Accession Number: 113952696; Sreedharan, P. 1,2; Email Address: priya@ethree.com Farbes, J. 3 Cutter, E. 1 Woo, C.K. 4 Wang, J. 5; Affiliation: 1: Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc., 101 Montgomery Street, Suite 1600, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA 2: United States Agency for International Development, American Embassy, New Delhi 110021, India 3: Pacific Gas and Electric Company, 77 Beale Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA 4: Department of Asian and Policy Studies, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 5: Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 169, p709; Subject Term: RENEWABLE energy sources; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution grids; Subject Term: FOSSIL fuel power plants; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems; Subject Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: ECONOMIC aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ancillary services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed energy resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgrids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal dispatch; Author-Supplied Keyword: PV firming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Renewables integration; Company/Entity: UNIVERSITY of California, San Diego; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.053 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113952696&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kuruvilla, Shyama AU - Bustreo, Flavia AU - Taona Kuo AU - Mishra, C. K. AU - Taylor, Katie AU - Fogstad, Helga AU - Gupta, Geeta Rao AU - Gilmore, Kate AU - Temmerman, Marleen AU - Thomas, Joe AU - Rasanathan, Kumanan AU - Chaiban, Ted AU - Mohan, Anshu AU - Gruending, Anna AU - Schweitzer, Julian AU - Dini, Hannah Sarah AU - Borrazzo, John AU - Fassil, Hareya AU - Gronseth, Lars AU - Khosla, Rajat T1 - The Global strategy for women's, children's and adolescents' health (2016-2030): a roadmap based on evidence and country experience. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2016/05// VL - 94 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 398 EP - 400 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - The article presents the Global Strategy for Women's Children's and Adolescents' Health" which provides a roadmap for ending preventable deaths of women, children and adolescents by 2030. Its objectives include survive, thrive and transform which are aligned with 17 targets within 9 of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This global strategy is universal in scope and multisectoral in action and was developed through evidence reviews and syntheses. KW - MORTALITY KW - PREVENTION KW - CHILD health services KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - COMMUNITY health services KW - DIFFUSION of innovations KW - EDUCATION KW - HEALTH promotion KW - HUMAN rights KW - INTERPROFESSIONAL relations KW - LEADERSHIP KW - MEDICAL care KW - MEDICAL policy KW - RESPONSIBILITY KW - TEENAGERS -- Health KW - WOMEN -- Health KW - WORLD health KW - SOCIOECONOMIC factors KW - HUMAN services programs -- Evaluation KW - HEALTH & social status N1 - Accession Number: 115170739; Kuruvilla, Shyama 1; Email Address: kuruvillas@who.int Bustreo, Flavia 1 Taona Kuo 2 Mishra, C. K. 3 Taylor, Katie 4 Fogstad, Helga 5 Gupta, Geeta Rao 6 Gilmore, Kate 7 Temmerman, Marleen 8 Thomas, Joe 9 Rasanathan, Kumanan 6 Chaiban, Ted 6 Mohan, Anshu 3 Gruending, Anna 1 Schweitzer, Julian 10 Dini, Hannah Sarah 2 Borrazzo, John 4 Fassil, Hareya 4 Gronseth, Lars 5 Khosla, Rajat 1; Affiliation: 1: World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland 2: Executive Office of the United Nations Secretary-General, Every Woman Every Child Health Team, New York, United States of America (USA) 3: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India 4: United States Agency for International Development, Government of the United States of America, Washington, USA 5: Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Government of Norway, Oslo, Norway 6: United Nations Children's Fund, New York, USA 7: United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland 8: Aga Khan Development Network, Nairobi, Kenya 9: Partners in Population and Development, Dhaka, Bangladesh 10: Results for Development, Washington, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 94 Issue 5, p398; Subject Term: MORTALITY; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: CHILD health services; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health services; Subject Term: DIFFUSION of innovations; Subject Term: EDUCATION; Subject Term: HEALTH promotion; Subject Term: HUMAN rights; Subject Term: INTERPROFESSIONAL relations; Subject Term: LEADERSHIP; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: RESPONSIBILITY; Subject Term: TEENAGERS -- Health; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Health; Subject Term: WORLD health; Subject Term: SOCIOECONOMIC factors; Subject Term: HUMAN services programs -- Evaluation; Subject Term: HEALTH & social status; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621494 Community health centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.16.170431 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115170739&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 115170739 T1 - The Global strategy for women's, children's and adolescents' health (2016-2030): a roadmap based on evidence and country experience. AU - Kuruvilla, Shyama AU - Bustreo, Flavia AU - Taona Kuo AU - Mishra, C. K. AU - Taylor, Katie AU - Fogstad, Helga AU - Gupta, Geeta Rao AU - Gilmore, Kate AU - Temmerman, Marleen AU - Thomas, Joe AU - Rasanathan, Kumanan AU - Chaiban, Ted AU - Mohan, Anshu AU - Gruending, Anna AU - Schweitzer, Julian AU - Dini, Hannah Sarah AU - Borrazzo, John AU - Fassil, Hareya AU - Gronseth, Lars AU - Khosla, Rajat Y1 - 2016/05// N1 - Accession Number: 115170739. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160511. Revision Date: 20160513. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Pediatric Care; Women's Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Maternal-Child Health KW - World Health KW - Health Promotion KW - Health Policy KW - Mortality -- Prevention and Control KW - Female KW - Women's Health KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Health KW - Adolescence KW - Adolescent Health KW - Community Health Services KW - Leadership KW - Accountability KW - Social Determinants of Health KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Collaboration KW - Human Rights KW - Education KW - Program Evaluation KW - Diffusion of Innovation KW - Health Care Delivery SP - 398 EP - 400 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 94 IS - 5 PB - World Health Organization SN - 0042-9686 AD - World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland AD - Executive Office of the United Nations Secretary-General, Every Woman Every Child Health Team, New York, United States of America (USA) AD - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India AD - United States Agency for International Development, Government of the United States of America, Washington, USA AD - Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Government of Norway, Oslo, Norway AD - United Nations Children's Fund, New York, USA AD - United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Aga Khan Development Network, Nairobi, Kenya AD - Partners in Population and Development, Dhaka, Bangladesh AD - Results for Development, Washington, USA DO - 10.2471/BLT.16.170431 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=115170739&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 114575368 T1 - Bringing Baby-Friendly to the Indian Health Service. AU - Karol, Susan AU - Tah, Tina AU - Kenon, Clifton AU - Meyer, Jenna AU - Yazzie, Jeannette AU - Stephens, Celissa AU - Merewood, Anne Y1 - 2016/05// N1 - Accession Number: 114575368. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160419. Revision Date: 20161001. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Core Nursing; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Nursing; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 8709498. KW - Breast Feeding Promotion KW - Hospitals KW - Program Implementation KW - Native Americans KW - Human KW - Quality Improvement KW - New Mexico KW - Marketing -- Ethical Issues KW - Infant Formula KW - Leadership KW - South Dakota SP - 369 EP - 372 JO - Journal of Human Lactation JF - Journal of Human Lactation JA - J HUM LACT VL - 32 IS - 2 CY - Thousand Oaks, California PB - Sage Publications Inc. SN - 0890-3344 AD - Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA AD - Public Health Nursing, Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA AD - Hopi Hospital, Polacca, AZ, USA AD - Navajo Area, Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA AD - Division of Nursing Services, Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA AD - Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA DO - 10.1177/0890334415617751 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=114575368&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karol, Susan AU - Tah, Tina AU - Kenon, Clifton AU - Meyer, Jenna AU - Yazzie, Jeannette AU - Stephens, Celissa AU - Merewood, Anne T1 - Bringing Baby-Friendly to the Indian Health Service. JO - Journal of Human Lactation JF - Journal of Human Lactation Y1 - 2016/05// VL - 32 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 369 EP - 372 SN - 08903344 AB - The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) increases exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding protects against obesity and diabetes, conditions to which American Indians and Alaska Natives are particularly prone. As part of the First Lady’s Let’s Move! in Indian Country initiative, the US Department of Health and Human Services’ Indian Health Service (IHS) began implementing the BFHI in 2011. The IHS administers 13 US birthing hospitals. There are 5 tribally administered hospitals in the lower 48 states that receive IHS funding, and the IHS encouraged them to seek Baby-Friendly designation also. In the 13 federally administered hospitals, the IHS implemented a Baby-Friendly infant feeding policy, extensive clinician training, and Baby-Friendly compatible medical records. All hospitals also became compliant with the World Health Organization’s International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. Strategies and solutions were shared systemwide via webinars and conference calls. Quality improvement methods, technical assistance, and site visits assisted with the implementation process. Between 2011 and December 2014, 100% (13 of 13) of IHS federally administered hospitals gained Baby-Friendly designation. The first Baby-Friendly hospitals in Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota were all IHS sites; 6% of all US Baby-Friendly hospitals are currently IHS hospitals. One tribal site has also been Baby-Friendly designated and 3 of the 5 remaining tribally administered hospitals in the lower 48 states are pursuing Baby-Friendly status. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative implementation systemwide is possible in a US government agency serving a high-risk, underprivileged population. Other systems looking to implement the BFHI can learn from the IHS model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Human Lactation is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MARKETING ethics KW - BREASTFEEDING promotion KW - HOSPITALS KW - NATIVE Americans KW - INFANT formulas KW - LEADERSHIP KW - QUALITY assurance KW - HUMAN services programs KW - NEW Mexico KW - SOUTH Dakota KW - Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative KW - breastfeeding KW - Indian Health Service KW - Native American N1 - Accession Number: 114575368; Karol, Susan 1; Tah, Tina 2; Kenon, Clifton 3; Meyer, Jenna 4; Yazzie, Jeannette 5; Stephens, Celissa 6; Merewood, Anne 7; Email Address: anne.merewood@bmc.org; Source Information: May2016, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p369; Subject: MARKETING ethics; Subject: BREASTFEEDING promotion; Subject: HOSPITALS; Subject: NATIVE Americans; Subject: INFANT formulas; Subject: LEADERSHIP; Subject: QUALITY assurance; Subject: HUMAN services programs; Geographic Terms: NEW Mexico; SOUTH Dakota; Author-Supplied Keyword: Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative; Author-Supplied Keyword: breastfeeding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indian Health Service; Author-Supplied Keyword: Native American; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2443 L3 - 10.1177/0890334415617751 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=114575368&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - hch ER - TY - JOUR AU - Conde-Agudelo, Agustín AU - Rosas-Bermudez, Anyeli AU - Norton, Maureen H. T1 - Birth Spacing and Risk of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review. JO - Pediatrics JF - Pediatrics Y1 - 2016/05// VL - 137 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 13 SN - 00314005 AB - CONTEXT: Both short and long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) have recently been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this association has not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between birth spacing and the risk of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disabilities. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases from their inception to December 2015, bibliographies, and conference proceedings. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies with results adjusted for potential confounding factors that reported on the association between IPIs or birth intervals and neurodevelopmental disabilities. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, IPIs/ birth intervals, and outcome measures. RESULTS: Seven studies (1140 210 children) reported an association between short IPIs and increased risk of ASD, mainly the former subtype autistic disorder. Compared with children born to women with IPIs of ≥36 months, children born to women with IPIs of <12 months had a significantly increased risk of any ASD (pooled adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-3.09). This association was stronger for autistic disorder (pooled adjusted OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.53-4.50). Three of these studies also reported a significant association between long IPIs and increased risk of ASD. Short intervals were associated with a significantly increased risk of developmental delay (3 studies; 174 940 children) and cerebral palsy (2 studies; 19 419 children). LIMITATIONS: Substantial heterogeneity, and few studies assessing neurodevelopmental disabilities other than ASD. CONCLUSIONS: Short IPIs are associated with a significantly increased risk of ASD. Long IPIs also appear to increase the risk of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Pediatrics is the property of American Academy of Pediatrics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AUTISM -- Risk factors KW - DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities KW - BIRTH intervals KW - CEREBRAL palsy KW - CINAHL (Information retrieval system) KW - CONFIDENCE intervals KW - INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Medicine KW - MEDLINE KW - RESEARCH -- Finance KW - STATISTICS KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - DATA analysis KW - DATA analysis -- Software KW - ODDS ratio KW - RISK factors N1 - Accession Number: 115204889; Conde-Agudelo, Agustín 1; Email Address: condeagu@hotmail.com Rosas-Bermudez, Anyeli 1 Norton, Maureen H. 2; Affiliation: 1: World Health Organization Collaborating Centre in Human Reproduction, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia 2: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 137 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: AUTISM -- Risk factors; Subject Term: DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities; Subject Term: BIRTH intervals; Subject Term: CEREBRAL palsy; Subject Term: CINAHL (Information retrieval system); Subject Term: CONFIDENCE intervals; Subject Term: INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Medicine; Subject Term: MEDLINE; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: DATA analysis -- Software; Subject Term: ODDS ratio; Subject Term: RISK factors; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1542/peds.2015-3482 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115204889&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 115204889 T1 - Birth Spacing and Risk of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review. AU - Conde-Agudelo, Agustín AU - Rosas-Bermudez, Anyeli AU - Norton, Maureen H. Y1 - 2016/05// N1 - Accession Number: 115204889. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160513. Revision Date: 20160517. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice. Grant Information: This study was supported by the Offi ce of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, of the US Agency for International Development, under the terms of a cooperative agreement with the E2A (Evidence to Action for Strengthened Reproductive Health) Project.. NLM UID: 0376422. KW - Birth Intervals KW - Autistic Disorder -- Risk Factors KW - Developmental Disabilities -- Risk Factors KW - Human KW - Systematic Review KW - Odds Ratio KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Univariate Statistics KW - CINAHL Database KW - Medline KW - Embase KW - Mantel-Haenszel Test KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Infant KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Funding Source SP - 1 EP - 13 JO - Pediatrics JF - Pediatrics JA - PEDIATRICS VL - 137 IS - 5 CY - Chicago, Illinois PB - American Academy of Pediatrics SN - 0031-4005 AD - World Health Organization Collaborating Centre in Human Reproduction, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia AD - Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia DO - 10.1542/peds.2015-3482 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=115204889&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 114616151 T1 - Exploring spatial variations and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis. AU - Haile, Demewoz AU - Azage, Muluken AU - Mola, Tegegn AU - Rainey, Rochelle Y1 - 2016/04/15/ N1 - Accession Number: 114616151. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170104. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Functional Living Index: Cancer (FLIC) (Schipper et al); Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) (Pfeiffer). NLM UID: 100967804. KW - Growth Disorders -- Epidemiology KW - Statistics KW - Statistics -- Methods KW - Surveys KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Risk Factors KW - Growth Disorders -- Etiology KW - Infant KW - Child, Preschool KW - Logistic Regression KW - Female KW - Male KW - Ethiopia KW - Clinical Assessment Tools KW - Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire SP - 1 EP - 14 JO - BMC Pediatrics JF - BMC Pediatrics JA - BMC PEDIATR VL - 16 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Stunting reflects a failure to receive adequate nutrition over a long period of time. Stunting is associated with adverse functional consequences including poor cognition, low educational performance, low adult wages, and poor reproductive outcomes. The objective of the study was to investigate spatial variations and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia.Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 9893 children aged 0-59 months were included in the analysis. The Getis-Ord spatial statistical tool was used to identify high and low hotspots areas of stunting. A multilevel multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with stunting.Results: Statistically significant hotspots of stunting were found in northern parts of the country whereas low hotspots where there was less stunting than expected were found in the central, eastern, and western parts of the country. In the final model of multilevel logistic regression analysis, individual and community level factors accounted for 36.6 % of childhood stunting. Short birth interval [AOR = 1.68; 95%CI: (1.46-1.93)], being male [AOR = 1.20; 95%CI: (1.08-1.33)], and being from a male-headed household [AOR = 1.18; 95 % CI: (1.01-1.38)] were the factors that increased the odds of stunting at the individual level. Children in the age group between 24-35 months were more likely to be stunted than children whose age was less than one year [AOR = 6.61; 95 % CI: (5.17-8.44)]. The odds of stunting among children with severe anemia were higher than children with no anemia [AOR = 3.23; 95%CI: (2.35-4.43)]. Children with mothers who had completed higher education had lower odds of being stunted compared to children whose mothers had no formal education [AOR = 0.42; 95%CI: (0.18-0.94)]. The odds of being stunted were lower among children whose fathers completed higher education [AOR = 0.58; 95%CI: (0.38-0.89)] compared to children whose fathers had no formal education. Children whose mothers who had high a Body Mass Index (BMI) (≥25.0 kg/m(2)) were less likely to be stunted compared with children whose mothers had a normal BMI (18.5 kg/m(2)-24.9 kg/m(2))[AOR = 0.69; 95%CI: (0.52-0.90)]. Children from the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of being stunted compared to children from the richest wealth quintiles [AOR = 1.43; 95 % CI: (1.08-1.88)]. Unavailability of improved latrine facilities and living in the northern parts of the country (Tigray, Affar, Amhara and Benishangul-Gumuzregions) were factors associated with higher odds of stunting from the community-level factors.Conclusion: Stunting in children under five years old is not random in Ethiopia, with hotspots of higher stunting in the northern part of Ethiopia. Both individual and community-level factors were significant determinants of childhood stunting. The regions with high hotspots of child stunting should be targeted with additional resources, and the identified factors should be considered for nutritional interventions. SN - 1471-2431 AD - Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia AD - Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia AD - United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA U2 - PMID: 27084512. DO - 10.1186/s12887-016-0587-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=114616151&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newman, Constance AU - Ng, Crystal AU - Pacqué-Margolis, Sara AU - Frymus, Diana T1 - Integration of gender-transformative interventions into health professional education reform for the 21st century: implications of an expert review. JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health Y1 - 2016/04/12/ VL - 14 M3 - journal article SP - 1 EP - 12 SN - 14784491 AB - Background: Gender discrimination and inequality in health professional education (HPE) affect students and faculty and hinder production of the robust health workforces needed to meet health and development goals, yet HPE reformers pay scant attention to these gender barriers. Gender equality must be a core value and professional practice competency for all actors in HPE and health employment systems.Methods: Peer-review and non-peer-review literature previously identified in a review of the literature identified interventions to counter gender discrimination and inequality in HPE and tertiary education systems in North America and the Caribbean; West, East, and Southern Africa; Asia; the Middle East and North Africa; Europe; Australia; and South America. An assessment considered 51 interventions addressing sexual harassment (18), caregiver discrimination (27), and gender equality (6). Reviewers with expertise in gender and health system strengthening rated and ranked interventions according to six gender-transformative criteria.Results: Thirteen interventions were considered to have transformational potential to address gender-related obstacles to entry, retention, career progression, and graduation in HPE, when implemented in core sets of interventions. The review identified one set with potential to counter sexual harassment in HPE and two sets to counter caregiver discrimination. Gender centers and equal employment opportunity units are structural interventions that can address multiple forms of gender discrimination and inequality.Conclusions: The paper's broad aim is to encourage HPE leaders to make gender-transformative reforms in the current way of doing business and commit to themselves to countering gender discrimination and inequality. Interventions to counter gender discrimination should be seen as integral parts of institutional and instructional reforms and essential investments to scale up quality HPE and recruit and retain health workers in the systems that educate and employ them. Implementation challenges spanning financial, informational, and cultural barriers need consideration. The application of core sets of interventions and a strong learning agenda should be part of ongoing HPE reform efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Human Resources for Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SEX discrimination in employment KW - RESEARCH KW - SEXUAL harassment KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - EDUCATIONAL change -- Research KW - GENDER inequality KW - EDUCATION (Continuing education) KW - Discrimination KW - Education reform KW - Gender KW - Health professional education KW - Health systems KW - Health workforce KW - Sexual harassment KW - Transformative N1 - Accession Number: 114526058; Newman, Constance 1; Email Address: cnewman@intrahealth.org Ng, Crystal 1 Pacqué-Margolis, Sara 1 Frymus, Diana 2; Affiliation: 1: IntraHealth International, 6340 Quadrangle Drive, Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA 2: United States Agency for International Development, 2100 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, USA; Source Info: 4/12/2016, Vol. 14, p1; Subject Term: SEX discrimination in employment; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SEXUAL harassment; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: EDUCATIONAL change -- Research; Subject Term: GENDER inequality; Subject Term: EDUCATION (Continuing education); Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrimination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Education reform; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gender; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health professional education; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health workforce; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sexual harassment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transformative; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 8 Charts; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s12960-016-0109-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114526058&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 114526058 T1 - Integration of gender-transformative interventions into health professional education reform for the 21st century: implications of an expert review. AU - Newman, Constance AU - Ng, Crystal AU - Pacqué-Margolis, Sara AU - Frymus, Diana Y1 - 2016/04/12/ N1 - Accession Number: 114526058. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170104. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Services Administration; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI); Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index; Caregiver Strain Index. NLM UID: 101170535. KW - Health Personnel -- Education KW - Women's Rights KW - Education KW - Sexism KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Caregiver Strain Index KW - Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index SP - 1 EP - 12 JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health JA - HUM RESOUR HEALTH VL - 14 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Gender discrimination and inequality in health professional education (HPE) affect students and faculty and hinder production of the robust health workforces needed to meet health and development goals, yet HPE reformers pay scant attention to these gender barriers. Gender equality must be a core value and professional practice competency for all actors in HPE and health employment systems.Methods: Peer-review and non-peer-review literature previously identified in a review of the literature identified interventions to counter gender discrimination and inequality in HPE and tertiary education systems in North America and the Caribbean; West, East, and Southern Africa; Asia; the Middle East and North Africa; Europe; Australia; and South America. An assessment considered 51 interventions addressing sexual harassment (18), caregiver discrimination (27), and gender equality (6). Reviewers with expertise in gender and health system strengthening rated and ranked interventions according to six gender-transformative criteria.Results: Thirteen interventions were considered to have transformational potential to address gender-related obstacles to entry, retention, career progression, and graduation in HPE, when implemented in core sets of interventions. The review identified one set with potential to counter sexual harassment in HPE and two sets to counter caregiver discrimination. Gender centers and equal employment opportunity units are structural interventions that can address multiple forms of gender discrimination and inequality.Conclusions: The paper's broad aim is to encourage HPE leaders to make gender-transformative reforms in the current way of doing business and commit to themselves to countering gender discrimination and inequality. Interventions to counter gender discrimination should be seen as integral parts of institutional and instructional reforms and essential investments to scale up quality HPE and recruit and retain health workers in the systems that educate and employ them. Implementation challenges spanning financial, informational, and cultural barriers need consideration. The application of core sets of interventions and a strong learning agenda should be part of ongoing HPE reform efforts. SN - 1478-4491 AD - IntraHealth International, 6340 Quadrangle Drive, Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA AD - United States Agency for International Development, 2100 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, USA U2 - PMID: 27067144. DO - 10.1186/s12960-016-0109-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=114526058&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tappis, Hannah AU - Winch, Peter J. AU - Bartlett, Linda AU - Koblinsky, Marge AU - Turkmani, Sabera T1 - Context matters: Successes and challenges of intrapartum care scale-up in four districts of Afghanistan. JO - Global Public Health JF - Global Public Health Y1 - 2016/04// VL - 11 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 387 EP - 406 SN - 17441692 AB - Reducing preventable maternal mortality and achieving Sustainable Development Goal targets for 2030 will require increased investment in improving access to quality health services in fragile and conflict-affected states. This study explores the conditions that affect availability and utilisation of intrapartum care services in four districts of Afghanistan where mortality studies were conducted in 2002 and 2011. Information on changes in each district was collected through interviews with community members; service providers; and district, provincial and national officials. This information was then triangulated with programme and policy documentation to identify factors that affect the coverage of safe delivery and emergency obstetric care services. Comparison of barriers to maternal health service coverage across the four districts highlights the complexities of national health policy planning and resource allocation in Afghanistan, and provides examples of the types of challenges that must be addressed to extend the reach of life-saving maternal health interventions to women in fragile and conflict-affected states. Findings suggest that improvements in service coverage must be measured at a sub-national level, and context-specific service delivery models may be needed to effectively scale up intrapartum care services in extremely remote or insecure settings. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Global Public Health is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Afghanistan KW - emergency obstetric care KW - health systems KW - skilled birth attendance N1 - Accession Number: 113272253; Tappis, Hannah 1 Winch, Peter J. 1 Bartlett, Linda 1 Koblinsky, Marge 2 Turkmani, Sabera 3; Affiliation: 1: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 2: Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 3: Afghan Midwives Association, Kabul, Afghanistan; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p387; Author-Supplied Keyword: Afghanistan; Author-Supplied Keyword: emergency obstetric care; Author-Supplied Keyword: health systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: skilled birth attendance; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/17441692.2015.1114657 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113272253&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 113272253 T1 - Context matters: Successes and challenges of intrapartum care scale-up in four districts of Afghanistan. AU - Tappis, Hannah AU - Winch, Peter J. AU - Bartlett, Linda AU - Koblinsky, Marge AU - Turkmani, Sabera Y1 - 2016/04// N1 - Accession Number: 113272253. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160229. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Europe; Public Health; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101256323. SP - 387 EP - 406 JO - Global Public Health JF - Global Public Health JA - GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 11 IS - 4 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge SN - 1744-1692 AD - Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA AD - Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA AD - Afghan Midwives Association, Kabul, Afghanistan DO - 10.1080/17441692.2015.1114657 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=113272253&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adams, Joëlla W. AU - Watts, D. Heather AU - Phelps, B. Ryan T1 - A systematic review of the effect of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on the risk of pre-eclampsia. JO - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics JF - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Y1 - 2016/04// VL - 133 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 17 EP - 21 SN - 00207292 AB - Background: The associations between HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and pre-eclampsia are unclear.Objectives: To summarize research and clarify the implications of HIV and ART on pre-eclampsia risk.Search Strategy: MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2003 and July 2014, using relevant keywords.Selection Criteria: Full-text review was dependent on the inclusion of pre-eclampsia as an outcome and original data.Data Collection and Analysis: Data for population, confounders, limitations, and measures of association were qualitatively assessed.Main Results: Among 550 records identified, 70 were screened, and 13 were included. Five of the nine studies comparing pre-eclampsia risk between women with and without HIV infection found no significant difference; only one found that women living with HIV were more likely to experience pre-eclampsia. Two studies found that women living with HIV who were receiving ART at conception were more likely to experience pre-eclampsia than were those not receiving ART at conception. Two studies reported that pre-eclampsia rates did not differ by ART regimen.Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to conclude that women living with HIV and receiving ART have a higher risk of pre-eclampsia than do women without HIV infection; further research is needed to assess the association between ART and pre-eclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Complications KW - PREECLAMPSIA -- Risk factors KW - RESEARCH KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - HIV-positive women KW - HEALTH KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - META-analysis KW - ANTI-HIV agents KW - HIV infections KW - PREECLAMPSIA KW - HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy KW - RELATIVE risk (Medicine) KW - THERAPEUTIC use KW - Antiretroviral therapy KW - HIV in women KW - HIV/AIDS KW - Pre-eclampsia N1 - Accession Number: 114001219; Adams, Joëlla W. 1; Email Address: joella_adams@brown.edu Watts, D. Heather 2 Phelps, B. Ryan 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 2: Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 133 Issue 1, p17; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Complications; Subject Term: PREECLAMPSIA -- Risk factors; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: HIV-positive women; Subject Term: HEALTH; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: META-analysis; Subject Term: ANTI-HIV agents; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: PREECLAMPSIA; Subject Term: HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; Subject Term: RELATIVE risk (Medicine); Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV in women; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV/AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pre-eclampsia; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.08.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114001219&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Houben, R. M. G. J. AU - Lalli, M. AU - Sumner, T. AU - Hamilton, M. AU - Pedrazzoli, D. AU - Bonsu, F. AU - Hippner, P. AU - Pillay, Y. AU - Kimerling, M. AU - Ahmedov, S. AU - Pretorius, C. AU - White, R. G. T1 - TIME Impact - a new user-friendly tuberculosis (TB) model to inform TB policy decisions. JO - BMC Medicine JF - BMC Medicine Y1 - 2016/03/24/ VL - 14 M3 - letter SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - BioMed Central SN - 17417015 AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, predominantly affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where resources are limited. As such, countries need to be able to choose the most efficient interventions for their respective setting. Mathematical models can be valuable tools to inform rational policy decisions and improve resource allocation, but are often unavailable or inaccessible for LMICs, particularly in TB. We developed TIME Impact, a user-friendly TB model that enables local capacity building and strengthens country-specific policy discussions to inform support funding applications at the (sub-)national level (e.g. Ministry of Finance) or to international donors (e.g. the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria).TIME Impact is an epidemiological transmission model nested in TIME, a set of TB modelling tools available for free download within the widely-used Spectrum software. The TIME Impact model reflects key aspects of the natural history of TB, with additional structure for HIV/ART, drug resistance, treatment history and age. TIME Impact enables national TB programmes (NTPs) and other TB policymakers to better understand their own TB epidemic, plan their response, apply for funding and evaluate the implementation of the response.The explicit aim of TIME Impact's user-friendly interface is to enable training of local and international TB experts towards independent use. During application of TIME Impact, close involvement of the NTPs and other local partners also builds critical understanding of the modelling methods, assumptions and limitations inherent to modelling. This is essential to generate broad country-level ownership of the modelling data inputs and results. In turn, it stimulates discussions and a review of the current evidence and assumptions, strengthening the decision-making process in general.TIME Impact has been effectively applied in a variety of settings. In South Africa, it informed the first South African HIV and TB Investment Cases and successfully leveraged additional resources from the National Treasury at a time of austerity. In Ghana, a long-term TIME model-centred interaction with the NTP provided new insights into the local epidemiology and guided resource allocation decisions to improve impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Medicine is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Mortality KW - TUBERCULOSIS patients KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission KW - DISEASE awareness fundraising KW - TIME series analysis KW - Capacity buildi N1 - Accession Number: 113994821; Houben, R. M. G. J. 1,2; Email Address: rein.houben@lshtm.ac.uk Lalli, M. 1,2 Sumner, T. 1,2 Hamilton, M. 3 Pedrazzoli, D. 1,2 Bonsu, F. 4 Hippner, P. 5 Pillay, Y. 6 Kimerling, M. 7 Ahmedov, S. 8 Pretorius, C. 3 White, R. G. 1,2; Affiliation: 1: TB Modelling Group, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK 2: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 3: Avenir Health, Glastonbury, CT, USA 4: National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana 5: Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa 6: National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa 7: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands 8: USAID, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 3/24/2016, Vol. 14, p1; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Mortality; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS patients; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: DISEASE awareness fundraising; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capacity buildi; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: letter L3 - 10.1186/s12916-016-0608-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113994821&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN ID - 113994821 T1 - TIME Impact - a new user-friendly tuberculosis (TB) model to inform TB policy decisions. AU - Houben, R. M. G. J. AU - Lalli, M. AU - Sumner, T. AU - Hamilton, M. AU - Pedrazzoli, D. AU - Bonsu, F. AU - Hippner, P. AU - Pillay, Y. AU - Kimerling, M. AU - Ahmedov, S. AU - Pretorius, C. AU - White, R. G. Y1 - 2016/03/24/ N1 - Accession Number: 113994821. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170106. Publication Type: letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ); Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF); Impact of Events Scale (IES). Grant Information: //Medical Research Council/United Kingdom. NLM UID: 101190723. KW - Tuberculosis -- Epidemiology KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Policy Making KW - Health Policy KW - Health Resource Utilization KW - South Africa KW - Human KW - Validation Studies KW - Comparative Studies KW - Evaluation Research KW - Multicenter Studies KW - Impact of Events Scale KW - Questionnaires KW - Scales SP - 1 EP - 10 JO - BMC Medicine JF - BMC Medicine JA - BMC MED VL - 14 PB - BioMed Central AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, predominantly affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where resources are limited. As such, countries need to be able to choose the most efficient interventions for their respective setting. Mathematical models can be valuable tools to inform rational policy decisions and improve resource allocation, but are often unavailable or inaccessible for LMICs, particularly in TB. We developed TIME Impact, a user-friendly TB model that enables local capacity building and strengthens country-specific policy discussions to inform support funding applications at the (sub-)national level (e.g. Ministry of Finance) or to international donors (e.g. the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria).TIME Impact is an epidemiological transmission model nested in TIME, a set of TB modelling tools available for free download within the widely-used Spectrum software. The TIME Impact model reflects key aspects of the natural history of TB, with additional structure for HIV/ART, drug resistance, treatment history and age. TIME Impact enables national TB programmes (NTPs) and other TB policymakers to better understand their own TB epidemic, plan their response, apply for funding and evaluate the implementation of the response.The explicit aim of TIME Impact's user-friendly interface is to enable training of local and international TB experts towards independent use. During application of TIME Impact, close involvement of the NTPs and other local partners also builds critical understanding of the modelling methods, assumptions and limitations inherent to modelling. This is essential to generate broad country-level ownership of the modelling data inputs and results. In turn, it stimulates discussions and a review of the current evidence and assumptions, strengthening the decision-making process in general.TIME Impact has been effectively applied in a variety of settings. In South Africa, it informed the first South African HIV and TB Investment Cases and successfully leveraged additional resources from the National Treasury at a time of austerity. In Ghana, a long-term TIME model-centred interaction with the NTP provided new insights into the local epidemiology and guided resource allocation decisions to improve impact. SN - 1741-7015 AD - TB Modelling Group, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK AD - Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK AD - Avenir Health, Glastonbury, CT, USA AD - National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana AD - Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa AD - National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa AD - KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands AD - USAID, Washington, DC, USA U2 - PMID: 27012808. DO - 10.1186/s12916-016-0608-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=113994821&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leisher, Craig AU - Temsah, Gheda AU - Booker, Francesca AU - Day, Michael AU - Samberg, Leah AU - Prosnitz, Debra AU - Agarwal, Bina AU - Matthews, Elizabeth AU - Roe, Dilys AU - Russell, Diane AU - Sunderland, Terry AU - Wilkie, David T1 - Does the gender composition of forest and fishery management groups affect resource governance and conservation outcomes? A systematic map. JO - Environmental Evidence JF - Environmental Evidence Y1 - 2016/03/21/ VL - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - BioMed Central SN - 20472382 AB - Background: Women often use natural resources differently than men yet frequently have minimal influence on how local resources are managed. An emerging hypothesis is that empowering more women in local resource decision-making may lead to better resource governance and conservation. Here we focus on the forestry and fisheries sectors to answer the question: What is the evidence that the gender composition of forest and fisheries management groups affects resource governance and conservation outcomes? We present a systematic map detailing the geographic and thematic extent of the evidence base and assessing the quality of the evidence, as per a published a priori protocol. Methods: We screened 11,000+ English-language records in Scopus, CAB abstracts, AGRIS, AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, and Google. The websites of 24 international conservation and development organisations, references of included articles, and relevant systematic reviews were also searched for possible documents. A number of groups and individuals were invited to submit documents through email 'call outs'. The inclusion criteria were that an article refers to women or gender, forests or fisheries, and a resource management group comparison in a non-OECD country plus Mexico and Chile. Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Four were qualitative and 13 were quantitative. Forest studies outnumbered fisheries studies 14-3. The majority of the studies came from India and Nepal and focused on forest management. All 17 studies identified improvements in local natural resource governance, and three identified conservation improvements when women participated in the management of the resources. Only two studies, however, were rated as high quality based on study design. Conclusions: For India and Nepal, there is strong and clear evidence of the importance of including women in forest management groups for better resource governance and conservation outcomes. Outside of India and Nepal, there are substantial gaps in the evidence base, but the South Asian evidence presents a compelling case for extending the research to other geographies to see if similar outcomes exist elsewhere and supports a theory of change linking the participation of women in forestry and fisheries management groups with better resource governance and conservation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Environmental Evidence is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Fishery management KW - Forest management KW - Community based KW - Conservation KW - Equity KW - Gender mainstreaming KW - Livelihoods KW - Sustainability KW - Systematic review N1 - Accession Number: 113989450; Leisher, Craig 1; Email Address: craig.leisher@tnc.org; Temsah, Gheda 2; Booker, Francesca 3,4; Day, Michael 3,4; Samberg, Leah 5; Prosnitz, Debra 2; Agarwal, Bina 6; Matthews, Elizabeth 7; Roe, Dilys 3; Russell, Diane 8; Sunderland, Terry 3; Wilkie, David 7; Affiliations: 1: The Nature Conservancy (TNC), 4245 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA; 2: ICF International (IFCI), 1725 I St NW #1000, Washington, DC 20006, USA; 3: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 80-86 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8NH, UK; 4: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; 5: Global Landscapes Initiative, Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; 6: School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; 7: Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA; 8: Forestry and Biodiversity Office, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20004, USA; Issue Info: 3/21/2016, Vol. 5, p1; Thesaurus Term: Fishery management; Thesaurus Term: Forest management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community based; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gender mainstreaming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Livelihoods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sustainability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systematic review; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112511 Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115310 Support Activities for Forestry; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13750-016-0057-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113989450&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melese, Muluken AU - Jerene, Degu AU - Alem, Genetu AU - Seid, Jemal AU - Belachew, Feleke AU - Kassie, Yewulsew AU - Habte, Dereje AU - Negash, Solomon AU - Ayana, Gonfa AU - Girma, Belaineh AU - Haile, Yared K. AU - Hiruy, Nebiyu AU - Suarez, Pedro G. T1 - Decentralization of Acid Fast Bacilli(AFB) External Quality Assurance Using Blind Rechecking for Sputum Smear Microscopy in Ethiopia. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/03/18/ VL - 11 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Introduction: Ethiopia achieved a rapid expansion of TB microscopic centers for acid fast bacilli (AFB). However, external quality assurance (EQA) services were, until recently, limited to few regional and sub-regional laboratories. In this paper, we describe the decentralization experience and the result of EQA using random blinded rechecking. Materials and Methods: The routine EQA quarterly report was compiled and analyzed. A positive result by the microscopic center while the EQA center reported negative result is categorized as false positive (FP). A negative result by the microscopic center while the EQA center reported positive is considered false negative (FN). The reading of EQA centers was considered a gold standard to compute the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of the readings of microscopic centers. Results: We decentralized sputum smear AFB EQA from 4 Regional Laboratories (RRLs) to 82 EQA centers and enrolled 956 health facilities in EQA schemes. Enrollment of HFs in EQA was gradual because it required training and mentoring laboratory professionals, institutionalizing internal QA measures, equipping all HFs to perform diagnosis, and establishing more EQA centers. From 2012 to 2014 (Phase I), the FP rate declined from 0.6% to 0.2% and FN fell from as high as 7.6% to 1.6% in supported health facilities (HFs). In HFs that joined in Phase II, FN rates ranged from 5.6 to 7.3%. The proportion of HFs without errors has increased from 77.9% to 90.5% in Phase I HFs and from 82.9% to 86.9% in Phase II HFs. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 95.0% and 99.7%, respectively. PPV and NPV were 93.3% and 99.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Decentralizing blinded rechecking of sputum smear microscopy is feasible in low-income settings. While a comprehensive laboratory improvement strategy enhanced the quality of microscopy, laboratory professionals’ capacity in slide reading and smear quality requires continued support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPUTUM -- Examination KW - MICROSCOPY KW - HEALTH facilities KW - QUALITY assurance KW - GOVERNMENT laboratories KW - ETHIOPIA KW - Africa KW - Anatomy KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Body fluids KW - Diagnostic medicine KW - Engineering and technology KW - Ethiopia KW - Fluorescence microscopy KW - Geographical locations KW - Global health KW - Government laboratories KW - Infectious diseases KW - Light microscopy KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microscopy KW - Mucus KW - People and places KW - Physiology KW - Public and occupational health KW - Quality assurance KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Research facilities KW - Research laboratories KW - Sputum KW - Systems engineering KW - Tropical diseases KW - Tuberculosis KW - Tuberculosis diagnosis and management N1 - Accession Number: 113873239; Melese, Muluken 1; Email Address: mmelese@msh.org Jerene, Degu 1 Alem, Genetu 2 Seid, Jemal 1 Belachew, Feleke 3 Kassie, Yewulsew 1 Habte, Dereje 1 Negash, Solomon 1 Ayana, Gonfa 4 Girma, Belaineh 1 Haile, Yared K. 5 Hiruy, Nebiyu 1 Suarez, Pedro G. 6; Affiliation: 1: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2: Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 3: Oromia Regional Reference Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 6: Management Sciences for Health, Center for Health Services, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America; Source Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: SPUTUM -- Examination; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: HEALTH facilities; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT laboratories; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterial diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Body fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineering and technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethiopia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescence microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Government laboratories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mucus; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality assurance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research facilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research laboratories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sputum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systems engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis diagnosis and management; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0151366 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113873239&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaufman, Michelle R. AU - Smelyanskaya, Marina AU - Van Lith, Lynn M. AU - Mallalieu, Elizabeth C. AU - Waxman, Aliza AU - Hatzhold, Karin AU - Marcell, Arik V. AU - Kasedde, Susan AU - Lija, Gissenge AU - Hasen, Nina AU - Ncube, Gertrude AU - Samuelson, Julia L. AU - Bonnecwe, Collen AU - Seifert-Ahanda, Kim AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Tobian, Aaron A. R. T1 - Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and Implications for the Provision of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Results of a Systematic Literature Review. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/03/03/ VL - 11 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a critical HIV prevention tool. Since 2007, sub-Saharan African countries with the highest prevalence of HIV have been mobilizing resources to make VMMC available. While implementers initially targeted adult men, demand has been highest for boys under age 18. It is important to understand how male adolescents can best be served by quality VMMC services. Methods and Findings: A systematic literature review was performed to synthesize the evidence on best practices in adolescent health service delivery specific to males in sub-Saharan Africa. PubMed, Scopus, and JSTOR databases were searched for literature published between January 1990 and March 2014. The review revealed a general absence of health services addressing the specific needs of male adolescents, resulting in knowledge gaps that could diminish the benefits of VMMC programming for this population. Articles focused specifically on VMMC contained little information on the adolescent subgroup. The review revealed barriers to and gaps in sexual and reproductive health and VMMC service provision to adolescents, including structural factors, imposed feelings of shame, endorsement of traditional gender roles, negative interactions with providers, violations of privacy, fear of pain associated with the VMMC procedure, and a desire for elements of traditional non-medical circumcision methods to be integrated into medical procedures. Factors linked to effective adolescent-focused services included the engagement of parents and the community, an adolescent-friendly service environment, and VMMC counseling messages sufficiently understood by young males. Conclusions: VMMC presents an opportune time for early involvement of male adolescents in HIV prevention and sexual and reproductive health programming. However, more research is needed to determine how to align VMMC services with the unique needs of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - REPRODUCTIVE health services KW - SEXUAL health KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - MEDICAL literature -- Reviews KW - Adolescents KW - Adults KW - Africa KW - Age groups KW - Behavior KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Circumcision KW - Geographical locations KW - Health care KW - Health education and awareness KW - HIV KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Organisms KW - Parenting behavior KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Reproductive system procedures KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - South Africa KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses N1 - Accession Number: 113477168; Kaufman, Michelle R. 1; Email Address: MichelleKaufman@jhu.edu Smelyanskaya, Marina 1 Van Lith, Lynn M. 1 Mallalieu, Elizabeth C. 1 Waxman, Aliza 1 Hatzhold, Karin 2 Marcell, Arik V. 3 Kasedde, Susan 4 Lija, Gissenge 5 Hasen, Nina 6 Ncube, Gertrude 7 Samuelson, Julia L. 8 Bonnecwe, Collen 9 Seifert-Ahanda, Kim 10 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 10 Tobian, Aaron A. R. 3; Affiliation: 1: Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 2: Population Services International (PSI), Harare, Zimbabwe 3: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 4: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York, New York, United States of America 5: Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 6: Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC, United States of America 7: Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe 8: World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland 9: National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa 10: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Washington/Global Health Bureau/Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC, United States of America; Source Info: 3/3/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health services; Subject Term: SEXUAL health; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: MEDICAL literature -- Reviews; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adolescents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health education and awareness; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parenting behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproductive system procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0149892 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113477168&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lienhardt, Christian AU - Lönnroth, Knut AU - Menzies, Dick AU - Balasegaram, Manica AU - Chakaya, Jeremiah AU - Cobelens, Frank AU - Cohn, Jennifer AU - Denkinger, Claudia M. AU - Evans, Thomas G. AU - Källenius, Gunilla AU - Kaplan, Gilla AU - Kumar, Ajay M. V. AU - Matthiessen, Line AU - Mgone, Charles S. AU - Mizrahi, Valerie AU - Mukadi, Ya-diul AU - Nguyen, Viet Nhung AU - Nordström, Anders AU - Sizemore, Christine F. AU - Spigelman, Melvin T1 - Translational Research for Tuberculosis Elimination: Priorities, Challenges, and Actions. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2016/03/02/ VL - 13 IS - 3 M3 - journal article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Christian Lienhardt and colleagues describe the research efforts needed to end the global tuberculosis epidemic by 2035. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - POINT-of-care testing KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Vaccination KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention KW - TUBERCULOSIS patients -- Medical care KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Collection Review KW - Diagnostic medicine KW - Drug interactions KW - Drug research and development KW - Drug therapy KW - Global health KW - Health care KW - Health services research KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Pharmaceutics KW - Pharmacology KW - Public and occupational health KW - Social research KW - Social sciences KW - Sociology KW - Tropical diseases KW - Tuberculosis KW - Tuberculosis diagnosis and management N1 - Accession Number: 113454868; Lienhardt, Christian 1; Email Address: lienhardtc@who.int Lönnroth, Knut 1 Menzies, Dick 2 Balasegaram, Manica 3 Chakaya, Jeremiah 4 Cobelens, Frank 5 Cohn, Jennifer 3 Denkinger, Claudia M. 6 Evans, Thomas G. 7 Källenius, Gunilla 8 Kaplan, Gilla 9 Kumar, Ajay M. V. 10 Matthiessen, Line 11 Mgone, Charles S. 12 Mizrahi, Valerie 13 Mukadi, Ya-diul 14 Nguyen, Viet Nhung 15 Nordström, Anders 16 Sizemore, Christine F. 17 Spigelman, Melvin 18; Affiliation: 1: World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland 2: Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada 3: Access Campaign, Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland 4: Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya 5: Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands 6: FIND Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland 7: Aeras, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America 8: Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 9: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 10: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India 11: DG Research & Innovation, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium 12: The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), The Hague, The Netherlands 13: Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 14: USAID, Washington, D.C., United States of America 15: National TB Programme, National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam 16: Ambassador for Global Health, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Stockholm, Sweden 17: Tuberculosis, Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America 18: Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York, United States of America; Source Info: 3/2/2016, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: POINT-of-care testing; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Vaccination; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS patients -- Medical care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterial diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collection Review; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drug interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drug research and development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drug therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmaceutics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmacology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sociology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis diagnosis and management; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001965 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113454868&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 113454868 T1 - Translational Research for Tuberculosis Elimination: Priorities, Challenges, and Actions. AU - Lienhardt, Christian AU - Lönnroth, Knut AU - Menzies, Dick AU - Balasegaram, Manica AU - Chakaya, Jeremiah AU - Cobelens, Frank AU - Cohn, Jennifer AU - Denkinger, Claudia M. AU - Evans, Thomas G. AU - Källenius, Gunilla AU - Kaplan, Gilla AU - Kumar, Ajay M. V. AU - Matthiessen, Line AU - Mgone, Charles S. AU - Mizrahi, Valerie AU - Mukadi, Ya-diul AU - Nguyen, Viet Nhung AU - Nordström, Anders AU - Sizemore, Christine F. AU - Spigelman, Melvin Y1 - 2016/03/02/ N1 - Accession Number: 113454868. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161125. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. Instrumentation: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Grant Information: 001//World Health Organization/International. NLM UID: 101231360. KW - Antitubercular Agents -- Therapeutic Use KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- Therapeutic Use KW - Disease Eradication KW - Tuberculosis -- Prevention and Control KW - Tuberculosis -- Drug Therapy KW - World Health KW - Research KW - World Health Organization KW - Research, Medical KW - Drug Discovery KW - Scales SP - 1 EP - 11 JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine JA - PLOS MED VL - 13 IS - 3 CY - San Francisco, California PB - Public Library of Science AB - Christian Lienhardt and colleagues describe the research efforts needed to end the global tuberculosis epidemic by 2035. SN - 1549-1277 AD - World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada AD - Access Campaign, Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya AD - Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands AD - FIND Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Aeras, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America AD - Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America AD - International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India AD - DG Research & Innovation, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium AD - The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), The Hague, The Netherlands AD - Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa AD - USAID, Washington, D.C., United States of America AD - National TB Programme, National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam AD - Ambassador for Global Health, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Tuberculosis, Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America AD - Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York, United States of America U2 - PMID: 26933883. DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001965 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=113454868&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tupasi, Thelma E. AU - G. Garfin, Anna Marie Celina AU - Kurbatova, Ekaterina V. AU - Mangan, Joan M. AU - Orillaza-Chi, Ruth AU - Naval, Leilani C. AU - Balane, Glenn I. AU - Basilio, Ramon AU - Golubkov, Alexander AU - Joson, Evelyn S. AU - Lew, Woo-jin AU - Lofranco, Vivian AU - Mantala, Mariquita AU - Pancho, Stuart AU - Sarol Jr., Jesus N. AU - Garfin, Anna Marie Celina G AU - Sarol, Jesus N Jr T1 - Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up during Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, the Philippines, 2012-2014. JO - Emerging Infectious Diseases JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2016/03// VL - 22 IS - 3 M3 - journal article SP - 491 EP - 502 PB - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) SN - 10806040 AB - To identify factors associated with loss to follow-up during treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in the Philippines, we conducted a case-control study of adult patients who began receiving treatment for rifampin-resistant TB during July 1-December 31, 2012. Among 91 case-patients (those lost to follow-up) and 182 control-patients (those who adhered to treatment), independent factors associated with loss to follow-up included patients' higher self-rating of the severity of vomiting as an adverse drug reaction and alcohol abuse. Protective factors included receiving any type of assistance from the TB program, better TB knowledge, and higher levels of trust in and support from physicians and nurses. These results provide insights for designing interventions aimed at reducing patient loss to follow-up during treatment for MDR TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Emerging Infectious Diseases is the property of Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis KW - Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- Treatment KW - Tuberculosis patients KW - Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis KW - Philippines N1 - Accession Number: 113314497; Tupasi, Thelma E. 1; Email Address: tetupasi@yahoo.com; G. Garfin, Anna Marie Celina 2; Kurbatova, Ekaterina V. 3; Mangan, Joan M. 3; Orillaza-Chi, Ruth 4; Naval, Leilani C. 1; Balane, Glenn I. 1; Basilio, Ramon 2; Golubkov, Alexander 5; Joson, Evelyn S. 1; Lew, Woo-jin 6; Lofranco, Vivian 7; Mantala, Mariquita 8; Pancho, Stuart 7; Sarol Jr., Jesus N. 1; Garfin, Anna Marie Celina G; Sarol, Jesus N Jr; Affiliations: 1: Tropical Disease Foundation, Inc., Makati City, the Philippines; 2: Department of Health, Manila, the Philippines; 3: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 4: Philippine Business for Social Progress-Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis Project, Manila; 5: US Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA; 6: World Health Organization Philippines, Manila; 7: Lung Center of the Philippines, Manila; 8: Technical Assistance to the Countries-USAID-funded activity, Manila; Issue Info: Mar2016, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p491; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; Subject Term: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- Treatment; Subject Term: Tuberculosis patients; Subject Term: Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis; Subject: Philippines; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Charts; Document Type: journal article; Full Text Word Count: 8200 L3 - 10.3201/eid2203.151788 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113314497&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 113314497 T1 - Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up during Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, the Philippines, 2012-2014. AU - Tupasi, Thelma E. AU - G. Garfin, Anna Marie Celina AU - Kurbatova, Ekaterina V. AU - Mangan, Joan M. AU - Orillaza-Chi, Ruth AU - Naval, Leilani C. AU - Balane, Glenn I. AU - Basilio, Ramon AU - Golubkov, Alexander AU - Joson, Evelyn S. AU - Lew, Woo-jin AU - Lofranco, Vivian AU - Mantala, Mariquita AU - Pancho, Stuart AU - Sarol Jr., Jesus N. AU - Garfin, Anna Marie Celina G AU - Sarol, Jesus N Jr Y1 - 2016/03// N1 - Accession Number: 113314497. Language: English. Entry Date: 20161122. Revision Date: 20170104. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. Instrumentation: Self-Rating Depression Scale. NLM UID: 9508155. KW - Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant -- Epidemiology KW - Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant -- History KW - Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant -- Drug Therapy KW - Middle Age KW - History KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Antitubercular Agents -- Therapeutic Use KW - Case Control Studies KW - Philippines KW - Odds Ratio KW - Adolescence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Young Adult KW - Risk Factors KW - Aged KW - Male KW - Self-Rating Depression Scale SP - 491 EP - 502 JO - Emerging Infectious Diseases JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases JA - EMERGING INFECT DIS VL - 22 IS - 3 CY - Atlanta, Georgia PB - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) AB - To identify factors associated with loss to follow-up during treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in the Philippines, we conducted a case-control study of adult patients who began receiving treatment for rifampin-resistant TB during July 1-December 31, 2012. Among 91 case-patients (those lost to follow-up) and 182 control-patients (those who adhered to treatment), independent factors associated with loss to follow-up included patients' higher self-rating of the severity of vomiting as an adverse drug reaction and alcohol abuse. Protective factors included receiving any type of assistance from the TB program, better TB knowledge, and higher levels of trust in and support from physicians and nurses. These results provide insights for designing interventions aimed at reducing patient loss to follow-up during treatment for MDR TB. SN - 1080-6040 AD - Tropical Disease Foundation, Inc., Makati City, the Philippines AD - Department of Health, Manila, the Philippines AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA AD - Philippine Business for Social Progress-Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis Project, Manila AD - US Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA AD - World Health Organization Philippines, Manila AD - Lung Center of the Philippines, Manila AD - Technical Assistance to the Countries-USAID-funded activity, Manila U2 - PMID: 26889786. DO - 10.3201/eid2203.151788 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=113314497&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - NEWS AU - Khan, Shahbaz T1 - Opinion Editorial: Sustainable Development Goal 6 and Agenda 2030--A Paradigm Shift in Water Management to Realise the Future We Want for All. JO - New Water Policy & Practice JF - New Water Policy & Practice Y1 - 2016///Spring2016 VL - 2 IS - 2 M3 - Editorial SP - 3 EP - 9 PB - Policy Studies Organization AB - The author provides information on Agenda 2030 and sustainable development goals, including information on water problems, water management, and water technologies. KW - Water conservation projects KW - Water efficiency -- Equipment & supplies KW - Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations) N1 - Accession Number: 117432172; Khan, Shahbaz 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Director, Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, UNESCO; 2: New Water Policy and Practice International Advisory Board; Issue Info: Spring2016, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p3; Thesaurus Term: Water conservation projects; Subject Term: Water efficiency -- Equipment & supplies; Reviews & Products: Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.18278/nwpp.2.2.2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117432172&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lane, Jeffrey AU - Verani, Andre AU - Hijazi, Mai AU - Hurley, Erin AU - Hagopian, Amy AU - Judice, Nicole AU - MacInnis, Ron AU - Sanford, Sallie AU - Zelek, Sarah AU - Katz, Aaron T1 - Monitoring HIV and AIDS Related Policy Reforms: A Road Map to Strengthen Policy Monitoring and Implementation in PEPFAR Partner Countries. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/02/25/ VL - 11 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Achieving an AIDS-free generation will require the adoption and implementation of critical health policy reforms. However, countries with high HIV burden often have low policy development, advocacy, and monitoring capacity. This lack of capacity may be a significant barrier to achieving the AIDS-free generation goals. This manuscript describes the increased focus on policy development and implementation by the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). It evaluates the curriculum and learning modalities used for two regional policy capacity building workshops organized around the PEPFAR Partnership Framework agreements and the Road Map for Monitoring and Implementing Policy Reforms. A total of 64 participants representing the U.S. Government, partner country governments, and civil society organizations attended the workshops. On average, participants responded that their policy monitoring skills improved and that they felt they were better prepared to monitor policy reforms three months after the workshop. When followed-up regarding utilization of the Road Map action plan, responses were mixed. Reasons cited for not making progress included an inability to meet or a lack of time, personnel, or governmental support. This lack of progress may point to a need for building policy monitoring systems in high HIV burden countries. Because the success of policy reforms cannot be measured by the mere adoption of written policy documents, monitoring the implementation of policy reforms and evaluating their public health impact is essential. In many high HIV burden countries, policy development and monitoring capacity remains weak. This lack of capacity could hinder efforts to achieve the ambitious AIDS-free generation treatment, care and prevention goals. The Road Map appears to be a useful tool for strengthening these critical capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - MEDICAL policy KW - PUBLIC health KW - EMERGENCY medicine KW - CIVIL society KW - Africa KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Economics KW - Education KW - Finance KW - Geographical locations KW - Governments KW - Health care KW - Health care policy KW - HIV KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Lentivirus KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Monetary policy KW - Organisms KW - Pathogens KW - Pathology and laboratory medicine KW - People and places KW - Political science KW - Public finance KW - Public policy KW - Research Article KW - Retroviruses KW - RNA viruses KW - Social sciences KW - Sociology KW - South Africa KW - Viral pathogens KW - Viruses KW - Workshops N1 - Accession Number: 113286728; Lane, Jeffrey 1,2,3; Email Address: lanej3@u.washington.edu Verani, Andre 4 Hijazi, Mai 5 Hurley, Erin 4 Hagopian, Amy 1 Judice, Nicole 6 MacInnis, Ron 6 Sanford, Sallie 2 Zelek, Sarah 1 Katz, Aaron 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 2: School of Law, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 3: Foster Pepper, PLLC, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 4: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America 5: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 6: Health Policy Project, Futures Group, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: 2/25/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: EMERGENCY medicine; Subject Term: CIVIL society; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Education; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Governments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lentivirus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monetary policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathology and laboratory medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Political science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public finance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroviruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sociology; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Workshops; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0146720 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113286728&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woelk, Godfrey B. AU - Kieffer, Mary Pat AU - Walker, Damilola AU - Mpofu, Daphne AU - Machekano, Rhoderick AU - Project ACCLAIM Study Group T1 - Evaluating the effectiveness of selected community-level interventions on key maternal, child health, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV outcomes in three countries (the ACCLAIM Project): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JO - Trials JF - Trials Y1 - 2016/02/16/ VL - 17 M3 - journal article SP - 1 EP - 16 SN - 17456215 AB - Background: Efforts to scale up and improve programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) have focused primarily at the health facility level, and limited attention has been paid to defining an effective set of community interventions to improve demand and uptake of services and retention. Many barriers to PMTCT are also barriers to pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care faced by mothers regardless of HIV status. Demand for maternal and child health (MCH) and PMTCT services can be limited by critical social, cultural, and structural barriers. Yet, rigorous evaluation has shown limited evidence of effectiveness of multilevel community-wide interventions aimed at improving MCH and HIV outcomes for pregnant women living with HIV. We propose to assess the effect of a package of multilevel community interventions: a social learning and action component, community dialogues, and peer-led discussion groups, on the demand for, uptake of, and retention of HIV positive pregnant/postpartum women in MCH/PMTCT services.Methods/design: This study will undertake a three-arm randomized trial in Swaziland, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Districts/regions (n = 9) with 45 PMTCT-implementing health facilities and their catchment areas (populations 7,300-27,500) will be randomly allocated to three intervention arms: 1) community leader engagement, 2) community leader engagement with community days, or 3) community leader engagement with community days and male and female community peer groups. The primary study outcome is HIV exposed infants (HEIs) returning to the health facility within 2 months for early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV. Secondary study outcomes include gestational age of women attending for first antenatal care, male partners tested for HIV, and HEIs receiving nevirapine prophylaxis at birth. Changes in community knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs on MCH/PMTCT will be assessed through household surveys.Discussion: Implementation of the protocol necessitated changes in the original study design. We purposively selected facilities in the districts/regions though originally the study clusters were to be randomly selected. Lifelong antiretroviral therapy for all HIV positive pregnant and lactating women, Option B+, was implemented in the three countries during the study period, with the potential for a differential impact by study arm. Implementation however, was rapidly done across the districts/regions, so that there is unlikely be this potential confounding. We developed a system of monitoring and documentation of potential confounding activities or actions, and these data will be incorporated into analyses at the conclusion of the project. Strengthens of the study are that it tests multilevel interventions, utilizes program as well as study specific and individual data, and it is conducted under "real conditions" leading to more robust findings. Limitations of the protocol include the lack of a true control arm and inadequate control for the potential effect of Option B+, such as the intensification of messages as the importance of early ANC and male partner testing.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (study ID: NCT01971710) Protocol version 5, 30 July 2013, registered 13 August 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Trials is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - RESEARCH KW - VIRUS diseases -- Transmission KW - PREGNANT women -- Health KW - CHILD health services KW - MATERNAL health services KW - Cluster randomized trial KW - Community-level interventions KW - MCH KW - PMTCT KW - Swaziland KW - Uganda KW - Zimbabwe N1 - Accession Number: 113063586; Woelk, Godfrey B. 1; Email Address: gwoelk@pedaids.org Kieffer, Mary Pat 1 Walker, Damilola 2 Mpofu, Daphne 1 Machekano, Rhoderick 1 Project ACCLAIM Study Group; Affiliation: 1: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, 1140 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036, USA 2: USAID/Bureau for Global Health (BGH)/Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2/16/2016, Vol. 17, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Transmission; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: VIRUS diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: PREGNANT women -- Health; Subject Term: CHILD health services; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cluster randomized trial; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community-level interventions; Author-Supplied Keyword: MCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMTCT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Swaziland; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uganda; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zimbabwe; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s13063-016-1202-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113063586&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 113063586 T1 - Evaluating the effectiveness of selected community-level interventions on key maternal, child health, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV outcomes in three countries (the ACCLAIM Project): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. AU - Woelk, Godfrey B. AU - Kieffer, Mary Pat AU - Walker, Damilola AU - Mpofu, Daphne AU - Machekano, Rhoderick Y1 - 2016/02/16/ N1 - Accession Number: 113063586. Corporate Author: Project ACCLAIM Study Group. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170104. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ) (Parker and Zahr); Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI); Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ) (Bates et al); Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT); Attitudes to Treatment Questionnaire (ATQ); Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID); Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) (Holmes and Rahe); Impact of Events Scale (IES); Defining Issues Test (DIT) (Rest). NLM UID: 101263253. KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Disease Transmission, Vertical -- Prevention and Control KW - Protocols KW - Pregnancy KW - Zimbabwe KW - Male KW - Female KW - Human KW - Peer Group KW - Sample Size KW - Patient Selection KW - Social Behavior KW - Switzerland KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Uganda KW - Study Design KW - Validation Studies KW - Comparative Studies KW - Evaluation Research KW - Multicenter Studies KW - Impact of Events Scale KW - Questionnaires KW - Scales KW - Social Readjustment Rating Scale SP - 1 EP - 16 JO - Trials JF - Trials JA - TRIALS VL - 17 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Efforts to scale up and improve programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) have focused primarily at the health facility level, and limited attention has been paid to defining an effective set of community interventions to improve demand and uptake of services and retention. Many barriers to PMTCT are also barriers to pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care faced by mothers regardless of HIV status. Demand for maternal and child health (MCH) and PMTCT services can be limited by critical social, cultural, and structural barriers. Yet, rigorous evaluation has shown limited evidence of effectiveness of multilevel community-wide interventions aimed at improving MCH and HIV outcomes for pregnant women living with HIV. We propose to assess the effect of a package of multilevel community interventions: a social learning and action component, community dialogues, and peer-led discussion groups, on the demand for, uptake of, and retention of HIV positive pregnant/postpartum women in MCH/PMTCT services.Methods/design: This study will undertake a three-arm randomized trial in Swaziland, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Districts/regions (n = 9) with 45 PMTCT-implementing health facilities and their catchment areas (populations 7,300-27,500) will be randomly allocated to three intervention arms: 1) community leader engagement, 2) community leader engagement with community days, or 3) community leader engagement with community days and male and female community peer groups. The primary study outcome is HIV exposed infants (HEIs) returning to the health facility within 2 months for early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV. Secondary study outcomes include gestational age of women attending for first antenatal care, male partners tested for HIV, and HEIs receiving nevirapine prophylaxis at birth. Changes in community knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs on MCH/PMTCT will be assessed through household surveys.Discussion: Implementation of the protocol necessitated changes in the original study design. We purposively selected facilities in the districts/regions though originally the study clusters were to be randomly selected. Lifelong antiretroviral therapy for all HIV positive pregnant and lactating women, Option B+, was implemented in the three countries during the study period, with the potential for a differential impact by study arm. Implementation however, was rapidly done across the districts/regions, so that there is unlikely be this potential confounding. We developed a system of monitoring and documentation of potential confounding activities or actions, and these data will be incorporated into analyses at the conclusion of the project. Strengthens of the study are that it tests multilevel interventions, utilizes program as well as study specific and individual data, and it is conducted under "real conditions" leading to more robust findings. Limitations of the protocol include the lack of a true control arm and inadequate control for the potential effect of Option B+, such as the intensification of messages as the importance of early ANC and male partner testing.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (study ID: NCT01971710) Protocol version 5, 30 July 2013, registered 13 August 2013. SN - 1745-6215 AD - Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, 1140 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036, USA AD - USAID/Bureau for Global Health (BGH)/Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC, USA U2 - PMID: 26883307. DO - 10.1186/s13063-016-1202-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=113063586&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newell, Kevin AU - Kiggundu, Valerian AU - Ouma, Joseph AU - Baghendage, Enos AU - Kiwanuka, Noah AU - Gray, Ronald AU - Serwadda, David AU - Hobbs, Charlotte V. AU - Healy, Sara A. AU - Quinn, Thomas C. AU - Reynolds, Steven J. T1 - Longitudinal household surveillance for malaria in Rakai, Uganda. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2016/02/09/ VL - 15 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: HIV and malaria exert co-pathogenic effects. Malaria surveillance data are necessary for public health strategies to reduce the burden of disease in high HIV prevalence settings. Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study to assess the burden of malaria in rural Rakai, Uganda. Households were visited monthly for 1 year to identify confirmed clinical malaria (CCM), or parasitaemia with temperature >37.5 °C, and asymptomatic parasitaemia (AP). Interviews of the adult or child's caregiver and clinical and laboratory assessments were conducted. Rapid diagnostic testing for malaria and anaemia was performed if participants were febrile and anti-malarial treatment given per Uganda Ministry of Health 2010 guidelines. Blood was drawn at every household visit to assess for parasitaemia, and blood smears were assessed at the Rakai Health Science Programme laboratory. Results: A total of 1640 participants were enrolled, including 975 children aged 6 months up to 10 years, 393 adult caregivers, and 272 adolescent/adult household members from 393 randomly selected households in two representative communities. 1459 (89 %) participants completed all study visits. CCM was identified in 304 (19 %) participants, with the highest incidence rate for CCM of 0.38 per person-year (ppy) identified in children <5 years, and rates decreased with age; the rates were 0.27, 0.16, and 0.09 ppy for ages 5-<10 years, 10-<18 years, and adults 18+ years, respectively. AP was identified in 943 (57 %) participants; the incidence rate was 1.99 ppy for <5 years, 2.72 ppy for 5-<10 years, 2.55 ppy for 10-<18 years, and 0.86 ppy among adults, with 92 % of cases being attributed to Plasmodium falciparum by smear. 994 (61 %) individuals had at least one positive smear; 342 (21 %) had one positive result, 203 (12 %) had two, 115 (7 %) had three, and 334 (21 %) had >3 positive smears during follow-up. Seasonal rates generally followed the rains and peaked during July, then decreased through November before increasing again. Conclusions: Plasmodium falciparum infection remains high in rural Uganda. Increased malaria control interventions should be prioritized. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01265407 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - RESEARCH KW - HIV infections KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - PARASITEMIA KW - PLASMODIUM falciparum KW - Africa KW - Children KW - Epidemiology KW - Household KW - Malaria KW - Rakai KW - Surveillance N1 - Accession Number: 112933530; Newell, Kevin 1 Kiggundu, Valerian 2 Ouma, Joseph 3 Baghendage, Enos 4 Kiwanuka, Noah 5 Gray, Ronald 6 Serwadda, David 3,7 Hobbs, Charlotte V. 8 Healy, Sara A. 9 Quinn, Thomas C. 9,10 Reynolds, Steven J. 3,9,10,11; Email Address: sjr@jhmi.edu; Affiliation: 1: Research Data and Communication Technologies, Inc., Garrett Park, MD, USA 2: Office of HIV/AIDS/Global Health Bureau, USAID Global Health Fellows Program, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington 20523, DC, USA 3: Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda 4: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda 5: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Uganda Program, Entebbe, Uganda 6: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 7: School of Public Health, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda 8: Batson Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA 9: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 10: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 11: NIAID/NIH ICER Program, c/o US Embassy Kampala, P.O. Box 7007, Kampala, Uganda; Source Info: 2/9/2016, Vol. 15, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: PARASITEMIA; Subject Term: PLASMODIUM falciparum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Children; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Household; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rakai; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surveillance; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12936-016-1128-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112933530&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shen, Angela K. AU - Weiss, Jonathan M. AU - Andrus, Jon Kim AU - Pecenka, Clint AU - Atherly, Deborah AU - Taylor, Katherine AU - McQuestion, Michael T1 - Country Ownership And Gavi Transition: Comprehensive Approaches To Supporting New Vaccine Introduction. JO - Health Affairs JF - Health Affairs Y1 - 2016/02// VL - 35 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 272 EP - 276 SN - 02782715 AB - Since the mid-2000s low- and lower-middle-income countries have been focusing on developing and using evidence for immunization policy making, with an increasing emphasis on cost-effectiveness analysis, program costing, and financial flows--particularly for the introduction of newer, more expensive vaccines. While this is critical to informing decisions, countries still need to increase national immunization investment and explore innovative approaches to augment financing of immunization programs. The need for increased financing is especially strong in countries transitioning from support by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. With increased fiscal space to finance health and immunization programs as a result of improved economic performance, low- and lower-middle-income countries can reach the health status enjoyed by wealthier nations within a generation. However, new strategies and approaches related to domestic resources for immunization programs are needed to achieve this goal. Governments will need to increase their investments and modify existing external immunization financing arrangements if country ownership of immunization programs and the full promise of new vaccines are to be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Health Affairs is the property of Project HOPE/HEALTH AFFAIRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IMMUNIZATION KW - COST effectiveness KW - HUMANITARIANISM KW - POLICY sciences KW - PUBLIC administration KW - PUBLIC health KW - GOVERNMENT aid KW - FINANCIAL management KW - ECONOMIC aspects N1 - Accession Number: 112865289; Shen, Angela K. 1; Email Address: angela.shen@hhs.gov Weiss, Jonathan M. 2 Andrus, Jon Kim 3 Pecenka, Clint 4 Atherly, Deborah 5 Taylor, Katherine 6 McQuestion, Michael 7; Affiliation: 1: Senior science policy adviser, National Vaccine Program Office, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C. 2: Finance manager, Supply Division of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Copenhagen, Denmark 3: Executive vice president, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, D.C. 4: Health economist, PATH, Seattle, Washington 5: Director of health economics and outcomes research, PATH 6: Deputy assistant administrator, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development 7: Director, Sustainable Immunization Financing Program, Sabin Vaccine Institute; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p272; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: HUMANITARIANISM; Subject Term: POLICY sciences; Subject Term: PUBLIC administration; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT aid; Subject Term: FINANCIAL management; Subject Term: ECONOMIC aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523920 Portfolio Management; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1418 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112865289&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 112865289 T1 - Country Ownership And Gavi Transition: Comprehensive Approaches To Supporting New Vaccine Introduction. AU - Shen, Angela K. AU - Weiss, Jonathan M. AU - Andrus, Jon Kim AU - Pecenka, Clint AU - Atherly, Deborah AU - Taylor, Katherine AU - McQuestion, Michael Y1 - 2016/02// N1 - Accession Number: 112865289. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160216. Revision Date: 20160216. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 8303128. KW - Immunization -- Economics KW - Financing, Government KW - Humanitarian Aid KW - Immunization -- Organizations KW - Cost Benefit Analysis KW - Policy Making KW - Government KW - Financial Management KW - Public Health SP - 272 EP - 276 JO - Health Affairs JF - Health Affairs JA - HEALTH AFF VL - 35 IS - 2 CY - Bethesda, Maryland PB - Project HOPE/HEALTH AFFAIRS SN - 0278-2715 AD - Senior science policy adviser, National Vaccine Program Office, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C. AD - Finance manager, Supply Division of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Executive vice president, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, D.C. AD - Health economist, PATH, Seattle, Washington AD - Director of health economics and outcomes research, PATH AD - Deputy assistant administrator, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development AD - Director, Sustainable Immunization Financing Program, Sabin Vaccine Institute DO - 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1418 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112865289&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 112693322 T1 - Assessing the Continuum of Care Pathway for Maternal Health in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. AU - Singh, Kavita AU - Story, William AU - Moran, Allisyn Y1 - 2016/02// N1 - Accession Number: 112693322. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160203. Revision Date: 20170131. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Continental Europe; Core Nursing; Europe; Nursing; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: funded by the United StatesAgency for International Development (USAID) through a coopera-tive agreement (GHA-A-00-08-00003-00) with MEASURE Evalua-tion.This work was also supported in part by an R24 CenterGrant (R24 HD050924) and a T32 Training Grant (T32 HD007168). NLM UID: 9715672. KW - Maternal Health Services KW - Continuity of Patient Care KW - Maternal Mortality -- Prevention and Control KW - Human KW - Africa South of the Sahara KW - Asia KW - Family Planning KW - Counseling KW - Prenatal Care KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Female KW - Logistic Regression KW - Funding Source SP - 281 EP - 289 JO - Maternal & Child Health Journal JF - Maternal & Child Health Journal JA - MATERN CHILD HEALTH J VL - 20 IS - 2 CY - , PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1092-7875 AD - MEASURE Evaluation/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27516 USA AD - Global Health Fellows Program II, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington USA DO - 10.1007/s10995-015-1827-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112693322&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-49723-001 AN - 2015-49723-001 AU - Singh, Kavita AU - Story, William T. AU - Moran, Allisyn C. T1 - Assessing the continuum of care pathway for maternal health in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. JF - Maternal and Child Health Journal JO - Maternal and Child Health Journal JA - Matern Child Health J Y1 - 2016/02// VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 281 EP - 289 CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1092-7875 SN - 1573-6628 AD - Singh, Kavita, MEASURE Evaluation/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7445, Chapel Hill, NC, US, 27516 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-49723-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Singh, Kavita; MEASURE Evaluation/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, US. Release Date: 20151102. Correction Date: 20170112. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Continuum of Care; Human Females; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Bangladesh; Ethiopia; Malawi; Nepal; Pakistan; Rwanda; Senegal; Tanzania; Uganda. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Tests & Measures: Demographic and Health Survey. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 9. Issue Publication Date: Feb, 2016. Publication History: First Posted Date: Oct 28, 2015. Copyright Statement: Springer Science+Business Media New York. 2015. AB - Objective: We assess how countries in regions of the world where maternal mortality is highest—South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa—are performing with regards to providing women with vital elements of the continuum of care. Methods: Using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from nine countries including 18,036 women, descriptive and multilevel regression analyses were conducted on four key elements of the continuum of care—at least one antenatal care visit, four or more antenatal care visits, delivery with a skilled birth attendant and postnatal checks for the mother within the first 24 h since birth. Family planning counseling within a year of birth was also included in the descriptive analyses. Results: Results indicated that a major drop-out (> 50 %) occurs early on in the continuum of care between the first antenatal care visit and four or more antenatal care visits. Few women (< 5 %) who do not receive any antenatal care go on to have a skilled delivery or receive postnatal care. Women who receive some or all the elements of the continuum of care have greater autonomy and are richer and more educated than women who receive none of the elements. Conclusion: Understanding where drop-out occurs and who drops out can enable countries to better target interventions. Four or more ANC visits plays a pivotal role within the continuum of care and warrants more programmatic attention. Strategies to ensure that vital services are available to all women are essential in efforts to improve maternal health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Antenatal care KW - Continuum of care KW - Family planning KW - Maternal health KW - PNC KW - Skilled delivery KW - South Asia KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - 2016 KW - Continuum of Care KW - Human Females KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Care KW - 2016 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Grant: Cooperative agreement GHA-A-00-08-00003-00. Other Details: With MEASURE Evaluation. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Sponsor name not included. Grant: R24 HD050924; T32 HD007168. Other Details: To the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1007/s10995-015-1827-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-49723-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - kavita_singh@unc.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trajman, Anete AU - Bastos, Mayara Lisboa AU - Belo, Marcia AU - Calaça, Janaína AU - Gaspar, Júlia AU - Santos, Alexandre Martins dos AU - Santos, Camila Martins dos AU - Brito, Raquel Trindade AU - Wells, William A. AU - Cobelens, Frank G. AU - Vassall, Anna AU - Gomez, Gabriela B. AU - Dos Santos, Alexandre Martins AU - Dos Santos, Camila Martins T1 - Shortened first-line TB treatment in Brazil: potential cost savings for patients and health services. JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research Y1 - 2016/01/22/ VL - 16 M3 - journal article SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14726963 AB - Background: Shortened treatment regimens for tuberculosis are under development to improve treatment outcomes and reduce costs. We estimated potential savings from a societal perspective in Brazil following the introduction of a hypothetical four-month regimen for tuberculosis treatment.Methods: Data were gathered in ten randomly selected health facilities in Rio de Janeiro. Health service costs were estimated using an ingredient approach. Patient costs were estimated from a questionnaire administered to 126 patients. Costs per visits and per case treated were analysed according to the type of therapy: self-administered treatment (SAT), community- and facility-directly observed treatment (community-DOT, facility-DOT).Results: During the last 2 months of treatment, the largest savings could be expected for community-DOT; on average USD 17,351-18,203 and USD 43,660-45,856 (bottom-up and top-down estimates) per clinic. Savings to patients could also be expected as the median (interquartile range) patient-related costs during the two last months were USD 108 (13-291), USD 93 (36-239) and USD 11 (7-126), respectively for SAT, facility-DOT and community-DOT.Conclusion: Introducing a four-month regimen may result in significant cost savings for both the health service and patients, especially the poorest. In particular, a community-DOT strategy, including treatment at home, could maximise health services savings while limiting patient costs. Our cost estimates are likely to be conservative because a 4-month regimen could hypothetically increase the proportion of patients cured by reducing the number of patients defaulting and we did not include the possible cost benefits from the subsequent prevention of costs due to downstream transmission averted and rapid clinical improvement with less side effects in the last two months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Health Services Research is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - RESEARCH KW - MEDICAL care KW - ANTITUBERCULAR agents KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - MEDICAL economics KW - BRAZIL KW - Antitubercular agents KW - Brazil KW - Directly observed therapy KW - Health care costs KW - Tuberculosis N1 - Accession Number: 112428265; Trajman, Anete 1,2,3; Email Address: atrajman@gmail.com Bastos, Mayara Lisboa 1,3 Belo, Marcia 3,4 Calaça, Janaína 3 Gaspar, Júlia 3 Santos, Alexandre Martins dos 3 Santos, Camila Martins dos 3 Brito, Raquel Trindade 5 Wells, William A. 6,7 Cobelens, Frank G. 8 Vassall, Anna 9 Gomez, Gabriela B. 8,9 Dos Santos, Alexandre Martins 3 Dos Santos, Camila Martins 3; Affiliation: 1: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2: McGil University, Montreal, Canada 3: Tuberculosis Scientific League, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4: Souza Marques Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5: Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 6: Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, USA 7: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 8: Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 9: Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Source Info: 1/22/2016, Vol. 16, p1; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: ANTITUBERCULAR agents; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: MEDICAL economics; Subject Term: BRAZIL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antitubercular agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazil; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directly observed therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care costs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s12913-016-1269-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112428265&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 112428265 T1 - Shortened first-line TB treatment in Brazil: potential cost savings for patients and health services. AU - Trajman, Anete AU - Bastos, Mayara Lisboa AU - Belo, Marcia AU - Calaça, Janaína AU - Gaspar, Júlia AU - Santos, Alexandre Martins dos AU - Santos, Camila Martins dos AU - Brito, Raquel Trindade AU - Wells, William A. AU - Cobelens, Frank G. AU - Vassall, Anna AU - Gomez, Gabriela B. AU - Dos Santos, Alexandre Martins AU - Dos Santos, Camila Martins Y1 - 2016/01/22/ N1 - Accession Number: 112428265. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160928. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS) (Jenkins); Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (Bradley and Caldwell). NLM UID: 101088677. KW - Tuberculosis -- Drug Therapy KW - Cost Savings -- Economics KW - Directly Observed Therapy KW - Health Services -- Economics KW - Economics KW - Brazil KW - Cost Benefit Analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Treatment Outcomes KW - Scales SP - 1 EP - 9 JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research JA - BMC HEALTH SERV RES VL - 16 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Shortened treatment regimens for tuberculosis are under development to improve treatment outcomes and reduce costs. We estimated potential savings from a societal perspective in Brazil following the introduction of a hypothetical four-month regimen for tuberculosis treatment.Methods: Data were gathered in ten randomly selected health facilities in Rio de Janeiro. Health service costs were estimated using an ingredient approach. Patient costs were estimated from a questionnaire administered to 126 patients. Costs per visits and per case treated were analysed according to the type of therapy: self-administered treatment (SAT), community- and facility-directly observed treatment (community-DOT, facility-DOT).Results: During the last 2 months of treatment, the largest savings could be expected for community-DOT; on average USD 17,351-18,203 and USD 43,660-45,856 (bottom-up and top-down estimates) per clinic. Savings to patients could also be expected as the median (interquartile range) patient-related costs during the two last months were USD 108 (13-291), USD 93 (36-239) and USD 11 (7-126), respectively for SAT, facility-DOT and community-DOT.Conclusion: Introducing a four-month regimen may result in significant cost savings for both the health service and patients, especially the poorest. In particular, a community-DOT strategy, including treatment at home, could maximise health services savings while limiting patient costs. Our cost estimates are likely to be conservative because a 4-month regimen could hypothetically increase the proportion of patients cured by reducing the number of patients defaulting and we did not include the possible cost benefits from the subsequent prevention of costs due to downstream transmission averted and rapid clinical improvement with less side effects in the last two months. SN - 1472-6963 AD - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - McGil University, Montreal, Canada AD - Tuberculosis Scientific League, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - Souza Marques Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AD - Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, USA AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA AD - Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands AD - Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK U2 - PMID: 26800677. DO - 10.1186/s12913-016-1269-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112428265&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kapata, Nathan AU - Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina AU - Ngosa, William AU - Metitiri, Mine AU - Klinkenberg, Eveline AU - Kalisvaart, Nico AU - Sunkutu, Veronica AU - Shibemba, Aaron AU - Chabala, Chishala AU - Chongwe, Gershom AU - Tembo, Mathias AU - Mulenga, Lutinala AU - Mbulo, Grace AU - Katemangwe, Patrick AU - Sakala, Sandra AU - Chizema-Kawesha, Elizabeth AU - Masiye, Felix AU - Sinyangwe, George AU - Onozaki, Ikushi AU - Mwaba, Peter T1 - The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013–2014. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016/01/15/ VL - 11 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Tuberculosis in Zambia is a major public health problem, however the country does not have reliable baseline data on the TB prevalence for impact measurement; therefore it was among the priority countries identified by the World Health Organization to conduct a national TB prevalence survey Objective: To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among the adult Zambian population aged 15 years and above, in 2013–2014. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 66 clusters across all the 10 provinces of Zambia. Eligible participants aged 15 years and above were screened for TB symptoms, had a chest x-ray (CXR) performed and were offered an HIV test. Participants with TB symptoms and/or CXR abnormality underwent an in-depth interview and submitted one spot- and one morning sputum sample for smear microscopy and liquid culture. Digital data collection methods were used throughout the process. Results: Of the 98,458 individuals who were enumerated, 54,830 (55.7%) were eligible to participate, and 46,099 (84.1%) participated. Of those who participated, 45,633/46,099 (99%) were screened by both symptom assessment and chest x-ray, while 466/46,099 (1.01%) were screened by interview only. 6,708 (14.6%) were eligible to submit sputum and 6,154/6,708 (91.7%) of them submitted at least one specimen for examination. MTB cases identified were 265/6,123 (4.3%). The estimated national adult prevalence of smear, culture and bacteriologically confirmed TB was 319/100,000 (232-406/100,000); 568/100,000 (440-697/100,000); and 638/100,000 (502-774/100,000) population, respectively. The risk of having TB was five times higher in the HIV positive than HIV negative individuals. The TB prevalence for all forms was estimated to be 455 /100,000 population for all age groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis in Zambia was higher than previously estimated. Innovative approaches are required to accelerate the control of TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention KW - BACTERIOLOGY KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - ZAMBIA KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 112321996; Kapata, Nathan 1,2; Email Address: nkapata@gmail.com Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina 2,3 Ngosa, William 3 Metitiri, Mine 3 Klinkenberg, Eveline 4,5 Kalisvaart, Nico 4 Sunkutu, Veronica 6 Shibemba, Aaron 6 Chabala, Chishala 6 Chongwe, Gershom 7 Tembo, Mathias 8 Mulenga, Lutinala 9 Mbulo, Grace 6 Katemangwe, Patrick 6 Sakala, Sandra 3 Chizema-Kawesha, Elizabeth 3 Masiye, Felix 10 Sinyangwe, George 11 Onozaki, Ikushi 12 Mwaba, Peter 13; Affiliation: 1: National TB and Leprosy Control Program, Lusaka, Zambia 2: Centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3: Ministry of Health Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia 4: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands 5: Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 6: University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 7: Department of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia 8: Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia 9: Chest Diseases Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia 10: Department of Economics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia 11: United States Agency for International Development, Country Mission, Lusaka, Zambia 12: Global Tuberculosis Programme, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland 13: Ministry of Home Affairs headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia; Source Info: 1/15/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention; Subject Term: BACTERIOLOGY; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: ZAMBIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0146392 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112321996&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tabah, Earnest Njih AU - Nsagha, Dickson Shey AU - Bissek, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi AU - Njamnshi, Alfred Kongnyu AU - Bratschi, Martin W. AU - Pluschke, Gerd AU - Um Boock, Alphonse T1 - Buruli Ulcer in Cameroon: The Development and Impact of the National Control Programme. JO - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases JF - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Y1 - 2016/01/13/ VL - 10 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19352727 AB - Background: Cameroon is endemic for Buruli ulcer (BU) and organised institutional BU control began in 2002. The objective was to describe the evolution, achievements and challenges of the national BU control programme (NBUCP) and to make suggestions for scaling up the programme. Methods: We analysed collated data on BU from 2001 to 2014 and reviewed activity reports NBUCP in Cameroon. Case-detection rates and key BU control indicators were calculated and plotted on a time scale to determine trends in performance. A linear regression analysis of BU detection rate from 2005–2014 was done. The regression coefficient was tested statistically for the significance in variation of BU detection rate. Principal findings: In 14 years of BU control, 3700 cases were notified. The BU detection rate dropped significantly from 3.89 to 1.45 per 100 000 inhabitants. The number of BU endemic health districts rose from two to 64. Five BU diagnostic and treatment centres are functional and two more are planned for 2015. The health system has been strengthened and BU research and education has gained more interest in Cameroon. Conclusion/Significance: Although institutional BU control Cameroon only began 30 years after the first cases were reported in 1969, a number of milestones have been attained. These would serve as stepping stones for charting the way forward and improving upon control activities in the country if the major challenge of resource allocation is dealt with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BURULI ulcer KW - MYCOBACTERIAL diseases KW - PREVENTION KW - ENDEMIC infections KW - POLYMERASE chain reaction KW - CAMEROON KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 112245443; Tabah, Earnest Njih 1,2,3,4 Nsagha, Dickson Shey 5 Bissek, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi 4,6 Njamnshi, Alfred Kongnyu 4,7; Email Address: aknjamnshi@yahoo.co.uk Bratschi, Martin W. 2,3 Pluschke, Gerd 2,3 Um Boock, Alphonse 7; Affiliation: 1: National Yaws, Leishmaniasis, Leprosy and Buruli ulcer Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon 2: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 3: Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon 4: Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon 5: Department of Operational Research in Health, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon 6: Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon 7: Regional Bureau for Africa of the FAIRMED Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon; Source Info: 1/13/2016, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BURULI ulcer; Subject Term: MYCOBACTERIAL diseases; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: ENDEMIC infections; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: CAMEROON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004224 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112245443&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN ID - 112217877 T1 - Global Financing Facility: where will the funds come from? AU - Jacovella, Diane AU - Evans, Timothy G. AU - Claeson, Mariam AU - Kagia, Ruth AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Y1 - 2016/01/09/ N1 - Accession Number: 112217877. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160304. Revision Date: 20160627. Publication Type: commentary. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - World Health KW - Health Services -- Economics KW - Female KW - Scales SP - 121 EP - 122 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 387 North American Edition IS - 10014 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Global Financing Facility: Where Will the Funds Come From" that was published in the November 7, 2015 issue. SN - 0099-5355 AD - Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Ottawa, Canada. AD - Health, Nutrition, Population Global Practice, The World Bank Group, Washington, DC 20433, USA. AD - Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. AD - Senior Advisor to the President, Nairobi, Kenya. AD - US Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA. U2 - PMID: 26703891. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01273-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112217877&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2016-02726-024 AN - 2016-02726-024 AU - Jacovella, Diane AU - Evans, Timothy G. AU - Claeson, Mariam AU - Kagia, Ruth AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel T1 - Global financing facility: Where will the funds come from? JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2016/01/09/ VL - 387 IS - 10014 SP - 121 EP - 122 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Evans, Timothy G., World Bank Group, Washington, DC, US, 20433 N1 - Accession Number: 2016-02726-024. PMID: 26703891 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Jacovella, Diane; World Bank Group, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20160204. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Letter. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Health Care Services; NGOs. Minor Descriptor: Adolescent Development; Human Females; Intervention. Classification: Community & Social Services (3373). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100); Neonatal (birth-1 mo) (120); Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). References Available: Y. Page Count: 2. Issue Publication Date: Jan 9, 2016. Publication History: First Posted Date: Dec 15, 2015. AB - The recent World Report, shows some misunderstanding about the fundamental aspects of the Global Financing Facility (GFF) for every woman and every child. This facility was established to support financing for the UN Secretary-General's renewed Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health. The GFF aims to scale up resources for underserved women and children by better aligning partners around one country-driven investment case for women and children and harmonizing funding sources. The GFF is much more than a trust fund; it operates as a country platform for collective action, by bringing together funding from domestic and international partners that supports a set of country-defined priorities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH). The GFF focuses specifically on financing evidence based, high impact interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Global Financing Facility KW - trust fund KW - underserved women KW - impact interventions KW - 2016 KW - Health Care Services KW - NGOs KW - Adolescent Development KW - Human Females KW - Intervention KW - 2016 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01273-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-02726-024&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - tgevans@worldbank.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schelar, Erin AU - Polis, Chelsea B. AU - Essam, Timothy AU - Looker, Katharine J. AU - Bruni, Laia AU - Chrisman, Cara J. AU - Manning, Judy T1 - Multipurpose prevention technologies for sexual and reproductive health: mapping global needs for introduction of new preventive products. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2016/01// VL - 93 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 32 EP - 43 SN - 00107824 AB - Objectives: Worldwide, women face sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) combine protection against two or more SRH risks into one product. Male and female condoms are the only currently available MPT products, but several other forms of MPTs are in development. We examined the global distribution of selected SRH issues to determine where various risks have the greatest geographical overlap.Study Design: We examined four indicators relevant to MPTs in development: HIV prevalence, herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence (HSV-2), human papillomavirus prevalence (HPV) and the proportion of women with unmet need for modern contraception. Using ArcGIS Desktop, we mapped these indicators individually and in combination on choropleth and graduated symbol maps. We conducted a principal components analysis to reduce data and enable visual mapping of all four indicators on one graphic to identify overlap.Results: Our findings document the greatest overlapping risks in Sub-Saharan Africa, and we specify countries in greatest need by specific MPT indication.Conclusions: These results can inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation; data limitations also highlight the need for improved (non-HIV) STI surveillance globally.Implications: MPTs are products in development with the potential to empower women to prevent two or more SRH risks. Geographic analysis of overlapping SRH risks demonstrates particularly high need in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study can help to inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SEXUAL health KW - REPRODUCTIVE health KW - PREVENTIVE medicine KW - UNWANTED pregnancy KW - SEXUALLY transmitted diseases KW - HERPES simplex virus KW - HIV KW - HPV KW - HSV-2 KW - Multipurpose prevention technologies KW - Unintended pregnancy N1 - Accession Number: 111528843; Schelar, Erin 1; Email Address: erin.schelar@gmail.com Polis, Chelsea B. 2 Essam, Timothy 3 Looker, Katharine J. 4 Bruni, Laia 5 Chrisman, Cara J. 1 Manning, Judy 1; Affiliation: 1: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, CP3-11090A, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA 2: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 3: Center for Data, Analysis and Research, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA 4: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom 5: Catalan Institute of Oncology, Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 l’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 93 Issue 1, p32; Subject Term: SEXUAL health; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health; Subject Term: PREVENTIVE medicine; Subject Term: UNWANTED pregnancy; Subject Term: SEXUALLY transmitted diseases; Subject Term: HERPES simplex virus; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HSV-2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multipurpose prevention technologies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unintended pregnancy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.09.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111528843&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 111528843 T1 - Multipurpose prevention technologies for sexual and reproductive health: mapping global needs for introduction of new preventive products. AU - Schelar, Erin AU - Polis, Chelsea B. AU - Essam, Timothy AU - Looker, Katharine J. AU - Bruni, Laia AU - Chrisman, Cara J. AU - Manning, Judy Y1 - 2016/01// N1 - Accession Number: 111528843. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160923. Revision Date: 20161119. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Instrumentation: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Grant Information: R24 HD074034/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 0234361. KW - Herpes Genitalis -- Epidemiology KW - Contraception KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Pregnancy, Unplanned KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Geographic Information Systems KW - Young Adult KW - Female KW - Adolescence KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Adult KW - Europe KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Supply and Distribution KW - Herpes Genitalis -- Prevention and Control KW - Middle Age KW - America KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - World Health KW - Prevalence KW - Geographic Locations KW - Africa KW - Pregnancy KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Asia KW - Scales SP - 32 EP - 43 JO - Contraception JF - Contraception JA - CONTRACEPTION VL - 93 IS - 1 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science AB - Objectives: Worldwide, women face sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) combine protection against two or more SRH risks into one product. Male and female condoms are the only currently available MPT products, but several other forms of MPTs are in development. We examined the global distribution of selected SRH issues to determine where various risks have the greatest geographical overlap.Study Design: We examined four indicators relevant to MPTs in development: HIV prevalence, herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence (HSV-2), human papillomavirus prevalence (HPV) and the proportion of women with unmet need for modern contraception. Using ArcGIS Desktop, we mapped these indicators individually and in combination on choropleth and graduated symbol maps. We conducted a principal components analysis to reduce data and enable visual mapping of all four indicators on one graphic to identify overlap.Results: Our findings document the greatest overlapping risks in Sub-Saharan Africa, and we specify countries in greatest need by specific MPT indication.Conclusions: These results can inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation; data limitations also highlight the need for improved (non-HIV) STI surveillance globally.Implications: MPTs are products in development with the potential to empower women to prevent two or more SRH risks. Geographic analysis of overlapping SRH risks demonstrates particularly high need in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study can help to inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation. SN - 0010-7824 AD - Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, CP3-11090A, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA AD - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA AD - Center for Data, Analysis and Research, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA AD - School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom AD - Catalan Institute of Oncology, Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 l’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain U2 - PMID: 26385588. DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.09.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=111528843&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - CHAP ID - 2015-53610-011 AN - 2015-53610-011 AU - Allen, Susan H. AU - Hunsicker, David AU - Kjaer, Mathias AU - Krimmel, Rebekah AU - Plotkin, Gabrielle AU - Skeith, Kelly ED - Patton, Michael Quinn ED - McKegg, Kate ED - Wehipeihana, Nan ED - Patton, Michael Quinn, (Ed) ED - McKegg, Kate, (Ed) ED - Wehipeihana, Nan, (Ed) T1 - Adapted developmental evaluation with USAID's People-to-People Reconciliation Fund Program. T2 - Developmental evaluation exemplars: Principles in practice. Y1 - 2016/// SP - 216 EP - 233 CY - New York, NY, US PB - Guilford Press SN - 978-1-4625-2296-5 SN - 978-1-4625-2297-2 SN - 978-1-4625-2546-1 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-53610-011. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Allen, Susan H.; School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, US. Release Date: 20160314. Publication Type: Book (0200), Edited Book (0280). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Chapter. ISBN: 978-1-4625-2296-5, Paperback; 978-1-4625-2297-2, Hardcover; 978-1-4625-2546-1, EPUB. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Conflict Resolution; Funding; Government Programs; Program Development; Program Evaluation. Minor Descriptor: Globalization. Classification: Social Processes & Social Issues (2900). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS). References Available: Y. Page Count: 18. AB - This chapter presents reflections on the use of developmental evaluation in a conflict resolution context. Specifically, the design of an evaluative learning review that included a developmental evaluation approach is discussed as it was applied in evaluating the People-to-People Reconciliation Fund Program, managed by the United States Agency for International Development's Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation. Although the chapter highlights the compatibility of developmental evaluation and conflict resolution, as both operate in complex adaptive system contexts and emphasize ongoing learning and adaptation, the case study also presents insights on ways developmental evaluation can be integrated as an approach within an evaluation design that includes traditional tools and a focus on accountability and assessment of program performance. Key contributions from developmental evaluation are noted: shaping the reflective process to encourage long-term ongoing learning; creating conversations that themselves have a reconciliation effect; and setting in motion the possibility of changes to the program, once such changes go through the large decision-making structures in the U.S. government. The chapter also notes that developmental evaluation can be compatible with reconciliation program evaluation at the project level, where it can support implementers in making adjustments on the ground for rapid adaptation to changing needs. The full value of developmental evaluation may be more readily visible there than at the global program level described here, where its longer-term contributions are still emerging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - developmental evaluation KW - conflict resolution KW - program performance KW - government programs KW - globalization KW - 2016 KW - Conflict Resolution KW - Funding KW - Government Programs KW - Program Development KW - Program Evaluation KW - Globalization KW - 2016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-53610-011&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grimsrud, Anna AU - Bygrave, Helen AU - Doherty, Meg AU - Ehrenkranz, Peter AU - Ellman, Tom AU - Ferris, Robert AU - Ford, Nathan AU - Killingo, Bactrin AU - Mabote, Lynette AU - Mansell, Tara AU - Reinisch, Annette AU - Zulu, Isaac AU - Bekker, Linda-Gail T1 - Reimagining HIV service delivery: the role of differentiated care from prevention to suppression. JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2016/01// VL - 19 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 3 SN - 17582652 N1 - Accession Number: 120241490; Grimsrud, Anna 1; Email Address: anna.grimsrud@iasociety.org Bygrave, Helen 2 Doherty, Meg 3 Ehrenkranz, Peter 4 Ellman, Tom 2 Ferris, Robert 5 Ford, Nathan 3,6 Killingo, Bactrin 7 Mabote, Lynette 8 Mansell, Tara 1 Reinisch, Annette 9 Zulu, Isaac 10 Bekker, Linda-Gail 1,6,11; Affiliation: 1: International AIDS Society, Cape Town, South Africa. 2: Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa. 3: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 4: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. 5: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA. 6: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 7: International Treatment Preparedness Coalition, Nairobi, Kenya. 8: AIDS Rights Alliance of Southern Africa, Cape Town, South Africa. 9: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. 10: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. 11: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p1; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.7448/IAS.19.1.21484 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120241490&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Waite, Anya M. AU - Beckley, Lynnath E. AU - Guidi, Lionel AU - Landrum, Jason P. AU - Holliday, David AU - Montoya, Joseph AU - Paterson, Harriet AU - Feng, Ming AU - Thompson, Peter A. AU - Raes, Eric J. T1 - Cross-shelf transport, oxygen depletion, and nitrate release within a forming mesoscale eddy in the eastern Indian Ocean. JO - Limnology & Oceanography JF - Limnology & Oceanography Y1 - 2016/01// VL - 61 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 103 EP - 121 SN - 00243590 AB - Mesoscale eddies may drive a significant component of cross-shelf transport important in the ecology of shelf ecosystems and adjacent boundary currents. The Leeuwin Current in the eastern Indian Ocean becomes unstable in the austral autumn triggering the formation of eddies. We hypothesized that eddy formation represented the major driver of cross-shelf transport during the autumn. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler profiles confirmed periodic offshore movement of ∼2 Sv of shelf waters into the forming eddy from the shelf, carrying a load of organic particles (>0.06 mm). The gap between inflow and outflow then closed, such that the eddy became isolated from further direct input of shelf waters. Drifter tracks supported an anticyclonic surface flow peaking at the eddy perimeter and decreasing in velocity at the eddy center. Oxygen and nutrient profiles suggested rapid remineralization of nitrate mid-depth in the isolated water mass as it rotated, with a total drawdown of oxygen of 3.6 mol m−2 to 350 m. Depletion of oxygen, and release of nitrate, occurred on the timescale of ∼1 week. We suggest that N supply and N turnover are rapid in this system, such that nitrate is acting primarily as a regenerated nutrient rather than as a source of new nitrogen. We hypothesize that sources of eddy particulate C and N could include particles sourced from coastal primary producers within ∼500 km such as macrophytes and seagrasses known to produce copious detritus, which is prone to resuspension and offshore transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Limnology & Oceanography is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - OXYGEN -- Analysis KW - VELOCITY KW - NITRATES -- Analysis KW - COMPUTER software KW - MASS spectrometers N1 - Accession Number: 112211933; Waite, Anya M. 1 Beckley, Lynnath E. 2 Guidi, Lionel 3,4 Landrum, Jason P. 5,6 Holliday, David 2 Montoya, Joseph 5 Paterson, Harriet 1,7 Feng, Ming 8 Thompson, Peter A. 9 Raes, Eric J. 1; Affiliation: 1: The Oceans Institute and School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia 2: Environmental and Conservation Sciences, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 3: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique 4: Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 5: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology 6: AAAS Overseas Fellow serving at the United States Agency for International Development, San Salvador, El Salvador 7: Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia 8: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences 9: CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p103; Subject Term: OXYGEN -- Analysis; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: NITRATES -- Analysis; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: MASS spectrometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1002/lno.10218 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112211933&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaale, Eliangiringa AU - Hope, Samuel M. AU - Jenkins, David AU - Layloff, Thomas T1 - Implementation of 350-2500 nm diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography to rapidly assess manufacturing consistency and quality of cotrimoxazole tablets in Tanzania. JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health Y1 - 2016/01// VL - 21 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 61 EP - 69 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13602276 AB - OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of cotrimoxazole tablets produced by a Tanzanian manufacturer by a newly instituted quality assurance programme. METHODS Tablets underwent a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy procedure with periodic quality assessment confirmation by assay and dissolution testing using validated HPTLC techniques (including weight variation and disintegration evaluations). RESULTS Based on results from the primary test methods, the first group of product was <80% compliant, whereas subsequent groups reached >99% compliance. CONCLUSIONS This approach provides a model for rapidly assuring product quality of future procurements of other products that is more cost-effective than traditional pharmaceutical testing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CO-trimoxazole KW - THIN layer chromatography KW - TABLETS (Medicine) KW - COST effectiveness KW - QUALITY assurance KW - TANZANIA KW - High-Performance Liquid Chromatography KW - High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography KW - near-infrared KW - Partnership for Supply Chain Management KW - Supply Chain Management System KW - USAID N1 - Accession Number: 112198110; Kaale, Eliangiringa 1 Hope, Samuel M. 2 Jenkins, David 3 Layloff, Thomas 4; Affiliation: 1: Pharm R&D Lab, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 3: Product Quality and Compliance, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA 4: Supply Chain Management System, Arlington, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p61; Subject Term: CO-trimoxazole; Subject Term: THIN layer chromatography; Subject Term: TABLETS (Medicine); Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: TANZANIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: near-infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partnership for Supply Chain Management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supply Chain Management System; Author-Supplied Keyword: USAID; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/tmi.12621 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112198110&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cavanaugh, Joseph S. AU - Kurbatova, Ekaterina AU - Alami, Negar N. AU - Mangan, Joan AU - Sultana, Zinia AU - Ahmed, Shahriar AU - Begum, Vikarunessa AU - Sultana, Sabera AU - Daru, Paul AU - Ershova, Julia AU - Golubkov, Alexander AU - Banu, Sayera AU - Heffelfinger, James D. T1 - Evaluation of community-based treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis in Bangladesh. JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health Y1 - 2016/01// VL - 21 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 131 EP - 139 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13602276 AB - Objective: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB control because it is difficult to diagnose and treat. Community-based programmatic management of drug-resistant TB (cPMDT) has made therapy easier for patients, but data on these models are scarce. Bangladesh initiated cPMDT in 2012, and in 2013, we sought to evaluate programme performance.Methods: In this retrospective review, we abstracted demographic, clinical, microbiologic and treatment outcome data for all patients enrolled in the cPMDT programme over 6 months in three districts of Bangladesh. We interviewed a convenience sample of patients about their experience in the programme.Results: Chart review was performed on 77 patients. Sputum smears and cultures were performed, on average, once every 1.35 and 1.36 months, respectively. Among 74 initially culture-positive patients, 70 (95%) converted their cultures and 69 (93%) patients converted the cultures before the sixth month. Fifty-two (68%) patients had evidence of screening for adverse events. We found written documentation of musculoskeletal complaints for 16 (21%) patients, gastrointestinal adverse events for 16 (21%), hearing loss for eight (10%) and psychiatric events for four (5%) patients; conversely, on interview of 60 patients, 55 (92%) reported musculoskeletal complaints, 54 (90%) reported nausea, 36 (60%) reported hearing loss, and 36 (60%) reported psychiatric disorders.Conclusions: The cPMDT programme in Bangladesh appears to be programmatically feasible and clinically effective; however, inadequate monitoring of adverse events raises some concern. As the programme is brought to scale nationwide, renewed efforts at monitoring adverse events should be prioritised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DRUG resistance KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - OUTCOME assessment (Medical care) KW - MEDICAL screening KW - BANGLADESH KW - Tuberculosis drug-resistance community treatment Bangladesh N1 - Accession Number: 112198114; Cavanaugh, Joseph S. 1 Kurbatova, Ekaterina 1 Alami, Negar N. 1 Mangan, Joan 1 Sultana, Zinia 2 Ahmed, Shahriar 2 Begum, Vikarunessa 3 Sultana, Sabera 3 Daru, Paul 4 Ershova, Julia 1 Golubkov, Alexander 5 Banu, Sayera 2 Heffelfinger, James D. 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 2: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3: Bangladesh Country Office, World Health Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh 4: University Research Company, Dhaka, Bangladesh 5: United States Agency for International Development, Washington D.C, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p131; Subject Term: DRUG resistance; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: OUTCOME assessment (Medical care); Subject Term: MEDICAL screening; Subject Term: BANGLADESH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis drug-resistance community treatment Bangladesh; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621999 All Other Miscellaneous Ambulatory Health Care Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1111/tmi.12625 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112198114&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 112198110 T1 - Implementation of 350-2500 nm diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography to rapidly assess manufacturing consistency and quality of cotrimoxazole tablets in Tanzania. AU - Kaale, Eliangiringa AU - Hope, Samuel M. AU - Jenkins, David AU - Layloff, Thomas Y1 - 2016/01// N1 - Accession Number: 112198110. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170102. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 9610576. SP - 61 EP - 69 JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health JA - TROP MED INT HEALTH VL - 21 IS - 1 CY - Malden, Massachusetts PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 1360-2276 AD - Pharm R&D Lab, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA AD - Product Quality and Compliance, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA AD - Supply Chain Management System, Arlington, VA, USA DO - 10.1111/tmi.12621 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112198110&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 112198114 T1 - Evaluation of community-based treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis in Bangladesh. AU - Cavanaugh, Joseph S. AU - Kurbatova, Ekaterina AU - Alami, Negar N. AU - Mangan, Joan AU - Sultana, Zinia AU - Ahmed, Shahriar AU - Begum, Vikarunessa AU - Sultana, Sabera AU - Daru, Paul AU - Ershova, Julia AU - Golubkov, Alexander AU - Banu, Sayera AU - Heffelfinger, James D. Y1 - 2016/01// N1 - Accession Number: 112198114. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170102. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Grant Information: CC999999//Intramural CDC HHS/United States. NLM UID: 9610576. SP - 131 EP - 139 JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health JA - TROP MED INT HEALTH VL - 21 IS - 1 CY - Malden, Massachusetts PB - Wiley-Blackwell AB - Objective: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB control because it is difficult to diagnose and treat. Community-based programmatic management of drug-resistant TB (cPMDT) has made therapy easier for patients, but data on these models are scarce. Bangladesh initiated cPMDT in 2012, and in 2013, we sought to evaluate programme performance.Methods: In this retrospective review, we abstracted demographic, clinical, microbiologic and treatment outcome data for all patients enrolled in the cPMDT programme over 6 months in three districts of Bangladesh. We interviewed a convenience sample of patients about their experience in the programme.Results: Chart review was performed on 77 patients. Sputum smears and cultures were performed, on average, once every 1.35 and 1.36 months, respectively. Among 74 initially culture-positive patients, 70 (95%) converted their cultures and 69 (93%) patients converted the cultures before the sixth month. Fifty-two (68%) patients had evidence of screening for adverse events. We found written documentation of musculoskeletal complaints for 16 (21%) patients, gastrointestinal adverse events for 16 (21%), hearing loss for eight (10%) and psychiatric events for four (5%) patients; conversely, on interview of 60 patients, 55 (92%) reported musculoskeletal complaints, 54 (90%) reported nausea, 36 (60%) reported hearing loss, and 36 (60%) reported psychiatric disorders.Conclusions: The cPMDT programme in Bangladesh appears to be programmatically feasible and clinically effective; however, inadequate monitoring of adverse events raises some concern. As the programme is brought to scale nationwide, renewed efforts at monitoring adverse events should be prioritised. SN - 1360-2276 AD - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA AD - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh AD - Bangladesh Country Office, World Health Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh AD - University Research Company, Dhaka, Bangladesh AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington D.C, USA U2 - PMID: 26489698. DO - 10.1111/tmi.12625 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112198114&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Awad, Susanne F. AU - Sgaier, Sema K. AU - Tambatamba, Bushimbwa C. AU - Mohamoud, Yousra A. AU - Lau, Fiona K. AU - Reed, Jason B. AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Abu-Raddad, Laith J. T1 - Investigating Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program Efficiency Gains through Subpopulation Prioritization: Insights from Application to Zambia. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/12/30/ VL - 10 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are scaling-up voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC) as an HIV intervention. Emerging challenges in these programs call for increased focus on program efficiency (optimizing program impact while minimizing cost). A novel analytic approach was developed to determine how subpopulation prioritization can increase program efficiency using an illustrative application for Zambia. Methods and Findings: A population-level mathematical model was constructed describing the heterosexual HIV epidemic and impact of VMMC programs (age-structured mathematical (ASM) model). The model stratified the population according to sex, circumcision status, age group, sexual-risk behavior, HIV status, and stage of infection. A three-level conceptual framework was also developed to determine maximum epidemic impact and program efficiency through subpopulation prioritization, based on age, geography, and risk profile. In the baseline scenario, achieving 80% VMMC coverage by 2017 among males 15–49 year old, 12 VMMCs were needed per HIV infection averted (effectiveness). The cost per infection averted (cost-effectiveness) was USD $1,089 and 306,000 infections were averted. Through age-group prioritization, effectiveness ranged from 11 (20–24 age-group) to 36 (45–49 age-group); cost-effectiveness ranged from $888 (20–24 age-group) to $3,300 (45–49 age-group). Circumcising 10–14, 15–19, or 20–24 year old achieved the largest incidence rate reduction; prioritizing 15–24, 15–29, or 15–34 year old achieved the greatest program efficiency. Through geographic prioritization, effectiveness ranged from 9–12. Prioritizing Lusaka achieved the highest effectiveness. Through risk-group prioritization, prioritizing the highest risk group achieved the highest effectiveness, with only one VMMC needed per infection averted; the lowest risk group required 80 times more VMMCs. Conclusion: Epidemic impact and efficiency of VMMC programs can be improved by prioritizing young males (sexually active or just before sexual debut), geographic areas with higher HIV prevalence than the national, and high sexual-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HEALTH programs KW - MATHEMATICAL models KW - ZAMBIA KW - SUB-Saharan Africa KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 112010485; Awad, Susanne F. 1 Sgaier, Sema K. 2,3 Tambatamba, Bushimbwa C. 4 Mohamoud, Yousra A. 1 Lau, Fiona K. 2 Reed, Jason B. 5 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6 Abu-Raddad, Laith J. 1,7,8; Email Address: lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu; Affiliation: 1: Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar 2: Integrated Delivery, Global Development Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 3: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 4: Ministry of Community Development and Mother and Child Health, Lusaka, Zambia 5: Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 6: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 7: Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America 8: College of Public Health, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Source Info: 12/30/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ZAMBIA; Subject Term: SUB-Saharan Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0145729 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112010485&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birhanu, Zewdie AU - Abebe, Lakew AU - Sudhakar, Morankar AU - Dissanayake, Gunawardena AU - Yihdego, Yemane AU - Alemayehu, Guda AU - Yewhalaw, Delenasaw T1 - Access to and use gaps of insecticide-treated nets among communities in Jimma Zone, southwestern Ethiopia: baseline results from malaria education interventions. JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health Y1 - 2015/12/29/ VL - 15 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712458 AB - Background: Malaria remains one of the major public health concerns in Ethiopia. Use of long- lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is the country's key malaria prevention and control strategy. This study intended to determine access to and usage gap of LLINs in malaria endemic settings in Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Data were collected from 798 households in three districts (Mana, Kersa and Goma) of Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia, from December 2013 to January 2014. The data were analyzed using SPSS software package version 17.0. LLINs ownership, access and utilization gap were determined following the procedure developed by Survey and Indicator Task Force of the Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group. To complement the quantitative data, focus group discussions and interviews were conducted with community groups and key informants.Results: In this study, 70.9% (95% CI: 67.8-74.1%) of the surveyed households had at least one LLIN, and 63.0% (95% CI: 59.6-66.3%) had sufficient LLINs for every member of the household. With respect to access, 51.9% (95% CI: 50.5-53.5%) of the population had access to LLIN. Only, 38.4% (95% CI: 36.9-39.9%) had slept under LLIN the previous night with females and children having priority to sleep under LLIN. This gave an overall use to access ratio of 70.2% which resulted in behavior-driven failure of 29.8%. Of the households with sufficient LLIN access, females (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI:1.25-1.83; P = 0.001) and children aged 0-4 years (AOR = 2.28; 95 % CI:1.47-3.53;P = 0.001) were more likely to use LLINs than other household members. Shape of nets, sleeping arrangements, low risk perception, saving nets for future use, awareness and negligence, and perception of low efficacy of the LLINs contributed to behavioral failures.Conclusions: LLIN use was hampered by lack of ownership and most importantly by behavioral driven gaps. This calls for designing and implementing appropriate behavioral change communication strategies to address behavioral failure. Improving access to LLINs also needs attention. Further, it requires moving beyond the traditional messaging approach for evidence based intervention to address specific needs and gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Public Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets KW - PUBLIC health KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - ENDEMIC infections KW - FOCUS groups KW - ETHIOPIA KW - Behavioral change communication KW - Ethiopia KW - LLIN access KW - LLIN ownership KW - LLIN use KW - Long lasting insecticide treated net KW - Malaria N1 - Accession Number: 112017028; Birhanu, Zewdie 1; Email Address: zbkoricha@yahoo.com Abebe, Lakew 1 Sudhakar, Morankar 1 Dissanayake, Gunawardena 2 Yihdego, Yemane 3 Alemayehu, Guda 2 Yewhalaw, Delenasaw 4; Affiliation: 1: Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. 2: President’s Malaria Initiative, United States Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 3: Abt Associates African Indoor Residual Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 4: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.; Source Info: 12/29/2015, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: ENDEMIC infections; Subject Term: FOCUS groups; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavioral change communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethiopia; Author-Supplied Keyword: LLIN access; Author-Supplied Keyword: LLIN ownership; Author-Supplied Keyword: LLIN use; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long lasting insecticide treated net; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s12889-015-2677-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112017028&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 112017028 T1 - Access to and use gaps of insecticide-treated nets among communities in Jimma Zone, southwestern Ethiopia: baseline results from malaria education interventions. AU - Birhanu, Zewdie AU - Abebe, Lakew AU - Sudhakar, Morankar AU - Dissanayake, Gunawardena AU - Yihdego, Yemane AU - Alemayehu, Guda AU - Yewhalaw, Delenasaw Y1 - 2015/12/29/ N1 - Accession Number: 112017028. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160611. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Public Health; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100968562. KW - Protective Devices -- Utilization KW - Malaria -- Prevention and Control KW - Adolescence KW - Focus Groups KW - Ethiopia KW - Health Education KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cognition KW - Cross Sectional Studies KW - Family Characteristics KW - Sleep KW - Female KW - Child KW - Male KW - Public Health SP - 1 EP - 11 JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health JA - BMC PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 15 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Malaria remains one of the major public health concerns in Ethiopia. Use of long- lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is the country's key malaria prevention and control strategy. This study intended to determine access to and usage gap of LLINs in malaria endemic settings in Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Data were collected from 798 households in three districts (Mana, Kersa and Goma) of Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia, from December 2013 to January 2014. The data were analyzed using SPSS software package version 17.0. LLINs ownership, access and utilization gap were determined following the procedure developed by Survey and Indicator Task Force of the Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group. To complement the quantitative data, focus group discussions and interviews were conducted with community groups and key informants.Results: In this study, 70.9% (95% CI: 67.8-74.1%) of the surveyed households had at least one LLIN, and 63.0% (95% CI: 59.6-66.3%) had sufficient LLINs for every member of the household. With respect to access, 51.9% (95% CI: 50.5-53.5%) of the population had access to LLIN. Only, 38.4% (95% CI: 36.9-39.9%) had slept under LLIN the previous night with females and children having priority to sleep under LLIN. This gave an overall use to access ratio of 70.2% which resulted in behavior-driven failure of 29.8%. Of the households with sufficient LLIN access, females (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI:1.25-1.83; P = 0.001) and children aged 0-4 years (AOR = 2.28; 95 % CI:1.47-3.53;P = 0.001) were more likely to use LLINs than other household members. Shape of nets, sleeping arrangements, low risk perception, saving nets for future use, awareness and negligence, and perception of low efficacy of the LLINs contributed to behavioral failures.Conclusions: LLIN use was hampered by lack of ownership and most importantly by behavioral driven gaps. This calls for designing and implementing appropriate behavioral change communication strategies to address behavioral failure. Improving access to LLINs also needs attention. Further, it requires moving beyond the traditional messaging approach for evidence based intervention to address specific needs and gaps. SN - 1471-2458 AD - Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. AD - President’s Malaria Initiative, United States Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AD - Abt Associates African Indoor Residual Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AD - Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. U2 - PMID: 26712366. DO - 10.1186/s12889-015-2677-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112017028&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andrews, Kathryn G. AU - Lynch, Michael AU - Eckert, Erin AU - Gutman, Julie T1 - Missed opportunities to deliver intermittent preventive treatment for malaria to pregnant women 2003-2013: a systematic analysis of 58 household surveys in sub-Saharan Africa. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2015/12/23/ VL - 14 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: Despite the availability of effective preventive measures, including intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy (IPTp), malaria continues to cause substantial disease burden among pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas. IPTp coverage remains low, despite high antenatal care (ANC) attendance. To highlight areas of potential improvement, trends in IPTp coverage were assessed over time, missed opportunities to deliver IPTp at ANC were quantified, and delivery of IPTp was compared to that of tetanus toxoid (TT). Methods: Data from 58 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2003 and 2013 in 31 sub-Saharan African countries, with relevant questions on IPTp, ANC and TT were used to assess ANC attendance, and IPTp and TT delivery. A missed opportunity for IPTp delivery is an ANC visit at which IPTp could have been delivered according to policy but was not. Results: The proportion of pregnant women who received ≥2 doses of IPTp increased in surveyed countries from nearly zero before to a median of 29.6 % (IQR 20.1-42.5 %) seven or more years after IPTp policy adoption. ANC attendance was high (median 76.6 % reported ≥3 visits); however, even seven or more years post policy adoption, a median of 72.9 % (IQR 58.4-79.5 %) ANC visits were missed opportunities to deliver IPTp. Among primigravid women, a median of 61.5 % (IQR 50.9-72.9 %) received two doses of TT; delivery of recommended TT exceeded IPTp in all but one surveyed country. Conclusions: IPTp coverage measured by household surveys is unsatisfactorily low, even many years after policy adoption. The many missed opportunities to deliver IPTp suggest that deficiencies in delivery at ANC are a significant contributing factor to the low coverage levels. High levels of TT delivery indicate capacity to deliver preventive measures at ANC. Further research is required to determine the factors driving the discrepancies between IPTp and TT coverage, and how these may be addressed to improve IPTp coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA in pregnancy KW - PREVENTION KW - MALARIA KW - PRENATAL care KW - HOUSEHOLD surveys KW - TREATMENT KW - SUB-Saharan Africa N1 - Accession Number: 111957640; Andrews, Kathryn G. 1; Email Address: kathryn.andrews@mail.harvard.edu Lynch, Michael 2,3 Eckert, Erin 4 Gutman, Julie 2; Email Address: fff2@cdc.gov; Affiliation: 1: Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 2: Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 3: Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 4: President's Malaria Initiative, USAID, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 12/23/2015, Vol. 14, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA in pregnancy; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: PRENATAL care; Subject Term: HOUSEHOLD surveys; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Subject Term: SUB-Saharan Africa; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12936-015-1033-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111957640&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Makadzange, A. T. AU - Higgins-Biddle, M. AU - Chimukangara, B. AU - Birri, R. AU - Gordon, M. AU - Mahlanza, T. AU - McHugh, G. AU - van Dijk, J. H. AU - Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M. AU - Ndung’u, T. AU - Masimirembwa, C. AU - Phelps, B. AU - Amzel, A. AU - Ojikutu, B. O. AU - Walker, B. D. AU - Ndhlovu, C. E. T1 - Clinical, Virologic, Immunologic Outcomes and Emerging HIV Drug Resistance Patterns in Children and Adolescents in Public ART Care in Zimbabwe. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/12/14/ VL - 10 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 18 SN - 19326203 KW - VIROLOGY KW - IMMUNOLOGY KW - HIV infections KW - PUBLIC art KW - DRUG resistance KW - CROSS-sectional method KW - OUTCOME assessment (Medical care) KW - ZIMBABWE KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 111571250; Makadzange, A. T. 1,2; Email Address: amakadzange@mgh.harvard.edu Higgins-Biddle, M. 3 Chimukangara, B. 2,4 Birri, R. 2 Gordon, M. 5 Mahlanza, T. 2 McHugh, G. 2 van Dijk, J. H. 2 Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M. 6 Ndung’u, T. 5 Masimirembwa, C. 4 Phelps, B. 7 Amzel, A. 7 Ojikutu, B. O. 3 Walker, B. D. 1 Ndhlovu, C. E. 2; Affiliation: 1: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America 2: Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe 3: John Snow Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 4: African Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe 5: HIV Pathogenesis Program, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa 6: Department of Pediatrics, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe 7: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, United States of America; Source Info: 12/14/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: VIROLOGY; Subject Term: IMMUNOLOGY; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: PUBLIC art; Subject Term: DRUG resistance; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: OUTCOME assessment (Medical care); Subject Term: ZIMBABWE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0144057 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111571250&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Haji, Khamis A. AU - Thawer, Narjis G. AU - Khatib, Bakari O. AU - Mcha, Juma H. AU - Rashid, Abdallah AU - Ali, Abdullah S. AU - Jones, Christopher AU - Bagi, Judit AU - Magesa, Stephen M. AU - Ramsan, Mahdi M. AU - Garimo, Issa AU - Greer, George AU - Reithinger, Richard AU - Ngondi, Jeremiah M. T1 - Efficacy, persistence and vector susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic® 300CS) insecticide for indoor residual spraying in Zanzibar. JO - Parasites & Vectors JF - Parasites & Vectors Y1 - 2015/12/09/ VL - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 SN - 17563305 AB - Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of households with insecticide is a principal malaria vector control intervention in Zanzibar. In 2006, IRS using the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrine was introduced in Zanzibar. Following detection of pyrethroid resistance in 2010, an insecticide resistance management plan was proposed, and IRS using bendiocarb was started in 2011. In 2014, bendiocarb was replaced by pirimiphos methyl. This study investigated the residual efficacy of pirimiphos methyl (Actellic® 300CS) sprayed on common surfaces of human dwellings in Zanzibar. Methods: The residual activity of Actellic 300CS was determined over 9 months through bioassay tests that measured the mortality of female Anopheles mosquitoes, exposed to sprayed surfaces under a WHO cone. The wall surfaces included; mud wall, oil or water painted walls, lime washed wall, un-plastered cement block wall and stone blocks. Insecticide susceptibility testing was done to investigate the resistance status of local malaria vectors against Actellic 300CS using WHO protocols; Anopheline species were identified using PCR methods. Results: Baseline tests conducted one-day post-IRS revealed 100 % mortality on all sprayed surfaces. The residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS was maintained on all sprayed surfaces up to 8 months post-IRS. However, the bioassay test conducted 9 months post-IRS showed the 24 h mortality rate to be ≤80 % for lime wash, mud wall, water paint and stone block surfaces. Only oil paint surface retained the recommended residual efficacy beyond 9 months post-IRS, with mortality maintained at ≥97 %. Results of susceptibility tests showed that malaria vectors in Zanzibar were fully (100 %) susceptible to Actellic 300CS. The predominant mosquito vector species was An. arabiensis (76.0 %) in Pemba and An. gambiae (83.5 %) in Unguja. Conclusion: The microencapsulated formulation of pirimiphos methyl (Actellic 300CS) is a highly effective and appropriate insecticide for IRS use in Zanzibar as it showed a relatively prolonged residual activity compared to other products used for the same purpose. The insecticide extends the residual effect of IRS thereby making it possible to effectively protect communities with a single annual spray round reducing overall costs. The insecticide proved to be a useful alternative in insecticide resistance management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Parasites & Vectors is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPRAYING KW - MALARIA KW - INSECTICIDES -- Environmental aspects KW - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects KW - TREATMENT KW - ZANZIBAR -- Social conditions KW - Actellic 300CS KW - Anopheles gambiae ss KW - Indoor residual spraying KW - Insecticide resistance KW - Mosquito mortality KW - Wall surfaces KW - Zanzibar KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 111521314; Haji, Khamis A. 1; Email Address: kahajim@yahoo.com Thawer, Narjis G. 2 Khatib, Bakari O. 1 Mcha, Juma H. 1 Rashid, Abdallah 2 Ali, Abdullah S. 1 Jones, Christopher 3 Bagi, Judit 3 Magesa, Stephen M. 2 Ramsan, Mahdi M. 2 Garimo, Issa 2 Greer, George 4 Reithinger, Richard 5 Ngondi, Jeremiah M. 2; Affiliation: 1: Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania 2: RTI International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 3: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK 4: President's Malaria Initiative/United States Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 5: RTI International, Washington DC, USA; Source Info: 12/9/2015, Vol. 8, p1; Subject Term: SPRAYING; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: INSECTICIDES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Subject Term: ZANZIBAR -- Social conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actellic 300CS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anopheles gambiae ss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indoor residual spraying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insecticide resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mosquito mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wall surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zanzibar; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418390 Agricultural chemical and other farm supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13071-015-1239-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111521314&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - George, Asha AU - Rodriguez, Daniela C. AU - Rasanathan, Kumanan AU - Brandes, Neal AU - Bennett, Sara AU - Rodríguez, Daniela C T1 - iCCM policy analysis: strategic contributions to understanding its character, design and scale up in sub-Saharan Africa. JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning Y1 - 2015/12/02/2015 Supplement VL - 30 M3 - journal article SP - ii3 EP - ii11 SN - 02681080 AB - Pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria remain leading causes of death for children under 5 years of age and access to effective and appropriate treatment for sick children is extremely low where it is needed most. Integrated community case management (iCCM) enables community health workers to provide basic lifesaving treatment for sick children living in remote communities for these diseases. While many governments in sub-Saharan Africa recently changed policies to support iCCM, large variations in implementation remain. As a result, the collaboration represented in this supplement examined the policy processes underpinning iCCM through qualitative case study research in six purposively identified countries (Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique) and the global context. We introduce the supplement, by reviewing how policy analysis can inform: (a) how we frame iCCM and negotiate its boundaries, (b) how we tailor iCCM for national health systems and (c) how we foster accountability and learning for iCCM. In terms of framing, iCCM boundaries reflect how an array of actors use evidence to prioritize particular aspects of child mortality (lack of access to treatment), and how this underpins the ability to reach consensus and legitimate specific policy enterprises. When promoted at national level, contextual health system factors, such as the profile of CHWs and the history of primary health care, cannot be ignored. Adaptation to these contextual realities may lead to unintended consequences not forseen by technical or managerial expertize alone. Further scaling up of iCCM requires understanding of the political accountabilities involved, how ownership can be fostered and learning for improved policies and programs sustained. Collectively these articles demonstrate that iCCM, although often compartmentalized as a technical intervention, also reflects the larger and messier real world of health politics, policy and practice, for which policy analysis is vital, as an integral component of public health programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DISEASE management KW - DIARRHEA -- Treatment KW - HEALTH programs KW - MEDICAL policy KW - AFRICA, Sub-Saharan KW - Child health KW - community case management KW - policy analysis KW - policy process N1 - Accession Number: 110616570; George, Asha 1; Email Address: ageorg22@jhu.edu; Rodriguez, Daniela C. 1; Rasanathan, Kumanan 2; Brandes, Neal 3; Bennett, Sara 1; Rodríguez, Daniela C 1; Affiliations: 1: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: UNICEF, Health Section, New York, NY, USA; 3: USAID, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: 2015 Supplement, Vol. 30, pii3; Subject Term: DISEASE management; Subject Term: DIARRHEA -- Treatment; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject: AFRICA, Sub-Saharan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Child health; Author-Supplied Keyword: community case management; Author-Supplied Keyword: policy analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: policy process; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1093/heapol/czv096 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=110616570&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 110616570 T1 - iCCM policy analysis: strategic contributions to understanding its character, design and scale up in sub-Saharan Africa. AU - George, Asha AU - Rodriguez, Daniela C. AU - Rasanathan, Kumanan AU - Brandes, Neal AU - Bennett, Sara AU - Rodríguez, Daniela C Y1 - 2015/12/02/2015 Supplement N1 - Accession Number: 110616570. Language: English. Entry Date: 20170127. Revision Date: 20170127. Publication Type: journal article. Supplement Title: 2015 Supplement. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool (BKAT); Profile of Mood States (POMS); Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI); Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). NLM UID: 8610614. KW - Case Management KW - Policy Making KW - Community Health Services KW - Africa South of the Sahara KW - Male KW - Human KW - Child, Preschool KW - Community Health Workers KW - Female KW - Validation Studies KW - Comparative Studies KW - Evaluation Research KW - Multicenter Studies KW - Clinical Assessment Tools KW - Scales SP - ii3 EP - ii11 JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning JA - HEALTH POLICY PLANN VL - 30 PB - Oxford University Press / USA AB - Pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria remain leading causes of death for children under 5 years of age and access to effective and appropriate treatment for sick children is extremely low where it is needed most. Integrated community case management (iCCM) enables community health workers to provide basic lifesaving treatment for sick children living in remote communities for these diseases. While many governments in sub-Saharan Africa recently changed policies to support iCCM, large variations in implementation remain. As a result, the collaboration represented in this supplement examined the policy processes underpinning iCCM through qualitative case study research in six purposively identified countries (Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique) and the global context. We introduce the supplement, by reviewing how policy analysis can inform: (a) how we frame iCCM and negotiate its boundaries, (b) how we tailor iCCM for national health systems and (c) how we foster accountability and learning for iCCM. In terms of framing, iCCM boundaries reflect how an array of actors use evidence to prioritize particular aspects of child mortality (lack of access to treatment), and how this underpins the ability to reach consensus and legitimate specific policy enterprises. When promoted at national level, contextual health system factors, such as the profile of CHWs and the history of primary health care, cannot be ignored. Adaptation to these contextual realities may lead to unintended consequences not forseen by technical or managerial expertize alone. Further scaling up of iCCM requires understanding of the political accountabilities involved, how ownership can be fostered and learning for improved policies and programs sustained. Collectively these articles demonstrate that iCCM, although often compartmentalized as a technical intervention, also reflects the larger and messier real world of health politics, policy and practice, for which policy analysis is vital, as an integral component of public health programming. SN - 0268-1080 AD - Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA AD - UNICEF, Health Section, New York, NY, USA AD - USAID, Washington, DC, USA U2 - PMID: 26516148. DO - 10.1093/heapol/czv096 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=110616570&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - STORMS, A. D. AU - KUSRIASTUTI, R. AU - MISRIYAH, S. AU - PRAPTININGSIH, C. Y. AU - AMALYA, M. AU - LAFOND, K. E. AU - SAMAAN, G. AU - TRIADA, R. AU - IULIANO, A. D. AU - ESTER, M. AU - SIDJABAT, R. AU - CHITTENDEN, K. AU - VOGEL, R. AU - WIDDOWSON, M. A. AU - MAHONEY, F. AU - UYEKI, T. M. T1 - The East Jakarta Project: surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) and seasonal influenza viruses in patients seeking care for respiratory disease, Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2011-September 2012. JO - Epidemiology & Infection JF - Epidemiology & Infection Y1 - 2015/12// VL - 143 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 3394 EP - 3404 SN - 09502688 AB - Indonesia has reported the most human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus worldwide. We implemented enhanced surveillance in four outpatient clinics and six hospitals for HPAI H5N1 and seasonal influenza viruses in East Jakarta district to assess the public health impact of influenza in Indonesia. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI); respiratory specimens were obtained for influenza testing by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. During October 2011–September 2012, 1131/3278 specimens from ILI cases (34·5%) and 276/1787 specimens from SARI cases (15·4%) tested positive for seasonal influenza viruses. The prevalence of influenza virus infections was highest during December–May and the proportion testing positive was 76% for ILI and 36% for SARI during their respective weeks of peak activity. No HPAI H5N1 virus infections were identified, including hundreds of ILI and SARI patients with recent poultry exposures, whereas seasonal influenza was an important contributor to acute respiratory disease in East Jakarta. Overall, 668 (47%) of influenza viruses were influenza B, 384 (27%) were A(H1N1)pdm09, and 359 (25%) were H3. While additional data over multiple years are needed, our findings suggest that seasonal influenza prevention efforts, including influenza vaccination, should target the months preceding the rainy season. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Epidemiology & Infection is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - VACCINATION KW - Public health KW - Avian influenza A virus KW - Seasonal influenza KW - Influenza KW - Outpatient medical care KW - Jakarta (Indonesia) KW - avian flu KW - Influenza KW - influenza (seasonal) KW - surveillance N1 - Accession Number: 110516651; STORMS, A. D. 1,2; KUSRIASTUTI, R. 3; MISRIYAH, S. 3; PRAPTININGSIH, C. Y. 4; AMALYA, M. 4; LAFOND, K. E. 1; SAMAAN, G. 4; TRIADA, R. 3; IULIANO, A. D. 1; ESTER, M. 4; SIDJABAT, R. 3; CHITTENDEN, K. 5; VOGEL, R. 6; WIDDOWSON, M. A. 1; MAHONEY, F. 1; UYEKI, T. M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Influenza Division. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: Epidemic Intelligence Service. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; 3: Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4: Influenza Division. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Jakarta, Indonesia; 5: United States Agency for International Development, Jakarta, Indonesia; 6: USAID/DELIVER PROJECT, John Snow, International, Jakarta Field Office, Jakarta, Indonesia; Issue Info: Dec2015, Vol. 143 Issue 16, p3394; Thesaurus Term: VACCINATION; Thesaurus Term: Public health; Subject Term: Avian influenza A virus; Subject Term: Seasonal influenza; Subject Term: Influenza; Subject Term: Outpatient medical care; Subject: Jakarta (Indonesia); Author-Supplied Keyword: avian flu; Author-Supplied Keyword: Influenza; Author-Supplied Keyword: influenza (seasonal); Author-Supplied Keyword: surveillance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621494 Community health centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621499 All other out-patient care centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1017/S0950268815000771 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110516651&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 110516651 T1 - The East Jakarta Project: surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) and seasonal influenza viruses in patients seeking care for respiratory disease, Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2011-September 2012. AU - STORMS, A. D. AU - KUSRIASTUTI, R. AU - MISRIYAH, S. AU - PRAPTININGSIH, C. Y. AU - AMALYA, M. AU - LAFOND, K. E. AU - SAMAAN, G. AU - TRIADA, R. AU - IULIANO, A. D. AU - ESTER, M. AU - SIDJABAT, R. AU - CHITTENDEN, K. AU - VOGEL, R. AU - WIDDOWSON, M. A. AU - MAHONEY, F. AU - UYEKI, T. M. Y1 - 2015/12// N1 - Accession Number: 110516651. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160409. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS) (Jenkins); Impact of Events Scale (IES). NLM UID: 8703737. KW - Orthomyxoviridae -- Classification KW - Influenza, Human KW - Influenza, Human -- Epidemiology KW - Orthomyxoviridae KW - Epidemiology KW - Aged, 80 and Over KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant KW - Prevalence KW - Seasons KW - Adult KW - Young Adult KW - Aged KW - Adolescence KW - Child, Preschool KW - Male KW - Indonesia KW - Child KW - Female KW - Middle Age KW - Impact of Events Scale KW - Scales SP - 3394 EP - 3404 JO - Epidemiology & Infection JF - Epidemiology & Infection JA - EPIDEMIOL INFECT VL - 143 IS - 16 PB - Cambridge University Press AB - Indonesia has reported the most human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus worldwide. We implemented enhanced surveillance in four outpatient clinics and six hospitals for HPAI H5N1 and seasonal influenza viruses in East Jakarta district to assess the public health impact of influenza in Indonesia. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI); respiratory specimens were obtained for influenza testing by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. During October 2011–September 2012, 1131/3278 specimens from ILI cases (34·5%) and 276/1787 specimens from SARI cases (15·4%) tested positive for seasonal influenza viruses. The prevalence of influenza virus infections was highest during December–May and the proportion testing positive was 76% for ILI and 36% for SARI during their respective weeks of peak activity. No HPAI H5N1 virus infections were identified, including hundreds of ILI and SARI patients with recent poultry exposures, whereas seasonal influenza was an important contributor to acute respiratory disease in East Jakarta. Overall, 668 (47%) of influenza viruses were influenza B, 384 (27%) were A(H1N1)pdm09, and 359 (25%) were H3. While additional data over multiple years are needed, our findings suggest that seasonal influenza prevention efforts, including influenza vaccination, should target the months preceding the rainy season. SN - 0950-2688 AD - Influenza Division. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA AD - Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia AD - Influenza Division. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Jakarta, Indonesia AD - United States Agency for International Development, Jakarta, Indonesia AD - USAID/DELIVER PROJECT, John Snow, International, Jakarta Field Office, Jakarta, Indonesia U2 - PMID: 25912029. DO - 10.1017/S0950268815000771 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=110516651&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 113630599 T1 - IS THE LINK BETWEEN HEALTH AND WEALTH CONSIDERED IN DECISION MAKING? RESULTS FROM A QUALITATIVE STUDY. AU - Garau, Martina AU - Shah, Koonal Kirit AU - Sharma, Priya AU - Towse, Adrian Y1 - 2015/12// N1 - Accession Number: 113630599. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170104. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS); Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) (Pfeiffer). NLM UID: 8508113. KW - Health Status KW - Decision Making KW - Quality Assessment KW - Income KW - Health and Welfare Planning KW - Human KW - Qualitative Studies KW - Validation Studies KW - Comparative Studies KW - Evaluation Research KW - Multicenter Studies KW - Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire SP - 449 EP - 456 JO - International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care JF - International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care JA - INT J TECHNOL ASSESS HEALTH CARE VL - 31 IS - 6 PB - Cambridge University Press AB - Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore whether wealth effects of health interventions, including productivity gains and savings in other sectors, are considered in resource allocations by health technology assessment (HTA) agencies and government departments. To analyze reasons for including, or not including, wealth effects.Methods: Semi-structured interviews with decision makers and academic experts in eight countries (Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, South Korea, Sweden, and the United Kingdom).Results: There is evidence suggesting that health interventions can produce economic gains for patients and national economies. However, we found that the link between health and wealth does not influence decision making in any country with the exception of Sweden. This is due to a combination of factors, including system fragmentation, methodological issues, and the economic recession forcing national governments to focus on short-term measures.Conclusions: In countries with established HTA processes and methods allowing, in principle, the inclusion of wider effects in exceptional cases or secondary analyses, it might be possible to overcome the methodological and practical barriers and see a more systematic consideration of wealth effect in decision making. This would be consistent with principles of efficient priority setting. Barriers for the consideration of wealth effects in government decision making are more fundamental, due to an enduring separation of budgets within the public sector and current financial pressures. However, governments should consider all relevant effects from public investments, including healthcare, even when benefits can only be captured in the medium- and long-term. This will ensure that resources are allocated where they bring the best returns. SN - 0266-4623 AD - Office of Health Economics AD - United States Agency for International Development U2 - PMID: 26868091. DO - 10.1017/S0266462315000616 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=113630599&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Odume, Bethrand Brian AU - Ofoegbu, Onyebuchi Stephanie AU - Aniwada, Elias Chike AU - Okechukwu, Emeka Franklin T1 - The influence of family characteristics on glycaemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the general outpatient clinic, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. JO - South African Family Practice JF - South African Family Practice Y1 - 2015/12// VL - 57 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 347 EP - 353 SN - 10269177 AB - Background: There is an increasing epidemic of diabetes worldwide with many patients not achieving set treatment targets. Family interventions in diabetes patient management, a proven adjunct, have not been fully integrated to patient care. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Family Medicine, National Hospital, Abuja. A total of 156 adult patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited between August and October 2012 with 145 (93%) completing the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used to enter and analyse the data. Results: A total of 145 subjects (81 females, 64 males) were studied. Assessment of the relationship between the family characteristics and glycaemic control was significant for family functional status by APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve), which represents the questionnaire categories and social support by the Modified Scale for Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), p -value < 0.000. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between family function and social support and glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic patients attending the general outpatient clinic in the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of South African Family Practice is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - family APGAR KW - family function KW - glycaemic control KW - social support KW - type 2 diabetes N1 - Accession Number: 111917991; Odume, Bethrand Brian 1; Email Address: bethodume@gmail.com Ofoegbu, Onyebuchi Stephanie 1 Aniwada, Elias Chike 2 Okechukwu, Emeka Franklin 3; Affiliation: 1: Department of Family Medicine, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria 2: Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria 3: United States Agency for International Development, USAID, Abuja, Nigeria; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 57 Issue 6, p347; Author-Supplied Keyword: family APGAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: family function; Author-Supplied Keyword: glycaemic control; Author-Supplied Keyword: social support; Author-Supplied Keyword: type 2 diabetes; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/20786190.2015.1090688 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111917991&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 111917991 T1 - The influence of family characteristics on glycaemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the general outpatient clinic, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. AU - Odume, Bethrand Brian AU - Ofoegbu, Onyebuchi Stephanie AU - Aniwada, Elias Chike AU - Okechukwu, Emeka Franklin Y1 - 2015/12// N1 - Accession Number: 111917991. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160205. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Africa; Biomedical. SP - 347 EP - 353 JO - South African Family Practice JF - South African Family Practice JA - S AFR FAM PRACT VL - 57 IS - 6 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd SN - 1026-9177 AD - Department of Family Medicine, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria AD - Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria AD - United States Agency for International Development, USAID, Abuja, Nigeria DO - 10.1080/20786190.2015.1090688 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=111917991&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roe, Dilys AU - Booker, Francesca AU - Day, Mike AU - Zhou, Wen AU - Allebone-Webb, Sophie AU - Hill, Nicholas A. O. AU - Kumpel, Noelle AU - Petrokofsky, Gillian AU - Redford, Kent AU - Russell, Diane AU - Shepherd, Gill AU - Wright, Juliet AU - Sunderland, Terry C. H. T1 - Are alternative livelihood projects effective at reducing local threats to specified elements of biodiversity and/or improving or maintaining the conservation status of those elements? JO - Environmental Evidence JF - Environmental Evidence Y1 - 2015/11/17/ VL - 4 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - BioMed Central SN - 20472382 AB - Background: Alternative livelihood projects are used by a variety of organisations as a tool for achieving biodiversity conservation. However, despite characterising many conservation approaches, very little is known about what impacts (if any) alternative livelihood projects have had on biodiversity conservation, as well as what determines the relative success or failure of these interventions. Reflecting this concern, Motion 145 was passed at the Vth IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2012 calling for a critical review of alternative livelihood projects and their contribution to biodiversity conservation. This systematic map and review intends to contribute to this critical review and provide an overview for researchers, policy makers and practitioners of the current state of the evidence base. Methods: Following an a priori protocol, systematic searches for relevant studies were conducted using the bibliographic databases AGRICOLA, AGRIS, CAB Abstracts, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge, as well as internet searches of Google, Google Scholar, and subject specific and institutional websites. In addition, a call for literature was issued among relevant research networks. The titles, abstracts and full texts of the captured studies were assessed using inclusion criteria for the systematic map and the systematic review, respectively. An Excel spreadsheet was used to record data from each study and to provide a systematic map of the evidence for the effectiveness of alternative livelihood studies. The studies that met additional criteria to be included in the systematic review were described in more detail through a narrative synthesis. Results: Following full text screening, 97 studies were included in the systematic map covering 106 projects using alternative livelihood interventions. Just 22 of these projects met our additional criteria for inclusion in the systematic review, but one project was removed from the detailed narrative synthesis following critical appraisal. The 21 included projects included reports of positive, neutral and negative conservation outcomes. Conclusions: Our results show that there has been an extensive investment in alternative livelihood projects, yet the structure and results of most of these projects have not been documented in a way that they can be captured using standardised search processes. Either this is because there has been little reporting on the outcomes of these projects, or that post-project monitoring is largely absent. The implications of this review for policy, management and future research are provided in relation to this evidence gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Environmental Evidence is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Environmental protection KW - Conservation of natural resources KW - Social services KW - Alternative livelihood KW - Biodiversity KW - Community attitudes KW - Conservation KW - Conservation threats KW - Systematic map KW - Systematic review N1 - Accession Number: 111146592; Roe, Dilys 1; Email Address: dilys.roe@iied.org; Booker, Francesca 1,2; Day, Mike 1,2; Zhou, Wen 2; Allebone-Webb, Sophie 3; Hill, Nicholas A. O. 3,4; Kumpel, Noelle 3; Petrokofsky, Gillian 2,5; Redford, Kent 6; Russell, Diane 7; Shepherd, Gill 8; Wright, Juliet 3,9; Sunderland, Terry C. H. 2; Affiliations: 1: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 80-86 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8NH, UK; 2: Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; 3: Zoological Society of London (ZSL), Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK; 4: Department of Zoology, Conservation Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; 5: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK; 6: Archipelago Consulting, P.O. Box 4750, Portland, ME 04112-4750, USA; 7: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 8: International Development Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK; 9: Imperial College Conservation Science, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK; Issue Info: 11/17/2015, Vol. 4, p1; Thesaurus Term: Environmental protection; Thesaurus Term: Conservation of natural resources; Subject Term: Social services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alternative livelihood; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biodiversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community attitudes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation threats; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systematic map; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systematic review; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13750-015-0048-1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=111146592&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bailey, Patricia E. AU - Keyes, Emily AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Singh, Kavita AU - Chavane, Leonardo AU - Chilundo, Baltazar T1 - The triple threat of pregnancy, HIV infection and malaria: reported causes of maternal mortality in two nationwide health facility assessments in Mozambique, 2007 and 2012. JO - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JF - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Y1 - 2015/11/09/ VL - 15 M3 - journal article SP - 1 EP - 13 SN - 14712393 AB - Background: The paper's primary purpose is to determine changes in magnitude and causes of institutional maternal mortality in Mozambique. We also describe shifts in the location of institutional deaths and changes in availability of prevention and treatment measures for malaria and HIV infection.Methods: Two national cross-sectional assessments of health facilities with childbirth services were conducted in 2007 and 2012. Each collected retrospective data on deliveries and maternal deaths and their causes. In 2007, 2,199 cases of maternal deaths were documented over a 12 month period; in 2012, 459 cases were identified over a three month period. In 2007, data collection also included reviews of maternal deaths when records were available (n = 712).Results: Institutional maternal mortality declined from 541 to 284/100,000 births from 2007 to 2012. The rate of decline among women dying of direct causes was 66% compared to 26% among women dying of indirect causes. Cause-specific mortality ratios fell for all direct causes. Patterns among indirect causes were less conclusive given differences in cause-of-death recording. In absolute numbers, the combination of antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage was the leading direct cause of death each year and HIV and malaria the main non-obstetric causes. Based on maternal death reviews, evidence of HIV infection, malaria or anemia was found in more than 40% of maternal deaths due to abortion, ectopic pregnancy and sepsis. Almost half (49%) of all institutional maternal deaths took place in the largest hospitals in 2007 while in 2012, only 24% occurred in these hospitals. The availability of antiretrovirals and antimalarials increased in all types of facilities, but increases were most dramatic in health centers.Conclusions: The rate at which women died of direct causes in Mozambique's health facilities appears to have declined significantly. Despite a clear improvement in access to antiretrovirals and antimalarials, especially at lower levels of health care, malaria, HIV, and anemia continue to exact a heavy toll on child-bearing women. Going forward, efforts to end preventable maternal and newborn deaths must maximize the use of antenatal care that includes integrated preventive/treatment options for HIV infection, malaria and anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Treatment KW - MALARIA KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - HEALTH facilities KW - TREATMENT KW - MOZAMBIQUE KW - Direct and indirect causes of death KW - HIV infection KW - Malaria KW - Maternal mortality KW - Mozambique N1 - Accession Number: 110908304; Bailey, Patricia E. 1,2; Email Address: pbailey@fhi360.org Keyes, Emily 1,2 Moran, Allisyn C. 3 Singh, Kavita 4,5 Chavane, Leonardo 6 Chilundo, Baltazar 7; Affiliation: 1: RMNCH Unit, Global Health Programs, FHI 360 359 Blackwell Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA 2: Averting Maternal Death & Disability, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 3: Global Health Fellows Program II, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA 4: MEASURE Evaluation/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 5: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 6: MCSP/Jhpiego, Maputo, Mozambique 7: Departamento de Saúde da Comunidade, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique; Source Info: 11/9/2015, Vol. 15, p1; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Treatment; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: HEALTH facilities; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Subject Term: MOZAMBIQUE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Direct and indirect causes of death; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mozambique; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s12884-015-0725-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110908304&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 110908304 T1 - The triple threat of pregnancy, HIV infection and malaria: reported causes of maternal mortality in two nationwide health facility assessments in Mozambique, 2007 and 2012. AU - Bailey, Patricia E. AU - Keyes, Emily AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Singh, Kavita AU - Chavane, Leonardo AU - Chilundo, Baltazar Y1 - 2015/11/09/ N1 - Accession Number: 110908304. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20161119. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ) (Parker and Zahr). Grant Information: P2C HD050924/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 100967799. KW - Maternal Mortality -- Trends KW - Malaria -- Mortality KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic -- Mortality KW - HIV Infections -- Mortality KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- Mortality KW - Postpartum Hemorrhage -- Mortality KW - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- Therapeutic Use KW - Pregnancy KW - Malaria -- Drug Therapy KW - Antimalarials -- Supply and Distribution KW - Hospitals -- Trends KW - Antimalarials -- Therapeutic Use KW - HIV Infections -- Drug Therapy KW - Anemia -- Mortality KW - Retrospective Design KW - Young Adult KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Cause of Death KW - Abortion, Induced -- Mortality KW - Health Facilities KW - Middle Age KW - Adult KW - Sepsis -- Mortality KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- Supply and Distribution KW - Adolescence KW - Hospital Mortality -- Trends KW - Pregnancy, Ectopic -- Mortality KW - Mozambique KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious KW - Female KW - Cross Sectional Studies KW - Malaria -- Prevention and Control KW - Hospitals -- Statistics and Numerical Data KW - Questionnaires SP - 1 EP - 13 JO - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JF - BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth JA - BMC PREGNANCY CHILDBIRTH VL - 15 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: The paper's primary purpose is to determine changes in magnitude and causes of institutional maternal mortality in Mozambique. We also describe shifts in the location of institutional deaths and changes in availability of prevention and treatment measures for malaria and HIV infection.Methods: Two national cross-sectional assessments of health facilities with childbirth services were conducted in 2007 and 2012. Each collected retrospective data on deliveries and maternal deaths and their causes. In 2007, 2,199 cases of maternal deaths were documented over a 12 month period; in 2012, 459 cases were identified over a three month period. In 2007, data collection also included reviews of maternal deaths when records were available (n = 712).Results: Institutional maternal mortality declined from 541 to 284/100,000 births from 2007 to 2012. The rate of decline among women dying of direct causes was 66% compared to 26% among women dying of indirect causes. Cause-specific mortality ratios fell for all direct causes. Patterns among indirect causes were less conclusive given differences in cause-of-death recording. In absolute numbers, the combination of antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage was the leading direct cause of death each year and HIV and malaria the main non-obstetric causes. Based on maternal death reviews, evidence of HIV infection, malaria or anemia was found in more than 40% of maternal deaths due to abortion, ectopic pregnancy and sepsis. Almost half (49%) of all institutional maternal deaths took place in the largest hospitals in 2007 while in 2012, only 24% occurred in these hospitals. The availability of antiretrovirals and antimalarials increased in all types of facilities, but increases were most dramatic in health centers.Conclusions: The rate at which women died of direct causes in Mozambique's health facilities appears to have declined significantly. Despite a clear improvement in access to antiretrovirals and antimalarials, especially at lower levels of health care, malaria, HIV, and anemia continue to exact a heavy toll on child-bearing women. Going forward, efforts to end preventable maternal and newborn deaths must maximize the use of antenatal care that includes integrated preventive/treatment options for HIV infection, malaria and anemia. SN - 1471-2393 AD - RMNCH Unit, Global Health Programs, FHI 360 359 Blackwell Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA AD - Averting Maternal Death & Disability, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA AD - Global Health Fellows Program II, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA AD - MEASURE Evaluation/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA AD - MCSP/Jhpiego, Maputo, Mozambique AD - Departamento de Saúde da Comunidade, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique U2 - PMID: 26552482. DO - 10.1186/s12884-015-0725-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=110908304&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smithson, Paul AU - Florey, Lia AU - Salgado, S. Rene AU - Hershey, Christine L. AU - Masanja, Honorati AU - Bhattarai, Achuyt AU - Mwita, Alex AU - McElroy, Peter D. AU - null, null T1 - Impact of Malaria Control on Mortality and Anemia among Tanzanian Children Less than Five Years of Age, 1999–2010. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/11/04/ VL - 10 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Mainland Tanzania scaled up multiple malaria control interventions between 1999 and 2010. We evaluated whether, and to what extent, reductions in all-cause under-five child mortality (U5CM) tracked with malaria control intensification during this period. Methods: Four nationally representative household surveys permitted trend analysis for malaria intervention coverage, severe anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL) prevalence (SAP) among children 6–59 months, and U5CM rates stratified by background characteristics, age, and malaria endemicity. Prevalence of contextual factors (e.g., vaccination, nutrition) likely to influence U5CM were also assessed. Population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) estimates for malaria interventions and contextual factors that changed over time were used to estimate magnitude of impact on U5CM. Results: Household ownership of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) rose from near zero in 1999 to 64% (95% CI, 61.7–65.2) in 2010. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy reached 26% (95% CI, 23.6–28.0) by 2010. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine replaced chloroquine in 2002 and artemisinin-based combination therapy was introduced in 2007. SAP among children 6–59 months declined 50% between 2005 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.0–12.3%) and 2010 (5.5%; 95% CI, 4.7–6.4%) and U5CM declined by 45% between baseline (1995–9) and endpoint (2005–9), from 148 to 81 deaths/1000 live births, respectively. Mortality declined 55% among children 1–23 months of age in higher malaria endemicity areas. A large reduction in U5CM was attributable to ITNs (PAR% = 11) with other malaria interventions adding further gains. Multiple contextual factors also contributed to survival gains. Conclusion: Marked declines in U5CM occurred in Tanzania between 1999 and 2010 with high impact from ITNs and ACTs. High-risk children (1–24 months of age in high malaria endemicity) experienced the greatest declines in mortality and SAP. Malaria control should remain a policy priority to sustain and further accelerate progress in child survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - ANEMIA KW - TANZANIANS KW - HEALTH KW - HEMOGLOBIN KW - JUVENILE diseases KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 110717750; Smithson, Paul 1; Email Address: psmithson@ihi.or.tz Florey, Lia 2 Salgado, S. Rene 3 Hershey, Christine L. 3 Masanja, Honorati 1 Bhattarai, Achuyt 4 Mwita, Alex 5 McElroy, Peter D. 4 null, null; Affiliation: 1: Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania 2: ICF International, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America 3: United States Agency for International Development, U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative, Washington, DC, United States of America 4: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America 5: National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania; Source Info: 11/4/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: ANEMIA; Subject Term: TANZANIANS; Subject Term: HEALTH; Subject Term: HEMOGLOBIN; Subject Term: JUVENILE diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0141112 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110717750&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steen, Richard AU - Wheeler, Tisha AU - Gorgens, Marelize AU - Mziray, Elizabeth AU - Dallabetta, Gina T1 - Feasible, Efficient and Necessary, without Exception – Working with Sex Workers Interrupts HIV/STI Transmission and Brings Treatment to Many in Need. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/10/21/ VL - 10 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background and Overview: High rates of partner change in sex work—whether in professional, ‘transactional’ or other context—disproportionately drive transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Several countries in Asia have demonstrated that reducing transmission in sex work can reverse established epidemics among sex workers, their clients and the general population. Experience and emerging research from Africa reaffirms unprotected sex work to be a key driver of sexual transmission in different contexts and regardless of stage or classification of HIV epidemic. This validation of the epidemiology behind sexual transmission carries an urgent imperative to realign prevention resources and scale up effective targeted interventions in sex work settings, and, given declining HIV resources, to do so efficiently. Eighteen articles in this issue highlight the importance and feasibility of such interventions under four themes: 1) epidemiology, data needs and modelling of sex work in generalised epidemics; 2) implementation science addressing practical aspects of intervention scale-up; 3) community mobilisation and 4) the treatment cascade for sex workers living with HIV. Conclusion: Decades of empirical evidence, extended by analyses in this collection, argue that protecting sex work is, without exception, feasible and necessary for controlling HIV/STI epidemics. In addition, the disproportionate burden of HIV borne by sex workers calls for facilitated access to ART, care and support. The imperative for Africa is rapid scale-up of targeted prevention and treatment, facilitated by policies and action to improve conditions where sex work takes place. The opportunity is a wealth of accumulated experience working with sex workers in diverse settings, which can be tapped to make up for lost time. Elsewhere, even in countries with strong interventions and services for sex workers, an emerging challenge is to find ways to sustain them in the face of declining global resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SEX workers KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - SEXUALLY transmitted diseases KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY KW - EMPIRICAL research KW - Overview N1 - Accession Number: 110486613; Steen, Richard 1; Email Address: steenr7@gmail.com Wheeler, Tisha 2 Gorgens, Marelize 3 Mziray, Elizabeth 3 Dallabetta, Gina 4; Affiliation: 1: Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 3: The World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 4: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: 10/21/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: SEX workers; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Transmission; Subject Term: SEXUALLY transmitted diseases; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overview; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0121145 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110486613&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, Christine Kreuder AU - Hitchens, Peta L. AU - Evans, Tierra Smiley AU - Goldstein, Tracey AU - Thomas, Kate AU - Clements, Andrew AU - Joly, Damien O. AU - Wolfe, Nathan D. AU - Daszak, Peter AU - Karesh, William B. AU - Mazet, Jonna K. T1 - Spillover and pandemic properties of zoonotic viruses with high host plasticity. JO - Scientific Reports JF - Scientific Reports Y1 - 2015/10/09/ M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 SN - 20452322 AB - Most human infectious diseases, especially recently emerging pathogens, originate from animals, and ongoing disease transmission from animals to people presents a significant global health burden. Recognition of the epidemiologic circumstances involved in zoonotic spillover, amplification, and spread of diseases is essential for prioritizing surveillance and predicting future disease emergence risk. We examine the animal hosts and transmission mechanisms involved in spillover of zoonotic viruses to date, and discover that viruses with high host plasticity (i.e. taxonomically and ecologically diverse host range) were more likely to amplify viral spillover by secondary human-to-human transmission and have broader geographic spread. Viruses transmitted to humans during practices that facilitate mixing of diverse animal species had significantly higher host plasticity. Our findings suggest that animal-to-human spillover of new viruses that are capable of infecting diverse host species signal emerging disease events with higher pandemic potential in that these viruses are more likely to amplify by human-to-human transmission with spread on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission KW - RESEARCH KW - PATHOGENIC microorganisms KW - GENE amplification KW - VIRAL transmission KW - ANIMALS as carriers of disease N1 - Accession Number: 110327958; Johnson, Christine Kreuder 1; Email Address: ckjohnson@ucdavis.edu Hitchens, Peta L. 1 Evans, Tierra Smiley 1 Goldstein, Tracey 1 Thomas, Kate 1 Clements, Andrew 2 Joly, Damien O. 3 Wolfe, Nathan D. 3 Daszak, Peter 4 Karesh, William B. 4 Mazet, Jonna K. 1; Affiliation: 1: One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA USA 2: USAID, Bureau for Global Health, Washington DC, USA 3: Metabiota, San Francisco, CA USA 4: EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA; Source Info: 10/9/2015, p1; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PATHOGENIC microorganisms; Subject Term: GENE amplification; Subject Term: VIRAL transmission; Subject Term: ANIMALS as carriers of disease; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1038/srep14830 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110327958&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kang, Yinhong AU - Khan, Shahbaz AU - Ma, Xiaoyi T1 - Analysing Climate Change Impacts on Water Productivity of Cropping Systems in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia. JO - Irrigation & Drainage JF - Irrigation & Drainage Y1 - 2015/10// VL - 64 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 443 EP - 453 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. SN - 15310353 AB - Climate change impacts on food production and water use efficiency are becoming more and more important. This paper mainly discusses the climate change effects on water use indices and maize yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions projected by three climate models in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia in 2020, 2050 and 2080 under A2 and B2 scenarios. The climate prediction results show that it is similar to the future precipitation and temperature projected by three climate models for the same time slices. For rainfed and irrigated maize, the crop yield, the potential and actual evapotranspiration will increase by 3-32, 3-12, 30-45 and 32-45, 3-15, 6-15% under both scenarios in the future during the maize growth period compared with the baseline respectively. Water use indices of maize under rainfed conditions will decrease and the variable increment will gradually be larger in the future, including evapotranspiration efficiency, crop water use efficiency and total water use efficiency. However, all the water use indices analysed under irrigated conditions will increase. The variation for evapotranspiration efficiency, ratio of evapotranspiration and irrigation is around 20%, but the variation for the other three indices is more than 30%. The projection results also indicate that the indices under the B2 scenario are smaller than those under A2 although the variable tendency and range are consistent. The conclusions suggest that it is significant to develop irrigated agriculture so as to mitigate climate change effects on crop production in the Murray Darling Basin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Résumé Les impacts du changement climatique sur la production alimentaire et l'utilisation efficace de l'eau sont de plus en plus importants. Ce document traite principalement les effets du changement climatique sur les indices d'utilisation de l'eau et le rendement du maïs pluvial et irrigué selon trois projections de modèle climatique dans la bassin de la Murray-Darling (Australie) en 2020, 2050 et 2080, et ceci en vertu de scénarios A2 et B2. Les résultats de prévisions climatiques montrent que les modèles climatiques donnent des prédictions similaires de précipitation et de température pour les périodes considérées. Pour l'agriculture pluviale et irriguée de maïs, le rendement des cultures, les évapotranspirations potentielle et réelle vont augmenter de 3 à 32, 3 à 12, 30à 45, 32 à 45, 3 à 15, 6 à 15% respectivement, par rapport à la ligne de base. Les indices d'utilisation de l'eau du maïs non irrigué vont diminuer à l'avenir, et l'incrément des variables sera progressivement plus grand; cela concerne l'efficacité de l'évapotranspiration, l'efficacité de la consommation d'eau des cultures et l'efficacité totale de l'utilisation de l'eau. A contrario, tous les indices de consommation d'eau du maïs irrigué vont augmenter. La variation de l'efficacité de l'évapotranspiration, rapport entre l'évapotranspiration et l'irrigation, est d'environ 20%, mais la variation pour les trois autres indices est supérieure à 30%. Les résultats de la projection indiquent également que les indices dans le scénario de B2 sont plus petits que ceux sous A2, bien que les tendances et la gamme des valeurs atteintes par les variables soient cohérentes. Les conclusions suggèrent qu'il est important de développer l'agriculture irriguée afin d'atténuer les effets du changement climatique sur la production agricole dans le Bassin de la Murray Darling. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Cropping systems KW - Agricultural water-supply KW - Crop yields KW - Water in agriculture KW - Irrigation farming -- Climatic factors KW - Irrigation -- Australia KW - bassin de la Murray Darling KW - changement climatique KW - climate change KW - crop yield KW - indices d'utilisation de l'eau KW - Murray Darling Basin KW - rendement des cultures KW - semi-arid areas KW - water use indices KW - zones semi-arides N1 - Accession Number: 110120744; Kang, Yinhong 1,2; Khan, Shahbaz 3; Ma, Xiaoyi 2; Affiliations: 1: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University; 2: College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University; 3: Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific UNESCO; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 64 Issue 4, p443; Thesaurus Term: Cropping systems; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural water-supply; Thesaurus Term: Crop yields; Thesaurus Term: Water in agriculture; Subject Term: Irrigation farming -- Climatic factors; Subject Term: Irrigation -- Australia; Author-Supplied Keyword: bassin de la Murray Darling; Author-Supplied Keyword: changement climatique; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: crop yield; Author-Supplied Keyword: indices d'utilisation de l'eau; Author-Supplied Keyword: Murray Darling Basin; Author-Supplied Keyword: rendement des cultures; Author-Supplied Keyword: semi-arid areas; Author-Supplied Keyword: water use indices; Author-Supplied Keyword: zones semi-arides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1002/ird.1914 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110120744&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Helinski, Michelle H. AU - Namara, Geoffrey AU - Koenker, Hannah AU - Kilian, Albert AU - Hunter, Gabrielle AU - Acosta, Angela AU - Scandurra, Leah AU - Selby, Richmond Ato AU - Mulondo, Kenneth AU - Fotheringham, Megan AU - Lynch, Matthew T1 - Impact of a behaviour change communication programme on net durability in eastern Uganda. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2015/09/23/ VL - 14 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: The importance of net durability and the average useful life of a net is increasingly recognized as one of the critical factors that determine how often nets need to be replaced. A study to assess the effect of a net care and repair behaviour change communication (BCC) programme on net durability was conducted in one district in Eastern Uganda with a district in a neighbouring region serving as a comparison. Both districts had received LLINs in September of 2012. Methods: The intervention was comprised of radio programmes, school and community events. Two-stage cluster sampling household surveys to assess net condition, exposure to BCC messages, and attitudes towards net care and repair were conducted in both districts at baseline (2-3 months post net distribution) and endline (20-21 months post distribution). Net condition was assessed using the proportionate hole index, with nets being classified as either serviceable or too torn. Results: The intervention led to an additional 31.2 % increased exposure to net care and repair messages in the intervention district. Respondents in the intervention district had a more positive attitude towards net care and repair (32 % of respondents were classified as having a very positive attitude compared to 10 % in the comparison district), which was positively associated with the number of channels through which messages had been received (P < 0.001). Nets belonging to respondents with a very positive attitude were more often categorized as serviceable (80.2 %) compared to respondents with a poor/average attitude (66.4 %; odds ratio: 2.05, P = 0.028); however, this was only observed for the net brand with the greater physical integrity. Additionally, socio-economic status was a significant predictor of net condition. Although nets in the intervention district had significantly more repairs done per net, the act of repairing alone did not improve net condition. Conclusions: In conclusion, the evaluation showed that the BCC programme resulted in improved knowledge and attitudes towards care and repair, which impacted positively on net condition. Repairs alone were not sufficient to improve net condition. Additional research on which care behaviours and attitudes are most associated with improved net condition would help BCC planners hone their campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BEHAVIOR modification KW - MOSQUITO nets KW - DURABILITY KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) KW - PUBLIC health KW - UGANDA KW - BCC KW - Care and repair KW - Durability KW - ITN KW - LLIN KW - Malaria KW - Uganda N1 - Accession Number: 109885855; Helinski, Michelle H. 1 Namara, Geoffrey 1 Koenker, Hannah 2 Kilian, Albert 3,4 Hunter, Gabrielle 2 Acosta, Angela 2; Email Address: aacosta4@jhu.edu Scandurra, Leah 2 Selby, Richmond Ato 1,5 Mulondo, Kenneth 6,7 Fotheringham, Megan 8 Lynch, Matthew 2; Affiliation: 1: Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda 2: Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA 3: Tropical Health LLP, Montagut, Spain 4: Malaria Consortium, London, UK 5: Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Nairobi, Kenya 6: Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Kampala, Uganda 7: John Snow International, Kampala, Uganda 8: United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA; Source Info: 9/23/2015, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BEHAVIOR modification; Subject Term: MOSQUITO nets; Subject Term: DURABILITY; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: UGANDA; Author-Supplied Keyword: BCC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Care and repair; Author-Supplied Keyword: Durability; Author-Supplied Keyword: ITN; Author-Supplied Keyword: LLIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uganda; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12936-015-0899-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109885855&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nahar, Quamrun AU - El Arifeen, Shams AU - Jamil, Kanta AU - Streatfield, Peter Kim AU - Arifeen, Shams El T1 - Causes of adult female deaths in Bangladesh: findings from two National Surveys. JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health Y1 - 2015/09/18/ VL - 15 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712458 AB - Background: Assessment of causes of death and changes in pattern of causes of death over time are needed for programmatic purposes. Limited national level data exist on the adult female causes of death in Bangladesh.Method: Using data from two nationally representation surveys, the 2001 and 2010 Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Surveys (BMMS), the paper examines the causes of adult female death, aged 15-49 years, and changes in the patterns of these deaths. In both surveys, all household deaths three years prior to the survey were identified. Adult female deaths were then followed by a verbal autopsy (VA) using the WHO structured questionnaire. Two physicians independently reviewed the VA forms to assign a cause of death using the ICD-10; in case of disagreement, a third physician made an independent review and assigned a cause of death.Results: The overall mortality rates for women aged 15-49 in 2001 and 2010 were 182 per 100,000 and 120 per 100,000 respectively. There is a shift in the pattern of causes of death during the period covered by the two surveys. In the 2001 survey, the main causes of death were maternal (20 %), followed by diseases of the circulatory system (15 %), malignancy (14 %) and infectious diseases (13 %). However, in the 2010 survey, malignancies were the leading cause (21 %), followed by diseases of the circulatory system (16 %), maternal causes (14 %) and infectious diseases (8 %). While maternal deaths remained the number one cause of death among 20-34 years old in both surveys, unnatural deaths were the main cause for teenage deaths, and malignancies were the main cause of death for older women. Although there is an increasing trend in the proportion of women who died in hospitals, in both surveys most women died at home (74 % in 2001 and 62 % in 2010).Conclusion: The shift in the pattern of causes of adult female deaths is in agreement with the overall change in the disease pattern from communicable to non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh. Suicide and other violent deaths as the primary cause of deaths among teenage girls demands specific interventions to prevent such premature deaths. Prevention of deaths due to non-communicable diseases should also be a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Public Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - WOMEN'S mortality KW - RESEARCH KW - AUTOPSY KW - DEATH -- Causes KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases KW - SUICIDE KW - Adult female mortality KW - Bangladesh KW - BMMS KW - Causes of death KW - NCD KW - Verbal autopsy N1 - Accession Number: 109516309; Nahar, Quamrun 1; Email Address: quamrun@icddrb.org El Arifeen, Shams 1 Jamil, Kanta 2 Streatfield, Peter Kim 1 Arifeen, Shams El 3; Affiliation: 1: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh 2: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Bangladesh, Madani Avenue Baridhara, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh 3: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh; Source Info: 9/18/2015, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: WOMEN'S mortality; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AUTOPSY; Subject Term: DEATH -- Causes; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases; Subject Term: SUICIDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adult female mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bangladesh; Author-Supplied Keyword: BMMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Causes of death; Author-Supplied Keyword: NCD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Verbal autopsy; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s12889-015-2256-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109516309&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 109516309 T1 - Causes of adult female deaths in Bangladesh: findings from two National Surveys. AU - Nahar, Quamrun AU - El Arifeen, Shams AU - Jamil, Kanta AU - Streatfield, Peter Kim AU - Arifeen, Shams El Y1 - 2015/09/18/ N1 - Accession Number: 109516309. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160507. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Public Health; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ) (Parker and Zahr); Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (Bradley and Caldwell). NLM UID: 100968562. KW - Death KW - Cause of Death -- Trends KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- Mortality KW - Neoplasms -- Mortality KW - Maternal Mortality KW - Communicable Diseases -- Mortality KW - International Classification of Diseases KW - Bangladesh KW - Hospitalization KW - Age Factors KW - Adolescence KW - Female KW - Mortality KW - Middle Age KW - Suicide KW - Adult KW - Autopsy KW - Young Adult KW - Violence KW - Questionnaires SP - 1 EP - 9 JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health JA - BMC PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 15 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Assessment of causes of death and changes in pattern of causes of death over time are needed for programmatic purposes. Limited national level data exist on the adult female causes of death in Bangladesh.Method: Using data from two nationally representation surveys, the 2001 and 2010 Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Surveys (BMMS), the paper examines the causes of adult female death, aged 15-49 years, and changes in the patterns of these deaths. In both surveys, all household deaths three years prior to the survey were identified. Adult female deaths were then followed by a verbal autopsy (VA) using the WHO structured questionnaire. Two physicians independently reviewed the VA forms to assign a cause of death using the ICD-10; in case of disagreement, a third physician made an independent review and assigned a cause of death.Results: The overall mortality rates for women aged 15-49 in 2001 and 2010 were 182 per 100,000 and 120 per 100,000 respectively. There is a shift in the pattern of causes of death during the period covered by the two surveys. In the 2001 survey, the main causes of death were maternal (20 %), followed by diseases of the circulatory system (15 %), malignancy (14 %) and infectious diseases (13 %). However, in the 2010 survey, malignancies were the leading cause (21 %), followed by diseases of the circulatory system (16 %), maternal causes (14 %) and infectious diseases (8 %). While maternal deaths remained the number one cause of death among 20-34 years old in both surveys, unnatural deaths were the main cause for teenage deaths, and malignancies were the main cause of death for older women. Although there is an increasing trend in the proportion of women who died in hospitals, in both surveys most women died at home (74 % in 2001 and 62 % in 2010).Conclusion: The shift in the pattern of causes of adult female deaths is in agreement with the overall change in the disease pattern from communicable to non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh. Suicide and other violent deaths as the primary cause of deaths among teenage girls demands specific interventions to prevent such premature deaths. Prevention of deaths due to non-communicable diseases should also be a priority. SN - 1471-2458 AD - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh AD - United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Bangladesh, Madani Avenue Baridhara, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh AD - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh U2 - PMID: 26381481. DO - 10.1186/s12889-015-2256-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109516309&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - McPake, Barbara AU - Edoka, Ijeoma AU - Witter, Sophie AU - Kielmann, Karina AU - Taegtmeyer, Miriam AU - Dieleman, Marjolein AU - Vaughan, Kelsey AU - Gama, Elvis AU - Kok, Maryse AU - Datiko, Daniel AU - Otiso, Lillian AU - Ahmed, Rukhsana AU - Squires, Neil AU - Suraratdecha, Chutima AU - Cometto, Giorgio T1 - Cost-effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya. T2 - الغرض تقييم الفعالية من حيث التكلفة لبرامج العاملين في الخدمات الصحية المجتمعية في إثيوبيا وإندونيسيا وكينيا. T2 - La costoeficacia de los programas de médicos de ámbito comunitario en Etiopía, Indonesia y Kenya. T2 - Rapport coût-efficacité des programmes en faveur des praticiens communautaires en Éthiopie, en Indonésie et au Kenya. T2 - Рентабельность программ общинной медицинской помощи в Эфиопии, Индонезии и Кении T2 - 埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和印度尼西亚社区医生项目的成本效益. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2015/09// VL - 93 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 631 EP - 639A PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya. Methods Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the three programmes were estimated from a government perspective. Cost data were collected for 2012. Life years gained were estimated based on coverage of reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health services. For Ethiopia and Kenya, estimates of coverage before and after the implementation of the programme were obtained from empirical studies. For Indonesia, coverage of health service interventions was estimated from routine data. We used the Lives Saved Tool to estimate the number of lives saved from changes in reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health-service coverage. Gross domestic product per capita was used as the reference willingness-to-pay threshold value. Findings The estimated incremental cost per life year gained was 82 international dollars ($)in Kenya, $999 in Ethiopia and $3396 in Indonesia. The results were most sensitive to uncertainty in the estimates of life-years gained. Based on the results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis, there was greater than 80% certainty that each programme was cost-effective. Conclusion Community-based approaches are likely to be cost-effective for delivery of some essential health interventions where community-based practitioners operate within an integrated team supported by the health system. Community-based practitioners may be most appropriate in rural poor communities that have limited access to more qualified health professionals. Further research is required to understand which programmatic design features are critical to effectiveness. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo Evaluar la costoeficacia de los programas de médicos de ámbito comunitario en Etiopía, Indonesia y Kenya. Métodos Se estimaron los porcentajes incrementales de costoeficacia para los tres programas desde un punto de vista gubernamental. Se recopilaron los datos de coste de 2012. Se estimaron los años de vida ganados en base a la cobertura de los servicios de salud reproductiva, materna, neonatal e infantil. En el caso de Etiopía y Kenya, las tasas de cobertura de antes y después de la implantación del programa se obtuvieron a través de estudios empíricos. En el caso de Indonesia, la cobertura de las intervenciones de los servicios de salud se estimó a través de datos rutinarios. Se utilizó la herramienta “Live Saved Tool” para estimar el número de vidas salvadas gracias al cambio en la cobertura de los servicios de salud reproductiva, materna, neonatal e infantil. El producto interior bruto per cápita se utilizó como el valor de umbral de referencia para la disposición a pagar. Resultados El coste incremental estimado por año de vida ganado fue de 82 dólares internacionales ($) en Kenya, $999 dólares internacionales en Etiopía y $3.396 en Indonesia. Los resultados fueron más sensibles a la incertidumbre en las estimaciones de años de vida ganados. Basándose en los resultados de análisis de sensibilidad probabilísticos, hubo una certeza de más del 80% de que todos los programas eran costoeficaces. Conclusión Es probable que los enfoques de ámbito comunitario sean costoeficaces para suministrar algunas intervenciones sanitarias esenciales en los lugares en los que los médicos de ámbito comunitario operan dentro de un grupo integrado apoyado por el sistema sanitario. Los médicos de ámbito comunitario pueden ser más apropiados en comunidades rurales pobres que tengan acceso limitado a profesionales de la salud más cualificados. Se requiere de más investigación para comprender qué características de diseño programático son cruciales para la efectividad. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif Évaluer le rapport coût-efficacité des programmes en faveur des praticiens communautaires en Éthiopie, en Indonésie et au Kenya. Méthodes Le rapport coût-efficacité différentiel, pour les trois programmes, a été estimé selon une perspective gouvernementale. Des données sur les coûts ont été recueillies concernant l'année 2012. Les années de vie gagnées ont été estimées d'après l'offre de services dans le domaine de la santé génésique, maternelle, néonatale et infantile. Pour l'Éthiopie et le Kenya, les estimations de l'offre de services avant et après la mise en œuvre du programme ont été effectuées à partir d'études empiriques. Pour l'Indonésie, l'offre de services de soins a été estimée d'après des données de routine. Nous avons utilisé l'outil Lives-Saved Tool pour estimer le nombre de vies sauvées grâce aux changements intervenus dans l'offre de services en matière de santé génésique, maternelle, néonatale et infantile. Le produit intérieur brut par habitant a été pris comme seuil de référence de la disposition à payer. Résultats Le coût différentiel estimé par année de vie gagnée était de 82 dollars internationaux ($) au Kenya, de 999$ en Éthiopie et de 3396$ en Indonésie. Les résultats étaient surtout sensibles à l'incertitude au niveau des estimations d'années de vie gagnées. D'après les résultats de l'analyse de sensibilité probabiliste, il était certain à plus de 80% que chaque programme présentait un bon rapport coût-efficacité. Conclusion Les approches communautaires présentent vraisemblablement un bon rapport coût-efficacité pour la prestation de certains services de santé essentiels pour lesquels les praticiens communautaires interviennent dans le cadre d'une équipe intégrée appuyée par le système de santé. Les praticiens communautaires semblent être les plus indiqués dans les communautés rurales pauvres, qui ont un accès limité aux services de professionnels de santé plus qualifiés. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer les caractéristiques programmatiques qui sont cruciales pour l'efficacité des programmes. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Цель Оценить рентабельность программ общинной медицинской помощи в Эфиопии, Индонезии и Кении Методы Коэффициенты эффективности дополнительных расходов были оценены для трех программ с точки зрения правительства. Данные по расходам собирались в течение 2012 года. Прирост продолжительности жизни оценивался на основании охвата населения услугами в области охраны репродуктивного здоровья, здоровья матерей, новорожденных и детей. Для Эфиопии и Кении оценка охвата до и после внедрения программы была получена в ходе эмпирических исследований. Для Индонезии охват населения соответствующими услугами здравоохранения оценивался по регулярно поступающим данным. Для оценки количества жизней, сохраненных в результате расширения охвата населения услугами в области охраны репродуктивного здоровья, здоровья матерей, новорожденных и детей, использовалось средство вычисления прироста жизни. В качестве порогового значения готовности оплачивать услуги рассматривался валовой внутренний продукт на душу населения. Результаты По оценкам прирост расходов при увеличении срока жизни на год составил 82 международных доллара в Кении, 999 международных долларов в Эфиопии и 3 396 международных долларов в Индонезии. Результаты были больше всего чувствительны к неопределенности в оценке количества дополнительных лет жизни. На основании вероятностного анализа чувствительности можно более чем с 80%-ной уверенностью утверждать, что каждая программа была рентабельной. Вывод При оказании некоторых наиболее необходимых услуг медицинской помощи ориентированный на общины подход вероятнее всего будет рентабелен в том случае, когда живущие в той или иной общине врачи составляют единую команду, поддерживаемую системой здравоохранения. Такая практика больше подходит для бедных сельских общин, в которых доступ к более квалифицированной медицинской помощи затруднен. Необходимы дополнительные исследования для понимания того, какие именно характеристики программ оказываются критическими для достижения ими рентабельности. (Russian) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - 目的 评估埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和印度尼西亚社区医生项目的成本效益。 方法 从政府角度估计三个项目的增量成本效益。 收集 2012 年的成本数据。根据生育、孕产妇、新生儿和儿童保健服务的覆盖范围估计挽救的生命年。 通过实证研究估计埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚在项目实施前和实施后的覆盖范围。 通过常规数据估计印度尼西亚卫生服务干预的覆盖范围。 我们使用挽救的生命计算工具估计由于生育、孕产妇、新生儿和儿童保健服务覆盖范围的变化挽救的生命数量, 使用人均国内生产总值作为参考支付意愿阈值。 结果 埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和印度尼西亚挽救的生命年每一年估计增量成本分别是 999 国际元、82 国际元和 3396 国际元。 这些结果对于挽救的生命年估计的不确定性最为敏感。 根据概率敏感度分析结果,每一个具有成本效益的项目中均存在 80% 以上的确定性。 结论 基于社区的方法可能会提高推行一些重要的卫生干预措施的成本效益,通过卫生干预措施,社区医生可以在卫生体系支持的综合服务团队中行医。 社区医生是缺乏合格的卫生专业人员的农村贫困群体最合适的就医选择。 理解哪些项目设计特点对于成本效益至关重要,仍需进一步研究。 (Chinese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - الطريقة تم تقييم معدلات تزايدية للفعالية من حيث التكلفة للبرامج الثلاثة من منظور حكومي. وتم تجميع بيانات التكلفة لعام 2012. كما تم تقدير سنوات العمر المكتسبة بناءً على تغطية خدمات الصحة الإنجابية وصحة الأمهات والحوامل والأطفال حديثي الولادة والأطفال صغار السن. بالنسبة إلى إثيوبيا وكينيا، فقد تم استخلاص التقديرات الخاصة بالتغطية قبل تنفيذ البرنامج وبعده من واقع الدراسات التجريبية. أما بالنسبة إلى إندونيسيا، فقد تم وضع التقدير الخاص بتغطية برامج التدخل للخدمات الصحية من واقع البيانات الروتينية. وقد اعتمدنا على استخدام الأداة الخاصة بحساب عدد الأرواح التي تم إنقاذها لتقدير عدد أرواح البشر الذين تم إنقاذهم من خلال التغييرات التي طرأت على التغطية الصحية لخدمات الصحة الإنجابية وصحة الأمهات والحوامل والأطفال حديثي الولادة والأطفال صغار السن. وتم الاعتماد على نصيب الفرد من إجمالي الناتج المحلي كقيمة حدية مرجعية للاستعداد للدفع. النتائج بلغت التكلفة التزايدية التقديرية لكل سنة عمر تم اكتسابها 82 دولارًا دوليًا في كينيا، و999 دولار دولي في إثيوبيا، و3396 دولارًا أمريكيًا في إندونيسيا. وكانت النتائج أكثر تأثرًا بعدم اليقين السائد في التقديرات الخاصة بسنوات العمر المكتسبة. وبناءً على نتائج تحليل احتمال التأثر، فقد زادت نسبة اليقين عن 80% من أن كل برنامج كان فعالاً من حيث التكلفة. الاستنتاج من المرجح أن تكون الأساليب المنهجية المجتمعية فعالة من حيث التكلفة لتقديم بعض برامج التدخل الصحي الضرورية والتي يباشر فيها العاملون في مجال الخدمات الصحية أعمالهم في إطار فريق متكامل يستند إلى الدعم المقدم من النظام الصحي. قد يكون العاملون في مجال الخدمات الصحية هم الأنسب في المجتمعات الريفية الفقيرة والتي تتوفر فرص محدودة للاستفادة من خدمات أخصائيين صحيين مؤهلين. ولذلك، يلزم إجراء المزيد من الأبحاث لاستيعاب خصائص تصميم البرامج الضرورية لتحقيق الكفاءة. (Arabic) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MEDICAL care -- Evaluation KW - COMMUNITY health services KW - COMMUNITY health aides KW - COST effectiveness KW - RESEARCH -- Finance KW - DESCRIPTIVE statistics KW - ECONOMIC aspects KW - ETHIOPIA KW - INDONESIA KW - KENYA N1 - Accession Number: 109343411; McPake, Barbara 1 Edoka, Ijeoma 2; Email Address: iedoka@qmu.ac.uk Witter, Sophie 2 Kielmann, Karina 2 Taegtmeyer, Miriam 3 Dieleman, Marjolein 4 Vaughan, Kelsey 4 Gama, Elvis 3 Kok, Maryse 4 Datiko, Daniel 5 Otiso, Lillian 6 Ahmed, Rukhsana 3 Squires, Neil 7 Suraratdecha, Chutima 8 Cometto, Giorgio 9; Affiliation: 1: Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 2: Institute for International Health & Development, Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret Drive Musselburgh, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Scotland 3: Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England 4: Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands 5: REACHOUT, Hidase Hulentenawi Agelglot Yebego Adragot Mahber, Awassa, Ethiopia 6: REACHOUT, LVCT Health, Nairobi, Kenya 7: Public Health England, North of England Region, England 8: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States of America 9: Global Health Workforce Alliance, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 93 Issue 9, p631; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Evaluation; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health services; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health aides; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: DESCRIPTIVE statistics; Subject Term: ECONOMIC aspects; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Subject Term: INDONESIA; Subject Term: KENYA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621494 Community health centres; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.14.144899 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109343411&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 109343411 T1 - Cost-effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya. AU - McPake, Barbara AU - Edoka, Ijeoma AU - Witter, Sophie AU - Kielmann, Karina AU - Taegtmeyer, Miriam AU - Dieleman, Marjolein AU - Vaughan, Kelsey AU - Gama, Elvis AU - Kok, Maryse AU - Datiko, Daniel AU - Otiso, Lillian AU - Ahmed, Rukhsana AU - Squires, Neil AU - Suraratdecha, Chutima AU - Cometto, Giorgio Y1 - 2015/09// N1 - Accession Number: 109343411. Language: English. Entry Date: 20151012. Revision Date: 20151012. Publication Type: Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Instrumentation: Lives Saved Tool. Grant Information: : The United Kingdom’s Departmentfor International Development and the European Union Seventh FrameworkProgramme.. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Community Health Services -- Economics -- Ethiopia KW - Community Health Services -- Economics -- Indonesia KW - Community Health Services -- Economics -- Kenya KW - Community Health Workers -- Kenya KW - Community Health Workers -- Indonesia KW - Community Health Workers -- Ethiopia KW - Ethiopia KW - Indonesia KW - Kenya KW - Human KW - Cost Benefit Analysis KW - Scales KW - Outcomes (Health Care) -- Evaluation KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Funding Source SP - 631 EP - 639A JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 93 IS - 9 PB - World Health Organization AB - Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya. Methods Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the three programmes were estimated from a government perspective. Cost data were collected for 2012. Life years gained were estimated based on coverage of reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health services. For Ethiopia and Kenya, estimates of coverage before and after the implementation of the programme were obtained from empirical studies. For Indonesia, coverage of health service interventions was estimated from routine data. We used the Lives Saved Tool to estimate the number of lives saved from changes in reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health-service coverage. Gross domestic product per capita was used as the reference willingness-to-pay threshold value. Findings The estimated incremental cost per life year gained was 82 international dollars ($)in Kenya, $999 in Ethiopia and $3396 in Indonesia. The results were most sensitive to uncertainty in the estimates of life-years gained. Based on the results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis, there was greater than 80% certainty that each programme was cost-effective. Conclusion Community-based approaches are likely to be cost-effective for delivery of some essential health interventions where community-based practitioners operate within an integrated team supported by the health system. Community-based practitioners may be most appropriate in rural poor communities that have limited access to more qualified health professionals. Further research is required to understand which programmatic design features are critical to effectiveness. AB - Objetivo Evaluar la costoeficacia de los programas de médicos de ámbito comunitario en Etiopía, Indonesia y Kenya. Métodos Se estimaron los porcentajes incrementales de costoeficacia para los tres programas desde un punto de vista gubernamental. Se recopilaron los datos de coste de 2012. Se estimaron los años de vida ganados en base a la cobertura de los servicios de salud reproductiva, materna, neonatal e infantil. En el caso de Etiopía y Kenya, las tasas de cobertura de antes y después de la implantación del programa se obtuvieron a través de estudios empíricos. En el caso de Indonesia, la cobertura de las intervenciones de los servicios de salud se estimó a través de datos rutinarios. Se utilizó la herramienta “Live Saved Tool” para estimar el número de vidas salvadas gracias al cambio en la cobertura de los servicios de salud reproductiva, materna, neonatal e infantil. El producto interior bruto per cápita se utilizó como el valor de umbral de referencia para la disposición a pagar. Resultados El coste incremental estimado por año de vida ganado fue de 82 dólares internacionales ($) en Kenya, $999 dólares internacionales en Etiopía y $3.396 en Indonesia. Los resultados fueron más sensibles a la incertidumbre en las estimaciones de años de vida ganados. Basándose en los resultados de análisis de sensibilidad probabilísticos, hubo una certeza de más del 80% de que todos los programas eran costoeficaces. Conclusión Es probable que los enfoques de ámbito comunitario sean costoeficaces para suministrar algunas intervenciones sanitarias esenciales en los lugares en los que los médicos de ámbito comunitario operan dentro de un grupo integrado apoyado por el sistema sanitario. Los médicos de ámbito comunitario pueden ser más apropiados en comunidades rurales pobres que tengan acceso limitado a profesionales de la salud más cualificados. Se requiere de más investigación para comprender qué características de diseño programático son cruciales para la efectividad. AB - Objectif Évaluer le rapport coût-efficacité des programmes en faveur des praticiens communautaires en Éthiopie, en Indonésie et au Kenya. Méthodes Le rapport coût-efficacité différentiel, pour les trois programmes, a été estimé selon une perspective gouvernementale. Des données sur les coûts ont été recueillies concernant l'année 2012. Les années de vie gagnées ont été estimées d'après l'offre de services dans le domaine de la santé génésique, maternelle, néonatale et infantile. Pour l'Éthiopie et le Kenya, les estimations de l'offre de services avant et après la mise en œuvre du programme ont été effectuées à partir d'études empiriques. Pour l'Indonésie, l'offre de services de soins a été estimée d'après des données de routine. Nous avons utilisé l'outil Lives-Saved Tool pour estimer le nombre de vies sauvées grâce aux changements intervenus dans l'offre de services en matière de santé génésique, maternelle, néonatale et infantile. Le produit intérieur brut par habitant a été pris comme seuil de référence de la disposition à payer. Résultats Le coût différentiel estimé par année de vie gagnée était de 82 dollars internationaux ($) au Kenya, de 999$ en Éthiopie et de 3396$ en Indonésie. Les résultats étaient surtout sensibles à l'incertitude au niveau des estimations d'années de vie gagnées. D'après les résultats de l'analyse de sensibilité probabiliste, il était certain à plus de 80% que chaque programme présentait un bon rapport coût-efficacité. Conclusion Les approches communautaires présentent vraisemblablement un bon rapport coût-efficacité pour la prestation de certains services de santé essentiels pour lesquels les praticiens communautaires interviennent dans le cadre d'une équipe intégrée appuyée par le système de santé. Les praticiens communautaires semblent être les plus indiqués dans les communautés rurales pauvres, qui ont un accès limité aux services de professionnels de santé plus qualifiés. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer les caractéristiques programmatiques qui sont cruciales pour l'efficacité des programmes. AB - Цель Оценить рентабельность программ общинной медицинской помощи в Эфиопии, Индонезии и Кении Методы Коэффициенты эффективности дополнительных расходов были оценены для трех программ с точки зрения правительства. Данные по расходам собирались в течение 2012 года. Прирост продолжительности жизни оценивался на основании охвата населения услугами в области охраны репродуктивного здоровья, здоровья матерей, новорожденных и детей. Для Эфиопии и Кении оценка охвата до и после внедрения программы была получена в ходе эмпирических исследований. Для Индонезии охват населения соответствующими услугами здравоохранения оценивался по регулярно поступающим данным. Для оценки количества жизней, сохраненных в результате расширения охвата населения услугами в области охраны репродуктивного здоровья, здоровья матерей, новорожденных и детей, использовалось средство вычисления прироста жизни. В качестве порогового значения готовности оплачивать услуги рассматривался валовой внутренний продукт на душу населения. Результаты По оценкам прирост расходов при увеличении срока жизни на год составил 82 международных доллара в Кении, 999 международных долларов в Эфиопии и 3 396 международных долларов в Индонезии. Результаты были больше всего чувствительны к неопределенности в оценке количества дополнительных лет жизни. На основании вероятностного анализа чувствительности можно более чем с 80%-ной уверенностью утверждать, что каждая программа была рентабельной. Вывод При оказании некоторых наиболее необходимых услуг медицинской помощи ориентированный на общины подход вероятнее всего будет рентабелен в том случае, когда живущие в той или иной общине врачи составляют единую команду, поддерживаемую системой здравоохранения. Такая практика больше подходит для бедных сельских общин, в которых доступ к более квалифицированной медицинской помощи затруднен. Необходимы дополнительные исследования для понимания того, какие именно характеристики программ оказываются критическими для достижения ими рентабельности. AB - 目的 评估埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和印度尼西亚社区医生项目的成本效益。 方法 从政府角度估计三个项目的增量成本效益。 收集 2012 年的成本数据。根据生育、孕产妇、新生儿和儿童保健服务的覆盖范围估计挽救的生命年。 通过实证研究估计埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚在项目实施前和实施后的覆盖范围。 通过常规数据估计印度尼西亚卫生服务干预的覆盖范围。 我们使用挽救的生命计算工具估计由于生育、孕产妇、新生儿和儿童保健服务覆盖范围的变化挽救的生命数量, 使用人均国内生产总值作为参考支付意愿阈值。 结果 埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和印度尼西亚挽救的生命年每一年估计增量成本分别是 999 国际元、82 国际元和 3396 国际元。 这些结果对于挽救的生命年估计的不确定性最为敏感。 根据概率敏感度分析结果,每一个具有成本效益的项目中均存在 80% 以上的确定性。 结论 基于社区的方法可能会提高推行一些重要的卫生干预措施的成本效益,通过卫生干预措施,社区医生可以在卫生体系支持的综合服务团队中行医。 社区医生是缺乏合格的卫生专业人员的农村贫困群体最合适的就医选择。 理解哪些项目设计特点对于成本效益至关重要,仍需进一步研究。 SN - 0042-9686 AD - Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia AD - Institute for International Health & Development, Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret Drive Musselburgh, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Scotland AD - Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England AD - Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands AD - REACHOUT, Hidase Hulentenawi Agelglot Yebego Adragot Mahber, Awassa, Ethiopia AD - REACHOUT, LVCT Health, Nairobi, Kenya AD - Public Health England, North of England Region, England AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States of America AD - Global Health Workforce Alliance, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland DO - 10.2471/BLT.14.144899 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109343411&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Naimoli, Joseph F. AU - Perry, Henry B. AU - Townsend, John W. AU - Frymus, Diana E. AU - McCaffery, James A. T1 - Strategic partnering to improve community health worker programming and performance: features of a community-health system integrated approach. JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health Y1 - 2015/09//9/1/2015 VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 13 SN - 14784491 AB - Background: There is robust evidence that community health workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries can improve their clients' health and well-being. The evidence on proven strategies to enhance and sustain CHW performance at scale, however, is limited. Nevertheless, CHW stakeholders need guidance and new ideas, which can emerge from the recognition that CHWs function at the intersection of two dynamic, overlapping systems -- the formal health system and the community. Although each typically supports CHWs, their support is not necessarily strategic, collaborative or coordinated. Methods: We explore a strategic community health system partnership as one approach to improving CHW programming and performance in countries with or intending to mount large-scale CHW programmes. To identify the components of the approach, we drew on a year-long evidence synthesis exercise on CHW performance, synthesis records, author consultations, documentation on large-scale CHW programmes published after the synthesis and other relevant literature. We also established inclusion and exclusion criteria for the components we considered. We examined as well the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing each component. Results: We identified a minimum package of four strategies that provide opportunities for increased cooperation between communities and health systems and address traditional weaknesses in large-scale CHW programmes, and for which implementation is feasible at sub-national levels over large geographic areas and among vulnerable populations in the greatest need of care. We postulate that the CHW performance benefits resulting from the simultaneous implementation of all four strategies could outweigh those that either the health system or community could produce independently. The strategies are (1) joint ownership and design of CHW programmes, (2) collaborative supervision and constructive feedback, (3) a balanced package of incentives, and (4) a practical monitoring system incorporating data from communities and the health system. Conclusions: We believe that strategic partnership between communities and health systems on a minimum package of simultaneously implemented strategies offers the potential for accelerating progress in improving CHW performance at scale. Comparative, retrospective and prospective research can confirm the potential of these strategies. More experience and evidence on strategic partnership can contribute to our understanding of how to achieve sustainable progress in health with equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Human Resources for Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMMUNITY health aides KW - RESEARCH KW - PERSONNEL management -- Research KW - JOB performance KW - COMMUNITY health services KW - HEALTH programs KW - Communities KW - Community health workers KW - Health systems KW - Performance N1 - Accession Number: 109525936; Naimoli, Joseph F. 1; Email Address: jnaimoli@usaid.gov Perry, Henry B. 2 Townsend, John W. 3 Frymus, Diana E. 1 McCaffery, James A. 4; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA 2: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 3: Population Council, 4301 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA 4: Training Resources Group, 4401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22203, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2015, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health aides; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PERSONNEL management -- Research; Subject Term: JOB performance; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health services; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community health workers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541612 Human Resources Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923130 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs); NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621494 Community health centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12960-015-0041-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109525936&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-41516-004 AN - 2015-41516-004 AU - Ahmed, Saifuddin AU - Ahmed, Salahuddin AU - McKaig, Catharine AU - Begum, Nazma AU - Mungia, Jaime AU - Norton, Maureen AU - Baqui, Abdullah H. T1 - The effect of integrating family planning with a maternal and newborn health program on postpartum contraceptive use and optimal birth spacing in rural Bangladesh. JF - Studies in Family Planning JO - Studies in Family Planning JA - Stud Fam Plann Y1 - 2015/09// VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 297 EP - 312 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 0039-3665 SN - 1728-4465 AD - Ahmed, Saifuddin, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street #E4642, Baltimore, MD, US, 21205 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-41516-004. PMID: 26347092 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Ahmed, Saifuddin; Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, US. Other Publishers: Blackwell Publishing. Release Date: 20151012. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Birth Control; Family Planning; Health Education; Mothers; Postnatal Period. Minor Descriptor: Community Services; Educational Program Planning; Health; Intervention; Rural Environments. Classification: Community & Social Services (3373). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Bangladesh. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Tests & Measures: Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2007). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 16. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 2015. Copyright Statement: The Population Council, Inc. 2015. AB - Meeting postpartum contraceptive need remains a major challenge in developing countries, where the majority of women deliver at home. Using a quasi‐experimental trial design, we examine the effect of integrating family planning (FP) with a community‐based maternal and newborn health (MNH) program on improving postpartum contraceptive use and reducing short birth intervals < 24 months. In this two‐arm trial, community health workers (CHWs) provided integrated FP counseling and services during home visits along with their outreach MNH activities in the intervention arm, but provided only MNH services in the control arm. The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in the intervention arm was 15 percent higher than in the control arm at 12 months, and the difference in CPRs remained statistically significant throughout the 24 months of observation. The short birth interval of less than 24 months was significantly lower in the intervention arm. The study demonstrates that it is feasible and effective to integrate FP services into a community‐based MNH care program for improving postpartum contraceptive use and lengthening birth intervals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - postpartum contraceptive KW - birth spacing KW - family planning KW - community‐based program KW - intervention KW - maternal health KW - newborn health KW - 2015 KW - Birth Control KW - Family Planning KW - Health Education KW - Mothers KW - Postnatal Period KW - Community Services KW - Educational Program Planning KW - Health KW - Intervention KW - Rural Environments KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, Global Health Bureau, Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, US. Grant: GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP). Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2015.00031.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-41516-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - sahmed@jhsph.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yoder, P. Stanley AU - Nsabagasani, Xavier AU - Eckert, Erin AU - Moran, Allisyn AU - Yé, Yazoumé T1 - Perspectives of health care providers on the provision of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy in health facilities in Malawi. JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research Y1 - 2015/08// VL - 15 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14726963 AB - Background: Nearly 20 years after the adoption by the government of Malawi of the provision of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) for malaria, only 55 % of pregnant women received at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in 2010. Although several reasons for the low coverage have been suggested, few studies have examined the views of health care providers. This study examined the experiences of the nurses and midwives in providing antenatal care (ANC) services. Methods: This study was conducted in health facilities in Malawi that provide routine ANC services. Providers of ANC in Malawi were selected from in eight health care facilities of Malawi. Selected providers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide designed to address a series of themes related to their working conditions and their delivery of IPTp. Results: Nurses displayed detailed knowledge of ANC services and the rationale behind them. Nurses understood that they should provide two doses of IPTp during a pregnancy, but they did not agree on the timing of the doses. Nurses gave SP as directly observed therapy (DOT) at the clinic. Nurses did not give SP pills to women to take home with them because they did not trust that women would take the pills. Women who resisted taking SP explained they do not take drugs if they had not eaten, or they feared side effects, or they were not sick. Reasons for not giving the first or second dose of SP included a delay in the first ANC visit, testing positive for HIV, and presenting with malaria. None of the nurses were able to show any specific written guidelines on when to give SP. The challenges faced by the nurses include being overworked and persuading women to take SP under observation. Conclusion: The findings show that the nurses had gained the knowledge and technical skills to provide appropriate ANC services. With regard to IPTp, nurses need guidelines that would be available at the health facility about how and when to give SP. The adoption of the WHO guidelines and their diffusion to health care facilities could help increase the coverage of IPTp2 (at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) in Malawi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Health Services Research is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MEDICAL care KW - PREGNANT women -- Medical care KW - PREVENTIVE medicine KW - PRENATAL care KW - HEALTH facilities KW - MALAWI KW - MALAWI -- Politics & government KW - Antenatal care KW - IPTp KW - Malaria KW - Malawi KW - Service providers N1 - Accession Number: 109244345; Yoder, P. Stanley 1; Email Address: pstanleyyoder@gmail.com Nsabagasani, Xavier 2 Eckert, Erin 3 Moran, Allisyn 3 Yé, Yazoumé 1; Affiliation: 1: ICF International, Rockville, MD, USA 2: Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda 3: Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: PREGNANT women -- Medical care; Subject Term: PREVENTIVE medicine; Subject Term: PRENATAL care; Subject Term: HEALTH facilities; Subject Term: MALAWI; Subject Term: MALAWI -- Politics & government; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenatal care; Author-Supplied Keyword: IPTp; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malawi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Service providers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12913-015-0986-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109244345&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 109244345 T1 - Perspectives of health care providers on the provision of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy in health facilities in Malawi. AU - Yoder, P. Stanley AU - Nsabagasani, Xavier AU - Eckert, Erin AU - Moran, Allisyn AU - Yé, Yazoumé Y1 - 2015/08// N1 - Accession Number: 109244345. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160315. Revision Date: 20150908. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101088677. SP - 1 EP - 10 JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research JA - BMC HEALTH SERV RES VL - 15 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1472-6963 AD - ICF International, Rockville, MD, USA AD - Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda AD - Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC, USA DO - 10.1186/s12913-015-0986-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109244345&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Onovo, Amobi Andrew AU - Nta, Iboro Ekpo AU - Onah, Aaron Anyebe AU - Okolo, Chukwuemeka Arinze AU - Aliyu, Ahmad AU - Dakum, Patrick AU - Atobatele, Akinyemi Olumuyiwa AU - Gado, Pamela T1 - Partner HIV serostatus disclosure and determinants of serodiscordance among prevention of mother to child transmission clients in Nigeria. JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health Y1 - 2015/08// VL - 15 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712458 AB - Background: Serodiscordance exists when the known HIV result of one member of a couple pair is positive while that of his/her partner is negative. In sub-Saharan Africa, in stable long-term couple partnerships (married or cohabiting), serodiscordance is a growing source of HIV-transmissions. This study aimed to ascertain across Nigeria, serodiscordance prevalence, partner HIV status disclosure and explore associations between suspected determinants and serodiscordance among PMTCT enrolled HIV positive pregnant women and their partners. Methods: A retrospective Quality of Care performance evaluation was conducted in July 2013 among 544 HIV positive pregnant enrolees of PMTCT services in 62 comprehensive facilities across 5 of Nigeria's 6 geo-political zones. Data of client-partner pairs were abstracted from pre-existing medical records and analysed using chi-square statistics and logistic regression. Results: A total of 544 (22 %) of 2499 clients with complete partner details were analysed. Clients' age ranged from 15 to 50 years with a mean of 30 years. Serodiscordant prevalence was 52 % and chi-square test suggests no significant difference between serodiscordant and seroconcordant clients and their partners (p = 0.265). Serodiscordant rates were closely associated trend wise with national HIV sero-prevalence rates and the median CD4+ count was 425 ul/mm3 (IQR: 290-606 ul/mm3). Similar proportion of clients (99 %) received testing and agreed to disclose status to their partners. Yet, there was no association between clients agreement to disclose HIV status to their partners and these partners getting tested and receiving results (p = 0.919). Significantly, 87 % of clients in concordant HIV positive relationships appeared to be symptomatic (WHO clinical stage 3 or 4) compared to 13 % clients in HIV-discordant relationships (p < 0.003). Client's age and CD4+ count did not aptly predict serodiscordance (Wald = 0.011 and 0.436 respectively). However, the WHO clinical staging appeared to be a better predictor of serodiscordance and concordance than other variables (Wald = 3.167). Conclusions: The results suggest that clinical staging (WHO) could be a better predictor of client- partner pair discordant or concordant HIV serostatus. Early partner testing and notification can avert seroconversion, hence properly designed and mainstreamed interventions that target serodiscordant couples are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Public Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 109259100; Onovo, Amobi Andrew 1,2; Email Address: amobi_onovo@yahoo.com Nta, Iboro Ekpo 3 Onah, Aaron Anyebe 3 Okolo, Chukwuemeka Arinze 4 Aliyu, Ahmad 4 Dakum, Patrick 5 Atobatele, Akinyemi Olumuyiwa 6 Gado, Pamela 6; Affiliation: 1: Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross Rivers, Nigeria 2: A39 Lazarus Mouka Crescent, El-salem Estate Lugbe, Abuja 900286, FCT, Nigeria 3: Department of Health Systems Strengthening, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria (IHVN), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria 4: Strategic Information, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria (IHVN), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria 5: Office of the CEO, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria (IHVN), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria 6: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12889-015-2155-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109259100&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Orobaton, Nosakhare AU - Abegunde, Dele AU - Shoretire, Kamil AU - Abdulazeez, Jumare AU - Fapohunda, Bolaji AU - Lamiri, Goli AU - Maishanu, Abubakar AU - Ganiyu, Akeem AU - Ndifon, Eric AU - Gwamzhi, Ringpon AU - Osborne-Smith, Matthew T1 - A Report of At-Scale Distribution of Chlorhexidine Digluconate 7.1% Gel for Newborn Cord Care to 36,404 Newborns in Sokoto State, Nigeria: Initial Lessons Learned. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/07/30/ VL - 10 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: With an annual estimated 276,000 neonatal deaths, Nigeria has the second highest of any country in the world. Global progress in accelerating neonatal deaths is hinged to scaled-up interventions in Nigeria. We used routine data of chlorhexidine digluconate 7.1% gel utilized by 36,404 newborns delivered by 36,370 mothers, to study lessons associated with at-scale distribution in Sokoto State, North West Nigeria. Methods and Findings: Under state government leadership, a community-based distribution system overseen by 244 ward development committees and over 3,440 community-based health volunteers and community drug keepers, was activated to deliver two locally stored medicines to women when labor commenced. Newborns and their mothers were tracked through 28 days and 42 days respectively, including verbal autopsy results. 36,404 or 26.3% of expected newborns received the gel from April 2013 to December 2013 throughout all 244 wards in the State. 99.97% of newborns survived past 28 days. There were 124 pre-verified neonatal deaths reported. Upon verification using verbal autopsy procedures, 76 deaths were stillborn and 48 were previously live births. Among the previous 48 live births, the main causes of death were sepsis (40%), asphyxia (29%) and prematurity (8%). Underuse of logistics management information by government in procurement decisions and not accounting for differences in LGA population sizes during commodity distribution, severely limited program scalability. Conclusions: Enhancements in the predictable availability and supply of chlorhexidine digluconate 7.1% gel to communities through better, evidence-based logistics management by the state public sector will most likely dramatically increase program scalability. Infections as a cause of mortality in babies delivered in home settings may be much higher than previously conceived. In tandem with high prevalence of stillborn deaths, delivery, interventions designed to increase mothers’ timely and regular use of quality antenatal care, and increased facility-based based delivery, need urgent attention. We call for accelerated investments in community health volunteer programs and the requisite community measurement systems to better track coverage. We also advocate for the development, refinement and use of routine community-based verbal autopsies to track newborn and maternal survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHLORHEXIDINE KW - STATE governments KW - NEWBORN infants -- Death KW - DECISION making KW - SOKOTO (Nigeria) KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 108634646; Orobaton, Nosakhare 1,2; Email Address: norobaton@jsi.com Abegunde, Dele 1,2 Shoretire, Kamil 1,3 Abdulazeez, Jumare 1,2 Fapohunda, Bolaji 1,2 Lamiri, Goli 4 Maishanu, Abubakar 1,2 Ganiyu, Akeem 1,2 Ndifon, Eric 1,2 Gwamzhi, Ringpon 1,2 Osborne-Smith, Matthew 5; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development/Targeted States High Impact Project, Sokoto Nigeria 2: John Snow, Inc. Research & Training Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America 3: Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD, United States of America 4: European Union Support to Immunization Governance in Nigeria (EU-SIGN Project), Abuja, Nigeria 5: Partners in Health, Boston, MA, United States of America; Source Info: 7/30/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: CHLORHEXIDINE; Subject Term: STATE governments; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants -- Death; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: SOKOTO (Nigeria); Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0134040 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108634646&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Byabagambi, John AU - Marks, Pamela AU - Megere, Humphrey AU - Karamagi, Esther AU - Byakika, Sarah AU - Opio, Alex AU - Calnan, Jacqueline AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Improving the Quality of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision through Use of the Continuous Quality Improvement Approach: A Pilot in 30 PEPFAR-Supported Sites in Uganda. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/07/24/ VL - 10 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Uganda adopted voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) (also called Safe Male Circumcision in Uganda), as part of its HIV prevention strategy in 2010. Since then, the Ministry of Health (MOH) has implemented VMMC mostly with support from the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through its partners. In 2012, two PEPFAR-led external quality assessments evaluated compliance of service delivery sites with minimum quality standards. Quality gaps were identified, including lack of standardized forms or registers, lack of documentation of client consent, poor preparedness for emergencies and use of untrained service providers. In response, PEPFAR, through a USAID-supported technical assistance project, provided support in quality improvement to the MOH and implementing partners to improve quality and safety in VMMC services and build capacity of MOH staff to continuously improve VMMC service quality. Methods and Findings: Sites were supported to identify barriers in achieving national standards, identify possible solutions to overcome the barriers and carry out improvement plans to test these changes, while collecting performance data to objectively measure whether they had bridged gaps. A 53-indicator quality assessment tool was used by teams as a management tool to measure progress; teams also measured client-level indicators through self-assessment of client records. At baseline (February-March 2013), less than 20 percent of sites scored in the “good” range (>80%) for supplies and equipment, patient counseling and surgical procedure; by November 2013, the proportion of sites scoring “good” rose to 67 percent, 93 percent and 90 percent, respectively. Significant improvement was noted in post-operative follow-up at 48 hours, sexually transmitted infection assessment, informed consent and use of local anesthesia but not rate of adverse events. Conclusion: Public sector providers can be engaged to address the quality of VMMC using a continuous quality improvement approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - MEDICAL care -- Quality control KW - FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine) KW - MEDICAL research KW - UGANDA KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 108686505; Byabagambi, John 1 Marks, Pamela 2 Megere, Humphrey 1 Karamagi, Esther 1 Byakika, Sarah 3 Opio, Alex 3 Calnan, Jacqueline 4 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 5; Email Address: enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: USAID Applying Science to Strengthen and Improve Systems (ASSIST) Project, University Research Co., LLC (URC), Kampala, Uganda 2: USAID Applying Science to Strengthen and Improve Systems (ASSIST) Project, University Research Co., LLC (URC), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America 3: Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda 4: Health Team, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Kampala, Uganda 5: Office of HIV/AIDS, Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: 7/24/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Quality control; Subject Term: FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine); Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Subject Term: UGANDA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0133369 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108686505&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shen, Angela K. AU - Farrell, Marguerite M. AU - Vandenbroucke, Mary F. AU - Fox, Elizabeth AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel T1 - Applying lessons learned from the USAID family planning graduation experience to the GAVI graduation process. JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning Y1 - 2015/07// VL - 30 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 687 EP - 695 SN - 02681080 AB - As low income countries experience economic transition, characterized by rapid economic growth and increased government spending potential in health, they have increased fiscal space to support and sustain more of their own health programmes, decreasing need for donor development assistance. Phase out of external funds should be systematic and efforts towards this end should concentrate on government commitments towards country ownership and selfsustainability. The 2006 US Agency for International Development (USAID) family planning (FP) graduation strategy is one such example of a systematic phase-out approach. Triggers for graduation were based on pre-determined criteria and programme indicators. In 2011 the GAVI Alliance (formerly the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations) which primarily supports financing of new vaccines, established a graduation policy process. Countries whose gross national income per capita exceeds $1570 incrementally increase their co-financing of new vaccines over a 5-year period until they are no longer eligible to apply for new GAVI funding, although previously awarded support will continue. This article compares and contrasts the USAID and GAVI processes to apply lessons learned from the USAID FP graduation experience to the GAVI process. The findings of the review are 3-fold: (1) FP graduation plans served an important purpose by focusing on strategic needs across six graduation plan foci, facilitating graduation with pre-determined financial and technical benchmarks, (2) USAID sought to assure contraceptive security prior to graduation, phasing out of contraceptive donations first before phasing out from technical assistance in other programme areas and (3) USAID sought to sustain political support to assure financing of products and programmes continue after graduation. Improving sustainability more broadly beyond vaccine financing provides a more comprehensive approach to graduation. The USAID FP experience provides a window into understanding one approach to graduation from donor assistance. The process itself-involving transparent country-level partners well in advance of graduation-appears a valuable lesson towards success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ECONOMIC development KW - MEDICAL care KW - PUBLIC health KW - FAMILIES KW - family planning graduation KW - GAVI KW - immunization KW - USAID KW - vaccine KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 109479341; Shen, Angela K. 1,2; Email Address: ashen@usaid.gov; Farrell, Marguerite M. 3; Vandenbroucke, Mary F. 4; Fox, Elizabeth 5; Pablos-Mendez, Ariel 1; Affiliations: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 2: US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA; 3: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 4: Office of Country Support, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 5: Office of Health Infectious Disease and Nutrition, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: Jul2015, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p687; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC development; Thesaurus Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: FAMILIES; Author-Supplied Keyword: family planning graduation; Author-Supplied Keyword: GAVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: immunization; Author-Supplied Keyword: USAID; Author-Supplied Keyword: vaccine ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1093/heapol/czu045 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=109479341&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chmielewski, Maciej T1 - Facilitating real-time engagement: #AskAg Twitter chats. JO - Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management JF - Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management Y1 - 2015/07// VL - 3 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 161 EP - 167 SN - 23254688 AB - The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a case study of one U.S. Government agency's experience using Twitter as a platform for knowledge generation and exchange. It is intended as a precursor to a more intense study. In 2012, the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Bureau for Food Security worked with the USAID Knowledge-Driven Microenterprise Development (KDMD) project to pilot a series of Twitter Chat activities, organized under the #AskAg hashtag. The initial objective was to give a voice to development practitioners in the field by providing a monthly platform for them to exchange knowledge on various subjects, with the understanding that the conversation would happen in a transparent and accepted environment-Twitter. Since then, the Bureau has conducted more than 20 #AskAg Twitter Chats with over 100 experts and organizations. These Twitter Chats have covered a multitude of topics that relate to the Bureau's knowledge cycle. #AskAg Twitter Chats have evolved from a simple question and answer format to a more robust, structured conversation due to the addition of a full-time facilitator and participants' greater familiarity with the Twitter platform. Maciej Chmielewski [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management is the property of International Institute for Applied Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOCIAL media KW - GOVERNMENT agencies KW - CASE studies KW - Adaptation KW - Collaboration KW - Communications KW - Knowledge Exchange KW - Knowledge Transfer KW - Social Media KW - Web 2.0 N1 - Accession Number: 109290603; Chmielewski, Maciej 1; Email Address: mchmie@dexisonline.com; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Source Info: 2015, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p161; Subject Term: SOCIAL media; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT agencies; Subject Term: CASE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collaboration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knowledge Exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knowledge Transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social Media; Author-Supplied Keyword: Web 2.0; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109290603&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen Ji AU - Lu, Tammy AU - Dary, Omar AU - Legetic, Branka AU - Campbell, Norm R. AU - Cappuccio, Francesco P. T1 - Systematic review of studies evaluating urinary iodine concentration as a predictor of 24-hour urinary iodine excretion for estimating population iodine intake. T2 - Revisión sistemática de estudios que evalúan la concentración urinaria de yodo como factor predictivo de la excreción urinaria de yodo de 24 horas para calcular la ingesta de yodo en la población. JO - Pan American Journal of Public Health JF - Pan American Journal of Public Health Y1 - 2015/07// VL - 38 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 73 EP - 81 SN - 10204989 AB - Objective. To examine the usefulness of "spot" urine iodine concentrations (UICs) in predicting 24-hour urine iodine excretion (UIE)for estimating average population iodine intake. Methods. An electronic literature search was conducted for articles published through 19 May 2013 in MEDLINE (from 1950), EMBASE (from 1980), and the Cochrane Library (from 1993) using the terms "urinary excretion (timed or spot or random) and (24 h or 24 hour)," "iodine (iodine deficiency)," "iodine (intake)," and "urine (timed, spot, random, 24-hour)." Full-text articles about studies that examined ≥40 healthy human subjects and measured UIE using the 24-hour urine collection method and UIC and/or UIE using one alternative method (spot (random), timed, and "overnight" (first morning urine), fasting or not fasting) were selected and reviewed. Results. The review included data from 1 434 participants across the six studies that met the inclusion criteria. The main statistical methods for comparing data from the 24-hour urine collections with the values obtained from the alternative method(s) were either regression (β) or correlation (r) coefficients and concordance analysis through Bland-Altman plots. The urine samples collected using the alternative methods were subject to greater intra-individual and inter-individual variability than the 24-hour urine collections. There was a wide range in coefficient values for the comparisons between 24-hour URE measured in 24-hour urine collection and 24-hour UIE estimated using the alternative sampling methods. No alternative sampling method (spot, timed, or "overnight") was appropriate for estimating 24-hour UIE. Conclusions. The results of this systematic review suggest current data on UICs as a means of predicting 24-hour UIE for estimating population sodium intake are inadequate and highlight the need for further methodological investigations. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo. Analizar la utilidad de la concentraciones urinarias de yodo en una muestra puntual de orina como predicción de la excreción urinaria de yodo de 24 horas para calcular la ingesta promedio de yodo en la población. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de bibliografía electrónica de artículos publicados hasta el 19 de mayo del 2013 en MEDLINE (desde 1950), EMBASE (desde 1980) y la Biblioteca Cochrane (desde 1993) que utilizaran los términos "urinary excretion (timed or spot or random) y (24 h or 24 hour)", "iodine (iodine deficiency)", "iodine (intake)", y "urine (timed, spot, random, 24-hour)" ("excreción urinaria [programada o puntual o aleatoria] y [24 h o 24 horas]", "yodo [carencia de yodo]", "yodo [ingesta]", y "orina [programada, puntual, aleatoria, 24 horas]"). Se seleccionaron y analizaron artículos de texto completo acerca de estudios que hubieran examinado como mínimo a 40 personas sanas y medido la excreción urinaria de yodo mediante la recolección de orina de 24 horas, y la concentración urinaria de yodo o la excreción urinaria de yodo mediante un método alternativo (recolección puntual [aleatoria], programada y "de toda la noche" [primera orina de la mañana], en ayunas o no). Resultados. La revisión incluyó datos de 1 434 participantes de los seis estudios que reunieron los criterios de inclusión. Los principales métodos estadísticos utilizados para comparar los datos de las recolecciones de orina de 24 horas con los valores obtenidos a partir de los métodos alternativos fueron los coeficientes de regresión (β) o correlación (r) y los análisis de concordancia mediante el gráfico de Bland-Altman. Las muestras de orina recolectadas mediante métodos alternativos presentaron una mayor variabilidad interpersonal y para una misma persona que las recolecciones de orina de 24 horas. Se observó una amplia gama de valores de los coeficientes en las comparaciones entre la excreción urinaria de yodo de 24 horas medida mediante la recolección de orina de 24 horas y la excreción urinaria de yodo de 24 horas calculada mediante métodos de muestreo alternativos. Ningún método de muestreo alternativo (puntual, programado o "de toda la noche") resultó apropiado para calcular la excreción urinaria de yodo de 24 horas. Conclusiones. Los resultados de esta revisión sistemática indican que los datos actuales en cuanto a la concentración urinaria de yodo como factor predictivo de la excreción urinaria de yodo de 24 horas para calcular la ingesta de yodo en la población son inadecuados y subrayan la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones metodológicas. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Pan American Journal of Public Health is the property of Pan American Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IODINE KW - URINE KW - IODINE deficiency diseases KW - EXCRETION KW - BLAND-Altman plot KW - COLLECTION & preservation KW - Iodine KW - iodine, urine KW - population KW - urine specimen collection KW - población KW - toma de muestras de orina KW - Yodo KW - yodo, orina N1 - Accession Number: 110556496; Chen Ji 1; Email Address: f.p.cappuccio@warwick.ac.uk Lu, Tammy 2 Dary, Omar 3 Legetic, Branka 4 Campbell, Norm R. 2 Cappuccio, Francesco P. 1; Affiliation: 1: University of Warwick, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom 2: Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 3: Nutrition Division, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States of America 4: Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Management, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p73; Subject Term: IODINE; Subject Term: URINE; Subject Term: IODINE deficiency diseases; Subject Term: EXCRETION; Subject Term: BLAND-Altman plot; Subject Term: COLLECTION & preservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iodine; Author-Supplied Keyword: iodine, urine; Author-Supplied Keyword: population; Author-Supplied Keyword: urine specimen collection; Author-Supplied Keyword: población; Author-Supplied Keyword: toma de muestras de orina; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yodo; Author-Supplied Keyword: yodo, orina; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110556496&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riewpaiboon, A. AU - Sooksriwong, C. AU - Chaiyakunapruk, N. AU - Tharmaphornpilas, P. AU - Techathawat, S. AU - Rookkapan, K. AU - Rasdjarmrearnsook, A. AU - Suraratdecha, C. T1 - Optimizing national immunization program supply chain management in Thailand: an economic analysis. JO - Public Health (Elsevier) JF - Public Health (Elsevier) Y1 - 2015/07// VL - 129 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 899 EP - 906 SN - 00333506 AB - Objectives: This study aimed to conduct an economic analysis of the transition of the conventional vaccine supply and logistics systems to the vendor managed inventory (VMI) system in Thailand. Study design: Cost analysis of health care program. Methods: An ingredients based approach was used to design the survey and collect data for an economic analysis of the immunization supply and logistics systems covering procurement, storage and distribution of vaccines from the central level to the lowest level of vaccine administration facility. Costs were presented in 2010 US dollar. Results: The total cost of the vaccination program including cost of vaccine procured and logistics under the conventional system was US$0.60 per packed volume procured (cm3) and US$1.35 per dose procured compared to US$0.66 per packed volume procured (cm3) and US$1.43 per dose procured under the VMI system. However, the findings revealed that the transition to the VMI system and outsourcing of the supply chain system reduced the cost of immunization program at US$6.6 million per year because of reduction of unopened vaccine wastage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Public Health (Elsevier) is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Cost analysis KW - Logistics KW - National immunization program KW - Thailand N1 - Accession Number: 110472018; Riewpaiboon, A. 1; Email Address: arthorn.rie@mahidol.ac.th Sooksriwong, C. 2 Chaiyakunapruk, N. 2,3,4,5 Tharmaphornpilas, P. 6 Techathawat, S. 6 Rookkapan, K. 7 Rasdjarmrearnsook, A. 6 Suraratdecha, C. 8; Affiliation: 1: Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand 2: School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia 3: Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research (CPOR), Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand 4: School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA 5: School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 6: Bureau of General Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand 7: Department of Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 8: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 129 Issue 7, p899; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Logistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: National immunization program; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thailand; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110472018&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 110472018 T1 - Optimizing national immunization program supply chain management in Thailand: an economic analysis. AU - Riewpaiboon, A. AU - Sooksriwong, C. AU - Chaiyakunapruk, N. AU - Tharmaphornpilas, P. AU - Techathawat, S. AU - Rookkapan, K. AU - Rasdjarmrearnsook, A. AU - Suraratdecha, C. Y1 - 2015/07// N1 - Accession Number: 110472018. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20151027. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 0376507. SP - 899 EP - 906 JO - Public Health (Elsevier) JF - Public Health (Elsevier) JA - PUBLIC HEALTH (ELSEVIER) VL - 129 IS - 7 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0033-3506 AD - Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand AD - School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia AD - Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research (CPOR), Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA AD - School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia AD - Bureau of General Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand AD - Department of Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA U2 - PMID: 26027451. DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=110472018&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 110383792 T1 - Systematic review of studies evaluating urinary iodine concentration as a predictor of 24-hour urinary iodine excretion for estimating population iodine intake. AU - Chen Ji AU - Lu, Tammy AU - Dary, Omar AU - Legetic, Branka AU - Campbell, Norm R. AU - Cappuccio, Francesco P. Y1 - 2015/07// N1 - Accession Number: 110383792. Language: English. Entry Date: 20151020. Revision Date: 20151020. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice. NLM UID: 9705400. KW - Iodine -- Urine KW - Iodine -- Metabolism KW - Food Intake -- Evaluation KW - Urine Specimen Collection KW - Human KW - Systematic Review KW - Medline KW - Embase KW - Cochrane Library KW - Female KW - Male KW - Young Adult KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Adolescence KW - Aged KW - Child SP - 73 EP - 81 JO - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica JF - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica JA - PAN AM J PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 38 IS - 1 CY - Washington, District of Columbia PB - Pan American Health Organization SN - 1020-4989 AD - University of Warwick, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom AD - Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada AD - Nutrition Division, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States of America AD - Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Management, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America U2 - PMID: 26506324. DO - S1020-49892015000600010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=110383792&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - HENRICHSON, CHRISTIAN AU - ABBOTT, KARL AU - DISNEY, ABIGAIL E. AU - DAVIS, ANNE AU - SAMPLER, LARRY AU - BUCKLIN HENZE, SUSANNE T1 - LETTERS. JO - New York Times JF - New York Times Y1 - 2015/06/03/ VL - 164 IS - 56886 M3 - Letter to the Editor SP - A28 EP - A28 SN - 03624331 AB - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in May 2015 issue including "How to Lock Up Fewer People," by Marc Mauer and David Cole, "Talking About Peace, When Despots Don't Care," by Serge Schmemann, and "Afghan Minerals, Another Failure." KW - MASS incarceration KW - WOMEN & peace KW - MINES & mineral resources KW - AFGHANISTAN N1 - Accession Number: 102999429; HENRICHSON, CHRISTIAN 1 ABBOTT, KARL DISNEY, ABIGAIL E. 2 DAVIS, ANNE 3 SAMPLER, LARRY 4 BUCKLIN HENZE, SUSANNE; Affiliation: 1: Director, Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit, Center on Sentencing and Corrections, Vera Institute of Justice 2: Founder, Peace Is Loud 3: Consulting medical director, Physicians for Reproductive Health 4: Assistant, administrator for Afghanistan and Pakistan Affairs, United States Agency for International Development; Source Info: 6/3/2015, Vol. 164 Issue 56886, pA28; Subject Term: MASS incarceration; Subject Term: WOMEN & peace; Subject Term: MINES & mineral resources; Subject Term: AFGHANISTAN; Number of Pages: 2/5p; Document Type: Letter to the Editor UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102999429&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gegia, Medea AU - Magee, Matthew J. AU - Kempker, Russell R. AU - Kalandadze, Iagor AU - Chakhaia, Tsira AU - Golub, Jonathan E. AU - Blumberg, Henry M. T1 - Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Georgia. T2 - El consumo de tabaco y los resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis: un estudio de cohortes prospectivo en Georgia. T2 - Tabagisme et résultats des traitements antituberculeux : étude de cohorte prospective en Géorgie. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 93 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 390 EP - 399 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective To assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Tbilisi, Georgia. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis from May 2011 to November 2013. History of tobacco smoking was collected using a standardized questionnaire adapted from the global adult tobacco survey. We considered tuberculosis therapy to have a poor outcome if participants defaulted, failed treatment or died. We used multivariable regressions to estimate the risk of a poor treatment outcome. Findings Of the 591 tuberculosis patients enrolled, 188 (31.8%) were past smokers and 271 (45.9%) were current smokers. Ninety (33.2%) of the current smokers and 24(18.2%) of the participants who had never smoked had previously been treated for tuberculosis (P<0.01). Treatment outcome data were available for 524 of the participants, of whom 128 (24.4%) - including 80 (32.9%) of the 243 current smokers and 21 (17.2%) of the 122 individuals who had never smoked - had a poor treatment outcome. Compared with those who had never smoked, current smokers had an increased risk of poor treatment outcome (adjusted relative risk, aRR: 1.70; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00-2.90). Those who had ceased smoking more than two months before enrolment did not have such an increased risk (aRR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.51-1.99). Conclusion There is a high prevalence of smoking among patients with tuberculosis in Georgia and smoking increases the riskof a poor treatment outcome. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo Evaluar los efectos del consumo de tabaco en los resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis enTbilisi, Georgia. Métodos Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohortes prospectivo en adultos con tuberculosis confirmada mediante pruebas de laboratorio de mayo de 2011 a noviembre de 2013. Se recopiló información sobre el consumo de tabaco mediante un cuestionario normalizado adaptado a partir de la Encuesta Mundial sobreelTabacoy los Adultos. Seconsideró que los resultados de la terapia antituberculosa eran deficientes si los participantes incumplían el tratamiento, no lo realizaban o morían. Se utilizaron regresiones multivariables para estimar el riesgo de obtener unos resultados deficientes del tratamiento. Resultados De los 591 pacientes con tuberculosis inscritos, 188 (31,8%) eran antiguos fumadores y 271 (45,9%) eran fumadores actuales. Noventa (33,2%) de los fumadores actuales y 24 (18,2%) de los participantes que no habían fumado nunca habían recibido tratamiento para la tuberculosis anteriormente (P < 0,01). Los datos sobre los resultados del tratamiento estuvieron disponibles para 524 de los participantes, de los cuales 128 (24,4%) (incluyendo los 80 (32,9%) de los 243 fumadores y 21 (17,2%) de las 122 personas que nunca habían fumado) obtuvieron unos resultados deficientes del tratamiento. En comparación con las personas que no habían fumado nunca, los fumadores actuales tenían un riesgo superior de obtener unos resu ltados deficientes del tratamiento (riesgo relativo ajustado, RRa: 1,70; intervalo de confianza, IC, del 95%: 1,00-2,90). Aquellas personas que habían dejado de fumar más de dos meses antes de la inscripción no experimentaban un aumento del riesgo tan elevado (RRa: 1,01 (IC del 95%: 0,51-1,99). Conclusión Existe una elevada prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre los pacientes con tuberculosis en Georgia y el consumo de tabaco aumenta el riesgo de obtener unos resultados deficientes del tratamiento. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif Évaluer l'effet du tabagisme sur les résultats des traitements antituberculeux à Tbilissi, en Géorgie. Méthodes Nous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte prospective chez des adultes atteints de tuberculose confirmée en laboratoire, de mai 2011 à novembre 2013. Les antécédents de tabagisme ont été recueillis à l'aide d'un questionnaire standardisé, adapté de l'enquête mondiale sur le tabagisme des adultes. Nous avons considéré que les résultats du traitement antituberculeux étaient mauvais si les participants ne l'avaient pas respecté, n'avaient pas répondu au traitement ou étaient décédés. Nous avons utilisé des régressions multivariées pour estimer le risque de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques. Résultats Sur les 591 patients atteints de tuberculose, 188 (31,8%) étaient d'anciens fumeurs et 271 (45,9%) fumaient encore. Quatre-vingt-dix (33,2%) fumeurs actuels et 24 (18,2%) participants n'ayant jamais fumé avaient précédemment pris un traitement contre la tuberculose (P<0,01). Les données sur les résultats des traitements étaientdisponibles pour 524des participants, sur lesquels 128 (24,4%) - dont 80 (32,9%) des 243 fumeurs actuels et 21 (17,2%) des 122 personnes n'ayant jamais fumé - montraient de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques. Comparés aux personnes n'ayant jamais fumé, les fumeurs actuels présentaient un risque accru de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques (risque relatif ajusté, RRa : 1,70 ;intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC : 1,00-2,90). Les personnes qui avaient arrêté de fumer plus de deux mois avant leur inclusion à l'étude ne présentaient pas une telle augmentation du risque (RRa: 1,01 ;IC de 95%: 0,51-1,99). Conclusion Il existe une forte prévalencede ta bagismechez les patients atteints de tuberculose en Géorgie et le tabagisme augmente le risque de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - CHI-squared test KW - CONFIDENCE intervals KW - INTERVIEWING KW - LONGITUDINAL method KW - PROBABILITY theory KW - QUESTIONNAIRES KW - RESEARCH -- Finance KW - SELF-evaluation KW - SMOKING KW - STATISTICS KW - DATA analysis KW - MULTIPLE regression analysis KW - RELATIVE risk (Medicine) KW - TREATMENT effectiveness KW - DATA analysis -- Software KW - DESCRIPTIVE statistics KW - KRUSKAL-Wallis Test KW - EVALUATION KW - GEORGIA (Republic) N1 - Accession Number: 103067697; Gegia, Medea 1 Magee, Matthew J. 2; Email Address: mjmagee@gsu.edu Kempker, Russell R. 3 Kalandadze, Iagor 4 Chakhaia, Tsira 1 Golub, Jonathan E. 5 Blumberg, Henry M. 3; Affiliation: 1: University Research Company LLC Branch in Georgia, United States Agency for International Development Georgia Tuberculosis Prevention Project, Tbilisi, Georgia 2: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, One Park Place NE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America (USA) 3: Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA 4: Gudushauri National Medical Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia 5: School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 93 Issue 6, p390; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: CHI-squared test; Subject Term: CONFIDENCE intervals; Subject Term: INTERVIEWING; Subject Term: LONGITUDINAL method; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: QUESTIONNAIRES; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: SELF-evaluation; Subject Term: SMOKING; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: MULTIPLE regression analysis; Subject Term: RELATIVE risk (Medicine); Subject Term: TREATMENT effectiveness; Subject Term: DATA analysis -- Software; Subject Term: DESCRIPTIVE statistics; Subject Term: KRUSKAL-Wallis Test; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: GEORGIA (Republic); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.14.147439 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103067697&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 109794395 T1 - Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Georgia. AU - Gegia, Medea AU - Magee, Matthew J. AU - Kempker, Russell R. AU - Kalandadze, Iagor AU - Chakhaia, Tsira AU - Golub, Jonathan E. AU - Blumberg, Henry M. Y1 - 2015/06// N1 - Accession Number: 109794395. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150608. Revision Date: 20150923. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Public Health. Grant Information: This work was supported in part by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Global Tobacco Control, the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Control, the United States National Institute of Health Fogarty International Center (D43TW007124), United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K23AI1030344), the Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (NIH/NCATS UL1TR00454), the Emory Global Health Institute and the Bloomberg Foundation.. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Smoking -- Epidemiology KW - Tuberculosis -- Therapy -- Georgia (Republic) KW - Treatment Outcomes -- Evaluation KW - Funding Source KW - Human KW - Georgia (Republic) KW - Prospective Studies KW - Questionnaires KW - Multiple Regression KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - P-Value KW - Relative Risk KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Interviews KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Male KW - Female KW - Data Analysis, Statistical KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test KW - Kruskal-Wallis Test KW - Chi Square Test KW - Self Report SP - 390 EP - 399 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 93 IS - 6 PB - World Health Organization AB - Objective To assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Tbilisi, Georgia. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis from May 2011 to November 2013. History of tobacco smoking was collected using a standardized questionnaire adapted from the global adult tobacco survey. We considered tuberculosis therapy to have a poor outcome if participants defaulted, failed treatment or died. We used multivariable regressions to estimate the risk of a poor treatment outcome. Findings Of the 591 tuberculosis patients enrolled, 188 (31.8%) were past smokers and 271 (45.9%) were current smokers. Ninety (33.2%) of the current smokers and 24(18.2%) of the participants who had never smoked had previously been treated for tuberculosis (P<0.01). Treatment outcome data were available for 524 of the participants, of whom 128 (24.4%) - including 80 (32.9%) of the 243 current smokers and 21 (17.2%) of the 122 individuals who had never smoked - had a poor treatment outcome. Compared with those who had never smoked, current smokers had an increased risk of poor treatment outcome (adjusted relative risk, aRR: 1.70; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00-2.90). Those who had ceased smoking more than two months before enrolment did not have such an increased risk (aRR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.51-1.99). Conclusion There is a high prevalence of smoking among patients with tuberculosis in Georgia and smoking increases the riskof a poor treatment outcome. SN - 0042-9686 AD - University Research Company LLC Branch in Georgia, United States Agency for International Development Georgia Tuberculosis Prevention Project, Tbilisi, Georgia AD - Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, One Park Place NE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America (USA) AD - Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA AD - Gudushauri National Medical Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia AD - School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA DO - 10.2471/BLT.14.147439 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109794395&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hogue, Emily T1 - Learning as we Leap: What we need to know about development in the context of rural transformation. JO - Development JF - Development Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 58 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 275 EP - 285 SN - 10116370 AB - This article explores evidence under three themes within the context of rural transformation: sustainable intensification of production, scaling of improved technologies among the poorest and most vulnerable, and the role of women in agriculture and the gender gap in production. The learning gaps discussed herein are shaped by both a review of literature and the priorities of development organizations and governments working to foster rural transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Development is the property of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RURAL development KW - AGRICULTURE KW - GENDER inequality KW - agriculture KW - evaluation KW - learning agenda KW - rural development N1 - Accession Number: 121441870; Hogue, Emily 1; Email Address: ehogue@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: USAID , Washington USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 58 Issue 2/3, p275; Subject Term: RURAL development; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Subject Term: GENDER inequality; Author-Supplied Keyword: agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: learning agenda; Author-Supplied Keyword: rural development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 925120 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1057/s41301-016-0005-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121441870&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leisher, Craig AU - Temsah, Gheda AU - Booker, Francesca AU - Day, Michael AU - Agarwal, Bina AU - Matthews, Elizabeth AU - Roe, Dilys AU - Russell, Diane AU - Samberg, Leah AU - Sunderland, Terry AU - Wilkie, David T1 - Does the gender composition of forest and fishery management groups affect resource governance and conservation outcomes: a systematic map protocol. JO - Environmental Evidence JF - Environmental Evidence Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 4 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - BioMed Central SN - 20472382 AB - Background: In the fields of environmental governance and biodiversity conservation, there is a growing awareness that gender has an influence on resource use and management. Several studies argue that empowering women in resource governance can lead to beneficial outcomes for resource sustainability and biodiversity conservation. Yet how robust is the evidence to support this claim? Here we focus on the forestry and fisheries sectors to answer the primary question: What is the evidence that the gender composition of forest and fishery management groups affects resource governance and conservation outcomes? Our objective is to produce a systematic map of the evidence highlighting, inter alia, the geographic distribution and quality of the evidence, the consistency and robustness of the findings, and where further research is needed. Methods/design: This protocol provides the details of the methodology. The search terms used to identify relevant articles were developed in an iterative process using the phraseology of the primary question, Boolean operators, and a list of synonyms for each term. The search terms will be used to identify relevant articles in CAB Abstracts, Scopus, AGRIS, AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, and Google. A test library of 12 articles will ensure that the search captures the relevant literature. Searches will be in English but will not be restricted by publication date. The websites of 22 international organisations with a known interest in gender-related issues will be screened for relevant documents. The gender-focussed researchers at large conservation NGOs, the members of the Poverty and Conservation Learning Group, and the members of the Gender and Environment Working Group will be invited to submit relevant documents. The list of references of included articles will be screened to identify other relevant articles in a 'backwards snowballing' approach. The inclusion criteria are that an article refers to women or gender, forests or fisheries, a resource management group, a quantitative comparison, and an environmental governance or biodiversity conservation outcome in a non-OECD country. A data extraction template with 27 variables will be used to assess the included articles. The output will be a narrative report with descriptive statistics and an evidence-gap map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Environmental Evidence is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Fishery management KW - Aquatic resources -- Management KW - Strategic planning KW - Leadership KW - Transgender people KW - Citizen participation KW - Conservation KW - Equity KW - Fishing KW - Forests KW - Gender impacts KW - Livelihoods KW - Sustainability N1 - Accession Number: 108494694; Leisher, Craig 1; Email Address: craig.leisher@tnc.org; Temsah, Gheda 2; Booker, Francesca 3,4; Day, Michael 3,4; Agarwal, Bina 5; Matthews, Elizabeth 6; Roe, Dilys 4; Russell, Diane 7; Samberg, Leah 8; Sunderland, Terry 3; Wilkie, David 6; Affiliations: 1: Nature Conservancy (TNC), 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA; 2: ICF International (IFCI), 1725 I St NW #1000, Washington, DC 20006, USA; 3: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 80-86 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8NH, UK; 4: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; 5: School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; 6: Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA; 7: Forestry and Biodiversity Office, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20004, USA; 8: Conservation Science Partners, 527 Cleveland Street, Missoula, MT 59801, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Fishery management; Thesaurus Term: Aquatic resources -- Management; Subject Term: Strategic planning; Subject Term: Leadership; Subject Term: Transgender people; Author-Supplied Keyword: Citizen participation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fishing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gender impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Livelihoods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sustainability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112511 Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13750-015-0039-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108494694&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ebener, Steeve AU - Guerra-Arias, Maria AU - Campbell, James AU - Tatem, Andrew J. AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Johnson, Fiifi Amoako AU - Fogstad, Helga AU - Stenberg, Karin AU - Neal, Sarah AU - Bailey, Patricia AU - Porter, Reid AU - Matthews, Zoe T1 - The geography of maternal and newborn health: the state of the art. JO - International Journal of Health Geographics JF - International Journal of Health Geographics Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 14 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1476072X AB - As the deadline for the millennium development goals approaches, it has become clear that the goals linked to maternal and newborn health are the least likely to be achieved by 2015. It is therefore critical to ensure that all possible data, tools and methods are fully exploited to help address this gap. Among the methods that are under-used, mapping has always represented a powerful way to 'tell the story' of a health problem in an easily understood way. In addition to this, the advanced analytical methods and models now being embedded into Geographic Information Systems allow a more in-depth analysis of the causes behind adverse maternal and newborn health (MNH) outcomes. This paper examines the current state of the art in mapping the geography of MNH as a starting point to unleashing the potential of these under-used approaches. Using a rapid literature review and the description of the work currently in progress, this paper allows the identification of methods in use and describes a framework for methodological approaches to inform improved decision-making. The paper is aimed at health metrics and geography of health specialists, the MNH community, as well as policy-makers in developing countries and international donor agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Health Geographics is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PREGNANT women -- Health KW - RESEARCH KW - NEWBORN infants KW - HEALTH KW - PSYCHIATRIC research KW - GEOGRAPHIC information systems KW - Geography KW - GIS KW - Inequalities KW - Maternal health KW - Millennium development goals KW - Newborn health KW - UN Millennium Project N1 - Accession Number: 103721956; Ebener, Steeve 1; Email Address: steeve.ebener@gaia-geosystems.org Guerra-Arias, Maria 2 Campbell, James 3 Tatem, Andrew J. 4 Moran, Allisyn C. 5 Johnson, Fiifi Amoako 6 Fogstad, Helga 7 Stenberg, Karin 8 Neal, Sarah 6 Bailey, Patricia 8 Porter, Reid 9 Matthews, Zoe 6; Affiliation: 1: Gaia GeoSystems, Muscat, Oman 2: ICS Integrare, Barcelona, Spain 3: WHO, Geneva, Switzerland 4: WorldPop, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 5: USAID, Washington, DC, USA 6: University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 7: NORAD, Oslo, Norway 8: AMDD and FHI 360, Durham, USA 9: University of Texas, Austin, Austin, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PREGNANT women -- Health; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants; Subject Term: HEALTH; Subject Term: PSYCHIATRIC research; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geography; Author-Supplied Keyword: GIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inequalities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Millennium development goals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Newborn health; Company/Entity: UN Millennium Project; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12942-015-0012-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103721956&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ansbro, Éimhín M. AU - Gill, Michelle M. AU - Reynolds, Joanna AU - Shelley, Katharine D. AU - Strasser, Susan AU - Sripipatana, Tabitha AU - Ncube, Alexander Tshaka AU - Tembo Mumba, Grace AU - Terris-Prestholt, Fern AU - Peeling, Rosanna W. AU - Mabey, David T1 - Introduction of Syphilis Point-of-Care Tests, from Pilot Study to National Programme Implementation in Zambia: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Workers’ Perspectives on Testing, Training and Quality Assurance. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 10 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Syphilis affects 1.4 million pregnant women globally each year. Maternal syphilis causes congenital syphilis in over half of affected pregnancies, leading to early foetal loss, pregnancy complications, stillbirth and neonatal death. Syphilis is under-diagnosed in pregnant women. Point-of-care rapid syphilis tests (RST) allow for same-day treatment and address logistical barriers to testing encountered with standard Rapid Plasma Reagin testing. Recent literature emphasises successful introduction of new health technologies requires healthcare worker (HCW) acceptance, effective training, quality monitoring and robust health systems. Following a successful pilot, the Zambian Ministry of Health (MoH) adopted RST into policy, integrating them into prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinics in four underserved Zambian districts. We compare HCW experiences, including challenges encountered in scaling up from a highly supported NGO-led pilot to a large-scale MoH-led national programme. Questionnaires were administered through structured interviews of 16 HCWs in two pilot districts and 24 HCWs in two different rollout districts. Supplementary data were gathered via stakeholder interviews, clinic registers and supervisory visits. Using a conceptual framework adapted from health technology literature, we explored RST acceptance and usability. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Key themes in qualitative data were explored using template analysis. Overall, HCWs accepted RST as learnable, suitable, effective tools to improve antenatal services, which were usable in diverse clinical settings. Changes in training, supervision and quality monitoring models between pilot and rollout may have influenced rollout HCW acceptance and compromised testing quality. While quality monitoring was integrated into national policy and training, implementation was limited during rollout despite financial support and mentorship. We illustrate that new health technology pilot research can rapidly translate into policy change and scale-up. However, training, supervision and quality assurance models should be reviewed and strengthened as rollout of the Zambian RST programme continues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SYPHILIS -- Diagnosis KW - POINT-of-care testing KW - PILOT projects KW - QUALITATIVE research KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - DATA analysis KW - ZAMBIA KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 103566990; Ansbro, Éimhín M. 1; Email Address: ansbroe@yahoo.co.uk Gill, Michelle M. 2 Reynolds, Joanna 3 Shelley, Katharine D. 4 Strasser, Susan 5 Sripipatana, Tabitha 6 Ncube, Alexander Tshaka 5 Tembo Mumba, Grace 7 Terris-Prestholt, Fern 8 Peeling, Rosanna W. 1 Mabey, David 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 2: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 3: Department of Social & Environmental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 4: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lusaka, Zambia 6: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 7: HIV/AIDS STI Programme, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia 8: Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 10 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: SYPHILIS -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: POINT-of-care testing; Subject Term: PILOT projects; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE research; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ZAMBIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0127728 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103566990&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Kampen, Sanne C. AU - Susanto, Nugroho H. AU - Simon, Sumanto AU - Astiti, Shinta D. AU - Chandra, Roni AU - Burhan, Erlina AU - Farid, Muhammad N. AU - Chittenden, Kendra AU - Mustikawati, Dyah E. AU - Alisjahbana, Bachti T1 - Effects of Introducing Xpert MTB/RIF on Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia: A Pre-Post Intervention Study. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/06// VL - 10 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: In March 2012, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) was introduced in three provincial public hospitals in Indonesia as a novel diagnostic to detect tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance among high risk individuals. Objective: This study assessed the effects of using Xpert in place of conventional solid and liquid culture and drug-susceptibility testing on case detection rates, treatment initiation rates, and health system delays among drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) patients. Methods: Cohort data on registration, test results and treatment initiation were collected from routine presumptive patient registers one year before and one year after Xpert was introduced. Proportions of case detection and treatment initiation were compared using the Pearson Chi square test and median time delays using the Mood’s Median test. Results: A total of 975 individuals at risk of drug-resistant TB were registered in the pre-intervention year and 1,442 in the post-intervention year. After Xpert introduction, TB positivity rate increased by 15%, while rifampicin resistance rate reduced by 23% among TB positive cases and by 9% among all tested. Second-line TB treatment initiation rate among rifampicin resistant patients increased by 19%. Time from client registration to diagnosis was reduced by 74 days to a median of a single day (IQR 0–4) and time from diagnosis to treatment start was reduced by 27 days to a median of 15 days (IQR 7–51). All findings were significant with p<0.001. Conclusion: Compared to solid and liquid culture and drug-susceptibility testing, Xpert detected more TB and less rifampicin resistance, increased second-line treatment initiation rates and shortened time to diagnosis and treatment. This test holds promise to improve rapid case finding and management of drug-resistant TB patients in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - DRUG resistance KW - TUBERCULOSIS patients KW - PUBLIC health KW - DISEASE susceptibility KW - INDONESIA KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 103567508; van Kampen, Sanne C. 1; Email Address: sanne.vankampen@kncvtbc.org Susanto, Nugroho H. 2,3 Simon, Sumanto 3,4 Astiti, Shinta D. 3 Chandra, Roni 5 Burhan, Erlina 6 Farid, Muhammad N. 3,7 Chittenden, Kendra 8 Mustikawati, Dyah E. 9 Alisjahbana, Bachti 2,3; Affiliation: 1: Access to Laboratory Services Team, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands 2: Medical Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia 3: Tuberculosis Operational Research Group, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia 4: Medical Faculty, Universitas Atmadjaja, Jakarta, Indonesia 5: Laboratory Team TB CARE I, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia 6: Department of Lung and Respiratory Health, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia 7: Sub-Directorate Statistics and Design, Central Bureau of Statistics, Jakarta, Indonesia 8: Health Division, United States Agency for International Development, Jakarta, Indonesia 9: National Tuberculosis Control Program, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 10 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: DRUG resistance; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS patients; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: DISEASE susceptibility; Subject Term: INDONESIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123536 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103567508&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fabic, Madeleine S. AU - Yoonjoung Choi AU - Bongaarts, John AU - Darroch, Jacqueline E. AU - Ross, John A. AU - Stover, John AU - Tsui, Amy O. AU - Upadhyay, Jagdish AU - Starbird, Ellen T1 - Meeting demand for family planning within a generation: the post-2015 agenda. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2015/05/16/ VL - 385 IS - 9981 M3 - Opinion SP - 1928 EP - 1931 SN - 00995355 AB - The article deals with international efforts to meet the demand for family planning which is envisioned to prevent child mortality, eradicate preventable maternal deaths and create a generation free of AIDS after 2015. Topics discussed include the benefits of family planning to women and children, the use of benchmarking in measuring progress in sexual and reproductive health and rights agenda, and the use of modern contraceptive methods in meeting the demand for family planning. KW - FAMILY planning KW - METHODOLOGY KW - CHILD mortality KW - PREVENTION KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - INTERNATIONAL cooperation KW - REPRODUCTIVE health N1 - Accession Number: 102722070; Fabic, Madeleine S. 1 Yoonjoung Choi 1 Bongaarts, John 2 Darroch, Jacqueline E. 3 Ross, John A. 4 Stover, John 5 Tsui, Amy O. 6 Upadhyay, Jagdish 7 Starbird, Ellen 1; Email Address: estarbird@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA 2: Population Council, New York, NY, USA 3: Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA 4: Futures Group International, Wallkill, NY, USA 5: Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, USA 6: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 7: United Nations Population Fund, New York, NY, USA; Source Info: 5/16/2015, Vol. 385 Issue 9981, p1928; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: CHILD mortality; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL cooperation; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Opinion L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61055-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102722070&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Silva, Juan P. AU - Lasso, Ana AU - Lubberding, Henk J. AU - Peña, Miguel R. AU - Gijzen, Hubert J. T1 - Biases in greenhouse gases static chambers measurements in stabilization ponds: Comparison of flux estimation using linear and non-linear models. JO - Atmospheric Environment JF - Atmospheric Environment Y1 - 2015/05/15/ VL - 109 M3 - Article SP - 130 EP - 138 SN - 13522310 AB - The closed static chamber technique is widely used to quantify greenhouse gases (GHG) i.e. CH 4 , CO 2 and N 2 O from aquatic and wastewater treatment systems. However, chamber-measured fluxes over air–water interfaces appear to be subject to considerable uncertainty, depending on the chamber design, lack of air mixing in the chamber, concentration gradient changes during the deployment, and irregular eruptions of gas accumulated in the sediment. In this study, the closed static chamber technique was tested in an anaerobic pond operating under tropical conditions. The closed static chambers were found to be reliable to measure GHG, but an intrinsic limitation of using closed static chambers is that not all the data for gas concentrations measured within a chamber headspace can be used to estimate the flux due to gradient concentration curves with non-plausible and physical explanations. Based on the total data set, the percentage of curves accepted was 93.6, 87.2, and 73% for CH 4 , CO 2 and N 2 O, respectively. The statistical analyses demonstrated that only considering linear regression was inappropriate (i.e. approximately 40% of the data for CH 4 , CO 2 and N 2 O were best fitted to a non-linear regression) for the determination of GHG flux from stabilization ponds by the closed static chamber technique. In this work, it is clear that when R 2 adj-non-lin > R 2 adj-lin , the application of linear regression models is not recommended, as it leads to an underestimation of GHG fluxes by 10–50%. This suggests that adopting only or mostly linear regression models will affect the GHG inventories obtained by using closed static chambers. According to our results, the misuse of the usual R 2 parameter and only the linear regression model to estimate the fluxes will lead to reporting erroneous information on the real contribution of GHG emissions from wastewater. Therefore, the R 2 adj and non-linear regression model analysis should be used to reduce the biases in flux estimation by the inappropriate application of only linear regression models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Greenhouse gas mitigation KW - Sewage lagoons KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Air-water interfaces KW - Mixing KW - Anaerobic ponds KW - Closed static chambers KW - Greenhouse gas emission KW - Stabilization ponds N1 - Accession Number: 102188300; Silva, Juan P. 1; Lasso, Ana 1; Lubberding, Henk J. 2; Email Address: h.lubberding@unesco-ihe.org; Peña, Miguel R. 1; Gijzen, Hubert J. 2,3; Affiliations: 1: Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 100 – 00 Cali, Colombia; 2: UNESCO – IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, Netherlands; 3: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Galuh 2 No 5, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 109, p130; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gas mitigation; Thesaurus Term: Sewage lagoons; Thesaurus Term: Wastewater treatment; Thesaurus Term: Air-water interfaces; Subject Term: Mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anaerobic ponds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Closed static chambers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenhouse gas emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stabilization ponds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.068 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102188300&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - A public health approach to hypertension. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2015/05/09/ VL - 385 IS - 9980 M3 - Letter to the Editor SP - 1833 EP - 1834 SN - 00995355 AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "A Public Health Approach To Global Management of Hypertension," by Sonia Y. Angell, K. M. De Cock, and T. R. Frieden in the February 28, 2015 issue. KW - PUBLIC health KW - HYPERTENSION -- Treatment N1 - Accession Number: 102627466; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 5/9/2015, Vol. 385 Issue 9980, p1833; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: HYPERTENSION -- Treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter to the Editor UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102627466&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107786423 T1 - A public health approach to hypertension...Lancet. 2015 Feb 28;385(9970):825-7 AU - Shelton, James D Y1 - 2015/05/09/ N1 - Accession Number: 107786423. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150612. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Hypertension -- Therapy SP - 1833 EP - 1834 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 385 North American Edition IS - 9980 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. Electronic address: jshelton@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 25987154. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60925-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107786423&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thawer, Narjis G. AU - Ngondi, Jeremiah M. AU - Mugalura, Frances E. AU - Emmanuel, Isaac AU - Mwalimu, Charles D. AU - Morou, Evangelia AU - Vontas, John AU - Protopopoff, Natacha AU - Rowland, Mark AU - Mutagahywa, Joshua AU - Lalji, Shabbir AU - Molteni, Fabrizio AU - Ramsan, Mahdi M. AU - Willilo, Ritha AU - Wright, Alexandra AU - Kafuko, Jessica M. AU - Ndong, Isaiah AU - Reithinger, Richard AU - Magesa, Stephen Masingili T1 - Use of insecticide quantification kits to investigate the quality of spraying and decay rate of bendiocarb on different wall surfaces in Kagera region, Tanzania. JO - Parasites & Vectors JF - Parasites & Vectors Y1 - 2015/05// VL - 8 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 SN - 17563305 AB - Background: Bendiocarb was introduced for the first time for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in Tanzania in 2012 as part of the interim national insecticide resistance management plan. This move followed reports of increasingly alarming levels of pyrethroid resistance across the country. This study used the insecticide quantification kit (IQK) to investigate the intra-operational IRS coverage and quality of spraying, and decay rate of bendiocarb on different wall surfaces in Kagera region. Methods: To assess intra-operational IRS coverage and quality of spraying, 104 houses were randomly selected out of 161,414 sprayed houses. A total of 509 samples (218 in Muleba and 291 in Karagwe) were obtained by scraping the insecticide samples from wall surfaces. To investigate decay rate, 66 houses (36 in Muleba and 30 in Karagwe) were selected and samples were collected monthly for a period of five months. Laboratory testing of insecticide concentration was done using IQKTM [Innovative Vector Control Consortium]. Results: Of the 509 samples, 89.5% met the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended concentration (between 100-400 mg/m2) for IRS target dosage. The proportion of samples meeting WHO standards varied between Karagwe (84.3%) and Muleba (96.3%) (p < 0.001). Assessment of quality of spraying at house level revealed that Muleba (84.8%) had a significantly higher proportion of households that met the expected target dosage (100-400 mg/m2) compared to Karagwe (68.9%) (p < 0.001). The quality of spraying varied across different wall substrates in both districts. Evaluation of bendiocarb decay showed that the proportion of houses with recommended concentration declined from 96.9%, 93.5% and 76.2% at months one, two, and three post IRS, respectively (p-trend = 0.03). The rate of decay increased in the fourth and fifth month post spraying with only 55.9% and 26.3% houses meeting the WHO recommendations, respectively. Conclusion: IQK is an important tool for assessing IRS coverage and quality of spraying. The study found adequate coverage of IRS; however, residual life of bendiocarb was observed to be three months. Results suggest that in order to maintain the recommended concentrations with bendiocarb, a second spray cycle should be carried out after three months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Parasites & Vectors is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BENDIOCARB KW - INSECTICIDE resistance KW - SPRAYING equipment KW - PYRETHROIDS KW - TANZANIA KW - Bendiocarb KW - Indoor residual spraying KW - Insecticide quantification kit KW - IRS coverage KW - Quality of spraying KW - Residual life KW - Tanzania N1 - Accession Number: 103007012; Thawer, Narjis G. 1 Ngondi, Jeremiah M. 1 Mugalura, Frances E. 2 Emmanuel, Isaac 3 Mwalimu, Charles D. 4 Morou, Evangelia 5,6 Vontas, John 7,8 Protopopoff, Natacha 9 Rowland, Mark 9 Mutagahywa, Joshua 1 Lalji, Shabbir 1 Molteni, Fabrizio 10 Ramsan, Mahdi M. 1 Willilo, Ritha 1 Wright, Alexandra 9 Kafuko, Jessica M. 11 Ndong, Isaiah 12 Reithinger, Richard 13 Magesa, Stephen Masingili 1; Email Address: smagesa@rti.org; Affiliation: 1: RTI International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2: Sengerema Health Institute, Sengerema, Tanzania 3: ACDI/VOCA, Morogoro, Tanzania 4: National Malaria Control Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 5: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK 6: Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece 7: Faculty of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece 8: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100 Heraklion, Greece 9: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 10: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 11: United States Agency for International Development, Abuja, Nigeria 12: RTI international, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA 13: RTI international, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BENDIOCARB; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE resistance; Subject Term: SPRAYING equipment; Subject Term: PYRETHROIDS; Subject Term: TANZANIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bendiocarb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indoor residual spraying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insecticide quantification kit; Author-Supplied Keyword: IRS coverage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality of spraying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tanzania; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13071-015-0859-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103007012&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-14278-001 AN - 2015-14278-001 AU - Kaplan, Jonathan E. AU - Hamm, Tiffany E. AU - Forhan, Sara AU - Hassani, Ahmed Saadani AU - Bang, Gail AU - Weyant, Emily AU - Tchuenche, Michel AU - Langley, Carol AU - Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana AU - Bateganya, Moses H. T1 - The impact of HIV care and support interventions on key outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: A literature review—Introduction. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2015/04/15/ VL - 68 IS - Suppl 3 SP - S253 EP - S256 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Kaplan, Jonathan E., Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-04, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, US, 30333 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-14278-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Kaplan, Jonathan E.; Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, US. Release Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Health Care Services; HIV; Intervention. Minor Descriptor: Countries; Lower Income Level; Global Health. Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10). Methodology: Literature Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 4. Issue Publication Date: Apr 15, 2015. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2015. AB - This article presents a literature review of the impact of HIV care and support interventions on key outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. This literature review constitute a unique effort to assess the evidence for impact of President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported interventions on key health outcomes—consistent with the Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) pillars of accountability, transparency, and impact as noted above. The impact pillar broadly aims to demonstrate sustained control of the HIV epidemic and demonstrate lives saved and new infections averted. However, it is the objective of this review and of the participating authors to present information that will be of value not only for PEPFAR in-country US government (USG) teams but also for other bilateral and multilateral donors and host governments in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Furthermore, the authors hope that this information will serve as a resource for discussions on how to prioritize HIV care and support funding to maximize the impact of these interventions on the HIV/AIDS epidemics in these countries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - low & middle income countries KW - supported health interventions KW - governments KW - HIV care KW - 2015 KW - Health Care Services KW - HIV KW - Intervention KW - Countries KW - Lower Income Level KW - Global Health KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), US. Other Details: Through the US Department of State, Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc./US Department of Defense. Grant: Cooperative agreement W81XWH-07-2-0067. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000495 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-14278-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jxk2@cdc.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-14278-004 AN - 2015-14278-004 AU - Bateganya, Moses H. AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Oguntomilade, John AU - Suraratdecha, Chutima T1 - The impact of social services interventions in developing countries: A review of the evidence of impact on clinical outcomes in people living with HIV. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2015/04/15/ VL - 68 IS - Suppl 3 SP - S357 EP - S367 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-14278-004. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Bateganya, Moses H.; Division of Global AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, US. Release Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Developing Countries; HIV; Quality of Life; Social Services; Treatment Outcomes. Minor Descriptor: Economic Development; Intervention; Retention. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291); Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention (3300). Population: Human (10). Methodology: Literature Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 11. Issue Publication Date: Apr 15, 2015. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2015. AB - Background: Social service interventions have been implemented in many countries to help people living with HIV (PLHIV) and household members cope with economic burden as a result of reduced earning or increased spending on health care. However, the evidence for specific interventions—economic strengthening and legal services—on key health outcomes has not been appraised. Methods: We searched electronic databases from January 1995 to May 2014 and reviewed relevant literature from resource-limited settings on the impact of social service interventions on mortality, morbidity, retention in HIV care, quality of life, and ongoing HIV transmission and their cost-effectiveness. Results: Of 1685 citations, 8 articles reported the health impact of economic strengthening interventions among PLHIV in resource-limited settings. None reported on legal services. Six of the 8 studies were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa: 1 reported on all 5 outcomes and 2 reported on 4 and 2 outcomes, respectively. The remaining 5 reported on 1 outcome each. Seven studies reported on quality of life. Although all studies reported some association between economic strengthening interventions and HIV care outcomes, the quality of evidence was rated fair or poor because studies were of low research rigor (observational or qualitative), had small sample size, or had other limitations. The expected impact of economic strengthening interventions was rated as high for quality of life but uncertain for all the other outcomes. Conclusions: Implementation of economic strengthening interventions is expected to have a high impact on the quality of life for PLHIV but uncertain impact on mortality, morbidity, retention in care, and HIV transmission. More rigorous research is needed to explore the impact of more targeted intervention components on health outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - economic strengthening KW - social services KW - mortality KW - morbidity KW - retention KW - quality of life KW - developing countries KW - 2015 KW - Developing Countries KW - HIV KW - Quality of Life KW - Social Services KW - Treatment Outcomes KW - Economic Development KW - Intervention KW - Retention KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), US. Other Details: Through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Health Resources and Services Administration. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000498 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-14278-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-14278-006 AN - 2015-14278-006 AU - Langley, Carol L. AU - Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana AU - Hamm, Tiffany E. AU - Bateganya, Moses H. AU - Firth, Jacqueline AU - Wilson, Melinda AU - Martin, Julia AU - Dierberg, Kerry T1 - Prioritizing HIV care and support interventions—Moving from evidence to policy. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2015/04/15/ VL - 68 IS - Suppl 3 SP - S375 EP - S378 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Langley, Carol L., Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy (S/GAC), US Department of State, SA-22, Room 10300, Washington, DC, US, 20522-2210 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-14278-006. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Langley, Carol L.; Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy, US Department of State, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Health Care Services; HIV; Health Care Policy. Minor Descriptor: Support Groups. Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 4. Issue Publication Date: Apr 15, 2015. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2015. AB - This article focuses on prioritizing HIV care and support interventions. The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Care and Support Framework described in this article provides a systematic approach for PEPFAR supported programs to build on available evidence as well as country contextual considerations to help determine key care and support priorities. The accompanying articles in this supplement provide an assessment of evidence for individual interventions, focusing particularly on their impact on key outcomes. This approach is aligned with PEPFAR’s emphasis on impact, sustainability, and efficiency. However, this approach may also be of value beyond PEPFAR programs, as other countries and donors consider how to prioritize interventions. The authors hope that this framework, and the accompanying articles assessing the evidence for care and support interventions, will provide useful resources to help countries and donors prioritize HIV care and support interventions to maximize impact on the epidemic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV KW - care KW - support KW - policy KW - LMIC KW - 2015 KW - Health Care Services KW - HIV KW - Health Care Policy KW - Support Groups KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), US. Other Details: Through the United States Department of State, Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc./US Department of Defense. Grant: Cooperative agreement W81XWH-07-2-0067. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000545 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-14278-006&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - langleycl@state.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103751463 T1 - Disclosure of HIV serostatus among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. AU - Tam, Melanie AU - Amzel, Anouk AU - Phelps, B. Ryan Y1 - 2015/04// N1 - Accession Number: 103751463. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150203. Revision Date: 20160922. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; systematic review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice; Obstetric Care; Psychiatry/Psychology; Women's Health. NLM UID: 8915313. KW - Truth Disclosure -- Evaluation -- Africa South of the Sahara KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology -- In Pregnancy KW - Human KW - Systematic Review KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Africa South of the Sahara KW - Pregnancy KW - Odds Ratio KW - Relative Risk KW - P-Value KW - Self Report SP - 436 EP - 450 JO - AIDS Care JF - AIDS Care JA - AIDS CARE VL - 27 IS - 4 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge AB - Disclosure of one's HIV status can help to improve uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services; yet, it remains a challenge for many women. This systematic review evaluates disclosure rates among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa, timing of disclosure, and factors affecting decisions to disclose. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and April 2014. Rates of HIV serostatus disclosure to any person ranged from 5.0% to 96.7% (pooled estimate: 67.0%, 95% CI: 55.7%–78.3%). Women who chose to disclose their status did so more often to their partners (pooled estimate: 63.9%; 95% CI: 56.7%–71.1%) than to family members (pooled estimate: 40.1; 95% CI: 26.2%–54.0%), friends (pooled estimate: 6.4%; 95% CI: 3.0%–9.8%), or religious leaders (pooled estimate: 7.1%; 95% CI: 4.3%–9.8%). Most women disclosed prior to delivery. Decisions to disclose were associated with factors related to the woman herself (younger age, first pregnancies, knowing someone with HIV, lower levels of internalized stigma, and lower levels of avoidant coping), the partner (prior history of HIV testing and higher levels of educational attainment), their partnership (no history of domestic violence and financial independence), and the household (higher quality of housing and residing without co-spouses or extended family members). Interventions to encourage and support women in safely disclosing their status are needed. SN - 0954-0121 AD - Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA U2 - PMID: 25636060. DO - 10.1080/09540121.2014.997662 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103751463&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colson, Katherine Ellicott AU - Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura AU - Achoki, Tom AU - Fullman, Nancy AU - Schneider, Matthew AU - Mulenga, Peter AU - Hangoma, Peter AU - Ng, Marie AU - Masiye, Felix AU - Gakidou, Emmanuela T1 - Benchmarking health system performance across districts in Zambia: a systematic analysis of levels and trends in key maternal and child health interventions from 1990 to 2010. JO - BMC Medicine JF - BMC Medicine Y1 - 2015/04// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - BioMed Central SN - 17417015 AB - Background: Achieving universal health coverage and reducing health inequalities are primary goals for an increasing number of health systems worldwide. Timely and accurate measurements of levels and trends in key health indicators at local levels are crucial to assess progress and identify drivers of success and areas that may be lagging behind. Methods: We generated estimates of 17 key maternal and child health indicators for Zambia's 72 districts from 1990 to 2010 using surveys, censuses, and administrative data. We used a three-step statistical model involving spatial-temporal smoothing and Gaussian process regression. We generated estimates at the national level for each indicator by calculating the population-weighted mean of the district values and calculated composite coverage as the average of 10 priority interventions. Results: National estimates masked substantial variation across districts in the levels and trends of all indicators. Overall, composite coverage increased from 46% in 1990 to 73% in 2010, and most of this gain was attributable to the scale-up of malaria control interventions, pentavalent immunization, and exclusive breastfeeding. The scale-up of these interventions was relatively equitable across districts. In contrast, progress in routine services, including polio immunization, antenatal care, and skilled birth attendance, stagnated or declined and exhibited large disparities across districts. The absolute difference in composite coverage between the highest-performing and lowest-performing districts declined from 37 to 26 percentage points between 1990 and 2010, although considerable variation in composite coverage across districts persisted. Conclusions: Zambia has made marked progress in delivering maternal and child health interventions between 1990 and 2010; nevertheless, substantial variations across districts and interventions remained. Subnational benchmarking is important to identify these disparities, allowing policymakers to prioritize areas of greatest need. Analyses such as this one should be conducted regularly and feed directly into policy decisions in order to increase accountability at the local, regional, and national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Medicine is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MATERNAL health services KW - RESEARCH KW - CHILD health services KW - HEALTH status indicators KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - IMMUNIZATION KW - BREASTFEEDING (Humans) KW - Coverage KW - Indicators KW - Inequalities KW - Maternal and child health KW - Subnational benchmarking KW - Zambia N1 - Accession Number: 102597206; Colson, Katherine Ellicott 1 Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura 2 Achoki, Tom 2,3 Fullman, Nancy 2 Schneider, Matthew 4 Mulenga, Peter 5 Hangoma, Peter 6 Ng, Marie 2 Masiye, Felix 2 Gakidou, Emmanuela 2; Email Address: gakidou@uw.edu; Affiliation: 1: University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), Berkeley, CA, USA 2: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 3: Ministry of Health of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. USAID, Washington, DC, USA 4: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Lusaka, Zambia 5: Department of Economics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 6: Department of Economics, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CHILD health services; Subject Term: HEALTH status indicators; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION; Subject Term: BREASTFEEDING (Humans); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coverage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indicators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inequalities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal and child health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subnational benchmarking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zambia; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12916-015-0308-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102597206&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 102597206 T1 - Benchmarking health system performance across districts in Zambia: a systematic analysis of levels and trends in key maternal and child health interventions from 1990 to 2010. AU - Colson, Katherine Ellicott AU - Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura AU - Achoki, Tom AU - Fullman, Nancy AU - Schneider, Matthew AU - Mulenga, Peter AU - Hangoma, Peter AU - Ng, Marie AU - Masiye, Felix AU - Gakidou, Emmanuela Y1 - 2015/04// N1 - Accession Number: 102597206. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160323. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101190723. SP - 1 EP - 14 JO - BMC Medicine JF - BMC Medicine JA - BMC MED VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1741-7015 AD - University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), Berkeley, CA, USA AD - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA AD - Ministry of Health of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. USAID, Washington, DC, USA AD - Clinton Health Access Initiative, Lusaka, Zambia AD - Department of Economics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway AD - Department of Economics, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia DO - 10.1186/s12916-015-0308-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=102597206&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thatte, Nandita AU - Yoonjoung Choi T1 - Does human resource management improve family planning service quality? Analysis from the Kenya Service Provision Assessment 2010. T2 - ¿La administración de recursos humanos mejora la calidad de los servicios de planificación familiar? Análisis de la Evaluación de la Prestación de Servicios en Kenia en 2010. T2 - Une bonne gestion des ressources humaines permet-elle d'améliorer la qualité de service en ce qui concerne la planification familiale? Evaluation des prestations de service au Kenya en 2010. JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning Y1 - 2015/04// VL - 30 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 356 EP - 367 SN - 02681080 AB - Introduction Human resource (HR) management is a priority for health systems strengthening in developing countries, yet few studies have empirically examined associations with service quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between HR management and family planning (FP) service quality. Methods Data came from the 2010 Kenya Service Provision Assessment, a nationally representative health facility assessment. In total, 912 FP consultations from 301 facilities were analysed. Four indices were created to measure quality on reproductive history taking, physical examination, sexually transmitted infections prevention and pill/injectable specific counselling. HR management variables included training in the past year, any and supportive (i.e. with feedback, technical updates and discussion) in-person supervision in the past 6 months and having a written job description. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to estimate coefficients of HR management variables on each of the four quality indices, adjusting for background characteristics of clients, provider and facilities. Results The level of service quality ranged from 16 to 53 out of a maximum score of 100 across the indices. Fifty-two per cent of consultations were done by providers who received supportive in-person supervision in the previous 6 months. In 23% and 38% of consultations, the provider was trained in the past year and had a written job description, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that having a written job description was associated with higher service quality in history taking, physical examination and the pill/injectable specific counselling. Other HR management variables were not significantly associated with service quality. Conclusion Having a written job description was significantly associated with higher service quality and may be a useful tool for strengthening management practices. The details of such job descriptions and the quality of other management indicators should be explored to better understand the relationship between HR management and FP service quality. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Introducción La administración de recursos humanos (RH) es una prioridad para el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud en los países en desarrollo, sin embargo, pocos estudios han examinado empíricamente las asociaciones con la calidad del servicio. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la administración de RH y la calidad del servicio de la planificación familiar (PF). Métodos La información provino de la Evaluación de la Prestación de Servicios en Kenia en 2010, una evaluación representativa a nivel nacional de las instalaciones de salud. En total, se analizaron 912 consultas de PF de 301 instalaciones. Cuatro índices fueron creados para medir la calidad de la toma de la historia reproductiva, el examen físico, la prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el asesoramiento específico sobre píldora/inyectable. Variables de administración de recursos humanos incluyen la formación en el último año, supervisión cualquiera y de apoyo (ie. con comentarios, actualizaciones técnicas y discusión) en persona en los últimos 6 meses, y tener una descripción escrita del trabajo. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal multivariado para estimar los coeficientes de las variables de administración de RH en cada uno de los cuatro índices de calidad, ajustado a los antecedentes de los clientes, proveedores e instalaciones. Resultados El nivel de calidad del servicio varió desde 16 hasta 53 de un puntaje máximo de 100 a través de los índices. Cincuenta y dos por ciento de las consultas fueron realizadas por los proveedores que recibieron la supervisión de apoyo en persona en los 6 meses anteriores. En el 23% y el 38% de las consultas, el proveedor fue entrenado en el año anterior y tenía una descripción escrita del trabajo, respectivamente. Los análisis multivariados indicaron que tener una descripción escrita del trabajo se asoció con una mayor calidad de servicio en la toma de la historia clínica, el examen físico y el asesoramiento específico de píldora/inyectable. Otras variables de administración de RH no se asociaron significativamente con la calidad del servicio. Conclusión Tener una descripción escrita del trabajo se asoció significativamente con una mayor calidad en el servicio y puede ser una herramienta útil para el fortalecimiento de las prácticas de administración. Los detalles de tales descripciones de trabajo y la calidad de otros indicadores de administración se deben explorar para comprender mejor la relación entre la administración de recursos humanos y la calidad de servicios de PF. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Introduction La gestion des ressources humaines (RH) est une priorité dans le renforcement des systèmes de santé les pays en développement, mais peu d'études font état empiriquement du lien avec la qualité de service. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la relation entre la gestion RH et la qualité de service du planning familial (PF). Méthodes Les données datent de 2010 et proviennent de l'évaluation des prestations de service au Kenya, une évaluation au niveau national des centres de santé. Au total, 912 consultations de PF fournies par 301 centres ont été analysées. Quatre indices ont été créés afin de mesurer la qualité des antécédents sexuels des patients, la qualité des examens médicaux, la qualité de la prévention des maladies sexuellement transmissibles et la qualité des conseils prodigués pour les médicaments par voie orale ou par intraveineuse. Les variables de la gestion RH comprennent les formations des années passées, tous soutiens et conseils dans les 6 derniers mois par des personnes physiques (avec des retours, des mises à jour et des discussions) et le fait d'avoir une description écrite des postes. Des analyses par régression linéaire à multi variables ont été menées afin d'estimer les coefficients des variables de gestion RH pour chacun des quatre indices de qualité en les ajustant par rapport aux caractéristiques des clients, des prestataires et des centres de santé. Résultats Le niveau de qualité de service se trouve dans une fourchette de 16 à 53 sur un score maximum de 100 pour chacun des indices. 52% des consultations ont été faites auprès des prestataires ayant rec¸u un accompagnement personnel durant les 6 derniers mois. Dans 23% et 38% des consultations, un prestataire a à la fois été formé au cours de l'année passée et a reçu une description écrite de son poste. Les analyses multi variées montrent que le fait d'avoir une description écrite de son poste est associé à une meilleure qualité de service pour les antécédents médicaux, pour les examens médicaux et pour les conseils prodigués concernant les médicaments par voie orale ou par intraveineuse. Les autres variables de la gestion RH n'ont pas d'impact significatif sur la qualité de service. Conclusion Avoir la description écrite d'un poste est fortement associé avec une meilleure qualité de service et peut être un outil utile pour renforcer les pratiques de gestion. Les détails dans une description de poste et la qualité des autres indicateurs de gestion devraient être approfondis pour mieux comprendre la relation qui existe entre la gestion RH et la qualité des services du PF. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PERSONNEL departments KW - PERSONNEL management KW - RESOURCE allocation KW - FAMILY planning KW - PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS KW - family planning KW - Health systems KW - human resource management KW - quality of care KW - Service Provision Assessment N1 - Accession Number: 102355072; Thatte, Nandita 1; Email Address: nthatte@usaid.gov; Yoonjoung Choi 1; Affiliations: 1: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Room 3.6.146, Washington, DC 20004, USA; Issue Info: Apr2015, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p356; Thesaurus Term: PERSONNEL departments; Thesaurus Term: PERSONNEL management; Thesaurus Term: RESOURCE allocation; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: family planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: human resource management; Author-Supplied Keyword: quality of care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Service Provision Assessment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923130 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541612 Human Resources Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1093/heapol/czu019 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=102355072&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mutagahywa, Joshua AU - Ijumba, Jasper N. AU - Pratap, Harish B. AU - Molteni, Fabrizio AU - Mugarula, Frances E. AU - Magesa, Stephen M. AU - Ramsan, Mahdi M. AU - Kafuko, Jessica M. AU - Nyanza, Elias C. AU - Mwaipape, Osia AU - Rutta, Juma G. AU - Mwalimu, Charles D. AU - Ndong, Isaiah AU - Reithinger, Richard AU - Thawer, Narjis G. AU - Ngondi, Jeremiah M. T1 - The impact of different sprayable surfaces on the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying using a micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin against Anopheles gambiae s.s. JO - Parasites & Vectors JF - Parasites & Vectors Y1 - 2015/04// VL - 8 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 SN - 17563305 AB - Background: The type of sprayable surface impacts on residual efficacy of insecticide used in indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, there is limited data on common types of wall surfaces sprayed in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania where IRS began in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The study investigated residual efficacy of micro-encapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin sprayed on common surfaces of human dwellings and domestic animal shelters in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. Methods: An experimental hut was constructed with different types of materials simulating common sprayable surfaces in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. Surfaces included cement plastered wall, mud-daub, white-wash, wood, palm-thatch, galvanized iron-sheets, burnt-bricks, limestone and oil-paint. The World Health Organization (WHO) procedure for IRS was used to spray lambda-cyhalothrin on surfaces at the dose of 20-25 mg/m2. Residual efficacy of insecticide was monitored through cone bioassay using laboratory-reared mosquitoes; Kisumu strain (R-70) of Anopheles gambiae ss. Cone bioassay was done every fortnight for a period of 152 days. The WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) threshold (80% mortality) was used as cut-off point for acceptable residual efficacy. Results: A total of 5,800 mosquitoes were subjected to contact cone bioassay to test residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. There was a statistically significant variation in residual efficacy between the different types of wall surfaces (r = 0.24; p < 0.001). Residual efficacy decreased with increasing pH of the substrate (r = -0.5; p < 0.001). Based on WHOPES standards, shorter residual efficacy (42-56 days) was found in wall substrates made of cement, limestone, mud-daub, oil paint and white wash. Burnt bricks retained the residual efficacy up to 134 days while galvanized iron sheets, palm thatch and wood retained the recommended residual efficacy beyond 152 days. Conclusion: The study revealed a wide variation in residual efficacy of micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin across the different types of wall surfaces studied. In areas where malaria transmission is bimodal and wall surfaces with short residual efficacy comprise > 20% of sprayable structures, two rounds of IRS using lambda-cyhalothrin should be considered. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of sprayable surfaces on residual efficacy of other insecticides commonly used for IRS in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Parasites & Vectors is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ANOPHELES gambiae KW - ANOPHELES KW - INSECTICIDES KW - INSECTICIDE residues KW - BIOLOGICAL assay KW - ZANZIBAR KW - TANZANIA KW - Anopheles gambiae ss KW - Indoor residual spraying KW - Lambda-cyhalothrin KW - MainlandTanzania KW - Wall surfaces KW - Zanzibar KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 102623758; Mutagahywa, Joshua 1,2; Email Address: mmutagahywa@yahoo.com Ijumba, Jasper N. 3 Pratap, Harish B. 2 Molteni, Fabrizio 4,5 Mugarula, Frances E. 6 Magesa, Stephen M. 1 Ramsan, Mahdi M. 1 Kafuko, Jessica M. 7 Nyanza, Elias C. 8 Mwaipape, Osia 1 Rutta, Juma G. 1 Mwalimu, Charles D. 5 Ndong, Isaiah 9 Reithinger, Richard 10 Thawer, Narjis G. 1 Ngondi, Jeremiah M. 1; Affiliation: 1: RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania 2: Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, Dar es salaam, Tanzania 3: Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania 4: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Dar es salaam, Tanzania 5: National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of health and Social Welfare, Dar es salaam, Tanzania 6: Sengerema Health Institute, Sengerema, Tanzania 7: United States Agency for International Development, Abuja, Nigeria 8: School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania 9: RTI International, North Carolina, USA 10: RTI International, Washington, DC, USA.; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ANOPHELES gambiae; Subject Term: ANOPHELES; Subject Term: INSECTICIDES; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE residues; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL assay; Subject Term: ZANZIBAR; Subject Term: TANZANIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anopheles gambiae ss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indoor residual spraying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Author-Supplied Keyword: MainlandTanzania; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wall surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zanzibar; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418390 Agricultural chemical and other farm supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s13071-015-0795-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102623758&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Summers, Sarah K. AU - Rainey, Rochelle AU - Kaur, Maneet AU - Graham, Jay P. T1 - CO2 and H2O: Understanding Different Stakeholder Perspectives on the Use of Carbon Credits to Finance Household Water Treatment Projects. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/04// VL - 10 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Carbon credits are an increasingly prevalent market-based mechanism used to subsidize household water treatment technologies (HWT). This involves generating credits through the reduction of carbon emissions from boiling water by providing a technology that reduces greenhouse gas emissions linked to climate change. Proponents claim this process delivers health and environmental benefits by providing clean drinking water and reducing greenhouse gases. Selling carbon credits associated with HWT projects requires rigorous monitoring to ensure households are using the HWT and achieving the desired benefits of the device. Critics have suggested that the technologies provide neither the benefits of clean water nor reduced emissions. This study explores the perspectives of carbon credit and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) experts on HWT carbon credit projects. Methods: Thirteen semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants from the WASH and carbon credit development sectors. The interviews explored perceptions of the two groups with respect to the procedures applied in the Gold Standard methodology for trading Voluntary Emission Reduction (VER) credits. Results: Agreement among the WASH and carbon credit experts existed for the concept of suppressed demand and parameters in the baseline water boiling test. Key differences, however, existed. WASH experts’ responses highlighted a focus on objectively verifiable data for monitoring carbon projects while carbon credit experts called for contextualizing observed data with the need for flexibility and balancing financial viability with quality assurance. Conclusions: Carbon credit projects have the potential to become an important financing mechanism for clean energy in low- and middle-income countries. Based on this research we recommend that more effort be placed on building consensus on the underlying assumptions for obtaining carbon credits from HWT projects, as well as the approved methods for monitoring correct and consistent use of the HWT technologies in order to support public health impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CARBON dioxide mitigation KW - WATER KW - CARBON credits KW - WATER purification KW - CLIMATIC changes KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 102401154; Summers, Sarah K. 1 Rainey, Rochelle 2 Kaur, Maneet 3 Graham, Jay P. 1; Email Address: jgraham@gwu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America 2: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington D.C., United States of America 3: Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley, California, United States of America; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide mitigation; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: CARBON credits; Subject Term: WATER purification; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0122894 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102401154&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-04955-005 AN - 2015-04955-005 AU - Tam, Melanie AU - Amzel, Anouk AU - Phelps, B. Ryan T1 - Disclosure of HIV serostatus among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. JF - AIDS Care JO - AIDS Care JA - AIDS Care Y1 - 2015/04// VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 436 EP - 450 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 0954-0121 SN - 1360-0451 AD - Tam, Melanie N1 - Accession Number: 2015-04955-005. PMID: 25636060 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Tam, Melanie; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US. Release Date: 20150302. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: African Cultural Groups; HIV; Pregnancy. Minor Descriptor: AIDS; Human Females; Literature Review; Self-Disclosure. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: South Africa. Methodology: Literature Review; Systematic Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 15. Issue Publication Date: Apr, 2015. Publication History: Accepted Date: Dec 8, 2014; First Submitted Date: Oct 8, 2014. AB - Disclosure of one's HIV status can help to improve uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services; yet, it remains a challenge for many women. This systematic review evaluates disclosure rates among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa, timing of disclosure, and factors affecting decisions to disclose. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and April 2014. Rates of HIV serostatus disclosure to any person ranged from 5.0% to 96.7% (pooled estimate: 67.0%, 95% CI: 55.7%–78.3%). Women who chose to disclose their status did so more often to their partners (pooled estimate: 63.9%; 95% CI: 56.7%–71.1%) than to family members (pooled estimate: 40.1; 95% CI: 26.2%–54.0%), friends (pooled estimate: 6.4%; 95% CI: 3.0%–9.8%), or religious leaders (pooled estimate: 7.1%; 95% CI: 4.3%–9.8%). Most women disclosed prior to delivery. Decisions to disclose were associated with factors related to the woman herself (younger age, first pregnancies, knowing someone with HIV, lower levels of internalized stigma, and lower levels of avoidant coping), the partner (prior history of HIV testing and higher levels of educational attainment), their partnership (no history of domestic violence and financial independence), and the household (higher quality of housing and residing without co-spouses or extended family members). Interventions to encourage and support women in safely disclosing their status are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV/AIDS KW - pregnant women KW - disclosure KW - PMTCT KW - sub-Saharan Africa KW - systematic review KW - 2015 KW - African Cultural Groups KW - HIV KW - Pregnancy KW - AIDS KW - Human Females KW - Literature Review KW - Self-Disclosure KW - 2015 DO - 10.1080/09540121.2014.997662 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-04955-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - met753@mail.harvard.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - NEWS AU - Rosenthal, Joshua P. AU - Borrazzo, John T1 - Saving Lives by Building Bridges Between User Needs and Clean Cooking Technology. JO - Journal of Health Communication JF - Journal of Health Communication Y1 - 2015/03/02/2015 Supplement 1 VL - 20 M3 - Editorial SP - 1 EP - 2 SN - 10810730 AB - The article focuses on the benefits of clean cooking technology for users and for the environment in 2015. Topics include the environmental impact of burning biomass fuels, the development of efficient clean cooking technology, and the global challenge of implementing behavior change in developing countries. KW - PUBLIC health -- International cooperation KW - COOKING KW - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations -- Environmental aspects KW - RENEWABLE energy sources -- Environmental aspects KW - RESEARCH KW - BEHAVIOR modification -- Research KW - BIOMASS burning -- Environmental aspects KW - BIOMASS stoves KW - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects N1 - Accession Number: 101893108; Rosenthal, Joshua P. 1 Borrazzo, John 2; Affiliation: 1: Division of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 2: Maternal and Child Health Division, Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Source Info: 2015 Supplement 1, Vol. 20, p1; Subject Term: PUBLIC health -- International cooperation; Subject Term: COOKING; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: RENEWABLE energy sources -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BEHAVIOR modification -- Research; Subject Term: BIOMASS burning -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: BIOMASS stoves; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1080/10810730.2014.996304 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101893108&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schuttenberg, H. Z. AU - Guth, Heidi K. T1 - Seeking our shared wisdom: a framework for understanding knowledge coproduction and coproductive capacities. JO - Ecology & Society JF - Ecology & Society Y1 - 2015/03// VL - 20 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 226 EP - 236 PB - Resilience Alliance SN - 17083087 AB - The widespread disconnect between scientific projections of climate change and the implementation of responsive management actions has escalated calls for knowledge production processes able to exercise a stronger voice in decision making. Recently, the concept of coproduction has been championed as a potential answer. The term 'knowledge coproduction' is used loosely in the literature to describe an inclusive, iterative approach to creating new information; it is distinguished by its focus on facilitating interactions between stakeholders to develop an integrated or transformational understanding of a sustainability problem. Whether a coproduction process is successful in this integration of science and policy depends on a range of capabilities that should be understood as 'coproductive capacities.' We draw on the literature from sustainability science to propose a conceptual framework that specifies the sequential goals of knowledge coproduction and potential sources of coproductive capacity. We apply this framework to examine our experience facilitating the coproduction of a climate change action plan for Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument and World Heritage Site. This framework offers a structure for systematically investigating the capacities, mechanisms, and dynamics of knowledge coproduction and for guiding the design of coproduction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Ecology & Society is the property of Resilience Alliance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Climatic changes -- Research KW - RESEARCH KW - Climate research KW - Decision making in science KW - Sustainable development KW - Science & state KW - climate change KW - coproduction KW - coral reef management KW - governance KW - traditional ecological knowledge N1 - Accession Number: 102057839; Schuttenberg, H. Z. 1,2; Guth, Heidi K. 3; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), E3 Bureau, Office of Forestry and Biodiversity; 2: School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Sustainable International Development, University of Aberdeen, UK; 3: Kai Ho'oulu LLLC and Polynesian Voyaging Society; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p226; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Research; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Subject Term: Decision making in science; Subject Term: Sustainable development; Subject Term: Science & state; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: coproduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: coral reef management; Author-Supplied Keyword: governance; Author-Supplied Keyword: traditional ecological knowledge; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.5751/ES-07038-200115 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102057839&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vora, Kranti Suresh AU - Koblinsky, Sally A AU - Koblinsky, Marge A T1 - Predictors of maternal health services utilization by poor, rural women: a comparative study in Indian States of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2015/03// VL - 33 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 9 EP - 9 SN - 16060997 AB - Background: India leads all nations in numbers of maternal deaths, with poor, rural women contributing disproportionately to the high maternal mortality ratio. In 2005, India launched the world's largest conditional cash transfer scheme, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), to increase poor women's access to institutional delivery, anticipating that facility-based birthing would decrease deaths. Indian states have taken different approaches to implementing JSY. Tamil Nadu adopted JSY with a reorganization of its public health system, and Gujarat augmented JSY with the state-funded Chiranjeevi Yojana (CY) scheme, contracting with private physicians for delivery services. Given scarce evidence of the outcomes of these approaches, especially in states with more optimal health indicators, this cross-sectional study examined the role of JSY/CY and other healthcare system and social factors in predicting poor, rural women's use of maternal health services in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.Methods: Using the District Level Household Survey (DLHS)-3, the sample included 1584 Gujarati and 601 Tamil rural women in the lowest two wealth quintiles. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined associations between JSY/CY and other salient health system, socio-demographic, and obstetric factors with three outcomes: adequate antenatal care, institutional delivery, and Cesarean-section.Results: Tamil women reported greater use of maternal healthcare services than Gujarati women. JSY/CY participation predicted institutional delivery in Gujarat (AOR = 3.9), but JSY assistance failed to predict institutional delivery in Tamil Nadu, where mothers received some cash for home births under another scheme. JSY/CY assistance failed to predict adequate antenatal care, which was not incentivized. All-weather road access predicted institutional delivery in both Tamil Nadu (AOR = 3.4) and Gujarat (AOR = 1.4). Women's education predicted institutional delivery and Cesarean-section in Tamil Nadu, while husbands' education predicted institutional delivery in Gujarat.Conclusions: Overall, assistance from health financing schemes, good road access to health facilities, and socio-demographic and obstetric factors were associated with differential use of maternity health services by poor, rural women in the two states. Policymakers and practitioners should promote financing schemes to increase access, including consideration of incentives for antenatal care, and address health system and social factors in designing state-level interventions to promote safe motherhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 112624731; Vora, Kranti Suresh 1 Koblinsky, Sally A 2 Koblinsky, Marge A 3; Affiliation: 1: Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Drive-in-Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380054, India 2: University of Maryland, College Park,, Prince George's 3: USAID, Washington D.C, USA; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p9; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s41043-015-0025-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112624731&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ebot, Jane O T1 - "Girl Power!": The Relationship between Women's Autonomy and Children's Immunization Coverage in Ethiopia. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2015/03// VL - 33 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 18 EP - 18 SN - 16060997 AB - Background: Although immunizations are efficient and cost effective methods of reducing child mortality, worldwide, approximately 2 million children die yearly of vaccine-preventable diseases. Researchers and health organizations have detailed information on the positive relationship between women's autonomy and children's health outcomes in developing countries.Methods: This study investigates the links between women's household autonomy and children's immunization status using data from a nationally representative sample of children aged 12-30 months (N = 2941) from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.Results: The results showed that women's socioeconomic status and household autonomy were significantly associated with children's immunization status.Conclusion: Overall, the implications of this study align with those of the Millennium Development Goal #3: improvements in women's household autonomy are linked to more positive child health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AUTONOMY (Psychology) KW - CHILD health services KW - FAMILIES KW - IMMUNIZATION KW - MEDICAL protocols KW - PATIENT compliance KW - SURVEYS KW - WOMEN'S rights KW - SOCIOECONOMIC factors KW - CROSS-sectional method KW - PATIENTS -- Attitudes KW - DEVELOPING countries KW - ETHIOPIA KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 112624736; Ebot, Jane O 1; Affiliation: 1: Service Delivery Improvement Division, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2100 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p18; Subject Term: AUTONOMY (Psychology); Subject Term: CHILD health services; Subject Term: FAMILIES; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION; Subject Term: MEDICAL protocols; Subject Term: PATIENT compliance; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: WOMEN'S rights; Subject Term: SOCIOECONOMIC factors; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: PATIENTS -- Attitudes; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1186/s41043-015-0028-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112624736&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 112624731 T1 - Predictors of maternal health services utilization by poor, rural women: a comparative study in Indian States of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. AU - Vora, Kranti Suresh AU - Koblinsky, Sally A AU - Koblinsky, Marge A Y1 - 2015/03// N1 - Accession Number: 112624731. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150821. Revision Date: 20170104. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Asia; Biomedical; Public Health. Instrumentation: Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ) (Parker and Zahr); Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (Bradley and Caldwell); Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) (Holmes and Rahe). NLM UID: 100959228. KW - Pregnancy Complications -- Therapy KW - Rural Health KW - Labor Complications -- Therapy KW - Poverty Areas KW - Maternal Health Services -- Economics KW - Patient Attitudes -- Ethnology KW - Surveys KW - Home Childbirth KW - Pregnancy KW - Cesarean Section -- Economics KW - Labor Complications -- Economics KW - Motivation KW - Educational Status KW - Adult KW - Pregnancy Complications -- Economics KW - Labor Complications -- Surgery KW - Pregnancy Complications -- Surgery KW - Home Childbirth -- Economics KW - Health and Welfare Planning KW - India KW - Public Assistance KW - Prenatal Care -- Economics KW - Pregnancy Complications -- Ethnology KW - Labor Complications -- Ethnology KW - Human KW - Developing Countries KW - Cross Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Health Services Accessibility -- Economics KW - Validation Studies KW - Comparative Studies KW - Evaluation Research KW - Multicenter Studies KW - Questionnaires KW - Social Readjustment Rating Scale SP - 9 EP - 9 JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JA - J HEALTH POPUL NUTR VL - 33 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: India leads all nations in numbers of maternal deaths, with poor, rural women contributing disproportionately to the high maternal mortality ratio. In 2005, India launched the world's largest conditional cash transfer scheme, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), to increase poor women's access to institutional delivery, anticipating that facility-based birthing would decrease deaths. Indian states have taken different approaches to implementing JSY. Tamil Nadu adopted JSY with a reorganization of its public health system, and Gujarat augmented JSY with the state-funded Chiranjeevi Yojana (CY) scheme, contracting with private physicians for delivery services. Given scarce evidence of the outcomes of these approaches, especially in states with more optimal health indicators, this cross-sectional study examined the role of JSY/CY and other healthcare system and social factors in predicting poor, rural women's use of maternal health services in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.Methods: Using the District Level Household Survey (DLHS)-3, the sample included 1584 Gujarati and 601 Tamil rural women in the lowest two wealth quintiles. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined associations between JSY/CY and other salient health system, socio-demographic, and obstetric factors with three outcomes: adequate antenatal care, institutional delivery, and Cesarean-section.Results: Tamil women reported greater use of maternal healthcare services than Gujarati women. JSY/CY participation predicted institutional delivery in Gujarat (AOR = 3.9), but JSY assistance failed to predict institutional delivery in Tamil Nadu, where mothers received some cash for home births under another scheme. JSY/CY assistance failed to predict adequate antenatal care, which was not incentivized. All-weather road access predicted institutional delivery in both Tamil Nadu (AOR = 3.4) and Gujarat (AOR = 1.4). Women's education predicted institutional delivery and Cesarean-section in Tamil Nadu, while husbands' education predicted institutional delivery in Gujarat.Conclusions: Overall, assistance from health financing schemes, good road access to health facilities, and socio-demographic and obstetric factors were associated with differential use of maternity health services by poor, rural women in the two states. Policymakers and practitioners should promote financing schemes to increase access, including consideration of incentives for antenatal care, and address health system and social factors in designing state-level interventions to promote safe motherhood. SN - 1606-0997 AD - Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Drive-in-Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380054, India AD - University of Maryland, College Park,, Prince George's AD - USAID, Washington D.C, USA U2 - PMID: 26825416. DO - 10.1186/s41043-015-0025-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112624731&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 112624736 T1 - "Girl Power!": The Relationship between Women's Autonomy and Children's Immunization Coverage in Ethiopia. AU - Ebot, Jane O Y1 - 2015/03// N1 - Accession Number: 112624736. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150821. Revision Date: 20170104. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Asia; Biomedical; Public Health. Grant Information: R24 HD042849/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 100959228. KW - Women's Rights KW - Autonomy KW - Immunization KW - Patient Attitudes -- Ethnology KW - Child Health Services KW - Male KW - World Health Organization KW - Family Characteristics -- Ethnology KW - Immunization Schedule KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Female KW - Ethiopia KW - Infant KW - Surveys KW - Patient Compliance -- Ethnology KW - Cross Sectional Studies KW - Child, Preschool KW - Developing Countries SP - 18 EP - 18 JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JA - J HEALTH POPUL NUTR VL - 33 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central AB - Background: Although immunizations are efficient and cost effective methods of reducing child mortality, worldwide, approximately 2 million children die yearly of vaccine-preventable diseases. Researchers and health organizations have detailed information on the positive relationship between women's autonomy and children's health outcomes in developing countries.Methods: This study investigates the links between women's household autonomy and children's immunization status using data from a nationally representative sample of children aged 12-30 months (N = 2941) from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.Results: The results showed that women's socioeconomic status and household autonomy were significantly associated with children's immunization status.Conclusion: Overall, the implications of this study align with those of the Millennium Development Goal #3: improvements in women's household autonomy are linked to more positive child health outcomes. SN - 1606-0997 AD - Service Delivery Improvement Division, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2100 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA U2 - PMID: 26825796. DO - 10.1186/s41043-015-0028-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=112624736&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kilian, Albert AU - Koenker, Hannah AU - Obi, Emmanuel AU - Selby, Richmond A. AU - Fotheringham, Megan AU - Lynch, Matthew T1 - Field durability of the same type of long-lasting insecticidal net varies between regions in Nigeria due to differences in household behaviour and living conditions. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2015/03// VL - 14 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: With the recent publication of WHO-recommended methods to estimate net survival, comparative analyses from different areas have now become possible. With this in mind, a study was undertaken in Nigeria to compare the performance of a specific long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) product in three socio-ecologically different areas. In addition, the objective was to assess the feasibility of a retrospective study design for durability. Methods: In three states, Zamfara in the north, Nasarawa in the centre and Cross River in the south, four local government areas were selected one year after mass distribution of 100-denier polyester LLINs. From a representative sample of 300 households per site that had received campaign nets, an assessment of net survival was made based on rate of loss of nets and the physical condition of surviving nets measured by the proportionate hole index (pHI). Surveys were repeated after two and three years. Results: Over the three-year period 98% of the targeted sample size of 3,720 households was obtained and 94% of the 5,669 campaign nets found were assessed for damage. With increasing time since distribution, recall of having received campaign nets dropped by 11-22% and only 31-87% of nets actually lost were reported. Using a recall bias adjustment, attrition rates were fairly similar in all three sites. The proportion of surviving nets in serviceable condition differed dramatically, however, resulting in an estimated median net survival of 3.0 years in Nasarawa, 4.5 years in Cross River and 4.7 years in Zamfara. Although repairs on damaged nets increased from around 10% at baseline to 21-38% after three years, the average pHI value for each of the four hole size categories did not differ between repaired and unrepaired nets. Conclusions: First, the differences observed in net survival are driven by living conditions and household behaviours and not the LLIN material. Second, recall bias in a retrospective durability study can be significant and while adjustments can be made, enough uncertainty remains that prospective studies on durability are preferable wherever possible. Third, repair does not seem to measurably improve net condition and focus should, therefore, be on improving preventive behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMPARATIVE studies KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - PROTOZOAN diseases KW - INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets KW - NIGERIA KW - ITN KW - Malaria prevention KW - Net durability KW - Nigeria KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 101980095; Kilian, Albert 1,2; Email Address: albert@trophealth.com Koenker, Hannah 3 Obi, Emmanuel 4 Selby, Richmond A. 5 Fotheringham, Megan 6 Lynch, Matthew 3; Affiliation: 1: Tropical Health LLP, Montagut, Spain 2: Malaria Consortium, London, UK 3: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA 4: Malaria Consortium Nigeria Office, Abuja, Nigeria 5: Malaria Consortium Africa Office, Kampala, Uganda 6: United States Agency for International Development, President's Malaria Initiative, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: PROTOZOAN diseases; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets; Subject Term: NIGERIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: ITN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net durability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nigeria; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12936-015-0640-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101980095&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-15363-005 AN - 2015-15363-005 AU - Rosenbaum, Julia AU - Derby, Elisa AU - Dutta, Karabi T1 - Understanding consumer preference and willingness to pay for improved cookstoves in Bangladesh. JF - Journal of Health Communication JO - Journal of Health Communication JA - J Health Commun Y1 - 2015/03// VL - 20 IS - Suppl 1 SP - 20 EP - 27 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1081-0730 SN - 1087-0415 AD - Rosenbaum, Julia, FHI360, USAID, 1825 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC, US, 20009 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-15363-005. PMID: 25839200 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Rosenbaum, Julia; FHI360, USAID, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20150511. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Costs and Cost Analysis; Developing Countries; Food; Health Promotion; Household Management. Minor Descriptor: Consumer Behavior; Consumer Education. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). Location: Bangladesh. Tests & Measures: Kitchen Performance Tests. Methodology: Empirical Study; Field Study; Interview; Qualitative Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Mar, 2015. Copyright Statement: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC AB - The USAID/WASHplus project conducted a comprehensive assessment to understand consumer needs and preferences as they relate to increasing the uptake and consistent, exclusive, and correct use of improved cookstoves (ICSs) in Bangladesh. The assessment included household ICS trials, fuel and stove use monitoring, and consumers’ perceived value of and willingness to pay for ICSs. Results showed that cooks appreciated and liked the ICS, but that no models met consumer needs sufficiently to replace traditional stoves. Initially, many preferred ICSs over traditional stoves, but this preference decreased over the 3-week trial period. Complaints and suggestions for improvement fell into two general categories: those that can be addressed through fairly simple modifications to the stove design, and those more appropriately addressed through point‐of‐purchase consumer education and follow-up from service agents or health outreach workers. Most households using the ICS realized fuel use reductions, although these were lower than expected, partly because of continued parallel traditional stove use. When given the option to purchase the stoves at market value, only one of 105 households did so; however, a separate assessment showed that 80% of participants (12 of 15 households) preferred to keep the stove rather than receive a cash buyout at market value. This indicates that users value the ICS when acquisition barriers are removed and highlights the need for better financing options. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - consumer preferences KW - consumer willingness to pay KW - improved cookstoves KW - consumer education KW - financing options KW - Bangladesh KW - 2015 KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Developing Countries KW - Food KW - Health Promotion KW - Household Management KW - Consumer Behavior KW - Consumer Education KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, Bangladesh. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, Asia Regional Bureau/Washington, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: U.S. State Department’s Office of the Secretary of State, Global Partnership Initiative, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1080/10810730.2014.989345 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-15363-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jrosenbaum@fhi360.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-15268-001 AN - 2015-15268-001 AU - Wheeler, Tisha AU - Wolf, R. Cameron AU - Kapesa, Laurent AU - Surdo, Alison Cheng AU - Dallabetta, Gina T1 - Scaling-up HIV responses with key populations in West Africa. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2015/03/01/ VL - 68 IS - Sup2 SP - S69 EP - S73 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Wheeler, Tisha, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, North West, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-15268-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Wheeler, Tisha; Office of HIV/AIDS/Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20150511. Correction Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; At Risk Populations. Minor Descriptor: Intervention; Prostitution; Same Sex Intercourse. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10). Location: Africa. References Available: Y. Page Count: 5. Issue Publication Date: Mar 1, 2015. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2015. AB - Background: Despite decades of HIV responses in pockets of West and Central Africa (WCA), the HIV response with key populations remains an understudied area. Recently, there has been a proliferation of studies highlighting epidemiologic and behavioral data that challenge attitudes of complacency among donors and country governments uncomfortable in addressing key populations. Methods: The articles in this series highlight new studies that provide a better understanding of the epidemiologic and structural burden facing key populations in the WCA region and how to improve responses through more effective targeting. Results: Key populations face pervasive structural barriers including institutional and sexual violence and an intersection of stigma, criminalization, and marginalization as sexual minorities. Despite decades of smaller interventions that have shown the importance of integrated services for key populations, there remains incongruent provision of outreach or testing or family planning pointing to sustained risk. There remains an incongruent resource provision for key populations where they shoulder the burden of HIV and their access to services alone could turn around HIV epidemics within the region. Conclusions: These proximal and distal determinants must be addressed in regional efforts, led by the community, and resourced for scale, targeting those most at risk for the acquisition and transmission of HIV. This special issue builds the knowledge base for the region focusing on interventions that remove barriers to service access including treatment uptake for those living with HIV. Better analysis and use of data for strategic planning are shown to lead to more effective targeting of prevention, care, and HIV treatment programs with key populations. These articles further demonstrate the immediate need for comprehensive action to address HIV among key populations throughout the WCA region. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV KW - sex work KW - MSM KW - West and Central Africa KW - key populations KW - 2015 KW - AIDS KW - At Risk Populations KW - Intervention KW - Prostitution KW - Same Sex Intercourse KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, West Africa Regional Office, US. Other Details: United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000534 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-15268-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - twheeler@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-15268-009 AN - 2015-15268-009 AU - Onyango, Monica Adhiambo AU - Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw AU - Agyarko-Poku, Thomas AU - Asafo, Mabel Kissiwah AU - Sylvester, Joy AU - Wondergem, Peter AU - Green, Kimberly AU - Wambugu, Samuel AU - Brennan, Alana T. AU - Beard, Jennifer T1 - 'It’s all about making a life': Poverty, HIV, violence, and other vulnerabilities faced by young female sex workers in Kumasi, Ghana. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2015/03/01/ VL - 68 IS - Sup2 SP - S131 EP - S137 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Beard, Jennifer, Department of Global Health, Boston University, Crosstown Center, 3rd Floor, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA, US, 02118 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-15268-009. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Onyango, Monica Adhiambo; Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US. Release Date: 20150511. Correction Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: HIV; Human Females; Prostitution; Susceptibility (Disorders); Violence. Minor Descriptor: Harm Reduction; Poverty. Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Ghana. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Focus Group; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 7. Issue Publication Date: Mar 1, 2015. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2015. AB - Objectives: This study aimed to identify social, economic, structural, and individual-level vulnerabilities of female adolescents who sell sex in Kumasi, Ghana. Methods: Twenty-four in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions were conducted with female sex workers of age 18–20 years who had been involved in sex work for at least 2 years. Total sample size was 48. Findings: One-third of participants started sex work before age 15. Knowledge of HIV was accurate and most reported having intentions to use condoms consistently with clients; however, factors such as higher payments, drug and/or alcohol use, fear of violence, and police harassment affected condom use. They perceived violence and rape at the hands of clients as their greatest risk. They also reported abuse and exploitation by police. Respondents voiced strong concerns that girls and teens involved in sex work are at higher risk of unsafe sex, exploitation, and abuse than their older and more experienced counterparts. Unprotected sex with boyfriends was also common. Discussion: The pathway to sex work followed a similar pattern for many study participants who left their rural homes for Kumasi in search of economic opportunity. While adolescents who sell sex appear to be abundant in Kumasi, they have been missed by HIV prevention and harm reduction programming. The findings from this study informed the design and implementation of a young female sex worker peer educator pilot program. Key elements of that program are presented, and recommendations for future program evaluation are made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - young female sex workers KW - key populations KW - HIV KW - adolescents KW - harm reduction KW - qualitative methods KW - 2015 KW - HIV KW - Human Females KW - Prostitution KW - Susceptibility (Disorders) KW - Violence KW - Harm Reduction KW - Poverty KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Grant: GHH-I-00-07-00023-00. Date: from Aug 27, 2010. Other Details: President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR),Project SEARCH. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000455 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-15268-009&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jenbeard@bu.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-15268-010 AN - 2015-15268-010 AU - Wondergem, Peter AU - Green, Kimberly AU - Wambugu, Samuel AU - Asamoah-Adu, Comfort AU - Clement, Nana Fosua AU - Amenyah, Richard AU - Atuahene, Kyeremeh AU - Szpir, Michael T1 - A short history of HIV prevention programs for female sex workers in Ghana: Lessons learned over 3 decades. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2015/03/01/ VL - 68 IS - Sup2 SP - S138 EP - S145 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Wondergem, Peter, United States Agency for International Development, US Embassy, Rosa Parks Avenue, P.O. Box 817, Yaounde, Cameroon N1 - Accession Number: 2015-15268-010. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Wondergem, Peter; United States Agency for International Development, Yaounde, Cameroon. Release Date: 20150511. Correction Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; History; Human Females; Prostitution. Minor Descriptor: Intervention. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Ghana. Methodology: Literature Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Mar 1, 2015. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2015. AB - Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) in Ghana have a 10-fold greater risk for acquiring HIV than the general adult population, and they contribute a substantial proportion of the new HIV infections in the country. Although researchers have conducted behavioral and biological surveys, there has been no review of the contextual, programmatic, and epidemiological changes over time. Methods: The authors conducted a historical review of HIV prevention programs in Ghana. We reviewed the use of different interventions for HIV prevention among FSWs and data from program monitoring and Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Surveys. In particular, we looked at changes in service access and coverage, the use of HIV testing and counseling services, and the changing prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Results: HIV prevention interventions among FSWs increased greatly between 1987 and 2013. Only 72 FSWs were reached in a pilot program in 1987, whereas 40,508 FSWs were reached during a national program in 2013. Annual condom sales and the proportion of FSWs who used HIV testing and counseling services increased significantly, whereas the prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia decreased. The representation of FSWs in national HIV strategic plans and guidelines also improved. Conclusions: Ghana offers an important historical example of an evolving HIV prevention program that—despite periods of inactivity—grew in breadth and coverage over time. The prevention of HIV infections among sex workers has gained momentum in recent years through the efforts of the national government and its partners—a trend that is critically important to Ghana’s future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - female sex workers KW - HIV prevention programs KW - Ghana KW - history KW - 2015 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - History KW - Human Females KW - Prostitution KW - Intervention KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: FHI 360. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000446 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-15268-010&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - pwondergem@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-15268-021 AN - 2015-15268-021 AU - Trout, Clinton H. AU - Dembélé, Ouman AU - Diakité, Daouda AU - Bougoudogo, Flabou AU - Doumbia, Bakary AU - Mathieu, Jacques AU - Haidara, Amadou AU - Sangaré, Adama AU - Traoré, Sékou AU - Burtner, Joanna AU - Cabral, Howard AU - Messersmith, Lisa J. T1 - West African female sex workers in Mali: Reduction in HIV prevalence and differences in risk profiles of sex workers of differing nationalities of origin. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2015/03/01/ VL - 68 IS - Sup2 SP - S221 EP - S231 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Trout, Clinton H., United States Agency for International Development, ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte, Bamako, Mali, 297 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-15268-021. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Trout, Clinton H.; Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US. Release Date: 20150511. Correction Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; Epidemiology; Human Females; Prostitution. Minor Descriptor: At Risk Populations; Condoms; Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Mali; Nigeria. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Mathematical Model; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 11. Issue Publication Date: Mar 1, 2015. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2015. AB - Background: Female sex workers (FSW) in Mali are highly vulnerable to HIV. Their prevalence in 2009 was 9 times higher (24.2%) than that among pregnant women (2.7%). Methods: Four Integrated HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) Surveillance and Behavioral Surveys among FSW in Mali (2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009) tracked demographic characteristics, behavior, and HIV and STI prevalence. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations to control for the cluster effect identified factors associated with HIV-positive serostatus adjusting for potential confounding. Results: Of 2430 FSW, 40.8% were Nigerian, 36.8% were Malian, and 22.4% were from other neighboring countries. Between 2003 and 2009, HIV prevalence dropped from 44.14% to 28.49% (P < 0.0001) among Malians, from 21.33% to 12.71% (P = 0.0082) among Nigerians, and from 43.42% to 33.67% (P = 0.0442) among 'others.' Between 2000 and 2009, condom availability increased (89.18%–99.3%; P < 0.0001) as did HIV testing (40%–75%; P < 0.0001). Consistent condom use with clients improved for Malians (72.3%–81.5%; P = 0.0092), but not among Nigerians (92.7%– 90.94%; P = 0.8240) and 'others' (88.9%–88.48%; P = 0.8452). Consistent condom use with boyfriends was low and improved only for Nigerians (9.8%–28.4%; P = 0.0003). Factors associated with HIV prevalence in the multivariate model were older age, study year (2003 and 2006), nationality, lack of education, mobility, STI symptoms, gonorrhea prevalence, and younger age at first sex. Conclusions: This study documents progress in the fight against HIV among FSW in Mali. The different vulnerabilities to HIV found for different nationality FSW should be considered in programming and future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV/AIDS KW - female sex workers KW - Mali KW - sexually transmitted infections KW - condom use KW - ISBS KW - 2015 KW - AIDS KW - Epidemiology KW - Human Females KW - Prostitution KW - At Risk Populations KW - Condoms KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Grant: 688-P-95-00059. Other Details: PASA to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Grant: OAA-A-11-00025. Other Details: Global Health Fellows Program. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000444 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-15268-021&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ctrout@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107777284 T1 - Putting health first in universal health coverage...Lancet. 2014 Dec 13;384(9960):2083 AU - Shelton, James D Y1 - 2015/02/28/ N1 - Accession Number: 107777284. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150410. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Insurance, Health SP - 769 EP - 770 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 385 North American Edition IS - 9970 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. Electronic address: jshelton@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 25752168. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60429-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107777284&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oxlade, Olivia AU - Piatek, Amy AU - Vincent, Cheri AU - Menzies, Dick T1 - Modeling the impact of tuberculosis interventions on epidemiologic outcomes and health system costs. JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health Y1 - 2015/02// VL - 15 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712458 AB - Background: Tuberculosis (TB) programs must invest in a variety of TB specific activities in order to reach ambitious global targets. Uncertainty exists surrounding the potential impact of each of these activities. The objective of our study was to model different interventions and quantify their impact on epidemiologic outcomes and costs from the health system perspective. Methods: Decision analysis was used to define the TB patient trajectory within the health system of three different countries. We considered up to seven different interventions that could affect either the natural history of TB, or patient trajectories within the health system. The expected impact of interventions were derived from published studies where possible. Epidemiologic outcomes and associated health system costs were projected for each scenario. Results: With no specific intervention, TB related death rates are high and less than 10% of the population starts on correct treatment. Interventions that either prevent cases or affect all patients with TB disease early in their trajectory are expected to have the biggest impact, regardless of underlying epidemiologic characteristics of the setting. In settings with a private sector, improving diagnosis and appropriate treatment across all sectors is expected to have a major impact on outcomes. Conclusion: In all settings, the greatest benefit will come from early diagnosis of all forms of TB. Once this has been achieved more specific interventions, such as those targeting HIV, drug resistance or the private sector can be integrated to increase impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Public Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - HEALTH programs KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - NATURAL history KW - OUTCOME assessment (Medical care) KW - MEDICAL decision making KW - Decision analysis KW - Infectious disease modelling KW - Public health interventions KW - Tuberculosis, Epidemiology N1 - Accession Number: 101992793; Oxlade, Olivia 1 Piatek, Amy 2 Vincent, Cheri 2 Menzies, Dick 1,3; Email Address: dick.menzies@mcgill.ca; Affiliation: 1: McGill University and the McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Canada 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 3: Montreal Chest Institute, 3650 St. Urbain St, Montréal H2X 2P4, PQ, Canada; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: NATURAL history; Subject Term: OUTCOME assessment (Medical care); Subject Term: MEDICAL decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious disease modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public health interventions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis, Epidemiology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/s12889-015-1480-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101992793&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cain, Kevin P. AU - Marano, Nina AU - Kamene, Maureen AU - Sitienei, Joseph AU - Mukherjee, Subroto AU - Galev, Aleksandar AU - Burton, John AU - Nasibov, Orkhan AU - Kioko, Jackson AU - De Cock, Kevin M. T1 - The Movement of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis across Borders in East Africa Needs a Regional and Global Solution. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2015/02// VL - 12 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Kevin Cain and colleagues reflect on the cross border movement of people from Somalia with MDR-TB and the implications for MDR-TB programs in East Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MULTIDRUG-resistant tuberculosis KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - MULTIDRUG resistance KW - TUBERCULOSIS patients KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission KW - Policy Forum N1 - Accession Number: 101319964; Cain, Kevin P. 1; Email Address: kcain@cdc.gov Marano, Nina 1 Kamene, Maureen 2 Sitienei, Joseph 2 Mukherjee, Subroto 3 Galev, Aleksandar 4 Burton, John 5 Nasibov, Orkhan 5 Kioko, Jackson 2 De Cock, Kevin M. 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu and Nairobi, Kenya 2: Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya 3: United States Agency for International Development, East Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya 4: International Organization for Migration, Dadaab and Nairobi, Kenya 5: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MULTIDRUG-resistant tuberculosis; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: MULTIDRUG resistance; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS patients; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policy Forum; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001791 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101319964&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 109774480 T1 - Fortification and health: challenges and opportunities. AU - Dwyer, Johanna T AU - Wiemer, Kathryn L AU - Dary, Omar AU - Keen, Carl L AU - King, Janet C AU - Miller, Kevin B AU - Philbert, Martin A AU - Tarasuk, Valerie AU - Taylor, Christine L AU - Gaine, P Courtney AU - Jarvis, Ashley B AU - Bailey, Regan L Y1 - 2015/01// N1 - Accession Number: 109774480. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150923. Revision Date: 20160104. Publication Type: journal article; review. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. Special Interest: Nutrition. NLM UID: 101540874. KW - Deficiency Diseases -- Prevention and Control KW - Diet KW - Food, Fortified KW - Health KW - Micronutrients -- Therapeutic Use KW - Canada KW - Micronutrients KW - United States SP - 124 EP - 131 JO - Advances in Nutrition JF - Advances in Nutrition JA - ADV NUTR VL - 6 IS - 1 CY - Bethesda, Maryland PB - American Society for Nutrition AB - Fortification is the process of adding nutrients or non-nutrient bioactive components to edible products (e.g., food, food constituents, or supplements). Fortification can be used to correct or prevent widespread nutrient intake shortfalls and associated deficiencies, to balance the total nutrient profile of a diet, to restore nutrients lost in processing, or to appeal to consumers looking to supplement their diet. Food fortification could be considered as a public health strategy to enhance nutrient intakes of a population. Over the past century, fortification has been effective at reducing the risk of nutrient deficiency diseases such as beriberi, goiter, pellagra, and rickets. However, the world today is very different from when fortification emerged in the 1920s. Although early fortification programs were designed to eliminate deficiency diseases, current fortification programs are based on low dietary intakes rather than a diagnosable condition. Moving forward, we must be diligent in our approach to achieving effective and responsible fortification practices and policies, including responsible marketing of fortified products. Fortification must be applied prudently, its effects monitored diligently, and the public informed effectively about its benefits through consumer education efforts. Clear lines of authority for establishing fortification guidelines should be developed and should take into account changing population demographics, changes in the food supply, and advances in technology. This article is a summary of a symposium presented at the ASN Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology 2014 on current issues involving fortification focusing primarily on the United States and Canada and recommendations for the development of responsible fortification practices to ensure their safety and effectiveness. SN - 2161-8313 AD - Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; jdwyer1@tuftsmedicalcenter.org. AD - General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, MN; AD - Bureau for Global Health, Infectious Diseases, Washington, DC; AD - University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; AD - Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; AD - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; AD - University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; AD - Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and. AD - formerly of ILSI North America, Washington, DC. U2 - PMID: 25593151. DO - 10.3945/an.114.007443 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109774480&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103877409 T1 - Evidence of the Negative Effect of Sexual Minority Stigma on HIV Testing Among MSM and Transgender Women in San Salvador, El Salvador. AU - Andrinopoulos, Katherine AU - Hembling, John AU - Guardado, Maria AU - Maria Hernández, Flor AU - Nieto, Ana AU - Melendez, Giovanni Y1 - 2015/01// N1 - Accession Number: 103877409. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150126. Revision Date: 20160101. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Instrumentation: Attitudes about HIV-1 Antibody Testing Scale (AHATS) (Boshemer). Grant Information: This study was funded by the United States AIDS Behav (2015) 19:60–71 69 123 Agency for International Development (USAID) through a cooperative agreement (GHA-A-00-08-00003-00) with the MEASURE Evaluation Project.. NLM UID: 9712133. KW - Stigma -- El Salvador KW - Transgender Persons KW - Gay Men KW - HIV Infections -- Diagnosis KW - Minority Groups -- Psychosocial Factors KW - Cross Sectional Studies KW - El Salvador KW - Discrimination KW - Sexuality KW - Questionnaires KW - Summated Rating Scaling KW - Social Attitudes KW - Coefficient Alpha KW - Bivariate Statistics KW - Multivariate Statistics KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Univariate Statistics KW - Human KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Aged KW - Funding Source KW - Scales SP - 60 EP - 71 JO - AIDS & Behavior JF - AIDS & Behavior JA - AIDS BEHAV VL - 19 IS - 1 CY - , PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1090-7165 AD - Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200 New Orleans 70112 USA AD - Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network (TEPHINET) Inc., San Salvador El Salvador AD - National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, San Salvador El Salvador AD - United States Agency for International Development, Guatemala City Guatemala U2 - PMID: 24907779. DO - 10.1007/s10461-014-0813-0 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103877409&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martorell, Reynaldo AU - Ascencio, Melany AU - Tacsan, Luis AU - Alfaro, Thelma AU - Young, Melissa F. AU - Addo, O. Yaw AU - Dary, Omar AU - Flnres-Avala, Rafael T1 - Effectiveness evaluation of the food fortification program of Costa Rica: impact on anemia prevalence and hemoglobin concentrations in women and children. JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Y1 - 2015/01// VL - 101 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 210 EP - 217 PB - American Society for Nutrition SN - 00029165 AB - Background: Food fortification is one approach for addressing anemia, but information on program effectiveness is limited. Objective: We evaluated the impact of Costa Rica's fortification program on anemia in women aged 15-45 y and children aged 1-7 y. Design: Reduced iron, an ineffective fortificant, was replaced by ferrous fumarate in wheat flour in 2002, and ferrous bisglycinate was added to maize flour in 1999 and to liquid and powdered milk in 2001. We used a one-group pretest-posttest design and national survey data from 1996 (baseline; 910 women, 965 children) and 2008-2009 (endline; 863 women, 403 children) to assess changes in iron deficiency (children only) and anemia. Data were also available for sentinel sites (1 urban, 1 rural) for 1999-2000 (405 women, 404 children) and 2008-2009 (474 women, 195 children), including 24-h recall data in children. Monitoring of fortification levels was routine. Results: Foods were fortified as mandated. Fortification provided about one-half the estimated average requirement for iron in children, mostly and equally through wheat flour and milk. Anemia was reduced in children and women in national and sentinel site comparisons. At the national level, anemia declined in children from 19.3% (95% CI: 16.8%, 21.8%) to 4.0% (95% CI: 2.1%, 5.9%) and in women from 18.4% (95% CI: 15.8%, 20.9%) to 10.2% (95% CI: 8.2%, 12.2%). In children, iron deficiency declined from 26.9% (95% CI: 21.1%, 32.7%) to 6.8% (95% CI: 4.2%, 9.3%), and iron deficiency anemia, which was 6.2% (95% CI: 3.0%, 9.3%) at baseline, could no longer be detected at the endline. Conclusions: A plausible impact pathway suggests that fortification improved iron status and reduced anemia. Although unlikely in the Costa Rican context, other explanations cannot be excluded in a pre/post comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH KW - Comparative studies KW - Iron KW - Nutrition KW - Public health KW - Enriched foods -- Law & legislation KW - Anemia KW - Chi-squared test KW - Children KW - Child nutrition KW - Confidence intervals KW - Deficiency diseases KW - Ferritin KW - Hemoglobin KW - Infant nutrition KW - Iron compounds KW - Iron deficiency anemia KW - Nutrition -- Evaluation KW - Nutrition -- Government policy KW - Nutrition -- Requirements KW - Nutrition policy KW - Probability theory KW - Research -- Finance KW - Sampling (Statistics) KW - Surveys KW - T-test (Statistics) KW - Teenagers KW - Women KW - Youth -- Nutrition KW - Pre-tests & post-tests KW - Data analysis -- Software KW - Descriptive statistics KW - Costa Rica KW - anemia KW - food fortification KW - hemoglobin KW - women and children N1 - Accession Number: 100094740; Martorell, Reynaldo 1; Email Address: rmart77@emory.edu; Ascencio, Melany 2; Tacsan, Luis 2; Alfaro, Thelma 3; Young, Melissa F. 1; Addo, O. Yaw 1; Dary, Omar 4; Flnres-Avala, Rafael 1,5; Affiliations: 1: Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; 2: Dirección de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico en Salud, Ministerio de Salud, San José, Costa Rica; 3: Centro Nacional de Referencia de Bromatología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigatión y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica; 4: Nutrition Division, Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC; 5: International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control (IMMPaCt) Program, Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, U.S. CDC, Atlanta, GA; Issue Info: Jan2015, Vol. 101 Issue 1, p210; Thesaurus Term: HEALTH; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Iron; Thesaurus Term: Nutrition; Thesaurus Term: Public health; Subject Term: Enriched foods -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: Anemia; Subject Term: Chi-squared test; Subject Term: Children; Subject Term: Child nutrition; Subject Term: Confidence intervals; Subject Term: Deficiency diseases; Subject Term: Ferritin; Subject Term: Hemoglobin; Subject Term: Infant nutrition; Subject Term: Iron compounds; Subject Term: Iron deficiency anemia; Subject Term: Nutrition -- Evaluation; Subject Term: Nutrition -- Government policy; Subject Term: Nutrition -- Requirements; Subject Term: Nutrition policy; Subject Term: Probability theory; Subject Term: Research -- Finance; Subject Term: Sampling (Statistics); Subject Term: Surveys; Subject Term: T-test (Statistics); Subject Term: Teenagers; Subject Term: Women; Subject Term: Youth -- Nutrition; Subject Term: Pre-tests & post-tests; Subject Term: Data analysis -- Software; Subject Term: Descriptive statistics; Subject: Costa Rica; Author-Supplied Keyword: anemia; Author-Supplied Keyword: food fortification; Author-Supplied Keyword: hemoglobin; Author-Supplied Keyword: women and children; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.3945/ajcn.114.097709 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100094740&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103863265 T1 - Effectiveness evaluation of the food fortification program of Costa Rica: impact on anemia prevalence and hemoglobin concentrations in women and children. AU - Martorell, Reynaldo AU - Ascencio, Melany AU - Tacsan, Luis AU - Alfaro, Thelma AU - Young, Melissa F. AU - Addo, O. Yaw AU - Dary, Omar AU - Flnres-Avala, Rafael Y1 - 2015/01// N1 - Accession Number: 103863265. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141224. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Nutrition; Pediatric Care; Public Health; Women's Health. Grant Information: Supported by The Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Canada.. NLM UID: 0376027. KW - Food, Fortified -- Legislation and Jurisprudence -- Costa Rica KW - Nutrition Policy -- Evaluation -- Costa Rica KW - Anemia -- Epidemiology -- Costa Rica KW - Ferrous Compounds -- Administration and Dosage -- Costa Rica KW - Human KW - Costa Rica KW - Funding Source KW - Women's Health KW - Infant KW - Infant Nutrition KW - Child, Preschool KW - Child KW - Child Nutrition KW - Child Health KW - Public Health Nutrition KW - Adolescence KW - Adolescent Nutrition KW - Adolescent Health KW - Young Adult KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Male KW - Female KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Pretest-Posttest Design KW - Survey Research KW - Deficiency Diseases KW - Iron -- Deficiency KW - Comparative Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - P-Value KW - Chi Square Test KW - Hemoglobins -- Blood KW - Ferritin -- Blood KW - Anemia, Iron Deficiency KW - T-Tests KW - Nutritional Assessment KW - Dietary Reference Intakes KW - Probability Sample KW - Data Analysis Software SP - 210 EP - 217 JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition JA - AM J CLIN NUTR VL - 101 IS - 1 CY - Bethesda, Maryland PB - American Society for Nutrition AB - Background: Food fortification is one approach for addressing anemia, but information on program effectiveness is limited. Objective: We evaluated the impact of Costa Rica's fortification program on anemia in women aged 15-45 y and children aged 1-7 y. Design: Reduced iron, an ineffective fortificant, was replaced by ferrous fumarate in wheat flour in 2002, and ferrous bisglycinate was added to maize flour in 1999 and to liquid and powdered milk in 2001. We used a one-group pretest-posttest design and national survey data from 1996 (baseline; 910 women, 965 children) and 2008-2009 (endline; 863 women, 403 children) to assess changes in iron deficiency (children only) and anemia. Data were also available for sentinel sites (1 urban, 1 rural) for 1999-2000 (405 women, 404 children) and 2008-2009 (474 women, 195 children), including 24-h recall data in children. Monitoring of fortification levels was routine. Results: Foods were fortified as mandated. Fortification provided about one-half the estimated average requirement for iron in children, mostly and equally through wheat flour and milk. Anemia was reduced in children and women in national and sentinel site comparisons. At the national level, anemia declined in children from 19.3% (95% CI: 16.8%, 21.8%) to 4.0% (95% CI: 2.1%, 5.9%) and in women from 18.4% (95% CI: 15.8%, 20.9%) to 10.2% (95% CI: 8.2%, 12.2%). In children, iron deficiency declined from 26.9% (95% CI: 21.1%, 32.7%) to 6.8% (95% CI: 4.2%, 9.3%), and iron deficiency anemia, which was 6.2% (95% CI: 3.0%, 9.3%) at baseline, could no longer be detected at the endline. Conclusions: A plausible impact pathway suggests that fortification improved iron status and reduced anemia. Although unlikely in the Costa Rican context, other explanations cannot be excluded in a pre/post comparison. SN - 0002-9165 AD - Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA AD - Dirección de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico en Salud, Ministerio de Salud, San José, Costa Rica AD - Centro Nacional de Referencia de Bromatología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigatión y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica AD - Nutrition Division, Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC AD - Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control (IMMPaCt) Program, Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, U.S. CDC, Atlanta, GA U2 - PMID: 25527765. DO - 10.3945/ajcn.114.097709 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103863265&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luo, Yufeng AU - Jiang, Yunlu AU - Peng, Shizhang AU - Cui, Yuanlai AU - Khan, Shahbaz AU - Li, Yalong AU - Wang, Weiguang T1 - Hindcasting the effects of climate change on rice yields, irrigation requirements, and water productivity. JO - Paddy & Water Environment JF - Paddy & Water Environment Y1 - 2015/01// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 81 EP - 89 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 16112490 AB - An ex post facto investigation of the effects of climate change on rice production over the past few decades will be helpful for planning future climate change. Here, a simulation study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the yields, irrigation requirements, and water productivity of rice in Kaifeng, China from 1951 to 2010. The rice growth model ORYZA 2000 was adopted to simulate the yields and irrigation requirements (IR); then, water productivity in terms of irrigation water (WP), evapotranspiration (WP), and total water use (WP) was calculated, and the Mann-Kendall test was employed to detect the trends in the variables. The reduction in yield was caused by the shortened GSL, increased temperature, and decreased hours of sunshine. The decreased seasonal IR resulted from both the increased rainfall and decreased ET, while the latter played a dominate role. The WP seemed not sensitivity to climate change, while WP and WP were strongly linked with climate change. More productive crop variety or changing the planting schedule could avoid the negative effects posed by global warming, stilling, and dimming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Paddy & Water Environment is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Climatic changes KW - Irrigation KW - Rice KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Rain & rainfall KW - China KW - Climate change KW - Irrigation requirements KW - Water productivity KW - Yields N1 - Accession Number: 100240830; Luo, Yufeng 1; Email Address: yufeng.luo@gmail.com; Jiang, Yunlu 1; Peng, Shizhang 1; Cui, Yuanlai 2; Khan, Shahbaz 3; Li, Yalong 4; Wang, Weiguang 1; Affiliations: 1: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 China; 2: State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 China; 3: Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific UNESCO, DKI Jakarta 12110 Indonesia; 4: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010 China; Issue Info: Jan2015, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p81; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Irrigation; Thesaurus Term: Rice; Thesaurus Term: Evapotranspiration; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Subject: China; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irrigation requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yields; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111160 Rice Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10333-013-0409-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100240830&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2015-03075-001 AN - 2015-03075-001 AU - Andrinopoulos, Katherine AU - Hembling, John AU - Guardado, Maria Elena AU - de Maria Hernández, Flor AU - Nieto, Ana Isabel AU - Melendez, Giovanni T1 - Evidence of the negative effect of sexual minority stigma on HIV testing among MSM and transgender women in San Salvador, El Salvador. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2015/01// VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 60 EP - 71 CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - Andrinopoulos, Katherine, Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA, US, 70112 N1 - Accession Number: 2015-03075-001. PMID: 24907779 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Andrinopoulos, Katherine; Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, US. Release Date: 20150223. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: HIV Testing; Human Females; Stigma; Same Sex Intercourse; Transgender. Classification: Health Psychology & Medicine (3360). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: El Salvador. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360); Aged (65 yrs & older) (380). Tests & Measures: Boshemer’s Attitudes about HIV-1 Antibody Testing Scale; Access to Healthcare and HIV Services Measure; Social Proximity to HIV Measure; Minority Stress Related Characteristics Measure; Internalized Homonegativity Index; HIV Knowledge Measure; Perceived Risk for HIV Measure. Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study. Page Count: 12. Issue Publication Date: Jan, 2015. Publication History: First Posted Date: Jun 8, 2014. Copyright Statement: Springer Science+Business Media New York. 2014. AB - A cross sectional survey was administered to 670 men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in San Salvador through respondent driven sampling to identify determinants of ever testing for HIV using a minority stress framework. A positive association was found between ever testing and older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.10], past experience of sexual assault (aOR 2.92), perceiving that most social acquaintances had tested (aOR 1.81), and knowing a PLHIV (aOR 1.94). A negative association was found between homelessness and ever testing (aOR 0.43). Among the MSM sub-sample (n = 506), similar results were found for older age (aOR 2.63), and past experience of sexual assault (aOR 2.56). Internalized homonegativity was negatively associated with ever testing for HIV among MSM (aOR 0.46), and HIV testing stigma and experienced provider discrimination further strengthened this relationship. It is important to mitigate sexual minority stigma in order to increase HIV testing among MSM. Future research should explore this construct among TW. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV testing KW - Men who have sex with men KW - Transgender women KW - Internalized homonegativity KW - El Salvador KW - 2015 KW - HIV Testing KW - Human Females KW - Stigma KW - Same Sex Intercourse KW - Transgender KW - 2015 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Grant: Cooperative agreement GHA-A-00-08-00003-00. Other Details: MEASURE Evaluation Project. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1007/s10461-014-0813-0 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2015-03075-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - kandrino@tulane.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kendall, Tamil AU - Danel, Isabella AU - Cooper, Diane AU - Dilmitis, Sophie AU - Kaida, Angela AU - Kourtis, Athena P. AU - Langer, Ana AU - Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana AU - Lathrop, Eva AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Sebitloane, Hannah AU - Turan, Janet M. AU - Watts, D. Heather AU - Wegner, Mary Nell T1 - Eliminating Preventable HIV-Related Maternal Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2014/12/02/12/1/2014 Supplement VL - 67 M3 - Article SP - S250 EP - S258 SN - 15254135 AB - HIV makes a significant contribution to maternal mortality, and women living in sub-Saharan Africa are most affected. International commitments to eliminate preventable maternal mortality and reduce HIV-related deaths among pregnant and postpartum women by 50% will not be achieved without a better understanding of the links between HIV and poor maternal health outcomes and improved health services for the care of women living with HIV (WLWH) during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum.This article summarizes priorities for research and evaluation identified through consultation with 30 international researchers and policymakers with experience in maternal health and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and a review of the published literature.Priorities for improving the evidence about effective interventions to reduce maternal mortality and improve maternal health among WLWH include better quality data about causes of maternal death among WLWH, enhanced and harmonized program monitoring, and research and evaluation that contributes to improving: (1) clinical management of pregnant and postpartum WLWH, including assessment of the impact of expanded antiretroviral therapy on maternal mortality and morbidity, (2) integrated service delivery models, and (3) interventions to create an enabling social environment for women to begin and remain in care.As the global community evaluates progress and prepares for new maternal mortality and HIV targets, addressing the needs of WLWH must be a priority now and after 2015. Research and evaluation on maternal health and HIV can increase collaboration on these 2 global priorities, strengthen political constituencies and communities of practice, and accelerate progress toward achievement of goals in both areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV KW - maternal health KW - maternal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - research priorities KW - women's health N1 - Accession Number: 111805431; Kendall, Tamil 1 Danel, Isabella 1 Cooper, Diane 1 Dilmitis, Sophie 1 Kaida, Angela 1 Kourtis, Athena P. 1 Langer, Ana 1 Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana 1 Lathrop, Eva 1 Moran, Allisyn C. 1 Sebitloane, Hannah 1 Turan, Janet M. 1 Watts, D. Heather 1 Wegner, Mary Nell 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ Maternal Health Task Force, Women and Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; † Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; ‡ School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Women's Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; § Independent Consultant, Harare, Zimbabwe; ‖ Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; ¶ Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; # Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; ∗∗ Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; †† Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; ‡‡ Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and §§ Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC.; Source Info: 12/1/2014 Supplement, Vol. 67, pS250; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: maternal health; Author-Supplied Keyword: maternal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: pregnancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: research priorities; Author-Supplied Keyword: women's health; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6836 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000377 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111805431&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - KENESSY, ISMAIL T1 - WHY FOLLOW UP? JO - Internal Auditor JF - Internal Auditor Y1 - 2014/12// VL - 71 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 18 EP - 19 PB - Internal Auditor SN - 00205745 AB - The article discusses reasons why internal auditors should perform follow-up audits on recommendation implementation. Topics covered include the follow-up process set by Standard 2500 of the Institute of Internal Auditors' (IIA) International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing, determining if recommendations were implemented and if underlying issues were resolved by the implemented recommendations. A case study of a follow-up audit project in Colombia is also cited. KW - INTERNAL auditing KW - CORPORATIONS -- Auditing KW - INTERNAL auditors KW - CORPORATE governance KW - INSTITUTE of Internal Auditors N1 - Accession Number: 100244255; KENESSY, ISMAIL 1; Affiliations: 1: Office of the Inspector General of USAID, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 71 Issue 6, p18; Thesaurus Term: INTERNAL auditing; Thesaurus Term: CORPORATIONS -- Auditing; Thesaurus Term: INTERNAL auditors; Thesaurus Term: CORPORATE governance ; Company/Entity: INSTITUTE of Internal Auditors DUNS Number: 072558976; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=100244255&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koenker, Hannah AU - Kilian, Albert AU - de Beyl, Celine Zegers AU - Onyefunafoa, Emmanuel O. AU - Selby, Richmond A. AU - Abeku, Tarekegn AU - Fotheringham, Megan AU - Lynch, Matthew T1 - What happens to lost nets: a multi-country analysis of reasons for LLIN attrition using 14 household surveys in four countries. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2014/12// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background While significant focus has been given to net distribution, little is known about what is done with nets that leave a household, either to be used by others or when they are discarded. To better understand the magnitude of sharing LLIN between households and patterns of discarding LLIN, the present study pools data from 14 post-campaign surveys to draw larger conclusions about the fate of nets that leave households. Methods Data from 14 sub-national post-campaign surveys conducted in Ghana, Senegal, Nigeria (10 states), and Uganda between 2009 and 2012 were pooled. Survey design and data collection methods were similar across surveys. The timing of surveys ranged from 2-16 months following their respective mass LLIN distributions. Results Among the 14 surveys a total of 14,196 households reported owning 25,447 nets of any kind, of which 23,955 (94%) were LLINs. In addition, a total of 4,102 nets were reported to have left the households in the sample: 63% were discarded, and 34% were given away. Only 255 of the discarded nets were reported used for other purposes, representing less than 1% of the total sample of nets. The majority (62.5%) of nets given away were given to or taken by relatives, while 31.1% were given to non-relatives. Campaign nets were almost six times (OR 5.95, 4.25-8.32, p < 0.0001) more likely to be given away than non-campaign nets lost during the same period. Nets were primarily given away within the first few months after distribution. The overall rate of net redistribution was 5% of all nets. Discussion and conclusion Intra-household re-allocation of nets does occur, but was sensitive to current household net ownership and the time elapsed since mass distribution. These factors can be addressed programmatically to further facilitate reallocation within a given community. Secondly, the overwhelming majority of nets were used for malaria prevention. Of the repurposed nets (<1% overall), the majority were already considered too torn, indicating they had already served out their useful life for malaria prevention. National programmes and donor agencies should remain confident that overall, their investments in LLIN are being appropriately used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - LOGISTIC regression analysis KW - HOUSEHOLD surveys KW - GHANA KW - SENEGAL KW - NIGERIA N1 - Accession Number: 99886794; Koenker, Hannah 1; Email Address: hkoenker@jhu.edu Kilian, Albert 2,3; Email Address: albert@trophealth.com de Beyl, Celine Zegers 3; Email Address: c.zegers@malariaconsortium.org Onyefunafoa, Emmanuel O. 4; Email Address: e.obi@malariaconsortium.org Selby, Richmond A. 5; Email Address: atoselby@gmail.com Abeku, Tarekegn 3; Email Address: t.abeku@malariaconsortium.org Fotheringham, Megan 6; Email Address: mfotheringham@usaid.gov Lynch, Matthew 1; Email Address: mlynch@jhu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA 2: Tropical Health LLP, Montagut, Girona, Spain 3: Malaria Consortium, London, UK 4: Malaria Consortium, Abuja, Nigeria 5: Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda 6: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: LOGISTIC regression analysis; Subject Term: HOUSEHOLD surveys; Subject Term: GHANA; Subject Term: SENEGAL; Subject Term: NIGERIA; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-464 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99886794&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leonard, Lori AU - Diop, Samba AU - Doumbia, Seydou AU - Sadou, Aboubacar AU - Mihigo, Jules AU - Koenker, Hannah AU - Berthe, Sara AU - Monroe, April AU - Bertram, Kathryn AU - Weber, Rachel T1 - Net use, care and repair practices following a universal distribution campaign in Mali. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2014/12// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background The Government of Mali and the President's Malaria Initiative conducted a long-lasting, insecticidal net (LLIN) distribution campaign in April 2011 in the Sikasso region of Mali, with the aim of universal coverage, defined as one insecticide-treated net for every two persons. This study examines how households in post- and pre-campaign regions value and care for nets. Methods The study was conducted in October 2012 in Sikasso and Kayes in the southeast and western regions of Mali, respectively. The regions were purposively selected to allow for comparison between areas that had already had a mass distribution campaign (Sikasso) and areas that had not yet had a mass distribution campaign (Kayes). Study sites and households were randomly selected. Sleeping space questionnaires and structured interviews with household heads were conducted to obtain information on net use, perceived value of free nets in relation to other malaria prevention activities, and net care and repair practices. Results The study included 40 households, split evenly across the two regions. Forty interviews were conducted with household heads and 151 sleeping spaces were inventoried using the sleeping space questionnaire. Nets obtained through the free distribution were reported to be highly valued in comparison to other malaria prevention strategies. Overall, net ownership and use were higher among households in areas that had already experienced a mass distribution. While participants reported using and valuing these nets, care and repair practices varied. Conclusion National net use is high in Mali, and comparatively higher in the region covered by the universal distribution campaign than in the region not yet covered. While the Government of Mali and implementing partners have made strides to ensure high net coverage, some gaps remain related to communication messaging of correct and consistent net use throughout the year, and on improving net care and repair behaviour. By focusing on these areas as well as improved access to nets, coverage and use rates should continue to increase, contributing to improvements in malaria control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOSQUITO nets KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - PUBLIC health KW - INSECTICIDES KW - MALARIA vaccine KW - MALI KW - Care KW - Long-lasting insecticide treated nets KW - Malaria KW - Mali KW - Net distribution campaign KW - Perceived value of nets KW - Repair KW - Use N1 - Accession Number: 99886765; Leonard, Lori 1; Email Address: ll536@cornell.edu Diop, Samba 2; Email Address: saibd@icermali.org Doumbia, Seydou 2; Email Address: sdoumbi@icermali.org Sadou, Aboubacar 3; Email Address: asadou@usaid.gov Mihigo, Jules 3,4; Email Address: ftb8@cdc.gov Koenker, Hannah 5; Email Address: hkoenker@jhu.edu Berthe, Sara 5; Email Address: sberthe1@jhu.edu Monroe, April 5; Email Address: amonroe@jhu.edu Bertram, Kathryn 5; Email Address: kbertram@jhu.edu Weber, Rachel 5; Email Address: rachweb@hotmail.com; Affiliation: 1: Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 2: Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali 3: United States Agency for International Development, Bamako, Mali 4: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop A-06, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 5: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MOSQUITO nets; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: INSECTICIDES; Subject Term: MALARIA vaccine; Subject Term: MALI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-lasting insecticide treated nets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mali; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net distribution campaign; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perceived value of nets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Repair; Author-Supplied Keyword: Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418390 Agricultural chemical and other farm supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-435 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99886765&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-55420-017 AN - 2014-55420-017 AU - Elder, John P. AU - Pequegnat, Willo AU - Ahmed, Saifuddin AU - Bachman, Gretchen AU - Bullock, Merry AU - Carlo, Waldemar A. AU - Chandra-Mouli, Venkatraman AU - Fox, Nathan A. AU - Harkness, Sara AU - Huebner, Gillian AU - Lombardi, Joan AU - Murry, Velma McBride AU - Moran, Allisyn AU - Norton, Maureen AU - Mulik, Jennifer AU - Parks, Will AU - Raikes, Helen H. AU - Smyser, Joseph AU - Sugg, Caroline AU - Sweat, Michael AU - Ulkuer, Nurper T1 - 'Caregiver behavior change for child survival and development in low- and middle-income countries: An examination of the evidence': Corrigendum. JF - Journal of Health Communication JO - Journal of Health Communication JA - J Health Commun Y1 - 2014/12// VL - 19 IS - 12 SP - 1515 EP - 1515 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1081-0730 SN - 1087-0415 AD - Pequegnat, Willo, International AIDS Prevention Research, National Institutes of Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 6219, MSC 9619, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-55420-017. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Elder, John P.; Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, US. Release Date: 20150112. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Erratum/Correction. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Birth; Caregivers; Childhood Development; Death and Dying; Mortality Rate. Minor Descriptor: Behavior Change. Classification: Cognitive & Perceptual Development (2820). Population: Human (10). Page Count: 1. Issue Publication Date: Dec, 2014. Copyright Statement: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC AB - Reports an error in 'Caregiver behavior change for child survival and development in low- and middle-income countries: An examination of the evidence' by John P. Elder, Willo Pequegnat, Saifuddin Ahmed, Gretchen Bachman, Merry Bullock, Waldemar A. Carlo, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli, Nathan A. Fox, Sara Harkness, Gillian Huebner, Joan Lombardi, Velma McBride Murry, Allisyn Moran, Maureen Norton, Jennifer Mulik, Will Parks, Helen H. Raikes, Joseph Smyser, Caroline Sugg and Michael Sweat (Journal of Health Communication, 2014[Sep], Vol 19[Suppl 1], 25-66). In the original article, an author was not included in the list of authors. The author’s name and affiliation are present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2014-38913-004[/rid]). In June of 2012, representatives from more than 80 countries promulgated a Child Survival Call to Action, which called for reducing child mortality to 20 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births in every country by 2035. To address the problem of ending preventable child deaths, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations Children's Fund convened, on June 3–4, 2013, an Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. Six evidence review teams were established on different topics related to child survival and healthy development to identify the relevant evidence-based interventions and to prepare reports. This article was developed by the evidence review team responsible for identifying the research literature on caregiver change for child survival and development. This article is organized into childhood developmental periods and cross-cutting issues that affect child survival and healthy early development across all these periods. On the basis of this review, the authors present evidence-based recommendations for programs focused on caregivers to increase child survival and promote healthy development. Last, promising directions for future research to change caregivers' behaviors are given. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - caregiver behavior change KW - child survival KW - child development KW - low middle income countries KW - 2014 KW - Birth KW - Caregivers KW - Childhood Development KW - Death and Dying KW - Mortality Rate KW - Behavior Change KW - 2014 DO - 10.1080/10810730.2014.983851 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-55420-017&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - wpequegn@mail.nih.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Matanock, Almea AU - Arwady, M. Allison AU - Ayscue, Patrick AU - Forrester, Joseph D. AU - Gaddis, Bethany AU - Hunter, Jennifer C. AU - Monroe, Benjamin AU - Pillai, Satish K. AU - Reed, Christie AU - Schafer, Ilana J. AU - Massaquoi, Moses AU - Dahn, Bernice AU - De Cock, Kevin M. T1 - Ebola Virus Disease Cases Among Health Care Workers Not Working in Ebola Treatment Units -- Liberia, June-August, 2014. JO - MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report JF - MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report Y1 - 2014/11/21/ VL - 63 IS - 46 M3 - Article SP - 1077 EP - 1081 PB - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) SN - 01492195 AB - The article reports on the incidence of Ebola virus disease epidemics among health personnel outside Ebola treatment units in Liberia from June 2014 to August 2014. Topics discussed include the occurrence of human-to-human transmission of Ebola, strategies for preventing the transmission of Ebola virus, number of suspected, probable and confirmed case of Ebola virus disease among health workers, and factors that contributed to the exposure of health workers to Ebola virus. KW - EBOLA virus disease -- Transmission KW - EBOLA virus disease KW - MEDICAL personnel as patients KW - DISEASE incidence KW - EPIDEMICS KW - PUBLIC health KW - TREATMENT KW - LIBERIA N1 - Accession Number: 99576727; Matanock, Almea 1; Email Address: amatanock@cdc.gov Arwady, M. Allison 1 Ayscue, Patrick 1 Forrester, Joseph D. 1 Gaddis, Bethany 2 Hunter, Jennifer C. 1 Monroe, Benjamin 3 Pillai, Satish K. 4 Reed, Christie 5 Schafer, Ilana J. 6 Massaquoi, Moses 7 Dahn, Bernice 8 De Cock, Kevin M. 9; Affiliation: 1: Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC 2: United States Agency for International Development, Liberia 3: Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology 4: Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, CDC 5: President's Malaria Initiative, Center for Global Health, CDC 6: Division of Epidemiology, Analysis, and Library Services, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, CDC 7: Clinton Health Access Initiative 8: Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare 9: CDC Kenya, Center for Global Health, CDC; Source Info: 11/21/2014, Vol. 63 Issue 46, p1077; Subject Term: EBOLA virus disease -- Transmission; Subject Term: EBOLA virus disease; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel as patients; Subject Term: DISEASE incidence; Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Subject Term: LIBERIA; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Map; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99576727&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levine, Sebastian AU - Muwonge, James AU - Batana, Yélé Maweki T1 - A Robust Multi-dimensional Poverty Profile for Uganda. JO - Journal of Human Development & Capabilities JF - Journal of Human Development & Capabilities Y1 - 2014/11// VL - 15 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 369 EP - 390 SN - 19452829 AB - We compute a Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for Uganda following the specification by Alkire and Santos and the general approach of Alkire and Forster. Using household survey data we show how the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty has fallen in recent years and we use the decomposability features of the index to explain the reduction in multi-dimensional poverty. The robustness of our results is tested in a stochastic dominance framework and using statistical inference. Notably, we extend the one-dimensional analysis of stochastic dominance to include household size as a second dimension, thus taking into account that MPI indicators are collected at both household and individual levels. Moreover, we extend the standard two-stage application of the MPI to include a third stage, which is important given the high degree of multiple deprivations within the standard of living dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Human Development & Capabilities is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POVERTY KW - ECONOMIC development KW - CAPABILITIES approach (Social sciences) KW - STOCHASTIC dominance KW - HOUSEHOLD surveys KW - UGANDA -- Economic conditions KW - Capability approach KW - Economic development KW - Human development KW - Measurement KW - Poverty N1 - Accession Number: 99283426; Levine, Sebastian 1 Muwonge, James 2 Batana, Yélé Maweki 3; Affiliation: 1: UNDP Regional Bureau for Africa, New York, USA 2: Uganda Bureau of Statistics, Kampala, Uganda 3: Partnership for Economic Policy Network, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p369; Subject Term: POVERTY; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; Subject Term: CAPABILITIES approach (Social sciences); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC dominance; Subject Term: HOUSEHOLD surveys; Subject Term: UGANDA -- Economic conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capability approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poverty; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/19452829.2014.897310 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99283426&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kerridge, Bradley T. AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Tran, Phu AU - Barnhart, Matthew AU - Pickering, Roger T1 - Association between intoxication at last sexual intercourse and unprotected sex among men and women in Uganda. JO - Journal of Infection in Developing Countries JF - Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Y1 - 2014/11// VL - 8 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1461 EP - 1469 SN - 20366590 AB - Introduction: This study examined the association between intoxication at last sexual intercourse and unprotected sex using data derived from a nationally representative survey conducted in Uganda in 2011. Methodology: Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the intoxication-unprotected sex association separately among men and women, adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates that were also examined as moderators of the association. Results: Among men, intoxication at last sexual intercourse was almost entirely attributed to their own drinking, while women most frequently reported intoxication among their partners only. Among women, there was a significant association between their partner's intoxication and unprotected sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.73. Intoxication was associated with unprotected sex among unmarried men (AOR = 2.09; 95%; CI = 1.45-2.84), an association not observed among married men. Conclusions: The results suggest that the alcohol-unprotected sex link should be incorporated within Ugandan National HIV Prevention Strategy. These interventions should be designed to target unmarried men. Programs that combine alcohol reduction and address structural factors that constrain women's ability to negotiate condom use are also needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Infection in Developing Countries is the property of Journal of Infection in Developing Countries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SEXUAL intercourse KW - UNSAFE sex KW - LOGISTIC regression analysis KW - ALCOHOLIC intoxication KW - UGANDA KW - Africa KW - alcohol KW - gender differences KW - HIV KW - Intoxication KW - unprotected sex N1 - Accession Number: 99409136; Kerridge, Bradley T. 1; Email Address: bradleykerridge@gmail.com Castor, Delivette 2 Tran, Phu 3 Barnhart, Matthew 2 Pickering, Roger 4; Affiliation: 1: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States 2: Office of HIV/AIDS, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, United States 3: St. George's University, SGU Caribbean Medical School, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies 4: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Intramural Division of Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 8 Issue 11, p1461; Subject Term: SEXUAL intercourse; Subject Term: UNSAFE sex; Subject Term: LOGISTIC regression analysis; Subject Term: ALCOHOLIC intoxication; Subject Term: UGANDA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: alcohol; Author-Supplied Keyword: gender differences; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intoxication; Author-Supplied Keyword: unprotected sex; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.3855/jidc.4832 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99409136&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hodgson, Ian AU - Plummer, Mary L. AU - Konopka, Sarah N. AU - Colvin, Christopher J. AU - Jonas, Edna AU - Albertini, Jennifer AU - Amzel, Anouk AU - Fogg, Karen P. T1 - A Systematic Review of Individual and Contextual Factors Affecting ART Initiation, Adherence, and Retention for HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/11// VL - 9 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Despite progress reducing maternal mortality, HIV-related maternal deaths remain high, accounting, for example, for up to 24 percent of all pregnancy-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective in improving outcomes among HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women, yet rates of initiation, adherence, and retention remain low. This systematic literature review synthesized evidence about individual and contextual factors affecting ART use among HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women. Methods: Searches were conducted for studies addressing the population (HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women), intervention (ART), and outcomes of interest (initiation, adherence, and retention). Quantitative and qualitative studies published in English since January 2008 were included. Individual and contextual enablers and barriers to ART use were extracted and organized thematically within a framework of individual, interpersonal, community, and structural categories. Results: Thirty-four studies were included in the review. Individual-level factors included both those within and outside a woman’s awareness and control (e.g., commitment to child’s health or age). Individual-level barriers included poor understanding of HIV, ART, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and difficulty managing practical demands of ART. At an interpersonal level, disclosure to a spouse and spousal involvement in treatment were associated with improved initiation, adherence, and retention. Fear of negative consequences was a barrier to disclosure. At a community level, stigma was a major barrier. Key structural barriers and enablers were related to health system use and engagement, including access to services and health worker attitudes. Conclusions: To be successful, programs seeking to expand access to and continued use of ART by integrating maternal health and HIV services must identify and address the relevant barriers and enablers in their own context that are described in this review. Further research on this population, including those who drop out of or never access health services, is needed to inform effective implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV-positive persons KW - PREGNANT women KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - CELL adhesion KW - PUERPERIUM KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - AIDS KW - Anthropology KW - Attitudes (psychology) KW - Behavior KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Cognitive psychology KW - Cognitive science KW - Communication in health care KW - Community-based intervention KW - Computer and information sciences KW - Culture KW - Families KW - Families and family members KW - Habits KW - Health care KW - Health care policy KW - Health care providers KW - Health care quality KW - Health habits KW - Health systems strengthening KW - HIV infections KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Mothers KW - Motivation KW - Network analysis KW - Neuroscience KW - Parenting behavior KW - People and places KW - Population groupings KW - Postpartum care KW - Primary care KW - Psychology KW - Public and occupational health KW - Quality of care KW - Quality of life KW - Research Article KW - Sexual and gender issues KW - Social networks KW - Social research KW - Social sciences KW - Socioeconomic aspects of health KW - Sociology KW - Viral diseases KW - Women's health N1 - Accession Number: 99732446; Hodgson, Ian 1 Plummer, Mary L. 2 Konopka, Sarah N. 3 Colvin, Christopher J. 4 Jonas, Edna 3 Albertini, Jennifer 5 Amzel, Anouk 6 Fogg, Karen P. 7; Affiliation: 1: Independent Consultant, Bingley, United Kingdom 2: Independent Consultant, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 3: Center for Health Services, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, Virginia, USA 4: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 5: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Africa Bureau, Washington, D.C., USA 6: USAID/Bureau for Global Health (BGH)/Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, D.C., USA 7: USAID/BGH/Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Washington, D.C., USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 9 Issue 11, p1; Subject Term: HIV-positive persons; Subject Term: PREGNANT women; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: CELL adhesion; Subject Term: PUERPERIUM; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anthropology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attitudes (psychology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive psychology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communication in health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community-based intervention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer and information sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Culture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Families; Author-Supplied Keyword: Families and family members; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care providers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health habits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mothers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motivation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Network analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neuroscience; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parenting behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Postpartum care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Primary care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Psychology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality of care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sexual and gender issues; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Socioeconomic aspects of health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sociology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Women's health; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0111421 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99732446&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polis, Chelsea B. AU - Phillips, Sharon J. AU - Curtis, Kathryn M. AU - Westreich, Daniel J. AU - Steyn, Petrus S. AU - Raymond, Elizabeth AU - Hannaford, Philip AU - Turner, Abigail Norris T1 - Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2014/10// VL - 90 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 360 EP - 390 SN - 00107824 AB - Whether use of various types of hormonal contraception (HC) affect risk of HIV acquisition is a critical question for women's health. For this systematic review, we identified 22 studies published by January 15, 2014 which met inclusion criteria; we classified thirteen studies as having severe methodological limitations, and nine studies as “informative but with important limitations”. Overall, data do not support an association between use of oral contraceptives and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Uncertainty persists regarding whether an association exists between depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use and risk of HIV acquisition. Most studies suggested no significantly increased HIV risk with norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) use, but when assessed in the same study, point estimates for NET-EN tended to be larger than for DMPA, though 95% confidence intervals overlapped substantially. No data have suggested significantly increased risk of HIV acquisition with use of implants, though data were limited. No data are available on the relationship between use of contraceptive patches, rings, or hormonal intrauterine devices and risk of HIV acquisition. Women choosing progestin-only injectable contraceptives such as DMPA or NET-EN should be informed of the current uncertainty regarding whether use of these methods increases risk of HIV acquisition, and like all women at risk of HIV, should be empowered to access and use condoms and other HIV preventative measures. Programs, practitioners, and women urgently need guidance on how to maximize health with respect to avoiding both unintended pregnancy and HIV given inconclusive or limited data for certain HC methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONTRACEPTIVES KW - HIV infections KW - WOMEN -- Health KW - HORMONES KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - DMPA KW - HIV acquisition KW - Hormonal contraception KW - Injectable contraception KW - Oral contraception KW - Systematic review N1 - Accession Number: 97845039; Polis, Chelsea B. 1,2; Email Address: cpolis@usaid.gov Phillips, Sharon J. 3 Curtis, Kathryn M. 4 Westreich, Daniel J. 5 Steyn, Petrus S. 3 Raymond, Elizabeth 6 Hannaford, Philip 7 Turner, Abigail Norris 8; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Washington, DC, USA, 20004 2: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205 3: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland 4: Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA, 30333 5: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 27599 6: Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA, 10010 7: Centre of Primary Academic Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom 8: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 43210; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 90 Issue 4, p360; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTIVES; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Health; Subject Term: HORMONES; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Author-Supplied Keyword: DMPA; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV acquisition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hormonal contraception; Author-Supplied Keyword: Injectable contraception; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oral contraception; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systematic review; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326299 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.009 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97845039&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103850710 T1 - Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. AU - Polis, Chelsea B AU - Phillips, Sharon J AU - Curtis, Kathryn M AU - Westreich, Daniel J AU - Steyn, Petrus S AU - Raymond, Elizabeth AU - Hannaford, Philip AU - Turner, Abigail Norris Y1 - 2014/10// N1 - Accession Number: 103850710. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150529. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; systematic review. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice; Obstetric Care. NLM UID: 0234361. KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Administration and Dosage KW - HIV Infections -- Etiology KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- Administration and Dosage KW - Steroids KW - Administration, Oral KW - Africa KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Human KW - Injections, Intramuscular KW - Professional Practice, Evidence-Based KW - Steroids -- Administration and Dosage KW - Systematic Review SP - 360 EP - 390 JO - Contraception JF - Contraception JA - CONTRACEPTION VL - 90 IS - 4 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0010-7824 AD - United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Washington, DC, USA, 20004; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205. Electronic address: cpolis@usaid.gov. AD - Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. AD - Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA, 30333. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 27599. AD - Gynuity Health Projects, New York, NY, USA, 10010. AD - Centre of Primary Academic Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 43210. U2 - PMID: 25183264. DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.009 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103850710&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singh, Kavita AU - Moran, Allisyn AU - Story, William AU - Bailey, Patricia AU - Chavane, Leonardo T1 - Acknowledging HIV and malaria as major causes of maternal mortality in Mozambique. JO - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics JF - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Y1 - 2014/10// VL - 127 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 35 EP - 40 SN - 00207292 AB - Objective To review national data on HIV and malaria as causes of maternal death and to determine the importance of looking at maternal mortality at a subnational level in Mozambique. Methods Three national data surveys were used to document HIV and malaria as causes of maternal mortality and to assess HIV and malaria prevention services for pregnant women. Data were collected between 2007 and 2011, and included population-level verbal autopsy data and household survey data. Results Verbal autopsy data indicated that 18.2% of maternal deaths were due to HIV and 23.1% were due to malaria. Only 19.6% of recently pregnant women received at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment, and only 42.3% of pregnant women were sleeping under an insecticide-treated net. Only 37.5% of recently pregnant women had been counseled, tested, and received an HIV test result. Coverage of prevention services varied substantially by province. Conclusion Triangulation of information on cause of death and coverage of interventions can enable appropriate targeting of maternal health interventions. Such information could also help countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to recognize and take action against malaria and HIV in an effort to decrease maternal mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections KW - MALARIA KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - MATERNAL health services KW - MEDICAL databases KW - PREVENTIVE medicine KW - MOZAMBIQUE KW - HIV KW - Malaria KW - Maternal health KW - Maternal mortality KW - Mozambique N1 - Accession Number: 98141183; Singh, Kavita 1,2; Email Address: kavita_singh@unc.edu Moran, Allisyn 3 Story, William 1 Bailey, Patricia 4 Chavane, Leonardo 5; Affiliation: 1: MEASURE Evaluation/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 2: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 3: Global Health Fellows Program II, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington DC, USA 4: FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA 5: Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program, Jhpiego, Maputo, Mozambique; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 127 Issue 1, p35; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: MEDICAL databases; Subject Term: PREVENTIVE medicine; Subject Term: MOZAMBIQUE; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mozambique; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.05.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98141183&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goffe, William L.1 AU - Kauper, David2 T1 - A Survey of Principles Instructors: Why Lecture Prevails. JO - Journal of Economic Education JF - Journal of Economic Education J1 - Journal of Economic Education PY - 2014/10// Y1 - 2014/10// VL - 45 IS - 4 CP - 4 M3 - Article SP - 360 EP - 375 SN - 00220485 AB - For many years, surveys have shown that lecture is the dominant method for teaching principles of economics (Watts and Schaur 2011; Watts and Becker 2008; Becker and Watts 1996, 2001a, b). The authors confirm this and augment it by asking why principles instructors teach the way they do. The respondents, 340 principles instructors at the 2012 Allied Social Science Associations (ASSA) conference, group into thirds: one-third saying that students learn best from lecture; another third reporting that students do not learn best from lecture, but it is cost-effective; and the rest answering that students do not learn best from lecture, so alternatives are preferred. Lecture advocates often cite the inputs and costs of teaching while advocates of alternatives often cite student outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] KW - College teachers KW - Economics -- Study & teaching KW - Peer-to-peer file sharing KW - Economic attitudes KW - Teaching -- Methodology -- Research N1 - Accession Number: 98839851; Authors:Goffe, William L. 1; Kauper, David 2; Affiliations: 1: Senior lecturer of Economics at Penn State University and a JEE associate editor; 2: economist at the United States Agency for International Development; Subject: College teachers; Subject: Peer-to-peer file sharing; Subject: Economics -- Study & teaching; Subject: Economic attitudes; Subject: Teaching -- Methodology -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: A22; Author-Supplied Keyword: teaching methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: undergraduate economics; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 14 Charts; Record Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/00220485.2014.946547 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eft&AN=98839851&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eft ER - TY - JOUR AU - Khan, Shahbaz T1 - Integrated Water Resources Management from Rhetoric to Practice. JO - New Water Policy & Practice JF - New Water Policy & Practice Y1 - 2014///Fall2014 VL - 1 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 31 EP - 39 PB - Policy Studies Organization AB - In this opinion editorial, New Water Policy and Practice International Advisory Board member Prof Shahbaz Khan (Deputy Director UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia) presents some ideas on how to move Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) from rhetoric to action. Reflecting on IWRM, and on some of the difficulties experienced in its implementation, Shahbaz discusses some international initiatives which can strengthen IWRM in practice, identifies obstacles to operationalising IWRM principles and proposes some opportunities to facilitate IWRM implementation at the river basin level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of New Water Policy & Practice is the property of Policy Studies Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Water supply -- Management KW - Integrated water development KW - Sustainable development KW - Watersheds KW - International cooperation KW - IHP-HELP KW - integrated approaches KW - IWRM KW - river basin management KW - sustainable development N1 - Accession Number: 99414669; Khan, Shahbaz 1; Affiliations: 1: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia; Issue Info: Fall2014, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p31; Thesaurus Term: Water supply -- Management; Thesaurus Term: Integrated water development; Thesaurus Term: Sustainable development; Thesaurus Term: Watersheds; Subject Term: International cooperation; Author-Supplied Keyword: IHP-HELP; Author-Supplied Keyword: integrated approaches; Author-Supplied Keyword: IWRM; Author-Supplied Keyword: river basin management; Author-Supplied Keyword: sustainable development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=99414669&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colvin, Christopher J. AU - Konopka, Sarah AU - Chalker, John C. AU - Jonas, Edna AU - Albertini, Jennifer AU - Amzel, Anouk AU - Fogg, Karen T1 - A Systematic Review of Health System Barriers and Enablers for Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/10// VL - 9 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Despite global progress in the fight to reduce maternal mortality, HIV-related maternal deaths remain persistently high, particularly in much of Africa. Lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) appears to be the most effective way to prevent these deaths, but the rates of three key outcomes—ART initiation, retention in care, and long-term ART adherence—remain low. This systematic review synthesized evidence on health systems factors affecting these outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. Methods: Searches were conducted for studies addressing the population of interest (HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women), the intervention of interest (ART), and the outcomes of interest (initiation, adherence, and retention). Quantitative and qualitative studies published in English since January 2008 were included. A four-stage narrative synthesis design was used to analyze findings. Review findings from 42 included studies were categorized according to five themes: 1) models of care, 2) service delivery, 3) resource constraints and governance challenges, 4) patient-health system engagement, and 5) maternal ART interventions. Results: Low prioritization of maternal ART and persistent dropout along the maternal ART cascade were key findings. Service delivery barriers included poor communication and coordination among health system actors, poor clinical practices, and gaps in provider training. The few studies that assessed maternal ART interventions demonstrated the importance of multi-pronged, multi-leveled interventions. Conclusions: There has been a lack of emphasis on the experiences, needs and vulnerabilities particular to HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women. Supporting these women to successfully traverse the maternal ART cascade requires carefully designed and targeted interventions throughout the steps. Careful design of integrated service delivery models is of critical importance in this effort. Key knowledge gaps and research priorities were also identified, including definitions and indicators of adherence rates, and the importance of cumulative measures of dropout along the maternal ART cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy KW - HIV-positive women KW - HIV infections -- Treatment KW - PREGNANT women KW - PATIENT compliance KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - PREVENTION KW - Antiretroviral therapy KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Diagnostic medicine KW - Drug adherence KW - Epidemiology KW - Health care KW - Health services administration and management KW - Health services research KW - HIV KW - HIV diagnosis and management KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV infections KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Immunology KW - Infectious diseases KW - Maternal health KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Pharmacology KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Research assessment KW - Systematic reviews KW - Vaccination and immunization KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens KW - Women's health N1 - Accession Number: 99199201; Colvin, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: cj.colvin@uct.ac.za Konopka, Sarah 2 Chalker, John C. 3 Jonas, Edna 2 Albertini, Jennifer 4 Amzel, Anouk 5 Fogg, Karen 6; Affiliation: 1: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Medical School Campus, Cape Town, South Africa 2: Center for Health Services, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America 3: Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America 4: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Africa Bureau, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: USAID/Bureau for Global Health (BGH)/Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 6: USAID/BGH/Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; Subject Term: HIV-positive women; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Treatment; Subject Term: PREGNANT women; Subject Term: PATIENT compliance; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drug adherence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services administration and management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV diagnosis and management; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmacology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systematic reviews; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccination and immunization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Women's health; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0108150 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99199201&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-42448-001 AN - 2013-42448-001 AU - Anema, Aranka AU - Fielden, Sarah J. AU - Castleman, Tony AU - Grede, Nils AU - Heap, Amie AU - Bloem, Martin T1 - Food security in the context of HIV: Towards harmonized definitions and indicators. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2014/10// VL - 18 IS - Suppl 5 SP - 476 EP - 489 CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - Anema, Aranka, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada N1 - Accession Number: 2013-42448-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Anema, Aranka; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Release Date: 20131209. Correction Date: 20141208. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; Diets; Food; HIV; Well Being. Minor Descriptor: Evaluation; Monitoring; Safety. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291); Health Psychology & Medicine (3360). Population: Human (10). Methodology: Literature Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 14. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 2014. Publication History: First Posted Date: Nov 29, 2013. Copyright Statement: Springer Science+Business Media New York. 2013. AB - Integration of HIV and food security services is imperative to improving the health and well-being of people living with HIV. However, consensus does not exist on definitions and measures of food security to guide service delivery and evaluation in the context of HIV. This paper reviews definitions and indicators of food security used by key agencies; outlines their relevance in the context of HIV; highlights opportunities for harmonized monitoring and evaluation indicators; and discusses promising developments in data collection and management. In addition to the commonly used dimensions of food availability, access, utilization and stability, we identify three components of food security—food sufficiency, dietary quality, and food safety—that are useful for understanding and measuring food security needs of HIV-affected and other vulnerable people. Harmonization across agencies of food security indicators in the context of HIV offers opportunities to improve measurement and tracking, strengthen coordination, and inform evidence-based programming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - food security KW - HIV/AIDS KW - food insufficiency KW - dietary diversity KW - food safety KW - monitoring and evaluation (M&E) KW - indicators KW - 2014 KW - AIDS KW - Diets KW - Food KW - HIV KW - Well Being KW - Evaluation KW - Monitoring KW - Safety KW - 2014 DO - 10.1007/s10461-013-0659-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-42448-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - aanema@cfenet.ubc.ca DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - SHEN, ANGELA K. AU - CLAY, ROBERT AU - PABLOS-MENDEZ, ARIEL T1 - Global Immunization through the Lens of Development. JO - Public Health Reports JF - Public Health Reports Y1 - 2014/09/04/2014 Supplement 3 VL - 129 M3 - Opinion SP - 4 EP - 6 SN - 00333549 AB - The author reflects on the unprecedented support and commitment to end preventable child and maternal deaths within a generation which is top priority of U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Topics discussed include holistic approaches to technical and financial investments in health and USAID's strategy to provide technical assistance to countries and global technical community focusing on improving the efficiency and equity of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) worldwide. KW - GOVERNMENT agencies KW - IMMUNIZATION KW - INTERNATIONAL relations KW - MEDICAL protocols KW - VACCINES KW - WORLD health KW - UNITED States KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 103067796; SHEN, ANGELA K. 1,2; Email Address: ashen@usaid.gov CLAY, ROBERT 1 PABLOS-MENDEZ, ARIEL 1; Affiliation: 1: U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC 2: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC; Source Info: 2014 Supplement 3, Vol. 129, p4; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT agencies; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL relations; Subject Term: MEDICAL protocols; Subject Term: VACCINES; Subject Term: WORLD health; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911410 Foreign affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Opinion UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103067796&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 109794616 T1 - Global Immunization through the Lens of Development. AU - Shen, Angela K. AU - Clay, Robert AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Y1 - 2014/09/04/2014 Supplement 3 N1 - Accession Number: 109794616. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150608. Revision Date: 20150923. Publication Type: Journal Article. Supplement Title: 2014 Supplement 3. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 9716844. KW - Immunization Programs -- Administration -- United States KW - World Health KW - International Relations KW - United States KW - Immunization Programs -- Organizations KW - World Health Organization KW - Vaccines -- Supply and Distribution KW - Government Agencies SP - 4 EP - 6 JO - Public Health Reports JF - Public Health Reports JA - PUBLIC HEALTH REP VL - 129 PB - Sage Publications Inc. SN - 0033-3549 AD - U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC AD - U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC U2 - PMID: 25100884. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109794616&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heiby, JR AU - Armbruster, D AU - Jacobs, TA T1 - Better care for every patient, every time: improving quality in low health systems. JO - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology JF - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Y1 - 2014/09/02/Sep2014 Supplement VL - 121 M3 - Article SP - 4 EP - 7 SN - 14700328 AB - The article presents author's comments on the health strategies focused on maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) to limit the number of low-cost, high-impact interventions. It offers information on the performance measures focused on the health-related Millennium Development Goals for low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa. KW - NEWBORN infants -- Care KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - MIDDLE-income countries KW - PERFORMANCE KW - UN Millennium Project N1 - Accession Number: 98371743; Heiby, JR 1 Armbruster, D 2 Jacobs, TA 2; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health Office of Health Systems US Agency for International Development 2: Bureau for Global Health Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition US Agency for International Development; Source Info: Sep2014 Supplement, Vol. 121, p4; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants -- Care; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: MIDDLE-income countries; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Company/Entity: UN Millennium Project; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/1471-0528.12903 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98371743&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103852240 T1 - Better care for every patient, every time: improving quality in low health systems. AU - Heiby, J R AU - Armbruster, D AU - Jacobs, T A Y1 - 2014/09/02/Sep2014 Supplement N1 - Accession Number: 103852240. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150123. Revision Date: 20150902. Publication Type: Journal Article. Supplement Title: Sep2014 Supplement. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Obstetric Care; Women's Health. NLM UID: 100935741. KW - Outcomes (Health Care) KW - Quality of Health Care KW - Developing Countries KW - Organizational Efficiency KW - Clinical Indicators SP - 4 EP - 7 JO - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology JF - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology JA - BJOG VL - 121 CY - Malden, Massachusetts PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 1470-0328 AD - Bureau for Global Health, Office of Health Systems, US Agency for International Development, Washington, Washington DC, USA. U2 - PMID: 25236625. DO - 10.1111/1471-0528.12903 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103852240&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vélez, Luis F. AU - Sanitato, Mary AU - Barry, Donna AU - Alilio, Martin AU - Apfel, Franklin AU - Coe, Gloria AU - Garcia, Amparo AU - Kaufman, Michelle AU - Klein, Jonathan AU - Kutlesic, Vesna AU - Meadowcroft, Lisa AU - Nilsen, Wendy AU - O'Sullivan, Gael AU - Peterson, Stefan AU - Raiten, Daniel AU - Vorkoper, Susan T1 - The Role of Health Systems and Policy in Producing Behavior and Social Change to Enhance Child Survival and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Examination of the Evidence. JO - Journal of Health Communication JF - Journal of Health Communication Y1 - 2014/09/02/Sep2014 Supplement 1 VL - 19 M3 - Article SP - 89 EP - 121 SN - 10810730 AB - Evidence-based behavior change interventions addressing health systems must be identified and disseminated to improve child health outcomes. Studies of the efficacy of such interventions were identified from systematic searches of the published literature. Two hundred twenty-nine of the initially identified references were judged to be relevant and were further reviewed for the quality and strength of the evidence. Studies were eligible if an intervention addressed policy or health systems interventions, measured relevant behavioral or health outcomes (e.g., nutrition, childhood immunization, malaria prevention and treatment), used at least a moderate quality research design, and were implemented in low- or middle-income countries. Policy or systems interventions able to produce behavior change reviewed included media (e.g., mass media, social media), community mobilization, educational programs (for caregivers, communities, or providers), social marketing, opinion leadership, economic incentives (for both caregiver and provider), health systems strengthening/policy/legislation, and others. Recommendations for policy, practice, and research are given based on fairly strong data across the areas of health service delivery, health workforce, health financing, governance and leadership, and research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health Communication is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EVIDENCE-based psychology KW - BEHAVIOR modification techniques KW - SOCIAL change KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - INTERNATIONAL cooperation KW - CHILD development KW - CHILD mortality KW - PREVENTION KW - MIDDLE-income countries KW - LOW-income countries N1 - Accession Number: 98053360; Vélez, Luis F. 1 Sanitato, Mary 2; Email Address: msanitato@usaid.gov Barry, Donna 3 Alilio, Martin 4 Apfel, Franklin 5 Coe, Gloria 4 Garcia, Amparo 6 Kaufman, Michelle 7 Klein, Jonathan 8 Kutlesic, Vesna 9 Meadowcroft, Lisa 10 Nilsen, Wendy 11 O'Sullivan, Gael 12 Peterson, Stefan 13 Raiten, Daniel 9 Vorkoper, Susan 9; Affiliation: 1: DePelchin Children's Center, Houston, Texas, USA 2: Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 3: Center for American Progress, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 4: U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 5: World Health Communication Associates, Somerset, United Kingdom 6: U.S. Forest Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 7: Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 8: American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, USA 9: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 10: AMREF, New York City, New York, USA 11: Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 12: ABT Associates, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 13: Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: Sep2014 Supplement 1, Vol. 19, p89; Subject Term: EVIDENCE-based psychology; Subject Term: BEHAVIOR modification techniques; Subject Term: SOCIAL change; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL cooperation; Subject Term: CHILD development; Subject Term: CHILD mortality; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: MIDDLE-income countries; Subject Term: LOW-income countries; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/10810730.2014.939313 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98053360&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kraft, Joan Marie AU - Wilkins, Karin Gwinn AU - Morales, Guiliana J. AU - Widyono, Monique AU - Middlestadt, Susan E. T1 - An Evidence Review of Gender-Integrated Interventions in Reproductive and Maternal-Child Health. JO - Journal of Health Communication JF - Journal of Health Communication Y1 - 2014/09/02/Sep2014 Supplement 1 VL - 19 M3 - Article SP - 122 EP - 141 SN - 10810730 AB - Evidence-based behavior change interventions addressing gender dynamics must be identified and disseminated to improve child health outcomes. Interventions were identified from systematic searches of the published literature and a web-based search (Google and implementer's websites). Studies were eligible if an intervention addressed gender dynamics (i.e., norms, unequal access to resources), measured relevant behavioral outcomes (e.g., family planning, antenatal care, nutrition), used at least a moderate evaluation design, and were implemented in low- or middle-income countries. Of the 23 interventions identified, 22 addressed reproductive and maternal-child health behaviors (e.g., birth spacing, antenatal care, breastfeeding) that improve child health. Eight interventions were accommodating (i.e., acknowledged, but did not seek to change gender dynamics), and 15 were transformative (i.e., sought to change gender dynamics). The majority of evaluations (n = 12), including interventions that engaged men and women to modify gender norms, had mixed effects. Evidence was most compelling for empowerment approaches (i.e., participatory action for maternal-child health; increase educational and economic resources, and modify norms to reduce child marriage). Two empowerment approaches had sufficient evidence to warrant scaling-up. Research is needed to assess promising approaches, particularly those that engage men and women to modify gender norms around communication and decision making between spouses. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health Communication is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOCIAL change KW - RESEARCH KW - LITERATURE reviews KW - GENDER inequality KW - REPRODUCTIVE health KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - WOMEN KW - CHILDREN KW - DEVELOPING countries N1 - Accession Number: 98053354; Kraft, Joan Marie 1; Email Address: jik4@cdc.gov Wilkins, Karin Gwinn 2 Morales, Guiliana J. 3 Widyono, Monique 4 Middlestadt, Susan E. 5; Affiliation: 1: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 2: University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 3: Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 4: Bureau for Global Health, U. S. Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 5: Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA; Source Info: Sep2014 Supplement 1, Vol. 19, p122; Subject Term: SOCIAL change; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LITERATURE reviews; Subject Term: GENDER inequality; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: WOMEN; Subject Term: CHILDREN; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/10810730.2014.918216 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98053354&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lin, Amy H. AU - Breger, Tiffany L. AU - Barnhart, Matthew AU - Kim, Ann AU - Vangsgaard, Charlotte AU - Harris, Emily T1 - Learning from the private sector: towards a keener understanding of the end-user for microbicide introduction planning. JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2014/09/02/2014 Supplement 2 VL - 17 IS - Supp 2 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 6 SN - 17582652 AB - Introduction: In planning for the introduction of vaginal microbicides and other new antiretroviral (ARV)-based prevention products for women, an in-depth understanding of potential end-users will be critically important to inform strategies to optimize uptake and long-term adherence. User-centred private sector companies have contributed to the successful launch of many different types of products, employing methods drawn from behavioural and social sciences to shape product designs, marketing messages and communication channels. Examples of how the private sector has adapted and applied these techniques to make decisions around product messaging and targeting may be instructive for adaptation to microbicide introduction. Discussion: In preparing to introduce a product, user-centred private sector companies employ diverse methods to understand the target population and their lifestyles, values and motivations. ReD Associates' observational research on user behaviours in the packaged food and diabetes fields illustrates how 'tag along' or 'shadowing' techniques can identify sources of nonadherence. Another open-ended method is self-documentation, and IDEO's mammography research utilized this to uncover user motivations that extended beyond health. Mapping the user journey is a quantitative approach for outlining critical decisionmaking stages, and Monitor Inclusive Markets applied this framework to identify toilet design opportunities for the rural poor. Through an iterative process, these various techniques can generate hypotheses on user drop-off points, quantify where dropoff is highest and prioritize areas of further research to uncover usage barriers. Although research constraints exist, these types of user-centred techniques have helped create effective messaging, product positioning and packaging of health products as well as family planning information. These methods can be applied to microbicide acceptability testing outside of clinical trials to design microbicide marketing that enhances product usage. Conclusions: The introduction of microbicide products presents an ideal opportunity to draw on the insights from user-centred private sector companies' approaches, which can complement other methods that have been more commonly utilized in microbicide research to date. As microbicides move from clinical trials to real-world implementation, there will be more opportunities to combine a variety of approaches to understand end-users, which can lead to a more effective product launch and ultimately greater impact on preventing HIV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the International AIDS Society is the property of International AIDS Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PRIVATE sector KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - BACTERICIDES KW - MARKETING channels KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - LIFESTYLES KW - adherence KW - end-user KW - HIV KW - introduction planning KW - microbicides KW - prevention KW - user research KW - women N1 - Accession Number: 98472694; Lin, Amy H. 1 Breger, Tiffany L. 2 Barnhart, Matthew 3 Kim, Ann 4 Vangsgaard, Charlotte 5 Harris, Emily 3; Email Address: emharris@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Center for Accelerating Innovation and Impact Washington, DC, USA 2: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health Chapel Hill, NC, USA 3: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of HIV/AIDS Washington, DC, USA 4: IDEO, Boston, MA, USA 5: ReD Associates New York, NY, USA; Source Info: 2014 Supplement 2, Vol. 17 Issue Supp 2, p1; Subject Term: PRIVATE sector; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: BACTERICIDES; Subject Term: MARKETING channels; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: LIFESTYLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: adherence; Author-Supplied Keyword: end-user; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: introduction planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbicides; Author-Supplied Keyword: prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: user research; Author-Supplied Keyword: women; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.7448/IAS.17.3.19162 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98472694&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - CASE AU - Huda, Tanvir AU - Khan, Jahangir A. M. AU - Ahsan, Karar Zunaid AU - Jamil, Kanta AU - Arifeen, Shams El T1 - Monitoring and Evaluating Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2014/09// VL - 11 IS - 9 M3 - Case Study SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - : This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. Tanvir Mahmudul Huda and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Bangladesh. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH insurance KW - HEALTH services accessibility KW - HEALTH services administration KW - MEDICAL policy KW - PUBLIC health KW - BANGLADESH KW - Collection Review KW - Global health KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Public and occupational health N1 - Accession Number: 98609053; Huda, Tanvir 1,2; Email Address: huda.tanvir@gmail.com Khan, Jahangir A. M. 1 Ahsan, Karar Zunaid 3 Jamil, Kanta 4 Arifeen, Shams El 1; Affiliation: 1: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh 2: School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 3: MEASURE Evaluation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America 4: United States Agency for International Development/Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: HEALTH insurance; Subject Term: HEALTH services accessibility; Subject Term: HEALTH services administration; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: BANGLADESH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collection Review; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524111 Direct individual life, health and medical insurance carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524112 Direct group life, health and medical insurance carriers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Case Study L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001722 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98609053&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 109756318 T1 - Monitoring and Evaluating Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh. AU - Huda, Tanvir AU - Khan, Jahangir A M AU - Ahsan, Karar Zunaid AU - Jamil, Kanta AU - Arifeen, Shams El Y1 - 2014/09// N1 - Accession Number: 109756318. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150626. Revision Date: 20150923. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; review. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. NLM UID: 101231360. KW - Health Care Reform -- Standards KW - Surveys -- Standards KW - Insurance, Health -- Standards KW - Bangladesh KW - Health Care Reform -- Trends KW - Health Manpower -- Standards KW - Health Manpower -- Trends KW - Health Personnel KW - Surveys -- Trends KW - Human KW - Insurance, Health -- Trends SP - e1001722 EP - e1001722 JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine JA - PLOS MED VL - 11 IS - 9 CY - San Francisco, California PB - Public Library of Science SN - 1549-1277 AD - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. AD - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh. AD - MEASURE Evaluation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America. AD - United States Agency for International Development/Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. U2 - PMID: 25244599. DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001722 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109756318&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sedegah, Martha AU - Hollingdale, Michael R. AU - Farooq, Fouzia AU - Ganeshan, Harini AU - Belmonte, Maria AU - Kim, Yohan AU - Peters, Bjoern AU - Sette, Alessandro AU - Huang, Jun AU - McGrath, Shannon AU - Abot, Esteban AU - Limbach, Keith AU - Shi, Meng AU - Soisson, Lorraine AU - Diggs, Carter AU - Chuang, Ilin AU - Tamminga, Cindy AU - Epstein, Judith E. AU - Villasante, Eileen AU - Richie, Thomas L. T1 - Sterile Immunity to Malaria after DNA Prime/Adenovirus Boost Immunization Is Associated with Effector Memory CD8+T Cells Targeting AMA1 Class I Epitopes. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/09// VL - 9 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Fifteen volunteers were immunized with three doses of plasmid DNA encoding P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and boosted with human adenovirus-5 (Ad) expressing the same antigens (DNA/Ad). Four volunteers (27%) demonstrated sterile immunity to controlled human malaria infection and, overall, protection was statistically significantly associated with ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ activities to AMA1 but not CSP. DNA priming was required for protection, as 18 additional subjects immunized with Ad alone (AdCA) did not develop sterile protection. Methodology/Principal Findings: We sought to identify correlates of protection, recognizing that DNA-priming may induce different responses than AdCA alone. Among protected volunteers, two and three had higher ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to CSP and AMA1, respectively, than non-protected volunteers. Unexpectedly, non-protected volunteers in the AdCA trial showed ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to AMA1 equal to or higher than the protected volunteers. T cell functionality assessed by intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 likewise did not distinguish protected from non-protected volunteers across both trials. However, three of the four protected volunteers showed higher effector to central memory CD8+ T cell ratios to AMA1, and one of these to CSP, than non-protected volunteers for both antigens. These responses were focused on discrete regions of CSP and AMA1. Class I epitopes restricted by A*03 or B*58 supertypes within these regions of AMA1 strongly recalled responses in three of four protected volunteers. We hypothesize that vaccine-induced effector memory CD8+ T cells recognizing a single class I epitope can confer sterile immunity to P. falciparum in humans. Conclusions/Significance: We suggest that better understanding of which epitopes within malaria antigens can confer sterile immunity and design of vaccine approaches that elicit responses to these epitopes will increase the potency of next generation gene-based vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA KW - VACCINATION KW - IMMUNIZATION KW - CD8 antigen KW - T cells KW - CIRCUMSPOROZOITE protein KW - APICAL membrane antigen 1 KW - PLASMODIUM falciparum KW - Animal cells KW - Antigen processing and recognition KW - Apicomplexa KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Blood cells KW - Cell biology KW - Cell-mediated immunity KW - Cellular types KW - Clinical immunology KW - DNA vaccination KW - Genetics of the immune system KW - Immune cells KW - Immunity KW - Immunology KW - Infectious disease immunology KW - Lymphocytes KW - Major histocompatibility complex KW - Malarial parasites KW - Memory T cells KW - Organisms KW - Parasite groups KW - Parasitic protozoans KW - Plasmodium KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Protozoans KW - Research Article KW - Sporozoites KW - Vaccination and immunization KW - Vaccine development KW - Vaccines KW - White blood cells N1 - Accession Number: 98618942; Sedegah, Martha 1; Email Address: Martha.Sedegah@med.navy.mil Hollingdale, Michael R. 1 Farooq, Fouzia 1 Ganeshan, Harini 1 Belmonte, Maria 1 Kim, Yohan 2 Peters, Bjoern 2 Sette, Alessandro 2 Huang, Jun 1 McGrath, Shannon 1 Abot, Esteban 1 Limbach, Keith 1 Shi, Meng 3 Soisson, Lorraine 4 Diggs, Carter 4 Chuang, Ilin 1 Tamminga, Cindy 1 Epstein, Judith E. 1 Villasante, Eileen 1 Richie, Thomas L. 1; Affiliation: 1: US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America 2: La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America 3: Division of Medical, Audio, Visual, Library and Statistical Services, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America 4: USAID, Washington, DC, United States of America; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 9 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: VACCINATION; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION; Subject Term: CD8 antigen; Subject Term: T cells; Subject Term: CIRCUMSPOROZOITE protein; Subject Term: APICAL membrane antigen 1; Subject Term: PLASMODIUM falciparum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antigen processing and recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apicomplexa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blood cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell-mediated immunity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellular types; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clinical immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA vaccination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetics of the immune system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immune cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious disease immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lymphocytes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Major histocompatibility complex; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malarial parasites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Memory T cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasite groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasitic protozoans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmodium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmodium falciparum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protozoans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sporozoites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccination and immunization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccine development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccines; Author-Supplied Keyword: White blood cells; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106241 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98618942&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sergi, Brian AU - Parker, Rachel AU - Zuckerman, Brian T1 - Support for International Collaboration in Research: The Role of the Overseas Offices of Basic Science Funders. JO - Review of Policy Research JF - Review of Policy Research Y1 - 2014/09// VL - 31 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 430 EP - 453 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 1541132X AB - The internationalization of science has prompted major science funding agencies to seek to further international cooperation in basic research through the use of outposts based outside of the agency's home country. While these offices are all international in scope, the strategies and utilization of these offices vary. This paper begins by outlining the motivations and theoretical framework for international offices, drawing specifically from a proximity theory of relationships. Subsequently the paper presents a typology of activities that fall under the rubric of international engagement in science. We will then critically examine the international offices of four leading basic research funding agencies and attempt to characterize and describe the distinct models that these agencies employ. Building from the models of organization, the paper closes with a discussion of the impacts of these overseas offices as well as other policy implications from the use of different engagement strategies in fostering international collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Review of Policy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COOPERATIVE research KW - SCIENCE & state KW - INTERNATIONAL cooperation KW - SCIENCE KW - RESEARCH -- Finance KW - JAPAN KW - comparative governance KW - developed countries KW - developing countries KW - international collaboration KW - international governance KW - science policy KW - NATIONAL Science Foundation (U.S.) KW - DEUTSCHE Forschungsgemeinschaft KW - RESEARCH Councils UK N1 - Accession Number: 97983349; Sergi, Brian 1 Parker, Rachel 2 Zuckerman, Brian 1; Affiliation: 1: IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute 2: Office of Science and Technology, United States Agency for International Development; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 31 Issue 5, p430; Subject Term: COOPERATIVE research; Subject Term: SCIENCE & state; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL cooperation; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: JAPAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: comparative governance; Author-Supplied Keyword: developed countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: developing countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: international collaboration; Author-Supplied Keyword: international governance; Author-Supplied Keyword: science policy; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Science Foundation (U.S.) Company/Entity: DEUTSCHE Forschungsgemeinschaft Company/Entity: RESEARCH Councils UK; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/ropr.12088 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97983349&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-38913-002 AN - 2014-38913-002 AU - Fox, Elizabeth AU - Obregón, Rafael T1 - Population-level behavior change to enhance child survival and development in low- and middle-income countries. JF - Journal of Health Communication JO - Journal of Health Communication JA - J Health Commun Y1 - 2014/09// VL - 19 IS - Suppl 1 SP - 3 EP - 9 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1081-0730 SN - 1087-0415 AD - Fox, Elizabeth, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC, US, 20004 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-38913-002. PMID: 25207445 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Fox, Elizabeth; Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Global Health Bureau, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20141208. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Editorial. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Behavior Change; Childhood Development; Developing Countries; Marketing; Socioeconomic Status. Minor Descriptor: Social Change. Classification: Developmental Psychology (2800). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100). Page Count: 7. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 2014. AB - Journal of Health Communication is dedicated to the evidence for the effectiveness of behavior and social change in child survival and development. The field of health communication and the use of evidence, in fact, have strong roots in the early applications of mass media and social marketing to programs for vaccines and oral rehydration therapy starting in the 1970s during the first Child Survival Revolution. A review of evidence of the effectiveness of 10 large-scale communication and behavior change programs for child survival conducted in eight developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America between the late 1980s and early 1990s demonstrated substantial success in 9 of the 16 evaluated child survival-related outcomes. This special issue continues this tradition of applying high standards of evidence to the review of health communication and behavior change programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - child survival KW - health communication KW - social marketing KW - middle-income countries KW - social change KW - developing countries KW - 2014 KW - Behavior Change KW - Childhood Development KW - Developing Countries KW - Marketing KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Social Change KW - 2014 DO - 10.1080/10810730.2014.934937 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-38913-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - efox@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-38913-004 AN - 2014-38913-004 AU - Elder, John P. AU - Pequegnat, Willo AU - Ahmed, Saifuddin AU - Bachman, Gretchen AU - Bullock, Merry AU - Carlo, Waldemar A. AU - Chandra-Mouli, Venkatraman AU - Fox, Nathan A. AU - Harkness, Sara AU - Huebner, Gillian AU - Lombardi, Joan AU - Murry, Velma McBride AU - Moran, Allisyn AU - Norton, Maureen AU - Mulik, Jennifer AU - Parks, Will AU - Raikes, Helen H. AU - Smyser, Joseph AU - Sugg, Caroline AU - Sweat, Michael T1 - Caregiver behavior change for child survival and development in low- and middle-income countries: An examination of the evidence. JF - Journal of Health Communication JO - Journal of Health Communication JA - J Health Commun Y1 - 2014/09// VL - 19 IS - Suppl 1 SP - 25 EP - 66 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1081-0730 SN - 1087-0415 AD - Pequegnat, Willo, International AIDS Prevention Research, National Institutes of Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 6219, MSC 9619, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-38913-004. PMID: 25207447 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Elder, John P.; Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, US. Release Date: 20141208. Correction Date: 20150105. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Birth; Caregivers; Childhood Development; Death and Dying; Mortality Rate. Minor Descriptor: Behavior Change. Classification: Cognitive & Perceptual Development (2820). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Methodology: Literature Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 42. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 2014. Copyright Statement: John P. Elder, Willo Pequegnat, Saifuddin Ahmed, Gretchen Bachman, Merry Bullock, Waldemar A. Carlo, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli, Nathan A. Fox, Sara Harkness, Gillian Huebner, Joan Lombardi, Velma McBride Murry, Allisyn Moran, Maureen Norton, Jennifer Mulik, Will Parks, Helen H. Raikes, Joseph Smyser, Caroline Sugg, and Michael Sweat AB - [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 19(12) of Journal of Health Communication (see record [rid]2014-55420-017[/rid]). In the original article, an author was not included in the list of authors. The author’s name and affiliation are present in the erratum.] In June of 2012, representatives from more than 80 countries promulgated a Child Survival Call to Action, which called for reducing child mortality to 20 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births in every country by 2035. To address the problem of ending preventable child deaths, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations Children's Fund convened, on June 3–4, 2013, an Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. Six evidence review teams were established on different topics related to child survival and healthy development to identify the relevant evidence-based interventions and to prepare reports. This article was developed by the evidence review team responsible for identifying the research literature on caregiver change for child survival and development. This article is organized into childhood developmental periods and cross-cutting issues that affect child survival and healthy early development across all these periods. On the basis of this review, the authors present evidence-based recommendations for programs focused on caregivers to increase child survival and promote healthy development. Last, promising directions for future research to change caregivers' behaviors are given. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - caregiver behavior change KW - child survival KW - child development KW - low middle income countries KW - 2014 KW - Birth KW - Caregivers KW - Childhood Development KW - Death and Dying KW - Mortality Rate KW - Behavior Change KW - 2014 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1080/10810730.2014.940477 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-38913-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - wpequegn@mail.nih.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-38913-005 AN - 2014-38913-005 AU - Farnsworth, S. Katherine AU - Böse, Kirsten AU - Fajobi, Olaoluwa AU - Souza, Patricia Portela AU - Peniston, Anne AU - Davidson, Leslie L. AU - Griffiths, Marcia AU - Hodgins, Stephen T1 - Community engagement to enhance child survival and early development in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence review. JF - Journal of Health Communication JO - Journal of Health Communication JA - J Health Commun Y1 - 2014/09// VL - 19 IS - Suppl 1 SP - 67 EP - 88 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1081-0730 SN - 1087-0415 AD - Farnsworth, S. Katherine, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, US, 20004 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-38913-005. PMID: 25207448 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Farnsworth, S. Katherine; U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20141208. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Farnsworth, S. Katherine. Major Descriptor: Behavior Change; Community Services; Death and Dying; Social Change; Socioeconomic Status. Minor Descriptor: Communities; Developing Countries. Classification: Community & Social Services (3373). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100). Methodology: Literature Review. Page Count: 22. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 2014. AB - As part of a broader evidence summit, USAID and UNICEF convened a literature review of effective means to empower communities to achieve behavioral and social changes to accelerate reductions in under-5 mortality and optimize early child development. The authors conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of community mobilization and participation that led to behavioral change and one or more of the following: child health, survival, and development. The level and nature of community engagement was categorized using two internationally recognized models and only studies where the methods of community participation could be categorized as collaborative or shared leadership were eligible for analysis. The authors identified 34 documents from 18 countries that met the eligibility criteria. Studies with shared leadership typically used a comprehensive community action cycle, whereas studies characterized as collaborative showed clear emphasis on collective action but did not undergo an initial process of community dialogue. The review concluded that programs working collaboratively or achieving shared leadership with a community can lead to behavior change and cost-effective sustained transformation to improve critical health behaviors and reduce poor health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, community engagement is an understudied component of improving child outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - community engagement KW - shared leadership KW - middle-income countries KW - community mobilization KW - child health KW - 2014 KW - Behavior Change KW - Community Services KW - Death and Dying KW - Social Change KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Communities KW - Developing Countries KW - 2014 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: Farnsworth, S. Katherine; Peniston, Anne U1 - Sponsor: UNICEF, US. Recipients: Souza, Patricia Portela DO - 10.1080/10810730.2014.941519 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-38913-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - sfarnsworth@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Storey, Douglas AU - Seifert-Ahanda, Kim AU - Andaluz, Adriana AU - Tsoi, Benjamin AU - Matsuki, Jennifer Medina AU - Cutler, Blayne T1 - What Is Health Communication and How Does It Affect the HIV/AIDS Continuum of Care? A Brief Primer and Case Study From New York City. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2014/08/16/8/15/2014 Supplement 3 VL - 66 M3 - Article SP - S241 EP - S249 SN - 15254135 AB - This article responds to key questions related to health communication that are commonly asked in the HIV/AIDS arena: “What is health communication?”; “What is its role beyond HIV prevention?”; and “How can it be used to achieve better HIV/AIDS outcomes?” We review how communication scientists think about their own discipline and build on a basic definition of communication as a fundamental human process without which most individual, group, organizational, and societal activities could not happen, including how people think about and respond to health issues such as HIV and AIDS. Diverse factors and processes that drive human behavior are reviewed, including the concept of ideation (what people know, think, and feel about particular behaviors) and the influence of communication at multiple levels of a social ecological system. Four main functions of communication—information seeking and delivery, persuasion, social connection and structural/cultural expression and maintenance—are linked to a modified version of the Department of Health and Human Services Continuum of Care and are used to conceptualize ways in which communication can achieve better HIV/AIDS outcomes. The article provides examples of how communication complements other types of interventions across the HIV/AIDS continuum of care and has effects on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, social norms, risk perceptions, service delivery quality, and behavioral decisions that affect if and when the virus is transmitted, when and where testing and care are sought, and how well adherence to antiretroviral therapy is maintained. We illustrate this approach with a case study of HIV/AIDS communication conducted by the New York City Health Department during 2005-2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - behavior change KW - communication KW - continuum of care KW - health communication KW - HIV prevention KW - ideation N1 - Accession Number: 111805774; Storey, Douglas 1 Seifert-Ahanda, Kim 1 Andaluz, Adriana 1 Tsoi, Benjamin 1 Matsuki, Jennifer Medina 1 Cutler, Blayne 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ Center for Communication Programs, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; † Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; and ‡ Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, New York City, NY.; Source Info: 8/15/2014 Supplement 3, Vol. 66, pS241; Author-Supplied Keyword: behavior change; Author-Supplied Keyword: communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: continuum of care; Author-Supplied Keyword: health communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: ideation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7079 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000243 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111805774&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lettenmaier, Cheryl AU - Kraft, Joan Marie AU - Raisanen, Keris AU - Serlemitsos, Elizabeth T1 - HIV Communication Capacity Strengthening. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2014/08/16/8/15/2014 Supplement 3 VL - 66 M3 - Article SP - S300 EP - S305 SN - 15254135 AB - HIV communication is most effective and sustainable when it is designed and implemented locally and tailored to the local context. This requires capacity strengthening at national, subnational, and community levels. Through a review of the published and selected “grey” literature, we examine HIV communication capacity strengthening: definitions, measurements, implementation, and effects. We found limited documentation of HIV communication capacity needs or systematic approaches to address them. Most HIV communication capacity strengthening to date has focused on building individual competencies to design and manage social and behavior change communication programs through training courses, often coupled with networking opportunities for participants, post-training mentoring, and technical assistance. A few of these efforts have been evaluated through pre- and post-training tests and qualitative interviews with participants and have shown potential for improvement in individual skills and knowledge. Health communication capacity assessment tools that measure individual and organizational competencies exist, but they have most often been used to identify capacity building needs, not for evaluating capacity strengthening efforts. A new definition of capacity strengthening, grown out of recent efforts to improve effectiveness of international health and development programs, focuses on improving organizational and societal systems that support performance and individual competencies. We propose a holistic model for HIV communication capacity strengthening and call for rigorous documentation and evaluation to determine and scale-up optimal capacity building interventions for strengthening social and behavior change communication for HIV prevention, care, and treatment in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - capacity building KW - capacity strengthening KW - health communication KW - HIV/AIDS KW - social and behavior change communication KW - strategic communication N1 - Accession Number: 111805781; Lettenmaier, Cheryl 1 Kraft, Joan Marie 1 Raisanen, Keris 1 Serlemitsos, Elizabeth 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD; and † United States Agency for International Development, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Washington, DC.; Source Info: 8/15/2014 Supplement 3, Vol. 66, pS300; Author-Supplied Keyword: capacity building; Author-Supplied Keyword: capacity strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: health communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV/AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: social and behavior change communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: strategic communication; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4889 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000238 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111805781&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mason, Elizabeth AU - McDougall, Lori AU - Lawn, Joy E. AU - Gupta, Anuradha AU - Claeson, Mariam AU - Pillay, Yogan AU - Presern, Carole AU - Baye Lukong, Martina AU - Mann, Gillian AU - Wijnroks, Marijke AU - Azad, Kishwar AU - Taylor, Katherine AU - Beattie, Allison AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. AU - Chopra, Mickey T1 - From evidence to action to deliver a healthy start for the next generation. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2014/08/02/ VL - 384 IS - 9941 M3 - Article SP - 455 EP - 467 SN - 00995355 AB - Remarkable progress has been made towards halving of maternal deaths and deaths of children aged 1-59 months, although the task is incomplete. Newborn deaths and stillbirths were largely invisible in the Millennium Development Goals, and have continued to fall between maternal and child health efforts, with much slower reduction. This Series and the Every Newborn Action Plan outline mortality goals for newborn babies (ten or fewer per 1000 livebirths) and stillbirths (ten or fewer per 1000 total births) by 2035, aligning with A Promise Renewed target for children and the vision of Every Woman Every Child. To focus political attention and improve performance, goals for newborn babies and stillbirths must be recognised in the post-2015 framework, with corresponding accountability mechanisms. The four previous papers in this Every Newborn Series show the potential for a triple return on investment around the time of birth: averting maternal and newborn deaths and preventing stillbirths. Beyond survival, being counted and optimum nutrition and development is a human right for all children, including those with disabilities. Improved human capital brings economic productivity. Efforts to reach every woman and every newborn baby, close gaps in coverage, and improve equity and quality for antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care, especially in the poorest countries and for underserved populations, need urgent attention. We have prioritised what needs to be done differently on the basis of learning from the past decade about what has worked, and what has not. Needed now are four most important shifts: (1) intensification of political attention and leadership; (2) promotion of parent voice, supporting women, families, and communities to speak up for their newborn babies and to challenge social norms that accept these deaths as inevitable; (3) investment for effect on mortality outcome as well as harmonisation of funding; (4) implementation at scale, with particular attention to increasing of health worker numbers and skills with attention to high-quality childbirth care for newborn babies as well as mothers and children; and (5) evaluation, tracking coverage of priority interventions and packages of care with clear accountability to accelerate progress and reach the poorest groups. The Every Newborn Action Plan provides an evidence-based roadmap towards care for every woman, and a healthy start for every newborn baby, with a right to be counted, survive, and thrive wherever they are born. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Lancet is the property of Lancet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NEWBORN infants -- Death KW - PREVENTION KW - INFANT health services KW - RESEARCH KW - STILLBIRTH KW - MATERNAL health services KW - PUBLIC health research N1 - Accession Number: 97331018; Mason, Elizabeth 1; Email Address: masone@who.int McDougall, Lori 2 Lawn, Joy E. 3,4 Gupta, Anuradha 5 Claeson, Mariam 6 Pillay, Yogan 7 Presern, Carole 2 Baye Lukong, Martina 8 Mann, Gillian 9 Wijnroks, Marijke 10 Azad, Kishwar 11 Taylor, Katherine 12 Beattie, Allison 9 Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. 13,14 Chopra, Mickey 15; Affiliation: 1: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 2: The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland 3: MARCH, London School o f Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 4: Saving Newborn Lives, Save the Children, Cape Town , South Africa 5: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India 6: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA 7: Department of Health, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa 8: Ministry of Public Health, Government of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon 9: Department for International Development, London, UK 10: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland 11: Perinatal Care Project, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh 12: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 13: Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan 14: Center for Global Child Health Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada 15: UNICEF, New York, NY, USA; Source Info: 8/2/2014, Vol. 384 Issue 9941, p455; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants -- Death; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: INFANT health services; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STILLBIRTH; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: PUBLIC health research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60750-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97331018&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107869027 T1 - From evidence to action to deliver a healthy start for the next generation. AU - Mason, Elizabeth AU - McDougall, Lori AU - Lawn, Joy E AU - Gupta, Anuradha AU - Claeson, Mariam AU - Pillay, Yogan AU - Presern, Carole AU - Lukong, Martina Baye AU - Mann, Gillian AU - Wijnroks, Marijke AU - Azad, Kishwar AU - Taylor, Katherine AU - Beattie, Allison AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A AU - Chopra, Mickey Y1 - 2014/08/02/ N1 - Accession Number: 107869027. Corporate Author: Lancet Every Newborn Study Group. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140829. Revision Date: 20161125. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Grant Information: 085417//Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Infant Mortality -- Trends KW - Maternal Mortality -- Trends KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Perinatal Death -- Prevention and Control KW - Health and Welfare Planning KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Preventive Health Care -- Methods KW - World Health SP - 455 EP - 467 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 384 North American Edition IS - 9941 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet AB - Remarkable progress has been made towards halving of maternal deaths and deaths of children aged 1-59 months, although the task is incomplete. Newborn deaths and stillbirths were largely invisible in the Millennium Development Goals, and have continued to fall between maternal and child health efforts, with much slower reduction. This Series and the Every Newborn Action Plan outline mortality goals for newborn babies (ten or fewer per 1000 livebirths) and stillbirths (ten or fewer per 1000 total births) by 2035, aligning with A Promise Renewed target for children and the vision of Every Woman Every Child. To focus political attention and improve performance, goals for newborn babies and stillbirths must be recognised in the post-2015 framework, with corresponding accountability mechanisms. The four previous papers in this Every Newborn Series show the potential for a triple return on investment around the time of birth: averting maternal and newborn deaths and preventing stillbirths. Beyond survival, being counted and optimum nutrition and development is a human right for all children, including those with disabilities. Improved human capital brings economic productivity. Efforts to reach every woman and every newborn baby, close gaps in coverage, and improve equity and quality for antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care, especially in the poorest countries and for underserved populations, need urgent attention. We have prioritised what needs to be done differently on the basis of learning from the past decade about what has worked, and what has not. Needed now are four most important shifts: (1) intensification of political attention and leadership; (2) promotion of parent voice, supporting women, families, and communities to speak up for their newborn babies and to challenge social norms that accept these deaths as inevitable; (3) investment for effect on mortality outcome as well as harmonisation of funding; (4) implementation at scale, with particular attention to increasing of health worker numbers and skills with attention to high-quality childbirth care for newborn babies as well as mothers and children; and (5) evaluation, tracking coverage of priority interventions and packages of care with clear accountability to accelerate progress and reach the poorest groups. The Every Newborn Action Plan provides an evidence-based roadmap towards care for every woman, and a healthy start for every newborn baby, with a right to be counted, survive, and thrive wherever they are born. SN - 0099-5355 AD - World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: masone@who.int. AD - The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland. AD - MARCH, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Saving Newborn Lives, Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa; Research and Evidence Division, Department for International Development, London, UK. AD - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India. AD - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. AD - Department of Health, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. AD - Ministry of Public Health, Government of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon. AD - Research and Evidence Division, Department for International Development, London, UK. AD - The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. AD - Perinatal Care Project, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA. AD - Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Center for Global Child Health Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. AD - UNICEF, New York, NY, USA. U2 - PMID: 24853599. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60750-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107869027&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beniston, Joshua AU - DuPont, S. AU - Glover, Jerry AU - Lal, Rattan AU - Dungait, Jennifer T1 - Soil organic carbon dynamics 75 years after land-use change in perennial grassland and annual wheat agricultural systems. JO - Biogeochemistry JF - Biogeochemistry Y1 - 2014/08// VL - 120 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 37 EP - 49 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 01682563 AB - The dynamics of roots and soil organic carbon (SOC) in deeper soil layers are amongst the least well understood components of the global C cycle, but essential if soil C is to be managed effectively. This study utilized a unique set of land-use pairings of harvested tallgrass prairie grasslands (C) and annual wheat croplands (C) that were under continuous management for 75 years to investigate and compare the storage, turnover and allocation of SOC in the two systems to 1 m depth. Cropland soils contained 25 % less SOC than grassland soils (115 and 153 Mg C ha, respectively) to 1 m depth, and had lower SOC contents in all particle size fractions (2000-250, 250-53, 53-2 and <2 μm), which nominally correspond to SOC pools with different stability. Soil bulk δC values also indicated the significant turnover of grassland-derived SOC up to 80 cm depth in cropland soils in all fractions, including deeper (>40 cm) layers and mineral-associated (<53 μm) SOC. Grassland soils had significantly more visible root biomass C than cropland soils (3.2 and 0.6 Mg ha, respectively) and microbial biomass C (3.7 and 1.3 Mg ha, respectively) up to 1 m depth. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that: (i) SOC pools that are perceived to be stable, i.e. subsoil and mineral-associated SOC, are affected by land-use change; and, (ii) managed perennial grasslands contained larger SOC stocks and exhibited much larger C allocations to root and microbial pools than annual croplands throughout the soil profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Biogeochemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CARBON in soils KW - LAND use KW - GRASSLANDS KW - WHEAT -- Yields KW - AGRICULTURAL systems KW - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry) KW - Deep-rooting perennial KW - Soil carbon turnover KW - Soil organic carbon KW - Soil particle size fractionation KW - Subsoil KW - Tallgrass prairie grassland N1 - Accession Number: 97132454; Beniston, Joshua; Email Address: beniston@nmsu.edu DuPont, S. 1 Glover, Jerry 2 Lal, Rattan 3 Dungait, Jennifer 4; Affiliation: 1: Penn State Extension, The Pennsylvania State University, Nazareth 18064 USA 2: Bureau for Food Security, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington 20523 USA 3: Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210 USA 4: Department of Sustainable Systems and Grassland Science, Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Okehampton Devon UK; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 120 Issue 1-3, p37; Subject Term: CARBON in soils; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: GRASSLANDS; Subject Term: WHEAT -- Yields; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL systems; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep-rooting perennial; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil carbon turnover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil organic carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil particle size fractionation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subsoil; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tallgrass prairie grassland; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10533-014-9980-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97132454&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - DuPont, S. AU - Beniston, J. AU - Glover, J. AU - Hodson, A. AU - Culman, S. AU - Lal, R. AU - Ferris, H. T1 - Root traits and soil properties in harvested perennial grassland, annual wheat, and never-tilled annual wheat. JO - Plant & Soil JF - Plant & Soil Y1 - 2014/08// VL - 381 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 405 EP - 420 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 0032079X AB - Background and aims: Root functional traits are determinants of soil carbon storage; plant productivity; and ecosystem properties. However, few studies look at both annual and perennial roots, soil properties, and productivity in the context of field scale agricultural systems. Methods: In Long Term and Conversion studies in North Central Kansas, USA; root biomass and length, soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass, nematode and micro-arthropod communities were measured to a depth of one meter in paired perennial grassland and cropland wheat sites as well as a grassland site that had been converted to cropland using no tillage five years prior. Results: In the Long Term Study root biomass was three to seven times greater (9.4 Mg ha and 2.5 Mg ha in May), and root length two times greater (52.5 km m2 and 24.0 km m in May) in perennial grassland than in cropland. Soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were larger, numbers of Orbatid mites greater (2084 vs 730 mites m), and nematode communities more structured (Structure Index 67 vs 59) in perennial grassland versus annual cropland. Improved soil physical and biological properties in perennial grasslands were significantly correlated with larger, deeper root systems. In the Conversion Study root length and biomass, microbial biomass carbon, mite abundance and nematode community structure differed at some but not all dates and depths. Isotope analysis showed that five years after no-till conversion old perennial roots remained in soils of annual wheat fields and that all soil fractions except coarse particulate organic matter were derived from C plants. Conclusions: Significant correlation between larger, longer roots in grasslands compared to annual croplands and improved soil biological, physical and chemical properties suggest that perennial roots are an important factor allowing perennial grasslands to maintain productivity and soil quality with few inputs. Perennial roots may persist and continue to influence soil properties long after conversion to annual systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Plant & Soil is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Roots (Botany) KW - Carbon in soils KW - Plant biomass KW - Sustainable agriculture KW - Wheat -- Varieties KW - Plant productivity KW - 13C natural abundance KW - Perennial grassland KW - Root biomass KW - Root length KW - Soil carbon KW - Soil food web N1 - Accession Number: 97029833; DuPont, S. 1; Email Address: tdupont@psu.edu; Beniston, J. 2; Glover, J. 3; Hodson, A. 4; Culman, S. 4; Lal, R. 2; Ferris, H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Penn State Extension, The Pennsylvania State University, 14 Gracedale Ave Nazareth 18064 USA; 2: Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43221 USA; 3: Bureau for Food Security, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC 20523 USA; 4: Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, Davis 95616 USA; 5: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis 95616 USA; Issue Info: Aug2014, Vol. 381 Issue 1/2, p405; Thesaurus Term: Roots (Botany); Thesaurus Term: Carbon in soils; Thesaurus Term: Plant biomass; Thesaurus Term: Sustainable agriculture; Subject Term: Wheat -- Varieties; Subject Term: Plant productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: 13C natural abundance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perennial grassland; Author-Supplied Keyword: Root biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Root length; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil food web; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s11104-014-2145-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=97029833&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Darmstadt, Gary L. AU - Kinney, Mary V. AU - Chopra, Mickey AU - Cousens, Simon AU - Kak, Lily AU - Paul, Vinod K. AU - Martines, Jose AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. AU - Lawn, Joy E. T1 - Who has been caring for the baby? JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2014/07/12/ VL - 384 IS - 9938 M3 - Article SP - 174 EP - 188 SN - 00995355 AB - The article explores the changes and development in newborn care. It assesses progress based on the systematic policy heuristic including formulation and adoption of the policy, agenda-setting, and evaluation of effect. It also cites the burden and potential for rapid change across the continuum of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition (RMNCH). KW - NEWBORN infants KW - MEDICAL care KW - MEDICAL care -- Quality control KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - NEWBORN infants -- Care KW - CHILD nutrition N1 - Accession Number: 97045903; Darmstadt, Gary L. 1; Email Address: Gary.Darmstadt@GatesFoundation.org Kinney, Mary V. 2 Chopra, Mickey 3 Cousens, Simon 4,5 Kak, Lily 6 Paul, Vinod K. 7 Martines, Jose 8,9 Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. 10,11 Lawn, Joy E. 2,4,5,12; Affiliation: 1: Global Development Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. 2: Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa. 3: UNICEF, New York, NY. 4: Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. 5: Centre for Maternal Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. 6: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA. 7: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. 8: Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. 9: Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 10: Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. 11: Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. 12: Research and Evidence Division, Department for International Development, London, UK.; Source Info: 7/12/2014, Vol. 384 Issue 9938, p174; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Quality control; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants -- Care; Subject Term: CHILD nutrition; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60458-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97045903&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107864094 T1 - Who has been caring for the baby? AU - Darmstadt, Gary L AU - Kinney, Mary V AU - Chopra, Mickey AU - Cousens, Simon AU - Kak, Lily AU - Paul, Vinod K AU - Martines, Jose AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A AU - Lawn, Joy E Y1 - 2014/07/12/ N1 - Accession Number: 107864094. Corporate Author: Lancet Every Newborn Study Group. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140829. Revision Date: 20161125. Publication Type: journal article; review. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Grant Information: 001//World Health Organization/International. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Infant Care -- Administration KW - Health Policy KW - Infant KW - Infant Care -- Standards KW - Infant Care -- Trends KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Interprofessional Relations KW - Leadership KW - Patient Care Plans KW - Childbirth, Premature -- Mortality KW - Childbirth, Premature -- Therapy SP - 174 EP - 188 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 384 North American Edition IS - 9938 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet AB - Nearly a decade ago, The Lancet published the Neonatal Survival Series, with an ambitious call for integration of newborn care across the continuum of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition (RMNCH). In this first of five papers in the Every Newborn Series, we consider what has changed during this decade, assessing progress on the basis of a systematic policy heuristic including agenda-setting, policy formulation and adoption, leadership and partnership, implementation, and evaluation of effect. Substantial progress has been made in agenda setting and policy formulation for newborn health, as witnessed by the shift from maternal and child health to maternal, newborn, and child health as a standard. However, investment and large-scale implementation have been disappointingly small, especially in view of the size of the burden and potential for rapid change and synergies throughout the RMNCH continuum. Moreover, stillbirths remain invisible on the global health agenda. Hence that progress in improvement of newborn survival and reduction of stillbirths lags behind that of maternal mortality and deaths for children aged 1-59 months is not surprising. Faster progress is possible, but with several requirements: clear communication of the interventions with the greatest effect and how to overcome bottlenecks for scale-up; national leadership, and technical capacity to integrate and implement these interventions; global coordination of partners, especially within countries, in provision of technical assistance and increased funding; increased domestic investment in newborn health, and access to specific commodities and equipment where needed; better data to monitor progress, with local data used for programme improvement; and accountability for results at all levels, including demand from communities and mortality targets in the post-2015 framework. Who will step up during the next decade to ensure decision making in countries leads to implementation of stillbirth and newborn health interventions within RMNCH programmes? SN - 0099-5355 AD - Global Development Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: Gary.Darmstadt@GatesFoundation.org. AD - Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa. AD - UNICEF, New York, NY. AD - Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for Maternal Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA. AD - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. AD - Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. AD - Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. AD - Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for Maternal Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Research and Evidence Division, Department for International Development, London, UK. U2 - PMID: 24853603. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60458-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107864094&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ikram, Mohammad S. AU - Powell, Clydette L. AU - Bano, Rashida A. AU - Quddus, Arshad D. AU - Shah, Syad K. AU - Ogden, Ellyn L. AU - Butt, Waqar R. AU - Moideen, Mohd Arshil T1 - Communicable disease control in Afghanistan. JO - Global Public Health JF - Global Public Health Y1 - 2014/07/02/Jul2014 Supplement VL - 9 M3 - Article SP - S43 EP - S57 SN - 17441692 AB - Among public health challenges in Afghanistan, communicable diseases still predominate because the epidemiologic transition to chronic disease has not yet occurred. Afghanistan's 10-year journey to improve its response to communicable disease is reflected in varying degrees of progress and innovation, all while long-standing conflict and geographic inaccessibility limit outreach and effective service delivery to vulnerable populations. Although Afghanistan is close to achieving polio elimination, other reportable communicable diseases are only slowly achieving their goals and objectives through targeted, sustained programmatic efforts. The introduction of disease early warning systems has allowed for identification and investigation of outbreaks within 48 hours. Tuberculosis case detection has risen over the last 10 years, and treatment success rates have been sustained at World Health Organization targets over the last 5 years at 85%. These successes are in large part due to increased government commitment, Global Fund support, training of community health workers and improved laboratory capabilities. Malaria cases dropped between 2002 and 2010. HIV/AIDS has been kept at low levels except in only certain sub-sectors of the population. In order to build on these achievements, Afghanistan will need a comprehensive strategy for all communicable diseases, with better human and infrastructure development, better multi-sectoral development and international collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Global Public Health is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PUBLIC health surveillance KW - METHODOLOGY KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Prevention KW - INTERVIEWING KW - MALARIA KW - POLIO KW - STATISTICS KW - TUBERCULOSIS KW - DATA analysis KW - AFGHANISTAN KW - malaria KW - pneumonia KW - polio KW - surveillance KW - tuberculosis N1 - Accession Number: 97110135; Ikram, Mohammad S. 1 Powell, Clydette L. 2 Bano, Rashida A. 3 Quddus, Arshad D. 3 Shah, Syad K. 3 Ogden, Ellyn L. 4 Butt, Waqar R. 3 Moideen, Mohd Arshil 5; Affiliation: 1: Office of Social Sector, USAID/Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan 2: Bureau for Global Health, USAID/Washington, Washington, DC, USA 3: Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, World Health Organization, Kabul, Afghanistan 4: Worldwide Polio Eradication, USAID/Washington, Washington, DC, USA 5: Malaysian Armed Forces, Health Services Division, Bamiyan, Afghanistan; Source Info: Jul2014 Supplement, Vol. 9, pS43; Subject Term: PUBLIC health surveillance; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Prevention; Subject Term: INTERVIEWING; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: POLIO; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: AFGHANISTAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: pneumonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: polio; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: tuberculosis; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/17441692.2013.826708 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97110135&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103977955 T1 - Communicable disease control in Afghanistan. AU - Ikram, Mohammad S. AU - Powell, Clydette L. AU - Bano, Rashida A. AU - Quddus, Arshad D. AU - Shah, Syad K. AU - Ogden, Ellyn L. AU - Butt, Waqar R. AU - Moideen, Mohd Arshil Y1 - 2014/07/02/Jul2014 Supplement N1 - Accession Number: 103977955. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140722. Revision Date: 20151224. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; statistics; tables/charts. Supplement Title: Jul2014 Supplement. Journal Subset: Europe; Public Health; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 101256323. KW - Infection Control -- Evaluation -- Afghanistan KW - Disease Surveillance -- Methods KW - Afghanistan KW - Human KW - Data Analysis, Statistical KW - Interviews KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome KW - Malaria KW - Tuberculosis KW - Poliomyelitis SP - S43 EP - 57 JO - Global Public Health JF - Global Public Health JA - GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 9 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge SN - 1744-1692 AD - Office of Social Sector, USAID/Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan AD - Bureau for Global Health, USAID/Washington, Washington, DC, USA AD - Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, World Health Organization, Kabul, Afghanistan AD - Worldwide Polio Eradication, USAID/Washington, Washington, DC, USA AD - Malaysian Armed Forces, Health Services Division, Bamiyan, Afghanistan U2 - PMID: 24028403. DO - 10.1080/17441692.2013.826708 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103977955&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pomeroy, Amanda M AU - Koblinsky, Marge AU - Alva, Soumya T1 - Who gives birth in private facilities in Asia? A look at six countries. JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning Y1 - 2014/07/02/ VL - 29 IS - suppl_1 M3 - Article SP - i38 EP - i47 SN - 02681080 AB - Over the past two decades, multilateral organizations have encouraged increased engagement with private healthcare providers in developing countries. As these efforts progress, there are concerns regarding how private delivery care may effect maternal health outcomes. Currently available data do not allow for an in-depth study of the direct effect of increasing private sector use on maternal health across countries. As a first step, however, we use demographic and health surveys (DHS) data to (1) examine trends in growth of delivery care provided by private facilities and (2) describe who is using the private sector within the healthcare system. As Asia has shown strong increases in institutional coverage of delivery care in the last decade, we will examine trends in six Asian countries. We hypothesize that if the private sector competes for clients based on perceived quality, their clientele will be wealthier, more educated and live in an area where there are enough health facilities to allow for competition. We test this hypothesis by examining factors of socio-demographic, economic and physical access and actual/perceived need related to a mother’s choice to deliver in a health facility and then, among women delivering in a facility, their use of a private provider. Results show a significant trend towards greater use of private sector delivery care over the last decade. Wealth and education are related to private sector delivery care in about half of our countries, but are not as universally related to use as we would expect. A previous private facility birth predicted repeat private facility use across nearly all countries. In two countries (Cambodia and India), primiparity also predicted private facility use. More in-depth work is needed to truly understand the behaviour of the private sector in these countries; these results warn against making generalizations about private sector delivery care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH care industry KW - PRIVATE sector KW - BIRTHING centers KW - HEALTH surveys KW - ASIA KW - REPRODUCTIVE health services KW - Asia KW - delivery care KW - Maternal health KW - private sector N1 - Accession Number: 97038139; Pomeroy, Amanda M 1; Koblinsky, Marge 1; Alva, Soumya 1; Affiliations: 1: John Snow Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA and John Snow Inc., 1616 N. Fort Myer Dr, 16th Floor, Arlington, VA 22209; Issue Info: Jul2014, Vol. 29 Issue suppl_1, pi38; Thesaurus Term: HEALTH care industry; Thesaurus Term: PRIVATE sector; Subject Term: BIRTHING centers; Subject Term: HEALTH surveys; Subject Term: ASIA; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: delivery care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health; Author-Supplied Keyword: private sector; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=97038139&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Gold, Elizabeth AU - Mahler, Hally AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Seifert-Ahanda, Kim AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Mavhu, Webster AU - Mugurungi, Owen AU - Ncube, Gertrude AU - Koshuma, Sifuni AU - Sgaier, Sema K. AU - Conly, Shanti R. AU - Kasedde, Susan T1 - Lessons Learned From Scale-Up of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Focusing on Adolescents. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2014/07/02/7/1/2014 Supplement 2 VL - 66 M3 - Article SP - S193 EP - S199 SN - 15254135 AB - By December 2013, it was estimated that close to 6 million men had been circumcised in the 14 priority countries for scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), the majority being adolescents (10-19 years). This article discusses why efforts to scale up VMMC should prioritize adolescent men, drawing from new evidence and experiences at the international, country, and service delivery levels. Furthermore, we review the extent to which VMMC programs have reached adolescents, addressed their specific needs, and can be linked to their sexual and reproductive health and other key services.In priority countries, adolescents represent 34%-55% of the target population to be circumcised, whereas program data from these countries show that adolescents represent between 35% and 74% of the circumcised men. VMMC for adolescents has several advantages: uptake of services among adolescents is culturally and socially more acceptable than for adults; there are fewer barriers regarding sexual abstinence during healing or female partner pressures; VMMC performed before the age of sexual debut has maximum long-term impact on reducing HIV risk at the individual level and consequently reduces the risk of transmission in the population. Offered as a comprehensive package, adolescent VMMC can potentially increase public health benefits and offers opportunities for addressing gender norms. Additional research is needed to assess whether current VMMC services address the specific needs of adolescent clients, to test adapted tools, and to assess linkages between VMMC and other adolescent-focused HIV, health, and social services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - adolescent KW - circumcision KW - health KW - HIV N1 - Accession Number: 111805845; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 1 Hatzold, Karin 1 Gold, Elizabeth 1 Mahler, Hally 1 Kripke, Katharine 1 Seifert-Ahanda, Kim 1 Castor, Delivette 1 Mavhu, Webster 1 Mugurungi, Owen 1 Ncube, Gertrude 1 Koshuma, Sifuni 1 Sgaier, Sema K. 1 Conly, Shanti R. 1 Kasedde, Susan 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ USAID Washington/Global Health Bureau/Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; † Population Services International, Harare, Zimbabwe; ‡ Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD; § Jhpiego-Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; ‖ Futures Institute, Washington, DC; ¶ Centre for Sexual Health & HIV/AIDS Research (CeSHHAR), Harare, Zimbabwe; # Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe; ∗∗ Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Iringa Region, Tanzania; †† Integrated Delivery, Global Development Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA; ‡‡ Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and §§ United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York, NY.; Source Info: 7/1/2014 Supplement 2, Vol. 66, pS193; Author-Supplied Keyword: adolescent; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumcision; Author-Supplied Keyword: health; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4833 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000179 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111805845&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nguyen, Thuong T. AU - McKinney, Barbara AU - Pierson, Antoine AU - Luong, Khue N. AU - Hoang, Quynh T. AU - Meharwal, Sandeep AU - Carvalho, Humberto M. AU - Nguyen, Cuong Q. AU - Nguyen, Kim T. AU - Bond, Kyle B. T1 - SLIPTA e-Tool improves laboratory audit process in Vietnam and Cambodia. JO - African Journal of Laboratory Medicine JF - African Journal of Laboratory Medicine Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 3 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 5 SN - 22252002 AB - Background: The Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) checklist is used worldwide to drive quality improvement in laboratories in developing countries and to assess the effectiveness of interventions such as the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme. However, the paperbased format of the checklist makes administration cumbersome and limits timely analysis and communication of results. Development of e-Tool: In early 2012, the SLMTA team in Vietnam developed an electronic SLIPTA checklist tool. The e-Tool was pilot tested in Vietnam in mid-2012 and revised. It was used during SLMTA implementation in Vietnam and Cambodia in 2012 and 2013 and further revised based on auditors' feedback about usability. Outcomes: The SLIPTA e-Tool enabled rapid turn-around of audit results, reduced workload and language barriers and facilitated analysis of national results. Benefits of the e-Tool will be magnified with in-country scale-up of laboratory quality improvement efforts and potential expansion to other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of African Journal of Laboratory Medicine is the property of African Online Scientific Information System PTY LTD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LABORATORY management KW - QUALITY assurance KW - MEDICAL laboratories KW - PILOT projects KW - CAMBODIA KW - VIETNAM N1 - Accession Number: 100347684; Nguyen, Thuong T. 1 McKinney, Barbara 2 Pierson, Antoine 3 Luong, Khue N. 4 Hoang, Quynh T. 5 Meharwal, Sandeep 6 Carvalho, Humberto M. 7 Nguyen, Cuong Q. 8 Nguyen, Kim T. 9 Bond, Kyle B. 5; Email Address: kbb5@cdc.gov; Affiliation: 1: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Vietnam 2: Mayo Clinic, United States 3: Integrated Quality Laboratory Services (IQLS), France 4: Vietnam Administration for Medical Services (VAMS), Vietnam 5: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vietnam 6: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Deliver Project, Indonesia 7: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), United States 8: FHI360, Vietnam 9: French Department, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: LABORATORY management; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: MEDICAL laboratories; Subject Term: PILOT projects; Subject Term: CAMBODIA; Subject Term: VIETNAM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621511 Medical Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541940 Veterinary Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621510 Medical and diagnostic laboratories; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.4102/ajlm.v3i2.219 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100347684&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kwapong, Golda Dokuaa AU - Boateng, Daniel AU - Agyei-Baffour, Peter AU - Addy, Ernestina A. T1 - Health service barriers to HIV testing and counseling among pregnant women attending ANC; a cross-sectional study. JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 14 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 487 EP - 505 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14726963 AB - Background HIV testing and counseling (HTC) remains critical in the global efforts to reach a goal of universal access to prevention and timely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and health care. Routine HIV testing has been shown to be cost-effective and life-saving by prolonging the life expectancy of HIV patients and reducing the annual HIV transmission rate. However, these benefits of routine HIV testing may not be seen among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) due to health facility related factors. This paper presents the influence of health facility related factors that influence HTC to inform HTC implementation. Methods The study was a cross-sectional in design and used structured questionnaire and interview guides to gather information from 300 pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years and had attended ANC for more than twice at the time of the study. Twelve health workers were interviewed as key informants. Respondents were selected from the five sub metro health facilities in the Kumasi Metropolis through systematic random sampling from August to November 2011. Pregnant women who had not tested after two or more ANC visits were classified as not utilizing HTC. Data was analyzed with STATA 11. Logistic regression was run to assess the odds ratios at 95% confidence level. Results Twenty-four percent of the pregnant women had not undergone HTC, with "never been told" emerging as the most cited reason as reported by 29.5% of respondents. Decisions by pregnant women to take up HTC were mostly influenced by health facility related factors such as lack of information, perceptions of privacy and confidentiality, waiting time, poor relationship with health staff and fear of being positive. Conclusions Access to HTC health facility alone does not translate into utilization of HTC service. Improving health facility related factors such as health education and information, confidentiality, health staff turnaround time and health staff-client relationship related to HTC will improve implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Health Services Research is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - RESEARCH KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - PRENATAL care KW - PATIENT satisfaction KW - HEALTH education KW - HOSPITALS -- Officials & employees KW - Ghana KW - HIV KW - HTC KW - PMTCT KW - Pregnant Women N1 - Accession Number: 97115024; Kwapong, Golda Dokuaa 1; Email Address: dokuaa80@yahoo.com Boateng, Daniel 2; Email Address: kingdannie@gmail.com Agyei-Baffour, Peter 2; Email Address: agyeibaffour@yahoo.co.uk Addy, Ernestina A. 2; Email Address: akosuaaddy@gmail.com; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/ Focus Region Health Projects, Accra, Ghana 2: Department of community Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p487; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: PRENATAL care; Subject Term: PATIENT satisfaction; Subject Term: HEALTH education; Subject Term: HOSPITALS -- Officials & employees; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ghana; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HTC; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMTCT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pregnant Women; NAICS/Industry Codes: 622111 General (except paediatric) hospitals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 622110 General Medical and Surgical Hospitals; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1472-6963-14-267 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97115024&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Undie, Chi-Chi AU - Van Lith, Lynn M. AU - Wahome, Mercy AU - Obare, Francis AU - Oloo, Esther AU - Curtis, Carolyn T1 - Community mobilization and service strengthening to increase awareness and use of postabortion care and family planning in Kenya. JO - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics JF - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 126 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 8 EP - 13 SN - 00207292 AB - Abstract: Objective: To evaluate whether a community engagement and service-strengthening intervention raised awareness of family planning (FP) and early pregnancy bleeding (EPB), and increased FP and postabortion care (PAC) use. Methods: The intervention was carried out in 3 communities in Kenya over 18months; 3 additional communities served as the comparison group. A pre–post, contemporaneously controlled, quasi-experimental evaluation was conducted independently from the intervention. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar. Awareness of FP methods increased (P ≤0.001) in the intervention group. The incidence of reported EPB (before 5months of pregnancy) in the comparison group was 13.3% at baseline and 6.0% at endline (P =0.02); 79% at baseline and 100% at endline sought care (P >0.05). In the intervention group, recognition and reporting of EPB increased from 9.8% to 13.1% (P >0.05); 65% sought PAC at baseline and 80% at endline (P =0.11). The relative increase in EPB reports after the intervention was over 3 times greater in the intervention group (P ≤0.01). Conclusion: The intervention raised FP and EPB awareness but not FP and PAC services use. As fewer comparison group respondents reported experiencing EPB, the PAC impact of the intervention is unclear. Mechanisms to improve EPB reporting are needed to avoid this reporting bias. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POST-abortion syndrome KW - FAMILY planning KW - AWARENESS KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - MOBILIZATION (Social action) KW - PUBLIC health KW - KENYA KW - Community action cycle KW - Community health workers KW - Community mobilization KW - Family planning KW - Kenya KW - Postabortion care KW - Safe motherhood KW - Unsafe abortion N1 - Accession Number: 96439358; Undie, Chi-Chi 1; Email Address: cundie@popcouncil.org Van Lith, Lynn M. 2 Wahome, Mercy 3 Obare, Francis 1 Oloo, Esther 3 Curtis, Carolyn 4; Affiliation: 1: Reproductive Health Program, Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya 2: Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA 3: Programs Division, EngenderHealth, Nairobi, Kenya 4: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 126 Issue 1, p8; Subject Term: POST-abortion syndrome; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: AWARENESS; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: MOBILIZATION (Social action); Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: KENYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community action cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community health workers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community mobilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Family planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kenya; Author-Supplied Keyword: Postabortion care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safe motherhood; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsafe abortion; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.12.016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96439358&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kang, Yinhong AU - Ma, Xiaoyi AU - Khan, Shahbaz T1 - PREDICTING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MAIZE CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN THE LOESS PLATEAU. JO - Irrigation & Drainage JF - Irrigation & Drainage Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 63 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 394 EP - 404 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. SN - 15310353 AB - ABSTRACT Climate change impacts on food supply and water use efficiency have become an urgent issue for the agricultural researchers and governments. With climate change, water resources will be a restricting factor for agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This paper mainly discusses the changing tendency of water balance components, maize yield and water use indices under rainfed and irrigated conditions in subareas of the Loess Plateau under the A2 and B2 scenarios with the SWAGMAN® Destiny model. The results show that evapotranspiration will increase in future for both rainfed and irrigated maize under both scenarios. The water use indices mentioned in this paper have the same tendency under both scenarios in the same subareas, but variability under the A2 scenario is higher than that under B2. The crop yield and water use indices will decrease for rainfed maize production in the whole Loess Plateau. With irrigation, crop yield will increase in Clay Loam-2 and Clay Loam-1 while it will decrease in Light Loam and Sandy Loam under the A2 scenario and B2 scenarios in 2020, 2050 and 2080 respectively. The evapotranspiration efficiency and ratio of evapotranspiration and irrigation under irrigated maize will increase in Clay Loam-2, Clay Loam-1, Light Loam and Sandy Loam under both scenarios. Crop water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency and total water use efficiency will decrease under the A2 and B2 scenarios during irrigated maize growth. Therefore, for the rainfed crop, it is necessary to improve water harvesting technology so as to meet the increasing crop water requirements with climate change; while, for the irrigated crop, it is vital to enhance soil water capacity in order to make good use of the irrigated water. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - RÉSUMÉ Les impacts du changement climatique sur l'approvisionnement alimentaire et l'efficacité d'utilisation de l'eau sont devenus un problème urgent pour les chercheurs dans le domaine de l'agriculture et les gouvernements. Avec le changement climatique, les ressources en eau seront un facteur limitant pour l'agriculture, en particulier dans la zone aride et semi-aride. Ce document traite principalement de la tendance de l'évolution des composants du bilan hydrique, le rendement du maïs et des indices de consommation d'eau dans des conditions pluviales et irriguées dans les sous-zones de plateau de loess sous les scénarios A2 et B2 avec le modèle Destiny SWAGMAN ®. Les résultats montrent que l'évapotranspiration va augmenter à l'avenir à la fois pour le maïs pluvial et irrigué dans les deux scénarios. Les indices de consommation d'eau mentionnés dans le présent document ont la même tendance dans les deux scénarios dans les mêmes sous-zones, mais la variabilité dans le scénario A2 est plus élevée que dans le cadre du B2-ci. Le rendement des cultures et des indices de consommation d'eau va diminuer la production de maïs pluvial dans l'ensemble du Plateau de Loess. Avec l'irrigation, le rendement des cultures augmentera dans le limon argileux-1 et 2, alors qu'il diminuera en limon léger et limon sableux dans le scénario scénarios A2 et B2 en 2020, 2050 et 2080, respectivement. L'efficacité de l'évapotranspiration et le taux d'évapotranspiration et d'irrigation en maïs irrigué augmenteront dans tous les limons testés pour les deux scénarios. L'efficacité de la collecte de l'eau, l'efficacité d'utilisation de l'eau d'irrigation et l'efficacité totale de l'utilisation de l'eau vont diminuer dans les scénarios A2 et B2 au cours de la croissance de maïs irrigué. Par conséquent, pour la culture pluviale, il est nécessaire d'améliorer la technologie de récupération de l'eau de manière à répondre aux besoins croissants en eau des cultures avec le changement climatique, tandis que, pour l'irrigation-ci, il est essentiel de renforcer la capacité en eau du sol afin de faire une bonne l'utilisation de l'eau d'irrigation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Climatic changes KW - Corn KW - Water use KW - Water supply KW - Arid regions KW - Crop yields KW - Plant yields KW - climate scenarios KW - indices de consommation d'eau KW - maïs KW - maize KW - rendement KW - scénarios climatiques KW - semi-arid area KW - water use indices KW - yield KW - zone semi-aride N1 - Accession Number: 96925761; Kang, Yinhong 1,2; Ma, Xiaoyi 2; Khan, Shahbaz 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Information and Engineering Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University; 2: College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University; 3: Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific UNESCO; Issue Info: Jul2014, Vol. 63 Issue 3, p394; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Corn; Thesaurus Term: Water use; Thesaurus Term: Water supply; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Thesaurus Term: Crop yields; Subject Term: Plant yields; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate scenarios; Author-Supplied Keyword: indices de consommation d'eau; Author-Supplied Keyword: maïs; Author-Supplied Keyword: maize; Author-Supplied Keyword: rendement; Author-Supplied Keyword: scénarios climatiques; Author-Supplied Keyword: semi-arid area; Author-Supplied Keyword: water use indices; Author-Supplied Keyword: yield; Author-Supplied Keyword: zone semi-aride; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111150 Corn Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1002/ird.1799 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=96925761&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hakizimana, Emmanuel AU - Cyubahiro, Beatus AU - Rukundo, Alphonse AU - Kabayiza, Allan AU - Mutabazi, Alphonse AU - Beach, Raymond AU - Patel, Roopal AU - Tongren, Jon E. AU - Karema, Corine T1 - Monitoring long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) durability to validate net serviceable life assumptions, in Rwanda. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 344 EP - 351 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: To validate assumptions about the length of the distribution–replacement cycle for long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Rwanda, the Malaria and other Parasitic Diseases Division, Rwanda Ministry of Health, used World Health Organization methods to independently confirm the three-year LLIN serviceable life span recommendation of WHO. Methods: Approximately 3,000 coded LLINs, distributed as part of a national campaign, were monitored in six sites, by means of six–monthly visits to selected houses. Two indicators, survivorship/attrition, a measure of the number of nets remaining, and fabric integrity, the proportion of remaining nets in either ‘good’, ‘serviceable’ or ‘needs replacement’ condition, based on holes in the net material, were tracked. To validate the assumption that the intervention would remain effective for three years, LLIN coverage, calculated using either survivorship, or integrity, by removing nets in the ‘needs replacement’ category from the survivorship total, was compared with the predicted proportion of nets remaining, derived from a net loss model, that assumes an LLIN serviceable life of three years. Results: After two years, there was close agreement between estimated LLIN survivorship at all sites, 75% (range 64-84%), and the predicted proportion of nets remaining, 75%. However, when integrity was considered, observed survivorship at all sites, declined to 42% (range 10-54%). Conclusions: More than half, 58%, of the LLINs fell into the ‘needs replacement’ category after two years. While these nets were counted for survivorship, they were judged to be of little-to-no benefit to a user. Therefore, when integrity was taken into account, survivorship was significantly lower than predicted, suggesting that net serviceable life was actually closer to two, rather than three years, and, by extension, that the impact of the intervention during year three of the LLIN distribution-replacement cycle could be well below that seen in years one and two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Distribution/replacement time KW - Durability KW - Fabric integrity KW - LLIN KW - Loss KW - Serviceable life KW - Survivorship/attrition N1 - Accession Number: 110244301; Hakizimana, Emmanuel 1,2 Cyubahiro, Beatus 1 Rukundo, Alphonse 1 Kabayiza, Allan 1 Mutabazi, Alphonse 1 Beach, Raymond 3; Email Address: rfb1@cdc.gov Patel, Roopal 4 Tongren, Jon E. 4 Karema, Corine 1; Affiliation: 1: Malaria and other Parasitic Diseases Division/Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda. 2: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 3: Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. 4: President’s Malaria Initiative (Centers for Disease Control), United States Agency for International Development, Kigali, Rwanda.; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p344; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distribution/replacement time; Author-Supplied Keyword: Durability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabric integrity; Author-Supplied Keyword: LLIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Serviceable life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survivorship/attrition; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 2 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-344 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110244301&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Comfort, Alison B. AU - van Dijk, Janneke H. AU - Mharakurwa, Sungano AU - Stillman, Kathryn AU - Johns, Benjamin AU - Hathi, Payal AU - Korde, Sonali AU - Craig, Allen S. AU - Nachbar, Nancy AU - Derriennic, Yann AU - Gabert, Rose AU - Thuma, Philip E. T1 - Association between malaria control and paediatric blood transfusions in rural Zambia: an interrupted time-series analysis. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 383 EP - 399 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: Blood transfusions can reduce mortality among children with severe malarial anaemia, but there is limited evidence quantifying the relationship between paediatric malaria and blood transfusions. This study explores the extent to which the use of paediatric blood transfusions is affected by the number of paediatric malaria visits and admissions. It assesses whether the scale-up of malaria control interventions in a facility catchment area explains the use of paediatric blood transfusions. Methods: The study was conducted at a referral hospital for 13 rural health centres in rural Zambia. Data were used from facility and patient records covering all paediatric malaria admissions from 2000 to 2008. An interrupted time series analysis using an autoregression-moving-average model was conducted to assess the relationship between paediatric malaria outpatient visits and admissions and the use of paediatric blood transfusions. Further investigation explored whether the use of paediatric blood transfusions over time was consistent with the roll out of malaria control interventions in the hospital catchment area. Results: For each additional paediatric malaria outpatient visit, there were 0.07 additional paediatric blood transfusions (95% CI 0.01-0.13; p < 0.05). For each additional paediatric admission for severe malarial anaemia, there were 1.09 additional paediatric blood transfusions (95% CI 0.95-1.23; p < 0.01). There were 19.1 fewer paediatric blood transfusions per month during the 2004–2006 malaria control period (95% CI 12.1-26.0; p < 0.01), a 50% reduction compared to the preceding period when malaria control was relatively limited. During the 2007–2008 malaria control period, there were 27.5 fewer paediatric blood transfusions per month (95% CI 14.6-40.3; p < 0.01), representing a 72% decline compared to the period with limited malaria control. Conclusions: Paediatric admissions for severe malarial anaemia largely explain total use of paediatric blood transfusions. The reduction in paediatric blood transfusions is consistent with the timing of the malaria control interventions. Malaria control seems to influence the use of paediatric blood transfusions by reducing the number of paediatric admissions for severe malarial anaemia. Reduced use of blood transfusions could benefit other areas of the health system through greater blood availability, particularly where supply is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Blood transfusion KW - Malaria control KW - Paediatric hospital admissions KW - Severe malarial anaemia KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - Time series KW - Zambia N1 - Accession Number: 110244403; Comfort, Alison B. 1; Email Address: alison_comfort@abtassoc.com van Dijk, Janneke H. 2 Mharakurwa, Sungano 3 Stillman, Kathryn 1 Johns, Benjamin 1 Hathi, Payal 1 Korde, Sonali 4 Craig, Allen S. 5,6 Nachbar, Nancy 1 Derriennic, Yann 1 Gabert, Rose 1,7 Thuma, Philip E. 8; Affiliation: 1: Abt Associates, International Health Division, Cambridge, MA, USA. 2: Clinical Research Department, Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia. 3: Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Malaria Research Department, Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia. 4: President’s Malaria Initiative, Bureau of Global Health, USAID, Washington District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA. 5: President’s Malaria Initiative, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia. 6: Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. 7: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 8: Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia.; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p383; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blood transfusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paediatric hospital admissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Severe malarial anaemia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-Saharan Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time series; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zambia; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 8 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-383 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110244403&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - GIJZEN, HUBERT J. AU - BANDA, FACKSON T1 - Beyond 2015: The media's role in the development agenda. JO - Media Asia JF - Media Asia Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 41 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 208 EP - 214 PB - Routledge SN - 01296612 AB - The article focuses on the role of media in achieving Post-2015 Development Agenda related to sustainable development. Topics discussed include media allowing civic participation, social development in terms of literacy, heath care and women empowerment; and democracy supporting freedom of expression. Other topics include UNESCO's stand on the role of media in achieving developmental rights and the need for media pluralism for democracy and development. KW - Mass media & democracy KW - Freedom of expression KW - Social change KW - Mass media in economic development KW - Sustainable development KW - Pluralism KW - UNESCO N1 - Accession Number: 115042727; GIJZEN, HUBERT J. 1; BANDA, FACKSON 2; Affiliations: 1: Director of the UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, based in Jakarta, Indonesia; 2: Programme Specialist at the UNESCO headquarters, Paris; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 41 Issue 3, preceding p208; Thesaurus Term: Mass media & democracy; Thesaurus Term: Freedom of expression; Thesaurus Term: Social change; Subject Term: Mass media in economic development; Subject Term: Sustainable development; Subject Term: Pluralism ; Company/Entity: UNESCO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/01296612.2014.11690016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=115042727&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ufh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller-Petrie, Molly K. AU - Mazia, Goldy AU - Serpa, Magdalena AU - Pooley, Bertha AU - Marshall, Margaret AU - Meléndez, Carlos AU - Vicuña, Marisol T1 - Building alliances for improving newborn health in Latin America and the Caribbean. T2 - Alianzas para mejorar la salud de los recién nacidos en América Latina y el Caribe. JO - Pan American Journal of Public Health JF - Pan American Journal of Public Health Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 36 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 44 EP - 49 SN - 10204989 AB - The regional Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Neonatal Alliance and national neonatal alliances in Bolivia, El Salvador, and Peru were studied through in-depth interviews and a review of publications. Findings were analyzed to distill successful strategies, structures, and tools for improving neonatal health by working through alliances that can be replicated at the regional or national level. The studies found the following factors were the most critical for successful outcomes from alliance work: inclusion of the Ministry of Health as a leader or primary stakeholder; a committed, diverse, technically expert, and horizontal membership; the presence of champions for neonatal health at the national level; development of a shared work plan based on feasible objectives; the use of shared financing mechanisms; the use of informal and dynamic organizational structures; and a commitment to scientific evidence-based programming. The relationship between the regional and national alliances was found to be mutually beneficial. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Se estudiaron la Alianza de Salud Neonatal para América Latina y el Caribe a escala regional, y las alianzas nacionales de salud neonatal de Bolivia, El Salvador y Perú, mediante entrevistas exhaustivas y un análisis de las publicaciones. Se analizaron los resultados para extraer las estrategias, las estructuras y las herramientas eficaces para mejorar la salud neonatal trabajando mediante alianzas que puedan repetirse a escala regional o nacional. Los estudios descubrieron que los factores más decisivos para obtener resultados exitosos del trabajo mediante alianzas fueron los siguientes: la inclusión de los ministerios de salud como líderes o interesados directos principales; una afiliación comprometida, diversa, técnicamente experta y horizontal; la presencia de promotores de la salud neonatal a escala nacional; la formulación de un plan de trabajo compartido basado en objetivos factibles; la utilización de mecanismos de financiamiento compartido; el uso de estructuras organizativas informales y dinámicas; y un compromiso con la programación científica basada en datos probatorios. Se observó que la relación entre las alianzas regionales y nacionales resultaba mutuamente beneficiosa. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Pan American Journal of Public Health is the property of Pan American Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INFANT health services KW - RESEARCH KW - OUTCOME assessment (Medical care) KW - EVIDENCE-based medicine KW - MEDICAL care -- Research KW - BOLIVIA KW - LATIN America KW - PERU KW - Bolivia KW - Caribbean region KW - El Salvador KW - Infant KW - Latin America KW - newborn KW - organization and administration KW - Peru KW - América Latina KW - organización y administración KW - Perú KW - Recién nacido KW - región del Caribe N1 - Accession Number: 98383888; Miller-Petrie, Molly K. 1; Email Address: mmpetrie@gmail.com Mazia, Goldy 2 Serpa, Magdalena 2 Pooley, Bertha 3 Marshall, Margaret 4 Meléndez, Carlos 5 Vicuña, Marisol 6; Affiliation: 1: PATH/United States Agency for International Development, Bureau of Global Health, Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)/Latin American and Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, London, United Kingdom 2: PATH/United States Agency for International Development, Bureau of Global Health, Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)/Latin American and Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 3: Latin American and Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, La Paz, Bolivia 4: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: Ministry of Health, San Salvador, El Salvador 6: Collective for Neonatal Health, Lima, Peru; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p44; Subject Term: INFANT health services; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: OUTCOME assessment (Medical care); Subject Term: EVIDENCE-based medicine; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Research; Subject Term: BOLIVIA; Subject Term: LATIN America; Subject Term: PERU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bolivia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Caribbean region; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Salvador; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Latin America; Author-Supplied Keyword: newborn; Author-Supplied Keyword: organization and administration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peru; Author-Supplied Keyword: América Latina; Author-Supplied Keyword: organización y administración; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perú; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recién nacido; Author-Supplied Keyword: región del Caribe; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98383888&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gupta, Shivam AU - Yamada, Goro AU - Mpembeni, Rose AU - Frumence, Gasto AU - Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A. AU - Stevenson, Raz AU - Brandes, Neal AU - Baqui, Abdullah H. T1 - Factors Associated with Four or More Antenatal Care Visits and Its Decline among Pregnant Women in Tanzania between 1999 and 2010. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 9 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - In Tanzania, the coverage of four or more antenatal care (ANC 4) visits among pregnant women has declined over time. We conducted an exploratory analysis to identify factors associated with utilization of ANC 4 and ANC 4 decline among pregnant women over time. We used data from 8035 women who delivered within two years preceding Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1999, 2004/05 and 2010. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between all potential factors and utilization of ANC 4; and decline in ANC 4 over time. Factors positively associated with ANC 4 utilization were higher quality of services, testing and counseling for HIV during ANC, receiving two or more doses of SP (Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine)/Fansidar for preventing malaria during ANC and higher educational status of the woman. Negatively associated factors were residing in a zone other than Eastern zone, never married woman, reported long distance to health facility, first ANC visit after four months of pregnancy and woman's desire to avoid pregnancy. The factors significantly associated with decline in utilization of ANC 4 were: geographic zone and age of the woman at delivery. Strategies to increase ANC 4 utilization should focus on improvement in quality of care, geographic accessibility, early ANC initiation, and services that allow women to avoid pregnancy. The interconnected nature of the Tanzanian Health System is reflected in ANC 4 decline over time where introduction of new programs might have had unintended effects on existing programs. An in-depth assessment of the recent policy change towards Focused Antenatal Care and its implementation across different geographic zones, including its effect on the perception and understanding among women and performance and counseling by health providers can help explain the decline in ANC 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PRENATAL diagnosis KW - MEDICAL care KW - PREGNANT women KW - MULTIVARIATE analysis KW - HEALTH surveys KW - TANZANIA KW - Anthropology KW - Cultural anthropology KW - Epidemiology KW - Geographic and national differences KW - Global health KW - Health care KW - Health care policy KW - Health systems strengthening KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Obstetrics and gynecology KW - Public and occupational health KW - Quality of care KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Research design KW - Social sciences KW - Survey methods KW - Survey research KW - Women's health N1 - Accession Number: 97360997; Gupta, Shivam 1; Email Address: sgupta23@jhu.edu Yamada, Goro 1 Mpembeni, Rose 2 Frumence, Gasto 2 Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A. 1 Stevenson, Raz 3 Brandes, Neal 4 Baqui, Abdullah H. 1; Affiliation: 1: 1 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 2: 2 Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 3: 3 United States Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 4: 4 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 9 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: PRENATAL diagnosis; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: PREGNANT women; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: HEALTH surveys; Subject Term: TANZANIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anthropology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cultural anthropology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographic and national differences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Obstetrics and gynecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality of care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Women's health; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0101893 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97360997&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ojikutu, Bisola AU - Higgins-Biddle, Molly AU - Greeson, Dana AU - Phelps, Benjamin R. AU - Amzel, Anouk AU - Okechukwu, Emeka AU - Kolapo, Usman AU - Cabral, Howard AU - Cooper, Ellen AU - Hirschhorn, Lisa R. T1 - The Association between Quality of HIV Care, Loss to Follow-Up and Mortality in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 9 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Access to pediatric HIV treatment in resource-limited settings has risen significantly. However, little is known about the quality of care that pediatric or adolescent patients receive. The objective of this study is to explore quality of HIV care and treatment in Nigeria and to determine the association between quality of care, loss-to-follow-up and mortality. A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients ≤18 years of age who initiated ART between November 2002 and December 2011 at 23 sites across 10 states. 1,516 patients were included. A quality score comprised of 6 process indicators was calculated for each patient. More than half of patients (55.5%) were found to have a high quality score, using the median score as the cut-off. Most patients were screened for tuberculosis at entry into care (81.3%), had adherence measurement and counseling at their last visit (88.7% and 89.7% respectively), and were prescribed co-trimoxazole at some point during enrollment in care (98.8%). Thirty-seven percent received a CD4 count in the six months prior to chart review. Mortality within 90 days of ART initiation was 1.9%. A total of 4.2% of patients died during the period of follow-up (mean: 27 months) with 19.0% lost to follow-up. In multivariate regression analyses, weight for age z-score (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR): 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.95) and high quality indicator score (compared a low score, AHR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.73) had a protective effect on mortality. Patients with a high quality score were less likely to be lost to follow-up (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.42; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.56), compared to those with low score. These findings indicate that providing high quality care to children and adolescents living with HIV is important to improve outcomes, including lowering loss to follow-up and decreasing mortality in this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Treatment KW - HIV-positive persons KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine) KW - MEDICAL care KW - CD4 lymphocyte count KW - MORTALITY KW - THERAPEUTIC use KW - NIGERIA KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Diagnostic medicine KW - HIV KW - HIV clinical manifestations KW - HIV diagnosis and management KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Research Article KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens N1 - Accession Number: 97360151; Ojikutu, Bisola 1,2; Email Address: bojikutu@jsi.com Higgins-Biddle, Molly 1 Greeson, Dana 3 Phelps, Benjamin R. 4 Amzel, Anouk 4 Okechukwu, Emeka 5 Kolapo, Usman 6 Cabral, Howard 7 Cooper, Ellen 8 Hirschhorn, Lisa R. 9; Affiliation: 1: 1 John Snow Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 2: 2 Massachusetts General Hospital, Infectious Disease Division, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 3: 3 Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, New York, New York, United States of America 4: 4 United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, D. C., United States of America 5: 5 United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria 6: 6 Indepth Precision, Abuja, Nigeria 7: 7 Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 8: 8 Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 9: 9 Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 9 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Treatment; Subject Term: HIV-positive persons; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine); Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: CD4 lymphocyte count; Subject Term: MORTALITY; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Subject Term: NIGERIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV clinical manifestations; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV diagnosis and management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0100039 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97360151&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103907927 T1 - Building alliances for improving newborn health in Latin America and the Caribbean. AU - Miller-Petrie, Molly K. AU - Mazia, Goldy AU - Serpa, Magdalena AU - Pooley, Bertha AU - Marshall, Margaret AU - Meléndez, Carlos AU - Vicuña, Marisol Y1 - 2014/07// N1 - Accession Number: 103907927. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141024. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; case study; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 9705400. KW - Collaboration KW - Quality Improvement KW - Quality of Health Care KW - Health Policy KW - Infant Mortality -- Prevention and Control KW - Program Evaluation KW - Latin America KW - West Indies KW - Interviews KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Human SP - 44 EP - 48 JO - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica JF - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica JA - PAN AM J PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 36 IS - 1 CY - Washington, District of Columbia PB - Pan American Health Organization AB - The regional Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Neonatal Alliance and national neonatal alliances in Bolivia, El Salvador, and Peru were studied through in-depth interviews and a review of publications. Findings were analyzed to distill successful strategies, structures, and tools for improving neonatal health by working through alliances that can be replicated at the regional or national level. The studies found the following factors were the most critical for successful outcomes from alliance work: inclusion of the Ministry of Health as a leader or primary stakeholder; a committed, diverse, technically expert, and horizontal membership; the presence of champions for neonatal health at the national level; development of a shared work plan based on feasible objectives; the use of shared financing mechanisms; the use of informal and dynamic organizational structures; and a commitment to scientific evidence-based programming. The relationship between the regional and national alliances was found to be mutually beneficial. SN - 1020-4989 AD - PATH/United States Agency for International Development, Bureau of Global Health, Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)/ Latin American and Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, London, United Kingdom AD - PATH/United States Agency for International Development, Bureau of Global Health, Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)/ Latin American and Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America AD - Latin American and Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, La Paz, Bolivia AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America AD - Ministry of Health, San Salvador, El Salvador AD - The Collective for Neonatal Health, Lima, Peru U2 - PMID: 25211677. DO - dx.doi.org/S1020-49892014000600007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103907927&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-26439-001 AN - 2014-26439-001 AU - Wong, Vincent AU - Johnson, Cheryl AU - Cowan, Elliot AU - Rosenthal, Matthew AU - Peeling, Rosanna AU - Miralles, Maria AU - Sands, Anita AU - Brown, Charlene T1 - HIV self-testing in resource-limited settings: Regulatory and policy considerations. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2014/07// VL - 18 IS - Suppl 4 SP - 415 EP - 421 CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - Wong, Vincent, Office of HIV/AIDS, USAID, Washington, DC, US, 20004 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-26439-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Wong, Vincent; Office of HIV/AIDS, USAID, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20140630. Correction Date: 20141006. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; HIV Testing. Minor Descriptor: Policy Making. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). Location: Africa; US. Page Count: 7. Issue Publication Date: Jul, 2014. Publication History: First Posted Date: Jun 24, 2014. Copyright Statement: Springer Science+Business Media New York (outside the USA). 2014. AB - HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an emerging HIV testing strategy intended to address challenges of increasing access to preliminary knowledge of serostatus. It offers the potential for tests and testing to reach more people than previously possible, including those who do not seek testing in facilities. With approval of an HIV self-test kit in the USA, increasing evidence from public pilot programs in sub-Saharan Africa showing high acceptability and feasibility, and evidence of the informal sale of rapid HIV test kits in the private sector, options for individuals to access HIV self-testing, as well as consumer-demand, appear to be increasing. More recently WHO and UNAIDS have explored self-testing as an option to achieving greater HIV testing coverage to support global treatment targets. However, for resource-limited settings, technological development, diagnostic device regulation and quality assurance policies are lagging behind. This commentary will examine regulatory and policy issues with HIVST, given its increased prominence as a potential part of the global HIV/AIDS response. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV self testing KW - AIDS KW - policy KW - regulation KW - 2014 KW - AIDS KW - HIV Testing KW - Policy Making KW - 2014 DO - 10.1007/s10461-014-0825-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-26439-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - vwong@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gomez, Patricia P. AU - Gutman, Julie AU - Roman, Elaine AU - Dickerson, Aimee AU - Andre, Zandra H. AU - Youll, Susan AU - Eckert, Erin AU - Hamel, Mary J. T1 - Assessment of the consistency of national-level policies and guidelines for malaria in pregnancy in five African countries. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2014/06// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background At least 39 sub-Saharan African countries have policies on preventing malaria in pregnancy (MIP), including use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and case management. However, coverage of LLINs and IPTp-SP remains below international targets in most countries. One factor contributing to low coverage may be that MIP policies typically are developed by national malaria control programmes (NMCPs), but are implemented through national reproductive health (RH) programmes. Methods National-level MIP policies, guidelines, and training documents from NMCPs and RH programmes in Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, mainland Tanzania and Uganda were reviewed to assess whether they reflected WHO guidelines for prevention and treatment of MIP, and how consistent MIP content was across documents from the same country. Documents were compared for adherence to WHO guidance concerning IPTp-SP timing and dose, directly observed therapy, promotion and distribution of LLINs, linkages to HIV programmes and MIP case management. Results The five countries reviewed had national documents promoting IPTp-SP, LLINs and MIP case management. WHO guidance from 2004 frequently was not reflected: four countries recommended the first dose of IPTp-SP at 20 weeks or later (instead of 16 weeks), and three countries restricted the first and second IPTp-SP doses to specific gestational weeks. Documents from four countries provided conflicting guidance on MIP prevention for HIVpositive women, and none provided complete guidance on management of uncomplicated and severe malaria during pregnancy. In all countries, inconsistencies between NMCPs and RH programmes on the timing or dose of IPTp-SP were documented, as was the mechanism for providing LLINs. Inconsistencies also were found in training documents from NMCPs and RH programmes in a given country. Outdated, inconsistent guidelines have the potential to cause confusion and lead to incorrect practices among health workers who implement MIP programmes, contributing to low coverage of IPTp-SP and LLINs. Conclusions MIP policies, guidelines and training materials are outdated and/or inconsistent in the countries assessed. Updating and ensuring consistency among national MIP documents is needed, along with re-orientation and supervision of health workers to accelerate implementation of the 2012 WHO Global Malaria Programme policy recommendations for IPTp-SP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA in pregnancy KW - MALARIA KW - PUBLIC health KW - MEDICAL policy KW - DISEASE management KW - TREATMENT KW - AFRICA KW - Case management KW - IPTp KW - ITN KW - LLIN KW - Malaria KW - Pregnancy KW - SP N1 - Accession Number: 96364470; Gomez, Patricia P. 1; Email Address: patricia.gomez@jhpiego.org Gutman, Julie 2; Email Address: fff2@cdc.gov Roman, Elaine 1; Email Address: elaine.roman@jhpiego.org Dickerson, Aimee 1; Email Address: aimee.dickerson@jhpiego.org Andre, Zandra H. 3; Email Address: ZAndre@cdc.gov Youll, Susan 4; Email Address: syoull@usaid.gov Eckert, Erin 4; Email Address: eeckert@usaid.gov Hamel, Mary J. 2; Email Address: mlh8@cdc.gov; Affiliation: 1: Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program, Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD, USA 2: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 3: President's Malaria Initiative, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 4: President's Malaria Initiative, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA in pregnancy; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: DISEASE management; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Subject Term: AFRICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Case management; Author-Supplied Keyword: IPTp; Author-Supplied Keyword: ITN; Author-Supplied Keyword: LLIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pregnancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: SP; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-212 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96364470&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cros, Annick AU - Ahamad Fatan, Nurulhuda AU - White, Alan AU - Teoh, Shwu Jiau AU - Tan, Stanley AU - Handayani, Christian AU - Huang, Charles AU - Peterson, Nate AU - Venegas Li, Ruben AU - Siry, Hendra Yusran AU - Fitriana, Ria AU - Gove, Jamison AU - Acoba, Tomoko AU - Knight, Maurice AU - Acosta, Renerio AU - Andrew, Neil AU - Beare, Doug T1 - The Coral Triangle Atlas: An Integrated Online Spatial Database System for Improving Coral Reef Management. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/06// VL - 9 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - In this paper we describe the construction of an online GIS database system, hosted by WorldFish, which stores bio-physical, ecological and socio-economic data for the ‘Coral Triangle Area’ in South-east Asia and the Pacific. The database has been built in partnership with all six (Timor-Leste, Malaysia, Indonesia, The Philippines, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea) of the Coral Triangle countries, and represents a valuable source of information for natural resource managers at the regional scale. Its utility is demonstrated using biophysical data, data summarising marine habitats, and data describing the extent of marine protected areas in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPATIAL data structures KW - CORAL reef management KW - GEOGRAPHIC information systems KW - BIOPHYSICS KW - SOCIOECONOMICS KW - DATA analysis KW - CORAL Triangle KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Cartography KW - Communications KW - Computer and information sciences KW - Computer applications KW - Earth sciences KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Geoinformatics KW - Information technology KW - Marine and aquatic sciences KW - Marine biology KW - Research Article KW - Science education KW - Science policy KW - Social sciences KW - Sociology N1 - Accession Number: 96858708; Cros, Annick 1 Ahamad Fatan, Nurulhuda 2 White, Alan 1 Teoh, Shwu Jiau 2 Tan, Stanley 2 Handayani, Christian 3 Huang, Charles 4 Peterson, Nate 5 Venegas Li, Ruben 2 Siry, Hendra Yusran 6 Fitriana, Ria 7 Gove, Jamison 8 Acoba, Tomoko 8 Knight, Maurice 9 Acosta, Renerio 10 Andrew, Neil 2 Beare, Doug 2; Email Address: dbeare@cgiar.org; Affiliation: 1: 1 Indo-Pacific Division, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States 2: 2 Natural Resources Management, Worldfish, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia 3: 3 Coral Triangle Program, WWF-Indonesia, South Jakarta, Indonesia 4: 4 Coral Triangle Program, WWF-United States, Washington, DC, United States 5: 5 Indo-Pacific Division, The Nature Conservancy, Queensland, Australia 6: 6 Coordination and External Affairs, Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs and Food Security, Jakarta, Indonesia 7: 7 The Coral Triangle Center, Bali, Indonesia 8: 8 Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States 9: 9 Coral Triangle Support Partnership, WWF-Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia 10: 10 Regional Environment Office, United States Agency for International Development Regional Development Mission for Asia, Bangkok, Thailand; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: SPATIAL data structures; Subject Term: CORAL reef management; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: BIOPHYSICS; Subject Term: SOCIOECONOMICS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: CORAL Triangle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cartography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer and information sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographic information systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geoinformatics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine and aquatic sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science education; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sociology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0096332 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96858708&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cleland, John AU - Harbison, Sarah AU - Shah, Iqbal H. T1 - Unmet Need for Contraception: Issues and Challenges. JO - Studies in Family Planning JF - Studies in Family Planning Y1 - 2014/06// VL - 45 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 105 EP - 122 SN - 00393665 AB - Unmet need for contraception has been a central indicator for monitoring the progress of family planning programs for 25 years. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad context for the more focused contributions that follow in this special issue. The validity and measurement of the concept of unmet need are discussed. We then present regional trends among married women since 1970. Major reductions in unmet need have been achieved, with the clear exception of sub-Saharan Africa. Less success can be claimed in addressing the needs of sexually active unmarried women, who contribute nearly 20 percent to overall unmet need in developing countries. Prominent reasons for unmet need in settings where contraceptive uptake is low include social resistance and insufficient information concerning methods. As contraceptive use increases, the importance of these reasons wanes, but concerns regarding side effects and health impact remain a barrier, and discontinued users now constitute a large proportion of those with unmet need. Drawing on these reasons, we outline measures to further reduce unmet need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Studies in Family Planning is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONTRACEPTION KW - BIRTH control KW - FAMILY planning KW - MARRIED women KW - SAHARA N1 - Accession Number: 96534531; Cleland, John 1 Harbison, Sarah 2 Shah, Iqbal H. 3; Affiliation: 1: Emeritus Professor of Medical Demography, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 2: Senior Adviser for Research and Evaluation, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Washington, DC., 3: Director of the Center for Research and Evaluation in Reproductive Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p105; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTION; Subject Term: BIRTH control; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: MARRIED women; Subject Term: SAHARA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00380.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96534531&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaale, Eliangiringa AU - Manyanga, Vicky AU - Makori, Narsis AU - Jenkins, David AU - Michael Hope, Samuel AU - Layloff, Thomas T1 - High-performance thin layer chromatography to assess pharmaceutical product quality. JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health Y1 - 2014/06// VL - 19 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 747 EP - 751 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13602276 AB - Objective To assess the sustainability, robustness and economic advantages of high-performance thin layer chromatography ( HPTLC) for quality control of pharmaceutical products. Method We compared three laboratories where three lots of cotrimoxazole tablets were assessed using different techniques for quantifying the active ingredient. Result The average assay relative standard deviation for the three lots was 1.2 with a range of 0.65-2.0. Conclusion High-performance thin layer chromatography assessments are yielding valid results suitable for assessing product quality. The local pharmaceutical manufacturer had evolved the capacity to produce very high quality products. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo Evaluar la sostenibilidad, robustez y ventajas económicas de la cromatografía de capa fina de alto rendimiento ( HPTLC) para el control de calidad de productos farmacéuticos. Métodos Realizamos la comparación en tres laboratorios, y en cada uno de ellos se evaluaron tres lotes de comprimidos de cotrimoxazol, utilizando diferentes técnicas para cuantificar el ingrediente activo. Resultados La desviación estándar media del ensayo para los tres lotes fue de 1.2, con un rango de 0.65-2.0. Conclusión Las evaluaciones mediante HPTLC están arrojando resultados válidos y apropiados para determinar la calidad de los productos farmacéuticos. Los fabricantes locales de medicamentos han desarrollado la capacidad de producir productos de una alta calidad. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif Evaluer la durabilité, la robustesse et les avantages économiques de la chromatographie sur couche mince haute performance ( CCMHP) pour le contrôle de qualité des produits pharmaceutiques. Méthode Nous avons comparé trois laboratoires où trois lots de comprimés de cotrimoxazole ont été évalués en utilisant différentes techniques pour quantifier le principe actif. Résultat L'écart type relatif moyenne des tests pour les trois lots était de 1,2 avec un intervalle de 0,65 à 2,0. Conclusion Les évaluations par CCMHP donnent des résultats valides appropriés pour l'évaluation de la qualité du produit. Le fabricant pharmaceutique local a développé la capacité de produire des produits de très haute qualité. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PERFORMANCE evaluation KW - THIN layer chromatography KW - PHARMACEUTICAL industry KW - QUALITY of products KW - ECONOMIC impact KW - STANDARD deviations KW - CCMHP KW - Comparación en la Calidad de Tecnologías del Medicamento KW - comparaisons des technologies sur la qualité des Médicaments KW - drug quality technology comparisons KW - HPLC KW - HPTLC N1 - Accession Number: 95864430; Kaale, Eliangiringa 1 Manyanga, Vicky 1 Makori, Narsis 2 Jenkins, David 3 Michael Hope, Samuel 4 Layloff, Thomas 2; Affiliation: 1: Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences 2: Supply Chain Management System 3: FHI360 4: United States Agency for International Development; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p747; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: THIN layer chromatography; Subject Term: PHARMACEUTICAL industry; Subject Term: QUALITY of products; Subject Term: ECONOMIC impact; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Author-Supplied Keyword: CCMHP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comparación en la Calidad de Tecnologías del Medicamento; Author-Supplied Keyword: comparaisons des technologies sur la qualité des Médicaments; Author-Supplied Keyword: drug quality technology comparisons; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPLC; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPTLC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/tmi.12303 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95864430&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-25016-009 AN - 2014-25016-009 AU - Malarcher, Shawn AU - Polis, Chelsea B. T1 - Using measurements of unmet need to inform program investments for health service integration. JF - Studies in Family Planning JO - Studies in Family Planning JA - Stud Fam Plann Y1 - 2014/06// VL - 45 IS - 2 SP - 263 EP - 275 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 0039-3665 SN - 1728-4465 AD - Malarcher, Shawn, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-25016-009. PMID: 24931079 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Malarcher, Shawn; Office of Population and Reproductive Health, USAID, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, US. Other Publishers: Blackwell Publishing. Release Date: 20150810. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Health Service Needs; Integrated Services; Mental Health Services. Minor Descriptor: Human Females. Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10). Location: Nepal; Senegal; Uganda. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 13. Issue Publication Date: Jun, 2014. Copyright Statement: The Population Council, Inc. 2013. AB - Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data could potentially inform optimal strategies to reach women having unmet need with contraceptive services through integrated service delivery. Using 2010–11 DHS data from Nepal, Senegal, and Uganda, we estimate the proportion of married or cohabitating women of reproductive age (MWRA) having unmet need for family planning (FP) who have accessed selected health services and therefore could be offered FP services through integrated service delivery. We find substantial missed opportunities to reach MWRA having unmet need for family planning (FP) in the three countries examined. We also find considerable variation within and between countries in the potential for integrated services to reach women having unmet need. Between 4 percent and 57 percent of MWRA having unmet need in these countries could be reached through integration of FP into any single‐service delivery platform we explored. This analysis has the potential to provide program managers with an evidence‐based road map indicating which service‐delivery platforms offer the greatest potential to reach the largest number of women having unmet need for contraception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - inform program investments KW - health service integration KW - unmet needs KW - contraceptive services KW - 2014 KW - Health Service Needs KW - Integrated Services KW - Mental Health Services KW - Human Females KW - 2014 DO - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00388.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-25016-009&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ORCID: 0000-0002-1031-7074 UR - UR - smalarcher@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee, Veronica C. AU - Muriithi, Patrick AU - Gilbert-Nandra, Ulrike AU - Kim, Andrea A. AU - Schmitz, Mary E. AU - Odek, James AU - Mokaya, Rose AU - Galbraith, Jennifer S. T1 - Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Kenya. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2014/05/02/5/1/2014 Supplement VL - 66 M3 - Article SP - S89 EP - S97 SN - 15254135 AB - In Kenya, it is estimated that there are approximately 3.6 million children aged <18 years who have been orphaned or who are vulnerable. We examined the data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) to determine the number and profile of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Kenya who were aged <18 years.KAIS 2012 was a nationally representative, population-based household survey. We analyzed the data for all the children from birth to age 17 years who resided in an eligible household so as to determine whether their parents were alive or had been very ill to define their OVC status.We estimated that there were 2.6 million OVC in Kenya in 2012, of whom 1.8 million were orphans and 750,000 were vulnerable. Among orphans, 15% were double orphans. Over one-third of all the OVC were aged between 10 and 14 years. Households with ≥1 OVC (12% of all households) were usually in the lowest 2 wealth quintiles, and 22% of OVC households had experienced moderate or severe hunger. Receipt of OVC support services was low for medical (3.7%), psychological (4.1%), social (1.3%), and material support (6.2%); educational support was slightly more common (11.5%). Orphanhood among children aged <15 years increased from 1993 to 2003 (P < 0.01) but declined from 2003 to 2012 (P < 0.01).The 2.6 million OVC constitute a significant proportion of Kenya's population aged <18 years. Special attention should be paid to OVC to prevent further vulnerability and ensure their well-being and development as they transition into adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV KW - Kenya KW - orphans KW - vulnerable children N1 - Accession Number: 111805906; Lee, Veronica C. 1 Muriithi, Patrick 1 Gilbert-Nandra, Ulrike 1 Kim, Andrea A. 1 Schmitz, Mary E. 1 Odek, James 1 Mokaya, Rose 1 Galbraith, Jennifer S. 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, Allan Rosenfield Global Health Fellowship, Nairobi, Kenya; † Division of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research National AIDS Control Council, Nairobi, Kenya; ‡ United Nations Children's Fund, Nairobi, Kenya; § Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; and ‖ Office of Population and Health, United States Agency for International Development, Nairobi, Kenya.; Source Info: 5/1/2014 Supplement, Vol. 66, pS89; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kenya; Author-Supplied Keyword: orphans; Author-Supplied Keyword: vulnerable children; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4632 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000117 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111805906&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wafula, Rose AU - Masyuko, Sarah AU - Ng'ang'a, Lucy AU - Kim, Andrea A. AU - Gichangi, Anthony AU - Mukui, Irene AU - Batuka, James AU - Ngugi, Evelyn W. AU - Maina, William K. AU - Schwarcz, Sandra T1 - Engagement in HIV Care Among Kenyan Adults and Adolescents. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2014/05/02/5/1/2014 Supplement VL - 66 M3 - Article SP - S98 EP - S105 SN - 15254135 AB - Increasing access to care and treatment for HIV-infected persons is a goal in Kenya's response to the HIV epidemic. Using data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012), we describe coverage of services received among adults and adolescents who were enrolled in HIV care.KAIS 2012 was a population-based survey that collected information from persons aged 15-64 years that included self-reported HIV status, and for persons reporting HIV infection, use of HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Blood specimens were collected and tested for HIV. HIV-positive specimens were tested for CD4 counts and viral load.Among 363 persons who reported HIV infection, 93.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 87.2 to 99.6] had ever received HIV care. Among those receiving HIV care, 96.3% (95% CI: 94.1 to 98.4) were using cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, and 74.6% (95% CI: 69.0 to 80.2) were receiving ART. A lower proportion of persons in care and not on ART reported using cotrimoxazole (89.5%, 95% CI: 82.5 to 96.5 compared with 98.6%, 95% CI: 97.1 to 100) and had a CD4 count measurement done (72.9%, 95% CI: 64.0 to 81.9 compared with 90.0%, 95% CI: 82.8 to 97.3) than persons in care and on ART, respectively. Among persons in care and not on ART, 23.2% (95% CI: 6.8 to 39.7) had CD4 counts 350 cells per microliter. Viral suppression was observed in 75.3% (95% CI: 68.7 to 81.9) of persons on ART.Linkage and retention in care are high among persons with known HIV infection. However, improvements in care for the pre-ART population are needed. Viral suppression rates were comparable to developed settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - antiretroviral therapy KW - cotrimoxazole KW - HIV KW - Kenya KW - viral suppression N1 - Accession Number: 111805907; Wafula, Rose 1 Masyuko, Sarah 1 Ng'ang'a, Lucy 1 Kim, Andrea A. 1 Gichangi, Anthony 1 Mukui, Irene 1 Batuka, James 1 Ngugi, Evelyn W. 1 Maina, William K. 1 Schwarcz, Sandra 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; † Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; ‡ United States Agency for International Development, Nairobi, Kenya; and § Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA.; Source Info: 5/1/2014 Supplement, Vol. 66, pS98; Author-Supplied Keyword: antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: cotrimoxazole; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kenya; Author-Supplied Keyword: viral suppression; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3772 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000119 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111805907&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Spieler, Jeff T1 - Sayana® Press: can it be a “game changer” for reducing unmet need for family planning? JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 89 IS - 5 M3 - Editorial SP - 335 EP - 338 SN - 00107824 N1 - Accession Number: 95927203; Spieler, Jeff 1; Email Address: jspieler@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Senior Technical Advisor for Science and Technology, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 20523–3600; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 89 Issue 5, p335; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.02.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95927203&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Halpern, Vera T1 - Subcutaneous DMPA: a better lower dose approach. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 89 IS - 5 M3 - Editorial SP - 341 EP - 343 SN - 00107824 N1 - Accession Number: 95927205; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov Halpern, Vera 2; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA 2: FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 89 Issue 5, p341; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.10.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95927205&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polis, Chelsea B. AU - Nakigozi, Gertrude F. AU - Nakawooya, Hadijja AU - Mondo, George AU - Makumbi, Fredrick AU - Gray, Ronald H. T1 - Preference for Sayana® Press versus intramuscular Depo-Provera among HIV-positive women in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized crossover trial. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 89 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 385 EP - 395 SN - 00107824 AB - Abstract: Introduction: Sayana Press (SP), a subcutaneous formulation of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) prefilled in a Uniject injection system, could potentially improve and expand contraceptive injection services, but acceptability of SP is unknown. HIV-positive women need contraception to avoid unintended pregnancy and risk of vertical HIV transmission. We assessed acceptability of SP versus intramuscular DMPA (DMPA-IM) among HIV-positive women and their care providers in Rakai, Uganda. Methods: Women were randomized to DMPA-IM or SP at baseline, received the alternate product at 3 months, and chose their preferred method at 6 months. We determined preferences among new and experienced contraceptive injectable users who had tried both types of injection during the trial, and from providers before and after providing both types of injectables to clients. Results: Among 357 women randomized, 314 were followed up at 6 months (88%). Although SP caused more skin irritation than DMPA-IM (3.8% vs. 0% at 6 months, p=.03), it was associated with marginally fewer side effects (30.4% vs. 40.4% at 6 months, p=.06). Participants reported high levels of willingness to recommend the DMPA contraception to a friend and satisfaction with the injection received, and these did not differ by injection type. Sixty-four percent of women and 73% of providers preferred SP to DMPA-IM at 6 months; women’s preferences did not differ by previous experience with injectable contraception. Conclusions: SP is acceptable to HIV-positive women and health care providers in this rural Ugandan population. Implications: SP appears to be acceptable to HIV-positive women and their care providers in Rakai, Uganda, and strategies for appropriate rollout of this innovative technology should be explored. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTRAMUSCULAR injections KW - MEDROXYPROGESTERONE KW - HIV-positive women KW - RANDOMIZED controlled trials KW - CROSSOVER trials KW - DRUG design KW - INJECTABLE contraceptives KW - CONTRACEPTION KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - THERAPEUTIC use KW - UGANDA KW - Acceptability KW - Contraception KW - Injectable KW - Intramuscular KW - Subcutaneous N1 - Accession Number: 95927213; Polis, Chelsea B. 1,2; Email Address: cpolis@usaid.gov Nakigozi, Gertrude F. 3 Nakawooya, Hadijja 3 Mondo, George 3 Makumbi, Fredrick 4 Gray, Ronald H. 2; Affiliation: 1: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, D.C., 20004, USA 2: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA 3: Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda 4: Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 89 Issue 5, p385; Subject Term: INTRAMUSCULAR injections; Subject Term: MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; Subject Term: HIV-positive women; Subject Term: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject Term: CROSSOVER trials; Subject Term: DRUG design; Subject Term: INJECTABLE contraceptives; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTION; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Transmission; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Subject Term: UGANDA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acceptability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contraception; Author-Supplied Keyword: Injectable; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intramuscular; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subcutaneous; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.11.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95927213&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103822596 T1 - Sayana(R) Press: can it be a 'game changer' for reducing unmet need for family planning? AU - Spieler, Jeff Y1 - 2014/05// N1 - Accession Number: 103822596. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150306. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; editorial. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Obstetric Care. NLM UID: 0234361. KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Administration and Dosage KW - Developing Countries KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- Administration and Dosage KW - Family Planning KW - Female KW - Injections, Subcutaneous -- Equipment and Supplies SP - 335 EP - 338 JO - Contraception JF - Contraception JA - CONTRACEPTION VL - 89 IS - 5 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0010-7824 AD - Senior Technical Advisor for Science and Technology, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 20523-3600. Electronic address: jspieler@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 24703826. DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.02.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103822596&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103822572 T1 - Subcutaneous DMPA: a better lower dose approach. AU - Shelton, James D AU - Halpern, Vera Y1 - 2014/05// N1 - Accession Number: 103822572. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150306. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Obstetric Care. NLM UID: 0234361. KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Administration and Dosage KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- Administration and Dosage KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Pharmacokinetics KW - Female KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- Pharmacokinetics SP - 341 EP - 343 JO - Contraception JF - Contraception JA - CONTRACEPTION VL - 89 IS - 5 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0010-7824 AD - Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. Electronic address: jshelton@usaid.gov. AD - FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. U2 - PMID: 24267634. DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.10.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103822572&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103822573 T1 - Preference for Sayana(R) Press versus intramuscular Depo-Provera among HIV-positive women in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized crossover trial. AU - Polis, Chelsea B AU - Nakigozi, Gertrude F AU - Nakawooya, Hadijja AU - Mondo, George AU - Makumbi, Fredrick AU - Gray, Ronald H Y1 - 2014/05// N1 - Accession Number: 103822573. Corporate Author: Members of the Rakai Health Sciences Program Sayana Press study team. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150306. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; randomized controlled trial. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Obstetric Care. NLM UID: 0234361. KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Administration and Dosage KW - HIV Infections KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- Administration and Dosage KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Adverse Effects KW - Crossover Design KW - Female KW - Human KW - Injections, Intramuscular -- Adverse Effects KW - Injections, Subcutaneous -- Adverse Effects KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- Adverse Effects KW - Middle Age KW - Patient Satisfaction -- Statistics and Numerical Data KW - Uganda KW - Young Adult SP - 385 EP - 395 JO - Contraception JF - Contraception JA - CONTRACEPTION VL - 89 IS - 5 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0010-7824 AD - Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, D.C., 20004, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address: cpolis@usaid.gov. AD - Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda. AD - Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda. AD - Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. U2 - PMID: 24332432. DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.11.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103822573&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ward, William A. T1 - Time-Path Dependency and The Globalization of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Policy. JO - Law, Innovation & Technology JF - Law, Innovation & Technology Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 6 IS - 1 M3 - Book Review SP - 129 EP - 142 SN - 17579961 KW - ENVIRONMENTAL policy KW - COST effectiveness KW - NONFICTION KW - LIVERMORE, Michael A. KW - REVESZ, Richard L., 1958- KW - GLOBALIZATION of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Policy, The (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 96354785; Ward, William A. 1,2; Affiliation: 1: Professor, Emeritus of Economics, Clemson University 2: Senior Economic Advisor, Economic Policy, United States Agency for International Development; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p129; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL policy; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: GLOBALIZATION of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Policy, The (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; People: LIVERMORE, Michael A.; People: REVESZ, Richard L., 1958-; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Book Review L3 - 10.5235/17579961.6.1.129 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96354785&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sgaier, Sema K. AU - Reed, Jason B. AU - Thomas, Anne AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Achieving the HIV Prevention Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Lessons and Challenges for Managing Programs. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 11 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - : In this Collection Review, Sema Sgaier and colleagues highlight the key points from the PLOS Volunteer Medical Male Circumcision Collection and give some recommendations on the way forward. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - METHODOLOGY KW - MALE reproductive organs -- Surgery KW - HIV infections -- Complications KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - MEDICAL research KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Collection Review KW - Global health KW - HIV KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens N1 - Accession Number: 96281570; Sgaier, Sema K. 1,2; Email Address: Sema.Sgaier@gatesfoundation.org Reed, Jason B. 3 Thomas, Anne 4 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 5; Affiliation: 1: 1 Integrated Delivery, Global Development Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 2: 2 Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America 3: 3 Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington (DC), United States of America 4: 4 Naval Health Research Center, US Department of Defense, San Diego, California, United States of America 5: 5 United States Agency for International Development, Washington (DC), United States of America; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: MALE reproductive organs -- Surgery; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Complications; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collection Review; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001641 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281570&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103822008 T1 - Achieving the HIV prevention impact of voluntary medical male circumcision: lessons and challenges for managing programs. AU - Sgaier, Sema K AU - Reed, Jason B AU - Thomas, Anne AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Y1 - 2014/05// N1 - Accession Number: 103822008. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150116. Revision Date: 20161117. Publication Type: journal article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. Grant Information: //PEPFAR/United States. NLM UID: 101231360. KW - Circumcision -- Economics KW - Circumcision -- Standards KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - National Health Programs -- Administration KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Geographic Factors KW - HIV Infections -- Economics KW - Health Care Costs KW - Male KW - Quality of Health Care SP - e1001641 EP - e1001641 JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine JA - PLOS MED VL - 11 IS - 5 CY - San Francisco, California PB - Public Library of Science AB - Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is capable of reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV from females to males by approximately 60%. In 2007, the WHO and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommended making VMMC part of a comprehensive HIV prevention package in countries with a generalized HIV epidemic and low rates of male circumcision. Modeling studies undertaken in 2009-2011 estimated that circumcising 80% of adult males in 14 priority countries in Eastern and Southern Africa within five years, and sustaining coverage levels thereafter, could avert 3.4 million HIV infections within 15 years and save US$16.5 billion in treatment costs. In response, WHO/UNAIDS launched the Joint Strategic Action Framework for accelerating the scale-up of VMMC for HIV prevention in Southern and Eastern Africa, calling for 80% coverage of adult male circumcision by 2016. While VMMC programs have grown dramatically since inception, they appear unlikely to reach this goal. This review provides an overview of findings from the PLOS Collection "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: Improving Quality, Efficiency, Cost Effectiveness, and Demand for Services during an Accelerated Scale-up." The use of devices for VMMC is also explored. We propose emphasizing management solutions to help VMMC programs in the priority countries achieve the desired impact of averting the greatest possible number of HIV infections. Our recommendations include advocating for prioritization and funding of VMMC, increasing strategic targeting to achieve the goal of reducing HIV incidence, focusing on programmatic efficiency, exploring the role of new technologies, rethinking demand creation, strengthening data use for decision-making, improving governments' program management capacity, strategizing for sustainability, and maintaining a flexible scale-up strategy informed by a strong monitoring, learning, and evaluation platform. SN - 1549-1277 AD - Integrated Delivery, Global Development Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America. AD - Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington (DC), United States of America. AD - Naval Health Research Center, US Department of Defense, San Diego, California, United States of America. AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington (DC), United States of America. U2 - PMID: 24800840. DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001641 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103822008&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Mahler, Hally AU - Rock, Amelia AU - Kanagat, Natasha AU - Magalona, Sophia AU - Curran, Kelly AU - Christensen, Alice AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Mugurungi, Owen AU - Dhlamini, Roy AU - Xaba, Sinokuthemba AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) in Tanzania and Zimbabwe: Service Delivery Intensity and Modality and Their Influence on the Age of Clients. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) to 80% of men aged 15–49 within five years could avert 3.4 million new HIV infections in Eastern and Southern Africa by 2025. Since 2009, Tanzania and Zimbabwe have rapidly expanded VMMC services through different delivery (fixed, outreach or mobile) and intensity (routine services, campaign) models. This review describes the modality and intensity of VMMC services and its influence on the number and age of clients. Methods and Findings: Program reviews were conducted using data from implementing partners in Tanzania (MCHIP) and Zimbabwe (PSI). Key informant interviews (N = 13 Tanzania; N = 8 Zimbabwe) were conducted; transcripts were analyzed using Nvivo. Routine VMMC service data for May 2009–December 2012 were analyzed and presented in frequency tables. A descriptive analysis and association was performed using the z-ratio for the significance of the difference. Key informants in both Tanzania and Zimbabwe believe VMMC scale-up can be achieved by using a mix of service delivery modality and intensity approaches. In Tanzania, the majority of clients served during campaigns (59%) were aged 10–14 years while the majority during routine service delivery (64%) were above 15 (p<0.0001). In Zimbabwe, significantly more VMMCs were done during campaigns (64%) than during routine service delivery (36%) (p<0.00001); the difference in the age of clients accessing services in campaign versus non-campaign settings was significant for age groups 10–24 (p<0.05), but not for older groups. Conclusions: In Tanzania and Zimbabwe, service delivery modalities and intensities affect client profiles in conjunction with other contextual factors such as implementing campaigns during school holidays in Zimbabwe and cultural preference for circumcision at a young age in Tanzania. Formative research needs to be an integral part of VMMC programs to guide the design of service delivery modalities in the face of, or lack of, strong social norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - AGE factors in disease KW - PUBLIC health KW - MEDICINE & the humanities KW - INDUSTRIAL hygiene KW - TANZANIA KW - ZIMBABWE KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Epidemiology KW - Genitourinary infections KW - Global health KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious disease control KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medical humanities KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medical sociology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research Article KW - Urology KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens N1 - Accession Number: 96281908; Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu 1,2; Email Address: Tigi.Adamu@Jhpiego.org Hatzold, Karin 3 Mahler, Hally 4 Rock, Amelia 5 Kanagat, Natasha 5 Magalona, Sophia 5 Curran, Kelly 1,2 Christensen, Alice 1 Castor, Delivette 6 Mugurungi, Owen 7 Dhlamini, Roy 3 Xaba, Sinokuthemba 7 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6; Affiliation: 1: 1 Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP), Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 2: 2 Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 3: 3 Population Services International (PSI), Harare, Zimbabwe 4: 4 MCHIP Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 5: 5 JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 6: 6 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 7: 7 Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: AGE factors in disease; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: MEDICINE & the humanities; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL hygiene; Subject Term: TANZANIA; Subject Term: ZIMBABWE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genitourinary infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious disease control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical humanities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical sociology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0083642 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281908&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bertrand, Jane T. AU - Rech, Dino AU - Omondi Aduda, Dickens AU - Frade, Sasha AU - Loolpapit, Mores AU - Machaku, Michael D. AU - Oyango, Mathews AU - Mavhu, Webster AU - Spyrelis, Alexandra AU - Perry, Linnea AU - Farrell, Margaret AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Systematic Monitoring of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up: Adoption of Efficiency Elements in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: SYMMACS, the Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-up, tracked the implementation and adoption of six elements of surgical efficiency— use of multiple surgical beds, pre-bundled kits, task shifting, task sharing, forceps-guided surgical method, and electrocautery—as standards of surgical efficiency in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Methods and Findings: This multi-country study used two-staged sampling. The first stage sampled VMMC sites: 73 in 2011, 122 in 2012. The second stage involved sampling providers (358 in 2011, 591 in 2012) and VMMC procedures for observation (594 in 2011, 1034 in 2012). The number of VMMC sites increased significantly between 2011 and 2012; marked seasonal variation occurred in peak periods for VMMC. Countries adopted between three and five of the six elements; forceps-guided surgery was the only element adopted by all countries. Kenya and Tanzania routinely practiced task-shifting. South Africa and Zimbabwe used pre-bundled kits with disposable instruments and electrocautery. South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe routinely employed multiple surgical bays. Conclusions: SYMMACS is the first study to provide data on the implementation of VMMC programs and adoption of elements of surgical efficiency. Findings have contributed to policy change on task-shifting in Zimbabwe, a review of the monitoring system for adverse events in South Africa, an increased use of commercially bundled VMMC kits in Tanzania, and policy dialogue on improving VMMC service delivery in Kenya. This article serves as an overview for five other articles following this supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - ELECTROCOAGULATION KW - SEASONAL variations of diseases KW - PUBLIC health KW - FORCEPS KW - SOUTH Africa KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 96281904; Bertrand, Jane T. 1; Email Address: bertrand@tulane.edu Rech, Dino 2 Omondi Aduda, Dickens 3 Frade, Sasha 2 Loolpapit, Mores 3 Machaku, Michael D. 4 Oyango, Mathews 3 Mavhu, Webster 5 Spyrelis, Alexandra 2 Perry, Linnea 1 Farrell, Margaret 1 Castor, Delivette 6 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6; Affiliation: 1: 1 Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health Systems and Development, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America 2: 2 Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 3: 3 FHI 360, Nairobi, Kenya 4: 4 Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Republic of Tanzania 5: 5 Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, Department of Community Medicine UZ, Harare, Zimbabwe 6: 6 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: ELECTROCOAGULATION; Subject Term: SEASONAL variations of diseases; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: FORCEPS; Subject Term: SOUTH Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0082518 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281904&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bollinger, Lori AU - Adesina, Adebiyi AU - Forsythe, Steven AU - Godbole, Ramona AU - Reuben, Elan AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Cost Drivers for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Using Primary Source Data from Sub-Saharan Africa. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: As voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs scale up, there is a pressing need for information about the important cost drivers, and potential efficiency gains. We examine those cost drivers here, and estimate the potential efficiency gains through an econometric model. Methods and Findings: We examined the main cost drivers (i.e., personnel and consumables) associated with providing VMMC in sub-Saharan Africa along a number of dimensions, including facility type and service provider. Primary source facility level data from Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia were utilized throughout. We estimated the efficiency gains by econometrically estimating a cost function in order to calculate the impact of scale and other relevant factors. Personnel and consumables were estimated at 36% and 28%, respectively, of total costs across countries. Economies of scale (EOS) is estimated to be eight at the median volume of VMMCs performed, and EOS falls from 23 at the 25th percentile volume of VMMCs performed to 5.1 at the 75th percentile. Conclusions: The analysis suggests that there is significant room for efficiency improvement as indicated by declining EOS as VMMC volume increases. The scale of the fall in EOS as VMMC volume increases suggests that we are still at the ascension phase of the scale-up of VMMC, where continuing to add new sites results in additional start-up costs as well. A key aspect of improving efficiency is task sharing VMMC procedures, due to the large percentage of overall costs associated with personnel costs. In addition, efficiency improvements in consumables are likely to occur over time as prices and distribution costs decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - PUBLIC health KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - MEDICAL economics KW - COST effectiveness KW - SUB-SAHARAN Africa KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Computer and information sciences KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Cost-minimization analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Epidemiology KW - Health care KW - Health care sector KW - Health economics KW - Health services research KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Human capital KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Operations research KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research Article KW - Social sciences KW - Systems science KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens N1 - Accession Number: 96281913; Bollinger, Lori 1,2,3; Email Address: lbollinger@futuresinstitute.org Adesina, Adebiyi 1,2,3 Forsythe, Steven 1,2,3 Godbole, Ramona 1,2,4,5 Reuben, Elan 5 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 5; Affiliation: 1: 1 Health Policy Initiative Costing Task Order, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 2: 2 Health Policy Project, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 3: 3 Futures Institute, Glastonbury, Connecticut, United States of America 4: 4 Futures Group, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: 5 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: MEDICAL economics; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: SUB-SAHARAN Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer and information sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-benefit analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-minimization analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care sector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human capital; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operations research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systems science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0084701 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281913&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Mavhu, Webster AU - Jasi, Phineas AU - Chatora, Kumbirai AU - Cowan, Frances M. AU - Taruberekera, Noah AU - Mugurungi, Owen AU - Ahanda, Kim AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Barriers and Motivators to Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Uptake among Different Age Groups of Men in Zimbabwe: Results from a Mixed Methods Study. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: We conducted quantitative and qualitative studies to explore barriers and motivating factors to VMMC for HIV prevention, and to assess utilization of existing VMMC communication channels. Methods and Findings: A population-based survey was conducted with 2350 respondents aged 15–49. Analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis between circumcision and selected demographics. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of male circumcision uptake compared to intention to circumcise. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with men purposively selected to represent a range of ethnicities. 68% and 53% of female/male respondents, respectively, had heard about VMMC for HIV prevention, mostly through the radio (71%). Among male respondents, 11.3% reported being circumcised and 49% reported willingness to undergo VMMC. Factors which men reported motivated them to undergo VMMC included HIV/STI prevention (44%), improved hygiene (26%), enhanced sexual performance (6%) and cervical cancer prevention for partner (6%). Factors that deterred men from undergoing VMMC included fear of pain (40%), not believing that they were at risk of HIV (18%), lack of partner support (6%). Additionally, there were differences in motivators and barriers by age. FGDs suggested additional barriers including fear of HIV testing, partner refusal, reluctance to abstain from sex and myths and misconceptions. Conclusions: VMMC demand-creation messages need to be specifically tailored for different ages and should emphasize non-HIV prevention benefits, such as improved hygiene and sexual appeal, and need to address men's fear of pain. Promoting VMMC among women is crucial as they appear to have considerable influence over men's decision to get circumcised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - AGE groups KW - PUBLIC health KW - COMMUNICATION in medicine KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - ZIMBABWE KW - Behavioral and social aspects of health KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Clinical research design KW - Communication in health care KW - Communications KW - Epidemiology KW - Health care KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medical communications KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Research design KW - Social sciences KW - Sociology KW - Survey methods KW - Survey research KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens N1 - Accession Number: 96281914; Hatzold, Karin 1; Email Address: khatzold@psi-zim.co.zw Mavhu, Webster 2,3 Jasi, Phineas 1 Chatora, Kumbirai 1 Cowan, Frances M. 2,3 Taruberekera, Noah 4 Mugurungi, Owen 5 Ahanda, Kim 6 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 6; Affiliation: 1: 1 Population Services International, Harare, Zimbabwe 2: 2 Centre for Sexual Health & HIV/AIDS Research (CeSHHAR), Harare, Zimbabwe 3: 3 Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom 4: 4 Population Services International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: 5 Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe 6: 6 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: AGE groups; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Subject Term: ZIMBABWE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavioral and social aspects of health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clinical research design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communication in health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sociology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0085051 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281914&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jennings, Larissa AU - Bertrand, Jane AU - Rech, Dino AU - Harvey, Steven A. AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Samkange, Christopher A. AU - Omondi Aduda, Dickens S. AU - Fimbo, Bennett AU - Cherutich, Peter AU - Perry, Linnea AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Quality of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services during Scale-Up: A Comparative Process Evaluation in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: The rapid expansion of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has raised concerns whether health systems can deliver and sustain VMMC according to minimum quality criteria. Methods and Findings: A comparative process evaluation was used to examine data from SYMMACS, the Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up, among health facilities providing VMMC across two years of program scale-up. Site-level assessments examined the availability of guidelines, supplies and equipment, infection control, and continuity of care services. Direct observation of VMMC surgeries were used to assess care quality. Two sample tests of proportions and t-tests were used to examine differences in the percent of facilities meeting requisite preparedness standards and the mean number of directly-observed surgical tasks performed correctly. Results showed that safe, high quality VMMC can be implemented and sustained at-scale, although substantial variability was observed over time. In some settings, facility preparedness and VMMC service quality improved as the number of VMMC facilities increased. Yet, lapses in high performance and expansion of considerably deficient services were also observed. Surgical tasks had the highest quality scores, with lower performance levels in infection control, pre-operative examinations, and post-operative patient monitoring and counseling. The range of scale-up models used across countries additionally underscored the complexity of delivering high quality VMMC. Conclusions: Greater efforts are needed to integrate VMMC scale-up and quality improvement processes in sub-Saharan African settings. Monitoring of service quality, not just adverse events reporting, will be essential in realizing the full health impact of VMMC for HIV prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - QUALITY of life KW - PUBLIC health KW - MEDICAL policy KW - HEALTH service areas KW - KENYA KW - Behavioral and social aspects of health KW - Epidemiology KW - General surgery KW - Global health KW - Health care policy KW - Health care quality KW - Health services research KW - Health systems strengthening KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine KW - Non-clinical medicine KW - Public health KW - Research Article KW - Surgery KW - Viral diseases N1 - Accession Number: 96281901; Jennings, Larissa 1; Email Address: ljenning@jhsph.edu Bertrand, Jane 2 Rech, Dino 3 Harvey, Steven A. 1 Hatzold, Karin 4 Samkange, Christopher A. 5 Omondi Aduda, Dickens S. 6 Fimbo, Bennett 7 Cherutich, Peter 8 Perry, Linnea 2 Castor, Delivette 9 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 9; Affiliation: 1: 1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 2: 2 Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health Systems and Development, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America 3: 3 The Centre for HIV and AIDS Prevention Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa 4: 4 Population Services International, Harare, Zimbabwe 5: 5 Institute of Continuing Health Education, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe 6: 6 Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya 7: 7 Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 8: 8 National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya 9: 9 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., United States of America; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: QUALITY of life; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: HEALTH service areas; Subject Term: KENYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavioral and social aspects of health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: General surgery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-clinical medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0079524 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281901&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mavhu, Webster AU - Frade, Sasha AU - Yongho, Ann-Marie AU - Farrell, Margaret AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Machaku, Michael AU - Onyango, Mathews AU - Mugurungi, Owen AU - Fimbo, Bennett AU - Cherutich, Peter AU - Rech, Dino AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Bertrand, Jane T. T1 - Provider Attitudes toward the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Countries participating in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) scale-up have adopted most of six elements of surgical efficiency, depending on national policy. However, effective implementation of these elements largely depends on providers' attitudes and subsequent compliance. We explored the concordance between recommended practices and providers' perceptions toward the VMMC efficiency elements, in part to inform review of national policies. Methods and Findings: As part of Systematic Monitoring of the VMMC Scale-up (SYMMACS), we conducted a survey of VMMC providers in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. SYMMACS assessed providers' attitudes and perceptions toward these elements in 2011 and 2012. A restricted analysis using 2012 data to calculate unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the country effect on each attitudinal outcome was done using logistic regression. As only two countries allow more than one cadre to perform the surgical procedure, odds ratios looking at country effect were adjusted for cadre effect for these two countries. Qualitative data from open-ended responses were used to triangulate with quantitative analyses. This analysis showed concordance between each country's policies and provider attitudes toward the efficiency elements. One exception was task-shifting, which is not authorized in South Africa or Zimbabwe; providers across all countries approved this practice. Conclusions: The decision to adopt efficiency elements is often based on national policies. The concordance between the policies of each country and provider attitudes bodes well for compliance and effective implementation. However, study findings suggest that there may be need to consult providers when developing national policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - PUBLIC health KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - MEDICAL care -- Quality control KW - MEDICAL informatics KW - MEDICAL microbiology KW - ZIMBABWE KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Database and informatics methods KW - Epidemiology KW - Health care KW - Health care policy KW - Health care providers KW - Health care quality KW - Health informatics KW - Health services administration and management KW - Health services research KW - Health systems strengthening KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens N1 - Accession Number: 96281906; Mavhu, Webster 1; Email Address: mailto:wmavhu@gmail.com Frade, Sasha 2 Yongho, Ann-Marie 3 Farrell, Margaret 3 Hatzold, Karin 4 Machaku, Michael 5 Onyango, Mathews 6 Mugurungi, Owen 7 Fimbo, Bennett 8 Cherutich, Peter 9 Rech, Dino 2 Castor, Delivette 10 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 10 Bertrand, Jane T. 3; Affiliation: 1: 1 Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project-UZ, Department of Community Medicine UZ, Harare, Zimbabwe 2: 2 Centre for HIV and AIDS Prevention Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa 3: 3 Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health Systems and Development, New Orleans, LA, USA 4: 4 Population Services International, Harare, Zimbabwe 5: 5 Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Republic of Tanzania 6: 6 FHI 360, Kisumu, Kenya 7: 7 Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe 8: 8 Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Republic of Tanzania 9: 9 National AIDS/STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya 10: 10 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Quality control; Subject Term: MEDICAL informatics; Subject Term: MEDICAL microbiology; Subject Term: ZIMBABWE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Database and informatics methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care providers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health informatics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services administration and management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0082911 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281906&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Menon, Veena AU - Gold, Elizabeth AU - Godbole, Ramona AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Mahler, Hally AU - Forsythe, Steven AU - Ally, Mariam AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Costs and Impacts of Scaling up Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Tanzania. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Given the proven effectiveness of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in preventing the spread of HIV, Tanzania is scaling up VMMC as an HIV prevention strategy. This study will inform policymakers about the potential costs and benefits of scaling up VMMC services in Tanzania. Methodology: The analysis first assessed the unit costs of delivering VMMC at the facility level in three regions—Iringa, Kagera, and Mbeya—via three currently used VMMC service delivery models (routine, campaign, and mobile/island outreach). Subsequently, using these unit cost data estimates, the study used the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT) to estimate the costs and impact of a scaled-up VMMC program. Results: Increasing VMMC could substantially reduce HIV infection. Scaling up adult VMMC to reach 87.9% coverage by 2015 would avert nearly 23,000 new adult HIV infections through 2015 and an additional 167,500 from 2016 through 2025—at an additional cost of US$253.7 million through 2015 and US$302.3 million from 2016 through 2025. Average cost per HIV infection averted would be US$11,300 during 2010–2015 and US$3,200 during 2010–2025. Scaling up VMMC in Tanzania will yield significant net benefits (benefits of treatment costs averted minus the cost of performing circumcisions) in the long run—around US$4,200 in net benefits for each infection averted. Conclusion: VMMC could have an immediate impact on HIV transmission, but the full impact on prevalence and deaths will only be apparent in the longer term because VMMC averts infections some years into the future among people who have been circumcised. Given the health and economic benefits of investing in VMMC, the scale-up of services should continue to be a central component of the national HIV prevention strategy in Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - PUBLIC health KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - UROLOGY KW - TANZANIA KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Genitourinary infections KW - Health economics KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine KW - Non-clinical medicine KW - Public health KW - Research Article KW - Urology KW - Viral diseases N1 - Accession Number: 96281909; Menon, Veena 1,2; Email Address: vmenon@futuresgroup.com Gold, Elizabeth 3 Godbole, Ramona 1,2,4 Castor, Delivette 4 Mahler, Hally 5 Forsythe, Steven 1,6 Ally, Mariam 7 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 4; Affiliation: 1: 1 HPI Costing Task Order, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 2: 2 Futures Group, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 3: 3 Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program Jhpiego, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 4: 4 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: 5 Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 6: 6 Futures Institute, Glastonbury, Connecticut, United States of America 7: 7 Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Subject Term: UROLOGY; Subject Term: TANZANIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost effectiveness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genitourinary infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-clinical medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0083925 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281909&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Kripke, Katharine AU - Hatzold, Karin AU - Reed, Jason AU - Edgil, Dianna AU - Jaramillo, Juan AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Forsythe, Steven AU - Xaba, Sinokuthemba AU - Mugurungi, Owen T1 - Cost Analysis of Integrating the PrePex Medical Device into a Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program in Zimbabwe. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Fourteen African countries are scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention. Several devices that might offer alternatives to the three WHO-approved surgical VMMC procedures have been evaluated for use in adults. One such device is PrePex, which was prequalified by the WHO in May 2013. We utilized data from one of the PrePex field studies undertaken in Zimbabwe to identify cost considerations for introducing PrePex into the existing surgical circumcision program. Methods and Findings: We evaluated the cost drivers and overall unit cost of VMMC at a site providing surgical VMMC as a routine service (“routine surgery site”) and at a site that had added PrePex VMMC procedures to routine surgical VMMC as part of a research study (“mixed study site”). We examined the main cost drivers and modeled hypothetical scenarios with varying ratios of surgical to PrePex circumcisions, different levels of site utilization, and a range of device prices. The unit costs per VMMC for the routine surgery and mixed study sites were $56 and $61, respectively. The two greatest contributors to unit price at both sites were consumables and staff. In the hypothetical scenarios, the unit cost increased as site utilization decreased, as the ratio of PrePex to surgical VMMC increased, and as device price increased. Conclusions: VMMC unit costs for routine surgery and mixed study sites were similar. Low service utilization was projected to result in the greatest increases in unit price. Countries that wish to incorporate PrePex into their circumcision programs should plan to maximize staff utilization and ensure that sites function at maximum capacity to achieve the lowest unit cost. Further costing studies will be necessary once routine implementation of PrePex-based circumcision is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - MEDICAL equipment KW - COST analysis KW - PUBLIC health KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - MEDICAL microbiology KW - ZIMBABWE KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Biotechnology KW - Clinical medicine KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Cost-effectiveness analysis KW - Cost-minimization analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Epidemiology KW - Health care KW - Health economics KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medical devices and equipment KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research Article KW - Science policy KW - Science policy and economics KW - Social sciences KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens N1 - Accession Number: 96281905; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 1 Kripke, Katharine 2; Email Address: kkripke@futuresinstitute.org Hatzold, Karin 3 Reed, Jason 4 Edgil, Dianna 1 Jaramillo, Juan 5 Castor, Delivette 1 Forsythe, Steven 2 Xaba, Sinokuthemba 6 Mugurungi, Owen 6; Affiliation: 1: 1 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States of America 2: 2 Health Policy Initiative, Futures Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America 3: 3 Population Services International, Harare, Zimbabwe 4: 4 Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC, United States of America 5: 5 The Partnership for Supply Chain Management System, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America 6: 6 Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: MEDICAL equipment; Subject Term: COST analysis; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Subject Term: MEDICAL microbiology; Subject Term: ZIMBABWE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clinical medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-benefit analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-minimization analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical devices and equipment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science policy and economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0082533 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281905&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perry, Linnea AU - Rech, Dino AU - Mavhu, Webster AU - Frade, Sasha AU - Machaku, Michael D. AU - Onyango, Mathews AU - Aduda, Dickens S. Omondi. AU - Fimbo, Bennett AU - Cherutich, Peter AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Bertrand, Jane T. T1 - Work Experience, Job-Fulfillment and Burnout among VMMC Providers in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: Human resource capacity is vital to the scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services. VMMC providers are at risk of “burnout” from performing a single task repeatedly in a high volume work environment that produces long work hours and intense work effort. Methods and findings: The Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-up (SYMMACS) surveyed VMMC providers in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe in 2011 (n = 357) and 2012 (n = 591). Providers self-reported on their training, work experience, levels of job-fulfillment and work fatigue/burnout. Data analysis included a descriptive analysis of VMMC provider characteristics, and both bivariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with provider work fatigue/burnout. In 2012, Kenyan providers had worked in VMMC for a median of 31 months compared to South Africa (10 months), Tanzania (15 months), and Zimbabwe (11 months). More than three-quarters (78 – 99%) of providers in all countries in 2012 reported that VMMC is a personally fulfilling job. However, 67% of Kenyan providers reported starting to experience work fatigue/burnout compared to South Africa (33%), Zimbabwe (17%), and Tanzania (15%). Despite the high level of work fatigue/burnout in Kenya, none of the measured factors (i.e., gender, age, full-time versus part-time status, length of service, number of operations performed, or cadre) were significantly associated with work fatigue/burnout in 2011. In 2012, logistic regression found increases in age (p<.05) and number of months working in VMMC (p<.01) were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing work fatigue/burnout, while higher career total VMMCs decreased the likelihood of experiencing burnout. Conclusion: Given cross-country differences, further elucidation of cultural and other contextual factors that may influence provider burnout is required. Continuing to emphasize the contribution that providers make in the fight against HIV/AIDS is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - WORK experience (Employment) KW - JOB qualifications KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - BURNOUT (Psychology) KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - Allied health care professionals KW - Epidemiology KW - Global health KW - Health care policy KW - Health care providers KW - Health services administration and management KW - Health services research KW - Health systems strengthening KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine KW - Non-clinical medicine KW - Occupational and industrial health KW - Public health KW - Research Article KW - Survey methods KW - Viral diseases N1 - Accession Number: 96281911; Perry, Linnea 1; Email Address: lperry@tulane.edu Rech, Dino 2 Mavhu, Webster 3 Frade, Sasha 2 Machaku, Michael D. 4 Onyango, Mathews 5 Aduda, Dickens S. Omondi. 6 Fimbo, Bennett 7 Cherutich, Peter 8 Castor, Delivette 9 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 9 Bertrand, Jane T. 1; Affiliation: 1: 1 Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health Systems and Development, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America 2: 2 The Centre for HIV and AIDS Prevention Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa 3: 3 Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine UZ, Harare, Zimbabwe 4: 4 Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Republic of Tanzania 5: 5 FHI 360, Kisumu, Kenya 6: 6 Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya 7: 7 Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Republic of Tanzania 8: 8 National AIDS/STI Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya 9: 9 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States of America; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: WORK experience (Employment); Subject Term: JOB qualifications; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: BURNOUT (Psychology); Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Allied health care professionals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care providers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services administration and management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-clinical medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Occupational and industrial health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0084215 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281911&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rech, Dino AU - Spyrelis, Alexandra AU - Frade, Sasha AU - Perry, Linnea AU - Farrell, Margaret AU - Fertziger, Rebecca AU - Toledo, Carlos AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Loykissoonlal, Dayanund AU - Bertrand, Jane T. T1 - Implications of the Fast-Evolving Scale-Up of Adult Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for Quality of Services in South Africa. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: The scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services in South Africa has been rapid, in an attempt to achieve the national government target of 4.3 million adult male circumcisions for HIV prevention by 2016. This study assesses the effect of the scale-up on the quality of the VMMC program. Methods and Findings: This analysis compares the quality of services at 15 sites operational in 2011 to (1) the same 15 sites in 2012 and (2) to a set of 40 sites representing the expanded program in 2012. Trained clinicians scored each site on 29 items measuring readiness to provide quality services (abbreviated version of the WHO Quality Assessment [QA] Guide) and 29 items to assess quality of surgical care provided (pre-op, surgical technique and post-op) based on the observation of VMMC procedures at each site. Declines in quality far outnumbered improvements. The negative effects in terms of readiness to provide quality services were most evident in expanded sites, whereas the declines in provision of quality services tended to affect both repeat sites and expanded sites equally. Areas of notable concern included the monitoring of adverse events, external supervision, post-operative counselling, and some infection control issues. Scores on quality of surgical technique tended to be among the highest across the 58 items observed, and the South Africa program has clearly institutionalized three “best practices” for surgical efficiency. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the challenges of rapidly developing large numbers of new VMMC sites with the necessary equipment, supplies, and protocols. The scale-up in South Africa has diluted human resources, with negative effects for both the original sites and the expanded program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HOSPITAL care quality KW - QUALITY of life KW - PUBLIC health KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - SOUTH Africa KW - Global health KW - Health care policy KW - Health care quality KW - Health services research KW - Health systems strengthening KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine KW - Non-clinical medicine KW - Quality of care KW - Research Article KW - Viral diseases N1 - Accession Number: 96281903; Rech, Dino 1; Email Address: Dino@chaps.org.za Spyrelis, Alexandra 1 Frade, Sasha 1 Perry, Linnea 2 Farrell, Margaret 2 Fertziger, Rebecca 3 Toledo, Carlos 4 Castor, Delivette 5 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 5 Loykissoonlal, Dayanund 6 Bertrand, Jane T. 2; Affiliation: 1: 1 Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention Studies (CHAPS), Johannesburg, South Africa 2: 2 Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America 3: 3 United States Agency for International Development, Pretoria, South Africa 4: 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa 5: 5 United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States of America 6: 6 South African National Department of Health, South Africa; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HOSPITAL care quality; Subject Term: QUALITY of life; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Subject Term: SOUTH Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-clinical medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality of care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0080577 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281903&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rech, Dino AU - Bertrand, Jane T. AU - Thomas, Nicholas AU - Farrell, Margaret AU - Reed, Jason AU - Frade, Sasha AU - Samkange, Christopher AU - Obiero, Walter AU - Agot, Kawango AU - Mahler, Hally AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Surgical Efficiencies and Quality in the Performance of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Procedures in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Introduction: This analysis explores the association between elements of surgical efficiency in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), quality of surgical technique, and the amount of time required to conduct VMMC procedures in actual field settings. Efficiency outcomes are defined in terms of the primary provider’s time with the client (PPTC) and total elapsed operating time (TEOT). Methods: Two serial cross-sectional surveys of VMMC sites were conducted in Kenya, Republic of South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe in 2011 and 2012. Trained clinicians observed quality of surgical technique and timed 9 steps in the VMMC procedure. Four elements of efficiency (task-shifting, task-sharing [of suturing], rotation among multiple surgical beds, and use of electrocautery) and quality of surgical technique were assessed as explanatory variables. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used in the bivariate analysis and linear regression models for the multivariate analyses to test the relationship between these five explanatory variables and two outcomes: PPTC and TEOT. The VMMC procedure TEOT and PPTC averaged 23–25 minutes and 6–15 minutes, respectively, across the four countries and two years. The data showed time savings from task-sharing in suturing and use of electrocautery in South Africa and Zimbabwe (where task-shifting is not authorized). After adjusting for confounders, results demonstrated that having a secondary provider complete suturing and use of electrocautery reduced PPTC. Factors related to TEOT varied by country and year, but task-sharing of suturing and/or electrocautery were significant in two countries. Quality of surgical technique was not significantly related to PPTC or TEOT, except for South Africa in 2012 where higher quality was associated with lower TEOT. Conclusions: SYMMACS data confirm the efficiency benefits of task-sharing of suturing and use of electrocautery for decreasing TEOT. Reduced TEOT and PPTC in high volume setting did not result in decreased quality of surgical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HOSPITAL care quality KW - PRIMARY care (Medicine) KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - ELECTROCOAGULATION KW - PUBLIC health KW - SOUTH Africa KW - Biology and life sciences KW - Clinical research design KW - Epidemiology KW - Health care KW - Health care policy KW - Health care providers KW - Health care quality KW - Health services research KW - Health systems strengthening KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Immunodeficiency viruses KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medical microbiology KW - Medicine and health sciences KW - Microbial pathogens KW - Microbiology KW - Observational studies KW - Preventive medicine KW - Public and occupational health KW - Research and analysis methods KW - Research Article KW - Research design KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Viral diseases KW - Viral pathogens N1 - Accession Number: 96281912; Rech, Dino 1; Email Address: dino@chaps.org.za Bertrand, Jane T. 2 Thomas, Nicholas 2 Farrell, Margaret 2 Reed, Jason 3 Frade, Sasha 1 Samkange, Christopher 4 Obiero, Walter 5 Agot, Kawango 6 Mahler, Hally 7 Castor, Delivette 8 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 8; Affiliation: 1: 1 The Centre for HIV and AIDS Prevention Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa 2: 2 Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health Systems and Development, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America 3: 3 U.S. Department of State, President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, Washington, D.C, United States of America 4: 4 Institute of Continuing Health Education, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe 5: 5 National Reproductive Health Society, Kisumu, Kenya 6: 6 Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya 7: 7 Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 8: 8 United States Agency for International Development, Washington D.C., United States of America; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HOSPITAL care quality; Subject Term: PRIMARY care (Medicine); Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: ELECTROCOAGULATION; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: SOUTH Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clinical research design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care providers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodeficiency viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Observational studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surgical and invasive medical procedures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral pathogens; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0084271 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96281912&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guamuch, Monica AU - Dary, Omar AU - Rambelson, Zo AU - Cruz, Vanessa AU - Villalpando, Salvador AU - Tom, Carol AU - Afidra, Ronald AU - Makhumula, Phillip T1 - Model for estimating nutrient addition contents to staple foods fortified simultaneously: Mexico and Kampala data. JO - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Y1 - 2014/04/15/ VL - 1312 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 76 EP - 90 SN - 00778923 AB - The objective of this work was to present a generic model for estimating fortification contents when several food vehicles are being considered simultaneously. It is based on approximating the magnitude of the nutritional inadequacy of the population (nutrient gap), the optimal use of the combination of food vehicles (fortifiable food energy, FFE), and the upper intake level to decrease the possibility that individuals with the highest combined intake of all food vehicles will exceed it. The model is intended to be used when only per capita food and micronutrient intake information, not detailed food intake data, are available. Food consumption survey data from Mexico and Kampala (Uganda) were analyzed for adult women, assuming that their intake may be similar to general per capita values. General adjustment factors for estimating the lowest and highest FFE and micronutrient intake for satisfying the requirements of other family members were calculated. These factors were used to estimate the additional effective content and the maximum allowable content, and then the recommended nutrient contents at the consumers' level were chosen on the basis of technological compatibility and cost. The method should be used in other contexts to test its validity as well as its application to nonstaple foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DATA analysis KW - FOOD consumption KW - TRACE elements in nutrition KW - FOOD -- Caloric content KW - HEALTH surveys KW - KAMPALA (Uganda) KW - food fortification KW - fortification contents KW - micronutrients N1 - Accession Number: 95576853; Guamuch, Monica 1 Dary, Omar 2,3 Rambelson, Zo 4 Cruz, Vanessa 5 Villalpando, Salvador 5 Tom, Carol Afidra, Ronald 6 Makhumula, Phillip; Affiliation: 1: Guatemala City, Guatemala 2: International Economic Growth Division, Abt Associates 3: currently at the Nutrition Division of the Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development 4: Monitoring and Evaluation, Research Triangle Park 5: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP) 6: Flour Fortification Initiative; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 1312 Issue 1, p76; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: FOOD consumption; Subject Term: TRACE elements in nutrition; Subject Term: FOOD -- Caloric content; Subject Term: HEALTH surveys; Subject Term: KAMPALA (Uganda); Author-Supplied Keyword: food fortification; Author-Supplied Keyword: fortification contents; Author-Supplied Keyword: micronutrients; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/nyas.12350 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95576853&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Makhumula, Phillip AU - Dary, Omar AU - Guamuch, Monica AU - Tom, Carol AU - Afidra, Ronald AU - Rambeloson, Zo T1 - Legislative frameworks for corn flour and maize meal fortification. JO - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Y1 - 2014/04/15/ VL - 1312 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 91 EP - 104 SN - 00778923 AB - Corn flour and maize meal fortification can benefit the consumer when the added nutrient contents are in amounts appropriate to address nutrient gaps. Legislative instruments (standards and regulations) are needed to provide guidance to the producers and food control authorities. We reviewed a number of national standards and regulations of fortified corn flour and maize meal and identified constraints; contrary to current belief, the practice of using minimum contents or ranges of nutrients has caused confusion, misinterpretation, and conflict, and should therefore be abandoned. On the basis of the findings, a model of fortification legislation is proposed, in which the additional content and the expected average nutrient content in a final product are recommended as the main parameters for quality control and enforcement. For labeling, the average content, or one adjusted to the expected content of the product at the market, can be applied. Variation in micronutrient contents should still be checked to ensure homogeneity but with adherence to clear procedures of sampling and testing, which should be part of the standards and regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CORN flour KW - CORN as feed KW - CONSUMERS KW - TRACE elements in nutrition KW - DIETARY supplements KW - FOOD supply KW - corn flour KW - food fortification KW - fortification contents KW - maize meal KW - micronutrients N1 - Accession Number: 95576846; Makhumula, Phillip 1 Dary, Omar 2,3 Guamuch, Monica Tom, Carol Afidra, Ronald 4 Rambeloson, Zo 5; Affiliation: 1: Lilongwe, Malawi 2: International Economic Growth Division, Abt Associates 3: currently at the U.S. Agency for International Development's Bureau for Global Health 4: Flour Fortification Initiative 5: FHI 360, Monitoring and Evaluation, Durham; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 1312 Issue 1, p91; Subject Term: CORN flour; Subject Term: CORN as feed; Subject Term: CONSUMERS; Subject Term: TRACE elements in nutrition; Subject Term: DIETARY supplements; Subject Term: FOOD supply; Author-Supplied Keyword: corn flour; Author-Supplied Keyword: food fortification; Author-Supplied Keyword: fortification contents; Author-Supplied Keyword: maize meal; Author-Supplied Keyword: micronutrients; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311119 Other Animal Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446191 Food (Health) Supplement Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311211 Flour Milling; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 7 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/nyas.12349 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95576846&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne T1 - Silver bullets, glass beads, and strengthening Africa's HIV response. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2014/04/05/ VL - 383 IS - 9924 M3 - Article SP - 1203 EP - 1204 SN - 00995355 AB - The article discusses the use of beadwork to convey messages on matters of sex and promote AIDS awareness in Africa. Topics discussed include beadworkers' belief that important and sensitive issues were best communicated through less direct communication forms such as song, dance and storytelling, creation of the beaded tableux to show how women could protect themselves against the HIV and ways that could improve HIV and other health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. KW - BEADWORK KW - HANDICRAFT -- Social aspects KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - PREVENTION KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - SUB-SAHARAN Africa KW - SUB-Saharan Africa -- Social life & customs N1 - Accession Number: 95457586; Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne 1; Email Address: Sleclerc-madlala@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Office of HIV/AIDS, Global Health Bureau, USAID, Washington DC 2000, USA; Source Info: 4/5/2014, Vol. 383 Issue 9924, p1203; Subject Term: BEADWORK; Subject Term: HANDICRAFT -- Social aspects; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: SUB-SAHARAN Africa; Subject Term: SUB-Saharan Africa -- Social life & customs; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95457586&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luo, Yufeng AU - Chang, Xiaomin AU - Peng, Shizhang AU - Khan, Shahbaz AU - Wang, Weiguang AU - Zheng, Qiang AU - Cai, Xueliang T1 - Short-term forecasting of daily reference evapotranspiration using the Hargreaves–Samani model and temperature forecasts. JO - Agricultural Water Management JF - Agricultural Water Management Y1 - 2014/04// VL - 136 M3 - Article SP - 42 EP - 51 SN - 03783774 AB - Highlights: [•] We proposed a method for short-term forecasting of reference evapotranspiration. [•] Temperature forecasts for 7-day horizons were used. [•] Accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated. [•] Errors were caused by errors in inputs and inherent defect of the employed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Agricultural Water Management is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION KW - MINIMUM temperature forecasting KW - EFFECT of temperature on plants KW - SOIL horizons KW - WATER supply KW - Irrigation forecast KW - Irrigation scheduling KW - Observed meteorological data KW - Reference evapotranspiration KW - Weather forecast data N1 - Accession Number: 94793455; Luo, Yufeng 1; Email Address: yfluo@hhu.edu.cn Chang, Xiaomin 1 Peng, Shizhang 1 Khan, Shahbaz 2 Wang, Weiguang 1 Zheng, Qiang 1 Cai, Xueliang 3; Affiliation: 1: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China 2: Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific UNESCO, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia 3: Southern African Office, International Water Management Institute, Pretoria 0184, South Africa; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 136, p42; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: MINIMUM temperature forecasting; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on plants; Subject Term: SOIL horizons; Subject Term: WATER supply; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irrigation forecast; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irrigation scheduling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Observed meteorological data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reference evapotranspiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weather forecast data; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.01.006 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94793455&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ingwersen, Wesley AU - Garmestani, Ahjond AU - Gonzalez, Michael AU - Templeton, Joshua T1 - A systems perspective on responses to climate change. JO - Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy JF - Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy Y1 - 2014/04// VL - 16 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 719 EP - 730 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1618954X AB - The science of climate change integrates many scientific fields to explain and predict the complex effects of greenhouse gas concentrations on the planet's energy balance, weather patterns, and ecosystems as well as economic and social systems. A changing climate requires responses to curtail climate forcing as well as to adapt to impending changes. Responses can be categorized into mitigation and adaptation-the former involving efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the latter involving strategies to adapt to predicted changes. These responses must be of significant scale and extent to be effective, but significant tradeoffs and unintended effects must be avoided. Concepts and science based on systems theory are needed to reduce the risk of unintended consequences from potential responses to climate change. We propose expanding on a conventional risk-based approach to include additional ways of analyzing risks and benefits, such as considering potential cascading ecological effects, full life cycle environmental impacts, and unintended consequences, as well as considering possible co-benefits of responses. Selected responses to climate change are assessed with this expanded set of criteria, and we find that mitigation measures that involve reducing emissions of greenhouse gases that provide corollary benefits are likely to have less negative indirect impacts than large-scale solar radiation management approaches. However, because effects of climate change are unavoidable in the near and medium-term, adaptation strategies that will make societies more resilient in the face of impending change are essential to sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Climatic changes KW - Renewable energy industry KW - Systems theory KW - Economic systems KW - Social systems KW - Adaptation strategies KW - Climate mitigation KW - Life cycle thinking KW - Risk-benefit analysis N1 - Accession Number: 95632697; Ingwersen, Wesley 1; Email Address: ingwersen.wesley@epa.gov; Garmestani, Ahjond 1; Gonzalez, Michael 1; Templeton, Joshua 2; Affiliations: 1: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26W Martin Luther King Drive Cincinnati 45268 USA; 2: United States Agency for International Development, US Embassy Peru, Avenida La Encalada, Lima Peru; Issue Info: Apr2014, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p719; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Renewable energy industry; Subject Term: Systems theory; Subject Term: Economic systems; Subject Term: Social systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation strategies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life cycle thinking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Risk-benefit analysis; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10098-012-0577-z UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=95632697&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103817300 T1 - The use of modern quality improvement approaches to strengthen African health systems: a 5-year agenda. AU - Heiby, James Y1 - 2014/04// N1 - Accession Number: 103817300. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150206. Revision Date: 20161118. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 9434628. KW - Health Care Delivery -- Administration KW - Quality Improvement -- Administration KW - Africa KW - Organizational Development -- Administration KW - Health Care Delivery -- Standards KW - Medical Practice, Evidence-Based KW - Communication KW - Employee Orientation KW - Quality Improvement -- Standards SP - 117 EP - 123 JO - International Journal for Quality in Health Care JF - International Journal for Quality in Health Care JA - INT J QUAL HEALTH CARE VL - 26 IS - 2 PB - Oxford University Press / USA AB - There is a growing international consensus that African health systems need to improve, but no agreement on how to accomplish this. From the perspective of modern quality improvement (QI), a central issue for low performance in these health systems is the relative neglect of health-care processes. Both health system leaders and international donors have focused their efforts elsewhere, producing noteworthy health gains. But these gains are at risk if health systems do not develop the capacity to study and improve care processes. Substantial experience with QI in Africa shows impressive potential for broad-based process improvement. But this experience also highlights the need for modifying these growing programs to incorporate a more rigorous learning component to address challenges that have emerged recently. The addition of a region-wide knowledge management program could increase the efficiency of each country's QI program by learning from the experiences of other programs. With a coordinated donor initiative, it is reasonable to project that within 5 years, evidence-based improvement will become a norm in health services, and African health systems will approach the model of a learning organization. SN - 1353-4505 AD - U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20523, USA. jheiby@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 24481053. DO - 10.1093/intqhc/mzt093 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103817300&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-23140-002 AN - 2014-23140-002 AU - Heiby, James T1 - The use of modern quality improvement approaches to strengthen African health systems: A 5-year agenda. JF - International Journal for Quality in Health Care JO - International Journal for Quality in Health Care JA - Int J Qual Health Care Y1 - 2014/04// VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 123 CY - United Kingdom PB - Oxford University Press SN - 1353-4505 SN - 1464-3677 AD - Heiby, James, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-23140-002. PMID: 24481053 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Heiby, James; US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20140901. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Knowledge Management; Mental Health Services; Organizational Learning; Quality of Care. Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10). Location: Africa. References Available: Y. Page Count: 7. Issue Publication Date: Apr, 2014. Publication History: First Posted Date: Jan 30, 2014; Accepted Date: Dec 1, 2013. AB - There is a growing international consensus that African health systems need to improve, but no agreement on how to accomplish this. From the perspective of modern quality improvement (QI), a central issue for low performance in these health systems is the relative neglect of health-care processes. Both health system leaders and international donors have focused their efforts elsewhere, producing noteworthy health gains. But these gains are at risk if health systems do not develop the capacity to study and improve care processes. Substantial experience with QI in Africa shows impressive potential for broad-based process improvement. But this experience also highlights the need for modifying these growing programs to incorporate a more rigorous learning component to address challenges that have emerged recently. The addition of a region-wide knowledge management program could increase the efficiency of each country’s QI program by learning from the experiences of other programs. With a coordinated donor initiative, it is reasonable to project that within 5 years, evidence-based improvement will become a norm in health services, and African health systems will approach the model of a learning organization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - health care services KW - quality of care KW - learning organization KW - knowledge management KW - African health systems KW - 2014 KW - Knowledge Management KW - Mental Health Services KW - Organizational Learning KW - Quality of Care KW - 2014 DO - 10.1093/intqhc/mzt093 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-23140-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jheiby@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-30424-007 AN - 2014-30424-007 AU - Fieno, John AU - Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne T1 - The promise and limitations of cash transfer programs for HIV prevention. JF - African Journal of AIDS Research JO - African Journal of AIDS Research JA - Afr J AIDS Res Y1 - 2014/04// VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 153 EP - 160 CY - South Africa PB - NISC Pty Ltd SN - 1608-5906 SN - 1727-9445 AD - Fieno, John N1 - Accession Number: 2014-30424-007. PMID: 25174632 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Fieno, John; Regional HIV/AIDS Program, US Agency for International Development, Pretoria, South Africa. Release Date: 20140915. Correction Date: 20150629. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Health Promotion; Strategies; Health Care Policy. Minor Descriptor: Costs and Cost Analysis; Intervention; Monetary Rewards. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). Location: Africa. References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Apr, 2014. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. NISC (Pty) Ltd. AB - As the search for more effective HIV prevention strategies continues, increased attention is being paid to the potential role of cash transfers in prevention programming in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, studies testing the impact of both conditional and unconditional cash transfers on HIV-related behaviours and outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa have been relatively small-scale and their potential feasibility, costs and benefits at scale, among other things, remain largely unexplored. This article examines elements of a successful cash transfer program from Latin America and discusses challenges inherent in scaling-up such programs. The authors attempt a cost simulation of a cash transfer program for HIV prevention in South Africa comparing its cost and relative effectiveness – in number of HIV infections averted – against other prevention interventions. If a cash transfer program were to be taken to scale, the intervention would not have a substantial effect on decreasing the force of the epidemic in middle- and low-income countries. The integration of cash transfer programs into other sectors and linking them to a broader objective such as girls’ educational attainment may be one way of addressing doubts raised by the authors regarding their value for HIV prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - cash transfer programs KW - HIV prevention KW - cost effectiveness KW - intervention KW - 2014 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Health Promotion KW - Strategies KW - Health Care Policy KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Intervention KW - Monetary Rewards KW - 2014 DO - 10.2989/16085906.2014.943251 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-30424-007&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jfieno@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-11089-007 AN - 2014-11089-007 AU - Johns, Benjamin AU - Asfaw, Elias AU - Wong, Wendy AU - Bekele, Abebe AU - Minior, Thomas AU - Kebede, Amha AU - Palen, John T1 - Assessing the costs and effects of antiretroviral therapy task shifting from physicians to other health professionals in Ethiopia. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2014/04/01/ VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - e140 EP - e147 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Johns, Benjamin, Abt Associates, Inc., 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Bethesda, MD, US, 20814 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-11089-007. PMID: 24577187 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Johns, Benjamin; Abt Associates, Inc., Bethesda, MD, US. Release Date: 20151123. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Therapy; Health Care Costs; Task Analysis. Minor Descriptor: Physicians. Classification: Medical Treatment of Physical Illness (3363). Population: Human (10). Location: Ethiopia. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Followup Study; Longitudinal Study; Retrospective Study; Interview; Quantitative Study; Treatment Outcome. Supplemental Data: Experimental Materials Internet. References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Apr 1, 2014. Publication History: Accepted Date: Nov 5, 2013; First Submitted Date: Nov 5, 2013. Copyright Statement: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013. AB - Objective: To evaluate the effects, costs, and cost-effectiveness of different degrees of antiretroviral therapy task shifting from physician to other health professionals in Ethiopia. Design: Two-year retrospective cohort analysis on antiretroviral therapy patients coupled with cost analysis. Interventions: Facilities with minimal or moderate task shifting compared with facilities with maximal task shifting. Maximal task shifting is defined as nonphysician clinicians handling both severe drug reactions and antiretroviral drug regimen changes. Secondary analysis compares health centers to hospitals. Main outcome measures: The primary effectiveness measure is the probability of a patient remaining actively on antiretroviral therapy for 2 years; the cost measure is the cost per patient per year. Results: All facilities had some task shifting. About 89% of patients were actively on treatment 2 years after antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation, with no statistically significant differences between facilities with maximal and minimal or moderate task shifting. It cost about $206 per patient per year for ART, with no statistically significant difference between the comparison groups. The cost-effectiveness of maximal task shifting is similar to minimal or moderate task shifting, with the same results obtained using regression to control for facility characteristics. Conclusions: Shifting the handling of both severe drug reactions and antiretroviral drug regimen changes from physicians to other clinical officers is not associated with a significant change in the 2- year treatment success rate or the costs of ART care. As an observational study, these results are tentative, and more research is needed in determining the optimal patterns of task shifting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - antiretroviral therapy KW - AIDS KW - costs and cost analysis KW - task performance and analysis KW - Ethiopia KW - 2014 KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Drug Therapy KW - Health Care Costs KW - Task Analysis KW - Physicians KW - 2014 U1 - Sponsor: United States Agency for International Development, Health Systems 20/20. Grant: GHS-A-00-06-00010-00. Other Details: Cooperative agreement. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000064 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-11089-007&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ben_johns@abtassoc.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Health in Bangladesh: lessons and challenges. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2014/03/22/ VL - 383 IS - 9922 M3 - Article SP - 1037 EP - 1037 SN - 00995355 AB - The author offers insights about health achievement in Bangladesh, covering topics like health coverage approach and problems amenable to further public health approaches. KW - PUBLIC health KW - HEALTH services accessibility KW - BANGLADESH N1 - Accession Number: 95114306; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: USAID, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 3/22/2014, Vol. 383 Issue 9922, p1037; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: HEALTH services accessibility; Subject Term: BANGLADESH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95114306&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107896298 T1 - Health in Bangladesh: lessons and challenges...Lancet. 2013 Nov 23;382(9906):1734-45 AU - Shelton, James D Y1 - 2014/03/22/ N1 - Accession Number: 107896298. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140425. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Health Care Delivery -- Administration KW - Female KW - Male SP - 1037 EP - 1037 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 383 North American Edition IS - 9922 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - USAID, Washington, DC 20523, USA. Electronic address: jshelton@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 24656195. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60512-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107896298&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Galvis, A. AU - Zambrano, D.A. AU - van der Steen, N.P. AU - Gijzen, H.J. T1 - Evaluation of pollution prevention options in the municipal water cycle. JO - Journal of Cleaner Production JF - Journal of Cleaner Production Y1 - 2014/03// VL - 66 M3 - Article SP - 599 EP - 609 SN - 09596526 AB - Abstract: The impact on water resources caused by municipal wastewater discharges has become a critical and ever-growing environmental and public health problem. In order to be able to efficiently address this problem, it is important to adopt an integrated approach that includes a decrease in and control of contamination at its source. These principles have been successfully applied in the industrial sector and now these concepts are also being applied to integrated water resources management. In this context the conceptual model of the Three Steps Strategic Approach (3-SSA) was developed, consisting of: 1) minimization and prevention, 2) treatment for reuse and 3) stimulated natural self-purification. This paper is focused on the first step. The assessment includes a case study in the expansion area of the city of Cali, Colombia (410,380 new inhabitants). The evaluation of alternatives is done using two different system boundaries: (1) reduction in water supply costs for households, savings associated with the drinking water infrastructure and the avoided costs in the infrastructure of additional sewerage and wastewater treatment facilities; and (2) only taking into account the reduction in water supply costs for households and the savings associated with the drinking water infrastructure. The alternatives of minimization and prevention were hierarchized using an analytic hierarchy process and grey relational analysis. A cost-benefit analysis was carried out to compare the highest ranked alternatives with the conventional approach, which considers a ‘business as usual scenario’ of high water use, end-of-pipe wastewater treatment plant and the conventional water supply system with drinking water quality for all uses. The best minimization and prevention alternatives for Cali's expansion zone were found to be those which consider dual flush toilets and the possibility of using rainwater harvesting for laundry purposes. However, the minimization and prevention alternatives considered are only viable if these are implemented in more than 20% of household units. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Cleaner Production is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLLUTION prevention KW - MUNICIPAL water supply KW - TOILETS KW - PUBLIC health KW - CONTAMINATION of drinking water KW - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects KW - Analytic hierarchy process KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Grey relational analysis KW - Minimization and prevention KW - Technology selection KW - Water pollution N1 - Accession Number: 94307391; Galvis, A. 1 Zambrano, D.A. 1 van der Steen, N.P. 2; Email Address: p.vandersteen@unesco-ihe.org Gijzen, H.J. 3; Affiliation: 1: Cinara Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Colombia 2: UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands 3: UNESCO, Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Indonesia; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 66, p599; Subject Term: POLLUTION prevention; Subject Term: MUNICIPAL water supply; Subject Term: TOILETS; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: CONTAMINATION of drinking water; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analytic hierarchy process; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-benefit analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grey relational analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Minimization and prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technology selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water pollution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326191 Plastics Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.057 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94307391&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - López-Calva, Luis AU - Ortiz-Juarez, Eduardo T1 - A vulnerability approach to the definition of the middle class. JO - Journal of Economic Inequality JF - Journal of Economic Inequality Y1 - 2014/03// VL - 12 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 23 EP - 47 SN - 15691721 AB - Measurement of the middle class has recently come to the center of policy debate in middle-income countries as they search for the potential engines of growth and good governance. This debate assumes, first, that there is a meaningful definition of class, and second, that the thresholds which define relatively homogeneous groups in terms of pre-determined sociological characteristics can be found empirically. This paper aims at proposing a view of the middle class based on vulnerability to poverty. Following this approach the paper exploits panel data to determine the amount of comparable income -associated with a low probability of falling into poverty- which could define the lower bound of the middle class. It looks at absolute thresholds, challenging the view that people just above the poverty line are actually part of the middle class. In an analogy with poverty measurement, there is a degree of arbitrariness in the definition of specific thresholds, but the concept behind them is clear and economically meaningful. The estimated lower-threshold is used in cross-section surveys to quantify the size and the evolution of middle classes in Chile, Mexico, and Peru over the past two decades. The evidence also shows that the middle class has increased significantly in all three countries. There is an important group of people, however, who cannot be defined as middle class from this perspective, but remain vulnerable to fall back into poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Economic Inequality is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MIDDLE-income countries KW - INCOME distribution KW - POVERTY KW - ECONOMIC security KW - ABILITY grouping (Education) KW - LATIN America KW - D31 KW - D63 KW - I30 KW - Income distribution KW - Longitudinal data KW - Middle class KW - Poverty KW - Vulnerability N1 - Accession Number: 95484634; López-Calva, Luis 1; Email Address: lflopezcalva@worldbank.org; Ortiz-Juarez, Eduardo 2; Email Address: eduardo.ortiz@undp.org; Affiliations: 1: Poverty, Equity and Gender Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Vice-Presidency, The World Bank, 1818 H St. NW Washington 20433 USA; 2: Regional Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), One UN Plaza New York 10017 USA; Issue Info: Mar2014, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p23; Thesaurus Term: MIDDLE-income countries; Thesaurus Term: INCOME distribution; Thesaurus Term: POVERTY; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC security; Subject Term: ABILITY grouping (Education); Subject Term: LATIN America; Author-Supplied Keyword: D31; Author-Supplied Keyword: D63; Author-Supplied Keyword: I30; Author-Supplied Keyword: Income distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Longitudinal data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Middle class; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poverty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vulnerability; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10888-012-9240-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=95484634&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pribluda, Victor S. AU - Evans III, Lawrence AU - Barillas, Edgar AU - Marmion, John AU - Lukulay, Patrick AU - Jaime Chang T1 - Were medicine quality and pharmaceutical management contributing factors in diminishing artemisinin efficacy in Guyana and Suriname? JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2014/03// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 2 EP - 10 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background Recent studies in Guyana and Suriname unveiled diminished efficacy of artemisinin derivatives based on day-3 parasitaemia. The migrant characteristics of the population at risk and the potential development of resistance pose a serious health threat in the region. Assessment of factors that may have contributed to this situation is warranted, and analysis of the data generated in those countries on quality and pharmaceutical managements of antimalarials may contribute to a better understanding of this occurrence. Methods Data on malaria medicine quality and pharmaceutical management, generated in the context of the Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI), was reviewed and discussed. Results Numerous substandard artemisinin-containing malaria medicines were identified in both countries, particularly in Guyana, where a larger number and variety of anti-malarials were sampled. Poor quality was more frequent in the private and informal sector than in the public sector, posing a greater threat to the populations at risk, which are mostly located in hard to reach areas with scarce public facilities. Stock-outs identified in the public sector in Guyana could enhance the need to access those alternative sectors, exacerbating the risk of utilizing poor quality medicines. The availability of monotherapies and other non-recommended therapies for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, could also have contributed to the diminished efficacy. The type of quality deficiencies identified -reduced content of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and/or poor dissolution- and the irrational use of non-recommended treatments could result in non-sustained or lower levels of API in blood, favouring survival of more resistant mutants by exposing parasites to sub-lethal doses of the active ingredient. Conclusions The quality of malaria medicines and the availability and use of non-recommended treatments could have played a role in the diminished efficacy of artemisinin derivatives described in Guyana and Suriname. However, also other factors need to be considered and a more comprehensive and extensive assessment on quality and pharmaceutical management is necessary to establish a tighter cause-effect correlation. Nevertheless, relevant authorities in these and neighbouring countries should take into consideration the reviewed data to properly address the problem when implementing corrective actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - QUALITY of products KW - DRUGS -- Effectiveness KW - ARTEMISININ KW - PARASITEMIA KW - MALARIA -- Drug therapy KW - DRUG resistance KW - GUYANA KW - SURINAME N1 - Accession Number: 94929415; Pribluda, Victor S. 1; Email Address: vsp@usp.org Evans III, Lawrence 1; Email Address: le@usp.org Barillas, Edgar 2; Email Address: ebarillas@msh.org Marmion, John 2; Email Address: john.m.marmion@gmail.com Lukulay, Patrick 1; Email Address: phl@usp.org Jaime Chang 3; Email Address: jachang@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Promoting the Quality of Medicines Program (PQM), Global Health Impact Programs (GHIP), United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, USA 2: Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS), Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Management Sciences for Health (MSH), 4301 N Fairfax Dr Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22203, USA 3: Office of Health and Education, United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Peru, Avenida La Encalada cdra 17 s/n, Surco, Lima 33, Peru; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p2; Subject Term: QUALITY of products; Subject Term: DRUGS -- Effectiveness; Subject Term: ARTEMISININ; Subject Term: PARASITEMIA; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Drug therapy; Subject Term: DRUG resistance; Subject Term: GUYANA; Subject Term: SURINAME; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-77 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94929415&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Cook, Jonathan AU - Elwell, Natalie T1 - Bridging the academic–practitioner divide. JO - Third World Quarterly JF - Third World Quarterly Y1 - 2014/03// VL - 35 IS - 3 M3 - Essay SP - 507 EP - 509 PB - Routledge SN - 01436597 AB - An essay is presented which discusses the role that academics play in charities and government agencies' international economic assistance efforts in economic development, including in regard to collaborating with government agencies that provide international economic assistance. An overview of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), including its role in financing international science and technology, is provided. KW - INTERNATIONAL economic assistance KW - SCHOLARS KW - ECONOMIC development -- Finance KW - ECONOMIC development -- International cooperation KW - GOVERNMENT agencies -- Social aspects KW - CHARITIES KW - SOCIAL aspects KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 96039439; Cook, Jonathan 1 Elwell, Natalie 2; Affiliation: 1: Global Climate Change Office, USAID, Washington, DC, USA 2: Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Office, USAID, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p507; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL economic assistance; Subject Term: SCHOLARS; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development -- Finance; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development -- International cooperation; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT agencies -- Social aspects; Subject Term: CHARITIES; Subject Term: SOCIAL aspects; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Essay L3 - 10.1080/01436597.2014.893491 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96039439&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-10308-006 AN - 2014-10308-006 AU - Ricca, Jim AU - Kureshy, Nazo AU - LeBan, Karen AU - Prosnitz, Debra AU - Ryan, Leo T1 - Community-based intervention packages facilitated by NGOs demonstrate plausible evidence for child mortality impact. JF - Health Policy and Planning JO - Health Policy and Planning JA - Health Policy Plan Y1 - 2014/03// VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 204 EP - 216 CY - United Kingdom PB - Oxford University Press SN - 0268-1080 SN - 1460-2237 AD - Ricca, Jim, MCHIP, 1776 Massachusetts Ave NW Suite 300, Washington, DC, US, 20036 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-10308-006. PMID: 23434515 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Ricca, Jim; MCHIP, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20140811. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Community Services; Death and Dying; Intervention; Mortality Rate; NGOs. Minor Descriptor: Childhood Development. Classification: Community & Social Services (3373). Population: Human (10). Location: Benin; Cambodia; Ethiopia; Guinea; Haiti; Mali; Malawi; Nepal; Rwanda; US. Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100). Tests & Measures: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey; Lives Saved Tool. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. Supplemental Data: Experimental Materials Internet; Tables and Figures Internet. References Available: Y. Page Count: 13. Issue Publication Date: Mar, 2014. Publication History: First Posted Date: Feb 22, 2013; Accepted Date: Jan 10, 2013. Copyright Statement: All Rights Reserved. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The Author. 2013. AB - Introduction: Evidence exists that community-based intervention packages can have substantial child and newborn mortality impact, and may help more countries meet Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) targets. A non-governmental organization (NGO) project using such programming in Mozambique documented an annual decline in under-five mortality rate (U5MR) of 9.3% in a province in which Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data showed a 4.2% U5MR decline during the same period. To test the generalizability of this finding, the same analysis was applied to a group of projects funded by the US Agency for International Development. Projects supported implementation of community-based intervention packages aimed at increasing use of health services while improving preventive and home-care practices for children under five. Methods: All projects collect baseline and endline population coverage data for key child health interventions. Twelve projects fitted the inclusion criteria. U5MR decline was estimated by modelling these coverage changes in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) and comparing with concurrent measured DHS mortality data. Results: Average coverage changes for all interventions exceeded average concurrent trends. When population coverage changes were modelled in LiST, they were estimated to give a child mortality improvement in the project area that exceeded concurrent secular trend in the subnational DHS region in 11 of 12 cases. The average improvement in modelled U5MR (5.8%) was more than twice the concurrent directly measured average decline (2.5%). Conclusions: NGO projects implementing community-based intervention packages appear to be effective in reducing child mortality in diverse settings. There is plausible evidence that they raised coverage for a variety of high-impact interventions and improved U5MR by more than twice the concurrent secular trend. All projects used community-based strategies that achieved frequent interpersonal contact for health behaviour change. Further study of the effectiveness and scalability of similar packages should be part of the effort to accelerate progress towards MDG 4. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - mortality rate KW - community-based intervention KW - NGOs KW - health services KW - 2014 KW - Community Services KW - Death and Dying KW - Intervention KW - Mortality Rate KW - NGOs KW - Childhood Development KW - 2014 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, CSHGP, US. Other Details: Contract with ICF and a cooperative agreement with the CORE Group. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1093/heapol/czt005 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-10308-006&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jricca@mchip.net DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andoseh, Stephen AU - Bahn, Rachel AU - Gu, Jenny T1 - The case for a real options approach to ex-ante cost-benefit analyses of agricultural research projects. JO - Food Policy JF - Food Policy Y1 - 2014/02// VL - 44 M3 - Article SP - 218 EP - 226 SN - 03069192 AB - Highlights: [•] The expected net present value approach assumes that the investor is risk-neutral. [•] This implies that investors would not pay to obtain additional information. [•] The real options approach offers the ability to incorporate information in-stream. [•] This flexibility improves analyses of research projects that unfold in stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Food Policy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AGRICULTURE -- Research KW - AGRICULTURAL development KW - COST effectiveness KW - NET present value KW - CAPITALISTS & financiers KW - NUTRITION policy KW - Agricultural research KW - Contingent claims analysis KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Decision tree analysis KW - Expected net present value KW - Real options N1 - Accession Number: 94310109; Andoseh, Stephen 1; Email Address: sandoseh@usaid.gov Bahn, Rachel 2 Gu, Jenny 3; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1201 Roxas Blvd, 1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines 2: United States Department of Treasury, 1500 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20220, United States 3: Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc., 1380 Willow Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 44, p218; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE -- Research; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL development; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: NET present value; Subject Term: CAPITALISTS & financiers; Subject Term: NUTRITION policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Agricultural research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contingent claims analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost-benefit analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision tree analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expected net present value; Author-Supplied Keyword: Real options; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94310109&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107803312 T1 - A Community Health Worker 'logic model': towards a theory of enhanced performance in low- and middle-income countries. AU - Naimoli, Joseph F AU - Frymus, Diana E AU - Wuliji, Tana AU - Franco, Lynne M AU - Newsome, Martha H Y1 - 2014/01// N1 - Accession Number: 107803312. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150306. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Services Administration; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101170535. KW - Community Health Workers KW - Health Manpower KW - Developing Countries KW - Logic KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Income SP - 56 EP - 56 JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health JA - HUM RESOUR HEALTH VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1478-4491 AD - United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA. jnaimoli@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 25278012. DO - 10.1186/1478-4491-12-56 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107803312&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hardee, Karen AU - Gay, Jill AU - Croce-Galis, Melanie AU - Peltz, Amelia T1 - Strengthening the enabling environment for women and girls: what is the evidence in social and structural approaches in the HIV response? JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2014/01// VL - 17 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 12 SN - 17582652 AB - There is growing interest in expanding public health approaches that address social and structural drivers that affect the environment in which behaviour occurs. Half of those living with HIV infection are women. The sociocultural and political environment in which women live can enable or inhibit their ability to protect themselves from acquiring HIV. This paper examines the evidence related to six key social and structural drivers of HIV for women: transforming gender norms; addressing violence against women; transforming legal norms to empower women; promoting women's employment, income and livelihood opportunities; advancing education for girls and reducing stigma and discrimination. The paper reviews the evidence for successful and promising social and structural interventions related to each driver. This analysis contains peer-reviewed published research and study reports with clear and transparent data on the effectiveness of interventions. Structural interventions to address these key social and structural drivers have led to increasing HIV-protective behaviours, creating more gender-equitable relationships and decreasing violence, improving services for women, increasing widows' ability to cope with HIV and reducing behaviour that increases HIV risk, particularly among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the International AIDS Society is the property of International AIDS Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - VIOLENCE against women KW - INTERVENTION (Social services) KW - GENDER -- Social aspects KW - SOCIAL norms KW - STIGMA (Social psychology) KW - education KW - gender norms KW - gender-based violence KW - law KW - livelihoods KW - stigma and discrimination KW - structural interventions KW - women N1 - Accession Number: 93980563; Hardee, Karen 1; Email Address: KHardee@popcouncil.org Gay, Jill 2 Croce-Galis, Melanie 3 Peltz, Amelia 4; Affiliation: 1: Formerly Health Policy Project, Futures Group, Washington, DC, USA 2: J. Gay Consultants LLC, Takoma Park, MD, USA 3: Artemis Global Consulting, Greater New York Area, NY, USA 4: United States Agency for International Development, Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 17, p1; Subject Term: VIOLENCE against women; Subject Term: INTERVENTION (Social services); Subject Term: GENDER -- Social aspects; Subject Term: SOCIAL norms; Subject Term: STIGMA (Social psychology); Author-Supplied Keyword: education; Author-Supplied Keyword: gender norms; Author-Supplied Keyword: gender-based violence; Author-Supplied Keyword: law; Author-Supplied Keyword: livelihoods; Author-Supplied Keyword: stigma and discrimination; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural interventions; Author-Supplied Keyword: women; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.7448/IAS.17.1.18619 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93980563&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koenker, Hannah AU - Keating, Joseph AU - Alilio, Martin AU - Acosta, Angela AU - Lynch, Matthew AU - Nafo-Traore, Fatoumata T1 - Strategic roles for behaviour change communication in a changing malaria landscape. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2014/01// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Opinion SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Strong evidence suggests that quality strategic behaviour change communication (BCC) can improve malaria prevention and treatment behaviours. As progress is made towards malaria elimination, BCC becomes an even more important tool. BCC can be used 1) to reach populations who remain at risk as transmission dynamics change (e.g. mobile populations), 2) to facilitate identification of people with asymptomatic infections and their compliance with treatment, 3) to inform communities of the optimal timing of malaria control interventions, and 4) to explain changing diagnostic concerns (e.g. increasing false negatives as parasite density and multiplicity of infections fall) and treatment guidelines. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the benefits and value for money that BCC brings to all aspects of malaria control, and to discuss areas of operations research needed as transmission dynamics change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA KW - BEHAVIOR modification KW - COMMUNICATION in medicine KW - MONEY KW - PARASITES KW - Behaviour change communication KW - Elimination KW - Malaria N1 - Accession Number: 93550248; Koenker, Hannah 1; Email Address: hkoenker@jhuccp.org Keating, Joseph 2; Email Address: jkeating@tulane.edu Alilio, Martin 3; Email Address: malilio@usaid.gov Acosta, Angela 1; Email Address: aacosta@jhuccp.org Lynch, Matthew 1; Email Address: mlynch@jhuccp.org Nafo-Traore, Fatoumata 1; Email Address: nafof@who.int; Affiliation: 1: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA 2: Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington,, District of Columbia, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: BEHAVIOR modification; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: MONEY; Subject Term: PARASITES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behaviour change communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elimination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Opinion L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93550248&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adebajo, Sylvia AU - Obianwu, Otibho AU - Eluwa, George AU - Vu, Lung AU - Oginni, Ayo AU - Tun, Waimar AU - Sheehy, Meredith AU - Ahonsi, Babatunde AU - Bashorun, Adebobola AU - Idogho, Omokhudu AU - Karlyn, Andrew T1 - Comparison of Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview and Face-To-Face Interview Methods in Eliciting HIV-Related Risks among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Men Who Inject Drugs in Nigeria. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/01// VL - 9 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Introduction: Face-to-face (FTF) interviews are the most frequently used means of obtaining information on sexual and drug injecting behaviours from men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who inject drugs (MWID). However, accurate information on these behaviours may be difficult to elicit because of sociocultural hostility towards these populations and the criminalization associated with these behaviours. Audio computer assisted self-interview (ACASI) is an interviewing technique that may mitigate social desirability bias in this context. Methods: This study evaluated differences in the reporting of HIV-related risky behaviours by MSM and MWID using ACASI and FTF interviews. Between August and September 2010, 712 MSM and 328 MWID in Nigeria were randomized to either ACASI or FTF interview for completion of a behavioural survey that included questions on sensitive sexual and injecting risk behaviours. Data were analyzed separately for MSM and MWID. Logistic regression was run for each behaviour as a dependent variable to determine differences in reporting methods. Results: MSM interviewed via ACASI reported significantly higher risky behaviours with both women (multiple female sexual partners 51% vs. 43%, p = 0.04; had unprotected anal sex with women 72% vs. 57%, p = 0.05) and men (multiple male sex partners 70% vs. 54%, p≤0.001) than through FTF. Additionally, they were more likely to self-identify as homosexual (AOR: 3.3, 95%CI:2.4–4.6) and report drug use in the past 12 months (AOR:40.0, 95%CI: 9.6–166.0). MWID interviewed with ACASI were more likely to report needle sharing (AOR:3.3, 95%CI:1.2–8.9) and re-use (AOR:2.2, 95%CI:1.2–3.9) in the past month and prior HIV testing (AOR:1.6, 95%CI 1.02–2.5). Conclusion: The feasibility of using ACASI in studies and clinics targeting key populations in Nigeria must be explored to increase the likelihood of obtaining more accurate data on high risk behaviours to inform improved risk reduction strategies that reduce HIV transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Risk factors KW - FACE-to-face communication KW - MEN who have sex with men KW - ADMINISTRATION of drugs KW - COMPARATIVE studies KW - NIGERIA KW - AIDS KW - Behavior KW - Behavioral and social aspects of health KW - Clinical research design KW - Computer applications KW - Computer science KW - Computer-assisted instruction KW - Epidemiology KW - Health care policy KW - Health risk analysis KW - HIV KW - HIV epidemiology KW - HIV prevention KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine KW - Mental health KW - Non-clinical medicine KW - Psychiatry KW - Psychology KW - Public health KW - Research Article KW - Sexually transmitted diseases KW - Substance abuse KW - Survey methods KW - Survey research KW - Viral diseases N1 - Accession Number: 94233486; Adebajo, Sylvia 1; Email Address: sadebajo@popcouncil.org Obianwu, Otibho 1 Eluwa, George 1 Vu, Lung 2 Oginni, Ayo 1 Tun, Waimar 3 Sheehy, Meredith 4 Ahonsi, Babatunde 1 Bashorun, Adebobola 5 Idogho, Omokhudu 6 Karlyn, Andrew 7; Affiliation: 1: 1 Population Council, Abuja, Nigeria 2: 2 Population Services International (PSI), Washington, DC, United States of America 3: 3 Population Council, Washington, DC, United States of America 4: 4 Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America 5: 5 Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria 6: 6 Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria 7: 7 United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, United States of America; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Risk factors; Subject Term: FACE-to-face communication; Subject Term: MEN who have sex with men; Subject Term: ADMINISTRATION of drugs; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: NIGERIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavioral and social aspects of health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clinical research design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer-assisted instruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health risk analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mental health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-clinical medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Psychiatry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Psychology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sexually transmitted diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substance abuse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0081981 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94233486&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 109717910 T1 - Global Immunization through the Lens of Development. AU - Shen, Angela K. AU - Clay, Robert AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Y1 - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014 N1 - Accession Number: 109717910. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140114. Revision Date: 20150923. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 9716844. SP - 4 EP - 6 JO - Public Health Reports JF - Public Health Reports JA - PUBLIC HEALTH REP VL - 129 IS - 1 PB - Sage Publications Inc. SN - 0033-3549 AD - U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC AD - U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109717910&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-01037-001 AN - 2014-01037-001 AU - Evens, Emily AU - Otieno-Masaba, Rose AU - Eichleay, Margaret AU - McCarraher, Donna AU - Hainsworth, Gwyn AU - Lane, Cate AU - Makumi, Margaret AU - Onduso, Pamela T1 - Post-abortion care services for youth and adult clients in Kenya: A comparison of services, client satisfaction and provider attitudes. JF - Journal of Biosocial Science JO - Journal of Biosocial Science JA - J Biosoc Sci Y1 - 2014/01// VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 CY - United Kingdom PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 0021-9320 SN - 1469-7599 AD - Evens, Emily N1 - Accession Number: 2014-01037-001. PMID: 23745828 Other Journal Title: Eugenics Review. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Evens, Emily; FHI 360-North Carolina, Durham, NC, US. Release Date: 20140623. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Evens, Emily. Major Descriptor: Health Care Services; Induced Abortion; Pregnancy; Abortion (Attitudes Toward); Reproductive Health. Minor Descriptor: Birth Control; Client Satisfaction; Death and Dying; Family Planning; Health Personnel Attitudes; Side Effects (Drug). Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Kenya. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320). Tests & Measures: Post Abortive Care Client Interviews; Facility Checklist; Provider Interviews; Quality of Post Abortion Care Services Measure. Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 15. Issue Publication Date: Jan, 2014. Publication History: First Posted Date: Jun 10, 2013. Copyright Statement: Cambridge University Press. 2013. AB - Unsafe abortion accounts for 35% of maternal mortality in Kenya. Post-abortion care (PAC) reduces maternal death and provides an opportunity to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Few studies have documented how the receipt of PAC services varies by client age. In this study, descriptive data were collected from clients, providers and eight health facilities in Kenya’s Central and Nairobi provinces to examine receipt of PAC services by client age, client satisfaction and provider attitudes. Delivery of PAC treatment, pain management, HIV and STI services and violence screening did not vary by age. However, fewer youth between the ages of 15 and 24 received a contraceptive method compared with adult clients (35% versus 48%; p = 0.02). Forty-nine per cent of youth reported not using a family planning method due to fears of infertility, side-effects or lack of knowledge compared with 22% of adults. Additional efforts are needed in Kenya to bolster the family planning services that young PAC clients receive and increase the uptake of contraception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - post abortion care KW - maternal mortality KW - pregnancies KW - client satisfaction KW - contraception KW - side effects KW - provider attitudes KW - 2014 KW - Health Care Services KW - Induced Abortion KW - Pregnancy KW - Abortion (Attitudes Toward) KW - Reproductive Health KW - Birth Control KW - Client Satisfaction KW - Death and Dying KW - Family Planning KW - Health Personnel Attitudes KW - Side Effects (Drug) KW - 2014 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: Evens, Emily; Otieno-Masaba, Rose; Eichleay, Margaret; McCarraher, Donna; Hainsworth, Gwyn; Lane, Cate; Makumi, Margaret; Onduso, Pamela U1 - Sponsor: Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kenya Division of Reproductive Health, Kenya. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Ministry of Medical Services. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Pathfinder International, APHIA II Nairobi and Central Programmes. Recipients: No recipient indicated UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-01037-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - eevens@fhi360.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-06641-001 AN - 2014-06641-001 AU - Koblinsky, Marge T1 - Reducing maternal and perinatal mortality through a community collaborative approach: Introduction to a special issue on the Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP). T3 - Findings from the Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership JF - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health JO - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health JA - J Midwifery Womens Health Y1 - 2014/01//Jan-Feb, 2014 VL - 59 IS - Suppl 1 SP - S1 EP - S5 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 1526-9523 SN - 1542-2011 AD - Koblinsky, Marge, USAID, MCH Division, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC, US, 20004 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-06641-001. PMID: 24588910 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Koblinsky, Marge; USAID, MCH Division, Washington, DC, US. Other Publishers: Elsevier Science. Release Date: 20140609. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Death and Dying; Midwifery. Minor Descriptor: Communities; Human Females; Insight. Classification: Social Processes & Social Issues (2900). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 5. Issue Publication Date: Jan-Feb, 2014. Copyright Statement: American College of Nurse‐Midwives. 2014. AB - Presents the summary of the articles which were featured in this issue of Midwifery & Women's Health. The articles in this issue focuses on the results of Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP's) highly promising 3-year pilot program. The articles represent a significant contribution to the field of maternal and child survival in poor, rural communities in developing countries. The articles touch on a key need in many countries: how to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality through community-level efforts. MaNHEP achieved this through a combination of methods not used typically for community interventions: participatory skills-based maternal and newborn health training targeting pregnant women and their caregivers and collaborative improvement. Practitioners, scholars, and students will find valuable insights and lessons in this special issue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - maternal mortality KW - newborn health KW - midwifery KW - rural communities KW - insight KW - 2014 KW - Death and Dying KW - Midwifery KW - Communities KW - Human Females KW - Insight KW - 2014 DO - 10.1111/jmwh.12174 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-06641-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - mkoblinsky@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Engström, Hillevi AU - Pe Thet Khin AU - Coll-Seck, Awa AU - Petersen, Rasmus Helveg AU - Asamoa-Baah, Anarfi AU - Machel, Graça AU - Sezibera, Richard AU - Phumaphi, Joy AU - Pablos-Mendes, Ariel AU - Müller, Ursula AU - Grijns, Lambert AU - Whitbread, Jasmine AU - Dare, Lola AU - Laxminarayan, Ramanan AU - Lange, John E. AU - Nordström, Anders T1 - Reinvesting in health post-2015. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2013/12/07/ VL - 382 IS - 9908 M3 - Opinion SP - 1861 EP - 1864 SN - 00995355 AB - The authors discuss the Lancet Commission on Investing in Health's commitment to position health and well-being as an outcome of sustainable development. Topics addressed include health gains and economic progress worldwide since the 1990s, ways in which the impact of health investments transcends gross domestic product (GDP), and maximizing health benefits by integrating interventions. The allocation and appropriation of funds to direct national health policies is also mentioned. KW - PUBLIC health -- Finance KW - WORLD health KW - MEDICAL policy KW - MEDICAL economics KW - ECONOMIC development N1 - Accession Number: 92887778; Engström, Hillevi 1 Pe Thet Khin 2 Coll-Seck, Awa 3 Petersen, Rasmus Helveg 4 Asamoa-Baah, Anarfi 5 Machel, Graça 6 Sezibera, Richard 7 Phumaphi, Joy 8 Pablos-Mendes, Ariel 9 Müller, Ursula 10 Grijns, Lambert 11 Whitbread, Jasmine 12 Dare, Lola 13 Laxminarayan, Ramanan 14 Lange, John E. 15 Nordström, Anders 1; Email Address: anders.nordstrom@gov.se; Affiliation: 1: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Department for Multilateral Development Cooperation, 10339 Stockholm, Sweden 2: Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar 3: Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal 4: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Copenhagen, Denmark 5: WHO, Geneva, Switzerland 6: Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland 7: East African Community, Office of the Secretary General, Arusha, Tanzania 8: African Leaders Malaria Alliance, New York, USA 9: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 10: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Berlin, Germany 11: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Hague, Netherlands 12: Save the Children International, London, UK 13: CHESTRAD, Lagos, Nigeria 14: Public Health Foundation India, New Delhi, India 15: United Nations Foundation, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 12/7/2013, Vol. 382 Issue 9908, p1861; Subject Term: PUBLIC health -- Finance; Subject Term: WORLD health; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: MEDICAL economics; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Opinion L3 - 10.1016/ S0140-6736(13)62560-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92887778&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jamison, Dean T. AU - Summers, Lawrence H. AU - Alleyne, George AU - Arrow, Kenneth J. AU - Berkley, Seth AU - Binagwaho, Agnes AU - Bustreo, Flavia AU - Evans, David AU - Feachem, Richard G. A. AU - Frenk, Julio AU - Ghosh, Gargee AU - Goldie, Sue J. AU - Yan Guo AU - Gupta, Sanjeev AU - Horton, Richard AU - Kruk, Margaret E. AU - Mahmoud, Adel AU - Mohohlo, Linah K. AU - Ncube, Mthuli AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel T1 - Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation. (Cover story) JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2013/12/07/ VL - 382 IS - 9908 M3 - Article SP - 1898 EP - 1955 SN - 00995355 AB - The article discusses the development of a world health investment framework that aims to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035. Topics addressed include opportunities for action by the international community and governments of low- and middle-income nations, the returns on investing in health, and the use of fiscal policies to curb non-communicable diseases and injuries. Also mentioned are universal health coverage via progressive universalism and social and intersectoral health determinants. INSET: Panels 1-12. KW - WORLD health KW - FINANCE KW - PUBLIC health -- Economic aspects KW - MEDICAL policy -- International cooperation KW - MEDICAL economics KW - FISCAL policy N1 - Accession Number: 92889569; Jamison, Dean T. 1 Summers, Lawrence H. 2 Alleyne, George 3 Arrow, Kenneth J. 4 Berkley, Seth 5 Binagwaho, Agnes 6 Bustreo, Flavia 7 Evans, David 8 Feachem, Richard G. A. 9 Frenk, Julio 10 Ghosh, Gargee 11 Goldie, Sue J. 10 Yan Guo 12 Gupta, Sanjeev 13 Horton, Richard Kruk, Margaret E. 14 Mahmoud, Adel 15 Mohohlo, Linah K. 16 Ncube, Mthuli 17 Pablos-Mendez, Ariel 18; Affiliation: 1: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 2: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 3: University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica 4: Department of Economics and Center for Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 5: Executive Office, GAVI Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland 6: Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda 7: Family, Women's, and Children's Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 8: Department of Health Systems Financing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 9: Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA 10: Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 11: Development Policy and Finance, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Washington, DC, USA 12: Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China 13: Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, USA 14: Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 15: Department of Molecular Biology and Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA 16: Bank of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana 17: Chief Economist's Office, African Development Bank Group, Tunis, Tunisia 18: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 12/7/2013, Vol. 382 Issue 9908, p1898; Subject Term: WORLD health; Subject Term: FINANCE; Subject Term: PUBLIC health -- Economic aspects; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy -- International cooperation; Subject Term: MEDICAL economics; Subject Term: FISCAL policy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 58p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 16 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62105-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92889569&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104006339 T1 - Improving Health Services for Adolescents Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multi-Country Assessment. AU - Pettitt, Edward D. AU - Greifinger, Rena C. AU - Ryan Phelps, B. AU - Bowsky, Sara J. Y1 - 2013/12/02/2013 Special Edition N1 - Accession Number: 104006339. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140130. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Supplement Title: 2013 Special Edition. Journal Subset: Africa; Biomedical; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Women's Health. NLM UID: 9712263. KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology -- Africa South of the Sahara KW - Adolescent Health KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Africa South of the Sahara KW - Human KW - Adolescence KW - Reproductive Health KW - Support, Psychosocial KW - Semi-Structured Interview KW - Male KW - Female KW - Young Adult KW - Adult KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Health Transition SP - 17 EP - 31 JO - African Journal of Reproductive Health JF - African Journal of Reproductive Health JA - AFR J REPROD HEALTH VL - 17 IS - 4 Special CY - Benin City Edostate 234, PB - Women's Health & Action Research Centre AB - In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the aging of HIV-positive pediatric cohorts and growing numbers of adolescents on treatment, coupled with high HIV incidence in this age group, means the number of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) will continue to grow. The clinical, psychological, social, and reproductive health needs of ALHIV remain poorly understood and efforts to mobilize and advocate for their treatment, care, and support have been inadequate. A multi-country assessment of the needs of ALHIV in SSA found that comprehensive, adolescent-friendly services that champion peer support and collaboration between health care organizations can foster successful transitions into adulthood for ALHIV. SN - 1118-4841 AD - Academy for Educational Development (AED), Africa's Health in 2010 Project AD - United States Agency for International Development (USAID) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104006339&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stanton, Mary Ellen AU - Higgs, Elizabeth S. AU - Koblinsky, Marge T1 - Investigating Financial Incentives for Maternal Health: An Introduction. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2013/12/02/Dec2013 Supplement 2 VL - 31 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - BioMed Central SN - 16060997 AB - Projection of current trends in maternal and neonatal mortality reduction shows that many countries will fall short of the UN Millennium Development Goal 4 and 5. Underutilization of maternal health services contributes to this poor progress toward reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the quality of services continues to lag in many countries, with a negative effect on the health of women and their babies, including deterring women from seeking care. To enhance the use and provision of quality maternal care, countries and donors are increasingly using financial incentives. This paper introduces the JHPN Supplement, in which each paper reviews the evidence of the effectiveness of a specific financial incentive instrument with the aim of improving the use and quality of maternal healthcare and impact. The US Agency for International Development and the US National Institutes of Health convened a US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives on 24-25 April 2012 in Washington, DC. The Summit brought together leading global experts in finance, maternal health, and health systems from governments, academia, development organizations, and foundations to assess the evidence on whether financial incentives significantly and substantially increase provision, use and quality of maternal health services, and the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of these incentives. Evidence review teams evaluated the multidisciplinary evidence of various financial mechanisms, including supply-side incentives (e.g. performance-based financing, user fees, and various insurance mechanisms) and demand-side incentives (e.g. conditional cash transfers, vouchers, user fee exemptions, and subsidies for care-seeking). At the Summit, the teams presented a synthesis of evidence and initial recommendations on practice, policy, and research for discussion. The Summit enabled structured feedback on recommendations which the teams included in their final papers appearing in this Supplement. Papers in this Supplement review the evidence for a specific financial incentive mechanism (e.g. pay for performance, conditional cash transfer) to improve the use and quality of maternal healthcare and makes recommendations for programmes and future research. While data on programmes using financial incentives for improved use and indications of the quality of maternal health services support specific conclusions and recommendations, including those for future research, data linking the use of financial incentives with improved health outcomes are minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MONETARY incentives KW - RESEARCH KW - MATERNAL health services KW - OBSTETRICS KW - MEDICAL care KW - ECONOMICS KW - Health services research KW - Maternal health services KW - Maternal welfare/economics KW - Pregnancy KW - Programme evaluation N1 - Accession Number: 95273813; Stanton, Mary Ellen 1; Email Address: mstanton@usaid.gov Higgs, Elizabeth S. 2 Koblinsky, Marge 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 2: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA; Source Info: Dec2013 Supplement 2, Vol. 31, p1; Subject Term: MONETARY incentives; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: OBSTETRICS; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: ECONOMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health services research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal welfare/economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pregnancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Programme evaluation; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95273813&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Higgs, Elizabeth S. AU - Stammer, Emily AU - Roth, Rebecca AU - Balster, Robert L. T1 - Evidence Acquisition and Evaluation for Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2013/12/02/Dec2013 Supplement 2 VL - 31 M3 - Article SP - 23 EP - 35 PB - BioMed Central SN - 16060997 AB - Recognizing the need for evidence to inform US Government and governments of the low- and middleincome countries on efficient, effective maternal health policies, strategies, and programmes, the US Government convened the Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives in April 2012 in Washington, DC, USA. This paper summarizes the background and methods for the acquisition and evaluation of the evidence used for achieving the goals of the Summit. The goal of the Summit was to obtain multidisciplinary expert review of literature to inform both US Government and governments of the low- and middle-income countries on evidence-informed practice, policies, and strategies for financial incentives. Several steps were undertaken to define the tasks for the Summit and identify the appropriate evidence for review. The process began by identifying focal questions intended to inform governments of the low-and middle-income countries and the US Government about the efficacy of supply- and demand-side financial incentives for enhanced provision and use of quality maternal health services. Experts were selected representing the research and programme communities, academia, relevant non-governmental organizations, and government agencies and were assembled into Evidence Review Teams. This was followed by a systematic process to gather relevant peer-reviewed literature that would inform the focal questions. Members of the Evidence Review Teams were invited to add relevant papers not identified in the initial literature review to complete the bibliography. The Evidence Review Teams were asked to comply with a specific evaluation framework for recommendations on practice and policy based on both expert opinion and the quality of the data. Details of the search processes and methods used for screening and quality reviews are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MATERNAL health services KW - RESEARCH KW - OBSTETRICS KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - MOTIVATION (Psychology) KW - Incentive KW - Maternal health services KW - Maternal mortality KW - Motivation KW - Perinatal mortality KW - Prenatal care KW - Reimbursement N1 - Accession Number: 95273815; Higgs, Elizabeth S. 1,2; Email Address: ehiggs@niaid.nih.gov Stammer, Emily 3 Roth, Rebecca 2 Balster, Robert L. 2,4; Affiliation: 1: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 3: Knowledge Management Services, Washington, DC, USA 4: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Source Info: Dec2013 Supplement 2, Vol. 31, p23; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: OBSTETRICS; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: MOTIVATION (Psychology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Incentive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motivation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perinatal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prenatal care; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reimbursement; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95273815&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glassman, Amanda AU - Duran, Denizhan AU - Fleisher, Lisa AU - Singer, Daniel AU - Sturke, Rachel AU - Angeles, Gustavo AU - Charles, Jodi AU - Emrey, Bob AU - Gleason, Joanne AU - Mwebsa, Winnie AU - Saldana, Kelly AU - Yarrow, Kristina AU - Koblinsky, Marge T1 - Impact of Conditional Cash Transfers on Maternal and Newborn Health. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2013/12/02/Dec2013 Supplement 2 VL - 31 M3 - Article SP - 48 EP - 66 PB - BioMed Central SN - 16060997 AB - Maternal and newborn health (MNH) is a high priority for global health and is included among the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, the slow decline in maternal and newborn mortality jeopardizes achievements of the targets of MDGs. According to UNICEF, 60 million women give birth outside of health facilities, and family planning needs are satisfied for only 50%. Further, skilled birth attendance and the use of antenatal care are most inequitably distributed in maternal and newborn health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have been shown to increase health service utilization among the poorest but little is written on the effects of such programmes on maternal and newborn health. We carried out a systematic review of studies on CCT that report maternal and newborn health outcomes, including studies from 8 countries. The CCT programmes have increased antenatal visits, skilled attendance at birth, delivery at a health facility, and tetanus toxoid vaccination for mothers and reduced the incidence of low birthweight. The programmes have not had a significant impact on fertility while the impact on maternal and newborn mortality has not been welldocumented thus far. Given these positive effects, we make the case for further investment in CCT programmes for maternal and newborn health, noting gaps in knowledge and providing recommendations for better design and evaluation of such programmes. We recommend more rigorous impact evaluations that document impact pathways and take factors, such as cost-effectiveness, into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONDITIONAL cash transfer programs KW - RESEARCH KW - PUBLIC welfare KW - MOTHERS -- Health KW - NEWBORN infants KW - HEALTH KW - Conditional cash transfers KW - Global health KW - Incentives KW - Maternal health KW - Millennium Development Goals KW - Newborn health KW - Social protection N1 - Accession Number: 95273817; Glassman, Amanda 1; Email Address: aglassman@cgdev.org Duran, Denizhan 1 Fleisher, Lisa 2 Singer, Daniel 3 Sturke, Rachel 4 Angeles, Gustavo 5 Charles, Jodi 2 Emrey, Bob 2 Gleason, Joanne 6 Mwebsa, Winnie 7 Saldana, Kelly 2 Yarrow, Kristina 2 Koblinsky, Marge 2; Affiliation: 1: Center for Global Development, 2055 L street NW (fifth floor), Washington, DC 20036, USA 2: United States Agency for International Development 3: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 4: National Institutes of Health 5: University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill 6: Population Council 7: Save the Children; Source Info: Dec2013 Supplement 2, Vol. 31, p48; Subject Term: CONDITIONAL cash transfer programs; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PUBLIC welfare; Subject Term: MOTHERS -- Health; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants; Subject Term: HEALTH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conditional cash transfers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Incentives; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Millennium Development Goals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Newborn health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923130 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs); NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 9 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95273817&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hatt, Laurel E. AU - Makinen, Marty AU - Madhavan, Supriya AU - Conlon, Claudia M. T1 - Effects of User Fee Exemptions on the Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services: A Review of Literature. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2013/12/02/Dec2013 Supplement 2 VL - 31 M3 - Article SP - 67 EP - 80 PB - BioMed Central SN - 16060997 AB - User fee removal has been put forward as an approach to increasing priority health service utilization, reducing impoverishment, and ultimately reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. However, user fees are a source of facility revenue in many low-income countries, often used for purchasing drugs and supplies and paying incentives to health workers. This paper reviews evidence on the effects of user fee exemptions on maternal health service utilization, service provision, and outcomes, including both supply-side and demand-side effects. We reviewed 19 peer-reviewed research articles addressing user fee exemptions and maternal health services or outcomes published since 1990. Studies were identified through a USAIDcommissioned call for evidence, key word search, and screening process. Teams of reviewers assigned criteria- based quality scores to each paper and prepared structured narrative reviews. The grade of the evidence was found to be relatively weak, mainly from short-term, non-controlled studies. The introduction of user fee exemptions appears to have resulted in increased rates of facility-based deliveries and caesarean sections in some contexts. Impacts on maternal and neonatal mortality have not been conclusively demonstrated; exemptions for delivery care may contribute to modest reductions in institutional maternal mortality but the evidence is very weak. User fee exemptions were found to have negative, neutral, or inconclusive effects on availability of inputs, provider motivation, and quality of services. The extent to which user fee revenue lost by facilities is replaced can directly affect service provision and may have unintended consequences for provider motivation. Few studies have looked at the equity effects of fee removal, despite clear evidence that fees disproportionately burden the poor. This review highlights potential and documented benefits (increased use of maternity services) as well as risks (decreased provider motivation and quality) of user fee exemption policies for maternal health services. Governments should link user fee exemption policies with the replacement of lost revenue for facilities as well as broader health system improvements, including facility upgrades, ensured supply of needed inputs, and improved human resources for health. Removing user fees may increase uptake but will not reduce mortality proportionally if the quality of facility-based care is poor. More rigorous evaluations of both demand- and supply-side effects of mature fee exemption programmes are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - USER charges KW - ADMINISTRATIVE fees KW - MATERNAL health services KW - RESEARCH KW - OBSTETRICS KW - MEDICAL care -- Quality control KW - Access KW - Evaluation KW - Fees and charges KW - Healthcare quality KW - Low-income populations KW - Maternal health services N1 - Accession Number: 95273818; Hatt, Laurel E. 1; Email Address: Laurel_Hatt@abtassoc.com Makinen, Marty 2 Madhavan, Supriya 3 Conlon, Claudia M. 4; Affiliation: 1: International Health Division, Abt Associates Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA 2: Results for Development Institute, Washington, DC, USA 3: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 4: Maternal and Child Health Division, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Dec2013 Supplement 2, Vol. 31, p67; Subject Term: USER charges; Subject Term: ADMINISTRATIVE fees; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: OBSTETRICS; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Quality control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Access; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fees and charges; Author-Supplied Keyword: Healthcare quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-income populations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health services; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95273818&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bellows, Ben W. AU - Conlon, Claudia M. AU - Higgs, Elizabeth S. AU - Townsend, John W. AU - Nahed, Matta G. AU - Cavanaugh, Karen AU - Grainger, Corinne G. AU - Okal, Jerry AU - Gorter, Anna C. T1 - A Taxonomy and Results from a Comprehensive Review of 28 Maternal Health Voucher Programmes. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2013/12/02/Dec2013 Supplement 2 VL - 31 M3 - Article SP - 106 EP - 128 PB - BioMed Central SN - 16060997 AB - It is increasingly clear that Millennium Development Goal 4 and 5 will not be achieved in many low- and middle-income countries with the weakest gains among the poor. Recognizing that there are large inequalities in reproductive health outcomes, the post-2015 agenda on universal health coverage will likely generate strategies that target resources where maternal and newborn deaths are the highest. In 2012, the United States Agency for International Development convened an Evidence Summit to review the knowledge and gaps on the utilization of financial incentives to enhance the quality and uptake of maternal healthcare. The goal was to provide donors and governments of the low- and middle-income countries with evidenceinformed recommendations on practice, policy, and strategies regarding the use of financial incentives, including vouchers, to enhance the demand and supply of maternal health services. The findings in this paper are intended to guide governments interested in maternal health voucher programmes with recommendations for sustainable implementation and impact. The Evidence Summit undertook a systematic review of five financing strategies. This paper presents the methods and findings for vouchers, building on a taxonomy to catalogue knowledge about voucher programme design and functionality. More than 120 characteristics under five major categories were identified: programme principles (objectives and financing); governance and management; benefits package and beneficiary targeting; providers (contracting and service pricing); and implementation arrangements (marketing, claims processing, and monitoring and evaluation). Among the 28 identified maternal health voucher programmes, common characteristics included: a stated objective to increase the use of services among the means-tested poor; contracted-out programme management; contracting either exclusively private facilities or a mix of public and private providers; prioritizing community-based distribution of vouchers; and tracking individual claims for performance purposes. Maternal voucher programmes differed on whether contracted providers were given training on clinical or administrative issues; whether some form of service verification was undertaken at facility or communitylevel; and the relative size of programme management costs in the overall programme budget. Evidence suggests voucher programmes can serve populations with national-level impact. Reaching scale depends on whether the voucher programme can: (i) keep management costs low, (ii) induce a large demand-side response among the bottom two quintiles, and (iii) achieve a quality of care that translates a greater number of facility-based deliveries into a reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TAXONOMY KW - CLASSIFICATION KW - MATERNAL health services KW - OBSTETRICS KW - FINANCE KW - Demand-side financing KW - Maternal healthcare KW - Results-based financing KW - Vouchers N1 - Accession Number: 95273820; Bellows, Ben W. 1; Email Address: bbellows@popcouncil.org Conlon, Claudia M. 2 Higgs, Elizabeth S. 3 Townsend, John W. 1 Nahed, Matta G. 2 Cavanaugh, Karen 4 Grainger, Corinne G. 5 Okal, Jerry 1 Gorter, Anna C. 6; Affiliation: 1: Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 3: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA 4: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 5: Options Consultancy Services Ltd., London, UK 6: Instituto Centro-Americano de la Salud, Nicaragua; Source Info: Dec2013 Supplement 2, Vol. 31, p106; Subject Term: TAXONOMY; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: OBSTETRICS; Subject Term: FINANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Demand-side financing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal healthcare; Author-Supplied Keyword: Results-based financing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vouchers; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 10 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95273820&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graham, Thomas W. AU - McDermott, John AU - Brown, Corrie T1 - Preparing veterinarians for work in resource-poor settings. JO - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Y1 - 2013/12//12/1/2013 VL - 243 IS - 11 M3 - Opinion SP - 1523 EP - 1528 SN - 00031488 AB - The author discusses the role of professional health professional in promoting food and nutrition safety. The author mentions that livestock support human health by providing nutrient cycling, nutrients and transport. The author further highlights the role of various organizations in the U.S. including the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Education and the Department of Homeland Security. KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - FOOD -- Safety measures KW - NUTRIENT cycles KW - UNITED States. Dept. of Agriculture KW - UNITED States. Dept. of Homeland Security N1 - Accession Number: 92736626; Graham, Thomas W. 1; Email Address: tgraham@dcn.org McDermott, John 2 Brown, Corrie 1; Affiliation: 1: Veterinarians Without Borders, 1124 Pistachio Ct, Davis, CA 95618 2: Bureau of Food Security, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Wash-ington, DC 20523; Source Info: 12/1/2013, Vol. 243 Issue 11, p1523; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: FOOD -- Safety measures; Subject Term: NUTRIENT cycles; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Agriculture Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Homeland Security; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Opinion UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92736626&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolf, R. Cameron AU - Alison Surdo Cheng AU - Kapesa, Laurent AU - Castor, Delivette T1 - Building the evidence base for urgent action: HIV epidemiology and innovative programming for men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa. JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2013/12//2013 Supplement 3 VL - 16 IS - Supp 3 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 4 SN - 17582652 AB - While still an understudied area, there is a growing body of studies highlighting epidemiologic data on men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) which challenge the attitudes of complacency and irrelevancy among donors and country governments that are uncomfortable in addressing key populations (KPs). While some of the past inaction may be explained by ignorance, new data document highly elevated and sustained HIV prevalence that is seemingly isolated from recent overall declines in prevalence. The articles in this series highlight new studies which focus on the stark epidemiologic burden in countries from concentrated, mixed and generalized epidemic settings. The issue includes research from West, Central, East and Southern Africa and explores the pervasive impact of stigma and discrimination as critical barriers to confronting the HIV epidemic among MSM and the intersecting stigma and marginalization found between living with HIV and sexual minority status. Interventions to remove barriers to service access, including those aimed at training providers and mobilizing communities even within stigmatized peri-urban settings, are featured in this issue, which further demonstrates the immediate need for comprehensive action to address HIV among MSM in all countries in the region, regardless of epidemic classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the International AIDS Society is the property of International AIDS Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MEN who have sex with men KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - STIGMA (Social psychology) KW - DISCRIMINATION KW - SUB-Saharan Africa KW - epidemiology KW - HIV programmes KW - men who have sex with men KW - stigma and discrimination KW - Sub-Saharan Africa N1 - Accession Number: 93980664; Wolf, R. Cameron 1 Alison Surdo Cheng 1 Kapesa, Laurent 1 Castor, Delivette 2; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC, USA 2: United States Agency for International Development, West Africa, Accra, Ghana; Source Info: 2013 Supplement 3, Vol. 16 Issue Supp 3, p1; Subject Term: MEN who have sex with men; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Subject Term: STIGMA (Social psychology); Subject Term: DISCRIMINATION; Subject Term: SUB-Saharan Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV programmes; Author-Supplied Keyword: men who have sex with men; Author-Supplied Keyword: stigma and discrimination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-Saharan Africa; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.7448/IAS.16.4.18903 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93980664&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stewart-Phelps, Leslie AU - Johnson, Patricia S. AU - Harvey, Jeannie AU - Coppock, D. Layne T1 - Women as Change Agents in the World's Rangelands. T2 - Prólogo. JO - Rangelands (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.) JF - Rangelands (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.) Y1 - 2013/12// VL - 35 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 3 EP - 6 PB - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. SN - 01900528 AB - The article highlights the growing influence of women in the range management profession in the U.S. as of December 2013. It considers an increase in the number of women members of the Society for Range Management as a reflection of the importance of women in range management. Several indicators of change that have occurred in the professional roles of women in range management are also cited. KW - Rangelands KW - Women in the professions -- United States KW - Range management -- United States KW - United States KW - Society for Range Management (Organization) N1 - Accession Number: 94075528; Stewart-Phelps, Leslie 1; Email Address: phelps@bbcwh.net; Johnson, Patricia S. 2; Harvey, Jeannie 3; Coppock, D. Layne 4; Affiliations: 1: Range Management Specialist, Nebraska National Forests and Grasslands, USDA Forest Service, Chadron, NE 69337, USA; 2: Professor, South Dakota State University, Rapid City, SD 57702, USA; 3: Gender Advisor, Bureau for Food Security, USAID, Washington, DC 20523-1000, USA; 4: Professor, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5215, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p3; Thesaurus Term: Rangelands; Subject Term: Women in the professions -- United States; Subject Term: Range management -- United States; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: Society for Range Management (Organization); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2111/RANGELANDS-D-13-00057.1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=94075528&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coppock, D. Layne AU - Fernández-Giménez, María E. AU - Harvey, Jeannie T1 - Women as Change Agents in the World's Rangelands: Synthesis and Way Forward. T2 - Las mujeres como agentes de cambio en los pastizales y tierras silvestres del mundo: síntesis y perspectivas de avance. JO - Rangelands (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.) JF - Rangelands (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.) Y1 - 2013/12// VL - 35 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 82 EP - 90 PB - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. SN - 01900528 AB - On the Ground * We know relatively little about women and rangelands because gender has not been a major focus of rangeland research and outreach. * "Gender gaps" and "leaky pipelines" negatively affect women who live on rangelands as well as professional women in range research, teaching, and outreach. Fixing gaps and leaks is important for gender equity and rangeland stewardship. * Prominent barriers for women worldwide include male-dominated hierarchies, heavy workloads, and restricted access to the means of production. * Despite barriers, rangeland women are "change agents" who improve circumstances for families, peer groups, and communities. * Barriers can be addressed via research, education, and policy. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Perspectiva desde el campo: * Sabemos relativamente poco acerca de las mujeres y su relación con los pastizales y tierras silvestres, dado que el género no ha sido un enfoque primordial de la investigación y asistencia social de los pastizales y tierras silvestres. * Las "brechas de género" y las "tuberias con fugas" afectan negativamente a las mujeres que viven en los pastizales y tierras silvestres, asi como a las mujeres profesionales que se dedican a la investigación, la enseñanza y la asistencia social en relación con las tierras de pastoreo. Reparar brechas y fugas es importante para la igualdad de género, asi como para el cuidado y protección de los pastizales y tierras silvestres. * Las jerarquías dominadas por los hombres, las agobiantes cargas de trabajo y el acceso restringido a los medios de producción se erigen como barreras importantes para las mujeres a nivel mundial. * A pesar de las barreras, las mujeres de los pastizales y tierras silvestres son "agentes de cambio" que mejoran las circunstancias para las familias, grupos semejantes y las comunidades. * Las barreras pueden ser superadas mediante la investigacion, la educación y las politicas. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Rangelands (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.) is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Range management KW - Women -- Social conditions KW - Gender inequality KW - Women ranchers KW - Woman empowerment KW - Women in agriculture KW - Leadership in women KW - collective action KW - community leadership KW - double and triple burdens KW - pastoral women KW - ranch women KW - Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index N1 - Accession Number: 94075540; Coppock, D. Layne 1; Email Address: Layne.Coppock@usu.edu; Fernández-Giménez, María E. 2; Harvey, Jeannie 3; Affiliations: 1: Professor, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5215, USA; 2: Professor, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524-1472, USA; 3: Gender Advisor, Bureau for Food Security, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523-1000, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p82; Thesaurus Term: Range management; Subject Term: Women -- Social conditions; Subject Term: Gender inequality; Subject Term: Women ranchers; Subject Term: Woman empowerment; Subject Term: Women in agriculture; Subject Term: Leadership in women; Author-Supplied Keyword: collective action; Author-Supplied Keyword: community leadership; Author-Supplied Keyword: double and triple burdens; Author-Supplied Keyword: pastoral women; Author-Supplied Keyword: ranch women; Author-Supplied Keyword: Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2111/RANGELANDS-D-13-00048.1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=94075540&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - NEWS AU - Feng Zhao AU - Squires, Neil AU - Weakliam, David AU - Van Lerberghe, Wim AU - Soucat, Agnes AU - Toure, Kadidiatou AU - Shakarishvili, George AU - Quain, Estelle AU - Akiko Maeda T1 - Investing in human resources for health: the need for a paradigm shift. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2013/11// VL - 91 IS - 11 M3 - Editorial SP - 799 EP - 799A PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - The authors reflect on the need to invest in human resources for health across the globe. They suggest that increased international resources have been provided for human resources for health between 2003 and 2013. They argue that several paradigm shifts will be needed for future international investment in human resources for health and that the global health community needs to embrace the paradigm shifts to deal with the need for human resources for health. KW - MEDICAL education KW - WORLD health N1 - Accession Number: 91792482; Feng Zhao 1; Email Address: f.zhao@afdb.org Squires, Neil 2 Weakliam, David 3 Van Lerberghe, Wim 4 Soucat, Agnes 1 Toure, Kadidiatou 5 Shakarishvili, George 6 Quain, Estelle 7 Akiko Maeda 8; Affiliation: 1: African Development Bank, Rue de Ghana BP 323 -- 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisia 2: Department for International Development, London, England 3: Global Health Programme, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland 4: Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 5: The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland 6: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland 7: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, United States of America (USA) 8: The World Bank, Washington, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 91 Issue 11, p799; Subject Term: MEDICAL education; Subject Term: WORLD health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.2471/BLT.13.118687 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91792482&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tulenko, Kate AU - Møgedal, Sigrun AU - Afzal, Muhammad Mahmood AU - Frymus, Diana AU - Oshin, Adetokunbo AU - Pate, Muhammad AU - Quain, Estelle AU - Pinel, Arletty AU - Wynd, Shona AU - Zodpey, Sanjay T1 - Community health workers for universal health-care coverage: from fragmentation to synergy. T2 - Роль местных медработников в деле обеспечения всеобщего охвата медико-санитарной помощью: от отдельных инициатив к взаимодействию. T2 - Les agents sanitaires des collectivités pour la couverture sanitaire universelle: de la fragmentation à la synergie. T2 - Los trabajadores comunitarios de salud en la cobertura universal de la salud: de la fragmentación a la sinergia. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2013/11// VL - 91 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 847 EP - 852 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - To achieve universal health coverage, health systems will have to reach into every community, including the poorest and hardest to access. Since Alma-Ata, inconsistent support of community health workers (CHWs) and failure to integrate them into the health system have impeded full realization of their potential contribution in the context of primary health care. Scaling up and maintaining CHW programmes is fraught with a host of challenges: poor planning; multiple competing actors with little coordination; fragmented, disease-specific training; donor-driven management and funding; tenuous linkage with the health system; poor coordination, supervision and support, and under-recognition of CHWs' contribution. The current drive towards universal health coverage (UHC) presents an opportunity to enhance people's access to health services and their trust, demand and use of such services through CHWs. For their potential to be fully realized, however, CHWs will need to be better integrated into national health-care systems in terms of employment, supervision, support and career development. Partners at the global, national and district levels will have to harmonize and synchronize their engagement in CHW support while maintaining enough flexibility for programmes to innovate and respond to local needs. Strong leadership from the public sector will be needed to facilitate alignment with national policy frameworks and country-led coordination and to achieve synergies and accountability, universal coverage and sustainability. In moving towards UHC, much can be gained by investing in building CHWs' skills and supporting them as valued members of the health team. Stand-alone investments in CHWs are no shortcut to progress. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - A fin de lograr la cobertura universal de la salud, los sistemas sanitarios deben llegar a todas las comunidades, incluidas las más pobres y de difícil acceso. Desde la conferencia de Alma-Ata, el apoyo inconstante de los trabajadores comunitarios de salud (TCS) y la falta de integración de estos en el sistema sanitario han impedido la plena realización de su contribución potencial en el contexto de la atención primaria de la salud. La ampliación y el mantenimiento de los programas de trabajadores comunitarios de salud suponen muchos desafíos: la mala planificación, los agentes múltiples que compiten con insuficiente coordinación, la fragmentación en los programas de capacitación orientados a combatir enfermedades específicas, la gestión y la financiación impulsadas por los donantes, la escasa unión con el sistema sanitario, la falta de coordinación, supervisión y apoyo, y la infravaloración de la contribución de los trabajadores comunitarios de la salud. El avance actual hacia la cobertura universal de la salud (CUS) ofrece una oportunidad para mejorar el acceso de la población a los servicios de salud, así como para aumentar la confianza, la demanda y el uso de dichos servicios a través de los trabajadores comunitarios de salud. Sin embargo, es necesario integrar mejor a los trabajadores comunitarios de salud, en términos de empleo, supervisión, apoyo y desarrollo profesional, en los sistemas nacionales sanitarios para aprovechar plenamente su potencial. Los socios a nivel mundial, nacional y local deben armonizar y sincronizar su compromiso a favor de los trabajadores comunitarios de salud, manteniendo la flexibilidad suficiente para que los programas tengan capacidad de innovación y respuesta frente a las necesidades locales. Se requiere un fuerte liderazgo por parte del sector público para facilitar la alineación con los marcos de las políticas nacionales y la coordinación dirigida por el país, y para lograr sinergias y la rendición de cuentas, la cobertura universal y la sostenibilidad. En la consecución de la cobertura universal de la salud, pueden obtenerse grandes beneficios si se invierte en el desarrollo de competencias de los trabajadores comunitarios de salud, y se les apoya como miembros valiosos del equipo sanitario. Por el contrario, las inversiones aisladas en trabajadores comunitarios de salud no son atajos hacia el progreso. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Pour parvenir à une couverture sanitaire universelle, les systèmes de santé devront étendre leur portée à toutes les communautés, y compris celles qui sont les plus pauvres et les plus difficiles d'accès. Depuis la Déclaration de Alma-Ata, le soutien inégal des agents sanitaires des collectivités et l'échec de leur intégration dans les systèmes de santé ont empêché la pleine réalisation de leur contribution potentielle dans le contexte des soins de santé primaires. Le développement et le maintien des programmes des agents sanitaires des collectivités se heurtent à une multitude de défis à relever: mauvaise planification; multitude d'acteurs concurrents avec peu de coordination; formation fragmentée et spécifique aux maladies; gestion et financement à l'initiative des donateurs; lien ténu avec le système de santé; coordination, supervision et soutien de mauvaise qualité, et sous-reconnaissance de la contribution des agents sanitaires des collectivités. La campagne actuelle vers une couverture sanitaire universelle offre une opportunité d'améliorer l'accès des personnes à des services de santé, ainsi que leur confiance, demande et utilisation de tels services par le biais des agents sanitaires des collectivités. Pour que leur potentiel puisse être pleinement réalisé, les agents sanitaires des collectivités devront toutefois être mieux intégrés dans les systèmes nationaux de soins de santé en termes d'embauche, de supervision, de soutien et d'évolution de carrière. Les partenaires au niveau du monde, du pays et du district devront harmoniser et synchroniser leurs engagements dans le soutien aux agents sanitaires des collectivités tout en maintenant suffisamment de flexibilité pour permettre aux programmes d'innover et de répondre aux besoins locaux. Un leadership fort du secteur public sera nécessaire pour faciliter l'alignement avec les cadres politiques nationaux et la coordination dirigée par le pays et pour réaliser des synergies et des responsabilités, la couverture universelle et la durabilité. En avançant vers la couverture sanitaire universelle, il y a beaucoup à gagner en investissant dans l'acquisition de compétences des agents sanitaires des collectivités et en les soutenant en tant que membres à part entière des équipes de santé. Les investissements autonomes au bénéfice des agents sanitaires des collectivités ne sont pas des raccourcis vers le progrès. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Для обеспечения всеобщего охвата медико-санитарной помощью системы здравоохранения должны быть внедрены во всех сообществах, включая самые бедные слои населения и жителей, проживающих в труднодоступных регионах. Кроме Алматы, отсутствует стабильная поддержка местных медицинских работников (ММР), как и их полная интеграция в систему здравоохранения, что препятствует полноценной реализации их полноценного вклада в оказание первичной медико-санитарной помощи. Расширение охвата и программ поддержки ММР усложняется значительным количеством проблем: несовершенное планирование; множество конкурирующих участников, практически не координирующих между собой свою деятельность; фрагментированная подготовка, специализирующаяся только на определенных заболеваниях; значительная зависимость управления и финансирования от спонсоров; непрочные связи с системой здравоохранения; недостаточный уровень координации, надзора и поддержки, а также недооценка вклада ММР. Текущая тенденция к внедрению всеобщего охвата медико-санитарной помощью предоставляет возможности улучшить доступ населения к службам здравоохранения, а также повысить доверие, уровень спроса и использование таких служб через ММР. Тем не менее, чтобы в полной мере реализовать свой потенциал, местные медработники должны быть в большей степени интегрированы в национальные системы здравоохранения в вопросах трудоустройства, надзора, поддержки и карьерного роста. Организации-партнеры на глобальном, национальном и региональном уровнях должны гармонизировать и синхронизировать свою деятельность по поддержке ММР, сохраняя при этом достаточную гибкость для программ по внедрению инициатив и реагирования на локальные потребности. Понадобится проявление руководящей воли со стороны государственных служб, чтобы обеспечить согласованность данных усилий с положениями национальной политики и координацию в масштабах страны для достижения взаимодействия и контролируемости, всеобщего охвата и устойчивого развития. На пути внедрения всеобщего охвата медико-санитарной помощью много можно достигнуть путем инвестиций в развитие профессиональных навыков у ММР и поддержки их как ценных членов системы здравоохранения. Отдельные инвестиции в ММР не так перспективны для ускорения прогресса в данном направлении. (Russian) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMMUNITY health aides KW - HEALTH care teams KW - HEALTH services accessibility KW - HEALTH insurance KW - TEAMS in the workplace KW - WORLD health N1 - Accession Number: 91792503; Tulenko, Kate 1; Email Address: ktulenko@capacityplus.org Møgedal, Sigrun 2 Afzal, Muhammad Mahmood 3 Frymus, Diana 4 Oshin, Adetokunbo 5 Pate, Muhammad 5 Quain, Estelle 4 Pinel, Arletty 6 Wynd, Shona 7 Zodpey, Sanjay 8; Affiliation: 1: CapacityPlus, IntraHealth, 1776 I St, NW, Washington, DC 20006, United States of America (USA) 2: Norwegian Knowledge Center for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway 3: Global Health Workforce Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland 4: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, USA 5: Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria 6: Genos Global, Panama City, Panama 7: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland 8: Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 91 Issue 11, p847; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health aides; Subject Term: HEALTH care teams; Subject Term: HEALTH services accessibility; Subject Term: HEALTH insurance; Subject Term: TEAMS in the workplace; Subject Term: WORLD health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524111 Direct individual life, health and medical insurance carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524112 Direct group life, health and medical insurance carriers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.13.118745 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91792503&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, James AU - Buchan, James AU - Cometto, Giorgio AU - David, Benedict AU - Dussault, Gilles AU - Fogstad, Helga AU - Fronteira, Inês AU - Lozano, Rafael AU - Nyonator, Frank AU - Pablos-Méndez, Ariel AU - Quain, Estelle E. AU - Starrs, Ann AU - Viroj Tangcharoensathien T1 - Human resources for health and universal health coverage: fostering equity and effective coverage. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2013/11// VL - 91 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 853 EP - 863 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves distributing resources, especially human resources for health (HRH), to match population needs. This paper explores the policy lessons on HRH from four countries that have achieved sustained improvements in UHC: Brazil, Ghana, Mexico and Thailand. Its purpose is to inform global policy and financial commitments on HRH in support of UHC. The paper reports on country experiences using an analytical framework that examines effective coverage in relation to the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ) of HRH. The AAAQ dimensions make it possible to perform tracing analysis on HRH policy actions since 1990 in the four countries of interest in relation to national trends in workforce numbers and population mortality rates. The findings inform key principles for evidence-based decision-making on HRH in support of UHC. First, HRH are critical to the expansion of health service coverage and the package of benefits; second, HRH strategies in each of the AAAQ dimensions collectively support achievements in effective coverage; and third, success is achieved through partnerships involving health and non-health actors. Facing the unprecedented health and development challenges that affect all countries and transforming HRH evidence into policy and practice must be at the heart of UHC and the post-2015 development agenda. It is a political imperative requiring national commitment and leadership to maximize the impact of available financial and human resources, and improve healthy life expectancy, with the recognition that improvements in health care are enabled by a health workforce that is fit for purpose. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Lograr una cobertura sanitaria universal implica una distribución de los recursos, en particular, de los recursos humanos para la salud (RHS), a fin de satisfacer las necesidades de la población. Este documento examina las lecciones sobre políticas relacionadas con los RHS de cuatro países que han conseguido avances ininterrumpidos en materia de cobertura sanitaria universal: Brasil, Ghana, México y Tailandia. Su objetivo consiste en exponer la política mundial y los compromisos financieros sobre RHS como ayuda para una cobertura sanitaria universal. El documento explica las experiencias de los países mencionados por medio de un marco de trabajo analítico que examina la eficacia de una cobertura en función de la disponibilidad, accesibilidad, aceptabilidad y calidad (DAAC) de los RHS. Los aspectos DAAC permiten llevar a cabo análisis de seguimiento sobre las acciones políticas relativas a los RHS desde 1990 en los cuatro países de interés en relación con las tendencias nacionales en el número de trabajadores y las tasas de mortalidad de la población. Los resultados muestran los principios fundamentales para la toma de decisiones basadas en pruebas científicas sobre los RHS como apoyo a una cobertura sanitaria universal. En primer lugar, los RHS son esenciales para expandir la cobertura de los servicios sanitarios y el conjunto de prestaciones. En segundo lugar, las estrategias RHS en cada uno de los aspectos DAAC respaldan de forma colectiva los logros en la eficacia de la cobertura y, en tercer lugar, los buenos resultados solo pueden conseguirse a través de la asociación de actores sanitarios y no sanitarios. Hacer frente a los desafíos sanitarios y de desarrollo sin precedentes que afectan a todos los países y traducir las pruebas científicas sobre RHS en políticas y prácticas deben convertirse en los puntos centrales de la cobertura sanitaria universal y de la agenda de desarrollo a partir del año 2015. Se trata de un imperativo político que requiere un compromiso y liderazgo nacionales para potenciar el impacto de los recursos financieros y humanos disponibles, y así mejorar la esperanza de vida saludable, sin olvidar que las mejoras en materia de asistencia sanitaria son posibles gracias a un personal sanitario apto para tal propósito. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Parvenir à la couverture sanitaire universelle (CSU) implique la répartition des ressources, et en particulier des ressources humaines pour la santé (RHS), afin de répondre aux besoins de la population. Cet article étudie les leçons politiques sur les RHS de quatre pays ayant accompli des progrès durables en matière de CSU: le Brésil, le Ghana, le Mexique et la Thaïlande. Son but est d'informer sur les politiques globales et les engagements financiers dans les RHS visant à promouvoir la CSU. L'article décrit les expériences des pays à l'aide d'un cadre analytique examinant la couverture efficace par rapport à la disponibilité, l'accessibilité, l'acceptabilité et la qualité (DAAQ) des RHS. Les dimensions DAAQ permettent de réaliser une analyse de traçage des actions politiques en RHS depuis 1990 dans les quatre pays étudiés, par rapport aux tendances nationales des statistiques de main-d'oeuvre et des taux de mortalité de la population. Les résultats indiquent quels sont les principes clés pour la prise de décisions basées sur les faits sur les RHS visant à promouvoir la CSU. Premièrement, les RHS sont essentielles à l'expansion de la couverture des services de santé et de l'ensemble des avantages; deuxièmement, des stratégies RHS pour chacune des dimensions DAAQ favorisent collectivement les progrès vers une couverture efficace; et troisièmement, le succès est atteint à travers des partenariats impliquant des acteurs tant médicaux que non médicaux. Répondre aux défis sans précédent dans les domaines de la santé et du développement, qui concernent tous les pays, et transformer les faits RHS en politiques et en pratiques doivent être à la base du programme de CSU et de l'agenda de développement post-2015. C'est un impératif politique qui exige un engagement et un leadership nationaux pour optimiser l'impact des ressources financières et humaines disponibles et accroître l'espérance de vie en bonne santé, avec la reconnaissance que les progrès dans le domaine des soins de santé ne sont possibles qu'avec une main-d'oeuvre de santé adéquate. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Достижение всеобщего охвата медико-санитарной помощью (ВОМСП) подразумевает распределение ресурсов, особенно кадровых ресурсов здравоохранения (КРЗ), в соответствии с потребностями населения. В данной статье исследуются результаты проведения политики в области КРЗ в четырех странах, добившихся устойчивых улучшений в области ВОМСП: Бразилии, Ганы, Мексики и Таиланда. Целью статьи является информирование о глобальной политике и финансовых обязательствах по КРЗ в целях обеспечения ВОМСП. В статье сообщается об опыте стран с применением аналитической основы, когда эффективность охвата медицинскими услугами рассматривается на основе таких параметров КРЗ, как наличие, доступность, приемлемость и качество (НДПК). Использование параметров НДПК дало возможность выполнить исторический анализ политики КРЗ в этих четырех странах с 1990 года с учетом национальных тенденций численности рабочей силы и смертности населения. В результате были выделены основные принципы научно обоснованных решений по КРЗ для поддержки ВОМСП. Во-первых, КРЗ имеет решающее значение для расширения охвата медицинским обслуживанием и связанных с ним комплексных улучшений; во-вторых, стратегии КРЗ по каждому параметру НДПК совместно обеспечивают более эффективный охват услугами; и в-третьих, успех достигается благодаря партнерским отношениям с организациями, как связанными со здравоохранением, так и работающими вне этой области. Эффективное преодоление беспрецедентных трудностей в области здравоохранения и развития, затрагивающих все страны, и воплощение результатов, полученных в ходе исследования КРЗ, в политику и практику, должно стать основой стратегии ВОМСП и сформировать повестку дня в целях развития после 2015 года. Политическим императивом сегодня является национальная заинтересованность и обеспечение руководства развитием здравоохранения, что позволит оптимально использовать имеющиеся финансовые и людские ресурсы и увеличить ожидаемую продолжительность здоровой жизни. При этом необходимо признание того, что улучшения в области медицинского обслуживания возможны только при наличии кадров работников здравоохранения, соответствующих данным целям. (Russian) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH services accessibility KW - HEALTH insurance KW - MEDICAL care -- Quality control KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - MEDICAL policy KW - BRAZIL KW - GHANA KW - MEXICO KW - THAILAND N1 - Accession Number: 91792490; Campbell, James 1; Email Address: jim.campbell@integrare.es Buchan, James 2 Cometto, Giorgio 3 David, Benedict 4 Dussault, Gilles 5 Fogstad, Helga 6 Fronteira, Inês 5 Lozano, Rafael 7 Nyonator, Frank 8 Pablos-Méndez, Ariel 9 Quain, Estelle E. 9 Starrs, Ann 10 Viroj Tangcharoensathien 11; Affiliation: 1: Instituto de Cooperación Social Integrare, Calle Balmes 30, 3°-1, 08007 Barcelona, Spain 2: Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland 3: Global Health Workforce Alliance, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 4: Australian Agency for International Development, Canberra, Australia 5: Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 6: Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Oslo, Norway 7: National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico 8: Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana 9: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, United States of America (USA) 10: Family Care International, New York, USA 11: International Health Policy Programme, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 91 Issue 11, p853; Subject Term: HEALTH services accessibility; Subject Term: HEALTH insurance; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Quality control; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: BRAZIL; Subject Term: GHANA; Subject Term: MEXICO; Subject Term: THAILAND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524112 Direct group life, health and medical insurance carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524111 Direct individual life, health and medical insurance carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.13.118729 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91792490&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104155296 T1 - Investing in human resources for health: the need for a paradigm shift. AU - Feng Zhao AU - Squires, Neil AU - Weakliam, David AU - Van Lerberghe, Wim AU - Soucat, Agnes AU - Toure, Kadidiatou AU - Shakarishvili, George AU - Quain, Estelle AU - Akiko Maeda Y1 - 2013/11// N1 - Accession Number: 104155296. Language: English. Entry Date: 20131106. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; editorial. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Health Personnel -- Education KW - World Health -- Trends SP - 799 EP - 799A JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 91 IS - 11 PB - World Health Organization SN - 0042-9686 AD - African Development Bank, Rue de Ghana BP 323 -- 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisia AD - Department for International Development, London, England AD - Global Health Programme, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland AD - Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal AD - The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland AD - The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, United States of America (USA) AD - The World Bank, Washington, USA U2 - PMID: 24347698. DO - 10.2471/BLT.13.118687 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104155296&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104155298 T1 - Community health workers for universal health-care coverage: from fragmentation to synergy. AU - Tulenko, Kate AU - Møgedal, Sigrun AU - Afzal, Muhammad Mahmood AU - Frymus, Diana AU - Oshin, Adetokunbo AU - Pate, Muhammad AU - Quain, Estelle AU - Pinel, Arletty AU - Wynd, Shona AU - Zodpey, Sanjay Y1 - 2013/11// N1 - Accession Number: 104155298. Language: English. Entry Date: 20131106. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Community Health Workers -- Evaluation KW - Insurance, Health KW - Health Services Accessibility -- Trends KW - World Health KW - Multidisciplinary Care Team KW - Teamwork SP - 847 EP - 852 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 91 IS - 11 PB - World Health Organization AB - To achieve universal health coverage, health systems will have to reach into every community, including the poorest and hardest to access. Since Alma-Ata, inconsistent support of community health workers (CHWs) and failure to integrate them into the health system have impeded full realization of their potential contribution in the context of primary health care. Scaling up and maintaining CHW programmes is fraught with a host of challenges: poor planning; multiple competing actors with little coordination; fragmented, disease-specific training; donor-driven management and funding; tenuous linkage with the health system; poor coordination, supervision and support, and under-recognition of CHWs' contribution. The current drive towards universal health coverage (UHC) presents an opportunity to enhance people's access to health services and their trust, demand and use of such services through CHWs. For their potential to be fully realized, however, CHWs will need to be better integrated into national health-care systems in terms of employment, supervision, support and career development. Partners at the global, national and district levels will have to harmonize and synchronize their engagement in CHW support while maintaining enough flexibility for programmes to innovate and respond to local needs. Strong leadership from the public sector will be needed to facilitate alignment with national policy frameworks and country-led coordination and to achieve synergies and accountability, universal coverage and sustainability. In moving towards UHC, much can be gained by investing in building CHWs' skills and supporting them as valued members of the health team. Stand-alone investments in CHWs are no shortcut to progress. SN - 0042-9686 AD - CapacityPlus, IntraHealth, 1776 I St, NW, Washington, DC 20006, United States of America (USA) AD - Norwegian Knowledge Center for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway AD - Global Health Workforce Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, USA AD - Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria AD - Genos Global, Panama City, Panama AD - Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India U2 - PMID: 24347709. DO - 10.2471/BLT.13.118745 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104155298&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104155302 T1 - Human resources for health and universal health coverage: fostering equity and effective coverage. AU - Campbell, James AU - Buchan, James AU - Cometto, Giorgio AU - David, Benedict AU - Dussault, Gilles AU - Fogstad, Helga AU - Fronteira, Inês AU - Lozano, Rafael AU - Nyonator, Frank AU - Pablos-Méndez, Ariel AU - Quain, Estelle E. AU - Starrs, Ann AU - Viroj Tangcharoensathien Y1 - 2013/11// N1 - Accession Number: 104155302. Language: English. Entry Date: 20131106. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Health Manpower KW - Health Policy -- Trends KW - Insurance, Health -- Trends KW - Health Services Accessibility -- Evaluation KW - Brazil KW - Ghana KW - Mexico KW - Thailand KW - Quality of Health Care -- Evaluation SP - 853 EP - 863 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 91 IS - 11 PB - World Health Organization AB - Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves distributing resources, especially human resources for health (HRH), to match population needs. This paper explores the policy lessons on HRH from four countries that have achieved sustained improvements in UHC: Brazil, Ghana, Mexico and Thailand. Its purpose is to inform global policy and financial commitments on HRH in support of UHC. The paper reports on country experiences using an analytical framework that examines effective coverage in relation to the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ) of HRH. The AAAQ dimensions make it possible to perform tracing analysis on HRH policy actions since 1990 in the four countries of interest in relation to national trends in workforce numbers and population mortality rates. The findings inform key principles for evidence-based decision-making on HRH in support of UHC. First, HRH are critical to the expansion of health service coverage and the package of benefits; second, HRH strategies in each of the AAAQ dimensions collectively support achievements in effective coverage; and third, success is achieved through partnerships involving health and non-health actors. Facing the unprecedented health and development challenges that affect all countries and transforming HRH evidence into policy and practice must be at the heart of UHC and the post-2015 development agenda. It is a political imperative requiring national commitment and leadership to maximize the impact of available financial and human resources, and improve healthy life expectancy, with the recognition that improvements in health care are enabled by a health workforce that is fit for purpose. SN - 0042-9686 AD - Instituto de Cooperación Social Integrare, Calle Balmes 30, 3°-1, 08007 Barcelona, Spain AD - Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland AD - Global Health Workforce Alliance, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Australian Agency for International Development, Canberra, Australia AD - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal AD - Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Oslo, Norway AD - National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico AD - Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, United States of America (USA) AD - Family Care International, New York, USA AD - International Health Policy Programme, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand U2 - PMID: 24347710. DO - 10.2471/BLT.13.118729 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104155302&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gallo, Maria F. AU - Walldorf, Jenny AU - Kolesar, Robert AU - Agarwal, Aarti AU - Kourtis, Athena P. AU - Jamieson, Denise J. AU - Finlay, Alyssa T1 - Evaluation of a volunteer community-based health worker program for providing contraceptive services in Madagascar. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2013/11// VL - 88 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 657 EP - 665 SN - 00107824 AB - Abstract: Background: Madagascar recently scaled up their volunteer community health worker (CHW) program in maternal health and family planning to reach remote and underserved communities. Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation using a systematic sample of 100 CHWs trained to provide contraceptive counseling and short-acting contraceptive services at the community level. CHWs were interviewed on demographics, recruitment, training, supervision, commodity supply, and other measures of program functionality; tested on knowledge of injectable contraception; and observed by an expert while completing five simulated client encounters with uninstructed volunteers. We developed a CHW performance score (0–100%) based on the number of counseling activities adequately met during the client encounters and used multivariable linear regression to identify correlates of the score. Results: CHWs had a mean performance score of 73.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.3–77.6%). More education, more weekly volunteer hours, and receiving a refresher training correlated with a higher performance score. We found no other associations between measures of the components previously identified as essential for effective CHW programs and performance score. Conclusions: Although areas of deficiency were identified, CHWs proved capable of providing high-quality contraception services. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - VOLUNTEERS KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - HEALTH programs KW - CROSS-sectional method KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - REGRESSION analysis KW - Community health workers KW - Contraception KW - Evaluation KW - Multivariable linear regression N1 - Accession Number: 90629897; Gallo, Maria F. 1; Email Address: mgallo@cdc.gov Walldorf, Jenny 2 Kolesar, Robert 3 Agarwal, Aarti 4 Kourtis, Athena P. 1 Jamieson, Denise J. 1 Finlay, Alyssa 4; Affiliation: 1: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 2: Department of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA 3: Health, Population, and Nutrition Office, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Madagascar 4: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 88 Issue 5, p657; Subject Term: VOLUNTEERS; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: HEALTH programs; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community health workers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contraception; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariable linear regression; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.06.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90629897&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-34018-002 AN - 2013-34018-002 AU - Tagler, Michael J. AU - Cozzarelli, Catherine T1 - Feelings toward the poor and beliefs about the causes of poverty: The role of affective-cognitive consistency in help-giving. JF - The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied JO - The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied JA - J Psychol Y1 - 2013/11// VL - 147 IS - 6 SP - 517 EP - 539 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 0022-3980 SN - 1940-1019 AD - Tagler, Michael J., Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, US, 47306 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-34018-002. PMID: 24199510 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Tagler, Michael J.; Ball State University, Muncie, IN, US. Other Publishers: Heldref Publications. Release Date: 20131014. Correction Date: 20140303. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Assistance (Social Behavior); Poverty; Social Cognition; Social Perception. Minor Descriptor: Emotional States; Intention. Classification: Social Psychology (3000); Personality Traits & Processes (3120). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Tests & Measures: Budget Allocation Task; Volunteer Decision Task; Affective Component of Attitudes Toward the Poor Measure; Global Evaluative Dimension of Attitudes Toward the Poor Measure; Political Ideology Scale; Attribution Questionnaire. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 23. Issue Publication Date: Nov, 2013. Publication History: Accepted Date: Aug 2, 2012; First Submitted Date: Apr 17, 2012. Copyright Statement: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 2013. AB - This study examined how affective-cognitive consistency moderates the strength of the relationship between attitudes toward the poor and help-giving intentions. Participant's (N = 198) overall attitudes toward the poor and the consistency of their affect (feelings toward the poor) and cognition (beliefs about the causes of poverty) were measured. Affective-cognitive consistency moderated the degree to which attitudes predicted welfare allocations and volunteering to help the poor, such that attitudes significantly predicted these decisions among participants whose feelings toward the poor were consistent with their beliefs about the causes of poverty. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - poverty KW - cognitive consistency KW - help giving intention KW - social beliefs KW - affective states KW - 2013 KW - Assistance (Social Behavior) KW - Poverty KW - Social Cognition KW - Social Perception KW - Emotional States KW - Intention KW - 2013 DO - 10.1080/00223980.2012.718721 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-34018-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - mjtagler@bsu.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2014-05799-001 AN - 2014-05799-001 AU - Amzel, Anouk AU - Toska, Elona AU - Lovich, Ronnie AU - Widyono, Monique AU - Patel, Tejal AU - Foti, Carrie AU - Dziuban, Eric J. AU - Phelps, B. Ryan AU - Sugandhi, Nandita AU - Mark, Daniella AU - Altschuler, Jenny T1 - Promoting a combination approach to paediatric HIV psychosocial support. JF - AIDS JO - AIDS JA - AIDS Y1 - 2013/11// VL - 27 IS - Suppl, 2 SP - S147 EP - S157 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 0269-9370 SN - 1473-5571 AD - Amzel, Anouk, USAID, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, Suite 200, Washington, DC, US, 20004 N1 - Accession Number: 2014-05799-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Amzel, Anouk; US Agency for International Development, Global Health/Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC, US. Institutional Authors: The Child Survival Working Group, Interagency Task Team on the Prevention and Treatment of HIV-infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers and Children. Release Date: 20140414. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Amzel, Anouk. Major Descriptor: Caregivers; HIV; Pediatrics; Psychosocial Factors. Minor Descriptor: Well Being. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291); Home Care & Hospice (3375). Population: Human (10). Methodology: Literature Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 11. Issue Publication Date: Nov, 2013. Copyright Statement: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013. AB - Ninety percent of the 3.4 million HIV-infected children live in sub-Saharan Africa. Their psychosocial well being is fundamental to establishing and maintaining successful treatment outcomes and overall quality of life. With the increased roll-out of antiretroviral treatment, HIV infection is shifting from a life-threatening to a chronic disease. However, even for paediatric patients enrolled in care and treatment, HIV can still be devastating due to the interaction of complex factors, particularly in the context of other household illness and overextended healthcare systems in sub-Saharan Africa. This article explores the negative effect of several interrelated HIV-specific factors on the psychosocial well being of HIV-infected children: disclosure, stigma and discrimination, and bereavement. However, drawing on clinical studies of resilience, it stresses the need to move beyond a focus on the individual as a full response to the needs of a sick child requires support for the individual child, caregiver-child dyads, extended families, communities, and institutions. This means providing early and progressive age appropriate interventions aimed at increasing the self-reliance and self-acceptance in children and their caregivers and promoting timely health-seeking behaviours. Critical barriers that cause poorer biomedical and psychosocial outcomes among children and caregiver must also be addressed as should the causes and consequences of stigma and associated gender and social norms. This article reviews interventions at different levels of the ecological model: individual-centred programs, family-centred interventions, programs that support or train healthcare providers, community interventions for HIV-infected children, and initiatives that improve the capacity of schools to provide more supportive environments for HIV infected children. Although experience is increasing in approaches that address the psychosocial needs of vulnerable and HIV-infected children, there is still limited evidence demonstrating which interventions have positive effects on the well being of HIV-infected children. Interventions that improve the psychosocial well being of children living with HIV must be replicable in resource-limited settings, avoiding dependence on specialized staff for implementation. This paper advocates for combination approaches that strengthen the capacity of service providers, expand the availability of age appropriate and family-centred support and equip schools to be more protective and supportive of children living with HIV. The coordination of care with other community-based interventions is also needed to foster more supportive and less stigmatizing environments. To ensure effective, feasible, and scalable interventions, improving the evidence base to document improved outcomes and longer term impact as well as implementation of operational studies to document delivery approaches are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - pediatrics KW - HIV KW - psychosocial support KW - well being KW - caregivers KW - 2013 KW - Caregivers KW - HIV KW - Pediatrics KW - Psychosocial Factors KW - Well Being KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: UNICEF. Recipients: Amzel, Anouk; Toska, Elona; Lovich, Ronnie; Widyono, Monique; Patel, Tejal; Foti, Carrie; Dziuban, Eric J.; Phelps, B. Ryan; Sugandhi, Nandita; Mark, Daniella; Altschuler, Jenny U1 - Sponsor: Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Canada. Recipients: Amzel, Anouk; Toska, Elona; Lovich, Ronnie; Widyono, Monique; Patel, Tejal; Foti, Carrie; Dziuban, Eric J.; Phelps, B. Ryan; Sugandhi, Nandita; Mark, Daniella; Altschuler, Jenny DO - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000098 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-05799-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - aamzel@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gijzen, Hubert T1 - Development: Big data for a sustainable future. JO - Nature JF - Nature Y1 - 2013/10/03/ VL - 502 IS - 7469 M3 - Article SP - 38 EP - 38 PB - Nature Publishing Group SN - 00280836 AB - A letter to the editor related to a discussion on the use of big data to secure Sustainable Development Goals at the United Nations General Assembly session held in New York is presented, which was published in the previous issue. KW - SUSTAINABLE development KW - BIG data KW - UNITED Nations. General Assembly N1 - Accession Number: 90521485; Gijzen, Hubert 1; Affiliation: 1: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia.; Source Info: 10/3/2013, Vol. 502 Issue 7469, p38; Subject Term: SUSTAINABLE development; Subject Term: BIG data; Company/Entity: UNITED Nations. General Assembly; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1038/502038d UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90521485&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morantz, Gillian1 AU - Cole, Donald C.2 AU - Ayaya, Samuel3 AU - Ayuku, David3 AU - Braitstein, Paula2,3,4,5,6 T1 - Maltreatment experiences and associated factors prior to admission to residential care: A sample of institutionalized children and youth in western Kenya. JO - Child Abuse & Neglect JF - Child Abuse & Neglect J1 - Child Abuse & Neglect PY - 2013/10// Y1 - 2013/10// VL - 37 IS - 10 CP - 10 M3 - Article SP - 778 EP - 787 SN - 01452134 AB - Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of maltreatment experienced by institutionalized children prior to their admission to Charitable Children's Institutions (orphanages) in western Kenya, and to describe their socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for admission, and the factors associated with prior experiences of maltreatment. Methods: A systematic file review was undertaken in five CCIs. Demographic, prior caregiving settings and maltreatment data were extracted. Forms of maltreatment were recorded according to WHO and ISPCAN guidelines. Logistic regression was used in bivariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with reasons for placement and forms of maltreatment. Results: A total of 462 files were reviewed. The median (interquartile range) age of children was 6.8 (5.08) years at admission, 56% were male, and 71% had lost one or both parents. The reasons for admission were destitution (36%), abandonment (22%), neglect (21%), physical/sexual abuse (8%), and lack of caregiver (8%). The majority of child and youth residents had experienced at least one form of maltreatment (66%): physical abuse (8%), sexual abuse (2%), psychological abuse (28%), neglect (26%), medical neglect (18%), school deprivation (38%), abandonment (30%), and child labor (23%). The most common reason for non-orphans to be admitted was maltreatment (90%), whereas the most common reason for orphans to be admitted was destitution (49%). Girls (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: .61, 95% CI: .39–.95) and orphans (AOR: .04, 95% CI: .01–.17) were both independently less likely to have a history of maltreatment irrespective of whether it was the reason for admission. Children whose primary caregiver had not been a parent (AOR: .36, 95% CI: .15–.86) and orphans (AOR: .17, 95% CI: .06–.44) were less likely to have been admitted for maltreatment, while children who were separated from siblings were more likely to have been admitted for maltreatment (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01–2.60). Conclusions: The high prevalence of maltreatment prior to admission, particularly among nonorphans, suggests the need for better child abuse and neglect prevention programs in communities, and psychosocial support services in institutions. The significant proportion of children admitted for poverty, predominantly among orphans, indicates that community-based poverty-reduction programs might reduce the need for institutionalization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] KW - Child abuse -- Research KW - Meta-analysis KW - Orphanages KW - Children -- Institutional care KW - Prevention of child abuse N1 - Accession Number: 90629311; Authors:Morantz, Gillian 1; Cole, Donald C. 2; Ayaya, Samuel 3; Ayuku, David 3; Braitstein, Paula 2,3,4,5,6; Affiliations: 1: Department of General Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 2: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Health Science Building, 6th floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada; 3: Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, 030100, Eldoret, Kenya; 4: Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 South Drive, Fesler Hall, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5114, USA; 5: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership, P.O. Box 4606, 030100, Eldoret, Kenya; 6: Regenstrief Institute Inc., 1050 Wishard Boulevard, 6th Floor, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2872, USA; Subject: Child abuse -- Research; Subject: Meta-analysis; Subject: Orphanages; Subject: Children -- Institutional care; Subject: Prevention of child abuse; Subject: Kenya; Author-Supplied Keyword: Abuse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Institution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neglect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orphan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residential care; Number of Pages: 10p; Record Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.10.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eft&AN=90629311&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eft ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, Yun AU - Yu, Jia AU - Khan, Shahbaz T1 - The spatial framework for weight sensitivity analysis in AHP-based multi-criteria decision making. JO - Environmental Modelling & Software JF - Environmental Modelling & Software Y1 - 2013/10// VL - 48 M3 - Article SP - 129 EP - 140 SN - 13648152 AB - Abstract: Criteria weights determined from pairwise comparisons are often the greatest contributor to the uncertainties in the AHP-based multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). During an MCDM process, the weights can be changed directly by adjusting the output from a pairwise comparison matrix, or indirectly by recalculating the matrix after varying its input. Corresponding weight sensitivity on multi-criteria evaluation results is generally difficult to be quantitatively assessed and spatially visualized. This study developed a unique methodology which extends the AHP-SA model proposed by Chen et al. (2010) to a more comprehensive framework to analyze weight sensitivity caused by both direct and indirect weight changes using the one-at-a-time (OAT) technique. With increased efficiency, improved flexibility and enhanced visualization capability, the spatial framework was developed as AHP-SA2 within a GIS platform. A case study with in-depth discussion is provided to demonstrate the new toolset. It assists stakeholders and researchers with better understanding of weight sensitivity for characterising, reporting and minimising uncertainty in the AHP-based spatial MCDM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Environmental Modelling & Software is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SENSITIVITY analysis KW - MULTIPLE criteria decision making KW - COMPARATIVE studies KW - GEOGRAPHIC information systems KW - STAKEHOLDERS KW - QUANTITATIVE research KW - ArcGIS KW - MCDM KW - OAT KW - Pairwise comparison matrix KW - Uncertainty N1 - Accession Number: 89741495; Chen, Yun 1,2 Yu, Jia 2,3; Email Address: yujiashnu@126.com Khan, Shahbaz 4; Email Address: s.khan@unesco.org; Affiliation: 1: CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia 2: Department of Geography, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China 3: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China 4: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 48, p129; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: MULTIPLE criteria decision making; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: STAKEHOLDERS; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Author-Supplied Keyword: ArcGIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: MCDM; Author-Supplied Keyword: OAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pairwise comparison matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.06.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89741495&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stanton, Cynthia K. AU - Newton, Samuel AU - Mullany, Luke C. AU - Cofie, Patience AU - Tawiah Agyemang, Charlotte AU - Adiibokah, Edward AU - Amenga-Etego, Seeba AU - Darcy, Niamh AU - Khan, Sadaf AU - Armbruster, Deborah AU - Gyapong, John AU - Owusu-Agyei, Seth T1 - Effect on Postpartum Hemorrhage of Prophylactic Oxytocin (10 IU) by Injection by Community Health Officers in Ghana: A Community-Based, Cluster-Randomized Trial. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2013/10// VL - 10 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - : Cynthia Stanton and colleagues conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Ghana to assess whether oxytocin given by injection by community health officers at home births was a feasible and safe option in preventing postpartum hemorrhage. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEMORRHAGE KW - MATERNAL health care teams KW - OXYTOCIN KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - MISOPROSTOL KW - MATERNAL health services KW - Research Article N1 - Accession Number: 91764706; Stanton, Cynthia K. 1; Email Address: cstanton@jhsph.edu Newton, Samuel 2 Mullany, Luke C. 1 Cofie, Patience 3 Tawiah Agyemang, Charlotte 2 Adiibokah, Edward 2 Amenga-Etego, Seeba 2 Darcy, Niamh 4 Khan, Sadaf 5 Armbruster, Deborah 6 Gyapong, John 7 Owusu-Agyei, Seth 2; Affiliation: 1: 1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 2: 2 Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana 3: 3 PATH, Ghana, Accra, Ghana 4: 4 Research Triangle Institute, North Carolina, United States of America 5: 5 PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 6: 6 United States Agency for International Development, Washington (DC), United States of America 7: 7 School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 10 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: HEMORRHAGE; Subject Term: MATERNAL health care teams; Subject Term: OXYTOCIN; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: MISOPROSTOL; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001524 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91764706&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - BARR, CYNTHIA M. AU - BLACKWOOD, PHILIP AU - STEIN, GILBERT AU - SCHNEIDER, MICHAEL L. AU - HERSCHLAG, JACK AU - SHAH, RAJIV AU - RADELET, STEVEN AU - DeROSA, FRANK AU - HARE-MUSTIN, RACHEL AU - ROONEY, CURTIS T1 - LETTERS. JO - New York Times JF - New York Times Y1 - 2013/09/10/ VL - 162 IS - 56255 M3 - Letter SP - A18 EP - A18 SN - 03624331 AB - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the articles in previous issues including "Pulling the Curtain Back on Syria," by Nicholas D. Kristof in the September 8, 2013 issue, "How a Cabal Keeps Generics Scarce," by Margaret Clapp, Michael A. Rie, and Phillip L. Zweig in the September 3, 2013 issue, and "Golden Rice: Lifesaver?," in the August 25, 2013 issue. KW - GENERIC drugs KW - SCARCITY KW - RICE -- Varieties KW - GENETIC engineering KW - SYRIA -- Politics & government N1 - Accession Number: 90143728; BARR, CYNTHIA M. BLACKWOOD, PHILIP STEIN, GILBERT SCHNEIDER, MICHAEL L. HERSCHLAG, JACK SHAH, RAJIV 1 RADELET, STEVEN 2 DeROSA, FRANK 3 HARE-MUSTIN, RACHEL ROONEY, CURTIS 4; Affiliation: 1: Administrator, United States Agency for International Development, Washington 2: Professor, Practice of Develoment at Georgetown 3: Principal, DeRosa Advisers 4: President Healthcare Supply Chain Association Washington; Source Info: 9/10/2013, Vol. 162 Issue 56255, pA18; Subject Term: GENERIC drugs; Subject Term: SCARCITY; Subject Term: RICE -- Varieties; Subject Term: GENETIC engineering; Subject Term: SYRIA -- Politics & government; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111160 Rice Farming; Number of Pages: 2/5p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90143728&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103993048 T1 - Food hygiene and sanitation in infants and young children: a paediatric food-based dietary guideline. AU - Bourne, L. T. AU - Pilime, N. AU - Sambo, M. AU - Behr, A. Y1 - 2013/09/02/2013 Supplement N1 - Accession Number: 103993048. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140902. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; systematic review; tables/charts. Supplement Title: 2013 Supplement. Journal Subset: Africa; Biomedical. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice; Nutrition; Pediatric Care. KW - Dietary Reference Intakes -- In Infancy and Childhood -- South Africa KW - Sanitation KW - Food Safety KW - Child Health KW - Hygiene KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- Prevention and Control -- In Infancy and Childhood KW - Health Promotion KW - Child, Preschool KW - South Africa KW - Infant KW - Handwashing KW - Dietary Supplementation KW - Diarrhea KW - PubMed KW - Cochrane Library KW - Systematic Review KW - Human KW - Disease Transmission KW - Water Supply KW - Vitamin A KW - Zinc KW - Infant Feeding KW - Breast Feeding KW - Food Labeling KW - HIV-Infected Patients KW - Health Education SP - S156 EP - 64 JO - South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition JF - South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition JA - S AFR J CLIN NUTR VL - 26 IS - 3 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd SN - 1607-0658 AD - Senior Research Specialist, Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council AD - Nutrition Advisor, United States Agency for International Development AD - Research Intern, Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council AD - Deputy Director: Nutrition, National Department of Health UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103993048&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104216554 T1 - Trends in risk behaviors among female sex workers in south India: Priorities for sustaining the reversal of HIV epidemic. AU - Charles, Bimal AU - Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan AU - Edwin Sam, Asirvatham AU - Kumar Pandian, Arvind AU - Thenmozhi, Mani AU - Jeyaseelan, Visalakshi Y1 - 2013/09// N1 - Accession Number: 104216554. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130902. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology. Grant Information: The study received support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).. NLM UID: 8915313. KW - HIV Infections -- Psychosocial Factors KW - Risk Taking Behavior -- Trends KW - Prostitution -- Psychosocial Factors KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology -- India KW - India KW - Human KW - Female KW - Questionnaires KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Unsafe Sex KW - Structured Interview KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Chi Square Test KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Cross Sectional Studies KW - Odds Ratio KW - Funding Source SP - 1129 EP - 1137 JO - AIDS Care JF - AIDS Care JA - AIDS CARE VL - 25 IS - 9 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge AB - HIV epidemic in India is predominantly concentrated in subgroups of population, such as female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients, whose behavior exposes them to a higher risk of acquiring HIV infection. This paper aims to present the changing patterns of socio-demographic characteristics, behaviors, reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and associated factors among FSWs over 11 years. Multistage cluster sampling with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) method was used in the surveys. A sample of 400 FSWs was studied every year. The mean age and literacy at the baseline level increased significantly over the years. House-based sex increased by 40% from 43.3% in 1997 to 83% in 2008 (p<0.001). Condom use at last sex with one-time clients; consistent condom use (CCU) with one-time and regular clients indicated increasing trends. FSWs reported low levels of condom use at last sex (14.5% in 1997 to 5% in 2008;p<0.001) and CCU (12.6% in 2004 to 3.6% in 2008;p<0.01) with regular partners. FSWs who used condom with one-time clients at last sex reported significantly less STI symptoms. A two-third reduction in genital ulcers was found from 13.1% in 1997 to 4.5% in 2008 (p<0.001). Nonliterate and hotel-based sex workers were 1.6 (1.0–2.5; 95% CI) and 2.2(1.3–3.7; 95% CI) times more likely to have reported STI symptoms. The percentage of FSWs who underwent HIV testing increased (p<0.001); similarly, a 20% increase was found in FSWs who availed counseling services from 65.2% in 1997 to 85.4% in 2008 (p<0.001). Poor, illiterate, and marginalized were more likely to get involved in risky behaviors which suggest the need for structural interventions as part of HIV prevention strategy. SN - 0954-0121 AD - AIDS Prevention and Control Project, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India AD - Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India AD - United States Agency for International Development, New Delhi, India U2 - PMID: 23320501. DO - 10.1080/09540121.2012.752562 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104216554&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - STACK, KATHLEEN AU - SEBSTAD, JENNEFER T1 - Crossfire: 'Building financial capabilities should be product-linked and not focused on personal money management'. JO - Enterprise Development & Microfinance JF - Enterprise Development & Microfinance Y1 - 2013/09// VL - 24 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 184 EP - 190 PB - Practical Action Publishing SN - 17551978 AB - The article presents a debate on whether a product-linked approach is the best way to deliver financial education. According to one author, in the product-linked approach, financial institutions teach financial education in relation to a particular product offering. The other author argues about the merits of linking financial education to products. KW - FINANCE KW - FINANCIAL services industry KW - BANKING industry KW - FINANCIAL institutions KW - STUDY & teaching KW - DEBATES & debating N1 - Accession Number: 91706705; STACK, KATHLEEN 1; Email Address: kstack@freedomfromhunger.org; SEBSTAD, JENNEFER 2; Email Address: jsebstad@usaid.gov; Affiliations: 1: Vice President, Program Development for Freedom from Hunger; 2: Senior Technical Analyst, United States Agency for International Development; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p184; Thesaurus Term: FINANCE; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL services industry; Thesaurus Term: BANKING industry; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL institutions; Subject Term: STUDY & teaching; Subject Term: DEBATES & debating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522120 Savings Institutions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522190 Other Depository Credit Intermediation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522110 Commercial Banking; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522111 Personal and commercial banking industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522291 Consumer Lending; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.3362/1755-1986.2013.018 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=91706705&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polis, Chelsea B AU - Curtis, Kathryn M T1 - Use of hormonal contraceptives and HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2013/09// VL - 13 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 797 EP - 808 SN - 14733099 AB - Summary: Whether or not the use of hormonal contraception affects risk of HIV acquisition is an important question for public health. We did a systematic review, searching PubMed and Embase, aiming to explore the possibility of an association between various forms of hormonal contraception and risk of HIV acquisition. We identified 20 relevant prospective studies, eight of which met our minimum quality criteria. Of these eight, all reported findings for progestin-only injectables, and seven also reported findings for oral contraceptive pills. Most of the studies that assessed the use of oral contraceptive pills showed no significant association with HIV acquisition. None of the three studies that assessed the use of injectable norethisterone enanthate showed a significant association with HIV acquisition. Studies that assessed the use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or non-specified injectable contraceptives had heterogeneous methods and mixed results, with some investigators noting a 1·5–2·2 times increased risk of HIV acquisition, and others reporting no association. Thus, some, but not all, observational data raise concern about a potential association between use of DMPA and risk of HIV acquisition. More definitive evidence for the existence and size of any potential effect could inform appropriate counselling and policy responses in countries with varied profiles of HIV risk, maternal mortality, and access to contraceptive services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Lancet Infectious Diseases is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONTRACEPTIVE drugs KW - DRUG utilization KW - CLINICAL epidemiology KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - WOMEN -- Diseases KW - HIV infections -- Risk factors KW - PUBLIC health N1 - Accession Number: 89885816; Polis, Chelsea B 1; Email Address: cpolis@usaid.gov Curtis, Kathryn M 2; Affiliation: 1: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 2: Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p797; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTIVE drugs; Subject Term: DRUG utilization; Subject Term: CLINICAL epidemiology; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: WOMEN -- Diseases; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Risk factors; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70155-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89885816&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104215730 T1 - Use of hormonal contraceptives and HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. AU - Polis, Chelsea B AU - Curtis, Kathryn M Y1 - 2013/09// N1 - Accession Number: 104215730. Language: English. Entry Date: 20131115. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; systematic review. Commentary: McConnell John. Editor's note. (LANCET INFECT DIS) Mar2014; 14 (3): 182-182. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice. NLM UID: 101130150. KW - Contraception -- Methods KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- Administration and Dosage KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Amines -- Administration and Dosage KW - Birth Rate KW - Contraception -- Adverse Effects KW - Embase KW - Female KW - Female Condoms -- Utilization KW - Human KW - Maternal Mortality KW - Pregnancy KW - PubMed KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Resource Databases KW - Risk Factors KW - Steroids KW - Steroids -- Administration and Dosage KW - Systematic Review SP - 797 EP - 808 JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases JA - LANCET INFECT DIS VL - 13 IS - 9 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science SN - 1473-3099 AD - Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: cpolis@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 23871397. DO - 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70155-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104215730&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stanton, Mary Ellen T1 - Julia Hussein, Affette McCaw-Binns, and Roger Webber, editors: Maternal and Perinatal Health in Developing Countries. JO - Studies in Family Planning JF - Studies in Family Planning Y1 - 2013/09// VL - 44 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 367 EP - 368 SN - 00393665 AB - The article reviews the book "Maternal and Perinatal Health in Developing Countries" edited by Julia Hussein, Affette McCaw-Binns, and Roger Webber. KW - MATERNAL health services KW - NONFICTION KW - WEBBER, Roger KW - HUSSEIN, Julia KW - MCCAW-Binns, Affette KW - MATERNAL & Perinatal Health in Developing Countries (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 90081721; Stanton, Mary Ellen 1; Affiliation: 1: Senior Maternal Health Advisor, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p367; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: MATERNAL & Perinatal Health in Developing Countries (Book); People: WEBBER, Roger; People: HUSSEIN, Julia; People: MCCAW-Binns, Affette; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00364.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90081721&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-32019-005 AN - 2013-32019-005 AU - Heckert, Jessica AU - Fabic, Madeleine Short T1 - Improving data concerning women's empowerment in sub‐Saharan Africa. JF - Studies in Family Planning JO - Studies in Family Planning JA - Stud Fam Plann Y1 - 2013/09// VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 319 EP - 344 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 0039-3665 SN - 1728-4465 AD - Heckert, Jessica, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 315 Health and Human Development East, University Park, PA, US, 16802 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-32019-005. PMID: 24006076 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Heckert, Jessica; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, US. Other Publishers: Blackwell Publishing. Release Date: 20140407. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Data Collection; Empowerment; Human Females; Surveys. Minor Descriptor: Demographic Characteristics; Economic Development; Health Care Services; Knowledge Level. Classification: Sex Roles & Women's Issues (2970); Research Methods & Experimental Design (2260). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Ghana; Mozambique; Senegal; Uganda. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Tests & Measures: Demographic and Health Survey. Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 26. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 2013. Copyright Statement: The Population Council, Inc. 2013. AB - This study assesses the utility of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) questions regarding women's empowerment in the context of sub‐Saharan Africa. We examine the use of, and need for improvements to, women's empowerment data in Ghana, Mozambique, Senegal, and Uganda. Drawing on interviews conducted among gender and health experts and on context‐specific literature, our findings reveal that although DHS data are widely used, data needs remain in five areas: economic empowerment, knowledge of legal rights and recourse, participation in decision-making, attitudes and social norms, and adolescent girls. We recommend that Demographic and Health Surveys be modified—for example, through adding specific survey items—to fulfill some but not all of these emerging women's empowerment data needs. We also suggest that other surveys fill known gaps and that data users carefully consider the meaning and relative weight of the women's empowerment items according to the cultural context in which the data are collected. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - womens empowerment KW - sub Saharan Africa KW - Demographic & Health Survey KW - economic empowerment KW - knowledge KW - legal rights KW - 2013 KW - Data Collection KW - Empowerment KW - Human Females KW - Surveys KW - Demographic Characteristics KW - Economic Development KW - Health Care Services KW - Knowledge Level KW - 2013 DO - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00360.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-32019-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - heckert.jessica@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-30172-003 AN - 2013-30172-003 AU - Rao, Neeta AU - Jeyaseelan, L. AU - Joy, Anna AU - Kumar, V. Sampath AU - Thenmozhi, M AU - Acharya, Smriti T1 - Factors associated with high-risk behaviour among migrants in the state of Maharashtra, India. JF - Journal of Biosocial Science JO - Journal of Biosocial Science JA - J Biosoc Sci Y1 - 2013/09// VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 627 EP - 641 CY - United Kingdom PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 0021-9320 SN - 1469-7599 AD - Jeyaseelan, L. N1 - Accession Number: 2013-30172-003. PMID: 23458913 Other Journal Title: Eugenics Review. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Rao, Neeta; Avert Society, Mumbai, India. Release Date: 20131104. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: At Risk Populations; Epidemics; HIV. Minor Descriptor: Condoms; Human Migration; Infectious Disorders; Risk Taking. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: India. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 15. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 2013. Publication History: First Posted Date: Mar 4, 2013. Copyright Statement: Cambridge University Press. 2013. AB - Studies among migrants show that they are more susceptible to HIV infection than the general population and thereby spread the epidemic from high prevalence to low prevalence areas. It is therefore critical to enhance the body of knowledge on factors associated with condom use among migrants. This study, conducted in 2009 in the State of Maharashtra, covers 4595 single in-migrants aged 15-49 years and aims at understanding the factors associated with non-use of condoms consistently. Information was collected using a Structured Interview Schedule covering demographic, socioeconomic profile, sexual history, knowledge, behaviour and stigma and discrimination indicators. Logistic regression analysis was used to understand the association between unprotected sex and various socio-demographic and environmental factors. The models were rim using the Enter method. The goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed using Hosmer and Lemeshow chi-squared statistics. A significant association is observed between sex with sex workers and older migrants (> 24 years), the literate, those who are mobile, unmarried, employed in the textile, quarry and construction industries, who often consume alcohol and who watch pornographic films. The factors associated with unprotected sex are age between 30 and 34 years and no literacy. Migrants who are mobile and consume alcohol show a significant association with unprotected sex. The findings suggest a need for a comprehensive HIV prevention programme including strategies to address the stressful work conditions. The prevention programmes should focus not only on skills for safer sex practices, but also on alcohol use reduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - risk factors KW - migrants behavior KW - HIV infection KW - general population KW - epidemics KW - condoms KW - 2013 KW - At Risk Populations KW - Epidemics KW - HIV KW - Condoms KW - Human Migration KW - Infectious Disorders KW - Risk Taking KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: Avert Society. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Maharashtra State AIDS Control Society (MSACS). Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Mumbai District AIDS Control Society (MDACS), India. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: National AIDS Control Organization (NACO). Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1017/S0021932013000047 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30172-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ljey@cmcvellore.ac.in DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-31041-009 AN - 2013-31041-009 AU - Charles, Bimal AU - Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan AU - Sam, Asirvatham Edwin AU - Pandian, Arvind Kumar AU - Thenmozhi, Mani AU - Jeyaseelan, Visalakshi T1 - Trends in risk behaviors among female sex workers in south India: Priorities for sustaining the reversal of HIV epidemic. JF - AIDS Care JO - AIDS Care JA - AIDS Care Y1 - 2013/09// VL - 25 IS - 9 SP - 1129 EP - 1137 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 0954-0121 SN - 1360-0451 AD - Sam, Asirvatham Edwin N1 - Accession Number: 2013-31041-009. PMID: 23320501 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Charles, Bimal; AIDS Prevention and Control Project, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India. Release Date: 20131209. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: HIV; Prostitution; Sexual Risk Taking. Minor Descriptor: AIDS Prevention. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: India. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Tests & Measures: Behavioral Surveillance Surveys. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 9. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 2013. Publication History: Revised Date: Nov 20, 2012; First Submitted Date: Feb 15, 2012. Copyright Statement: US Government. 2013. AB - HIV epidemic in India is predominantly concentrated in subgroups of population, such as female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients, whose behavior exposes them to a higher risk of acquiring HIV infection. This paper aims to present the changing patterns of socio-demographic characteristics, behaviors, reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and associated factors among FSWs over 11 years. Multistage cluster sampling with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) method was used in the surveys. A sample of 400 FSWs was studied every year. The mean age and literacy at the baseline level increased significantly over the years. House-based sex increased by 40% from 43.3% in 1997 to 83% in 2008 (p < 0.001). Condom use at last sex with one-time clients; consistent condom use (CCU) with one-time and regular clients indicated increasing trends. FSWs reported low levels of condom use at last sex (14.5% in 1997 to 5% in 2008; p < 0.001) and CCU (12.6% in 2004 to 3.6% in 2008; p < 0.01) with regular partners. FSWs who used condom with one-time clients at last sex reported significantly less STI symptoms. A two-third reduction in genital ulcers was found from 13.1% in 1997 to 4.5% in 2008 (p < 0.001). Nonliterate and hotel-based sex workers were 1.6 (1.0–2.5; 95% CI) and 2.2(1.3–3.7; 95% CI) times more likely to have reported STI symptoms. The percentage of FSWs who underwent HIV testing increased (p < 0.001); similarly, a 20% increase was found in FSWs who availed counseling services from 65.2% in 1997 to 85.4% in 2008 (p < 0.001). Poor, illiterate, and marginalized were more likely to get involved in risky behaviors which suggest the need for structural interventions as part of HIV prevention strategy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - trends KW - sexual risk behaviors KW - female sex workers KW - HIV epidemic KW - 2013 KW - HIV KW - Prostitution KW - Sexual Risk Taking KW - AIDS Prevention KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Other Details: AIDS Prevention and Control Project (APAC). Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1080/09540121.2012.752562 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-31041-009&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - aedwinsam@yahoo.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Landry, Evelyn AU - Frajzyngier, Vera AU - Ruminjo, Joseph AU - Asiimwe, Frank AU - Barry, Thierno Hamidou AU - Bello, Abubakar AU - Danladi, Dantani AU - Ganda, Sanda Oumarou AU - Idris, Sa'ad AU - Inoussa, Maman AU - Kanoma, Bashir AU - Lynch, Maura AU - Mussell, Felicity AU - Podder, Dulal Chandra AU - Wali, Abba AU - Mielke, Erin AU - Barone, Mark A. T1 - Profiles and experiences of women undergoing genital fistula repair: Findings from five countries. JO - Global Public Health JF - Global Public Health Y1 - 2013/08/07/ VL - 8 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 926 EP - 942 SN - 17441692 AB - This article presents data from 1354 women from five countries who participated in a prospective cohort study conducted between 2007 and 2010. Women undergoing surgery for fistula repair were interviewed at the time of admission, discharge, and at a 3-month follow-up visit. While women's experiences differed across countries, a similar picture emerges across countries: women married young, most were married at the time of admission, had little education, and for many, the fistula occurred after the first pregnancy. Median age at the time of fistula occurrence was 20.0 years (interquartile range 17.3–26.8). Half of the women attended some antenatal care (ANC); among those who attended ANC, less than 50% recalled being told about signs of pregnancy complications. At follow-up, most women (even those who were not dry) reported improvements in many aspects of social life, however, reported improvements varied by repair outcome. Prevention and treatment programmes need to recognise the supportive role that husbands, partners, and families play as women prepare for safe delivery. Effective treatment and support programmes are needed for women who remain incontinent after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Global Public Health is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - VAGINAL fistula KW - FEMALE reproductive organs -- Diseases KW - INTERPERSONAL relations KW - INTERVIEWING KW - LONGITUDINAL method KW - PRENATAL care KW - QUALITY of life KW - QUESTIONNAIRES KW - RESEARCH -- Finance KW - SOCIAL participation KW - JUDGMENT sampling KW - DATA analysis KW - SECONDARY analysis KW - DATA analysis -- Software KW - DESCRIPTIVE statistics KW - PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects KW - DEVELOPING countries KW - developing countries KW - genital fistula KW - patient characteristics KW - quality of life KW - socio-cultural factors N1 - Accession Number: 90430307; Landry, Evelyn 1 Frajzyngier, Vera 1,2 Ruminjo, Joseph 1 Asiimwe, Frank 3 Barry, Thierno Hamidou 4 Bello, Abubakar 5 Danladi, Dantani 6 Ganda, Sanda Oumarou 7 Idris, Sa'ad 8 Inoussa, Maman 9 Kanoma, Bashir 8 Lynch, Maura 10 Mussell, Felicity 11 Podder, Dulal Chandra 12 Wali, Abba 5 Mielke, Erin 13 Barone, Mark A. 1; Affiliation: 1: EngenderHealth, New York, NY, USA 2: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 3: Kagando Mission Hospital, Kagando, Kasese District, Uganda 4: Prefectoral Hospital of Kissidougou, Kissidougou, Guinea 5: Maryam Abacha VVF Centre and Women & Children Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria 6: Specialist Fistula Centre Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria 7: Lamordé Hospital, Niamey, Niger 8: Faridat Yakubu Hospital, Zamfara State, Nigeria 9: Maradi Hospital, Maradi, Niger 10: Kitovu Mission Hospital, Masaka, Uganda 11: LAMB Hospital, Parbatipur, Bangladesh 12: Kumudini Hospital, Narayanganj, Bangladesh 13: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 8 Issue 8, p926; Subject Term: VAGINAL fistula; Subject Term: FEMALE reproductive organs -- Diseases; Subject Term: INTERPERSONAL relations; Subject Term: INTERVIEWING; Subject Term: LONGITUDINAL method; Subject Term: PRENATAL care; Subject Term: QUALITY of life; Subject Term: QUESTIONNAIRES; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: SOCIAL participation; Subject Term: JUDGMENT sampling; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: SECONDARY analysis; Subject Term: DATA analysis -- Software; Subject Term: DESCRIPTIVE statistics; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: developing countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: genital fistula; Author-Supplied Keyword: patient characteristics; Author-Supplied Keyword: quality of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: socio-cultural factors; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/17441692.2013.824018 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90430307&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104229870 T1 - Profiles and experiences of women undergoing genital fistula repair: Findings from five countries. AU - Landry, Evelyn AU - Frajzyngier, Vera AU - Ruminjo, Joseph AU - Asiimwe, Frank AU - Barry, Thierno Hamidou AU - Bello, Abubakar AU - Danladi, Dantani AU - Ganda, Sanda Oumarou AU - Idris, Sa'ad AU - Inoussa, Maman AU - Kanoma, Bashir AU - Lynch, Maura AU - Mussell, Felicity AU - Podder, Dulal Chandra AU - Wali, Abba AU - Mielke, Erin AU - Barone, Mark A. Y1 - 2013/08/07/ N1 - Accession Number: 104229870. Language: English. Entry Date: 20131007. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Europe; Public Health; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Public Health. Grant Information: The study was funded by USAID, under associate cooperative agreement GHS-A-00-07-00021-00.. NLM UID: 101256323. KW - Genital Diseases, Female -- Epidemiology -- Developing Countries KW - Vaginal Fistula -- Psychosocial Factors KW - Vaginal Fistula -- Surgery KW - Quality of Life KW - Human KW - Female KW - Prospective Studies KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Interviews KW - Adolescence KW - Young Adult KW - Adult KW - Developing Countries KW - Secondary Analysis KW - Purposive Sample KW - Questionnaires KW - McNemar's Test KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Prenatal Care KW - Social Participation KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Funding Source SP - 926 EP - 942 JO - Global Public Health JF - Global Public Health JA - GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 8 IS - 8 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge SN - 1744-1692 AD - EngenderHealth, New York, NY, USA AD - EngenderHealth, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA AD - Kagando Mission Hospital, Kagando, Kasese District, Uganda AD - Prefectoral Hospital of Kissidougou, Kissidougou, Guinea AD - Maryam Abacha VVF Centre and Women & Children Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria AD - Specialist Fistula Centre Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria AD - Lamordé Hospital, Niamey, Niger AD - Faridat Yakubu Hospital, Zamfara State, Nigeria AD - Maradi Hospital, Maradi, Niger AD - Kitovu Mission Hospital, Masaka, Uganda AD - LAMB Hospital, Parbatipur, Bangladesh AD - Kumudini Hospital, Narayanganj, Bangladesh AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA U2 - PMID: 23947903. DO - 10.1080/17441692.2013.824018 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104229870&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yoojoung Choi AU - Ametepi, Paul T1 - Comparison of medicine availability measurements at health facilities: evidence from Service Provision Assessment surveys in five sub-Saharan African countries. JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research Y1 - 2013/08// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 266 EP - 273 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14726963 AB - Background: With growing emphasis on health systems strengthening in global health, various health facility assessment methods have been used increasingly to measure medicine and commodity availability. However, few studies have systematically compared estimates of availability based on different definitions. The objective of this study was to compare estimates of medicine availability based on different definitions. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Service Provision Assessment (SPA) – a nationally representative sample survey of health facilities – conducted in five countries: Kenya SPA 2010, Namibia SPA 2009, Rwanda SPA 2007, Tanzania SPA 2006, and Uganda SPA 2007. For 32 medicines, percent of facilities having the medicine were estimated using five definitions: four for current availability and one for six-month period availability. ‘Observed availability of at least one valid unit’ was used as a reference definition, and ratios between the reference and each of the other four estimates were calculated. Summary statistics of the ratios among the 32 medicines were calculated by country. The ratios were compared further between public and non-public facilities within each country. Results: Across five countries, compared to current observed availability of at least one valid unit, ‘reported availability without observation’ was on average 6% higher (ranging from 3% in Rwanda to 8% in Namibia), ‘observed availability where all units were valid’ was 11% lower (ranging from 2% in Tanzania to 19% in Uganda), and ‘six-month period availability’ was 14% lower (ranging from 5% in Namibia to 25% in Uganda). Conclusions: Medicine availability estimates vary substantially across definitions, and need to be interpreted with careful consideration of the methods used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Health Services Research is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH facilities KW - MEDICAL care KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - COMMUNITY health aides KW - MEDICAL centers KW - Health facility assessment KW - Health systems KW - Medicine availability KW - Survey methodology N1 - Accession Number: 89707742; Yoojoung Choi 1; Email Address: ychoi@usaid.gov Ametepi, Paul 2; Affiliation: 1: Office of Population & Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20004, USA 2: MEASURE DHS, ICF International, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p266; Subject Term: HEALTH facilities; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health aides; Subject Term: MEDICAL centers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health facility assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine availability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey methodology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621491 HMO Medical Centers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1472-6963-13-266 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89707742&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104202117 T1 - Health literacy: Exploring future directions and potential contributions from health psychology. AU - Estacio, Emee Vida AU - Comings, John Y1 - 2013/08// N1 - Accession Number: 104202117. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130808. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology. NLM UID: 9703616. KW - Information Literacy KW - Health Promotion KW - Psychology KW - Health KW - Consumer Participation KW - Health Literacy KW - Health Psychology KW - Empowerment SP - 997 EP - 1003 JO - Journal of Health Psychology JF - Journal of Health Psychology JA - J HEALTH PSYCHOL VL - 18 IS - 8 PB - Sage Publications, Ltd. SN - 1359-1053 AD - Keele University, UK AD - United States Agency for International Development, USA U2 - PMID: 23479304. DO - 10.1177/1359105313476978 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104202117&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Suthar, Amitabh B. AU - Ford, Nathan AU - Bachanas, Pamela J. AU - Wong, Vincent J. AU - Rajan, Jay S. AU - Saltzman, Alex K. AU - Ajose, Olawale AU - Fakoya, Ade O. AU - Granich, Reuben M. AU - Negussie, Eyerusalem K. AU - Baggaley, Rachel C. T1 - Towards Universal Voluntary HIV Testing and Counselling: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Community-Based Approaches. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2013/08// VL - 10 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - : In a systematic review and meta-analysis, Amitabh Suthar and colleagues describe the evidence base for different HIV testing and counseling services provided outside of health facilities. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy KW - META-analysis KW - COUNSELING KW - Diagnostic medicine KW - Drugs and devices KW - Epidemiology KW - Global health KW - Health care policy KW - Health screening KW - HIV KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine KW - Non-clinical medicine KW - Public health KW - Research Article KW - Screening guidelines KW - Test evaluation KW - Viral diseases KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 90070012; Suthar, Amitabh B. 1; Email Address: amitabh.suthar@gmail.com Ford, Nathan 1 Bachanas, Pamela J. 2 Wong, Vincent J. 3 Rajan, Jay S. 4 Saltzman, Alex K. 5 Ajose, Olawale 6 Fakoya, Ade O. 7 Granich, Reuben M. 8 Negussie, Eyerusalem K. 1 Baggaley, Rachel C. 1; Affiliation: 1: 1 Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 2: 2 Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America 3: 3 Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 4: 4 School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America 5: 5 School of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America 6: 6 Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 7: 7 The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland 8: 8 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 10 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; Subject Term: META-analysis; Subject Term: COUNSELING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drugs and devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health care policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health screening; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-clinical medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Screening guidelines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Test evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 8 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001496 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90070012&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-27153-001 AN - 2013-27153-001 AU - Estacio, Emee Vida AU - Comings, John T1 - Health literacy: Exploring future directions and potential contributions from health psychology. JF - Journal of Health Psychology JO - Journal of Health Psychology JA - J Health Psychol Y1 - 2013/08// VL - 18 IS - 8 SP - 997 EP - 1003 CY - US PB - Sage Publications SN - 1359-1053 SN - 1461-7277 AD - Estacio, Emee Vida, School of Psychology, Keele University, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Keele, STS, United Kingdom, ST5 5BG N1 - Accession Number: 2013-27153-001. PMID: 23479304 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Estacio, Emee Vida; Keele University, Keele, STS, United Kingdom. Release Date: 20131118. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Health Care Services; Health Care Psychology; Health Literacy. Minor Descriptor: Empowerment. Classification: Health Psychology & Medicine (3360). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 7. Issue Publication Date: Aug, 2013. Copyright Statement: The Author(s). 2013. AB - Health psychology has the potential to contribute meaningfully to our understanding of the concept, processes, and outcomes of health literacy. Three areas for discussion are presented here: (1) health literacy as a multimodal concept; (2) the role of the health-care system, the professional, and tools of the trade; and (3) the relevance of social context, participation, and empowerment. The three levels of health literacy proposed by Nutbeam are mapped onto the four evolving approaches in health psychology proposed by Marks to explore the synergy between these research areas. It is hoped that this Special Section on Health Literacy will generate more discussion and activity among health psychologists into health literacy research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - health literacy KW - health psychology KW - health care system KW - empowerment KW - 2013 KW - Health Care Services KW - Health Care Psychology KW - Health Literacy KW - Empowerment KW - 2013 DO - 10.1177/1359105313476978 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-27153-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - e.v.g.estacio@keele.ac.uk DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Byrne, Karri Goeldner AU - March, Julie AU - McGuire, Shawn AU - Meissner, Laura AU - Sperling, Louise T1 - The role of evidence in humanitarian assessment: the Seed System Security Assessment and the Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis. JO - Disasters JF - Disasters Y1 - 2013/07/02/Jul2013 Supplement VL - 37 M3 - Article SP - S83 EP - S104 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 03613666 AB - This paper reviews advances in the development and use of two evidence-based assessment toolkits: the Seed System Security Assessment (SSSA) and the Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA). Both were created in the past five years and have been employed in a range of acute and chronic stress contexts across Africa, Asia, and parts of the Americas, in periods of civil strife, displacement, and drought, as well as following earthquakes, flooding, and political instability. The aims of this paper are threefold: to review advances with regard to each tool; to compare how each toolkit gathers and uses evidence, while considering possibilities for greater complementarity; and to reflect on the nature of 'evidence' used to guide humanitarian response in sudden-onset and chronic crisis situations. A comparison highlights the importance of triangulation and informed analysis for drawing conclusions from imperfect evidence, understanding the limitations of each assessment methodology, and confronting tacit assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Disasters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Seeds KW - Market mapping KW - Haiti Earthquake, Haiti, 2010 KW - Marketing research KW - Value chains KW - Humanitarian assistance KW - assessment KW - emergency KW - evidence KW - Haiti earthquake KW - markets KW - seed security KW - seed systems KW - toolkits KW - value chains N1 - Accession Number: 88105874; Byrne, Karri Goeldner 1; March, Julie 2; McGuire, Shawn 3; Meissner, Laura 4; Sperling, Louise 5; Affiliations: 1: Chief of Party - PRIME Project at Mercy Corps, Ethiopia; 2: Agriculture and Food Security Advisor at the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, United States Agency for International Development, United States; 3: Senior Lecturer at the School of International Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; 4: Economic Recovery Advisor at the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, United States Agency for International Development, United States; 5: Consultant at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, United States.; Issue Info: Jul2013 Supplement, Vol. 37, pS83; Thesaurus Term: Seeds; Subject Term: Market mapping; Subject Term: Haiti Earthquake, Haiti, 2010; Subject Term: Marketing research; Subject Term: Value chains; Subject Term: Humanitarian assistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: emergency; Author-Supplied Keyword: evidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haiti earthquake; Author-Supplied Keyword: markets; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed security; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: toolkits; Author-Supplied Keyword: value chains; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424910 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418320 Seed merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411190 Other farm product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/disa.12014 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=88105874&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104182617 T1 - Participation in research involving novel sampling and study designs to identify acute HIV-1 infection among minority men who have sex with men. AU - Rodriguez, Kristina AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Mah, Timothy L. AU - Cook, Stephanie H. AU - Auguiste, Lex M. AU - Halkitis, Perry N. AU - Markowitz, Marty Y1 - 2013/07// N1 - Accession Number: 104182617. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130624. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology; Public Health. NLM UID: 8915313. KW - Research Subject Recruitment KW - HIV Infections -- Diagnosis KW - Minority Groups KW - GLBT Persons KW - Human KW - Focus Groups KW - Male KW - Adult KW - Open-Ended Questionnaires KW - Audiorecording KW - Thematic Analysis KW - Middle Age KW - Exploratory Research SP - 828 EP - 834 JO - AIDS Care JF - AIDS Care JA - AIDS CARE VL - 25 IS - 7 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge AB - HIV-1 infection disproportionally affects African-American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). Their inclusion in biomedical and behavioral research is critical to understanding and addressing HIV vulnerability. Using focus groups, we sought to understand the perceptions related to participating in biomedical research of acute/recent HIV-1 infection (AHI) using complex sampling and data collection methods to reach this hidden group at highest risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. Given the potential impact of AHI on HIV transmission in MSM, it is important to understand this intersection for HIV prevention, care, and treatment purposes. The aim of this study was to understand how recruitment and data collection methods affect AHI research participation willingness particularly among MSM of color. Findings suggest that major barriers to research participation with complex sampling to identify AHI and intensive risk behavior collection such as diary methods are lack of anonymity, partner disclosure, and study fatigue. The authors explore implications for future study designs and development based on these findings. SN - 0954-0121 AD - The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA AD - Office of HIV / AIDS, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA AD - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA AD - School of Medicine, State University New York, Downstate, New York, USA AD - Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies and Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, USA U2 - PMID: 23305688. DO - 10.1080/09540121.2012.748164 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104182617&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sedegah, Martha AU - Kim, Yohan AU - Ganeshan, Harini AU - Huang, Jun AU - Belmonte, Maria AU - Abot, Esteban AU - Banania, Jo Glenna AU - Farooq, Fouzia AU - McGrath, Shannon AU - Peters, Bjoern AU - Sette, Alessandro AU - Soisson, Lorraine AU - Diggs, Carter AU - Doolan, Denise L AU - Tamminga, Cindy AU - Villasante, Eileen AU - Hollingdale, Michael R. AU - Richie, Thomas L. T1 - Identification of minimal human MHC-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes within the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP). JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2013/07// VL - 12 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate antigen, known to elicit protective antibody responses in humans (RTS,S vaccine). Recently, a DNA prime / adenovirus (Ad) vector boost vaccine encoding CSP and a second P. falciparum antigen, apical membrane antigen-1, also elicited sterile protection, but in this case associated with interferon gamma ELISpot and CD8+ T cell but not antibody responses. The finding that CSP delivered by an appropriate vaccine platform likely elicits protective cell-mediated immunity provided a rationale for identifying class I-restricted epitopes within this leading vaccine candidate antigen. Methods: Limited samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from clinical trials of the Ad vaccine were used to identify CD8+ T cell epitopes within pools of overlapping 15mer peptides spanning portions of CSP that stimulated recall responses. Computerized algorithms (NetMHC) predicted 17 minimal class I-restricted 9-10mer epitopes within fifteen 15mers positive in ELISpot assay using PBMC from 10 HLA-matched study subjects. Four additional epitopes were subsequently predicted using NetMHC, matched to other study subjects without initial 15mer ELISpot screening. Nine of the putative epitopes were synthesized and tested by ELISpot assay, and six of these nine were further tested for CD8+ T cell responses by ELISpot CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depletion and flow cytometry assays for evidence of CD8+ T cell dependence. Results: Each of the nine putative epitopes, all sequence-conserved, recalled responses from HLA-matched CSP-immunized research subjects. Four shorter sequences contained within these sequences were identified using NetMHC predictions and may have contributed to recall responses. Five (9-10mer) epitopes were confirmed to be targets of CD8+ T cell responses using ELISpot depletion and ICS assays. Two 9mers among these nine epitopes were each restricted by two HLA supertypes (A01/B07; A01A24/A24) and one 9mer was restricted by three HLA supertypes (A01A24/A24/B27) indicating that some CSP class I-restricted epitopes, like DR epitopes, may be HLA-promiscuous. Conclusions: This study identified nine and confirmed five novel class I epitopes restricted by six HLA supertypes, suggesting that an adenovirus-vectored CSP vaccine would be immunogenic and potentially protective in genetically diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - T cells KW - PLASMODIUM falciparum KW - CD8 antigen KW - CIRCUMSPOROZOITE protein KW - CELL surface antigens KW - Circumsporozoite protein KW - Class I restriction KW - ELISpot KW - Epitope mapping KW - Flow cytometry KW - Localization KW - Malaria KW - NetMHC KW - Vaccine N1 - Accession Number: 88854317; Sedegah, Martha 1; Email Address: martha.sedegah@med.navy.mil Kim, Yohan 2 Ganeshan, Harini 1 Huang, Jun 1 Belmonte, Maria 1 Abot, Esteban 1 Banania, Jo Glenna 1 Farooq, Fouzia 1 McGrath, Shannon 1 Peters, Bjoern 2 Sette, Alessandro 2 Soisson, Lorraine 3 Diggs, Carter 3 Doolan, Denise L 4 Tamminga, Cindy 1 Villasante, Eileen 1 Hollingdale, Michael R. 1 Richie, Thomas L. 1; Affiliation: 1: US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA 2: La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA 3: USAID, Washington, DC, USA 4: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: T cells; Subject Term: PLASMODIUM falciparum; Subject Term: CD8 antigen; Subject Term: CIRCUMSPOROZOITE protein; Subject Term: CELL surface antigens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circumsporozoite protein; Author-Supplied Keyword: Class I restriction; Author-Supplied Keyword: ELISpot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epitope mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow cytometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Localization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: NetMHC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccine; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-12-185 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88854317&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Battiston, Diego AU - Cruces, Guillermo AU - Lopez-Calva, Luis AU - Lugo, Maria AU - Santos, Maria T1 - Income and Beyond: Multidimensional Poverty in Six Latin American Countries. JO - Social Indicators Research JF - Social Indicators Research Y1 - 2013/07// VL - 112 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 291 EP - 314 SN - 03038300 AB - This paper studies multidimensional poverty for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay for the period 1992-2006. The approach overcomes the limitations of the two traditional methods of poverty analysis in Latin America (income-based and unmet basic needs) by combining income with five other dimensions: school attendance for children, education of the household head, sanitation, water and shelter. The results allow a fuller understanding of the evolution of poverty in the selected countries. Over the study period, El Salvador, Brazil, Mexico and Chile experienced significant reductions in multidimensional poverty. In contrast, in urban Uruguay there was a small reduction in multidimensional poverty, while in urban Argentina the estimates did not change significantly. El Salvador, Brazil and Mexico, and rural areas of Chile display significantly higher and more simultaneous deprivations than urban areas of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. In all countries, deprivation in access to proper sanitation and education of the household head are the highest contributors to overall multidimensional poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Social Indicators Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POVERTY KW - MULTIDIMENSIONAL scaling KW - POVERTY rate KW - SCHOOL attendance -- Research KW - BASIC needs KW - RURAL poor KW - LATIN America KW - SOCIAL aspects KW - Counting approach KW - Latin America KW - Multidimensional poverty measurement KW - Rural and urban areas KW - Unsatisfied basic needs N1 - Accession Number: 87336091; Battiston, Diego Cruces, Guillermo Lopez-Calva, Luis 1 Lugo, Maria Santos, Maria; Email Address: maria.santos@qeh.ox.ac.uk; Affiliation: 1: Regional Bureau for Latin America and The Caribbean, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), New York USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p291; Subject Term: POVERTY; Subject Term: MULTIDIMENSIONAL scaling; Subject Term: POVERTY rate; Subject Term: SCHOOL attendance -- Research; Subject Term: BASIC needs; Subject Term: RURAL poor; Subject Term: LATIN America; Subject Term: SOCIAL aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Counting approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Latin America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multidimensional poverty measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rural and urban areas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsatisfied basic needs; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s11205-013-0249-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87336091&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-22524-005 AN - 2013-22524-005 AU - Rodriguez, Kristina AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Mah, Timothy L. AU - Cook, Stephanie H. AU - Auguiste, Lex M. AU - Halkitis, Perry N. AU - Markowitz, Marty T1 - Participation in research involving novel sampling and study designs to identify acute HIV-1 infection among minority men who have sex with men. JF - AIDS Care JO - AIDS Care JA - AIDS Care Y1 - 2013/07// VL - 25 IS - 7 SP - 828 EP - 834 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 0954-0121 SN - 1360-0451 AD - Castor, Delivette N1 - Accession Number: 2013-22524-005. PMID: 23305688 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Rodriguez, Kristina; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, NY, US. Release Date: 20131028. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Data Collection; HIV; Risk Factors; Sampling (Experimental); Same Sex Intercourse. Minor Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Experimentation; Medical Sciences; Participation. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291); Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Male (30). Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340). Methodology: Empirical Study; Longitudinal Study; Prospective Study; Interview; Focus Group; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 7. Issue Publication Date: Jul, 2013. Publication History: Revised Date: Oct 22, 2012; First Submitted Date: Feb 13, 2012. Copyright Statement: Taylor & Francis. 2013. AB - HIV-1 infection disproportionally affects African-American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). Their inclusion in biomedical and behavioral research is critical to understanding and addressing HIV vulnerability. Using focus groups, we sought to understand the perceptions related to participating in biomedical research of acute/recent HIV-1 infection (AHI) using complex sampling and data collection methods to reach this hidden group at highest risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. Given the potential impact of AHI on HIV transmission in MSM, it is important to understand this intersection for HIV prevention, care, and treatment purposes. The aim of this study was to understand how recruitment and data collection methods affect AHI research participation willingness particularly among MSM of color. Findings suggest that major barriers to research participation with complex sampling to identify AHI and intensive risk behavior collection such as diary methods are lack of anonymity, partner disclosure, and study fatigue. The authors explore implications for future study designs and development based on these findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - acute HIV-1 infection KW - men who have sex with men KW - biomedical research KW - risk factors KW - HIV prevention KW - data collection KW - research participation KW - sampling KW - 2013 KW - Data Collection KW - HIV KW - Risk Factors KW - Sampling (Experimental) KW - Same Sex Intercourse KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Experimentation KW - Medical Sciences KW - Participation KW - 2013 DO - 10.1080/09540121.2012.748164 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-22524-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - dcastor@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-22776-005 AN - 2013-22776-005 AU - Justman, Jessica AU - Goldberg, Allison AU - Reed, Jason AU - Bock, Naomi AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Thomas, Anne Goldzier T1 - Adult male circumcision: Reflections on successes and challenges. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2013/07/01/ VL - 63 IS - Suppl 2 SP - S140 EP - S143 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Justman, Jessica, ICAP-Columbia, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1315, New York, NY, US, 10032 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-22776-005. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Justman, Jessica; ICAP-Columbia, Columbia University, New York, NY, US. Release Date: 20140310. Correction Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Circumcision; HIV; Intervention. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Male (30). References Available: Y. Page Count: 4. Issue Publication Date: Jul 1, 2013. Copyright Statement: Unauthorized reproduction of this articale is prohibited. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013. AB - Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a cost-effective HIV-prevention intervention that reduces the risk of HIV acquisition in men by 60%. Although some countries are successfully scaling up VMMC, not all are doing this. When VMMC scale-up experiences are viewed in the context of models for the diffusion of innovation, some important themes emerge. Successful VMMC programs have in common locally led campaigns, a cultural tolerance of VMMC, strong political leadership and coordination, and adequate human and material resources. Challenges with VMMC scale-up have been marked by less flexible implementation models that seek a full-integration of VMMC services at public medical facilities and by struggles to achieve geographic parity in access to care. Innovation diffusion models, especially the endogenous technology model, and multiple levels of influence on diffusion—individual males and their sex partners, communities, and health systems—remind us that the adoption of a prevention intervention, such as VMMC, is expected to start out slowly and, as information spreads, gradually speed up. In addition, the diffusion models suggest that customizing approaches to different populations is likely to accelerate VMMC scale-up and help achieve a long-term, sustainable impact on the HIV epidemic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - adult male circumcision KW - HIV prevention intervention KW - 2013 KW - Circumcision KW - HIV KW - Intervention KW - 2013 DO - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31829875cc UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-22776-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jj2158@columbia.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lawlor, Kathleen AU - Madeira, Erin Myers AU - Blockhus, Jill AU - Ganz, David J. T1 - Community Participation and Benefits in REDD+: A Review of Initial Outcomes and Lessons. JO - Forests (19994907) JF - Forests (19994907) Y1 - 2013/06// VL - 4 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 296 EP - 318 PB - MDPI Publishing SN - 19994907 AB - The advent of initiatives to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation and enhance forest carbon stocks (REDD+) in developing countries has raised much concern regarding impacts on local communities. To inform this debate, we analyze the initial outcomes of those REDD+ projects that systematically report on their socio-economic dimensions. To categorize and compare projects, we develop a participation and benefits framework that considers REDD+'s effects on local populations' opportunities (jobs, income), security (of tenure and ecosystem services), and empowerment (participation in land use and development decisions). We find material benefits, in terms of jobs and income, to be, thus far, modest. On the other hand, we find that many projects are helping populations gain tenure rights. A majority of projects are obtaining local populations' free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). However, for those projects interacting with multiple populations, extent of participation and effects on forest access are often uneven. Our participation and benefits framework can be a useful tool for identifying the multi-faceted socio-economic impacts of REDD+, which are realized under different timescales. The framework and initial trends reported here can be used to build hypotheses for future REDD+ impact evaluations and contribute to evolving theories of incentive-based environmental policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Forests (19994907) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Land tenure KW - Payments for ecosystem services KW - Deforestation KW - Climate change mitigation KW - Environmental policy KW - Social impact KW - Economic mobility KW - climate change mitigation KW - deforestation KW - payments for ecosystem services KW - REDD+ KW - social impacts KW - tenure N1 - Accession Number: 89439983; Lawlor, Kathleen 1; Email Address: klawlor@email.unc.edu; Madeira, Erin Myers 2; Email Address: emadeira@tnc.org; Blockhus, Jill 2; Email Address: jblockhus@tnc.org; Ganz, David J. 3; Email Address: dganz@field.winrock.org; Affiliations: 1: Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, P.O. Box 3435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; 2: Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA; 3: Lowering Emissions in Asia's Forests, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Liberty Square, Suite 2002, 287 Silom Road Bang Rak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand; Issue Info: Jun2013, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p296; Thesaurus Term: Land tenure; Thesaurus Term: Payments for ecosystem services; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Thesaurus Term: Climate change mitigation; Thesaurus Term: Environmental policy; Subject Term: Social impact; Subject Term: Economic mobility; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: deforestation; Author-Supplied Keyword: payments for ecosystem services; Author-Supplied Keyword: REDD+; Author-Supplied Keyword: social impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: tenure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531190 Lessors of Other Real Estate Property; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.3390/f4020296 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89439983&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nicholson, Michael W. AU - Lane, Sarah C. AD - USAID, Monrovia AD - USAID, Washington, DC T1 - The Next Step in African Development: Aid, Investment, or Another Round of Debt? JO - International Journal of Economics and Finance JF - International Journal of Economics and Finance Y1 - 2013/06// VL - 5 IS - 6 SP - 104 EP - 121 SN - 1916971X N1 - Accession Number: 1380755; Keywords: Aid; Debt; Development; External Debt; Foreign Investment; World Bank; Geographic Descriptors: Sub-Saharan Africa; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201307 N2 - Amidst intense debt relief, and alongside dramatically improved governance, investment and growth increased substantially across Africa during the past decade. This paper interprets the timing of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, launched by the IMF and World Bank in the late 1990s, as a natural experiment to see whether these positive trends were specific to Africa, or specific to HIPC countries, as well as whether debt relief itself manifests deeper structural shifts in economic governance. As many HIPC countries are presently raising their external public debt levels, we question whether these loans would be a "good kind of debt" that leads to investment and development or the beginning of a new debt cycle potentially leading to another round of debt relief programs. Data on external debt and capital development for 46 countries of sub-Saharan Africa and six other HIPC countries outside of Africa is used to evaluate structural breaks and parameter stability in a longitudinal panel analysis. Incorporating an identification strategy that isolates the debt relief initiatives from endogenous improvements to economic governance, we find that they had a statistically significant impact on foreign investment flows to Africa. The data suggests that even alongside new escalating debt levels, investment will likely be the next step in African development. KW - International Lending and Debt Problems F34 KW - Foreign Aid F35 KW - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O11 KW - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance O16 KW - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O19 L3 - http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijef/issue/archive UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1380755&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijef/issue/archive DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Turissini, Matthew L. AU - Nyandiko, Winstone M. AU - Ayaya, Samuel O. AU - Marete, Irene AU - Mwangi, Ann AU - Chemboi, Victor AU - Warui, Lucy AU - Vreeman, Rachel C. T1 - The Prevalence of Disclosure of HIV Status to HIV-Infected Children in Western Kenya. JO - Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society JF - Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Y1 - 2013/06// VL - 2 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 136 EP - 143 SN - 20487193 AB - Background As antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows the world's 2.3 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected children to grow and thrive, these children need to be informed of their HIV status. Neither the prevalence of disclosure to children nor its impact has been evaluated in most resource-limited settings. Methods We conducted a prospective assessment of a random sample of HIV-infected children ages 6–14 years enrolled in HIV care at a large referral clinic in Eldoret, Kenya. Clinicians administered questionnaires to children and caregivers independently at routine clinic visits to assess disclosure status, ART adherence, stigma, and depression. Children's demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from chart review. We calculated descriptive statistics and performed logistic regression to assess the association between disclosure and other characteristics. Results Two hundred seventy children–caregiver dyads completed questionnaires. The mean child age was 9.3 years (standard deviation 2.6); 49% were male, and 42% were orphans. 11.1% of children had been informed of their HIV status (N = 30). Of those under 10 years, 3.3% knew their status, whereas 9.2% of 10- to 12-year-olds and 39.5% of 13- to 14-year-olds knew they had HIV. Only age was significantly associated with disclosure status in both bivariate analyses (P < .0001) and multiple logistic regression (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.36–2.05) when considering social demographics, disease stage variables, adherence, stigma measures, and depression. Conclusions Rates of informing children in western Kenya of their HIV status are low, even among older children. Guiding families through developmentally appropriate disclosure processes should be a key facet of long-term pediatric HIV management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - HIV infections KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - JUVENILE diseases KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases KW - MENTAL depression KW - LOGISTIC regression analysis KW - Africa KW - Disclosure KW - HIV KW - Pediatrics N1 - Accession Number: 87826927; Turissini, Matthew L. 1,2 Nyandiko, Winstone M. 2,3 Ayaya, Samuel O. 2,3 Marete, Irene 2,3 Mwangi, Ann 2,3 Chemboi, Victor 2 Warui, Lucy 2 Vreeman, Rachel C. 1,2; Affiliation: 1: Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 2: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership 3: Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p136; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: JUVENILE diseases; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases; Subject Term: MENTAL depression; Subject Term: LOGISTIC regression analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disclosure; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pediatrics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87826927&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levine, Sebastian AU - Roberts, Benjamin T1 - Robust Estimates of Changes in Poverty and Inequality in Post-Independence Namibia. JO - South African Journal of Economics JF - South African Journal of Economics Y1 - 2013/06// VL - 81 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 167 EP - 191 SN - 18136982 AB - We estimate changes in the distribution of household consumption expenditure in Namibia since independence in 1990 and the effects on poverty. To produce comparability between two household surveys, we use survey-matching techniques, and we apply the framework of stochastic dominance to test the robustness of our results. The results reveal a significant decrease in the poverty headcount over the period and small but insignificant decreases in the country's extremely high levels of inequality. Decomposition analysis shows that poverty reduction in Namibia is largely driven by growth in mean incomes rather than redistribution. Even so, there have been important changes in inequality among different social groups especially as educational attainment has replaced ethnicity as the main determinant of between-group inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of South African Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ESTIMATION theory KW - POVERTY KW - CONSUMPTION (Economics) KW - ECONOMIC development KW - ROBUST control KW - EQUALITY KW - SOCIAL groups KW - NAMIBIA KW - D31 KW - I32 KW - inequality KW - Namibia KW - O55 Sub- Saharan Africa KW - poverty N1 - Accession Number: 87918965; Levine, Sebastian 1; Roberts, Benjamin 2; Affiliations: 1: UNDP, Regional Bureau for Africa; 2: Democracy Governance and Service Delivery (DASD) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council; Issue Info: Jun2013, Vol. 81 Issue 2, p167; Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: POVERTY; Thesaurus Term: CONSUMPTION (Economics); Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC development; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: EQUALITY; Subject Term: SOCIAL groups; Subject: NAMIBIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: D31; Author-Supplied Keyword: I32; Author-Supplied Keyword: inequality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Namibia; Author-Supplied Keyword: O55 Sub- Saharan Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: poverty; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1813-6982.2012.01335.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=87918965&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-19313-005 AN - 2013-19313-005 AU - Fabic, Madeleine Short AU - Choi, Yoonjoung T1 - Assessing the quality of data regarding use of the lactational amenorrhea method. JF - Studies in Family Planning JO - Studies in Family Planning JA - Stud Fam Plann Y1 - 2013/06// VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 205 EP - 221 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 0039-3665 SN - 1728-4465 AD - Choi, Yoonjoung, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, US, 20004 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-19313-005. PMID: 23720003 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Fabic, Madeleine Short; Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Other Publishers: Blackwell Publishing. Release Date: 20140331. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Amenorrhea; Contraceptive Devices; Family Planning; Health Behavior. Minor Descriptor: Data Processing; Lactation. Classification: Childrearing & Child Care (2956). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Albania; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Benin; Burundi; Burkina Faso; Bolivia; Cambodia; Chad; Colombia; Cameroon; Dominican Republic; Ethiopia; Ghana; Gabon; Guinea; Guyana; Honduras; Haiti; Indonesia; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Lesotho; Madagascar; Mali; Morocco; Malawi; Mozambique; Niger; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Peru; Philippines; Republic of Congo; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Swaziland; East Timor; Turkey; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 17. Issue Publication Date: Jun, 2013. Copyright Statement: The Population Council, Inc. 2013. AB - This study assesses the quality of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data regarding self-reported current use of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM). LAM is an important modern contraceptive method that, when practiced correctly, has a 98 percent effectiveness rate six-months postpartum. The objectives of this study are to examine the accuracy of self-reported LAM use, compared with the constructed correct-practice variable, and to explore differentials in accuracy measures by characteristics at the individual and survey level by analyzing data from 73 DHSs conducted in 45 countries between 1998 and 2011. Findings reveal that only 26 percent of reported LAM users meet the criteria for correct LAM practice. We discuss the implications for future DHS data collection and for family planning and maternal and child health programming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - quality of data KW - lactational amenorrhea KW - contraceptive methods KW - family planning KW - child health KW - 2013 KW - Amenorrhea KW - Contraceptive Devices KW - Family Planning KW - Health Behavior KW - Data Processing KW - Lactation KW - 2013 DO - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00353.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-19313-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ychoi@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-20612-009 AN - 2013-20612-009 AU - Nyandiko, Winstone AU - Vreeman, Rachel AU - Liu, Hai AU - Shangani, Sylvia AU - Sang, Edwin AU - Ayaya, Samuel AU - Braitstein, Paula T1 - Nonadherence to clinic appointments among HIV-infected children in an ambulatory care program in Western Kenya. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2013/06/01/ VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - e49 EP - e55 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Nyandiko, Winstone, PO Box 2582 or 4606, Eldoret, Kenya, 30100 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-20612-009. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Nyandiko, Winstone; Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya. Release Date: 20131202. Correction Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: HIV; Outpatient Treatment; Pediatrics; Treatment Compliance. Minor Descriptor: Clinics. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291); Outpatient Services (3371). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40); Outpatient (60). Location: Kenya. Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100); Preschool Age (2-5 yrs) (160); School Age (6-12 yrs) (180). Methodology: Empirical Study; Longitudinal Study; Retrospective Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 7. Issue Publication Date: Jun 1, 2013. Publication History: Accepted Date: Feb 18, 2013; First Submitted Date: Oct 14, 2012. Copyright Statement: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013. AB - Background: Nonadherence to clinic appointments is associated with poor outcomes in HIV-infected adults. We describe the effect of cumulative clinic adherence (CCA) to clinic appointments on mortality and loss to follow-up (LTFU) among HIV-infected children in Kenya. Methods: We analyzed retrospective clinical data from HIV-infected children in the United States Agency for International Development–Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership in Kenya between 2001 and 2009. We defined CCA as the proportion of days adherent to clinic visits after enrollment. We examined the effects of CCA on both death and LTFU, controlling for demographic and clinical factors at enrollment and over time. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying coefficients were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) associated with each 10% increase in CCA on mortality and LTFU. Results: Among 3255 HIV-infected children, 1668 (51.2%) were male, median enrollment age of 5.2 years (interquartile range: 3.6– 7.4). Of 2393 children with CD4 within 3 months after enrollment, 1125 (47.0%) were severely immune suppressed, 567 became LTFU, and 88 died. Children with higher CCA had a higher risk of both mortality and LTFU at 3 and 6 months. Higher CCA became protective at 24 months for mortality, AHR at 24 months: 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 0.9), and at 12 months for LTFU, AHR at 24 months: 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.7 to 0.7). Conclusions: Children adherence to clinic visits during the first 6 months of HIV care was associated with a higher risk of death and LTFU, but by 24 months, children with better CCA had a reduced risk of LTFU and mortality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - nonadherence KW - clinic appointments KW - HIV infected children KW - ambulatory care programs KW - 2013 KW - HIV KW - Outpatient Treatment KW - Pediatrics KW - Treatment Compliance KW - Clinics KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Grant: 623-A-00-08-00003-00. Other Details: United States Agency for International Development–Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828e1e2c UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-20612-009&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - nyandikom@yahoo.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-18261-041 AN - 2013-18261-041 AU - Souza, João Paulo AU - Gülmezoglu, Ahmet Metin AU - Vogel, Joshua AU - Carroli, Guillermo AU - Lumbiganon, Pisake AU - Qureshi, Zahida AU - Costa, Maria José AU - Fawole, Bukola AU - Mugerwa, Yvonne AU - Nafiou, Idi AU - Neves, Isilda AU - Wolomby-Molondo, Jean-José AU - Bang, Hoang Thi AU - Cheang, Kannitha AU - Chuyun, Kang AU - Jayaratne, Kapila AU - Jayathilaka, Chandani Anoma AU - Mazhar, Syeda Batool AU - Mori, Rintaro AU - Mustafa, Mir Lais AU - Pathak, Laxmi Raj AU - Perera, Deepthi AU - Rathavy, Tung AU - Recidoro, Zenaida AU - Roy, Malabika AU - Ruyan, Pang AU - Shrestha, Naveen AU - Taneepanichsku, Surasak AU - Tien, Nguyen Viet AU - Ganchimeg, Togoobaatar AU - Wehbe, Mira AU - Yadamsuren, Buyanjargal AU - Yan, Wang AU - Yunis, Khalid AU - Bataglia, Vicente AU - Cecatti, José Guilherme AU - Hernandez-Prado, Bernardo AU - Nardin, Juan Manuel AU - Narváez, Alberto AU - Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo AU - Pérez-Cuevas, Ricardo AU - Valladares, Eliette AU - Zavaleta, Nelly AU - Armson, Anthony AU - Crowther, Caroline AU - Hogue, Carol AU - Lindmark, Gunilla AU - Mittal, Suneeta AU - Pattinson, Robert AU - Stanton, Mary Ellen AU - Campodonico, Liana AU - Cuesta, Cristina AU - Giordano, Daniel AU - Intarut, Nirun AU - Laopaiboon, Malinee AU - Bahl, Rajiv AU - Martines, Jose AU - Mathai, Matthews AU - Merialdi, Mario AU - Say, Lale T1 - Moving beyond essential interventions for reduction of maternal mortality (the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health): A cross-sectional study. JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2013/05/18/ VL - 381 IS - 9879 SP - 1747 EP - 1755 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Souza, João Paulo, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, WHO, Word Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Geneva, Switzerland, 1211 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-18261-041. PMID: 23683641 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Souza, João Paulo; UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, WHO, Word Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Geneva, Switzerland. Release Date: 20130909. Correction Date: 20150413. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Birth; Mortality Rate; Pregnancy; Morbidity. Classification: Childrearing & Child Care (2956). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340). Tests & Measures: Maternal Severity Index. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 9. Issue Publication Date: May 18, 2013. Copyright Statement: Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. World Health Organization. 2013. AB - Background: We report the main findings of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health (WHOMCS), which aimed to assess the burden of complications related to pregnancy, the coverage of key maternal health interventions, and use of the maternal severity index (MSI) in a global network of health facilities. Methods: In our cross-sectional study, we included women attending health facilities in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East that dealt with at least 1000 childbirths per year and had the capacity to provide caesarean section. We obtained data from analysis of hospital records for all women giving birth and all women who had a severe maternal outcome (SMO; ie, maternal death or maternal near miss). We regarded coverage of key maternal health interventions as the proportion of the target population who received an indicated intervention (eg, the proportion of women with eclampsia who received magnesium sulphate). We used areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROC) with 95% CI to externally validate a previously reported MSI as an indicator of severity. We assessed the overall performance of care (ie, the ability to produce a positive effect on health outcomes) through standardised mortality ratios. Results: From May 1, 2010, to Dec 31, 2011, we included 314 623 women attending 357 health facilities in 29 countries (2538 had a maternal near miss and 486 maternal deaths occurred). The mean period of data collection in each health facility was 89 days (SD 21). 23 015 (7·3%) women had potentially life-threatening disorders and 3024 (1·0%) developed an SMO. 808 (26·7%) women with an SMO had post-partum haemorrhage and 784 (25·9%) had preeclampsia or eclampsia. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and coagulation dysfunctions were the most frequent organ dysfunctions in women who had an SMO. Reported mortality in countries with a high or very high maternal mortality ratio was two-to-three-times higher than that expected for the assessed severity despite a high coverage of essential interventions. The MSI had good accuracy for maternal death prediction in women with markers of organ dysfunction (AUROC 0·826 [95% CI 0·802–0·851]). Interpretation: High coverage of essential interventions did not imply reduced maternal mortality in the health-care facilities we studied. If substantial reductions in maternal mortality are to be achieved, universal coverage of lifesaving interventions need to be matched with comprehensive emergency care and overall improvements in the quality of maternal health care. The MSI could be used to assess the performance of health facilities providing care to women with complications related to pregnancy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - mortality rate KW - childbirth KW - pregnancy KW - morbidity KW - 2013 KW - Birth KW - Mortality Rate KW - Pregnancy KW - Morbidity KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: UNDP–UNFPA–UNICEF–WHO–World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP). Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: World Health Organization. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Gynuity Health Projects. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60686-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-18261-041&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ORCID: 0000-0002-3141-210X UR - UR - souzaj@who.int DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 108013407 T1 - Set the Pace: Nutrition Education DVD for Head Start Parents. AU - Adedze, Pascasie AU - Orr, Robin A. AU - Chapman-Novakofski, Karen AU - Donovan, Sharon M. Y1 - 2013/05//May/Jun2013 N1 - Accession Number: 108013407. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130513. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Canada; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Health Promotion/Education; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Nutrition; Pediatric Care. Grant Information: Funded by the University of Illinois Extension Service.. NLM UID: 101132622. KW - Food Services -- In Infancy and Childhood KW - Nutrition Education -- Methods KW - Parents -- Education KW - Digital Versatile Disc -- Utilization KW - Human KW - Child KW - Child Nutrition KW - Child Health KW - Child, Preschool KW - Focus Groups KW - Illinois KW - Audiorecording KW - Qualitative Studies KW - Content Analysis KW - Parental Attitudes -- Evaluation KW - Attitude to Obesity -- Evaluation KW - Teaching Materials KW - Obesity -- Prevention and Control KW - Seminars and Workshops KW - Male KW - Female KW - Young Adult KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Coefficient Alpha KW - Questionnaires KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Attitude to Change KW - Funding Source SP - 279 EP - 281 JO - Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior JF - Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior JA - J NUTR EDUC BEHAV VL - 45 IS - 3 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science SN - 1499-4046 AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC AD - University of Illinois Extension Service, Urbana, IL AD - University of Illinois Extension Service, Urbana, IL; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL AD - Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL U2 - PMID: 23266304. DO - 10.1016/j.jneb.2012.09.011 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=108013407&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garley, Ashley E. AU - Ivanovich, Elizabeth AU - Eckert, Erin AU - Negroustoueva, Svetlana AU - Yazoume Ye T1 - Gender differences in the use of insecticide- treated nets after a universal free distribution campaign in Kano State, Nigeria: post-campaign survey results. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2013/05// VL - 12 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: Recent expansion in insecticide-treated net (ITN) distribution strategies range from targeting pregnant women and children under five and distributing ITN at antenatal care and immunization programmes, to providing free distribution campaigns to cover an entire population. These changes in strategy raise issues of disparities, such as equity of access and equality in ITN use among different groups, including females and males. Analysis is needed to assess the effects of gender on uptake of key malaria control interventions. A recent post- universal free ITN distribution campaign survey in Kano State, Nigeria offered an opportunity to look at gender effects on ITN use. Methods: A post-campaign survey was conducted three to five months after the campaign in Kano State, Nigeria from 19 October to 4 November, 2009, on a random sample of 4,602 individuals. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire adapted from the Malaria Indicator Survey. Using binary logistic regression, controlling for several covariates, the authors assessed gender effects on ITN use among individuals living in households with at least one ITN. Results: The survey showed that household ITN ownership increased more than 10-fold, from 6% before to 71% after the campaign. There was no significant difference between the proportion of females and males living in households with at least one ITN. However, a higher percentage of females used ITNs compared to males (57.2% vs 48.8%). After controlling for several covariates, females remained more likely to use ITNs compared to males (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-1.7). Adolescent boys remained the least likely group to use an ITN. Conclusions: This study reveals gender disparity in ITN use, with males less likely to use ITNs particularly among ages 15-25 years. The uptake of the intervention among the most at-risk group (females) is higher than males, which may be reflective of earlier strategies for malaria interventions. Further research is needed to identify whether gender disparities in ITN use are related to traditional targeting of pregnant women and children with malaria interventions; however, results provide evidence to design gender-sensitive messaging for universal ITN distribution campaigns to ensure that males benefit equally from such communications and activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - RESEARCH KW - GENDER differences (Sociology) KW - INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets KW - HEALTH behavior KW - LOGISTIC regression analysis KW - KANO (Nigeria) KW - NIGERIA KW - Free distribution campaign KW - Gender KW - Health disparities KW - Insecticide-treated net KW - Kano State KW - Long-lasting insecticidal net KW - Net use KW - Nigeria KW - Survey KW - Universal coverage N1 - Accession Number: 87470265; Garley, Ashley E. 1; Email Address: Ashley.Garley@icfi.com Ivanovich, Elizabeth 1 Eckert, Erin 2 Negroustoueva, Svetlana 3 Yazoume Ye 1; Affiliation: 1: ICF International, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, USA 2: US President's Malaria Initiative/USAID, Washington, DC, USA 3: Independent Consultant, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 12 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GENDER differences (Sociology); Subject Term: INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets; Subject Term: HEALTH behavior; Subject Term: LOGISTIC regression analysis; Subject Term: KANO (Nigeria); Subject Term: NIGERIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Free distribution campaign; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gender; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health disparities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insecticide-treated net; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kano State; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-lasting insecticidal net; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net use; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nigeria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey; Author-Supplied Keyword: Universal coverage; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-12-119 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87470265&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaaya, Sylvia AU - Eustache, Eddy AU - Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana AU - Musisi, Seggane AU - Psaros, Christina AU - Wissow, Lawrence T1 - Grand Challenges: Improving HIV Treatment Outcomes by Integrating Interventions for Co-Morbid Mental Illness JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2013/05// VL - 10 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - In the fourth article of a five-part series providing a global perspective on integrating mental health, Sylvia Kaaya and colleagues discuss the importance of integrating mental health interventions into HIV prevention and treatment platforms. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MENTAL health KW - MENTAL illness -- Treatment KW - PSYCHIATRY KW - MENTALLY ill -- Care KW - KIDNAPPING victims -- Psychology KW - Global health KW - HIV KW - HIV clinical manifestations KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine KW - Mental health KW - Policy Forum KW - Psychiatry KW - Public health KW - Substance abuse KW - Viral diseases KW - Women's health N1 - Accession Number: 88367238; Kaaya, Sylvia 1; Email Address: skaaya@gmail.com Eustache, Eddy 2 Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana 3 Musisi, Seggane 4 Psaros, Christina 5 Wissow, Lawrence 6; Affiliation: 1: 1 School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2: 2 Zanmi Lasante/Partners In Health, Central Plateau, Haiti 3: 3 United States Agency for International Development, Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington D.C., United States of America 4: 4 School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda 5: 5 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 6: 6 Center for Mental Health in Pediatric Primary Care, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: MENTAL health; Subject Term: MENTAL illness -- Treatment; Subject Term: PSYCHIATRY; Subject Term: MENTALLY ill -- Care; Subject Term: KIDNAPPING victims -- Psychology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV clinical manifestations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mental health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policy Forum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Psychiatry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substance abuse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Women's health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621330 Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001447 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88367238&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nelson, Andrew J. AU - Zolnik, Edmund J. T1 - Regional Effects of Trade on Income. JO - Regional Studies JF - Regional Studies Y1 - 2013/05// VL - 47 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 740 EP - 755 PB - Routledge SN - 00343404 AB - NelsonA. J. and ZolnikE. J. Regional effects of trade on income,Regional Studies. Estimating the effects of trade on growth solely from an international perspective runs the risk of ignoring underlying spatial patterns in interregional trade. In this study, spatial variation in international trade patterns is explored by using both a cross-section and a panel of data that include region-specific estimates of the effect of trade on income. Results suggest that the effects of trade on income vary significantly by region. Overall, the robustness of geographic variables to explain the effects of trade on income improves greatly when the focus of analysis shifts from international trade to interregional trade. NelsonA. J. and ZolnikE. J. 贸易对收入的区域性影响,区域研究。单纯从国际视角来估计贸易对于增长的影响可能会忽略区域间贸易潜在的空间模式。使用跨部门以及贸易对收入区域性影响预估的数据,本研究对国际贸易的空间差异进行了探讨。研究结果表明,贸易对于收入的影响存在较大的区域差异。总体而言,当分析重心从国际贸易转向区域间贸易时,地理差异更能解释贸易之于收入的影响。 区域间贸易 重力模型 区域效应 NelsonA. J. et ZolnikE. J. Les effets régionaux des échanges commerciaux sur le revenu,Regional Studies. N'évaluer les effets de la croissance que d'un point de vue international court le risque de ne pas tenir compte de la structure géographique sous-jacente des échanges commerciaux interrégionaux. A partir à la fois des enquêtes transversale et à échantillon permanent, y compris des estimations spécifiques à la region pour ce qui est de l'effet des échanges commerciaux sur le revenu, cette étude cherche à examiner la variation géographique de la structure du commerce international. Les résultats laissent supposer que les effets des échanges commerciaux sur le revenu varient sensiblement suivant la région. Dans l'ensemble, la robustesse des variables géographiques pour expliquer les effets des échanges commerciaux sur le revenu s'améliore nettement au moment où le point de mire de l'analyse se glisse du commerce international vers le commerce interrégional. Échanges commerciaux interrégionaux Modèle gravitationnel Effets régionaux NelsonA. J. et ZolnikE. J. Regionale Auswirkungen des Handels auf das Einkommen,Regional Studies. Wenn die Auswirkungen des Handels auf das Wachstum ausschließlich unter internationalen Gesichtspunkten geschätzt werden, besteht die Gefahr, dass die zugrundeliegenden räumlichen Muster des interregionalen Handels vernachlässigt werden. In dieser Studie werden die räumlichen Schwankungen bei den internationalen Handelsmustern mit Hilfe eines Querschnitts sowie eines Panels von Daten untersucht, die regionsspezifische Schätzungen der Auswirkung des Handels auf das Einkommen beinhalten. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass die Auswirkungen des Handels auf das Einkommen von Region zu Region stark variieren. Insgesamt verbessert sich die Robustheit der geografischen Variablen zur Erklärung der Auswirkungen des Handels auf das Einkommen erheblich, wenn sich der Schwerpunkt der Analyse vom internationalen auf den interregionalen Handel verlagert. Interregionaler Handel Schwerkraftmodell Regionale Auswirkungen NelsonA. J. y ZolnikE. J. Efectos regionales del comercio en los ingresos,Regional Studies. Si calculamos los efectos del comercio en cuanto al crecimiento solamente desde una perspectiva internacional, corremos el riesgo de ignorar los modelos espaciales subyacentes en el comercio interregional. En este estudio, analizamos la variación espacial en los modelos del comercio internacional utilizando una sección transversal y un panel de datos que incluyen las estimaciones específicas para las regiones del efecto del comercio en los ingresos. Los resultados indican que los efectos del comercio en los ingresos varían de modo significativo por regiones. En general, la solidez de las variables geográficas para explicar los efectos del comercio en los ingresos mejora en gran medida cuando el centro del análisis cambia del comercio internacional al comercio interregional. Comercio interregional Modelo de gravedad Efectos regionales [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNATIONAL trade KW - INCOME KW - RURAL development KW - INTERREGIONALISM KW - REGIONAL studies KW - CROSS-sectional method KW - PANEL analysis KW - F11 KW - F14 KW - Gravity model KW - Interregional trade KW - R11 KW - Regional effects N1 - Accession Number: 86998781; Nelson, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: nelson.aj75@gmail.com; Zolnik, Edmund J. 2; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20523, USA E-mail: anelson@usaid.gov; 2: School of Public Policy, George Mason University, 3351 Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA E-mail: ezolnik@gmu.edu; Issue Info: May2013, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p740; Thesaurus Term: INTERNATIONAL trade; Thesaurus Term: INCOME; Subject Term: RURAL development; Subject Term: INTERREGIONALISM; Subject Term: REGIONAL studies; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: PANEL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: F11; Author-Supplied Keyword: F14; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interregional trade; Author-Supplied Keyword: R11; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional effects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522293 International Trade Financing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 925120 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 2 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/00343404.2011.598501 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=86998781&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-14677-016 AN - 2013-14677-016 AU - Adedze, Pascasie AU - Orr, Robin A. AU - Chapman-Novakofski, Karen AU - Donovan, Sharon M. T1 - Set the Pace: Nutrition education DVD for Head Start Parents. JF - Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior JO - Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior JA - J Nutr Educ Behav Y1 - 2013/05//May-Jun, 2013 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 279 EP - 281 CY - Netherlands PB - Elsevier Science SN - 1499-4046 SN - 1878-2620 AD - Adedze, Pascasie, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-14677-016. PMID: 23266304 Other Journal Title: Journal of Nutrition Education. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Adedze, Pascasie; United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Other Publishers: BC Decker. Release Date: 20130715. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Health Education; Nutrition; Parent Training; Project Head Start; Readiness to Change. Minor Descriptor: Diets; Digital Video; Parents. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 3. Issue Publication Date: May-Jun, 2013. Copyright Statement: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2013. AB - This study presents an evaluation of the nutrition education DVD Set the Pace for Head Start parents. The authors showed the DVD to Head Start parents as part of an educational workshop, which was announced through fliers sent home with children. Parents participating in the educational workshop and DVD viewing did not participate in focus groups. Parents signed an informed consent form and completed questionnaires before and after watching the DVD. Before viewing the DVD, parents were asked about making meals at home. Although most strongly agreed or agreed that they had time to make meals, 25% reported being too tired to do so. Parents also reported providing fruits and vegetables at least once a day, however, about 73% agreed that they were expensive. After watching the DVD, parents completed the second questionnaire regarding their thoughts about the DVD and their readiness to change. Parents stated that they liked the DVD and would like to watch it again and agreed that they experienced the same barriers to providing healthy meals and to being physically active as demonstrated in the DVD. Most of the parents learned new information and preferred the DVD to printed brochures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - nutrition education KW - healthy meals KW - readiness to change KW - Head Start KW - parent training KW - 2013 KW - Health Education KW - Nutrition KW - Parent Training KW - Project Head Start KW - Readiness to Change KW - Diets KW - Digital Video KW - Parents KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: University of Illinois, Extension Service, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1016/j.jneb.2012.09.011 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-14677-016&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ORCID: 0000-0002-9785-4189 UR - UR - pascasie2@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cespedes, Michelle S. AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Ford, Susan L. AU - Lee, Doreen AU - Lou, Yu AU - Pakes, Gary E. AU - Aberg, Judith A. T1 - Steady-State Pharmacokinetics, Cord Blood Concentrations, and Safety of Ritonavir-Boosted Fosamprenavir in Pregnancy. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2013/04/15/ VL - 62 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 550 EP - 554 SN - 15254135 AB - Steady-state pharmacokinetics in pregnant women prescribed ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir (FPV) to prevent HIV transmission were assessed in the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum. Compared with postpartum, geometric mean amprenavir (APV, FPVs active metabolite) area under the plasma concentration-time curves were 35% lower in the second trimester and 25% lower in the third trimester. Maternal APV concentrations were 9- to 15-fold above the mean APV protein-adjusted 50% inhibitory concentration for wild-type HIV. Median ratio of cord blood/maternal APV levels was 0.27, and all infants were HIV negative. FPV/ritonavir during pregnancy was well tolerated and led to virologic suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - fosamprenavir KW - HIV KW - pharmacokinetics KW - pregnancy N1 - Accession Number: 111806412; Cespedes, Michelle S. 1 Castor, Delivette 1 Ford, Susan L. 1 Lee, Doreen 1 Lou, Yu 1 Pakes, Gary E. 1 Aberg, Judith A. 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; † Bellevue Hospital Center, South Manhattan Healthcare Network for New York City Health and Hospital Corporation, New York, NY; ‡ United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; § GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC; and ‖ Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Montifore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.; Source Info: 4/15/2013, Vol. 62 Issue 5, p550; Author-Supplied Keyword: fosamprenavir; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: pharmacokinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: pregnancy; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2928 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318285d918 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111806412&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Polis, CB; AU - Phillips, SJ; AU - Curtis, KM; T1 - Hormonal contraceptive use and female-to-male HIV transmission: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence CT - Hormonal contraceptive use and female-to-male HIV transmission: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence JO - AIDS JF - AIDS VL - 27 IS - Apr SP - 493 SN - 02699370 AD - Reprints: USAID GH PRH RTU, 1201 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004, USA cpolis@usaid.gov AD - United States Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC, USA N1 - Accession Number: 50-05844; Language: English; References: 83; Publication Type: Review; Human Indicator: Yes; Section Heading: Pharmacology; Drug Evaluations N2 - A systematic review assessing whether hormonal contraception alters the risk of HIV transmission from an HIV-positive woman to an HIV-negative male partner is presented. KW - Contraceptives, oral--contraception; KW - Contraceptives, injectable--contraception; KW - Drug utilization--evaluation; KW - Patients--women; KW - Patients--men; KW - Epidemiology--HIV infections; KW - Women--patients; KW - Men--patients; KW - HIV infections--epidemiology; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ipa&AN=50-05844&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ipa ER - TY - JOUR AU - Owen, Derek H. AU - Jenkins, David AU - Cancel, Aida AU - Carter, Eli AU - Dorflinger, Laneta AU - Spieler, Jeff AU - Steiner, Markus J. T1 - Development and implementation of a quality assurance program for a hormonal contraceptive implant JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2013/04// VL - 87 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 473 EP - 479 SN - 00107824 AB - Abstract: Background: The importance of the distribution of safe, effective and cost-effective pharmaceutical products in resource-constrained countries is the subject of increasing attention. FHI 360 has developed a program aimed at evaluating the quality of a contraceptive implant manufactured in China, while the product is being registered in an increasing number of countries and distributed by international procurement agencies. The program consists of (1) independent product testing; (2) ongoing evaluation of the manufacturing facility through audits and inspections; and (3) post-marketing surveillance. Study Design: This article focuses on the laboratory testing of the product. The various test methods were chosen from the following test method compendia, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), British Pharmacopeia (BP), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), or lot release tests mandated by Chinese regulatory requirements. Each manufactured lot is independently tested prior to its distribution to countries supported by this program. In addition, a more detailed annual testing program includes evaluation of the active ingredient (levonorgestrel), the final product and the packaging material. Results: Over the first 4 years of this 5-year project, all tested lots met the established quality criteria. Conclusions: The quality assurance program developed for this contraceptive implant has helped ensure that a safe product was being introduced into developing country family planning programs. This program provides a template for establishing quality assurance programs for other cost-effective pharmaceutical products that have not yet received stringent regulatory approval and are being distributed in resource-poor settings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ORAL contraceptives KW - LEVONORGESTREL KW - PHARMACEUTICAL technology KW - PACKAGING materials KW - FAMILY planning services KW - API KW - Contraceptive KW - Levonorgestrel KW - Quality assurance KW - Sino-implant (II) KW - INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization N1 - Accession Number: 86371592; Owen, Derek H. 1; Email Address: dowen@fhi360.org Jenkins, David 1 Cancel, Aida 1 Carter, Eli 1 Dorflinger, Laneta 1 Spieler, Jeff 2 Steiner, Markus J. 1; Affiliation: 1: FHI 360, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA 2: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC 20523-3600, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 87 Issue 4, p473; Subject Term: ORAL contraceptives; Subject Term: LEVONORGESTREL; Subject Term: PHARMACEUTICAL technology; Subject Term: PACKAGING materials; Subject Term: FAMILY planning services; Author-Supplied Keyword: API; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contraceptive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Levonorgestrel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality assurance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sino-implant (II); Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.07.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86371592&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaplan, Avril D. AU - Dominis, Sarah AU - Palen, John G. H. AU - Quain, Estelle E. T1 - Human resource governance: what does governance mean for the health workforce in low- and middle-income countries? JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health Y1 - 2013/04// VL - 11 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 12 SN - 14784491 AB - Background: Research on practical and effective governance of the health workforce is limited. This paper examines health system strengthening as it occurs in the intersection between the health workforce and governance by presenting a framework to examine health workforce issues related to eight governance principles: strategic vision, accountability, transparency, information, efficiency, equity/fairness, responsiveness and citizen voice and participation. Methods: This study builds off of a literature review that informed the development of a framework that describes linkages and assigns indicators between governance and the health workforce. A qualitative analysis of Health System Assessment (HSA) data, a rapid indicator-based methodology that determines the key strengths and weaknesses of a health system using a set of internationally recognized indicators, was completed to determine how 20 low- and middle-income countries are operationalizing health governance to improve health workforce performance. Results/discussion: The 20 countries assessed showed mixed progress in implementing the eight governance principles. Strengths highlighted include increasing the transparency of financial flows from sources to providers by implementing and institutionalizing the National Health Accounts methodology; increasing responsiveness to population health needs by training new cadres of health workers to address shortages and deliver care to remote and rural populations; having structures in place to register and provide licensure to medical professionals upon entry into the public sector; and implementing pilot programs that apply financial and non-financial incentives as a means to increase efficiency. Common weaknesses emerging in the HSAs include difficulties with developing, implementing and evaluating health workforce policies that outline a strategic vision for the health workforce; implementing continuous licensure and regulation systems to hold health workers accountable after they enter the workforce; and making use of health information systems to acquire data from providers and deliver it to policymakers. Conclusions: The breadth of challenges facing the health workforce requires strengthening health governance as well as human resource systems in order to effect change in the health system. Further research into the effectiveness of specific interventions that enhance the link between the health workforce and governance are warranted to determine approaches to strengthening the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Human Resources for Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PERSONNEL management KW - LABOR supply KW - QUALITATIVE research KW - LITERATURE reviews KW - MEDICAL informatics KW - CORPORATE governance KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - MIDDLE-income countries KW - Health governance KW - Health system strengthening KW - Health workforce KW - Human resource management KW - Human resources for health N1 - Accession Number: 86923279; Kaplan, Avril D. 1 Dominis, Sarah 1 Palen, John G. H. 1; Email Address: john_palen@abtassoc.com Quain, Estelle E. 2; Affiliation: 1: Abt Associates Inc, 4550 Montgomery Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA 2: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, RRB 5.10.74, Washington DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PERSONNEL management; Subject Term: LABOR supply; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE research; Subject Term: LITERATURE reviews; Subject Term: MEDICAL informatics; Subject Term: CORPORATE governance; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: MIDDLE-income countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health governance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health system strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health workforce; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human resource management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human resources for health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561320 Temporary Help Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923130 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541612 Human Resources Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1478-4491-11-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86923279&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lawn, Stephen D AU - Mwaba, Peter AU - Bates, Matthew AU - Piatek, Amy AU - Alexander, Heather AU - Marais, Ben J AU - Cuevas, Luis E AU - McHugh, Timothy D AU - Zijenah, Lynn AU - Kapata, Nathan AU - Abubakar, Ibrahim AU - McNerney, Ruth AU - Hoelscher, Michael AU - Memish, Ziad A AU - Migliori, Giovanni Battista AU - Kim, Peter AU - Maeurer, Markus AU - Schito, Marco AU - Zumla, Alimuddin T1 - Advances in tuberculosis diagnostics: the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and future prospects for a point-of-care test. JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2013/04// VL - 13 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 349 EP - 361 SN - 14733099 AB - Summary: Rapid progress has been made in the development of new diagnostic assays for tuberculosis in recent years. New technologies have been developed and assessed, and are now being implemented. The Xpert MTB/RIF assay, which enables simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance, was endorsed by WHO in December, 2010. This assay was specifically recommended for use as the initial diagnostic test for suspected drug-resistant or HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis. By June, 2012, two-thirds of countries with a high tuberculosis burden and half of countries with a high multidrug-resistant tuberculosis burden had incorporated the assay into their national tuberculosis programme guidelines. Although the development of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay is undoubtedly a landmark event, clinical and programmatic effects and cost-effectiveness remain to be defined. We review the rapidly growing body of scientific literature and discuss the advantages and challenges of using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay in areas where tuberculosis is endemic. We also review other prospects within the developmental pipeline. A rapid, accurate point-of-care diagnostic test that is affordable and can be readily implemented is urgently needed. Investment in the tuberculosis diagnostics pipeline should remain a major priority for funders and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Lancet Infectious Diseases is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - DIAGNOSTIC reagents & test kits KW - MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis KW - HIV infections KW - MULTIDRUG-resistant tuberculosis KW - MEDICAL literature N1 - Accession Number: 89066371; Lawn, Stephen D 1,2 Mwaba, Peter 3,4 Bates, Matthew 3,5 Piatek, Amy 6 Alexander, Heather 7 Marais, Ben J 8 Cuevas, Luis E 9 McHugh, Timothy D 5 Zijenah, Lynn 10 Kapata, Nathan 3,4 Abubakar, Ibrahim 11,12 McNerney, Ruth 1 Hoelscher, Michael 13 Memish, Ziad A 14,15 Migliori, Giovanni Battista 16 Kim, Peter 17 Maeurer, Markus 18 Schito, Marco 19 Zumla, Alimuddin 3,5; Email Address: a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk; Affiliation: 1: Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 2: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 3: University of Zambia-University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 4: Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia 5: Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK 6: US Agency for International Development, Bureau of Global Health, Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA 7: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 8: Sydney Emerging Infections and Biosecurity Institute, and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia 9: Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK 10: University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe 11: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK 12: Health Protection Agency, London, UK 13: Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany 14: Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 15: College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 16: WHO Collaborating Centre for TB and Lung Diseases, Fondazione S Maugeri, Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy 17: Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 18: Division of Therapeutic Immunology, LabMed, and Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 19: Henry M Jackson Foundation-Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p349; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: DIAGNOSTIC reagents & test kits; Subject Term: MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: MULTIDRUG-resistant tuberculosis; Subject Term: MEDICAL literature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325413 In-Vitro Diagnostic Substance Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70008-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89066371&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-10012-001 AN - 2013-10012-001 AU - Phillips, Sharon J. AU - Curtis, Kathryn M. AU - Polis, Chelsea B. T1 - Effect of hormonal contraceptive methods on HIV disease progression: A systematic review. JF - AIDS JO - AIDS JA - AIDS Y1 - 2013/03/13/ VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 787 EP - 794 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 0269-9370 SN - 1473-5571 AD - Phillips, Sharon J., Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-10012-001. PMID: 23135169 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Phillips, Sharon J.; Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Release Date: 20140303. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Birth Control; Disease Course; HIV. Minor Descriptor: Risk Factors. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10). Methodology: Literature Review; Systematic Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Mar 13, 2013. Publication History: Accepted Date: Oct 19, 2012; Revised Date: Oct 11, 2012; First Submitted Date: Jul 13, 2012. Copyright Statement: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013. AB - Objective: Systematically assess from the literature whether women living with HIV who use hormonal contraception are at increased risk of HIV-disease progression compared with those who do not use hormonal contraception. Methods: We searched PUBMED and EMBASE for articles published in peer-reviewed journals through December 15, 2011 for evidence relevant to all hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV-disease progression. Results: Twelve reports of 11 studies met inclusion criteria. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) found increased risk for the composite outcome of a reduced CD4 cell count or death among hormonal contraceptive users when compared with copper intrauterine device (IUD) users. Ten cohort studies reported no increased risk for HIV disease progression (as measured by mortality, time to a CD4 cell count below 200, time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy, an increase in HIV-RNA viral load, or a decrease in CD4 count) among women who used hormonal contraception compared with those who did not. Conclusion: The preponderance of evidence indicates that HIV-positive women can use hormonal contraceptive methods without concerns related to HIV-disease progression. Cohort studies consistently found no association between hormonal contraceptive use and HIV-disease progression compared with nonuse of hormonal contraceptives. One RCT found that hormonal contraceptive use was associated with increased risk of HIV-disease progression when compared with IUD use, but this study had important methodological shortcomings. Prevention of unintended pregnancy among women living with HIV remains a public health priority to safeguard women’s and infants’ health and to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - hormonal contracepton KW - HIV KW - disease progression KW - risk factors KW - 2013 KW - Birth Control KW - Disease Course KW - HIV KW - Risk Factors KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: World Health Organization. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835bb672 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-10012-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ORCID: 0000-0002-1031-7074 UR - UR - ORCID: 0000-0001-7157-4122 UR - phillipss@who.int DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boateng, Daniel AU - Kwapong, Golda Dokuaa AU - Agyei-Baffour, Peter T1 - Knowledge, perception about antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) and adherence to ART among HIV positive women in the Ashanti Region, Ghana: a cross-sectional study. JO - BMC Women's Health JF - BMC Women's Health Y1 - 2013/03// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 SN - 14726874 AB - Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) has been identified as the greatest means of HIV infection among children. Adherence to antiretroviral drugs is necessary to prevent drug resistance and MTCT of HIV among HIV positive women. However, there is a gap in clients' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) which influence their decision to adhere to ART. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study involved 229 HIV positive women in reproductive age (18 - 49 years) and had been on ART for at least six months. Fourteen health workers were also included in the qualitative study. Respondents were selected from three ART centers in the Kumasi Metropolis through systematic random sampling from August to November 2011. HIV positive women who had consistently missed two or more ART appointments within the previous two months were classified as defaulters. Data was analyzed with SPSS 19 and STATA 11. Logistic regression was run to assess the odds ratios at 95% confidence level. Results: The ART defaulter rate was 27% and clients had good knowledge about ART and PMTCT. More than 90% of the HIV positive women had inadequate knowledge about ART and PMTCT and these women were more likely to default ART (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.89, 6.21). The educational background of HIV positive women did not have significant influence on their knowledge of ART and PMTCT. Conclusions: Mothers, knowledge and understanding of ART and PMTCT could influence their adherence to ART. Educational interventions which target the understanding of both the literate and illiterate women in society are necessary to develop positive behaviors and enhance adherence to ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Women's Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission KW - RESEARCH KW - HIV-positive persons KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - LOGISTIC regression analysis KW - DRUG resistance KW - ASHANTI Region (Ghana) KW - ART KW - Ghana KW - HIV KW - PMTCT KW - Women N1 - Accession Number: 85955422; Boateng, Daniel 1; Email Address: kingdannie@gmail.com Kwapong, Golda Dokuaa 2 Agyei-Baffour, Peter 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of community Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 2: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/ Focus Region Health Projects, Accra, Ghana; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HIV-positive persons; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Transmission; Subject Term: LOGISTIC regression analysis; Subject Term: DRUG resistance; Subject Term: ASHANTI Region (Ghana); Author-Supplied Keyword: ART; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ghana; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMTCT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Women; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1472-6874-13-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85955422&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Moore, Kirsten AU - Townsend, John AU - Spieler, Jeff AU - Coffey, Patricia S. AU - Blithe, Diana AU - Arndorfer, Elizabeth AU - Dawes, Elizabeth T1 - A greenprint for sustainable contraceptive research and development JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2013/03// VL - 87 IS - 3 M3 - Editorial SP - 347 EP - 351 SN - 00107824 N1 - Accession Number: 85253286; Moore, Kirsten 1 Townsend, John 2 Spieler, Jeff 3 Coffey, Patricia S. 4 Blithe, Diana 5 Arndorfer, Elizabeth 1 Dawes, Elizabeth 1; Email Address: edawes@rhtp.org; Affiliation: 1: Reproductive Health Technologies Project, Washington, DC 20036, USA 2: Population Council, Washington, DC 20008, USA 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA 4: PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA 5: United States National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 87 Issue 3, p347; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.07.020 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85253286&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - CASE AU - Yukich, Joshua O. AU - Taylor, Cameron AU - Eisele, Thomas P. AU - Reithinger, Richard AU - Nauhassenay, Honelgn AU - Berhane, Yemane AU - Keating, Joseph T1 - Travel history and malaria infection risk in a low-transmission setting in Ethiopia: a case control study. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2013/03// VL - 12 IS - 1 M3 - Case Study SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: Malaria remains the leading communicable disease in Ethiopia, with around one million clinical cases of malaria reported annually. The country currently has plans for elimination for specific geographic areas of the country. Human movement may lead to the maintenance of reservoirs of infection, complicating attempts to eliminate malaria. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted with 560 adult patients at a Health Centre in central Ethiopia. Patients who received a malaria test were interviewed regarding their recent travel histories. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine if reported travel outside of the home village within the last month was related to malaria infection status. Results: After adjusting for several known confounding factors, travel away from the home village in the last 30 days was a statistically significant risk factor for infection with Plasmodium falciparum (AOR 1.76; p=0.03) but not for infection with Plasmodium vivax (AOR 1.17; p=0.62). Male sex was strongly associated with any malaria infection (AOR 2.00; p=0.001). Conclusions: Given the importance of identifying reservoir infections, consideration of human movement patterns should factor into decisions regarding elimination and disease prevention, especially when targeted areas are limited to regions within a country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TRAVEL -- Health aspects KW - MALARIA KW - MULTIVARIATE analysis KW - CARRIER state (Communicable diseases) KW - PREVENTIVE medicine KW - CASE studies KW - TRANSMISSION KW - ETHIOPIA KW - Ethiopia KW - Human movement KW - Importation KW - Malaria KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Plasmodium vivax KW - Reservoir infection KW - Travel N1 - Accession Number: 85955459; Yukich, Joshua O. 1; Email Address: jyukich@tulane.edu Taylor, Cameron 2 Eisele, Thomas P. 1 Reithinger, Richard 3,4 Nauhassenay, Honelgn 5 Berhane, Yemane 5 Keating, Joseph 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA, USA 2: ICF International, Beltsville Drive, alverton, MD, USA 3: United States Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4: RTI International, Washington, DC, USA 5: Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Kirikos sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: TRAVEL -- Health aspects; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: CARRIER state (Communicable diseases); Subject Term: PREVENTIVE medicine; Subject Term: CASE studies; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethiopia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human movement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Importation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmodium falciparum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmodium vivax; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reservoir infection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Travel; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Map; Document Type: Case Study L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-12-33 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85955459&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-05688-021 AN - 2013-05688-021 AU - Ignatowski, Clare A. T1 - Commentary: Special issue on adolescents in the majority world. JF - Journal of Research on Adolescence JO - Journal of Research on Adolescence JA - J Res Adolesc Y1 - 2013/03// VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 193 EP - 194 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 1050-8392 SN - 1532-7795 AD - Ignatowski, Clare A., United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, US, 20523-3901 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-05688-021. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Ignatowski, Clare A.; United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Other Publishers: Blackwell Publishing. Release Date: 20130415. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Adolescent Development; Well Being; Majority Groups. Minor Descriptor: Economic Development; Food; Social Security. Classification: Developmental Psychology (2800). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200). References Available: Y. Page Count: 2. Issue Publication Date: Mar, 2013. Copyright Statement: The Authors. Journal of Research on Adolescence—Society for Research on Adolescence. 2013. AB - This article provides an overview of the special issue of the Journal of Research on Adolescence. This collection of nuanced, insightful papers is a welcome contribution to research and policy dialogue around international youth development. At the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the lead government agency for foreign assistance, we have seen a growing understanding of the profound links between the well being of youth and achievement of high level development impacts in areas as diverse as economic growth, health, food security, and peace and security. This shift in awareness over the past decade has included understanding the value of youth as a population segment to be listened to and engaged with, appreciating the high stakes nature of the youth to adult transition and coming to terms with the impact of population demographics in the development work. This effort has involved working within various technical sectors to examine the roles that youth play in countries achieving sustainable, equitable economic growth and social stability. This special issue addresses some of the technical challenges emerging in international youth development research efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - adolescent development KW - majority groups KW - well being KW - economic growth KW - health KW - food security KW - 2013 KW - Adolescent Development KW - Well Being KW - Majority Groups KW - Economic Development KW - Food KW - Social Security KW - 2013 DO - 10.1111/jora.12009 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-05688-021&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - cignatowski@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103892511 T1 - Food Security in the Context of HIV: Towards Harmonized Definitions and Indicators. AU - Anema, Aranka AU - Fielden, Sarah AU - Castleman, Tony AU - Grede, Nils AU - Heap, Amie AU - Bloem, Martin Y1 - 2013/02// N1 - Accession Number: 103892511. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140224. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9712133. KW - Health Care Delivery KW - Health Policy KW - Food Security KW - HIV Infections KW - World Health KW - Food Security -- Classification KW - Food Safety KW - Nutritional Status KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Measurement Issues and Assessments KW - Electronic Health Records -- Utilization SP - 476 EP - 489 JO - AIDS & Behavior JF - AIDS & Behavior JA - AIDS BEHAV VL - 17 IS - 2 CY - , PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1090-7165 AD - British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada AD - School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada AD - Institute for International Economic Policy, Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington USA AD - HIV/AIDS and Nutrition Policy Division, World Food Program, Rome Italy AD - Office of HIV/AIDS Technical Leadership and Research Division, United States Agency for International Development, Washington USA U2 - PMID: 24292252. DO - 10.1007/s10461-013-0659-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103892511&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ciaranello, Andrea L. AU - Perez, Freddy AU - Engelsmann, Barbara AU - Walensky, Rochelle P. AU - Mushavi, Angela AU - Rusibamayila, Asinath AU - Keatinge, Jo AU - Park, Ji-Eun AU - Maruva, Matthews AU - Cerda, Rodrigo AU - Wood, Robin AU - Dabis, Francois AU - Freedberg, Kenneth A. T1 - Cost-effectiveness of World Health Organization 2010 Guidelines for Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Zimbabwe. JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2013/02// VL - 56 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 430 EP - 446 SN - 10584838 AB - We projected outcomes for mothers and infants following World Health Organization–recommended regimens to prevent mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Compared with Option A, Option B improves life expectancy and saves money; compared with Option B, lifelong maternal therapy is of comparable value to common HIV-related interventions.Background. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) released revised guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (PMTCT). We projected clinical impacts, costs, and cost-effectiveness of WHO-recommended PMTCT strategies in Zimbabwe.Methods. We used Zimbabwean data in a validated computer model to simulate a cohort of pregnant, HIV-infected women (mean age, 24 years; mean CD4 count, 451 cells/µL; subsequent 18 months of breastfeeding). We simulated guideline-concordant care for 4 PMTCT regimens: single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP); WHO-recommended Option A, WHO-recommended Option B, and Option B+ (lifelong maternal 3-drug antiretroviral therapy regardless of CD4). Outcomes included maternal and infant life expectancy (LE) and lifetime healthcare costs (2008 US dollars [USD]). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, in USD per year of life saved [YLS]) were calculated from combined (maternal + infant) discounted costs and LE.Results. Replacing sdNVP with Option A increased combined maternal and infant LE from 36.97 to 37.89 years and would reduce lifetime costs from $5760 to $5710 per mother–infant pair. Compared with Option A, Option B further improved LE (38.32 years), and saved money within 4 years after delivery ($5630 per mother–infant pair). Option B+ (LE, 39.04 years; lifetime cost, $6620 per mother–infant pair) improved maternal and infant health, with an ICER of $1370 per YLS compared with Option B.Conclusions. Replacing sdNVP with Option A or Option B will improve maternal and infant outcomes and save money; Option B increases health benefits and decreases costs compared with Option A. Option B+ further improves maternal outcomes, with an ICER (compared with Option B) similar to many current HIV-related healthcare interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Clinical Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Infants KW - Mother & infant KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - Life expectancy KW - cost-effectiveness KW - HIV KW - mother-to-child transmission KW - pediatric HIV KW - PMTCT KW - World Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 84670123; Ciaranello, Andrea L. 1; Perez, Freddy 2,3; Engelsmann, Barbara 4; Walensky, Rochelle P. 1,5,6,7; Mushavi, Angela 8; Rusibamayila, Asinath 5; Keatinge, Jo 9; Park, Ji-Eun 5; Maruva, Matthews 9; Cerda, Rodrigo 10; Wood, Robin 11; Dabis, Francois 2; Freedberg, Kenneth A. 1,5,7; Affiliations: 1: Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Divisions of Infectious Disease; 2: Universite Bordeaux, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement, and Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique , Bordeaux , France; 3: HIV/AIDS Unit, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC; 4: Organisation for Public Health Interventions and Development; 5: Division of General Medicine; 6: Division of Infectious Disease , Brigham and Women's Hospital; 7: Center for AIDS Research , Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts; 8: Ministry of Health and Child Welfare; 9: United States Agency for International Development, Harare , Zimbabwe; 10: Department of Medicine , Massachusetts General Hospital; 11: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , South Africa; Issue Info: Feb2013, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p430; Thesaurus Term: HEALTH; Thesaurus Term: Cost effectiveness; Subject Term: Infants; Subject Term: Mother & infant; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Transmission; Subject Term: Life expectancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: cost-effectiveness; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: mother-to-child transmission; Author-Supplied Keyword: pediatric HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMTCT ; Company/Entity: World Health Organization; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=84670123&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104292939 T1 - Social and cultural contexts of concurrency in a township in Cape Town, South Africa. AU - Mah TL AU - Maughan-Brown B Y1 - 2013/02// N1 - Accession Number: 104292939. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130628. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100883416. KW - Culture KW - Sexuality KW - Sexual Partners KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Focus Groups KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Human KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Qualitative Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - South Africa KW - Nomenclature KW - Urban Population SP - 135 EP - 147 JO - Culture, Health & Sexuality JF - Culture, Health & Sexuality JA - CULT HEALTH SEX VL - 15 IS - 2 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge AB - Understanding the social and cultural context in which concurrent sexual partnerships exist is important, given recent interventions to reduce their prevalence. This qualitative study seeks to improve the understanding of concurrent partnerships and perceptions of the link between concurrency and HIV risk in a South African township in Cape Town. Small-group discussion and focus-group participants reported that concurrency was a common phenomenon in their township. The most commonly cited reasons for participating in concurrent partnerships were material and financial exchange or gain and sexual dissatisfaction with partners. Although participants believed that being in a concurrent relationship increases the risk of acquiring HIV, they did not believe this discourages many people from engaging in these behaviours. This study highlights that concurrency in this context may be a social norm that is resistant to change. The efficacy of current programmes aimed at reducing concurrency needs to be examined in this context. Our findings suggest that improving economic independence at the individual level and improving sexual satisfaction within partnerships may have some leverage for concurrency reduction. An alternative approach to strengthen combination HIV-prevention strategies could be to increase condom use with the additional/side partners, whose predominant role is often perceived in terms of sex, with messages centred on the notion that sex with additional partner(s) should not endanger the main partner. SN - 1369-1058 AD - a United States Agency for International Development , Washington , USA. U2 - PMID: 23181362. DO - 10.1080/13691058.2012.745951 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104292939&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Welch, Eric W. AU - Shin, Eunjung AU - Long, Jennifer T1 - Potential effects of the Nagoya Protocol on the exchange of non-plant genetic resources for scientific research: Actors, paths, and consequences JO - Ecological Economics JF - Ecological Economics Y1 - 2013/02// VL - 86 M3 - Article SP - 136 EP - 147 SN - 09218009 AB - Scholars have expressed concern that the Nagoya Protocol (NP) might hinder academic research by constraining the exchange and use of genetic resources (Jinnah and Jungcurt, 2009). This paper investigates current genetic resource exchange and use practices as a first step to better understand how the Protocol might affect US agricultural research. The paper addresses three main questions: (1) Who are the main actors sharing genetic resources in the US?; (2) What pathways exist for the exchange and how can they be characterized?; and (3) What consequences are expected to occur as a result of the potential implementation of the NP? Analysis of data from a 2011 national survey of government and university researchers shows that while many of the surveyed researchers are actively involved in exchange of genetic resources, few exchange large quantities of material. Pathways are best described as informal and based on expected reciprocity, and few report paying for genetic resources. While the use of material transfer agreements is low, use is associated with higher levels of expected reciprocity and intellectual property outcomes on projects. Conclusions discuss the implications of the findings for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol and reflect on possible directions for future research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Ecological Economics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GERMPLASM resources -- Law & legislation KW - AGRICULTURE -- Research KW - GENETIC resources utilization KW - GERMPLASM resources conservation KW - BIODIVERSITY -- Law & legislation KW - COOPERATIVE research KW - Genetic resources KW - Global policy KW - Material exchange KW - Nagoya Protocol N1 - Accession Number: 85615123; Welch, Eric W. 1; Email Address: ewwelch@uic.edu Shin, Eunjung 1 Long, Jennifer 2; Affiliation: 1: Science, Technology and Environment Policy Lab., Department of Public Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, 412 S. Peoria Street, M/C 278, Chicago, IL 60607, United States 2: Bureau for Food Security/ARP/Research, RRB 2.10-008, USAID, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC 20004, United States; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 86, p136; Subject Term: GERMPLASM resources -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE -- Research; Subject Term: GENETIC resources utilization; Subject Term: GERMPLASM resources conservation; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: COOPERATIVE research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetic resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nagoya Protocol; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.11.019 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85615123&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Passeport, Elodie AU - Vidon, Philippe AU - Forshay, Kenneth AU - Harris, Lora AU - Kaushal, Sujay AU - Kellogg, Dorothy AU - Lazar, Julia AU - Mayer, Paul AU - Stander, Emilie T1 - Ecological Engineering Practices for the Reduction of Excess Nitrogen in Human-Influenced Landscapes: A Guide for Watershed Managers. JO - Environmental Management JF - Environmental Management Y1 - 2013/02// VL - 51 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 392 EP - 413 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 0364152X AB - Excess nitrogen (N) in freshwater systems, estuaries, and coastal areas has well-documented deleterious effects on ecosystems. Ecological engineering practices (EEPs) may be effective at decreasing nonpoint source N leaching to surface and groundwater. However, few studies have synthesized current knowledge about the functioning principles, performance, and cost of common EEPs used to mitigate N pollution at the watershed scale. Our review describes seven EEPs known to decrease N to help watershed managers select the most effective techniques from among the following approaches: advanced-treatment septic systems, low-impact development (LID) structures, permeable reactive barriers, treatment wetlands, riparian buffers, artificial lakes and reservoirs, and stream restoration. Our results show a broad range of N-removal effectiveness but suggest that all techniques could be optimized for N removal by promoting and sustaining conditions conducive to biological transformations (e.g., denitrification). Generally, N-removal efficiency is particularly affected by hydraulic residence time, organic carbon availability, and establishment of anaerobic conditions. There remains a critical need for systematic empirical studies documenting N-removal efficiency among EEPs and potential environmental and economic tradeoffs associated with the widespread use of these techniques. Under current trajectories of N inputs, land use, and climate change, ecological engineering alone may be insufficient to manage N in many watersheds, suggesting that N-pollution source prevention remains a critical need. Improved understanding of N-removal effectiveness and modeling efforts will be critical in building decision support tools to help guide the selection and application of best EEPs for N management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Environmental Management is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Ecological engineering KW - Nitrogen KW - Watersheds KW - Nitrogen removal (Sewage purification) KW - Nitrogen removal (Water purification) KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Decision making KW - Land use KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Watershed N1 - Accession Number: 85211080; Passeport, Elodie 1; Email Address: epasseport@gmail.com; Vidon, Philippe 2; Forshay, Kenneth 3; Harris, Lora 4; Kaushal, Sujay 5; Kellogg, Dorothy 6; Lazar, Julia 6; Mayer, Paul 7; Email Address: mayer.paul@epa.gov; Stander, Emilie 8; Affiliations: 1: Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720 USA; 2: College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, The State University of New York, Syracuse 13210 USA; 3: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Ada 74820 USA; 4: Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons 20688 USA; 5: Department of Geology and Earth System Science, Interdisciplinary Center College Park, University of Maryland, College Park 20742 USA; 6: Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881 USA; 7: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Ada 74820 USA; 8: American Association for the Advancement of Science/United States Agency for International Development, Office of Water, Washington 20005 USA; Issue Info: Feb2013, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p392; Thesaurus Term: Ecological engineering; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Watersheds; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen removal (Sewage purification); Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen removal (Water purification); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aquatic ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land use; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen removal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Watershed; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 10 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s00267-012-9970-y UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=85211080&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-01332-002 AN - 2013-01332-002 AU - Mah, Timothy L. AU - Maughan-Brown, Brendan T1 - Social and cultural contexts of concurrency in a township in Cape Town, South Africa. JF - Culture, Health & Sexuality JO - Culture, Health & Sexuality JA - Cult Health Sex Y1 - 2013/02// VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 135 EP - 147 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1369-1058 SN - 1464-5351 AD - Mah, Timothy L. N1 - Accession Number: 2013-01332-002. PMID: 23181362 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Mah, Timothy L.; United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20130422. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; HIV; Sexual Risk Taking; Sociocultural Factors; Sexual Partners. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: South Africa. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Focus Group; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 13. Issue Publication Date: Feb, 2013. Publication History: Revised Date: Oct 30, 2012; First Submitted Date: Jan 18, 2012. Copyright Statement: Taylor & Francis. 2013. AB - Understanding the social and cultural context in which concurrent sexual partnerships exist is important, given recent interventions to reduce their prevalence. This qualitative study seeks to improve the understanding of concurrent partnerships and perceptions of the link between concurrency and HIV risk in a South African township in Cape Town. Small-group discussion and focus-group participants reported that concurrency was a common phenomenon in their township. The most commonly cited reasons for participating in concurrent partnerships were material and financial exchange or gain and sexual dissatisfaction with partners. Although participants believed that being in a concurrent relationship increases the risk of acquiring HIV, they did not believe this discourages many people from engaging in these behaviours. This study highlights that concurrency in this context may be a social norm that is resistant to change. The efficacy of current programmes aimed at reducing concurrency needs to be examined in this context. Our findings suggest that improving economic independence at the individual level and improving sexual satisfaction within partnerships may have some leverage for concurrency reduction. An alternative approach to strengthen combination HIV-prevention strategies could be to increase condom use with the additional/side partners, whose predominant role is often perceived in terms of sex, with messages centred on the notion that sex with additional partner(s) should not endanger the main partner. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV KW - AIDS KW - concurrent sexual partnerships KW - prevention KW - risk KW - sociocultural factors KW - 2013 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - HIV KW - Sexual Risk Taking KW - Sociocultural Factors KW - Sexual Partners KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: NRF. Other Details: Research Chair in Poverty and Inequality Research. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: University of Cape Town, University Research Committee, South Africa. Other Details: Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1080/13691058.2012.745951 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-01332-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - tmah@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-10034-003 AN - 2013-10034-003 AU - Chemaitelly, Hiam AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Hallett, Timothy B. AU - Abu-Raddad, Laith J. T1 - Only a fraction of new HIV infections occur within identifiable stable discordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa. JF - AIDS JO - AIDS JA - AIDS Y1 - 2013/01/14/ VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 251 EP - 260 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 0269-9370 SN - 1473-5571 AD - Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar N1 - Accession Number: 2013-10034-003. PMID: 23079805 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Chemaitelly, Hiam; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. Release Date: 20140210. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Abu-Raddad, Laith J. Major Descriptor: African Cultural Groups; Couples; Epidemiology; HIV; Relationship Quality. Minor Descriptor: At Risk Populations; Disease Transmission; Mathematical Modeling. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10). Location: Ethiopia; Ghana; Guinea; Kenya; Liberia; Lesotho; Mali; Malawi; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Swaziland; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe. Tests & Measures: Mathematical Model of HIV-1 Transmissions. Methodology: Empirical Study; Mathematical Model; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 10. Issue Publication Date: Jan 14, 2013. Publication History: Accepted Date: Sep 27, 2012; Revised Date: Sep 16, 2012; First Submitted Date: Apr 29, 2012. Copyright Statement: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013. AB - Objective: To estimate the contribution of HIV-1 sero-conversions among stable HIV sero-discordant couples (SDCs) to total HIV population-level incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Design and methods: We constructed a mathematical model, grounded in nationally representative demographic and epidemiological data, that estimates the annual number of HIV-1 transmissions from the infected partners to the uninfected partners among established SDCs, and compares its value to an estimate for the overall HIV population-level incidence in 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We defined identifiable HIV-1 transmissions among SDCs as those that a hypothetical screening and intervention program would have the potential to avert. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were incorporated to assess the robustness of the findings. Results: Across the 20 countries, an average of 29% (range: 10–52%) of new HIV-1 infections occurred in which one partner in an identifiable SDC infected the other. The percentage of total HIV new infections in a country that occurred within such identifiable SDCs tended to be lower in countries with larger general population HIV epidemics. For most countries, HIV-1 incidence among SDCs is unlikely to exceed 50% of new HIV infections in the whole population. Conclusion: Only a fraction of HIV-1 heterosexual transmissions occur within identifiable SDCs. Prevention within SDCs at scale requires a series of potentially challenging programmatic requirements to be met. Despite the importance of prevention programs aiming at protecting the sero-negative partner in an SDC, a wider strategy utilizing the full range of prevention modalities, which would limit the original generation of SDCs, is also needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - stable couples KW - HIV sero-discordant couples KW - HIV infections KW - epidemiological data KW - disease transmission KW - at risk population KW - HIV-1 sero-conversions KW - HIV incidence KW - sub-Saharan Africa KW - 2013 KW - African Cultural Groups KW - Couples KW - Epidemiology KW - HIV KW - Relationship Quality KW - At Risk Populations KW - Disease Transmission KW - Mathematical Modeling KW - 2013 U1 - Sponsor: Qatar National Research Fund, Qatar. Grant: NPRP 08–068–3–024. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Weill Cornell Medical College, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core, Qatar. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: National Institutes of Health, US. Grant: R01 AI083034. Recipients: Abu-Raddad, Laith J.; Hallett, Timothy B. DO - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835ad459 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-10034-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ORCID: 0000-0003-0790-0506 UR - UR - ORCID: 0000-0002-8756-6968 UR - lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paudel, Deepak AU - Shrestha, Ishwar B. AU - Siebeck, Matthias AU - Rehfuess, Eva A. T1 - Neonatal health in Nepal: analysis of absolute and relative inequalities and impact of current efforts to reduce neonatal mortality. JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health Y1 - 2013/01/10/ VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712458 AB - Background Nepal has made substantial progress in reducing under-five mortality and is on track to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4, but advances in neonatal health are less encouraging. The objectives of this study were to assess relative and absolute inequalities in neonatal mortality over time, and to review experience with major programs to promote neonatal health. Methods Using four nationally representative surveys conducted in 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011, we calculated neonatal mortality rates for Nepal and for population groups based on child sex, geographical and socio-economic variables using a true cohort log probability approach. Inequalities based on different variables and years were assessed using rate differences (rd) and rate ratios (rr); time trends in neonatal mortality were measured using the annual rate of reduction. Through literature searches and expert consultation, information on Nepalese policies and programs implemented since 1990 and directly or indirectly attempting to reduce neonatal mortality was compiled. Data on timeline, coverage and effectiveness were extracted for major programs. Results The annual rate of reduction for neonatal mortality between 1996 and 2011 (2.8 percent per annum) greatly lags behind the achievements in under-five and infant mortality, and varies across population groups. For the year 2011, stark absolute and relative inequalities in neonatal mortality exist in relation to wealth status (rd = 21.4, rr = 2.2); these are less pronounced for other measures of socio-economic status, child sex and urban-rural residence, ecological and development region. Among many efforts to promote child and maternal health, three established programs and two pilot programs emerged as particularly relevant to reducing neonatal mortality. While these were designed based on national and international evidence, information about coverage of different population groups and effectiveness is limited. Conclusion Neonatal mortality varies greatly by socio-demographic variables. This study clearly shows that much remains to be achieved in terms of reducing neonatal mortality across different socio-economic, ethnic and geographical population groups in Nepal. In moving forward it will be important to scale up programs of proven effectiveness, conduct in-depth evaluation of promising new approaches, target unreached and hard-to-reach populations, and maximize use of financial and personnel resources through integration across programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Public Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NEONATAL mortality KW - INFANT health services KW - NEWBORN infants -- Hospital care KW - MEDICAL care KW - SOCIOECONOMIC factors KW - CHILD health services KW - MEDICAL policy KW - NEPAL KW - Developing country KW - Neonatal mortality KW - Policy analysis KW - Rate difference KW - Rate ratio N1 - Accession Number: 94515309; Paudel, Deepak 1,2; Email Address: paudeld@gmail.com Shrestha, Ishwar B. 3; Email Address: ishwarbshrestha@gmail.com Siebeck, Matthias 1; Email Address: Matthias.Siebeck@med.uni-muenchen.de Rehfuess, Eva A. 4; Email Address: rehfuess@ibe.med.uni-muenchen.de; Affiliation: 1: Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany 2: United States Agency for International Development, Kathmandu, Nepal 3: Department of Community Medicine and Family Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 4: Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NEONATAL mortality; Subject Term: INFANT health services; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants -- Hospital care; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: SOCIOECONOMIC factors; Subject Term: CHILD health services; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: NEPAL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Developing country; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neonatal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policy analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rate difference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rate ratio; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1239 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94515309&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Polis, CB; AU - Westreich, D; AU - Balkus, JE; AU - Heffron, R; AU - 2013 HC-HIV Observational Anal; T1 - Assessing the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in observational data: challenges and recommended analytic approaches CT - Assessing the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in observational data: challenges and recommended analytic approaches JO - AIDS JF - AIDS VL - 27 IS - OCT SP - S35 SN - 02699370 AD - Reprints: USAID, Res Technol & Utilizat Div, 1201 Penn Ave NW, Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004, USA cpolis@usaid.gov AD - USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20004, USA N1 - Accession Number: 51-02465; Language: English; Trade Name: DMPA; Generic Name: Medroxyprogesterone acetate; Chemical Name: Medroxyprogesterone acetate--71-58-9; Therapeutic Class: (32:00); AHFS Class: Contraceptives Medroxyprogesterone acetate; References: 60; Human Indicator: Yes; Section Heading: Toxicity; Drug Evaluations N2 - A study evaluating the effect of hormonal contraception, particularly the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, on HIV acquisition in observational data is presented. KW - Medroxyprogesterone acetate--toxicity-; KW - Toxicity--medroxyprogesterone acetate; KW - Contraceptives--medroxyprogesterone acetate; KW - HIV infections--medroxyprogesterone acetate; KW - Outcomes--clinical; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ipa&AN=51-02465&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ipa ER - TY - GEN AU - Phelps, BR; AU - Ahmed, S; AU - Amzel, A; AU - Diallo, MO; AU - Interagcy Task Team Prevention Tre; AU - et al; T1 - Linkage, initiation and retention of children in the antiretroviral therapy cascade: an overview CT - Linkage, initiation and retention of children in the antiretroviral therapy cascade: an overview JO - AIDS JF - AIDS VL - 27 IS - NOV SP - S207 SN - 02699370 AD - Reprints: United States Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC, USA bphelps@usaid.gov AD - United States Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC, USA N1 - Accession Number: 51-00650; Language: English; References: 51; Human Indicator: Yes; Section Heading: Pharmacology; Drug Evaluations N2 - A review focusing on linkage, initiation, and retention of children in the antiretroviral therapy cascade is presented. KW - Antiretroviral agents--HIV infections; KW - Rational therapy--antiretroviral agents; KW - Patients--pediatrics; KW - Diagnosis--HIV infections; KW - Pediatrics--patients; KW - HIV infections--diagnosis; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ipa&AN=51-00650&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ipa ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larson, Bruce A. AU - Schnippel, Kathryn AU - Brennan, Alana AU - Long, Lawrence AU - Xulu, Thembi AU - Maotoe, Thapelo AU - Rosen, Sydney AU - Sanne, Ian AU - Fox, Matthew P. T1 - Same-Day CD4 Testing to Improve Uptake of HIV Care and Treatment in South Africa: Point-of-Care Is Not Enough. JO - AIDS Research & Treatment JF - AIDS Research & Treatment Y1 - 2013/01// M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 SN - 20901240 AB - Background. We evaluated whether a pilot program providing point-of-care (POC), but not rapid, CD4 testing (BD FACSCount) immediately after testing HIV-positive improved retention in care. Methods. We conducted a retrospective record review at the Themba Lethu Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. We compared all walk-in patients testing HIV-positive during February, July 2010 (pilot POC period) to patients testing positive during January 2008-February 2009 (baseline period). The outcome for those with a < 250 cells/mm³ when testing HIV-positive was initiating ART < 16 weeks after HIV testing. Results. 771 patients had CD4 results from the day of HIV testing (421 pilots, 350 baselines). ART initiation within 16 weeks was 49% in the pilot period and 46% in the baseline period. While all 421 patients during the pilot period should have been offered the POC test, patient records indicate that only 73% of them were actually offered it, and among these patients only 63% accepted the offer. Conclusions. Offering CD4 testing using a point-of-care, but not rapid, technology and without other health system changes had minor impacts on the uptake of HIV care and treatment. Point-of-care technologies alone may not be enough to improve linkage to care and treatment after HIV testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIDS Research & Treatment is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - POINT-of-care testing KW - PILOT projects KW - PATIENTS KW - SOUTH Africa N1 - Accession Number: 95269931; Larson, Bruce A. 1,2; Email Address: blarson@bu.edu Schnippel, Kathryn 3 Brennan, Alana 1,3 Long, Lawrence 3 Xulu, Thembi 4 Maotoe, Thapelo 5 Rosen, Sydney 1,3 Sanne, Ian 3,4 Fox, Matthew P. 1,3,6; Affiliation: 1: Boston University Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA 2: Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA 3: Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa 4: Right to Care, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa 5: United States Agency for International Development, South Africa Mission, Pretoria 0027, South Africa 6: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Source Info: 2013, p1; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: POINT-of-care testing; Subject Term: PILOT projects; Subject Term: PATIENTS; Subject Term: SOUTH Africa; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1155/2013/941493 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95269931&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104165308 T1 - Comparison of medicine availability measurements at health facilities: evidence from Service Provision Assessment surveys in five sub-Saharan African countries. AU - Choi, Yoonjoung AU - Ametepi, Paul Y1 - 2013/01// N1 - Accession Number: 104165308. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150508. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101088677. KW - Health Facilities KW - Drugs -- Supply and Distribution KW - Africa South of the Sahara KW - Surveys KW - Human SP - 266 EP - 266 JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research JA - BMC HEALTH SERV RES VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1472-6963 AD - Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20004, USA. ychoi@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 23837467. DO - 10.1186/1472-6963-13-266 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104165308&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hunter, Shirley A. AU - Malgwi, Charles A. AD - USAID, Washington, DC AD - Bentley U T1 - Is Foreign Private National Debt Challenging Governance in Emerging Markets? JO - International Journal of Economics and Accounting JF - International Journal of Economics and Accounting Y1 - 2013/// VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 54 EP - 92 SN - 2041868X N1 - Accession Number: 1369619; Keywords: Debt; Electorate; Government; Rights; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201305 N2 - We study why foreign private national debt is higher in some countries than others by examining its effect on the governance environment in emerging markets. We also questioned whether countries which have ratified bilateral investment treaties have higher debt as a source of external financing than others. Examining the debt capacity of 46 countries from 1993 to 2004, we found that declines in their private debt to international reserve ratios correlate positively with increases in the number of foreign investors-government disputes mediated before international tribunals. As these markets experience financial crises, we calculated a 74% probability that disputes over the property rights of foreign investors are likely to continue. This study uses institutional change theory (North, 1990) where it overlaps with agency and game theory to examine a moral hazard which arises when the government plays the role of a double principal to a contract signed by a foreign investor-agent and governed by its electorate-agent. Gaming behaviour ensues because the government responds to the agent where it can achieve the maximum benefit. The results suggest that governments should strengthen their institutions governing the rule of law prior to contracting with foreign investors. KW - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D72 KW - International Lending and Debt Problems F34 L3 - http://www.inderscience.com/ijea UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1369619&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.inderscience.com/ijea DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, Keithly G. AU - Wozniak, Shawn J. AU - Walters, Lurleen M. T1 - Did the Proposed Country-of-Origin Law Affect Product Choices? The Case of Salmon. JO - Journal of Food Products Marketing JF - Journal of Food Products Marketing Y1 - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013 VL - 19 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 62 EP - 76 SN - 10454446 AB - The 2002 Farm Securit and Rural Investment Act mandated that country-of-origin labeling (COOL) be applied to specific food commodities. Using revealed preference data for 1998–2006, a nonlinear AIDS model is used to estimate the demand for uncooked frozen, uncooked fresh, and precooked salmon to assess the impact of the legislation on consumer demand patterns. Findings from a non parametric analysis suggest a possible rotation in the demand curve for fresh salmon that may be linked with the quality signal associated with COOL. However, our findings indicate that COOL had no significant impact on overall consumer demand for the three products. All three were found to be inelastic, with uncooked fresh salmon being slightly more price sensitive than uncooked frozen and precooked salmon. Given the expenditure elasticities, the fresh salmon segment of the industry appear to be more vibrant than the other salmon segments and would likely influence investment decisions in the salmon industry. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Journal of Food Products Marketing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COUNTRY of origin (Commerce) KW - LABELS KW - SEAFOOD KW - SALMON KW - DEMAND (Economic theory) KW - country-of-origin labeling KW - demand KW - nonlinear Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model KW - salmon KW - seafood N1 - Accession Number: 84379799; Jones, Keithly G. 1; Email Address: kjones@ers.usda.gov Wozniak, Shawn J. 2 Walters, Lurleen M. 3; Affiliation: 1: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA 2: USAID, Washington, DC, USA 3: Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p62; Subject Term: COUNTRY of origin (Commerce); Subject Term: LABELS; Subject Term: SEAFOOD; Subject Term: SALMON; Subject Term: DEMAND (Economic theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: country-of-origin labeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: demand; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonlinear Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model; Author-Supplied Keyword: salmon; Author-Supplied Keyword: seafood; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323111 Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books); NAICS/Industry Codes: 561910 Packaging and Labeling Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114114 Freshwater fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114111 Finfish Fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 445220 Fish and Seafood Markets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413140 Fish and seafood product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/10454446.2012.728986 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84379799&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bianconi, Marcelo AU - Chen, Richard AU - Yoshino, Joe A. T1 - Firm value, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and cross-listing in the U.S., Germany and Hong Kong destinations JO - North American Journal of Economics & Finance JF - North American Journal of Economics & Finance Y1 - 2013/01// VL - 24 M3 - Article SP - 25 EP - 44 SN - 10629408 AB - Abstract: This paper presents empirical evidence on the effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on the value of firms and on the cross-listing choice of firms destined to three major markets in North America, Asia and Europe. We use dynamic panel data methods and treatment effects methods and find that Sarbanes-Oxley has had a negative impact on the value of firms worldwide. Our evidence indicates that Sox may have segmented markets, with many lower valued firms destined to Hong Kong, thus crowding out the market where regulation is more stringent. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of North American Journal of Economics & Finance is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CROSS listing of securities KW - MARKET segmentation KW - ENTERPRISE value (Finance) KW - PANEL analysis KW - UNITED States KW - GERMANY KW - HONG Kong (China) KW - Cross-listing KW - Dynamic panel data KW - G38 KW - Sarbanes-Oxley KW - Treatment effects KW - UNITED States. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 N1 - Accession Number: 85854816; Bianconi, Marcelo 1; Chen, Richard 2; Email Address: rchen@usaid.gov; Yoshino, Joe A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Economics, Tufts University, USA; 2: USAID, Washington, DC, USA; 3: Department of Economics, FEA-USP, Brazil; Issue Info: Jan2013, Vol. 24, p25; Thesaurus Term: CROSS listing of securities; Thesaurus Term: MARKET segmentation; Subject Term: ENTERPRISE value (Finance); Subject Term: PANEL analysis; Subject: UNITED States; Subject: GERMANY; Subject: HONG Kong (China); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cross-listing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic panel data; Author-Supplied Keyword: G38; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sarbanes-Oxley; Author-Supplied Keyword: Treatment effects; Reviews & Products: UNITED States. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.najef.2012.07.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85854816&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2013-09122-005 AN - 2013-09122-005 AU - McCleary-Sills, Jennifer AU - Kanesathasan, Anjala AU - Brakarsh, Jonathan AU - Vujovic, Marnie AU - Dlamini, Kgethi AU - Namisango, Eve AU - Nasaba, Rose AU - Fritz, Katherine AU - Wong, Vincent J. AU - Bowsky, Sara T1 - Foundation for the future: Meeting the psychosocial needs of children living with HIV in South Africa and Uganda. JF - Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services JO - Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services JA - J HIV AIDS Soc Serv Y1 - 2013/01// VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 62 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1538-1501 AD - Wong, Vincent J., United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of HIV/AIDS, Division of Technical Leadership and Research, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, Suite 200, Washington, DC, US, 20004 N1 - Accession Number: 2013-09122-005. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: McCleary-Sills, Jennifer; International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, US. Other Publishers: Haworth Press. Release Date: 20130610. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: HIV; Needs; Pediatrics; Psychosocial Factors. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: South Africa; Uganda. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Focus Group; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 14. Issue Publication Date: Jan, 2013. Copyright Statement: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC AB - Successes in diagnosing and treating pediatric HIV have necessitated care that extends beyond basic medical needs. However, capacity for providing childhood psychosocial support (PSS) remains limited. Programmatic research with young PLHIV, care providers and parents in Uganda and South Africa explored challenges in meeting the psychosocial needs of HIV-positive children. Three areas for childhood PSS were examined: disclosure, stigma, and grief/bereavement. This research identified programming gaps, strategies and good practices in five focal areas: providing immediate postdiagnosis support, stigma reduction, capacity building, addressing grief, and promoting peer support. Recommendations are presented for enhancing PSS for HIV-positive children in resource-limited settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - psychosocial needs KW - HIV positive children KW - South Africa KW - Uganda KW - 2013 KW - HIV KW - Needs KW - Pediatrics KW - Psychosocial Factors KW - 2013 DO - 10.1080/15381501.2012.749818 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-09122-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - vwong@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bogich, Tiffany L. AU - Chunara, Rumi AU - Scales, David AU - Chan, Emily AU - Pinheiro, Laura C. AU - Chmura, Aleksei A. AU - Carroll, Dennis AU - Daszak, Peter AU - Brownstein, John S. T1 - Preventing Pandemics Via International Development: A Systems Approach JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2012/12// VL - 9 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Tiffany Bogich and colleagues find that breakdown or absence of public health infrastructure is most often the driver in pandemic outbreaks, whose prevention requires mainstream development funding rather than emergency funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PANDEMICS KW - PREVENTION KW - PUBLIC health KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases KW - Global health KW - Infectious disease control KW - Infectious diseases KW - Medicine KW - Policy Forum KW - Research funding KW - Science policy KW - WORLD Health Organization KW - CENTERS for Disease Control & Prevention (U.S.) N1 - Accession Number: 88191374; Bogich, Tiffany L. 1,2,3; Email Address: tbogich@princeton.edu Chunara, Rumi 4,5 Scales, David 4,5 Chan, Emily 4,5 Pinheiro, Laura C. 4,5 Chmura, Aleksei A. 3 Carroll, Dennis 6 Daszak, Peter 3 Brownstein, John S. 4,5; Email Address: John.Brownstein@childrens.harvard.edu; Affiliation: 1: 1 Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America 2: 2 Princeton University, Dept of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America 3: 3 EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America 4: 4 Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 5: 5 Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America 6: 6 Global Health Program, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington (D.C.), United States of America; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 9 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: PANDEMICS; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious disease control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policy Forum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research funding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science policy; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization Company/Entity: CENTERS for Disease Control & Prevention (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001354 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88191374&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jagger, Pamela AU - Shively, Gerald AU - Arinaitwe, Arthur T1 - Circular migration, small-scale logging, and household livelihoods in Uganda. JO - Population & Environment JF - Population & Environment Y1 - 2012/12// VL - 34 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 235 EP - 256 SN - 01990039 AB - Little is known about the contribution of migrant logging to rural livelihoods in East Africa. In this paper, we analyze logging by circular migrants in land constrained and population dense southwestern Uganda. Drawing on a sample of 180 households, including both migrant and non-migrant households, we describe the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of migrant loggers, estimate the contribution of migrant logging to household income portfolios, test several hypotheses regarding why households decide to undertake this relatively risky activity, and explore the role of social networks as a determinant of higher incomes for migrant loggers. We find that household endowments of land, labor, and capital are different for migrant logger and comparison group households. Above all, labor endowments appear to be driving decisions to participate in logging. We find support for two migration hypotheses: higher expected incomes and wages at destination; and relative deprivation at origin. We find strong evidence that migrant logging reduces income inequality in the home community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Population & Environment is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERNAL migrants KW - POPULATION transfers KW - POPULATION density KW - LOGGING -- Environmental aspects KW - SOCIOECONOMIC factors KW - SOCIAL conditions KW - UGANDA -- Social conditions -- 1979- KW - UGANDA KW - Circular migration KW - Environment KW - Forestry KW - Informal sector KW - Livelihoods KW - Logging KW - Uganda N1 - Accession Number: 83184416; Jagger, Pamela; Email Address: pjagger@unc.edu Shively, Gerald; Email Address: shivelyg@purdue.edu Arinaitwe, Arthur 1; Email Address: aarinaitwe@leadug.com; Affiliation: 1: Uganda Livelihoods and Enterprises for Agricultural Development (LEAD), United States Agency for International Development, Plot 58 Lumumba Avenue Naksero Kampala Uganda; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p235; Subject Term: INTERNAL migrants; Subject Term: POPULATION transfers; Subject Term: POPULATION density; Subject Term: LOGGING -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: SOCIOECONOMIC factors; Subject Term: SOCIAL conditions; Subject Term: UGANDA -- Social conditions -- 1979-; Subject Term: UGANDA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circular migration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forestry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Informal sector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Livelihoods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Logging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uganda; NAICS/Industry Codes: 113312 Contract logging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 113310 Logging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 113311 Logging (except contract); Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s11111-011-0155-z UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83184416&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - CONF AU - Pablos-Méndez, Ariel AU - Fox, Elizabeth T1 - Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. JO - Journal of Health Communication JF - Journal of Health Communication Y1 - 2012/11// VL - 17 IS - 10 M3 - Proceeding SP - 1117 EP - 1118 SN - 10810730 AB - The article presents information on the 2013 Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change, which will be hosted by the United States Agency for International Development. KW - CONFERENCES & conventions KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - CONGRESSES KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 83564365; Pablos-Méndez, Ariel 1 Fox, Elizabeth 1,2; Email Address: efox@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 2: Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 17 Issue 10, p1117; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: CONGRESSES; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding L3 - 10.1080/10810730.2012.744645 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83564365&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104386092 T1 - Enhancing child survival and development in lower- and middle-income countries by achieving population-level behavior change. AU - Pablos-Méndez A AU - Fox E Y1 - 2012/11// N1 - Accession Number: 104386092. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130222. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; editorial. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Promotion/Education; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 9604100. KW - Child Development KW - Child Mortality KW - Developing Countries KW - Health Promotion -- Administration KW - Child, Preschool KW - Congresses and Conferences KW - Health Behavior KW - Communication KW - Infant SP - 1117 EP - 1118 JO - Journal of Health Communication JF - Journal of Health Communication JA - J HEALTH COMMUN VL - 17 IS - 10 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge SN - 1081-0730 AD - a Global Health Bureau , United States Agency for International Development , Washington , District of Columbia , USA. U2 - PMID: 23167311. DO - 10.1080/10810730.2012.744645 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104386092&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Silva, Juan P. AU - Ruiz, José L. AU - Peña, Miguel R. AU - Lubberding, Henk AU - Gijzen, Huub T1 - Influence of photoperiod on carbon dioxide and methane emissions from two pilot-scale stabilization ponds. JO - Water Science & Technology JF - Water Science & Technology Y1 - 2012/11// VL - 66 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 1930 EP - 1940 SN - 02731223 AB - Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2, CH4) from pilot-scale algal and duckweed-based ponds (ABP and DBP) were measured using the static chamber methodology. Daylight and nocturnal variations of GHG and wastewater characteristics (e.g. chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH) were determined via sampling campaigns during midday (12:30-15:30) and midnight (00:30-03:30) periods. The results showed that under daylight conditions in ABP median emissions were -232 mg CO2 m-2 d-1 and 9.9 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, and in DBP median emissions were -1,654.5 mg CO2 m-2 d-1 and 71.4 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, respectively. During nocturnal conditions ABP median emissions were 3,949.9 mg CO2 m-2 d-1, 12.7 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, and DBP median emissions were 5,116 mg CO2 m-2 d-1, 195.2 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, respectively. Once data measured during daylight were averaged together with nocturnal data the median emissions for ABP were 1,566.8 mg CO2 m-2 d-1 and 72.1 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, whilst for DBP they were 3,016.9 mg CO2 m-2 d- and 178.9 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, respectively. These figures suggest that there were significant differences between CO2 emissions measured during daylight and nocturnal periods (p<0.05). This shows a sink-like behaviour for both ABP and DBP in the presence of solar light, which indicates the influence of photosynthesis in CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the fluxes of CH4 indicated that DBP and ABP behave as net sources of CH4 during day and night, although higher emissions were observed from DBP. Overall, according to the compound average (daylight and nocturnal emissions) both ABP and DBP systems might be considered as net sources of GHG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Water Science & Technology is the property of IWA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GREENHOUSE gases KW - DUCKWEEDS KW - WASTEWATER treatment KW - PONDS KW - CARBON dioxide KW - METHANE KW - PHOTOSYNTHESIS KW - EMISSIONS (Air pollution) KW - duckweed ponds KW - greenhouse gases KW - waste stabilisation ponds KW - wastewater treatment N1 - Accession Number: 83066310; Silva, Juan P. 1 Ruiz, José L. 1 Peña, Miguel R. 1; Email Address: miguelpe@univalle.edu.co Lubberding, Henk 2 Gijzen, Huub 2,3; Affiliation: 1: Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia 2: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands 3: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 66 Issue 9, p1930; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: DUCKWEEDS; Subject Term: WASTEWATER treatment; Subject Term: PONDS; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Author-Supplied Keyword: duckweed ponds; Author-Supplied Keyword: greenhouse gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: waste stabilisation ponds; Author-Supplied Keyword: wastewater treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2166/wst.2012.396 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83066310&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wimberly, Michael C. AU - Midekisa, Alemayehu AU - Semuniguse, Paulos AU - Teka, Hiwot AU - Henebry, Geoffrey M. AU - Chuang, Ting-Wu AU - Senay, Gabriel B. T1 - Spatial synchrony of malaria outbreaks in a highland region of Ethiopia. T2 - Sincronía espacial de brotes de malaria en la región alta de Etiopía. T2 - Synchronie spatiale des épidémies de paludisme dans une région montagneuse d'Ethiopie. JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health Y1 - 2012/10// VL - 17 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1192 EP - 1201 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13602276 AB - To understand the drivers and consequences of malaria in epidemic-prone regions, it is important to know whether epidemics emerge independently in different areas as a consequence of local contingencies, or whether they are synchronised across larger regions as a result of climatic fluctuations and other broad-scale drivers. To address this question, we collected historical malaria surveillance data for the Amhara region of Ethiopia and analysed them to assess the consistency of various indicators of malaria risk and determine the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of malaria within the region. We collected data from a total of 49 districts from 1999-2010. Data availability was better for more recent years and more data were available for clinically diagnosed outpatient malaria cases than confirmed malaria cases. Temporal patterns of outpatient malaria case counts were correlated with the proportion of outpatients diagnosed with malaria and confirmed malaria case counts. The proportion of outpatients diagnosed with malaria was spatially clustered, and these cluster locations were generally consistent from year to year. Outpatient malaria cases exhibited spatial synchrony at distances up to 300 km, supporting the hypothesis that regional climatic variability is an important driver of epidemics. Our results suggest that decomposing malaria risk into separate spatial and temporal components may be an effective strategy for modelling and forecasting malaria risk across large areas. They also emphasise both the value and limitations of working with historical surveillance datasets and highlight the importance of enhancing existing surveillance efforts. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Para entender las causas y las consecuencias de la malaria en regiones con tendencia a las epidemias, es importante conocer si estas surgen de forma independiente en diferentes áreas como consecuencia de contingencias locales, o si están sincronizadas en regiones más amplias como resultado de las fluctuaciones climáticas y otros factores a mayor escala. Con el fin de abordar esta pregunta, recogimos datos históricos de vigilancia epidemiológica de la malaria para la región de Amhara en Etiopía y los analizamos con el fin de evaluar la consistencia de varios indicadores de riesgo de malaria y determinar los patrones espaciales y temporales dominantes para la malaria en esta región. Recogimos datos de un total de 49 distritos entre 1999-2010. La disponibilidad de datos era mejor en los últimos años, y había un mayor número de datos para casos de pacientes externos diagnosticados con malaria que de casos de malaria confirmados. Los patrones temporales de número de casos de pacientes externos con malaria se correlacionaban con la proporción de pacientes externos diagnosticados con malaria y con el número de casos confirmados de malaria. Los pacientes externos diagnosticados con malaria se agrupaban en conglomerados espaciales, y en general la localización de dichos conglomerados era consistente de un año a otro. Los casos de malaria en pacientes externos tenían una sincronía espacial en una distancia de hasta 300km, apoyando la hipótesis de que la variabilidad del clima dentro de una región es un factor importante en las epidemias. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el descomponer el riesgo de malaria en componentes espaciales y temporales puede ser una buena estrategia para modelar y predecir el riesgo de malaria en áreas grandes. También hacen hincapié en el valor y las limitaciones de trabajar con bases de datos históricas y subrayan la importancia de reforzar los iniciativas actuales de vigilancia epidemiológica. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Pour comprendre les déterminants et conséquences du paludisme dans les régions sujettes aux épidémies, il est important de savoir si les épidémies émergent de façon indépendante dans différentes régions comme conséquence de contingences locales, ou si elles sont synchronisées à travers de larges zones en raison de fluctuations climatiques et d'autres déterminants de grande échelle. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons recueilli des données historiques de surveillance du paludisme pour la région d'Amhara en Ethiopie et les avons analysées pour évaluer la cohérence des divers indicateurs de risque du paludisme et déterminer les profils spatiaux et temporels dominants du paludisme dans la région. Nous avons recueilli des données sur un total de 49 districts de 1999 à 2010. La disponibilité des données était meilleure pour les années les plus récentes et davantage de données étaient disponibles pour les cas de paludisme ambulatoires diagnostiqués cliniquement que pour les cas de paludisme confirmés. Les profils temporels du nombre de cas de paludisme ambulatoire ont été corrélés avec la proportion de patients ambulatoires diagnostiqués comme ayant le paludisme et le nombre de cas confirmés de paludisme. La proportion de patients ambulatoires diagnostiqués avec le paludisme était géographiquement regroupée et les localisations de ces regroupements étaient généralement stables d'une année à l'autre. Les cas de paludisme ambulatoire démontrent une synchronie spatiale sur des distances allant jusqu'à 300 km, soutenant l'hypothèse que la variabilité climatique régionale est un facteur important pour les épidémies. Nos résultats suggèrent que la décomposition du risque du paludisme en différentes composantes spatiales et temporelles pourrait être une stratégie efficace pour la modélisation et la prévision des risques de paludisme à travers de vastes zones. Ils insistent aussi sur la valeur et les limites de travailler avec des ensembles de données historiques de surveillance et mettent en évidence l'importance de renforcer les efforts de surveillance existants. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA -- Diagnosis KW - EPIDEMICS KW - OUTPATIENT medical care KW - CLIMATIC changes KW - SPATIAL variation KW - ETHIOPIA KW - épidémies de paludisme KW - auto corrélation spatiale KW - autocorrelación espacial KW - clima KW - climat KW - climate KW - environment KW - environnement KW - epidemias de malaria KW - malaria KW - malaria epidemics KW - medio ambiente KW - sincronía espacial KW - spatial autocorrelation KW - spatial synchrony KW - surveillance KW - synchronie spatiale KW - vigilancia N1 - Accession Number: 79955464; Wimberly, Michael C. 1 Midekisa, Alemayehu 1 Semuniguse, Paulos 2 Teka, Hiwot 3 Henebry, Geoffrey M. 1 Chuang, Ting-Wu 1 Senay, Gabriel B. 1,4; Affiliation: 1: Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA 2: Health, Development, and Anti-Malaria Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3: United States Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4: USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 17 Issue 10, p1192; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: OUTPATIENT medical care; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SPATIAL variation; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: épidémies de paludisme; Author-Supplied Keyword: auto corrélation spatiale; Author-Supplied Keyword: autocorrelación espacial; Author-Supplied Keyword: clima; Author-Supplied Keyword: climat; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: environnement; Author-Supplied Keyword: epidemias de malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: malaria epidemics; Author-Supplied Keyword: medio ambiente; Author-Supplied Keyword: sincronía espacial; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial autocorrelation; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial synchrony; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: synchronie spatiale; Author-Supplied Keyword: vigilancia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621494 Community health centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621499 All other out-patient care centres; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03058.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79955464&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104113623 T1 - Spatial synchrony of malaria outbreaks in a highland region of Ethiopia. AU - Wimberly, Michael C AU - Midekisa, Alemayehu AU - Semuniguse, Paulos AU - Teka, Hiwot AU - Henebry, Geoffrey M AU - Chuang, Ting-Wu AU - Senay, Gabriel B Y1 - 2012/10// N1 - Accession Number: 104113623. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140131. Revision Date: 20161117. Publication Type: journal article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. Grant Information: R01AI079411/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 9610576. KW - Climate KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Malaria -- Epidemiology KW - Ethiopia KW - Population Surveillance KW - Risk Factors SP - 1192 EP - 1201 JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health JA - TROP MED INT HEALTH VL - 17 IS - 10 CY - Malden, Massachusetts PB - Wiley-Blackwell AB - To understand the drivers and consequences of malaria in epidemic-prone regions, it is important to know whether epidemics emerge independently in different areas as a consequence of local contingencies, or whether they are synchronised across larger regions as a result of climatic fluctuations and other broad-scale drivers. To address this question, we collected historical malaria surveillance data for the Amhara region of Ethiopia and analysed them to assess the consistency of various indicators of malaria risk and determine the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of malaria within the region. We collected data from a total of 49 districts from 1999-2010. Data availability was better for more recent years and more data were available for clinically diagnosed outpatient malaria cases than confirmed malaria cases. Temporal patterns of outpatient malaria case counts were correlated with the proportion of outpatients diagnosed with malaria and confirmed malaria case counts. The proportion of outpatients diagnosed with malaria was spatially clustered, and these cluster locations were generally consistent from year to year. Outpatient malaria cases exhibited spatial synchrony at distances up to 300 km, supporting the hypothesis that regional climatic variability is an important driver of epidemics. Our results suggest that decomposing malaria risk into separate spatial and temporal components may be an effective strategy for modelling and forecasting malaria risk across large areas. They also emphasise both the value and limitations of working with historical surveillance datasets and highlight the importance of enhancing existing surveillance efforts. SN - 1360-2276 AD - Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Health, Development, and Anti-Malaria Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia United States Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. U2 - PMID: 22863170. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03058.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104113623&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-30589-001 AN - 2012-30589-001 AU - Maholmes, Valerie AU - Fluke, John D. AU - Rinehart, Richard D. AU - Huebner, Gillian T1 - Protecting children outside of family care in low and middle income countries: What does the evidence say? JF - Child Abuse & Neglect JO - Child Abuse & Neglect JA - Child Abuse Negl Y1 - 2012/10// VL - 36 IS - 10 SP - 685 EP - 688 CY - Netherlands PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0145-2134 AD - Maholmes, Valerie, Child and Family Processes/Maltreatment & Violence Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, 6100 Executive Blvd. Room 4B05A, Rockville, MD, US, 20852 N1 - Accession Number: 2012-30589-001. PMID: 23092938 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Maholmes, Valerie; Child and Family Processes/Maltreatment & Violence Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Rockville, MD, US. Release Date: 20130218. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Child Care; Developing Countries; Protective Services. Minor Descriptor: Foster Care; Lower Income Level; Middle Income Level. Classification: Community & Social Services (3373). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100). References Available: Y. Page Count: 4. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 2012. Publication History: First Posted Date: Oct 23, 2012; Accepted Date: Sep 7, 2012; First Submitted Date: Sep 7, 2012. AB - Some of the most vulnerable children in the world are those living outside of family care – children without families to look after them; left in dysfunctional institutions or alone on the streets; victims of sex trafficking or pornography; trafficked for forced labor, or recruited for armed conflict. In an effort to address this issue, more than 150 of the world’s leading advocates for children from NGOs, international organizations, academic institutions, and private partners, a multitude of U.S. Government agencies and departments, and practitioners were brought together in December 2011 in Washington DC, to participate in the United States Government 'Evidence Summit on Protecting Children Outside of Family Care'. The purpose of the Summit was to examine the strength of the research evidence on existing programs and interventions, and most importantly to identify critical knowledge gaps and areas where more research is needed so that systems and programs designed to improve the overall health and well-being of these vulnerable children may be strengthened. The articles in this issue, represent a pioneering effort to describe the current evidence based for policies, programs, and research related to assisting highly vulnerable children outside of family care in low and middle income countries. They comprise a methods paper, the four inter-connected focal question papers mentioned above, and a concluding commentary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - child protection KW - outside family care KW - child care KW - middle income countries KW - low income countries KW - 2012 KW - Child Care KW - Developing Countries KW - Protective Services KW - Foster Care KW - Lower Income Level KW - Middle Income Level KW - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-30589-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-30589-004 AN - 2012-30589-004 AU - Ager, Alastair AU - Zimmerman, Cathy AU - Unlu, Kathy AU - Rinehart, Richard AU - Nyberg, Beverly AU - Zeanah, Charles AU - Hunleth, Jean AU - Bastiaens, Ida AU - Weldy, Andre AU - Bachman, Gretchen AU - Blum, Alexander B. AU - Strottman, Kathleen T1 - What strategies are appropriate for monitoring children outside of family care and evaluating the impact of the programs intended to serve them? JF - Child Abuse & Neglect JO - Child Abuse & Neglect JA - Child Abuse Negl Y1 - 2012/10// VL - 36 IS - 10 SP - 732 EP - 742 CY - Netherlands PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0145-2134 AD - Ager, Alastair, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY, US, 10032 N1 - Accession Number: 2012-30589-004. PMID: 23083900 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Ager, Alastair; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, US. Release Date: 20130218. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Conference Information: U.S. Government Evidence Summit: Protecting Children Outside of Family Care, Dec, 2011, Washington, DC, US. Conference Note: An earlier version of this paper was presented at the aforementioned conference. Major Descriptor: Child Care; Needs; Program Evaluation; Protective Services; Strategies. Minor Descriptor: Foster Care; Monitoring. Classification: Community & Social Services (3373). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100). Methodology: Literature Review; Systematic Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 11. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 2012. Publication History: First Posted Date: Oct 18, 2012; Accepted Date: Sep 7, 2012; First Submitted Date: Sep 7, 2012. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. Elsevier Ltd. 2012. AB - Objectives: To strengthen the evidence-base for policy and practice for support of children outside of family care requires effective, efficient and sustainable mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation. Toward that end, two core questions guided a systematic review of evidence: What strategies are appropriate for monitoring the needs and circumstances of children outside of family care? What strategies are suitable for evaluating the impact of the programs intended to serve such children? Methods: A structured document search and review process was implemented within the context of the U.S. Government Evidence Summit on Protecting Children Outside of Family Care of December 2011. Through successive review phases, initially using structured screening criteria, followed by thematic review by an expert panel, 73 documents were identified for analysis. Results: Analysis of models and strategies indicates that: (1) tools are available for assessment of children’s needs, but require refining to accommodate contextual demands; (2) well-designed evaluations are able to identify the influence of assistance; (3) long-term follow-up is crucial to developing a strong evidence-base on effective strategies; and (4) insights into systems-wide monitoring mechanisms are emerging. In addition to describing key components of monitoring and evaluation strategies, findings draw attention to the evaluation of children’s resiliency and protective factors, community based monitoring and the role of caregivers, as well as concerns over the stigmatization of children (through data collection methodologies encouraging the ‘labeling’ of children) and the importance of children’s participation. Fostering a stronger evidence-base to improve protection for vulnerable children requires evaluations that are integrated into program development, use context-appropriate methodologies able to assess intervention scalability and employ more longitudinal designs to explore children’s trajectories. Further, future programming will benefit from systems-wide data coordination and international comparisons, research that emphasizes coping and resilience mechanisms, and children’s participation in monitoring and evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - child protection KW - outside family care KW - child care KW - program evaluation KW - needs KW - strategies KW - monitoring KW - 2012 KW - Child Care KW - Needs KW - Program Evaluation KW - Protective Services KW - Strategies KW - Foster Care KW - Monitoring KW - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.006 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-30589-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-30589-005 AN - 2012-30589-005 AU - Boothby, Neil AU - Balster, Robert L. AU - Goldman, Philip AU - Wessells, Michael G. AU - Zeanah, Charles H. AU - Huebner, Gillian AU - Garbarino, James T1 - Coordinated and evidence-based policy and practice for protecting children outside of family care. JF - Child Abuse & Neglect JO - Child Abuse & Neglect JA - Child Abuse Negl Y1 - 2012/10// VL - 36 IS - 10 SP - 743 EP - 751 CY - Netherlands PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0145-2134 AD - Boothby, Neil, United States Agency for International Development, GH/AA/OVC, Room 5.7.122 RRB, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2012-30589-005. PMID: 23107455 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Boothby, Neil; United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20130218. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: At Risk Populations; Child Care; Child Welfare; Integrated Services; Protective Services. Minor Descriptor: Ethics; Experimentation; Knowledge Transfer; Policy Making. Classification: Community & Social Services (3373). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100). References Available: Y. Page Count: 9. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 2012. Publication History: First Posted Date: Oct 26, 2012. AB - This article discusses several topics related to the welfare and protection of children outside of family care. This following issues are discussed: (1) child protection in context: the case for coordinated action; (2) moving from silos to systems; (3) the architecture of U.S. government assistance to highly vulnerable children; (4) the state of the evidence-base; (5) developing an appropriate research framework; (6) connecting research, practice, and policy; (6) ethical considerations; (7) capacity development and knowledge transfer; and (8) recommendations. The authors note that the literature reviews prepared for the 2011 U.S. Government Evidence Summit on Protecting Children Outside of Family Care document the variable quality and quantity of the evidence base for making recommendations for policy and practice in the area of protecting children outside of family care. Although there are well-controlled studies in some areas, most of the research literature suffers from a variety of design problems, and program evaluation data must also be viewed cautiously because of lack of comparison groups, independent review, etc. Longer-term effects of interventions and their sustainability are particularly poorly documented. The authors argue that every research initiative designed to provide an evidentiary base for action on behalf of vulnerable children outside of family care should begin with a recognition of the core insight of human ecology, namely that all developmental influences and processes occur 'in context' as defined by biology, social institutions, culture, individual experience, and relationships. In moving forward, they suggest that consideration should be paid to how current operational contexts, collaborative relationships, and learning-knowledge can be united. It will be important to establish an operational leadership initiative to advance an evidence-to-action strategy, including (1) global coordination and dialogue; (2) national engagement; (3) building public-private partnerships; and (4) research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - child welfare KW - child protection KW - children outside of family care KW - government assistance KW - research KW - practice KW - policy KW - ethics KW - capacity development KW - knowledge transfer KW - coordinated action KW - vulnerable children KW - 2012 KW - At Risk Populations KW - Child Care KW - Child Welfare KW - Integrated Services KW - Protective Services KW - Ethics KW - Experimentation KW - Knowledge Transfer KW - Policy Making KW - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-30589-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glover, Jerry D. AU - Reganold, John P. AU - Cox, Cindy M. T1 - Agriculture: Plant perennials to save Africa's soils. JO - Nature JF - Nature Y1 - 2012/09/20/ VL - 489 IS - 7416 M3 - Article SP - 359 EP - 361 PB - Nature Publishing Group SN - 00280836 AB - The authors comment on integrating perennials with food crops which can increase staple yields and restore the health of the soil. The authors say that Rhoda Mang'yana farm in Malawi produces corn more than what they can eat, so she sells the extra corn and some were fed to goats and pigs. They state that when Mang'yana acquired the farm in 1990, the soil degradation restricted its annual yield. They add that she started growing perennial pigeon peas and groundnuts to improve the soil. KW - FOOD crops KW - SOILS KW - HEALTH KW - PERENNIALS KW - SOIL degradation KW - CORN KW - SWINE -- Feeding & feeds KW - MALAWI KW - MANG'YANA, Rhoda N1 - Accession Number: 80379915; Glover, Jerry D. 1 Reganold, John P. 2 Cox, Cindy M. 3; Affiliation: 1: USAID Bureau for Food Security, Washington DC 20523, USA. 2: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA. 3: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC 20006, USA.; Source Info: 9/20/2012, Vol. 489 Issue 7416, p359; Subject Term: FOOD crops; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: HEALTH; Subject Term: PERENNIALS; Subject Term: SOIL degradation; Subject Term: CORN; Subject Term: SWINE -- Feeding & feeds; Subject Term: MALAWI; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111150 Corn Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 311119 Other Animal Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112210 Hog and Pig Farming; People: MANG'YANA, Rhoda; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1038/489359a UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80379915&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - PEPFAR and Adult Mortality. JO - JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association JF - JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association Y1 - 2012/09/12/ VL - 308 IS - 10 M3 - Letter SP - 972 EP - 972 SN - 00987484 AB - A letter to the editor in response to the article "HIV development assistance and adult mortality in Africa," by E. Bendavid, C.B. Holmes, J. Bhattacharya, G. Miller in previous issue of the journal and response made by the authors with reference to the letter are also presented. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - HIV infections KW - MORTALITY N1 - Accession Number: 79813761; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; Source Info: 9/12/2012, Vol. 308 Issue 10, p972; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: MORTALITY; Number of Pages: 8/9p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79813761&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baggaley, R. AU - Hensen, B. AU - Ajose, O. AU - Grabbe, K. L. AU - Wong, V. J. AU - Schilsky, A. AU - Lo, Y.-R. AU - Lule, F. AU - Granich, R. AU - Hargreaves, J. T1 - From caution to urgency: the evolution of HIV testing and counselling in Africa. T2 - De la cautela a la urgencia: La evolución de las pruebas de detección del VIH y el asesoramiento en África. T2 - De la prudence à l'urgence: l'évolution des activités de conseil et de dépistage du VIH en Afrique. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2012/09// VL - 90 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 652 EP - 660 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective To describe recent changes in policy on provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in African countries and to investigate patients' experiences of and views about PITC. Methods A review of the published literature and of national HIV testing policies, strategic frameworks, plans and other relevant documents was carried out. Findings Of the African countries reviewed, 42 (79.2%) had adopted a PITC policy. Of the 42, all recommended PITC for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, 66.7% recommended it for tuberculosis clinics and patients, and 45.2% for sexually transmitted infection clinics. Moreover, 43.6% adopted PITC in 2005 or 2006. The literature search identified 11 studies on patients' experiences of and views about PITC in clinical settings in Africa. The clear majority regarded PITC as acceptable. However, women in antenatal clinics were not always aware that they had the right to decline an HIV test. Conclusion Policy and practice on HIV testing and counselling in Africa has shifted from a cautious approach that emphasizes confidentiality to greater acceptance of the routine offer of HIV testing. The introduction of PITC in clinical settings has contributed to increased HIV testing in several of these settings. Most patients regard PITC as acceptable. However, other approaches are needed to reach people who do not consult health-care services. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo Describir los cambios recientes en la estrategia sobre la realización de pruebas de detección del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y el asesoramiento emprendidos por los proveedores (PITC) en países africanos e investigar las experiencias de los pacientes y sus opiniones acerca de la PITC. Metodos Se llevó a cabo un examen de las publicaciones y de estrategias de detección del VIH nacionales, convenios estratégicos, planes y otros documentos importantes. Resultados De los países africanos examinados, 42 (79,2%) había adoptado la estrategia PITC. De esos 42, todos recomendaban la PITC para prevenir la transmisión maternoinfantil del VIH, el 66,7% la recomendaba a las clínicas y pacientes con tuberculosis y el 42,5% a las clínicas de tratamiento de infecciones de transmisión sexual. Además, el 43,6% adoptó la PITC en el año 2005 o 2006. La búsqueda bibliográfica identificó 11 estudios sobre las experiencias de los pacientes y sus opiniones acerca de la PITC en entornos clínicos de África. Una mayoría clara consideró la PICT aceptable. Sin embargo, las mujeres en las clínicas de atención prenatal no siempre fueron conscientes de que tenían el derecho a rechazar las pruebas de detección del VIH. Conclusion La estrategia y práctica de las pruebas de detección del VIH y el asesoramiento en África han cambiado desde un enfoque cauteloso que enfatiza la confidencialidad a una mayor aceptación de la oferta sistemática de pruebas de detección del VIH. La introducción de la PITC en los entornos clínicos ha contribuido a incrementar el número de pruebas de detección del VIH en muchos de esos entornos. La mayoría de pacientes considera la PTIC aceptable. No obstante, se necesitan otros enfoques para llegar a aquellas personas que no acuden a los servicios sanitarios. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif Décrire les changements récents dans la politique d'activités de conseil et de dépistage à l'initiative du fournisseur (PITC), du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) dans les pays africains, et enquêter sur les expériences et opinions des patients relatives à la PITC. Methodes Les publications, ainsi que les politiques nationales, les cadres stratégiques, les plans et autres documents pertinents relatifs au dépistage du VIH ont été étudiés. Resultats Sur les pays africains passés en revue, 42 d'entre eux (79.2%) avaient adopté une PITC. Sur ces 42 pays, tous recommandaient la PITC pour la prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH, 66,7% pour les cliniques soignant la tuberculose et les patients affectés par cette maladie, et 45,2%, pour les cliniques soignant les infections sexuellement transmissibles. En outre, 43,6% des pays avaient adopté la PITC en 2005 ou 2006. L'examen des publications a permis d'identifier 11 études sur les expériences des patients et leur opinion relatives à la PITC dans les environnements cliniques en Afrique. La grande majorité considérait la PITC comme étant acceptable. Cependant, les femmes en consultations prénatales n'étaient pas toujours conscientes du fait qu'elles avaient le droit de refuser un dépistage du VIH. Conclusion La politique et la pratique relatives aux activités de conseil et de dépistage du VIH en Afrique sont passées d'une approche prudente, mettant l'accent sur la confidentialité, à une plus grande acceptation de l'offre systématique de dépistage du VIH. L'introduction de la PITC dans les milieux cliniques a contribué à augmenter le dépistage du VIH dans plusieurs de ces environnements. La plupart des patients considèrent la PITC comme étant acceptable. Toutefois, d'autres approches sont nécessaires pour atteindre les personnes qui ne font pas appel aux services de santé. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Diagnosis KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) KW - PREVENTION KW - COUNSELING KW - INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Medicine KW - INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Psychology KW - MEDICAL policy KW - MEDICAL screening KW - MEDLINE KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases KW - HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy KW - PATIENTS -- Attitudes KW - AFRICA N1 - Accession Number: 80333205; Baggaley, R. 1 Hensen, B. 2; Email Address: bernadette.hensen@lshtm.ac.uk Ajose, O. 3 Grabbe, K. L. 4 Wong, V. J. 5 Schilsky, A. 4 Lo, Y.-R. 1 Lule, F. 6 Granich, R. 1 Hargreaves, J. 2; Affiliation: 1: HIV/AIDS Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 2: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England 3: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania 4: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America (USA). 5: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, USA 6: Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 90 Issue 9, p652; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Transmission; Subject Term: VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases); Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: COUNSELING; Subject Term: INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Medicine; Subject Term: INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Psychology; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: MEDICAL screening; Subject Term: MEDLINE; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases; Subject Term: HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; Subject Term: PATIENTS -- Attitudes; Subject Term: AFRICA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621999 All Other Miscellaneous Ambulatory Health Care Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.11.100818 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80333205&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Konings, Elke AU - Ambaw, Yirga AU - Dilley, Katherine AU - Gichangi, Peter AU - Arega, Tesfaye AU - Crandall, Bud T1 - Implications of adopting new WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy initiation in Ethiopia. T2 - Consecuencias de la adopcion de las nuevas directrices de la OMS para el inicio de la terapia antirretroviral en Etiopia. T2 - Implications de l'adoption de nouvelles directives de l'OMS pour le lancement du traitement antiretroviral en Ethiopie. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2012/09// VL - 90 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 659 EP - 663 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective To assess the implications of implementing the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 guidelines for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in adults and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which recommend initiating ART at a CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4+) threshold of ≤ 350 cells/mm3 instead of ≤ 200 cells/mm3, which was the earlier threshold. Methods Between April and May 2010, CD4+ test results were collected for all HIV-infected patients recorded in the pre-ART and ART registers of 19 high-patient-load health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the regions of Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region) and Tigray. At 12 centres patient records were independently reviewed to assess data accuracy. To estimate the total number of patients who would need ART at health centres if Ethiopia adopted the new WHO guidelines, the number of patients needing ART based on current guidelines were added to the number of asymptomatic patients enrolled in pre-ART with a CD4+ count > 200 but ≤ 350 cells/mm3 Findings Adoption of the new WHO guidelines would increase the total number of patients on ART in the 19 health centres in Ethiopia by about 30%: from 3583 to 4640. Conclusion The shift in the CD4+ threshold for ART initiation will substantially increase the demand for ART in Ethiopia. Since under the current systems only 60% of Ethiopia's patients in need of ART are receiving the medications, scaling up ART programmes to accommodate the increased demand for drugs will not be possible unless government funding and support increase concurrently. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo Evaluar las consecuencias de la implementacion de las directrices de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de 2010 para el inicio de la terapia antirretroviral (TAR) en adultos y adolescentes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), que recomiendan comenzar la TAR con un umbral de linfocitos CD4+ T (CS4+) igual o superior a 350 celulas/mm3 en lugar del umbral igual o superior a 200 celulas/mm3 empleado anteriormente. Metodos Entre abril y mayo de 2010, se recopilaron los resultados de las pruebas de CD4+ de todos los pacientes infectados por el VIH registrados en los archivos pre-TAR y TAR de 19 centros de salud con un volumen alto de pacientes en Addis Abeba, Etiopia y las regiones de Amara, Oromia, SNNPR (Naciones, Nacionalidades y Pueblos del Sur) y Tigray. En 12 centros, se examinaron de manera independiente los archivos de los pacientes para evaluar la exactitud de los datos. Para calcular el numero total de pacientes que necesitarian una TAR en los centros de salud si Etiopia adoptara las nuevas directrices de la OMS, se sumo el numero de pacientes que necesitan una TAR en base a las directrices actuales al numero de pacientes asintomaticos inscritos en la pre-TAR con un recuento de CD4+ superior a 200 pero igual o inferior a 350 celulas/mm3. Resultados La adopcion de las nuevas directrices de la OMS aumentaria el numero total de pacientes en TAR en los 19 centros de salud de Etiopia en torno a un 30%: de 3583 a 4640. Conclusion El cambio en el umbral de CD4+ para comenzar la TAR aumentara de manera considerable la demanda de TAR en Etiopia. Dado que con los sistemas actuales solo el 60% de los pacientes en Etiopia que necesitan una TAR recibe la medicacion, el aumento de los programas de TAR para satisfacer la demanda mayor de medicamentos no sera posible a menos que tambien aumenten el apoyo y la financiacion gubernamental al mismo tiempo. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif Evaluer les implications de la mise en oeuvre des directives 2010 de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS) relatives au lancement du traitement antiretroviral (TAR) chez les adultes et adolescents infectes par le virus d'immunodeficience humaine (VIH), qui recommandent de debuter le TAR a un seuil de lymphocytes T CD4+ (CD4+) ≤ a 350 cellules/mm3 au lieu de ≤ 200 cellules/mm3, qui etait l'ancien seuil. Methodes Entre avril et mai 2010, les resultats de tests de CD4+ ont ete recueillis chez tous les patients infectes par le VIH, enregistres dans les registres pre-ART et ART de 19 centres de sante comptant un grand nombre de patients, a Addis-Abeba, en Ethiopie, et dans les regions d'Amhara, d'Oromia, la SNNPR (Region des nations, nationalites et peuples du Sud) et le Tigray. Dans 12 centres, les dossiers des patients ont ete examines de maniere independante afin d'evaluer l'exactitude des donnees. Pour estimer le nombre total de patients necessitant un TAR dans les centres de sante si l'Ethiopie adoptait les nouvelles directives de l'OMS, le nombre de patients necessitant un TAR sur la base des directives actuelles a ete ajoute au nombre de patients asymptomatiques inscrits dans le pre-TAR avec un nombre des CD4+ > 200 cellules/mm3, mais ≤ 350 cellules/mm3. Resultats L'adoption des nouvelles directives de l'OMS augmenterait d'environ 30% le nombre total de patients sous TAR dans les 19 centres de sante en Ethiopie, le faisant passer de de 3 583 a 4 640. Conclusion Le changement du seuil de CD4+ au lancement du TAR augmentera considerablement la demande de TAR en Ethiopie. Etant donne que seuls 60% des patients ethiopiens necessitant un TAR recoivent leurs medicaments, dans le cadre des systemes actuels, la mise a niveau des programmes de TAR pour repondre a la demande accrue de medicaments ne sera pas possible, a moins d'un financement gouvernemental et d'un accroissement simultane de l'aide. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Epidemiology KW - HIV infections KW - MEDICAL protocols KW - CD4 antigen KW - HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy KW - HUMAN services programs KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - MEDICAL records KW - RESEARCH KW - ETHIOPIA KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 80293193; Konings, Elke 1; Email Address: ekonings@msh.org Ambaw, Yirga 2 Dilley, Katherine 1 Gichangi, Peter 2 Arega, Tesfaye 1 Crandall, Bud 1; Affiliation: 1: Management Sciences for Health, 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 01230, United States of America 2: United States Agency for International Development Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 90 Issue 9, p659; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Epidemiology; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: MEDICAL protocols; Subject Term: CD4 antigen; Subject Term: HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; Subject Term: HUMAN services programs; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: MEDICAL records; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ETHIOPIA; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.11.089599 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80293193&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104420024 T1 - From caution to urgency: the evolution of HIV testing and counselling in Africa. AU - Baggaley, R. AU - Hensen, B. AU - Ajose, O. AU - Grabbe, K. L. AU - Wong, V. J. AU - Schilsky, A. AU - Lo, Y.-R. AU - Lule, F. AU - Granich, R. AU - Hargreaves, J. Y1 - 2012/09// N1 - Accession Number: 104420024. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120928. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; systematic review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice; Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Health Screening KW - HIV Infections -- Diagnosis KW - Counseling KW - Health Policy KW - Human KW - Africa KW - Systematic Review KW - Medline KW - Embase KW - Psycinfo KW - Reference Databases KW - Disease Transmission, Vertical -- Prevention and Control KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Female KW - Infant KW - Patient Attitudes KW - Pregnancy KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active SP - 652 EP - 660 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 90 IS - 9 PB - World Health Organization AB - Objective To describe recent changes in policy on provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in African countries and to investigate patients' experiences of and views about PITC. Methods A review of the published literature and of national HIV testing policies, strategic frameworks, plans and other relevant documents was carried out. Findings Of the African countries reviewed, 42 (79.2%) had adopted a PITC policy. Of the 42, all recommended PITC for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, 66.7% recommended it for tuberculosis clinics and patients, and 45.2% for sexually transmitted infection clinics. Moreover, 43.6% adopted PITC in 2005 or 2006. The literature search identified 11 studies on patients' experiences of and views about PITC in clinical settings in Africa. The clear majority regarded PITC as acceptable. However, women in antenatal clinics were not always aware that they had the right to decline an HIV test. Conclusion Policy and practice on HIV testing and counselling in Africa has shifted from a cautious approach that emphasizes confidentiality to greater acceptance of the routine offer of HIV testing. The introduction of PITC in clinical settings has contributed to increased HIV testing in several of these settings. Most patients regard PITC as acceptable. However, other approaches are needed to reach people who do not consult health-care services. SN - 0042-9686 AD - HIV/AIDS Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England AD - Clinton Health Access Initiative, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania AD - Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America (USA). AD - Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, USA AD - Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo U2 - PMID: 22984309. DO - 10.2471/BLT.11.100818 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104420024&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104420017 T1 - Implications of adopting new WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy initiation in Ethiopia. AU - Konings, Elke AU - Ambaw, Yirga AU - Dilley, Katherine AU - Gichangi, Peter AU - Arega, Tesfaye AU - Crandall, Bud Y1 - 2012/09// N1 - Accession Number: 104420017. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120928. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Program Implementation KW - Practice Guidelines KW - Guideline Adherence KW - HIV Infections -- Drug Therapy KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - Human KW - Ethiopia KW - Record Review KW - World Health Organization KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology -- Ethiopia KW - Prevalence KW - Male KW - Female KW - Antigens, CD4 -- Analysis KW - Adult SP - 659 EP - 663 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 90 IS - 9 PB - World Health Organization AB - Objective To assess the implications of implementing the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 guidelines for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in adults and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which recommend initiating ART at a CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4+) threshold of ≤ 350 cells/mm3 instead of ≤ 200 cells/mm3, which was the earlier threshold. Methods Between April and May 2010, CD4+ test results were collected for all HIV-infected patients recorded in the pre-ART and ART registers of 19 high-patient-load health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the regions of Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region) and Tigray. At 12 centres patient records were independently reviewed to assess data accuracy. To estimate the total number of patients who would need ART at health centres if Ethiopia adopted the new WHO guidelines, the number of patients needing ART based on current guidelines were added to the number of asymptomatic patients enrolled in pre-ART with a CD4+ count > 200 but ≤ 350 cells/mm3 Findings Adoption of the new WHO guidelines would increase the total number of patients on ART in the 19 health centres in Ethiopia by about 30%: from 3583 to 4640. Conclusion The shift in the CD4+ threshold for ART initiation will substantially increase the demand for ART in Ethiopia. Since under the current systems only 60% of Ethiopia's patients in need of ART are receiving the medications, scaling up ART programmes to accommodate the increased demand for drugs will not be possible unless government funding and support increase concurrently. SN - 0042-9686 AD - Management Sciences for Health, 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 01230, United States of America AD - United States Agency for International Development Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia U2 - PMID: 22984310. DO - 10.2471/BLT.11.089599 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104420017&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Low, Andrea AU - Evering, Teresa AU - Karmon, Sharon AU - Davis, Brandi AU - Figueroa, Amir AU - LaMar, Melissa AU - Garmon, Donald AU - Mehandru, Saurabh AU - Markowitz, Martin T1 - Transmitted Drug Resistance and Phylogenetic Relationships Among Acute and Early HIV-1-Infected Individuals in New York City. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2012/09//9/1/2012 VL - 61 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 SN - 15254135 AB - Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is critical to managing HIV-1-infected individuals and being a public health concern. We report on TDR prevalence and include analyses of phylogenetic clustering of HIV-1 in a predominantly men who have sex with men cohort diagnosed during acute/recent HIV-1 infection in New York City.Genotypic resistance testing was conducted on plasma samples of 600 individuals with acute/recent HIV-1 infection (1995-2010). Sequences were used for resistance and phylogenetic analyses. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical records. TDR was defined according to International AIDS Society-USA and Stanford HIV database guidelines. Phylogenetic and other analyses were conducted using PAUP∗4.0 and SAS, respectively.The mean duration since HIV-1 infection was 66.5 days. TDR prevalence was 14.3% and stably ranged between 10.8% and 21.6% (Ptrend = 0.42). Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance declined from 15.5% to 2.7% over the study period (Ptrend = 0.005). M41L (3.7%), T215Y (4.0%), and K103N/S (4.7%) were the most common mutations. K103N/S prevalence increased from 1.9% to 8.0% between 1995 and 2010 (Ptrend = 0.04). Using a rigorous definition of clustering, 19.3% (112 of 581) of subtype B viral sequences cosegregated into transmission clusters and clusters increased over time. There were fewer and smaller transmission clusters than had been reported in a similar cohort in Montreal but similar to reports from elsewhere.TDR is stable in this cohort and remains a significant concern to both individual patient management and the public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - acute infection KW - HIV-1 KW - MSM KW - NYC KW - phylogenetic analysis KW - TDR KW - transmitted drug resistance N1 - Accession Number: 111806696; Castor, Delivette 1 Low, Andrea 1 Evering, Teresa 1 Karmon, Sharon 1 Davis, Brandi 1 Figueroa, Amir 1 LaMar, Melissa 1 Garmon, Donald 1 Mehandru, Saurabh 1 Markowitz, Martin 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY † United States Agency for International Development, Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC ‡ Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom § Department of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.; Source Info: 9/1/2012, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p1; Author-Supplied Keyword: acute infection; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSM; Author-Supplied Keyword: NYC; Author-Supplied Keyword: phylogenetic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: TDR; Author-Supplied Keyword: transmitted drug resistance; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5119 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825a289b UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111806696&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 108144726 T1 - Expanding the reach of breakthroughs. AU - Shah R Y1 - 2012/08/18/ N1 - Accession Number: 108144726. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120928. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Developing Countries KW - Diffusion of Innovation KW - World Health KW - Infection Control -- Methods KW - International Relations SP - 632 EP - 634 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 380 North American Edition IS - 9842 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. rshah@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 21724245. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=108144726&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marum, Elizabeth AU - Taegtmeyer, Miriam AU - Parekh, Bharat AU - Mugo, Nelly AU - Lembariti, Salama AU - Phiri, Mannasseh AU - Moore, Jan AU - Cheng, Alison S. T1 - “What Took You So Long?” The Impact of PEPFAR on the Expansion of HIV Testing and Counseling Services in Africa. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2012/08/16/8/15/2012 Supplement 3 VL - 60 M3 - Article SP - S63 EP - S69 SN - 15254135 AB - HIV testing and counseling services in Africa began in the early 1990s, with limited availability and coverage. Fears of stigma and discrimination, complex laboratory systems, and lack of available care and treatment services hampered expansion. Use of rapid point-of-care tests, introduction of services to prevent mother-to-child transmission, and increasing provision of antiretroviral drugs were key events in the late 1990s and early 2000s that facilitated the expansion of HIV testing and counseling services. Innovations in service delivery included providing HIV testing in both clinical and community sites, including mobile and home testing. Promotional campaigns were conducted in many countries, and evolutions in policies and guidance facilitated expansion and uptake. Support from President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and national governments, other donors, and the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria contributed to significant increases in the numbers of persons tested in many countries. Quality of both testing and counseling, limited number of health care workers, uptake by couples, and effectiveness of linkages and referral systems remain challenges. Expansion of antiretroviral treatment, especially in light of the evidence that treatment contributes to prevention of transmission, will require greater yet strategic coverage of testing services, especially in clinical settings and in combination with other high-impact HIV prevention strategies. Continued support from President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, governments, and other donors is required for the expansion of testing needed to achieve international targets for the scale-up of treatment and universal access to knowledge of HIV status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - counseling KW - HIV KW - PEPFAR KW - testing N1 - Accession Number: 111806723; Marum, Elizabeth 1 Taegtmeyer, Miriam 1 Parekh, Bharat 1 Mugo, Nelly 1 Lembariti, Salama 1 Phiri, Mannasseh 1 Moore, Jan 1 Cheng, Alison S. 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ Division of Global HIV and AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Lusaka, Zambia † Clinical Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom ‡ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya § Tanzania AIDS Prevention Project, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ‖ Society for Family Health, Lusaka, Zambia ¶ United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC.; Source Info: 8/15/2012 Supplement 3, Vol. 60, pS63; Author-Supplied Keyword: counseling; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEPFAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: testing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5186 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825f313b UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111806723&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ryan, Caroline A. AU - Conly, Shanti R. AU - Stanton, David L. AU - Hasen, Nina S. T1 - Prevention of Sexually Transmitted HIV Infections Through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2012/08/16/8/15/2012 Supplement 3 VL - 60 M3 - Article SP - S70 EP - S77 SN - 15254135 AB - HIV prevention in the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) began when both data on HIV prevalence and the toolbox of interventions for prevention of sexual transmission were relatively limited. PEPFAR's early focus was on scaling-up information, education, and communication programs that included messaging on abstinence for youth and faithfulness primarily through nongovernmental organizations, including faith-based organizations. Additional activities included condom promotion, distribution, and social marketing. In epidemics concentrated within key populations, PEPFAR's prevention efforts focused on a minimum package of services including outreach, information, education, and communication programs, STI treatment (where appropriate), and condom promotion and distribution. As more epidemiological data became available and with experience gleaned in these early efforts, the need for tailored and flexible approaches became evident. The next iteration of prevention efforts still emphasized behavioral interventions, but incorporated a sharper focus on key epidemic drivers, especially multiple partners; a data-driven emphasis on high transmission areas and populations, including prevention with people living with HIV; and a more strategic and coordinated approach at the national level. Recently, the paradigm for prevention efforts has shifted yet again. Evidence that biomedical interventions such as male circumcision, treatment for prevention of vertical and horizontal transmission, and treatment itself could lead to declines in incidence has refocused PEPFAR's prevention portfolio. New guidance on sexually transmitted HIV focuses on combination prevention, emphasizing biomedical, behavioral and structural approaches. Landmark speeches by the President and the Secretary of State and new ambitious targets for PEPFAR point toward a new goal: an AIDS-free generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PEPFAR KW - prevention N1 - Accession Number: 111806724; Ryan, Caroline A. 1 Conly, Shanti R. 1 Stanton, David L. 1 Hasen, Nina S. 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator, Department of State, Washington, DC † Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC.; Source Info: 8/15/2012 Supplement 3, Vol. 60, pS70; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEPFAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: prevention; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5622 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825e3149 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111806724&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chi, Benjamin H. AU - Adler, Michelle R. AU - Bolu, Omotayo AU - Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy AU - Ekouevi, Didier K. AU - Gieselman, Anna AU - Chipato, Tsungai AU - Luo, Chewe AU - Phelps, B. Ryan AU - McClure, Craig AU - Mofenson, Lynne M. AU - Stringer, Jeffrey S. A. T1 - Progress, Challenges, and New Opportunities for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Under the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2012/08/16/8/15/2012 Supplement 3 VL - 60 M3 - Article SP - S78 EP - S87 SN - 15254135 AB - In June 2011, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and other collaborators outlined a transformative plan to virtually eliminate pediatric AIDS worldwide. The ambitious targets of this initiative included a 90% reduction in new pediatric HIV infections and a 50% reduction in HIV-related maternal mortality—all by 2015. PEPFAR has made an unprecedented commitment to the expansion and improvement of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services globally and is expected to play a critical role in reaching the virtual elimination target. To date, PEPFAR has been instrumental in the success of many national programs, including expanded coverage of PMTCT services, an enhanced continuum of care between PMTCT and HIV care and treatment, provision of more efficacious regimens for antiretroviral prophylaxis, design of innovative but simplified PMTCT approaches, and development of new strategies to evaluate program effectiveness. These accomplishments have been made through collaborative efforts with host governments, United Nations agencies, other donors (eg, the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria), nongovernmental organizations, and private sector partners. To successfully meet the ambitious global targets to prevent new infant HIV infections, PEPFAR must continue to leverage the existing PMTCT platform, while developing innovative approaches to rapidly expand quality HIV services. PEPFAR must also carefully integrate PMTCT into the broader combination prevention agenda for HIV, so that real progress can be made toward an “AIDS-free generation” worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - global response KW - HIV KW - PEPFAR KW - PMTCT KW - prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission N1 - Accession Number: 111806725; Chi, Benjamin H. 1 Adler, Michelle R. 1 Bolu, Omotayo 1 Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy 1 Ekouevi, Didier K. 1 Gieselman, Anna 1 Chipato, Tsungai 1 Luo, Chewe 1 Phelps, B. Ryan 1 McClure, Craig 1 Mofenson, Lynne M. 1 Stringer, Jeffrey S. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia † University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC ‡ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA § Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC ‖ UNICEF, Johannesburg, South Africa ¶ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France # Programme PAC-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire ∗∗ University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe †† UNICEF, New York, NY ‡‡ United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC §§ Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD.; Source Info: 8/15/2012 Supplement 3, Vol. 60, pS78; Author-Supplied Keyword: global response; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEPFAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMTCT; Author-Supplied Keyword: prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7204 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825f3284 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111806725&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Palen, John AU - El-Sadr, Wafaa AU - Phoya, Ann AU - Imtiaz, Rubina AU - Einterz, Robert AU - Quain, Estelle AU - Blandford, John AU - Bouey, Paul AU - Lion, Ann T1 - PEPFAR, Health System Strengthening, and Promoting Sustainability and Country Ownership. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2012/08/16/8/15/2012 Supplement 3 VL - 60 M3 - Article SP - S113 EP - S119 SN - 15254135 AB - Evidence demonstrates that scale-up of HIV services has produced stronger health systems and, conversely, that stronger health systems were critical to the success of the HIV scale-up. Increased access to and effectiveness of HIV treatment and care programs, attention to long-term sustainability, and recognition of the importance of national governance, and country ownership of HIV programs have resulted in an increased focus on structures that compromise the broader health system. Based on a review published literature and expert opinion, the article proposes 4 key health systems strengthening issues as a means to promote sustainability and country ownership of President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and other global health initiatives. First, development partners need provide capacity building support and to recognize and align resources with national government health strategies and operational plans. Second, investments in human capital, particularly human resources for health, need to be guided by national institutions and supported to ensure the training and retention of skilled, qualified, and relevant health care providers. Third, a range of financing strategies, both new resources and improved efficiencies, need to be pursued as a means to create more fiscal space to ensure sustainable and self-reliant systems. Finally, service delivery models must adjust to recent advancements in areas of HIV prevention and treatment and aim to establish evidence-based delivery models to reduce HIV transmission rates and the overall burden of disease. The article concludes that there needs to be ongoing efforts to identify and implement strategic health systems strengthening interventions and address the inherent tension and debate over investments in health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - country ownership KW - health system strengthening KW - HIV/AIDS KW - PEPFAR KW - sustainability N1 - Accession Number: 111806729; Palen, John 1 El-Sadr, Wafaa 1 Phoya, Ann 1 Imtiaz, Rubina 1 Einterz, Robert 1 Quain, Estelle 1 Blandford, John 1 Bouey, Paul 1 Lion, Ann 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ International Health Department, Abt Associates, Inc, Bethesda, MD † ICAP Columbia University/Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY ‡ Department of Planning and Policy Development, Ministry of Health Malawi, Malawi § Division of Global HIV/AIDS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA ‖ Center for Global Health, Indiana University Center for Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN ¶ Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC # Division of Global HIV/AIDS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA ∗∗ Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator, US Department of State, Washington, DC.; Source Info: 8/15/2012 Supplement 3, Vol. 60, pS113; Author-Supplied Keyword: country ownership; Author-Supplied Keyword: health system strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV/AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEPFAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: sustainability; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5287 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825d28d7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111806729&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kwan, A. J. AU - Chan, A. W. H. AU - Ng, N. L. AU - Kjaergaard, H. G. AU - Seinfeld, J. H. AU - Wennberg, P. O. T1 - Peroxy radical chemistry and OH radical production during the NO3-initiated oxidation of isoprene. JO - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics JF - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Y1 - 2012/08/15/ VL - 12 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 7499 EP - 7515 PB - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH SN - 16807316 AB - Peroxy radical reactions (RO2+RO2) from the NO3-initiated oxidation of isoprene are studied with both gas chromatography and a chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique that allows for more specific speciation of products than in previous studies of this system. We find high nitrate yields (~80%), consistent with other studies. We further see evidence of significant hydroxyl radical (OH) formation in this system, which we propose comes from RO2 + HO2reactions with a yield of ~38-58%. An additional OH source is the second generation oxidation of the nitrooxyhydroperoxide, which produces OH and a dinitrooxyepoxide with a yield of ~3 5%. The branching ratio of the radical propagating, carbonyl- and alcohol-forming, organic peroxide-forming channels of the RO2+RO2 reaction are found to be ~18-38%, ~59-77%, -3-4%, respectively. HO2formation in this system is lower than has been previously assumed. Addition of RO2 to isoprene is suggested as a possible route to the formation of several isoprene C10-organic peroxide compounds (ROOR). The nitrooxy, allylic, and C5 peroxy radicals present in this system exhibit different behavior than the limited suite of peroxy radicals that have been studied to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Oxidation KW - Gas chromatography KW - Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects KW - Peroxy radicals KW - Isoprene KW - Hydroxyl group KW - Chemical ionization mass spectrometry KW - Chemical reactions N1 - Accession Number: 82516288; Kwan, A. J. 1,2,3; Email Address: alan.j.kwan@gmail.com; Chan, A. W. H. 4,5; Ng, N. L. 4,6; Kjaergaard, H. G. 7; Seinfeld, J. H. 1,4; Wennberg, P. O. 1,8; Affiliations: 1: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 2: * Energy Storage Division, NEXT ENERGY EWE-Forschungszentrum für Energietechnologie e.V., 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, 20523 USA; 4: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 5: Department of Environmental Science, Policy, Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 6: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 303, USA; 7: Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; 8: Division of Geology and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 16, p7499; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Gas chromatography; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Peroxy radicals; Subject Term: Isoprene; Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; Subject Term: Chemical ionization mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Chemical reactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.5194/acp-12-7499-2012 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=82516288&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - GEN AU - Lynch, Michael AU - Korenromp, Eline AU - Eisele, Thorn AU - Newby, Holly AU - Steketee, Rick AU - Kachur, S. Patrick AU - Nahlen, Bernard AU - Yoon, Steven AU - MacArthur, John AU - Newman, Robert AU - Cibulskis, Richard AU - White, N. J. AU - Dondorp, A. M. AU - Faiz, A. AU - Mishra, S. AU - Hien, T. T. AU - Shah, Naman K. AU - Kumar, Ashwani AU - Valecha, Neena AU - Bates, Matthew T1 - New global estimates of malaria deaths. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2012/08/11/ VL - 380 IS - 9841 M3 - Letter SP - 559 EP - 561 SN - 00995355 AB - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to article "Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis" by C. J. L. Murray, L. C. Rosenfeld and S. S. Lim in February 4, 2012 issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - MALARIA KW - MURRAY, C. J. L. N1 - Accession Number: 78561902; Lynch, Michael 1; Email Address: lynchm@who.int Korenromp, Eline 2 Eisele, Thorn 3 Newby, Holly 4 Steketee, Rick 5 Kachur, S. Patrick 6 Nahlen, Bernard 7 Yoon, Steven 6 MacArthur, John 6 Newman, Robert 1 Cibulskis, Richard 1 White, N. J. 8; Email Address: nickw@tropmedres.ac Dondorp, A. M. 8 Faiz, A. 9 Mishra, S. 10 Hien, T. T. 11 Shah, Naman K. 12; Email Address: namankshah@gmail.com Kumar, Ashwani 12 Valecha, Neena 12 Bates, Matthew 13,14; Email Address: m.bates@ucl.ac.uk; Affiliation: 1: WHO, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland 2: Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland 3: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA 4: UN International Children's Emergency Fund, New York, NY, USA 5: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Seattle, WA, USA 6: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 7: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 8: Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty ofTropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok IO4OO,Thailand 9: Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh 10: Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Orissa, India 11: Hospital forTropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 12: National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi 110077, India 13: University of Zambia and University College London Medical School, Research andTrainlng Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 14: Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London Medical School, London, UK; Source Info: 8/11/2012, Vol. 380 Issue 9841, p559; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: MALARIA; People: MURRAY, C. J. L.; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78561902&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Short Fabic, Madeleine AU - YoonJoung Choi AU - Bird, Sandra T1 - A systematic review of Demographic and Health Surveys: data availability and utilization for research. T2 - Revisión sistemática de las encuestas demográficas y de salud: disponibilidad de los datos y su uso en investigaciones. T2 - Revue systématique des enquêtes démographiques et de santé: disponibilité et utilisation des données pour la recherche. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2012/08// VL - 90 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 604 EP - 612 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective To systematically review the public health literature to assess trends in the use of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for research from 1984 to 2010 and to describe the relationship between data availability and data utilization. Methods The MEASURE DHS web site was searched for information on all population-based surveys completed under the DHS project between 1984 and 2010. The information collected included the country, type of survey, survey design, fieldwork period and certain special features, such as inclusion of biomarkers. A search of PubMed was also conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published during 2010 that analysed DHS data and included an English-language abstract. Trends in data availability and in the use of DHS data for research were assessed through descriptive, graphical and bivariate linear regression analyses. Findings In total, 236 household surveys under the DHS project were completed across 84 countries during 2010. The number of surveys per year has remained constant, although the scope of the survey questions has expanded. The inclusion criteria were met by 1117 peer-reviewed publications. The number of publications has increased progressively over the last quarter century, with an average annual increment of 4.3 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.2-5.3) publications. Trends in the number of peer-reviewed publications based on the use of DHS data were highly correlated with trends in funding for health by the Government of the United States of America and globally. Conclusion Published peer-reviewed articles analysing DHS data, which have increased progressively in number over the last quarter century, have made a substantial contribution to the public health evidence base in developing countries. INSET: Box 1. Search terms used to conduct systematic review of.... (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo Revisar de forma sistemática la bibliografía sobre salud pública para evaluar las tendencias en el uso de los datos de la Encuesta demográfica y de salud (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) en investigaciones desde 1984 hasta 2010 y describir la relación entre la disponibilidad y el uso de los datos. Métodos Se examinó la página web MEASURE DHS en busca de información acerca de todas las encuestas demográficas completadas dentro del proyecto DHS entre 1984 y 2010. La información recogida incluyó el país, el tipo de encuesta, el diseño de la encuesta, el periodo de trabajo de campo así como ciertas características especiales tales como la inclusión de biomarcadores. También se examinó PubMed con objeto de identificar los artículos revisados por especialistas externos y publicados a lo largo de 2010 que analizaran datos de DHS e incluyeran un resumen en inglés. Se evaluaron las tendencias en la disponibilidad y en el uso de datos de DHS en investigaciones a través de análisis de regresión lineal descriptivos, gráficos y bivariados Resultados En total, a lo largo del año 2010 se habían completado 236 encuestas de hogares en 84 países dentro del proyecto DHS. El número de encuestas anuales se ha mantenido constante, si bien se ha ampliado el alcance de las preguntas de las encuestas. De las publicaciones revisadas por especialistas externos, 1117 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El número de publicaciones ha aumentado de manera progresiva durante el último cuarto de siglo, con un aumento medio de 4,3 publicaciones al año (intervalo de confianza, IC, del 95%: 3,2 - 5,3). Las tendencias en el número de publicaciones revisadas por especialistas externos y basadas en el uso de datos de DHS guardaron una considerable correlación con las tendencias en la financiación para la salud del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América y a nivel mundial. Conclusión Los artículos revisados por especialistas externos y publicados que analizan los datos de DHS, cuyo número ha aumentado de manera progresiva durante el último cuarto de siglo, han contribuido considerablemente a la base de datos sobre la salud pública en los países en desarrollo. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif Établir une revue systématique des publications dans le domaine de la santé publique pour évaluer les tendances dans l'utilisation des données de l'Enquête démographique et de santé (Demographic and Health Survey: DHS) pour la recherche de 1984 à 2010, et décrire la relation entre la disponibilité des données et leur utilisation. Méthodes On a consulté le site internet MEASURE DHS pour obtenir des informations sur toutes les enquêtes sur la population, réalisées dans le cadre du projet DHS entre 1984 et 2010. Les données recueillies comprenaient le pays, le type d'enquête, la structure de l'enquête, la période de travail sur le terrain et certains paramètres particuliers, tels que l'inclusion de biomarqueurs. Une recherche sur PubMed a également été menée pour identifier les articles soumis à comité de lecture publiés en 2010, qui analysaient les données DHS et comprenaient un résumé en langue anglaise. Les tendances de la disponibilité des données DHS et de leur utilisation pour la recherche ont été évaluées par le biais d'analyses descriptives, graphiques et de régression linéaire à deux variables. Résultats Au total, 236 enquêtes ont été réalisées auprès des ménages dans le cadre du projet DHS dans 84 pays en 2010. Le nombre d'enquêtes annuel est resté constant, bien que la portée des questions des enquêtes ait été élargie. Les critères d'inclusion ont été repris par 1117 publications à comité de lecture. Le nombre de publications a progressivement augmenté au cours du dernier quart de siècle, avec une augmentation annuelle moyenne de 4,3 publications (intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC : 3,2 à 5,3). Les tendances du nombre de publications évaluées par comité de lecture basées sur l'utilisation des données du DHS étaient fortement corrélées à l'évolution du financement de la santé par le gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique et plus généralement dans le monde. Conclusion Les articles publiés après révision par comité de lecture analysant les données DHS, qui ont progressivement vu leur nombre augmenter au cours du dernier quart de siècle, ont apporté une contribution conséquente à la base de données de santé publique dans les pays en voie de développement. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SURVEYS KW - EVALUATION KW - CONFIDENCE intervals KW - CORRELATION (Statistics) KW - PROBABILITY theory KW - REGRESSION analysis KW - STATISTICS KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - DATA analysis KW - DATA analysis -- Software KW - DESCRIPTIVE statistics N1 - Accession Number: 79195385; Short Fabic, Madeleine 1; Email Address: mshort@usaid.gov YoonJoung Choi 1 Bird, Sandra 1; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, United States of America; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 90 Issue 8, p604; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: CONFIDENCE intervals; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: DATA analysis -- Software; Subject Term: DESCRIPTIVE statistics; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.11.095513 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79195385&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104496563 T1 - A systematic review of Demographic and Health Surveys: data availability and utilization for research. AU - Short Fabic, Madeleine AU - YoonJoung Choi AU - Bird, Sandra Y1 - 2012/08// N1 - Accession Number: 104496563. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120822. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; systematic review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice; Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Surveys -- Evaluation KW - Human KW - Systematic Review KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Linear Regression KW - Data Analysis, Statistical KW - Data Analysis Software KW - P-Value KW - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient SP - 604 EP - 612 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 90 IS - 8 PB - World Health Organization AB - Objective To systematically review the public health literature to assess trends in the use of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for research from 1984 to 2010 and to describe the relationship between data availability and data utilization. Methods The MEASURE DHS web site was searched for information on all population-based surveys completed under the DHS project between 1984 and 2010. The information collected included the country, type of survey, survey design, fieldwork period and certain special features, such as inclusion of biomarkers. A search of PubMed was also conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published during 2010 that analysed DHS data and included an English-language abstract. Trends in data availability and in the use of DHS data for research were assessed through descriptive, graphical and bivariate linear regression analyses. Findings In total, 236 household surveys under the DHS project were completed across 84 countries during 2010. The number of surveys per year has remained constant, although the scope of the survey questions has expanded. The inclusion criteria were met by 1117 peer-reviewed publications. The number of publications has increased progressively over the last quarter century, with an average annual increment of 4.3 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.2-5.3) publications. Trends in the number of peer-reviewed publications based on the use of DHS data were highly correlated with trends in funding for health by the Government of the United States of America and globally. Conclusion Published peer-reviewed articles analysing DHS data, which have increased progressively in number over the last quarter century, have made a substantial contribution to the public health evidence base in developing countries. SN - 0042-9686 AD - Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, United States of America U2 - PMID: 22893744. DO - 10.2471/BLT.11.095513 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104496563&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104436964 T1 - A model for retention and continuity of care and treatment for opioid dependent injection drug users in the Russian Federation. AU - Dmitrieva, Elena AU - Frolov, Sergei A. AU - Kresina, Thomas F. AU - Slater, William Y1 - 2012/08// N1 - Accession Number: 104436964. Language: English. Entry Date: 20121120. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 101537301. KW - Health Services -- Methods -- Russia KW - Substance Use Rehabilitation Programs KW - Narcotics KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Intravenous Drug Users KW - Russia KW - Peer Assistance Programs SP - 457 EP - 463 JO - Health (1949-4998) JF - Health (1949-4998) JA - HEALTH (1949-4998) VL - 4 IS - 8 CY - lrvine, California PB - Scientific Research Publishing SN - 1949-4998 AD - Health and Development Foundation, Moscow, Russia AD - Division of Pharmacologic Therapies, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, USA. AD - Health Team, United States Agency for International Development, Moscow, Russia DO - 10.4236/health.2012.48073 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104436964&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104358720 T1 - Does household enrolment reduce adverse selection in a voluntary health insurance system? Evidence from the Ghanaian National Health Insurance System. AU - Rajkotia Y AU - Frick K Y1 - 2012/08// N1 - Accession Number: 104358720. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130111. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 8610614. KW - Insurance Selection Bias KW - Insurance, Health -- Utilization KW - National Health Programs -- Utilization KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Ghana KW - Human KW - Male KW - Models, Statistical KW - National Health Programs -- Economics KW - Organizational Policies KW - Young Adult SP - 429 EP - 437 JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning JA - HEALTH POLICY PLANN VL - 27 IS - 5 PB - Oxford University Press / USA SN - 0268-1080 AD - United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington DC, USA. yogesh1@hotmail.com. U2 - PMID: 21900360. DO - heapol/czr057 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104358720&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rajkotia, Yogesh AU - Frick, Kevin T1 - Does household enrolment reduce adverse selection in a voluntary health insurance system? Evidence from the Ghanaian National Health Insurance System. JO - Health Policy & Planning JF - Health Policy & Planning Y1 - 2012/08// VL - 27 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 429 EP - 437 SN - 02681080 AB - In August 2003, the Ghanaian Government made history by implementing the first National Health Insurance System (NHIS) in sub-Saharan Africa. Within 2 years, over one-third of the country had voluntarily enrolled in the NHIS. To discourage households from selectively enrolling their sickest (high-risk) members, the NHIS in the Nkoranza district offered premium waivers for all children under 18 in exchange for full household enrolment. This study aimed to test whether, despite this incentive, there is evidence suggestive of adverse selection. To accomplish this, we examined how the observed pay-off from insurance (odds and intensity of medical consumption) responds to changes in the family enrolment cost. If adverse selection were present, we would expect the odds and intensity of medical consumption to increase with family enrolment cost. A number of econometric tests were conducted using the claims database of the NHIS in Nkoranza. Households with full enrolment were analysed, for a total of 58 516 individuals from 12 515 households. Our results show that household enrolment cost is not correlated with (1) odds or intensity of inpatient use or (2) odds of adult outpatient use, and is weakly correlated with the intensity of outpatient use. We also find that household enrolment costs are positively correlated with the number of children in the household and the odds and intensity of outpatient use by children. Thus, we conclude that the child-premium waiver is an important incentive for household enrolment. This evidence suggests that adverse selection has effectively been contained, but not eliminated. We argue that since one of the main objectives of the NHIS was to increase use of necessary care, especially by children, our findings indicate a largely favourable policy outcome, but one that may carry negative financial consequences. Policy makers must balance the fiscal need to contain costs with the societal objective to cover vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH insurance KW - ADVERSE selection (Insurance) KW - RISK (Insurance) KW - MEDICAL care KW - NATIONAL health services KW - GHANA KW - Adverse selection KW - health economics KW - health financing KW - health insurance N1 - Accession Number: 78220392; Rajkotia, Yogesh 1; Frick, Kevin 1; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA, Institute for Collaborative Development, Rockville MD, USA and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore, MD, USA; Issue Info: Aug2012, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p429; Thesaurus Term: HEALTH insurance; Thesaurus Term: ADVERSE selection (Insurance); Thesaurus Term: RISK (Insurance); Thesaurus Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: NATIONAL health services; Subject: GHANA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adverse selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: health economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: health financing; Author-Supplied Keyword: health insurance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524112 Direct group life, health and medical insurance carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524111 Direct individual life, health and medical insurance carriers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=78220392&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Odhiambo, Frank O AU - Laserson, Kayla F AU - Sewe, Maquins AU - Hamel, Mary J AU - Feikin, Daniel R AU - Adazu, Kubaje AU - Ogwang, Sheila AU - Obor, David AU - Amek, Nyaguara AU - Bayoh, Nabie AU - Ombok, Maurice AU - Lindblade, Kimberly AU - Desai, Meghna AU - ter Kuile, Feiko AU - Phillips-Howard, Penelope AU - van Eijk, Anna M AU - Rosen, Daniel AU - Hightower, Allen AU - Ofware, Peter AU - Muttai, Hellen T1 - Profile: The KEMRI/CDC Health and Demographic Surveillance System—Western Kenya. JO - International Journal of Epidemiology JF - International Journal of Epidemiology Y1 - 2012/08// VL - 41 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 977 EP - 987 SN - 03005771 AB - The KEMRI/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) is located in Rarieda, Siaya and Gem Districts (Siaya County), lying northeast of Lake Victoria in Nyanza Province, western Kenya. The KEMRI/CDC HDSS, with approximately 220 000 inhabitants, has been the foundation for a variety of studies, including evaluations of insecticide-treated bed nets, burden of diarrhoeal disease and tuberculosis, malaria parasitaemia and anaemia, treatment strategies and immunological correlates of malaria infection, and numerous HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and diarrhoeal disease treatment and vaccine efficacy and effectiveness trials for more than a decade. Current studies include operations research to measure the uptake and effectiveness of the programmatic implementation of integrated malaria control strategies, HIV services, newly introduced vaccines and clinical trials. The HDSS provides general demographic and health information (such as population age structure and density, fertility rates, birth and death rates, in- and out-migrations, patterns of health care access and utilization and the local economics of health care) as well as disease- or intervention-specific information. The HDSS also collects verbal autopsy information on all deaths. Studies take advantage of the sampling frame inherent in the HDSS, whether at individual, household/compound or neighbourhood level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Epidemiology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PUBLIC health KW - APPROXIMATION theory KW - INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention KW - VACCINES -- Effectiveness KW - KENYA KW - clinical trials KW - Health and Demographic Surveillance KW - HIV KW - INDEPTH Network KW - malaria KW - TB KW - western Kenya KW - CENTERS for Disease Control & Prevention (U.S.) N1 - Accession Number: 79889227; Odhiambo, Frank O 1 Laserson, Kayla F 1 Sewe, Maquins 1 Hamel, Mary J 1 Feikin, Daniel R 1 Adazu, Kubaje 1 Ogwang, Sheila 1 Obor, David 1 Amek, Nyaguara 1 Bayoh, Nabie 1 Ombok, Maurice 1 Lindblade, Kimberly 1 Desai, Meghna 1 ter Kuile, Feiko 1 Phillips-Howard, Penelope 1 van Eijk, Anna M 1 Rosen, Daniel 1 Hightower, Allen 1 Ofware, Peter 1 Muttai, Hellen 1; Affiliation: 1: KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Center for Global Health Research, KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, AMREF, Nairobi, Kenya, President's Malaria Initiative/USAID, Washington DC, USA and INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p977; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention; Subject Term: VACCINES -- Effectiveness; Subject Term: KENYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: clinical trials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health and Demographic Surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: INDEPTH Network; Author-Supplied Keyword: malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: TB; Author-Supplied Keyword: western Kenya; Company/Entity: CENTERS for Disease Control & Prevention (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79889227&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-18933-003 AN - 2012-18933-003 AU - Lundgren, Rebecka I. AU - Karra, Mihira V. AU - Yam, Eileen A. T1 - The role of the Standard Days Method in modern family planning services in developing countries. JF - The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care JO - The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care JA - Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care Y1 - 2012/08// VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 254 EP - 259 CY - US PB - Informa Healthcare SN - 1362-5187 SN - 1473-0782 AD - Lundgren, Rebecka I., Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC, US, 20008 N1 - Accession Number: 2012-18933-003. PMID: 22681177 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Lundgren, Rebecka I.; Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, US. Other Publishers: Taylor & Francis. Release Date: 20121112. Correction Date: 20150928. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Developing Countries; Family Planning; Health Care Services; Quality of Care; Reproductive Health. Minor Descriptor: Modernization. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 6. Issue Publication Date: Aug, 2012. Copyright Statement: The European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health. 2012. AB - Background: The mere availability of family planning (FP) services is not sufficient to improve reproductive health; services must also be of adequate quality. The introduction of new contraceptive methods is a means of improving quality of care. The Standard Days Method (SDM) is a new fertility-awareness-based contraceptive method that has been successfully added to reproductive health care services around the world. Content: Framed by the Bruce-Jain quality-of-care paradigm, this paper describes how the introduction of SDM in developing country settings can improve the six elements of quality while contributing to the intrinsic variety of available methods. SDM meets the needs of women and couples who opt not to use other modern methods. SDM providers are sensitised to the potential of fertility-awareness-based contraception as an appropriate choice for these clients. SDM requires the involvement of both partners and thus offers a natural entry point for providers to further explore partner communication, intimate partner violence, condoms, and HIV/STIs. Conclusion: SDM introduction broadens the range of FP methods available to couples in developing countries. SDM counselling presents an opportunity for FP providers to discuss important interpersonal and reproductive health issues with potential users. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Standard Days Method KW - modern families KW - family planning services KW - developing countries KW - quality of care KW - reproductive health care services KW - 2012 KW - Developing Countries KW - Family Planning KW - Health Care Services KW - Quality of Care KW - Reproductive Health KW - Modernization KW - 2012 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Grant: HRN-A-00 - 97-00011 - 00. Other Details: AWARENESS Project. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.3109/13625187.2012.677077 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-18933-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - lundgrer@georgetown.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carr, Bob AU - Gates, Melinda French AU - Mitchell, Andrew AU - Shah, Rajiv T1 - Giving women the power to plan their families. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2012/07/14/ VL - 380 IS - 9837 M3 - Opinion SP - 80 EP - 82 SN - 00995355 AB - The author discusses the role of women in family planning in some developing countries and how it can improve their educational and economical stature. The author informs that across the developing world, approximately 222 million women who want to avoid pregnancy are not using a modern method of contraception. The author believes that giving women access to voluntary family planning will help them invest more in education and health. KW - FAMILY planning KW - WOMEN -- Economic conditions KW - WOMEN -- Education KW - WOMEN -- Health KW - PREGNANCY KW - FAMILY planning services KW - CONTRACEPTION KW - DEVELOPING countries N1 - Accession Number: 78041954; Carr, Bob 1; Email Address: pssofs@dfid.gov.uk Gates, Melinda French 2; Email Address: pssofs@dfid.gov.uk Mitchell, Andrew 3; Email Address: pssofs@dfid.gov.uk Shah, Rajiv 4; Email Address: pssofs@dfid.gov.uk; Affiliation: 1: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Barton ACT, Australia 2: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA 3: Department for International Development, London, UK 4: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 7/14/2012, Vol. 380 Issue 9837, p80; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Economic conditions; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Education; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Health; Subject Term: PREGNANCY; Subject Term: FAMILY planning services; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTION; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Opinion L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)6090S-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78041954&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bocchi, Stefano AU - Christiansen, Scott AU - Oweis, Theib AU - Porro, Andrea AU - Sala, Simone T1 - Research for the innovation of the agri-food system in international cooperation. JO - Italian Journal of Agronomy JF - Italian Journal of Agronomy Y1 - 2012/07// VL - 7 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 262 EP - 273 PB - PAGEPress SN - 11254718 AB - In the last few decades, characterized by intense environmental, landscape and socio-economic-financial changes, unexpected issues concerning the primary sector are arising and require researchers an urgent and deep reformulation of both the conceptual and technological tools used in the applied research. The concept of innovation is now radically changed, starting from a prevailing formula of linear top-down technology transfer, which has characterized the green revolution of the 1960s, to the nowadays approach that is characterized by the innovation of a complex system, and it is aimed at creating sustainable and shared opportunities through economic and institutional development. Those who now work in public or private bodies oriented to research for innovation are struggling to maintain their specific study area, but within integrated schemes where technical and scientific aspects are in interaction with organizational, institutional and political issues. Innovation can tackle several issues: new products, new technologies, new markets, new procedures (institutions) and new policies. The series of scientific and conceptual tools framed into the Agro-ecology domain seems appropriate to plan development initiatives of which the primary objective is ensuring a sustainable management of all the resources involved in agricultural production processes, while promoting food security and sovereignty, as well as protecting the rural landscape. By studying a target agroecosystem it is possible to identify and characterize the relationships between both the internal components and the system structures and functions at different levels of complexity of plot, farm and country, without neglecting the interactions among scientific, technological and socio-economic factors, and ultimately tending towards a science aimed at conflict resolution. Given the challenges that agricultural development is going to face in the next decades, it is indeed essential to support the planning and implementation of sound agro-ecological policies through an appropriate set of advanced tools. Particularly, a key aspect to empower all the stakeholders involved in the research, development, dissemination and application of new methods and technologies is the identification of information and communication systems that farmers and policy makers need in order to cope with fast-changing conditions in a complex system. University and research centers can act as institutional facilitators of dialogue and development policies among different stakeholders, catalyzing participation and promoting participatory problem-solving strategies for agricultural development and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Italian Journal of Agronomy is the property of PAGEPress and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - agroecology KW - agronomic research KW - innovation in agriculture KW - international development N1 - Accession Number: 87659850; Bocchi, Stefano 1; Email Address: stefano.bocchi@unimi.it; Christiansen, Scott 2; Oweis, Theib 3; Porro, Andrea 1; Sala, Simone 1,4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milano, Italy; 2: United States Agency for International Development, USA; 3: International Center for Agricultural Research, Dry Areas, Syria; 4: Center for International Conflict Resolution, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p262; Author-Supplied Keyword: agroecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: agronomic research; Author-Supplied Keyword: innovation in agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: international development; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.4081/ija.2012.e36 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87659850&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Micek, Mark A. AU - Blanco, Ana Judith AU - Carlsson, Jacquelyn AU - Beck, Ingrid A. AU - Dross, Sandra AU - Matunha, Laurinda AU - Seidel, Kristy AU - Montoya, Pablo AU - Gantt, Soren AU - Matediana, Eduardo AU - Jamisse, Lilia AU - Gloyd, Stephen AU - Frenkel, Lisa M. T1 - Effects of Short-Course Zidovudine on the Selection of Nevirapine-Resistant HIV-1 in Women Taking Single-Dose Nevirapine. JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2012/06/15/ VL - 205 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1811 EP - 1815 SN - 00221899 AB - Single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) given to prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1 selects NVP-resistance. Short-course zidovudine (ZDV) was hypothesized to lower rates of NVP-resistance. HIV-1 infected pregnant women administered sdNVP with or without short-course ZDV were assessed for HIV-1 mutations (K103N, Y181C, G190A, and V106M) prior to delivery and postpartum. Postpartum NVP-resistance was lower among 31 taking ZDV+sdNVP compared to 33 taking only sdNVP (35.5% vs 72.7%; χ2 P = .003). NVP mutants decayed to <2% in 24/35 (68.6%) at a median 6 months postpartum, with no differences based on ZDV use (logrank P = .99). Short-course ZDV was associated with reduced NVP-resistance mutations among women taking sdNVP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Communicable diseases -- Transmission KW - AZT (Drug) KW - Nevirapine KW - Drug resistance in microorganisms KW - HIV-positive women KW - Dosage of drugs N1 - Accession Number: 75697336; Micek, Mark A. 1,2; Blanco, Ana Judith 1,2; Carlsson, Jacquelyn 3; Beck, Ingrid A. 3; Dross, Sandra 3; Matunha, Laurinda 2; Seidel, Kristy 3; Montoya, Pablo 1,2; Gantt, Soren 1,3; Matediana, Eduardo 4; Jamisse, Lilia 4,5; Gloyd, Stephen 1,2; Frenkel, Lisa M. 1,3; Affiliations: 1: University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA; 2: Health Alliance International , Seattle, Washington , USA; 3: Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington , USA; 4: Mozambique Ministry of Health , Mozambique , Africa; 5: United States Agency for International Development , Mozambique , Africa; Issue Info: Jun2012, Vol. 205 Issue 12, p1811; Thesaurus Term: Communicable diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: AZT (Drug); Subject Term: Nevirapine; Subject Term: Drug resistance in microorganisms; Subject Term: HIV-positive women; Subject Term: Dosage of drugs; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=75697336&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - D'Adamo, Margaret AU - Fabic, Madeleine Short AU - Ohkubo, Saori T1 - Meeting the Health Information Needs of Health Workers: What Have We Learned? JO - Journal of Health Communication JF - Journal of Health Communication Y1 - 2012/06/02/Jun2012 Supplement 2 VL - 17 M3 - Opinion SP - 23 EP - 29 SN - 10810730 AB - The information challenges facing health workers worldwide include lack of routine systems for seeking and sharing information, lack of high-quality and current health information, and lack of locally relevant materials and tools. This issue of Journal of Health Communication presents three studies of health information needs in India, Senegal, and Malawi that demonstrate these information challenges, provide additional insight, and describe innovative strategies to improve knowledge and information sharing. Results confirm that health workers' information needs differ on the basis of the level of the health system in which a health worker is located, regardless of country or cultural context. Data also reveal that communication channels tailored to health workers' needs and preferences are vital for improving information access and knowledge sharing. Meetings remain the way that most health workers communicate with each other, although technical working groups, professional associations, and networks also play strong roles in information and knowledge sharing. Study findings also confirm health workers' need for up-to-date, simple information in formats useful for policy development, program management, and service delivery. It is important to note that data demonstrate a persistent need for a variety of information types—from research syntheses, to job aids, to case studies—and suggest the need to invest in multifaceted knowledge management systems and approaches that take advantage of expanding technology, especially mobile phones; support existing professional and social networks; and are tailored to the varying needs of health professionals across health systems. These common lessons can be universally applied to expand health workers' access to reliable, practical, evidence-based information. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health Communication is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INFORMATION needs KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - ACCESS to information KW - HEALTH promotion KW - COMMUNICATION in medicine KW - KNOWLEDGE management N1 - Accession Number: 77270094; D'Adamo, Margaret 1 Fabic, Madeleine Short 1; Email Address: mshort@usaid.gov Ohkubo, Saori 2; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 2: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Source Info: Jun2012 Supplement 2, Vol. 17, p23; Subject Term: INFORMATION needs; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: ACCESS to information; Subject Term: HEALTH promotion; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE management; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Opinion L3 - 10.1080/10810730.2012.666626 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77270094&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104489385 T1 - Meeting the health information needs of health workers: what have we learned? AU - D'Adamo, Margaret AU - Fabic, Madeleine Short AU - Ohkubo, Saori Y1 - 2012/06/02/Jun2012 Supplement 2 N1 - Accession Number: 104489385. Language: English. Entry Date: 20121026. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Supplement Title: Jun2012 Supplement 2. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Promotion/Education; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 9604100. KW - Health Personnel KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Information Services KW - Communication -- Methods KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - India KW - Malawi KW - Senegal SP - 23 EP - 29 JO - Journal of Health Communication JF - Journal of Health Communication JA - J HEALTH COMMUN VL - 17 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge SN - 1081-0730 AD - a Bureau for Global Health , United States Agency for International Development , Washington , District of Columbia , USA. U2 - PMID: 22724669. DO - 10.1080/10810730.2012.666626 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104489385&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clemens, Michael A. AU - Radelet, Steven AU - Bhavnani, Rikhil R. AU - Bazzi, Samuel T1 - Counting Chickens when they Hatch: Timing and the Effects of Aid on Growth*. JO - Economic Journal JF - Economic Journal Y1 - 2012/06// VL - 122 IS - 561 M3 - Article SP - 590 EP - 617 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 00130133 AB - Recent research yields widely divergent estimates of the cross-country relationship between foreign aid receipts and economic growth. We re-analyse data from the three most influential published aid-growth studies, strictly conserving their regression specifications, with sensible assumptions about the timing of aid effects and without questionable instruments. All three research designs show that increases in aid have been followed on average by increases in investment and growth. The most plausible explanation is that aid causes some degree of growth in recipient countries, although the magnitude of this relationship is modest, varies greatly across recipients and diminishes at high levels of aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 76303398; Clemens, Michael A. 1; Radelet, Steven 2; Bhavnani, Rikhil R. 3; Bazzi, Samuel 4; Affiliations: 1: Center for Global Development; 2: United States Agency for International Development; 3: University of Wisconsin, Madison; 4: University of California, San Diego; Issue Info: Jun2012, Vol. 122 Issue 561, p590; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02482.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=76303398&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stanton, Mary Ellen AU - Brandes, Neal T1 - A New Perspective on Maternal Ill-health and Its Consequences. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2012/06// VL - 30 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 121 EP - 123 PB - BioMed Central SN - 16060997 KW - MATERNAL health services KW - HEALTH -- Periodicals KW - PUBLISHERS & publishing KW - NUTRITION KW - PUBLIC health KW - MATERNAL mortality N1 - Accession Number: 79556475; Stanton, Mary Ellen 1; Email Address: MStanton@usaid.gov Brandes, Neal 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p121; Subject Term: MATERNAL health services; Subject Term: HEALTH -- Periodicals; Subject Term: PUBLISHERS & publishing; Subject Term: NUTRITION; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511130 Book Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79556475&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104483013 T1 - A new perspective on maternal ill-health and its consequences. AU - Stanton ME AU - Brandes N Y1 - 2012/06// N1 - Accession Number: 104483013. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120831. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Asia; Biomedical; Public Health. Special Interest: Nutrition; Public Health. NLM UID: 100959228. KW - Women's Health KW - World Health KW - Bangladesh KW - Economic Aspects of Illness KW - Female KW - India KW - Maternal Mortality KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications -- Economics KW - Pregnancy Complications -- Epidemiology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- Mortality KW - Pregnancy Complications -- Physiopathology KW - Socioeconomic Factors SP - 121 EP - 123 JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JA - J HEALTH POPUL NUTR VL - 30 IS - 2 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1606-0997 AD - United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA. MStanton@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 22838154. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104483013&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-15089-002 AN - 2012-15089-002 AU - Conde‐Agudelo, Agustín AU - Rosas‐Bermudez, Anyeli AU - Castaño, Fabio AU - Norton, Maureen H. T1 - Effects of birth spacing on maternal, perinatal, infant, and child health: A systematic review of causal mechanisms. JF - Studies in Family Planning JO - Studies in Family Planning JA - Stud Fam Plann Y1 - 2012/06// VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 114 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 0039-3665 SN - 1728-4465 AD - Conde‐Agudelo, Agustín N1 - Accession Number: 2012-15089-002. PMID: 23175949 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Conde‐Agudelo, Agustín; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre in Human Reproduction, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Other Publishers: Blackwell Publishing. Release Date: 20121119. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Birth; Health; Pregnancy. Classification: Childrearing & Child Care (2956). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100); Neonatal (birth-1 mo) (120); Infancy (2-23 mo) (140). Methodology: Literature Review; Systematic Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 22. Issue Publication Date: Jun, 2012. AB - This systematic review of 58 observational studies identified hypothetical causal mechanisms explaining the effects of short and long intervals between pregnancies on maternal, perinatal, infant, and child health, and critically examined the scientific evidence for each causal mechanism hypothesized. The following hypothetical causal mechanisms for explaining the association between short intervals and adverse outcomes were identified: maternal nutritional depletion, folate depletion, cervical insufficiency, vertical transmission of infections, suboptimal lactation related to breastfeeding–pregnancy overlap, sibling competition, transmission of infectious diseases among siblings, incomplete healing of uterine scar from previous cesarean delivery, and abnormal remodeling of endometrial blood vessels. Women's physiological regression is the only hypothetical causal mechanism that has been proposed to explain the association between long intervals and adverse outcomes. We found growing evidence supporting most of these hypotheses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - birth spacing KW - pregnancy KW - maternal health KW - perinatal & infant health KW - 2012 KW - Birth KW - Health KW - Pregnancy KW - 2012 U1 - Sponsor: Office of Population and Reproductive Health. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Bureau for Global Health of the United States. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Agency for International Development. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2012.00308.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-15089-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - condeagu@hotmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gülmezoglu, A. Metin AU - Lumbiganon, Pisake AU - Landoulsi, Sihem AU - Widmer, Mariona AU - Abdel-Aleem, Hany AU - Festin, Mario AU - Carroli, Guillermo AU - Qureshi, Zahida AU - Souza, Joào Paulo AU - Sergei, Eduardo AU - Piaggio, Gilda AU - Goudar, Shivaprasad S. AU - Yeh, John AU - Armbruster, Deborah AU - Singata, Mandisa AU - Pelaez-Crisologo, Cristina AU - Althabe, Fernando AU - Sekweyama, Peter AU - Hofmeyr, Justus AU - Stanton, Mary-Ellen T1 - Active management of the third stage of labour with and without controlled cord traction: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2012/05/05/ VL - 379 IS - 9827 M3 - Article SP - 1721 EP - 1727 SN - 00995355 AB - The article presents a research which investigates the impact of excluding controlled cord traction from active management in third stage of labour procedure. It says that implementation of active management during delivery reduces the risk of post-partum haemorrhage. It mentions that a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted in 16 hospitals and two primary healthcare centers located in several countries including Argentina, Thailand and South Africa. KW - LABOR complications (Obstetrics) KW - PREVENTION KW - MEDICAL research KW - RANDOMIZED controlled trials KW - WOMEN -- Health KW - RESEARCH KW - HEMORRHAGE -- Prevention N1 - Accession Number: 75121458; Gülmezoglu, A. Metin 1; Email Address: gulmezoglum@who.mt Lumbiganon, Pisake 2 Landoulsi, Sihem 1 Widmer, Mariona 1 Abdel-Aleem, Hany 3 Festin, Mario 4 Carroli, Guillermo 5 Qureshi, Zahida 6 Souza, Joào Paulo 1 Sergei, Eduardo Piaggio, Gilda 1 Goudar, Shivaprasad S. 7 Yeh, John 8 Armbruster, Deborah 9 Singata, Mandisa 10 Pelaez-Crisologo, Cristina 4 Althabe, Fernando 11 Sekweyama, Peter 12 Hofmeyr, Justus 10 Stanton, Mary-Ellen 9; Affiliation: 1: UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 2: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,Thailand 3: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 4: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines 5: Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina 6: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya 7: Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India 8: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 9: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 10: Effective Care Research Unit, Eastern Cape Department of Health, Universities of Witwatersrand and Fort Hare, East London, South Africa 11: Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina 12: San Raphael of St Francit Hospital, Nsambya, Uganda; Source Info: 5/5/2012, Vol. 379 Issue 9827, p1721; Subject Term: LABOR complications (Obstetrics); Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Subject Term: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Health; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HEMORRHAGE -- Prevention; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 101016/50140-6736(12)60206-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75121458&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ansa, E.D.O. AU - Lubberding, H.J. AU - Ampofo, J.A. AU - Amegbe, G.B. AU - Gijzen, H.J. T1 - Attachment of faecal coliform and macro-invertebrate activity in the removal of faecal coliform in domestic wastewater treatment pond systems JO - Ecological Engineering JF - Ecological Engineering Y1 - 2012/05// VL - 42 M3 - Article SP - 35 EP - 41 SN - 09258574 AB - Abstract: The comparative importance of macro-invertebrates and attachment of faecal coliform (FC) to suspended matter (particulate and plant material) in the removal of FC in three types of domestic wastewater treatment pond system was investigated. The three pond types, connected in series of four ponds were fully duckweed ponds, fully algal ponds and a hybrid of two duckweed ponds sandwiching two algal ponds, all on a pilot scale. Attachment of FC to suspended matter was more important at the bottom of the first two ponds with duckweed having 256 and 99% for pond 1 and 2, algal ponds having 946 and 75% and hybrid pond system having significant attachment at the bottom only in pond 2 (71%). Significantly greater FC decay rates in algal ponds (p <0.05) were observed in the afternoons (12.6, 10.0 and 3.6) compared with the mornings (7.1, 1.7 and 2.7) for ponds 1, 2 and 4 respectively. High numbers of ostracods in ponds 1–4 (29,867±143.6, 6151±426.3, 934±258.8 and 594±16.3) were associated with the surface of all the duckweed ponds and these were significantly higher than that of algal ponds (0, 2±2, 0, 0) at similar locations (p <0.05). FC numbers in the duckweed pond systems correlated strongly and positively with total ostracod numbers in pond (R 2 =0.989) and at the surface (R 2 =0.996) but not at the bottom. This suggests that macro-invertebrate feeding and movement activity could be a good contributor to the removal of FC in duckweed ponds. FC numbers also correlated negatively (duckweed R 2 =−0.71; algal R 2 =−0.80 and hybrid R 2 =−0.66) with the Shannon–Wiener diversity index of macro-invertebrates, an indicator of pond water quality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Ecological Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SEWAGE purification KW - ENTEROBACTERIACEAE KW - INVERTEBRATE ecology KW - PONDS KW - WATER quality KW - BIOINDICATORS KW - OSTRACODA KW - Attachment KW - Bacteria KW - Detachment KW - Integrated KW - Macro-invertebrate N1 - Accession Number: 73831740; Ansa, E.D.O. 1; Email Address: edoansa@yahoo.com Lubberding, H.J. 2; Email Address: h.lubberding@unesco-ihe.org Ampofo, J.A. 1; Email Address: jaampofo@yahoo.com Amegbe, G.B. 1; Email Address: gamea2@yahoo.com Gijzen, H.J. 2,3; Email Address: h.gijzen@unesco.org; Affiliation: 1: CSIR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota-Accra, Ghana 2: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015 DA, Delft, The Netherlands 3: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jl. Galuh II, No. 5, Kebayoran, Baru, 12110 Jakarta, Indonesia; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 42, p35; Subject Term: SEWAGE purification; Subject Term: ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; Subject Term: INVERTEBRATE ecology; Subject Term: PONDS; Subject Term: WATER quality; Subject Term: BIOINDICATORS; Subject Term: OSTRACODA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attachment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detachment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated; Author-Supplied Keyword: Macro-invertebrate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.01.018 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73831740&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104245004 T1 - Improving child survival through behavioral change and community engagement: the Farta, Ethiopia Child Survival Project. AU - Buchanan, Sara E. AU - Pose, Barbara Y1 - 2012/05// N1 - Accession Number: 104245004. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130320. Revision Date: 20150820. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Europe; Health Promotion/Education; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Pediatric Care. NLM UID: 100894376. KW - Child Mortality -- Ethiopia KW - Behavioral Changes KW - Community Role KW - Human KW - Ethiopia KW - Program Implementation KW - Health Information KW - Communication KW - Social Learning Theory KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant KW - Child KW - Outcomes (Health Care) KW - Program Evaluation KW - Surveys KW - Interviews KW - Female KW - Support, Psychosocial KW - Cues KW - Mothers KW - Support Groups KW - Health Education KW - Churches KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Drugs -- Economics KW - Immunization Programs KW - Sanitation KW - Water SP - 145 EP - 158 JO - International Journal of Health Promotion & Education JF - International Journal of Health Promotion & Education JA - INT J HEALTH PROMOT EDUC VL - 50 IS - 3 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge AB - Despite 25 years of development assistance, Ethiopia experiences one of the highest child mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa. In northwestern Ethiopia, CARE International implemented a five-year child survival project in the Farta district from2002 to 2007.Although similar to other child survival projects in terms of behavioral change communication approaches, the Farta Child Survival Project exceeded targets, including those for exclusive breastfeeding, environmental hygiene, and health behaviors by using key agents at grassroots level such as religious leaders and positive deviant mothers to improve health outcomes. Health message sharing and social adaptation of new health information led to action which pervaded the whole of village life. As a consequence, healthy behaviors became the new social norm while individuals following old norms encountered community sanctions. This analysis reviews the Farta Child Survival Project to discern which factors in implementation encouraged effective behavioral change through the application of social cognitive theory. Understanding why and how this project was a success will help to duplicate its strategies elsewhere. SN - 1463-5240 AD - United States Agency for International Development, USA; USAID/Kabul, 6180 Kabul Place, Dulles, VA 20189-6180, USA AD - Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Programme d'Appui au SystÈme de SantÉ (PASS), Province de Ngozi, BoÎte postale 7512, Bujumbura, Burundi DO - 10.1080/14635240.2012.661970 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104245004&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 108167689 T1 - Comparison of conventional cervical cytology versus visual inspection with acetic acid among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Western Kenya. AU - Mabeya, Hilary AU - Khozaim, Karen AU - Liu, Tao AU - Orango, Omenge AU - Chumba, David AU - Pisharodi, Latha AU - Carter, Jane AU - Cu-Uvin, Susan AU - Mabeya, Hillary AU - Khozaim, Kareem Y1 - 2012/04//2012 Apr N1 - Accession Number: 108167689. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120427. Revision Date: 20161117. Publication Type: journal article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: D43 TW000237-19/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 9704963. KW - Acetic Acid -- Therapeutic Use KW - Cervix Diseases -- Diagnosis KW - Cytological Techniques KW - HIV-Infected Patients -- Evaluation KW - Academic Medical Centers KW - Cell Physiology KW - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- Diagnosis KW - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- Therapy KW - Cervical Smears -- Methods KW - Cervix Neoplasms -- Diagnosis KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Data Analysis KW - Developing Countries KW - Ethics KW - Female KW - Genital Diseases, Female KW - Health Screening KW - Hospitals KW - Human Immunodeficiency Virus KW - Kenya KW - Pathologists KW - ROC Curve KW - World Health Organization -- Standards SP - 92 EP - 97 JO - Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease JF - Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease JA - J LOWER GENITAL TRACT DIS VL - 16 IS - 2 CY - Baltimore, Maryland PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AB - Objective: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) versus conventional Pap smear as a screening tool for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cancer among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women.Materials and Methods: A total of 150 HIV-infected women attending the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital HIV clinic in Eldoret underwent conventional Pap smear, VIA, colposcopy, and biopsy. Both VIA and Pap smears were done by nurses, whereas colposcopy and biopsy were done by a physician. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to compare the accuracies between VIA and Pap smear in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).Results: Among the study participants: VIA was abnormal in 55.3% (83/150, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 47.0%-63.5%); Pap smear showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse in 43.7% (59/135, 95% CI = 35.2%-52.5%) and 10% (15/150) of the Pap smears were unsatisfactory. Of the abnormal Pap smears, 3% (2/59) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 7% (4/59) had high-grade atypical squamous cells, 60% (35/59) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 29% (17/59) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 2% (1/59) was suspicious for cervical cancer. Using cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or higher disease on biopsy as an end point, VIA has a sensitivity of 69.6% (95% CI = 55.1%-81.0%), specificity of 51.0% (95% CI = 41.5%-60.4%), PPV of 38.6% (95% CI = 28.8%-49.3%), and NPV of 79.1% (95% CI = 67.8%-87.2%). For conventional Pap smear, sensitivity was 52.5% (95% CI = 42.1%-71.5%), specificity was 66.3% (95% CI = 52.0%-71.2%), PPV was 39.7% (95% CI = 27.6%-51.8%), and NPV was 76.8% (95% CI = 67.0%-85.6%).Conclusions: Visual inspection with acetic acid is comparable to Pap smear and acceptable for screening HIV-infected women in resource-limited settings such as Western Kenya. SN - 1089-2591 AD - United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya AD - 1United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership; 2Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; 3Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and 4Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI. U2 - PMID: 22126834. DO - 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182320f0c UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=108167689&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Culman, Steven W. AU - Snapp, Sieglinde S. AU - Freeman, Mark A. AU - Schipanski, Meagan E. AU - Beniston, Josh AU - Lal, Rattan AU - Drinkwater, Laurie E. AU - Franzluebbers, Alan J. AU - Glover, Jerry D. AU - Grandy, A. Stuart AU - Lee, Juhwan AU - Six, Johan AU - Maul, Jude E. AU - Mirksy, Steven B. AU - Spargo, John T. AU - Wander, Michelle M. T1 - Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon Reflects a Processed Soil Fraction that is Sensitive to Management. JO - Soil Science Society of America Journal JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal Y1 - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012 VL - 76 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 494 EP - 504 SN - 03615995 AB - Permanganate oxidizable C (POXC; i.e., active C) is a relatively new method that can quantify labile soil C rapidly and inexpensively. Despite limited reports of positive correlations with particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and other soil C fractions, little is known about what soil fractions POXC most closely reflects. We measured POXC across a wide range of soil types, ecosystems, and geographic areas (12 studies, 53 total sites, n = 1379) to: (i) determine the relationship between POXC and POC, MBC and soil organic C (SOC) fractions, and (it) determine the relative sensitivity of POXC as a labile soil C metric across a range of environmental and management conditions. Permanganate oxidizable C was significantly related to POC, MBC, and SOC, and these relationships were strongest when data were analyzed by individual studies. Permanganate oxidizable C was more closely related to smaller-sized (53-250 µm) than larger POC fractions (250-2000 µm), and more closely related to heavier (>1.7 g cm-3 than lighter POC fractions, indicating that it reflects a relatively processed pool of labile soil C. Compared with POC, MBC, or SOC, POXC demonstrated greater sensitivity to changes in management or environmental variation in 42% of the significant experimental factors examined across the 12 studies. Our analysis demonstrates the usefulness of POXC in quickly and inexpensively assessing changes in the labile soil C pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Soil Science Society of America Journal is the property of American Society of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Manganese KW - Biomass KW - Carbon KW - Soil chemistry KW - Permanganates N1 - Accession Number: 76261739; Culman, Steven W. 1; Email Address: steve.culman@gmail.com; Snapp, Sieglinde S. 1; Freeman, Mark A. 1; Schipanski, Meagan E. 2; Beniston, Josh 3; Lal, Rattan; Drinkwater, Laurie E. 4; Franzluebbers, Alan J. 5; Glover, Jerry D. 6; Grandy, A. Stuart 7; Lee, Juhwan 8; Six, Johan 8; Maul, Jude E. 9; Mirksy, Steven B. 9; Spargo, John T. 9; Wander, Michelle M. 10; Affiliations: 1: Kellog Biological Station and Crop & Soil Sciences Department Michigan State Univ. 3700 E Gull Lake Dr. Hickory Corners, MI 49060; 2: The Pennsylvania State Univ. 116 ASI Building University Park, PA 16802; 3: Carbon Management and Sequestration Center The Ohio State University 2021 Coffey Rd Columbus, OH 43210; 4: Department of Horticulture Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY 14850; 5: USDA-Agricultural Research Service 1420 Experiment Station Rd Watkinsville, GA 30677; 6: Office of Agriculture Research & Transformation USAID Bureau for Food Security Washington, DC 20523; 7: Dep. of Natural Resources and Environment Univ. of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824; 8: Dep. of Plant Sciences Univ. of California Davis, CA 95616; 9: Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory USDA-Agricultural Research Service 10300 Baltimore Ave Beltsville, MD 20705; 10: Dep. of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Univ. of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801; Issue Info: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 76 Issue 2, p494; Thesaurus Term: Manganese; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Soil chemistry; Subject Term: Permanganates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2136/sssaj2011.0286 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=76261739&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-07685-005 AN - 2012-07685-005 AU - Padgett, Ryan D. AU - Johnson, Megan P. AU - Pascarella, Ernest T. T1 - First-generation undergraduate students and the impacts of the first year of college: Additional evidence. JF - Journal of College Student Development JO - Journal of College Student Development JA - J Coll Stud Dev Y1 - 2012/03//Mar-Apr, 2012 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 243 EP - 266 CY - US PB - ACPA Executive Office SN - 0897-5264 SN - 1543-3382 AD - Padgett, Ryan D., Division of Student Affairs, Northern Kentucky University, UC330-A Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, US, 41076 N1 - Accession Number: 2012-07685-005. Other Journal Title: Journal of College Student Personnel. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Padgett, Ryan D.; Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, US. Release Date: 20130218. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Academic Achievement; College Students; Family Background. Classification: Academic Learning & Achievement (3550). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Tests & Measures: Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being; Defining Issues Test-2; American College Testing; Positive Attitude Toward Literacy; Academic Challenge and High Expectations Scale; Diversity Experiences Scale; Influential Interactions with Peers Scale; Good Teaching/High-Quality Intetactions with Faculty Scale; National Survey of Student Engagement; WNSLAE Student Experiences Survey; Collegiate Assessment of Academic Proficiency; Need for Cognition Scale DOI: 10.1037/t04601-000; Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale DOI: 10.1037/t09436-000. Methodology: Empirical Study; Longitudinal Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 24. Issue Publication Date: Mar-Apr, 2012. AB - Using longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, our findings suggest that first-generation students are at a significant disadvantage across cognitive and psychosocial outcomes compared to students whose parents have at least some postsecondary education. Furthermore, we tested for the conditional effects of good practices on first-year outcomes and found that effects of good practices on both cognitive and psychosocial outcomes differed in magnitude, and sometimes in direction, for first-generation versus non-first-generation students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - undergraduate students KW - academic achievement KW - family background KW - first-generation students KW - 2012 KW - Academic Achievement KW - College Students KW - Family Background KW - 2012 U1 - Sponsor: Wabash College, Center of Inquiry in the Liberal Arts. Other Details: Center for Research on Undergraduate Education at The University of lowa. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1353/csd.2012.0032 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-07685-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - padgettrl@nku.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Massoud, M. Rashad AU - Mensah-Abrampah, Nana AU - Barker, Pierre AU - Leatherman, Sheila AU - Kelley, Edward AU - Agins, Bruce AU - Sax, Sylvia AU - Heiby, James T1 - Safe and effective healthcare in low and middle income countries: Research is needed into creating workable systems that can deliver and sustain interventions. JO - BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas & Retired Doctors Edition) JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas & Retired Doctors Edition) Y1 - 2012/02/18/ VL - 344 IS - 7844 M3 - Article SP - 12 EP - 12 SN - 17592151 AB - The article focuses on the implementation of affordable healthcare interventions in low and middle income countries. It relates the study which showed that 88% of the collaborative improvement projects in poor countries achieve 80% compliance with evidence based standards. Meanwhile, the Salzburg Global Seminar will be held in Salzburg, Austria on April 22-27, 2012 to bring together 60 global health leaders to discuss the improvement efforts for health systems around the world. KW - MEDICAL care KW - QUALITY assurance KW - WORLD health N1 - Accession Number: 73471602; Massoud, M. Rashad Mensah-Abrampah, Nana 1 Barker, Pierre 2 Leatherman, Sheila 3 Kelley, Edward 4 Agins, Bruce 5 Sax, Sylvia 6 Heiby, James 7; Affiliation: 1: Quality improvement fellow, USAID Health Care Improvement Project, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA 2: Senior vice president, low and middle income countries, Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 3: Research professor, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Public Health, NC, USA 4: Head, strategic programmes and coordinator, WHO Patient Safety, Geneva, Switzerland 5: Medical director, AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, New York, USA 6: Lecturer, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 7: Medical officer, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2/18/2012, Vol. 344 Issue 7844, p12; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: WORLD health; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73471602&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104537637 T1 - Safe and effective healthcare in low and middle income countries: Research is needed into creating workable systems that can deliver and sustain interventions. AU - Massoud, M. Rashad AU - Mensah-Abrampah, Nana AU - Barker, Pierre AU - Leatherman, Sheila AU - Kelley, Edward AU - Agins, Bruce AU - Sax, Sylvia AU - Heiby, James Y1 - 2012/02/18/ N1 - Accession Number: 104537637. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120327. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; editorial; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101090866. KW - Health Care Delivery -- Trends KW - World Health KW - Quality Improvement SP - 12 EP - 12 JO - BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas & Retired Doctors Edition) JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas & Retired Doctors Edition) JA - BMJ BR MED J (OVERSEAS & RETIRED DOCTORS ED) VL - 344 IS - 7844 PB - BMJ Publishing Group SN - 1759-2151 AD - Quality improvement fellow, USAID Health Care Improvement Project, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA AD - Senior vice president, low and middle income countries, Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA AD - Research professor, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Public Health, NC, USA AD - Head, strategic programmes and coordinator, WHO Patient Safety, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Medical director, AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, New York, USA AD - Lecturer, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany AD - Medical officer, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104537637&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chemaitelly, Hiam AU - Cremin, Ide AU - Shelton, Jim AU - Hallett, Timothy B AU - Abu-Raddad, Laith J T1 - Distinct HIV discordancy patterns by epidemic size in stable sexual partnerships in sub-Saharan Africa. JO - Sexually Transmitted Infections JF - Sexually Transmitted Infections Y1 - 2012/02// VL - 88 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 51 EP - 57 SN - 13684973 AB - Objective To describe patterns of HIV infection among stable sexual partnerships across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods The authors defined measures of HIV discordancy and conducted a comprehensive quantitative assessment of discordancy among stable partnerships in 20 countries in SSA through an analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey data. Results HIV prevalence explained at least 50% of the variation in HIV discordancy, with two distinct patterns of discordancy emerging based on HIV prevalence being roughly smaller or larger than 10%. In low-prevalence countries, approximately 75% of partnerships affected by HIV are discordant, while only about half of these are discordant in high-prevalence countries. Out of each 10 HIV infected persons, two to five are engaged in discordant partnerships in low-prevalence countries compared with one to three in high-prevalence countries. Among every 100 partnerships in the population, one to nine are affected by HIV and zero to six are discordant in low-prevalence countries compared with 16-45 and 9-17, respectively, in high-prevalence countries. Finally, zero to four of every 100 sexually active adults are engaged in a discordant partnership in low-prevalence countries compared with six to eight in high-prevalence countries. Conclusions In high-prevalence countries, a large fraction of stable partnerships were affected by HIV and half were discordant, whereas in low-prevalence countries, fewer stable partnerships were affected by HIV but a higher proportion of them were discordant. The findings provide a global view of HIV infection among stable partnerships in SSA but imply complex considerations for rolling out prevention interventions targeting discordant partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Sexually Transmitted Infections is the property of BMJ Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - SEXUAL health KW - EPIDEMICS KW - AFRICA N1 - Accession Number: 70637993; Chemaitelly, Hiam 1 Cremin, Ide 2 Shelton, Jim 3 Hallett, Timothy B 2 Abu-Raddad, Laith J 1,4,5; Affiliation: 1: Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar 2: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK 3: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 4: Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA 5: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 88 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: SEXUAL health; Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: AFRICA; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050114 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70637993&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 108220361 T1 - A call for coordinated and evidence-based action to protect children outside of family care. AU - Clay R AU - CdeBaca L AU - De Cock KM AU - Goosby E AU - Guttmacher A AU - Jacobs S AU - Pablos-Mendez A AU - Polaski S AU - Sheldon G AU - Steinberg D Y1 - 2012/01/14/ N1 - Accession Number: 108220361. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120323. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Child Welfare -- Legislation and Jurisprudence KW - Child, Abandoned KW - Child KW - Child, Institutionalized KW - Orphans and Orphanages KW - United States SP - e6 EP - 8 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 379 North American Edition IS - 9811 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20005, USA. rclay@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 22166902. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=108220361&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-01768-009 AN - 2012-01768-009 AU - Clay, Robert AU - CdeBaca, Luis AU - De Cock, Kevin M. AU - Goosby, Eric AU - Guttmacher, Alan AU - Jacobs, Susan AU - Pablos-Mendez, Ariel AU - Polaski, Sandra AU - Sheldon, George AU - Steinberg, Donald T1 - A call for coordinated and evidence-based action to protect children outside of family care. JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2012/01/14/ VL - 379 IS - 9811 SP - e6 EP - e8 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Clay, Robert, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US, 20005 N1 - Accession Number: 2012-01768-009. PMID: 22166902 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Clay, Robert; US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20120206. Correction Date: 20150413. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Child Welfare; Evidence Based Practice; Health Care Services; Well Being. Minor Descriptor: Childhood Development; Collaboration; Policy Making; Protective Services. Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100). References Available: Y. Page Count: 3. Issue Publication Date: Jan 14, 2012. Publication History: First Posted Date: Dec 12, 2011. AB - Recognising the need for evidence to inform policies, strategies, and programmes to care for vulnerable children has led the US Government to convene an Evidence Summit on Protecting Children Outside of Family Care on Dec 12–13, 2011, in Washington, DC, USA. The Summit will bring together leading researchers and technical experts to assess the evidence to inform policies, strategies, and programmes relevant to protecting children outside of family care in low-income and middle-income countries and so identify evidence gaps to shape the future research agenda. Following the Summit, we have committed to establish guiding principles for US Government assistance to affected children outside the USA and to develop a strategy, by July, 2012, to promote evidence-based responses to protect these vulnerable children. The strategy will promote application of the principles, implementation of evidence-based best practices, and research to address critical knowledge gaps in initiatives for at risk children outside of family care funded by the US Government. With continued global collaboration and coordination across agencies and partners, we can tackle more effectively the common constraints to improving children’s wellbeing and protecting the most vulnerable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - coordinated actions KW - evidence-based actions KW - policies KW - care KW - vulnerable children KW - well being KW - 2012 KW - Child Welfare KW - Evidence Based Practice KW - Health Care Services KW - Well Being KW - Childhood Development KW - Collaboration KW - Policy Making KW - Protective Services KW - 2012 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61821-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-01768-009&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - rclay@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Twenty criteria to make the best of scarce health resources in developing countries. JO - BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas & Retired Doctors Edition) JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas & Retired Doctors Edition) Y1 - 2012/01/07/ VL - 344 IS - 7838 M3 - Article SP - 26 EP - 29 SN - 17592151 AB - The article offers information on the twenty criteria on having effective interventions on health resources in developing countries such as Uganda and Tanzania in Africa. It mentions how scalability regarding interventions affects the priorities of health resources. It also cites the importance of cultural norms in preventing the occurrence of diseases. Moreover, it discusses how bed nets and other health procedures such as condoms and hand washing adds on the simplicity which affects the fragility of health systems. KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - ROTAVIRUS diseases -- Vaccination KW - MEDICAL care use KW - THERAPEUTIC use KW - DEVELOPING countries N1 - Accession Number: 70427805; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Science adviser, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC, 20523, USA; Source Info: 1/7/2012, Vol. 344 Issue 7838, p26; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: ROTAVIRUS diseases -- Vaccination; Subject Term: MEDICAL care use; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70427805&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104506668 T1 - Twenty criteria to make the best of scarce health resources in developing countries. AU - Shelton, James D. Y1 - 2012/01/07/ N1 - Accession Number: 104506668. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120123. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101090866. KW - Health Resource Utilization -- Evaluation -- Developing Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - Rotavirus Vaccines -- Therapeutic Use KW - Malaria -- Prevention and Control KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control SP - 26 EP - 29 JO - BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas & Retired Doctors Edition) JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal (Overseas & Retired Doctors Edition) JA - BMJ BR MED J (OVERSEAS & RETIRED DOCTORS ED) VL - 344 IS - 7838 PB - BMJ Publishing Group SN - 1759-2151 AD - Science adviser, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC, 20523, USA UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104506668&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Owoaje, Eme T. AU - Omidokun, Adedoyin D. AU - Ige, Olusimbo K. T1 - Knowledge and perception of Prevention of Mother to Child services amongst pregnant women accessing antenatal clinic in a Primary Health Care centre in Nigeria. T2 - Connaissance et perception des services de prévention de la transmission de la mère à l'enfant chez des femmes enceintes bénéficiant de consultations prénatales dans un centre de soins primaires au Nigéria. JO - African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine JF - African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine Y1 - 2012/01// VL - 4 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 7 SN - 20712928 AB - Background: Few studies have assessed pregnant women's perceptions regarding prevention of mother to child of HIV and the available services at the primary health care level in Nigeria. Objective: Assessment of knowledge and perception of antenatal clinic (ANC) attendees regarding Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV at primary health care facilities in south-west Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 400 antenatal attendees in a Primary Health Care centre in Ibadan, Nigeria. Results: Known methods of PMTCT were: use of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) during pregnancy (75.0%), ART at birth (65.8%) and not breastfeeding (61.8%). Previous HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) was reported by 71%, significantly higher proportions of those who were married, in the third trimester of pregnancy or engaged in professional and/or skilled occupations had been tested. Regarding the HCT services provided, 92.2% understood the HIV-related health education provided, 89.7.2% reported that the timing was appropriate, 92.6% assessed the nurses' approach as acceptable but 34.0% felt the test was forced upon them. Majority (79.6%) were aware of non-breastfeeding options of infant feeding, but only 3.5% were aware of exclusive breastfeeding for a stipulated period as an infant feeding option. Nevertheless, the majority of the women found the non-breast feeding option culturally unacceptable. Conclusion: Women in this survey were knowledgeable about the methods of PMTCT, but had negative perceptions regarding certain aspects of the HCT services and the recommended non-breastfeeding infant feeding option. Health workers should provide client friendly services and infant feeding counselling that is based on current WHO recommendations and culturally acceptable. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Contexte: Peu d'études ont évalué la perception des femmes enceintes concernant la Prévention de la Transmission de la Mère à l'Enfant (PTME) du VIH et les services disponibles au niveau des soins de santé primaires au Nigéria. Objectif: L'évaluation de la connaissance et de la perception des femmes dans les cliniques prénatales concernant la PTME du VIH dans les centres de soins de santé primaires dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria. Méthode: Une enquête transversale a été réalisée auprès de 400 femmes bénéficiant de soins prénatals dans un centre de soins de santé primaires à Idaban, Nigéria. Résultats: Les méthodes de PTME connues sont : le traitement ART pendant la grossesse (75.0%), le traitement antirétroviral (ART) à la naissance (65.8%) et le fait de ne pas allaiter (61.8%). Un suivi antérieur de services de conseil et de dépistage du VIH a été déclaré par 71% des femmes, une proportion nettement plus élevée des femmes mariées, dans leur troisième trimestre de grossesse ou exerçant une activité professionnelle et/ou qualifiée ayant été dépistées. En ce qui concerne les services de conseil et de dépistage fournis, 92.2% ont compris l'éducation à la santé liée au VIH dispensée, 89.7% ont déclaré que le calendrier était approprié, 92.6% ont évalué l'approche des infirmières comme étant acceptable mais 34.0% ont considéré que le dépistage leur avait été imposé. La majorité (79.6%) connaissait les options d'alimentation du nourrisson sans allaitement maternel, mais seulement 3.5% connaissaient l'allaitement maternel exclusif pendant une certaine période de temps comme option d'alimentation du nourrisson. Néanmoins, la majorité des femmes pensait que le fait de ne pas allaiter était une option culturellement inacceptable. Conclusion: Les femmes de cette enquête connaissaient les méthodes de PTME, mais avaient une perception négative de certains aspects des services de conseil et de dépistage et de la recom mandation de l'option d'alimentation du nourrisson consistant à ne pas allaiter. Les travailleurs de la santé devraient fournir des services adaptés aux patientes et des conseils sur l'alimentation du nourrisson basés sur les recommandations de l'OMS et culturellement acceptables (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine is the property of African Online Scientific Information System PTY LTD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHILD care KW - PREGNANT women KW - PRIMARY health care KW - PRENATAL diagnosis KW - NIGERIA N1 - Accession Number: 83539952; Owoaje, Eme T. 1; Email Address: eowoaje@comui.edu.ng Omidokun, Adedoyin D. 1 Ige, Olusimbo K. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 2: Malaria Action Program for States, United States Agency for International Development, Nigeria; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CHILD care; Subject Term: PREGNANT women; Subject Term: PRIMARY health care; Subject Term: PRENATAL diagnosis; Subject Term: NIGERIA; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.4102/phcfm.v4i1.432 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83539952&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 108143656 T1 - The use of volunteer interpreters during the 201 0 Haiti earthquake: lessons learned from the USNS COMFORT Operation Unified Response Haiti. AU - Powell, Clydette AU - Pagliara-Miller, Claire Y1 - 2012///2012 Winter N1 - Accession Number: 108143656. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120824. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. Special Interest: Emergency Care. NLM UID: 101291100. KW - Natural Disasters KW - Hospitals, Military -- Administration KW - Medicine KW - Humanitarian Aid -- Administration KW - Ships KW - Translations KW - Volunteer Workers -- Administration KW - Adult KW - Disasters KW - Female KW - Haiti KW - Infection Control KW - Critical Care KW - Internal Medicine KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - United States SP - 37 EP - 47 JO - American Journal of Disaster Medicine JF - American Journal of Disaster Medicine JA - AM J DISASTER MED VL - 7 IS - 1 CY - Weston, Massachusetts PB - Weston Medical Publishing, LLC SN - 1932-149X AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. U2 - PMID: 22649867. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=108143656&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, Norm AU - Dary, Omar AU - Cappuccio, Francesco P. AU - Neufeld, Lynnette M. AU - Harding, Kimberly B. AU - Zimmermann, Michael B. T1 - Collaboration to optimize dietary intakes of salt and iodine: a critical but overlooked public health issue. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2012/01// VL - 90 IS - 1 M3 - Opinion SP - 73 EP - 74 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - In this article the authors reflect on collaborative efforts to optimize dietary intakes of salt and iodine which are being made to improve public health across the globe. They are supportive of efforts to establish guidelines on salt and iodine consumption and of a framework on salt and iodine consumption which is being developed by an expert committee convened by the Pan American Health Organization on Optimizing Dietary Salt and Iodine. KW - FOOD -- Sodium content KW - INTERPROFESSIONAL relations KW - IODINE KW - PUBLIC health N1 - Accession Number: 71420357; Campbell, Norm 1 Dary, Omar 2 Cappuccio, Francesco P. 3 Neufeld, Lynnette M. 4 Harding, Kimberly B. 4 Zimmermann, Michael B. 5; Email Address: michael.zimmermann@ilw.agrl.ethz.ch; Affiliation: 1: University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada 2: United States Agency for International Development Micronutrient and Child Blindness Project, Washington, DC, United States of America 3: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England 4: The Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Canada 5: The International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD), Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 90 Issue 1, p73; Subject Term: FOOD -- Sodium content; Subject Term: INTERPROFESSIONAL relations; Subject Term: IODINE; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Opinion L3 - 10.2471/BLT.11.092080 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71420357&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104514610 T1 - Collaboration to optimize dietary intakes of salt and iodine: a critical but overlooked public health issue. AU - Campbell, Norm AU - Dary, Omar AU - Cappuccio, Francesco P. AU - Neufeld, Lynnette M. AU - Harding, Kimberly B. AU - Zimmermann, Michael B. Y1 - 2012/01// N1 - Accession Number: 104514610. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120221. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Nutrition; Public Health. NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Sodium, Dietary -- Administration and Dosage KW - Iodine -- Administration and Dosage KW - Public Health KW - Collaboration -- Evaluation SP - 73 EP - 74 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 90 IS - 1 PB - World Health Organization SN - 0042-9686 AD - University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada AD - United States Agency for International Development Micronutrient and Child Blindness Project, Washington, DC, United States of America AD - Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England AD - The Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Canada AD - The International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD), Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland U2 - PMID: 22271970. DO - 10.2471/BLT.11.092080 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104514610&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - eims, La Rue K. AU - Alegre, Juan Carlo AU - Murei, Lily AU - Bragar, Joan AU - Thatte, Nandita AU - Kibunga, Peter AU - Cheburet, Sammuel T1 - Strengthening management and leadership practices to increase health-service delivery in Kenya: an evidence-based approach. JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health Y1 - 2012/01// VL - 10 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 25 EP - 31 SN - 14784491 AB - Background: The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that strengthening health systems, through improved leadership and management skills of health teams, can contribute to an increase in health-service delivery outcomes. The study was conducted in six provinces in the Republic of Kenya. Methods: The study used a non-randomized design comparing measures of key service delivery indicators addressed by health teams receiving leadership and management training (the intervention) against measures in comparison areas not receiving the intervention. Measurements were taken at three time periods: baseline, endline, and approximately six months post intervention. At the district level, health-service coverage was computed. At the facility level, the percentage change in the number of client visits was computed. The t-test was used to test for significance. Results: Results showed significant increases in health-service coverage at the district level (p = <0.05) in the intervention teams compared to the comparison teams. Similarly, there were significant increases in the number of client visits at the facility level in the intervention group versus comparison facilities (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Strengthening the leadership and management skills of health teams, through team-based approaches focused on selected challenges, contributed to improved health service delivery outcomes and these improvements were sustained at least for six months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Human Resources for Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH care teams KW - LEADERSHIP KW - MANAGEMENT science KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - KENYA KW - Health worker performance KW - Institutional strengthening KW - Kenya KW - Leadership KW - Management KW - Service delivery N1 - Accession Number: 82436152; eims, La Rue K. 1 Alegre, Juan Carlo 1 Murei, Lily 2 Bragar, Joan 3 Thatte, Nandita 4 Kibunga, Peter 5 Cheburet, Sammuel 6; Affiliation: 1: Management Sciences for Health, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22203, USA 2: Management Sciences for Health, Kenya (former), Box 61379, Nairobi 00200, Kenya 3: Management Sciences for Health, 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4: Public Health Institute Global Health Fellow, US Agency for International Development, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20523, USA 5: Management Sciences for Health, ACK Garden House, Block A, 6th Floor, First Ngong Road Avenue, off Bishops Road, PO Box 8700-00100, Nairobi, Kenya 6: Ministry of Health, Afya House, Cathedral Road PO Box: 30016-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: HEALTH care teams; Subject Term: LEADERSHIP; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT science; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: KENYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health worker performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Institutional strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kenya; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leadership; Author-Supplied Keyword: Management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Service delivery; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1478-4491-10-25 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82436152&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - ARVs as HIV Prevention: A Tough Road to Wide Impact. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2011/12/23/ VL - 334 IS - 6063 M3 - Opinion SP - 1645 EP - 1646 SN - 00368075 AB - The author explores the HIV/AIDS policy implications of research findings that heterosexual transmission of HIV can be prevented with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). The challenges of implementing an ARV control program are outlined, including the testing of infected and at-risk populations, adherence of subjects to the drug regimen, and the potential development of viral drug resistance. He concludes that ARVs can complement other HIV interventions, but HIV vaccine research is still a priority. KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Diagnosis KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - PATIENT compliance KW - DRUG resistance in microorganisms KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Vaccination KW - THERAPEUTIC use N1 - Accession Number: 70311355; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshetton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 12/23/2011, Vol. 334 Issue 6063, p1645; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Transmission; Subject Term: PATIENT compliance; Subject Term: DRUG resistance in microorganisms; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Vaccination; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Opinion L3 - 10.1126/science.1212353 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70311355&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kosgei, Rose J. AU - Lubano, Kizito M. AU - Shen, Changyu AU - Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K. AU - Musick, Beverly S. AU - Siika, Abraham M. AU - Mabeya, Hillary AU - Carter, E. Jane AU - Mwangi, Ann AU - Kiarie, James T1 - Impact of Integrated Family Planning and HIV Care Services on Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy Outcomes. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2011/12/15/ VL - 58 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - e121 EP - e126 SN - 15254135 AB - To determine the impact of routine care (RC) and integrated family planning (IFP) and HIV care service on family planning (FP) uptake and pregnancy outcomes.Retrospective cohort study conducted between October 10, 2005, and February 28, 2009.United States Agency for International Development—Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH) in western Kenya.Records of adult HIV-infected women.Integration of FP into one of the care teams.Incidence of FP methods and pregnancy.Four thousand thirty-one women (1453 IFP; 2578 RC) were eligible. Among the IFP group, there was a 16.7% increase (P < 0.001) [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.2% to 20.2%] in incidence of condom use, 12.9% increase (P < 0.001) (95% CI: 9.4% to 16.4%) in incidence of FP use including condoms, 3.8% reduction (P < 0.001) (95% CI: 1.9% to 5.6%) in incidence of FP use excluding condoms, and 0.1% increase (P = 0.9) (95% CI: -1.9% to 2.1%) in incidence of pregnancies. The attributable risk of the incidence rate per 100 person-years of IFP and RC for new condom use was 16.4 (95% CI: 11.9 to 21.0), new FP use including condoms was 13.5 (95% CI: 8.7 to 18.3), new FP use excluding condoms was -3.0 (95% CI: -4.6 to -1.4) and new cases of pregnancies was 1.2 (95% CI: -0.6 to 3.0).Integrating FP services into HIV care significantly increased the use of modern FP methods but no impact on pregnancy incidence. HIV programs need to consider integrating FP into their program structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV care KW - integrating family planning services KW - retrospective cohort study KW - USAID-AMPATH partnership N1 - Accession Number: 111807075; Kosgei, Rose J. 1 Lubano, Kizito M. 1 Shen, Changyu 1 Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K. 1 Musick, Beverly S. 1 Siika, Abraham M. 1 Mabeya, Hillary 1 Carter, E. Jane 1 Mwangi, Ann 1 Kiarie, James 1; Affiliation: 1: ∗ United States Agency for International Development—Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH) Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya † University of Nairobi, School of Medicine, Nairobi, Kenya ‡ Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya § Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya ‖ Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN ¶ Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya # Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.; Source Info: 12/15/2011, Vol. 58 Issue 5, pe121; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV care; Author-Supplied Keyword: integrating family planning services; Author-Supplied Keyword: retrospective cohort study; Author-Supplied Keyword: USAID-AMPATH partnership; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3723 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318237ca80 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111807075&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weisenfeld, Paul E. T1 - SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES OF THE HAITI EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE: THE EXPERIENCE OF USAID. JO - Emory International Law Review JF - Emory International Law Review Y1 - 2011/12// VL - 25 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 1097 EP - 1120 SN - 10522840 AB - The article focuses on the challenges associated with earthquake disaster in Haiti that occurred on January 12, 2010 and the support provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). It states that the earthquake in Haiti resulted in the destruction of infrastructure and loss of human lives so U.S. President Barack Obama ordered USAID to provide support for the recovery and reconstruction work alongside the international community to achieve lasting development gains. KW - EARTHQUAKE damage KW - EARTHQUAKE relief KW - INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) KW - PRESIDENTS -- United States KW - HAITI KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development KW - OBAMA, Barack, 1961- N1 - Accession Number: 77695996; Weisenfeld, Paul E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Assistant to the Administrator, Bureau for Food Security, U.S. Agency for International Development; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p1097; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKE damage; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKE relief; Subject Term: INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics); Subject Term: PRESIDENTS -- United States; Subject Term: HAITI; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921110 Executive Offices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; People: OBAMA, Barack, 1961-; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77695996&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carr, Edward R. T1 - If you are uncomfortable, you are probably doing it right. JO - Environment & Planning A JF - Environment & Planning A Y1 - 2011/12// VL - 43 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 2797 EP - 2800 SN - 0308518X AB - The article offers the author's insights on critical development studies and the engagement of development geographers in such studies. The author believes that the said studies are often based on little understanding of the object of the research and that development geographers working in a development agency are few. He also believes that unsettling questions arise when people view these agencies as area of contestations. KW - Sustainable development KW - Geographers KW - Geographical research KW - Economic development projects KW - Research -- Contracting out KW - Research -- Methodology N1 - Accession Number: 70586438; Carr, Edward R. 1,2; Email Address: carr@sc.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; 2: United States Agency for International Development, EGAT/ESP/GCC, Rm. 3.07-030B RRB, 1300 Pennsylvania Aye, NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 43 Issue 12, p2797; Thesaurus Term: Sustainable development; Subject Term: Geographers; Subject Term: Geographical research; Subject Term: Economic development projects; Subject Term: Research -- Contracting out; Subject Term: Research -- Methodology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=70586438&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2011-27813-022 AN - 2011-27813-022 AU - Shelton, James D T1 - Role of concurrency in generalised HIV epidemics. JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2011/11/26/ VL - 378 IS - 9806 SP - 1843 EP - 1843 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Shelton, James D, US Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2011-27813-022. PMID: 22118437 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Shelton, James D; US Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20111226. Correction Date: 20150413. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Comment/Reply. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; Epidemiology; HIV; Rural Environments; Sexual Partners. Minor Descriptor: Infectious Disorders; Population. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 1. Issue Publication Date: Nov 26, 2011. Copyright Statement: Elsevier Ltd. 2011. AB - Comments on an article by F. Tanser et al. (see record [rid]2011-15432-033[/rid]). Tanser et al. support direct messaging about sexual partner reduction for HIV prevention. How ever, it is not surprising that they did not see a role for concurrent or overlapping sexual partnerships in their study from South Africa. The study by Tanser et al. is not a formal test of the concurrency hypothesis. The analysis does not tell us whether a woman in this community is more likely to become HIV positive if her partners have concurrent partners, because Tanser et al. did not measure this, they measured the future risk a woman faces from the past characteristics of men who live within a few km radius of her. One does not have to turn to such convoluted, indirect analytical strategies to test the concurrency hypothesis. Direct empirical evidence comes from nine published studies, spanning 20 years and multiple sites in sub-Saharan Africa, none of which is cited by Tanser et al. The tone of the academic debate about the effect of concurrent partnerships on HIV risk is puzzling. Science and policy would be best served by moving beyond the longstanding partner reduction messages to test specific concurrency reduction interventions the old-fashioned way, with a multisite randomized controlled trial. Such studies are in development and contrary are to Tanser et al. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - sexual partnerships KW - HIV infections KW - epidemiology KW - rural environments KW - South African population KW - AIDS KW - 2011 KW - AIDS KW - Epidemiology KW - HIV KW - Rural Environments KW - Sexual Partners KW - Infectious Disorders KW - Population KW - 2011 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61802-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2011-27813-022&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jshelton@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Broughton, Edward I. AU - Gomez, Ivonne AU - Nuñez, Oscar AU - Wong, Yudy T1 - Cost-effectiveness of improving pediatric hospital care in Nicaragua. T2 - Costo-eficacia de la mejora de la atención hospitalaria pediátrica en Nicaragua. JO - Pan American Journal of Public Health JF - Pan American Journal of Public Health Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 30 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 453 EP - 460 SN - 10204989 AB - Objective. To determine the costs and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to improve quality of care for children with diarrhea or pneumonia in 14 hospitals in Nicaragua, based on expenditure data and impact measures. Methods. Hospital length of stay (LOS) and deaths were abstracted from a random sample of 1 294 clinical records completed at seven of the 14 participating hospitals before the intervention (2003) and 1 505 records completed after two years of intervention implementation ("post-intervention"; 2006). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were derived from out-come data. Hospitalization costs were calculated based on hospital and Ministry of Health records and private sector data. Intervention costs came from project accounting records. Decision-tree analysis was used to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness. Results. Average LOS decreased from 3.87 and 4.23 days pre-intervention to 3.55 and 3.94 days post-intervention for diarrhea (P = 0.078) and pneumonia (P = 0.055), respectively. Case fatalities decreased from 45/10 000 and 34/10 000 pre-intervention to 30/10 000 and 27/10 000 post-intervention for diarrhea (P = 0.062) and pneumonia (P = 0.37), respectively. Average total hospitalization and antibiotic costs for both diagnoses were US$ 451 (95% credibility interval [CI]: US$ 419--US$ 482) pre-intervention and US$ 437 (95% CI: US$ 402--US$ 464) post-intervention. The intervention was cost-saving in terms of DALYs (95% CI: --US$ 522--US$ 32 per DALY averted) and cost US$ 21 per hospital day averted (95% CI: --US$ 45--US$ 204). Conclusions. After two years of intervention implementation, LOS and deaths for diarrhea decreased, along with LOS for pneumonia, with no increase in hospitalization costs. If these changes were entirely attributable to the intervention, it would be cost-saving. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo. Determinar el costo y la eficacia en función del costo de una intervención para mejorar la calidad de la atención de niños con diarrea o neumonía en 14 hospitales de Nicaragua, sobre la base de la información sobre gastos y la medición de las repercusiones. Métodos. Se compilaron datos sobre la duración de la hospitalización y la mortalidad de una muestra aleatoria de 1 294 historias clínicas compiladas en 7 de los 14 hospitales participantes antes de la intervención (2003) y 1 505 historias clínicas compiladas después de dos años de ejecución de la intervención ("postintervención", 2006). Los años de vida ajustados en función de la discapacidad (AVAD) se obtuvieron de los resultados asistenciales. Se calcularon los costos de hospitalización según los registros de los hospitales y del Ministerio de Salud, y datos del sector privado. Los costos de la intervención se obtuvieron de los registros contables del proyecto. Para calcular la relación costo-eficacia incremental se usó un análisis de árbol de decisiones. Resultados. La duración promedio de la hospitalización disminuyó de 3,87 y 4,23 días antes de la intervención a 3,55 y 3,94 días después de la intervención para la diarrea (P = 0,078) y la neumonía (P = 0,055), respectivamente. La letalidad disminuyó de 45/10 000 y 34/10 000 antes de la intervención a 30/10 000 y 27/10 000 después de la intervención para la diarrea (P = 0,062) y la neumonía (P = 0,37), respectivamente. Los costos totales promedio de la hospitalización y de los antibióticos para ambos diagnósticos fueron de US$ 451 (intervalo de confianza [IC] de 95%: US$ 419 a US$ 482) antes de la intervención y US$ 437 (IC 95%: US$ 402--US$ 464) después. La intervención representó un ahorro de costos en cuanto a los AVAD (IC 95%: --US$ 522 a US$ 32 por cada AVAD evitado) y costó US$ 21 por cada día de hospitalización evitado (IC 95%: --US$ 45 a US$2 04). Conclusiones. Después de dos años de ejecución de la intervención, la duración de la hospitalización y la mortalidad por diarrea disminuyeron, junto con la duración de la hospitalización para la neumonía, sin un aumento de los costos de hospitalización. En caso de que estos cambios fueran totalmente atribuibles a la intervención, esta representaría un ahorro de costos. (Portuguese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Pan American Journal of Public Health is the property of Pan American Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HOSPITAL costs KW - CHILDREN'S hospitals -- Length of stay KW - COST effectiveness KW - DIARRHEA KW - PNEUMONIA KW - NICARAGUA KW - cost-benefit analysis KW - delivery of health care KW - diarrhea KW - Hospital costs KW - hospitals KW - Nicaragua KW - pediatric KW - pneumonia KW - análisis costo-beneficio KW - Costos de hospital KW - diarrea KW - hospitales pediátricos KW - neumonía KW - Nicaragua KW - prestación de atención de salud N1 - Accession Number: 70236692; Broughton, Edward I. 1; Email Address: ebrought@jhsph.edu Gomez, Ivonne 1 Nuñez, Oscar 1 Wong, Yudy 1; Affiliation: 1: University Research Co., LLC/United States Agency for International Development, Health Care Improvement Project, Bethesda, Maryland United States of America.; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 30 Issue 5, p453; Subject Term: HOSPITAL costs; Subject Term: CHILDREN'S hospitals -- Length of stay; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: DIARRHEA; Subject Term: PNEUMONIA; Subject Term: NICARAGUA; Author-Supplied Keyword: cost-benefit analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: delivery of health care; Author-Supplied Keyword: diarrhea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hospital costs; Author-Supplied Keyword: hospitals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nicaragua; Author-Supplied Keyword: pediatric; Author-Supplied Keyword: pneumonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: análisis costo-beneficio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Costos de hospital; Author-Supplied Keyword: diarrea; Author-Supplied Keyword: hospitales pediátricos; Author-Supplied Keyword: neumonía; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nicaragua; Author-Supplied Keyword: prestación de atención de salud; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Portuguese; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70236692&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Curran, Kelly AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Mirelman, Andrew AU - Dickson, Kim AU - Adamu, Tigistu AU - Cherutich, Peter AU - Mahler, Hally AU - Fimbo, Bennett AU - Mavuso, Thembisile Khumalo AU - Albertini, Jennifer AU - Fitzgerald, Laura AU - Bock, Naomi AU - Reed, Jason AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Stanton, David T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Strategies for Meeting the Human Resource Needs of Scale-Up in Southern and Eastern Africa. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 8 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces female-to-male HIV transmission by approximate- ly 60%; modeling suggests that scaling up VMMC to 80% of men 15- to 49-years-old within five years would avert over 3.3 million new HIV infections in 14 high priority countries/regions in southern and eastern Africa by 2025 and would require 20.33 million circumcisions. However, the shortage of health professionals in these countries must be addressed to reach these proposed coverage levels. To identify human resource approaches that are being used to improve VMMC volume and efficiency, we looked at previous literature and conducted a program review. We identified surgical efficiencies, non-surgical efficiencies, task shifting, task sharing, temporary redeployment of public sector staff during VMMC campaign periods, expansion of the health workforce through recruitment of unemployed, recently retired, newly graduating, or on-leave health care workers, and the use of volunteer medical staff from other countries as approaches that address human resource constraints. Case studies from Kenya, Tanzania, and Swaziland illustrate several innovative responses to human resource challenges. Although the shortage of skilled personnel remains a major challenge to the rapid scale-up of VMMC in the 14 African priority countries/regions, health programs throughout the region may be able to replicate or adapt these approaches to scale up VMMC for public health impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - RESEARCH KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - HUMAN capital KW - UNEMPLOYED KW - PUBLIC health KW - CASE studies KW - AFRICA N1 - Accession Number: 74484954; Curran, Kelly 1,2; Email Address: kcurran@jhpiego.net Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 3 Mirelman, Andrew 2 Dickson, Kim 4 Adamu, Tigistu 1 Cherutich, Peter 5 Mahler, Hally 6 Fimbo, Bennett 7 Mavuso, Thembisile Khumalo 8 Albertini, Jennifer 3 Fitzgerald, Laura 9 Bock, Naomi 10 Reed, Jason 10 Castor, Delivette 3 Stanton, David 3; Affiliation: 1: Jhpiego, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 2: International Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 4: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 5: National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya 6: Jhpiego/Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 7: Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 8: Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Swaziland 9: Jhpiego/Swaziland, Mbabane, Swaziland 10: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 8 Issue 11, Special section p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: HUMAN capital; Subject Term: UNEMPLOYED; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: CASE studies; Subject Term: AFRICA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001129 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74484954&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dickson, Kim E. AU - Tran, Nhan T. AU - Samuelson, Julia L. AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Cherutich, Peter AU - Dick, Bruce AU - Farley, Tim AU - Ryan, Caroline AU - Hankins, Catherine A. T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: A Framework Analysis of Policy and Program Implementation in Eastern and Southern Africa. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 8 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Background: Following confirmation of the effectiveness of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention, the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS issued recommendations in 2007. Less than 5 y later, priority countries are at different stages of program scale-up. This paper analyzes the progress towards the scale-up of VMMC programs. It analyzes the adoption of VMMC as an additional HIV prevention strategy and explores the factors may have expedited or hindered the adoption of policies and initial program implementation in priority countries to date. Methods and Findings: VMMCs performed in priority countries between 2008 and 2010 were recorded and used to classify countries into five adopter categories according to the Diffusion of Innovations framework. The main predictors of VMMC program adoption were determined and factors influencing subsequent scale-up explored. By the end of 2010, over 550,000 VMMCs had been performed, representing approximately 3% of the target coverage level in priority countries. The "early adopter" countries developed national VMMC policies and initiated VMMC program implementation soon after the release of the WHO recommendations. However, based on modeling using the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT), only Kenya appears to be on track towards achievement of the DMPPT-estimated 80% coverage goal by 2015, having already achieved 61.5% of the DMPPT target. None of the other countries appear to be on track to achieve their targets. Potential predicators of early adoption of male circumcision programs include having a VMMC focal person, establishing a national policy, having an operational strategy, and the establishment of a pilot program. Conclusions: Early adoption of VMMC policies did not necessarily result in rapid program scale-up. A key lesson is the importance of not only being ready to adopt a new intervention but also ensuring that factors critical to supporting and accelerating scale-up are incorporated into the program. The most successful program had country ownership and sustained leadership to translate research into a national policy and program [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - PUBLIC health KW - GOVERNMENT policy KW - AFRICA KW - WORLD Health Organization KW - UNITED Nations N1 - Accession Number: 74484958; Dickson, Kim E. 1; Email Address: Dicksonk@who.int Tran, Nhan T. 2 Samuelson, Julia L. 1 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 3 Cherutich, Peter 4 Dick, Bruce 1 Farley, Tim 1 Ryan, Caroline 5 Hankins, Catherine A. 6; Affiliation: 1: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 2: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 4: Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya 5: Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, United States Department of State, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 6: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 8 Issue 11, Special section p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Subject Term: AFRICA; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization Company/Entity: UNITED Nations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 919110 International and other extra-territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001133 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74484958&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Edgil, Dianna AU - Stankard, Petra AU - Forsythe, Steven AU - Rech, Dino AU - Chrouser, Kristin AU - Adamu, Tigistu AU - Sakallah, Sameer AU - Thomas, Anne Goldzier AU - Albertini, Jennifer AU - Stanton, David AU - Dickson, Kim Eva AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Logistics, Commodities, and Waste Management Requirements for Scale-Up of Services. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 8 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Background: The global HIV prevention community is implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs across eastern and southern Africa, with a goal of reaching 80% coverage in adult males by 2015. Successful implementation will depend on the accessibility of commodities essential for VMMC programming and the appropriate allocation of resources to support the VMMC supply chain. For this, the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, has developed a standard list of commodities for VMMC programs. Methods and Findings: This list of commodities was used to inform program planning for a 1-y program to circumcise 152,000 adult men in Swaziland. During this process, additional key commodities were identified, expanding the standard list to include commodities for waste management, HIV counseling and testing, and the treatment of sexually transmitted infections. The approximate costs for the procurement of commodities, management of a supply chain, and waste disposal, were determined for the VMMC program in Swaziland using current market prices of goods and services. Previous costing studies of VMMC programs did not capture supply chain costs, nor the full range of commodities needed for VMMC program implementation or waste management. Our calculations indicate that depending upon the volume of services provided, supply chain and waste management, including commodities and associated labor, contribute between US$58.92 and US$73.57 to the cost of performing one adult male circumcision in Swaziland. Conclusions: Experience with the VMMC program in Swaziland indicates that supply chain and waste management add approximately US$60 per circumcision, nearly doubling the total per procedure cost estimated previously; these additional costs are used to inform the estimate of per procedure costs modeled by Njeuhmeli et al. in "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Expanding Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa." Program planners and policy makers should consider the significant contribution of supply chain and waste management to VMMC program costs as they determine future resource needs for VMMC programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - RESEARCH KW - WASTE management KW - SUPPLY chains KW - AFRICA KW - WORLD Health Organization KW - UNITED Nations N1 - Accession Number: 74484953; Edgil, Dianna 1; Email Address: dedgil@usaid.gov Stankard, Petra 2 Forsythe, Steven 3 Rech, Dino 4 Chrouser, Kristin 5 Adamu, Tigistu 5 Sakallah, Sameer 6 Thomas, Anne Goldzier 7 Albertini, Jennifer 8 Stanton, David 1 Dickson, Kim Eva 9 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 2: Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America 3: Futures Institute, Glastonbury, Connecticut, United States of America 4: Centre for HIV and AIDS Prevention Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa 5: Jhpiego, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 6: Supply Chain Management Systems, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America 7: Department of Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Program, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America 8: United States Agency for International Development, Mbabane, Swaziland 9: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 8 Issue 11, Special section p1; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WASTE management; Subject Term: SUPPLY chains; Subject Term: AFRICA; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization Company/Entity: UNITED Nations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562212 Solid Waste Landfill; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562110 Waste collection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562119 Other Waste Collection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 919110 International and other extra-territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001128 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74484953&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hankins, Catherine AU - Forsythe, Steven AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: An Introduction to the Cost, Impact, and Challenges of Accelerated Scaling Up. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 8 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention is cost saving and creates fiscal space in the future that otherwise would have been encumbered by antiretroviral treatment costs. An investment of US$1,500,000,000 between 2011 and 2015 to achieve 80% coverage in 13 priority countries in southern and eastern Africa will result in net savings of US$16,500,000,000. Strong political leadership, country ownership, and stakeholder engagement, along with effective demand creation, community mobilisation, and human resource deployment, are essential. This collection of articles on determining the cost and impact of VMMC for HIV prevention signposts the way forward to scaling up VMMC service delivery safely and efficiently to reap individual- and population-level benefits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - RESEARCH KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - MOBILIZATION (Social action) KW - HUMAN capital KW - DEVELOPING countries KW - AFRICA N1 - Accession Number: 74484952; Hankins, Catherine 1; Email Address: hankinsc@unaids.org Forsythe, Steven 2 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 3; Affiliation: 1: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland 2: Futures Institute, Glastonbury, Connecticut, United States of America 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 8 Issue 11, Special section p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: MOBILIZATION (Social action); Subject Term: HUMAN capital; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Subject Term: AFRICA; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001127 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74484952&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - CASE AU - Mahler, Hally R. AU - Kileo, Baldwin AU - Curran, Kelly AU - Plotkin, Marya AU - Adamu, Tigistu AU - Hellar, Augustino AU - Koshuma, Sifuni AU - Nyabenda, Simeon AU - Machaku, Michael AU - Lukobo-Durrell, Mainza AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Fimbo, Bennett T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Matching Demand and Supply with Quality and Efficiency in a High-Volume Campaign in Iringa Region, Tanzania. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 8 IS - 11 M3 - Case Study SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - The government of Tanzania has adopted voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an important component of its national HIV prevention strategy and is scaling up VMMC in eight regions nationwide, with the goal of reaching 2.8 million uncircumcised men by 2015. In a 2010 campaign lasting six weeks, five health facilities in Tanzania's Iringa Region performed 10,352 VMMCs, which exceeded the campaign's target by 72%, with an adverse event (AE) rate of 1%. HIV testing was almost universal during the campaign. Through the adoption of approaches designed to improve clinical efficiency--including the use of the forceps-guided surgical method, the use of multiple beds in an assembly line by surgical teams, and task shifting and task sharing--the campaign matched the supply of VMMC services with demand. Community mobilization and bringing client preparation tasks (such as counseling, testing, and client scheduling) out of the facility and into the community helped to generate demand. This case study suggests that a campaign approach can be used to provide high-volume quality VMMC services without compromising client safety, and provides a model for matching supply and demand for VMMC services in other settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - PUBLIC health KW - MOBILIZATION (Social action) KW - TANZANIA N1 - Accession Number: 74484956; Mahler, Hally R. 1; Email Address: hmahler@jhpiego.net Kileo, Baldwin 1 Curran, Kelly 2 Plotkin, Marya 1 Adamu, Tigistu 2 Hellar, Augustino 1 Koshuma, Sifuni 3 Nyabenda, Simeon 1 Machaku, Michael 1 Lukobo-Durrell, Mainza 2 Castor, Delivette 4 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 4 Fimbo, Bennett 5; Affiliation: 1: Jhpiego/Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2: Jhpiego, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America 3: Ministry of Health, Iringa Region, Tanzania 4: Office of HIV and AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 8 Issue 11, Special section p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: MOBILIZATION (Social action); Subject Term: TANZANIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Case Study UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74484956&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mwandi, Zebedee AU - Murphy, Anne AU - Reed, Jason AU - Chesang, Kipruto AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Agot, Kawango AU - Llewellyn, Emma AU - Kirui, Charles AU - Serrem, Kennedy AU - Abuya, Isaac AU - Loolpapit, Mores AU - Mbayaki, Regina AU - Kiriro, Ndungu AU - Cherutich, Peter AU - Muraguri, Nicholas AU - Motoku, John AU - Kioko, Jack AU - Knight, Nancy AU - Bock, Naomi T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Translating Research into the Rapid Expansion of Services in Kenya, 2008--2011. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 8 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Since the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS recommended implementation of medical male circumcision (MC) as part of HIV prevention in areas with low MC and high HIV prevalence rates in 2007, the government of Kenya has developed a strategy to circumcise 80% of uncircumcised men within five years. To facilitate the quick translation of research to practice, a national MC task force was formed in 2007, a medical MC policy was implemented in early 2008, and Nyanza Province, the region with the highest HIV burden and low rates of circumcision, was prioritized for services under the direction of a provincial voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) task force. The government's early and continuous engagement with community leaders/elders, politicians, youth, and women's groups has led to the rapid endorsement and acceptance of VMMC. In addition, several innovative approaches have helped to optimize VMMC scale-up. Since October 2008, the Kenyan VMMC program has circumcised approximately 290,000 men, mainly in Nyanza Province, an accomplishment made possible through a combination of governmental leadership, a documented implementation strategy, and the adoption of appropriate and innovative approaches. Kenya's success provides a model for others planning VMMC scale-up programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - KENYA KW - WORLD Health Organization KW - UNITED Nations N1 - Accession Number: 74484955; Mwandi, Zebedee 1; Email Address: zmwandi@ke.cdc.gov Murphy, Anne 2 Reed, Jason 3 Chesang, Kipruto 1 Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 4 Agot, Kawango 5 Llewellyn, Emma 6 Kirui, Charles 7 Serrem, Kennedy 8 Abuya, Isaac 9 Loolpapit, Mores 10 Mbayaki, Regina 11 Kiriro, Ndungu 12 Cherutich, Peter 13 Muraguri, Nicholas 13 Motoku, John 14 Kioko, Jack 15 Knight, Nancy 1 Bock, Naomi 3; Affiliation: 1: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya 2: United States Agency for International Development, Nairobi, Kenya 3: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America 4: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya 6: Nyanza Reproductive Health Society, Kisumu, Kenya 7: Kenya Medical Research Institute--Family AIDS and Care Education Services, Nairobi, Kenya 8: Catholic Medical Missions Board, Nairobi, Kenya 9: C-Change Communication for Change, Nairobi, Kenya 10: Family Health International, Nairobi, Kenya 11: Engender Health (APHIA II Nyanza), Kisumu, Kenya 12: Population Services International, Nairobi, Kenya 13: Kenya National AIDS and STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya 14: Eastern Deanery AIDS Response Program, Nairobi, Kenya 15: Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kisumu, Kenya; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 8 Issue 11, Special section p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: KENYA; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization Company/Entity: UNITED Nations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 919110 International and other extra-territorial public administration; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001130 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74484955&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Forsythe, Steven AU - Reed, Jason AU - Opuni, Marjorie AU - Bollinger, Lori AU - Heard, Nathan AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Stover, John AU - Farley, Timothy AU - Menon, Veena AU - Hankins, Catherine T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Expanding Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 8 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - Background: There is strong evidence showing that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces HIV incidence in men. To inform the VMMC policies and goals of 13 priority countries in eastern and southern Africa, we estimate the impact and cost of scaling up adult VMMC using updated, country-specific data. Methods and Findings: We use the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT) to model the impact and cost of scaling up adult VMMC in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Nyanza Province in Kenya. We use epidemiologic and demographic data from recent household surveys for each country. The cost of VMMC ranges from US$65.85 to US$95.15 per VMMC performed, based on a cost assessment of VMMC services aligned with the World Health Organization's considerations of models for optimizing volume and efficiencies. Results from the DMPPT models suggest that scaling up adult VMMC to reach 80% coverage in the 13 countries by 2015 would entail performing 20.34 million circumcisions between 2011 and 2015 and an additional 8.42 million between 2016 and 2025 (to maintain the 80% coverage). Such a scale-up would result in averting 3.36 million new HIV infections through 2025. In addition, while the model shows that this scale-up would cost a total of US$2 billion between 2011 and 2025, it would result in net savings (due to averted treatment and care costs) amounting to US$16.51 billion. Conclusions: This study suggests that rapid scale-up of VMMC in eastern and southern Africa is warranted based on the likely impact on the region's HIV epidemics and net savings. Scaling up of safe VMMC in eastern and southern Africa will lead to a substantial reduction in HIV infections in the countries and lower health system costs through averted HIV care costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Medicine is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - PUBLIC health KW - SOCIAL surveys KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - AFRICA KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 74484957; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 1; Email Address: enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov Forsythe, Steven 2 Reed, Jason 3 Opuni, Marjorie 4 Bollinger, Lori 2 Heard, Nathan 5 Castor, Delivette 1 Stover, John 2 Farley, Timothy 6 Menon, Veena 7 Hankins, Catherine 8; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 2: Futures Institute, Glastonbury, Connecticut, United States of America 3: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America 4: UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland 5: Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, United States Department of State, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 6: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 7: Futures Group, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 8: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 8 Issue 11, Special section p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: SOCIAL surveys; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: AFRICA; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001132 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74484957&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bertrand, Jane T. AU - Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel AU - Forsythe, Steven AU - Mattison, Sarah K. AU - Mahler, Hally AU - Hankins, Catherine A. T1 - Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Challenges of Costing Demand Creation in Eastern and Southern Africa. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2011/11// VL - 6 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Background: This paper proposes an approach to estimating the costs of demand creation for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) scale-up in 13 countries of eastern and southern Africa. It addresses two key questions: (1) what are the elements of a standardized package for demand creation? And (2) what challenges exist and must be taken into account in estimating the costs of demand creation? Methods and Findings: We conducted a key informant study on VMMC demand creation using purposive sampling to recruit seven people who provide technical assistance to government programs and manage budgets for VMMC demand creation. Key informants provided their views on the important elements of VMMC demand creation and the most effective funding allocations across different types of communication approaches (e.g., mass media, small media, outreach/ mobilization). The key finding was the wide range of views, suggesting that a standard package of core demand creation elements would not be universally applicable. This underscored the importance of tailoring demand creation strategies and estimates to specific country contexts before estimating costs. The key informant interviews, supplemented by the researchers' field experience, identified these issues to be addressed in future costing exercises: variations in the cost of VMMC demand creation activities by country and program, decisions about the quality and comprehensiveness of programming, and lack of data on critical elements needed to "trigger the decision" among eligible men. Conclusions: Based on this study's findings, we propose a seven-step methodological approach to estimate the cost of VMMC scale-up in a priority country, based on our key assumptions. However, further work is needed to better understand core components of a demand creation package and how to cost them. Notwithstanding the methodological challenges, estimating the cost of demand creation remains an essential element in deriving estimates of the total costs for VMMC scale-up in eastern and southern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - INITIATION rites KW - PENIS -- Surgery KW - EASTERN Africa KW - SOUTHERN Africa N1 - Accession Number: 73904568; Bertrand, Jane T. 1; Email Address: bertrand@tulane.edu Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel 2 Forsythe, Steven 3 Mattison, Sarah K. 1 Mahler, Hally 4 Hankins, Catherine A. 5; Affiliation: 1: Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 3: Futures Institute, Glastonbury, Connecticut, United States of America 4: Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 5: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 6 Issue 11, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: INITIATION rites; Subject Term: PENIS -- Surgery; Subject Term: EASTERN Africa; Subject Term: SOUTHERN Africa; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0027562 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73904568&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104515810 T1 - Cost-effectiveness of improving pediatric hospital care in Nicaragua. AU - Broughton, Edward I. AU - Gomez, Ivonne AU - Nuñez, Oscar AU - Wong, Yudy Y1 - 2011/11// N1 - Accession Number: 104515810. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120501. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Pediatric Care; Public Health; Quality Assurance. Grant Information: This work was supported by the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and its Quality Assurance Project (QAP)(contract no. GHN-I-01-00003-00) and Health Care Improvement (HCI) Project (contract no. GHN-I-01-07-00003-00), implemented by University Research Co., LLC (URC).. NLM UID: 9705400. KW - Quality Improvement KW - Pneumonia -- Therapy KW - Diarrhea -- Therapy KW - Pediatric Care -- Economics KW - Health Facility Costs -- Nicaragua KW - Nicaragua KW - Length of Stay KW - Random Sample KW - Record Review KW - Pretest-Posttest Design KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Hospital Mortality KW - Cost Benefit Analysis KW - Health Care Delivery KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Human KW - One-Way Analysis of Variance KW - Child, Hospitalized KW - Funding Source KW - Treatment Outcomes SP - 453 EP - 460 JO - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica JF - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica JA - PAN AM J PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 30 IS - 5 CY - Washington, District of Columbia PB - Pan American Health Organization AB - Objective. To determine the costs and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to improve quality of care for children with diarrhea or pneumonia in 14 hospitals in Nicaragua, based on expenditure data and impact measures. Methods. Hospital length of stay (LOS) and deaths were abstracted from a random sample of 1 294 clinical records completed at seven of the 14 participating hospitals before the intervention (2003) and 1 505 records completed after two years of intervention implementation ("post-intervention"; 2006). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were derived from outcome data. Hospitalization costs were calculated based on hospital and Ministry of Health records and private sector data. Intervention costs came from project accounting records. Decision-tree analysis was used to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness. Results. Average LOS decreased from 3.87 and 4.23 days pre-intervention to 3.55 and 3.94 days post-intervention for diarrhea (P = 0.078) and pneumonia (P = 0.055), respectively. Case fatalities decreased from 45/10 000 and 34/10 000 pre-intervention to 30/10 000 and 27/10 000 post-intervention for diarrhea (P = 0.062) and pneumonia (P = 0.37), respectively. Average total hospitalization and antibiotic costs for both diagnoses were US$ 451 (95% credibility interval [CI]: US$ 419-US$ 482) pre-intervention and US$ 437 (95% CI: US$ 402-US$ 464) post-intervention. The intervention was cost-saving in terms of DALYs (95% CI: -US$ 522- US$ 32 per DALY averted) and cost US$ 21 per hospital day averted (95% CI: -US$ 45- US$ 204). Conclusions. After two years of intervention implementation, LOS and deaths for diarrhea decreased, along with LOS for pneumonia, with no increase in hospitalization costs. If these changes were entirely attributable to the intervention, it would be cost-saving. SN - 1020-4989 AD - University Research Co., LLC/United States Agency for International Development, Health Care Improvement Project, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America U2 - PMID: 22262272. DO - dx.doi.org/S1020-49892011001100008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104515810&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104691234 T1 - Facts, Attitudes, and Health Reasoning About HIV and AIDS: Explaining the Education Effect on Condom Use Among Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. AU - Baker, David AU - Leon, Juan AU - Collins, John Y1 - 2011/10// N1 - Accession Number: 104691234. Language: English. Entry Date: 20111024. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: This research is supported by NSF Grant SES- 0826712, and the authors thank Ashley Frost and Francis Dodoo for comments on earlier drafts. NLM UID: 9712133. KW - Health Education KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- Prevention and Control KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Sexual Partners KW - Attitude to Health KW - Human KW - Africa South of the Sahara KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Male KW - Female KW - Logistic Regression KW - Risk Taking Behavior KW - Funding Source SP - 1319 EP - 1327 JO - AIDS & Behavior JF - AIDS & Behavior JA - AIDS BEHAV VL - 15 IS - 7 CY - , PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1090-7165 AD - Population Research Institute and Department of Education Policy, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16801 USA AD - USAID, Washington USA U2 - PMID: 20544383. DO - 10.1007/s10461-010-9717-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104691234&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Furlow, John AU - Smith, Joel B. AU - Anderson, Glen AU - Breed, William AU - Padgham, Jon T1 - Building resilience to climate change through development assistance: USAID's climate adaptation program. JO - Climatic Change JF - Climatic Change Y1 - 2011/10// VL - 108 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 411 EP - 421 SN - 01650009 AB - The topics of climate change and of what to do about it have been the subject of discussion for over two decades. Much of the focus has been on mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to reduce the rate and magnitude of changes. Adapting to the impacts of those changes has received much less attention. In recent years, the development assistance community has recognized that climate change poses a stress on economic and social development in poor countries and has turned its attention to addressing climate stress. The US Agency for International Development developed a methodology of working with stakeholders to identify sources of climate related vulnerability and approaches to reducing that vulnerability. The methodology was developed iteratively with several pilot studies looking at vulnerability and adaptation in different sectors and settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Climatic changes KW - Greenhouse gas mitigation KW - Development assistance program administration KW - Economic development KW - Social development KW - United States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 65517890; Furlow, John 1; Email Address: jfurlow@usaid.gov; Smith, Joel B. 2; Anderson, Glen 3; Breed, William 1; Padgham, Jon 4; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NW,Washington, DC 20523, USA; 2: Stratus Consulting Inc., Boulder, CO, USA; 3: International Resources Group, Washington, DC, USA; 4: International Start Secretariat, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: Oct2011, Vol. 108 Issue 3, p411; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gas mitigation; Subject Term: Development assistance program administration; Subject Term: Economic development; Subject Term: Social development ; Company/Entity: United States. Agency for International Development; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10584-011-0127-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=65517890&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104689032 T1 - Everywhere you go, everyone is saying condom, condom. But are they being used consistently? Reflections of South African male students about male and female condom use. AU - Mantell, Joanne E. AU - Smit, Jennifer A. AU - Beksinska, Mags AU - Scorgie, Fiona AU - Milford, Cecilia AU - Balch, Erin AU - Mabude, Zonke AU - Smith, Emily AU - Adams-Skinner, Jessica AU - Exner, Theresa M. AU - Hoffman, Susie AU - Stein, Zena A. Y1 - 2011/10// N1 - Accession Number: 104689032. Language: English. Entry Date: 20111003. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Europe; Health Promotion/Education; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Grant Information: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R01-HD046351; Female Condom Use among South African College Students, principal investigator: Joanne E. Mantell, PhD; South African Site, principal investigator: Jennifer A. Smit, PhD]; the National Institute of Mental Health to the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University [P30-MH43520; principal investigator: Anke A. Ehrhardt, PhD]; the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation (grant #2008-1940 to J.A.S., M.B., Z.M., and C.M.].. NLM UID: 8608459. KW - Students -- Psychosocial Factors -- South Africa KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Condoms -- Evaluation KW - Funding Source KW - Human KW - Male KW - Female KW - South Africa KW - Focus Groups KW - Audiorecording KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Data Analysis, Statistical KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Adult KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Convenience Sample SP - 859 EP - 871 JO - Health Education Research JF - Health Education Research JA - HEALTH EDUC RES VL - 26 IS - 5 PB - Oxford University Press / USA AB - Young men in South Africa can play a critical role in preventing new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, yet are seldom targeted for HIV prevention. While reported condom use at last sex has increased considerably among young people, consistent condom use remains a challenge. In this study, 74 male higher education students gave their perspectives on male and female condoms in 10 focus group discussions. All believed that condoms should be used when wanting to prevent conception and protect against HIV, although many indicated that consistent condom use was seldom attained, if at all. Three possible situations for not using condoms were noted: (i) when sex happens in the heat of the moment and condoms are unavailable, (ii) when sexual partnerships have matured and (iii) when female partners implicitly accept unprotected sex. Men viewed it as their responsibility to have male condoms available, but attitudes about whose decision it was to initiate condom use were mixed. Almost all sexually active men had male condom experience; however, very few had used female condoms. Prevention initiatives should challenge traditional gendered norms that underpin poor condom uptake and continued use and build on the apparent shifts in these norms that are allowing women greater sexual agency. SN - 0268-1153 AD - Department of Psychiatry, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA AD - Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, 4110 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2001 Gauteng, South Africa; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa AD - Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, 4110 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2001 Gauteng, South Africa AD - Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, 4110 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa AD - United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20523, USA AD - Department of Psychiatry, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Joseph Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA AD - Department of Psychiatry, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Joseph Mailman School of Public Health, GH Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA U2 - PMID: 21693684. DO - her/cyr041 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104689032&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brewinski, Margaret AU - Megazzini, Karen AU - Freimanis Hance, Laura AU - Cruz, Miguel Cashat AU - Pavia-Ruz, Noris AU - Della Negra, Marinella AU - Ferreira, Flavia Gomes Faleiro AU - Marques, Heloisa AU - Hazra, Rohan AU - Hance, Laura Freimanis AU - NISDI Pediatric Study Group 2010 T1 - Dyslipidemia in a cohort of HIV-infected Latin American children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. JO - Journal of Tropical Pediatrics JF - Journal of Tropical Pediatrics Y1 - 2011/10// VL - 57 IS - 5 M3 - journal article SP - 324 EP - 332 SN - 01426338 AB - In order to describe the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in a cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in Latin America and to determine associations with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we performed this cross-sectional analysis within the NICHD International Site Development Initiative pediatric cohort study. Eligible children had to be at least 2 years of age and be on HAART. Among the 477 eligible HIV-infected youth, 98 (20.5%) had hypercholesterolemia and 140 (29.4%) had hypertriglyceridemia. In multivariable analyses, children receiving protease inhibitor (PI)-containing HAART were at increased risk for hypercholesterolemia [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–5.6] and hypertriglyceridemia (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.9–6.4) compared with children receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing HAART. In conclusion, HIV-infected youth receiving PI-containing HAART in this Latin American cohort were at increased risk for hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia compared with those receiving NNRTI-containing HAART. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Journal of Tropical Pediatrics is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DYSLIPIDEMIA KW - HIV infections KW - HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy KW - HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA KW - HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - COHORT analysis KW - CROSS-sectional method KW - LATIN America KW - cholesterol KW - HIV KW - pediatric KW - triglycerides N1 - Accession Number: 66304790; Brewinski, Margaret 1,2 Megazzini, Karen 3 Freimanis Hance, Laura 3 Cruz, Miguel Cashat 4 Pavia-Ruz, Noris 4 Della Negra, Marinella 5 Ferreira, Flavia Gomes Faleiro 6 Marques, Heloisa 7 Hazra, Rohan 1 Hance, Laura Freimanis NISDI Pediatric Study Group 2010; Affiliation: 1: Pediatric, Adolescent and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510, USA 2: Office of HIV/AIDS, The United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20005, USA 3: Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, USA 4: Clinica de Inmunodeficiencias/Depto. Infectología; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico, CP 06720 5: Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Sao Paolo, CEP 02146-900, Brazil 6: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30130-100, Brazil 7: Instituto da Crianca – HCFM Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-900, Brazil; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 57 Issue 5, p324; Subject Term: DYSLIPIDEMIA; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; Subject Term: HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA; Subject Term: HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: COHORT analysis; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: LATIN America; Author-Supplied Keyword: cholesterol; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: pediatric; Author-Supplied Keyword: triglycerides; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1093/tropej/fmq089 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66304790&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme AU - Smith, Nathan AU - Ekal, Emmanuel AU - Cole, Donald AU - Ndege, Samson T1 - Spatial Distribution of Bednet Coverage under Routine Distribution through the Public Health Sector in a Rural District in Kenya. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2011/10// VL - 6 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are one of the most important and cost-effective tools for malaria control. Maximizing individual and community benefit from ITNs requires high population-based coverage. Several mechanisms are used to distribute ITNs, including health facility-based targeted distribution to high-risk groups; community-based mass distribution; social marketing with or without private sector subsidies; and integrating ITN delivery with other public health interventions. The objective of this analysis is to describe bednet coverage in a district in western Kenya where the primary mechanism for distribution is to pregnant women and infants who attend antenatal and immunization clinics. We use data from a population-based census to examine the extent of, and factors correlated with, ownership of bednets. We use both multivariable logistic regression and spatial techniques to explore the relationship between household bednet ownership and sociodemographic and geographic variables. We show that only 21% of households own any bednets, far lower than the national average, and that ownership is not significantly higher amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. We also show that coverage is spatially heterogeneous with less than 2% of the population residing in zones with adequate coverage to experience indirect effects of ITN protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets KW - PUBLIC health KW - NATIONAL health services KW - DEMOGRAPHIC surveys KW - HEALTH facilities KW - KENYA N1 - Accession Number: 73890282; O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme 1,2,3,4; Email Address: wendypomeara@gmail.com Smith, Nathan 2 Ekal, Emmanuel 5 Cole, Donald 6 Ndege, Samson 3,4; Affiliation: 1: Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America 2: Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America 3: Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Moi University School of Public Health, Eldoret, Kenya 4: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya 5: Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya 6: Division of Global Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 6 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: NATIONAL health services; Subject Term: DEMOGRAPHIC surveys; Subject Term: HEALTH facilities; Subject Term: KENYA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0025949 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73890282&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2011-20503-009 AN - 2011-20503-009 AU - Mantell, Joanne E. AU - Smit, Jennifer A. AU - Beksinska, Mags AU - Scorgie, Fiona AU - Milford, Cecilia AU - Balch, Erin AU - Mabude, Zonke AU - Smith, Emily AU - Adams-Skinner, Jessica AU - Exner, Theresa M. AU - Hoffman, Susie AU - Stein, Zena A. T1 - Everywhere you go, everyone is saying condom, condom. But are they being used consistently? Reflections of South African male students about male and female condom use. JF - Health Education Research JO - Health Education Research JA - Health Educ Res Y1 - 2011/10// VL - 26 IS - 5 SP - 859 EP - 871 CY - United Kingdom PB - Oxford University Press SN - 0268-1153 SN - 1465-3648 AD - Mantell, Joanne E., Department of Psychiatry, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, US, 10032 N1 - Accession Number: 2011-20503-009. PMID: 21693684 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Mantell, Joanne E.; Department of Psychiatry, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, US. Release Date: 20111219. Correction Date: 20130909. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Mantell, Joanne E. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Condoms; Psychosexual Behavior; School Based Intervention. Minor Descriptor: Human Males. Classification: Educational/Vocational Counseling & Student Services (3580). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: South Africa. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Focus Group; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 13. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 2011. Publication History: First Posted Date: Jun 21, 2011; Accepted Date: Apr 28, 2011; First Submitted Date: Jun 16, 2010. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. The Author. 2011. AB - Young men in South Africa can play a critical role in preventing new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, yet are seldom targeted for HIV prevention. While reported condom use at last sex has increased considerably among young people, consistent condom use remains a challenge. In this study, 74 male higher education students gave their perspectives on male and female condoms in 10 focus group discussions. All believed that condoms should be used when wanting to prevent conception and protect against HIV, although many indicated that consistent condom use was seldom attained, if at all. Three possible situations for not using condoms were noted: (i) when sex happens in the heat of the moment and condoms are unavailable, (ii) when sexual partnerships have matured and (iii) when female partners implicitly accept unprotected sex. Men viewed it as their responsibility to have male condoms available, but attitudes about whose decision it was to initiate condom use were mixed. Almost all sexually active men had male condom experience; however, very few had used female condoms. Prevention initiatives should challenge traditional gendered norms that underpin poor condom uptake and continued use and build on the apparent shifts in these norms that are allowing women greater sexual agency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - condom usage KW - South Africans KW - male students KW - HIV prevention KW - 2011 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Condoms KW - Psychosexual Behavior KW - School Based Intervention KW - Human Males KW - 2011 U1 - Sponsor: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, US. Grant: R01-HD046351. Other Details: Female Condom Use among South African College Students. Recipients: Mantell, Joanne E. (Prin Inv); Smit, Jennifer A. (Prin Inv) U1 - Sponsor: National Institute of Mental Health, US. Grant: P30-MH43520. Other Details: Grant to HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University. Recipients: Ehrhardt, Anke A. (Prin Inv) U1 - Sponsor: William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. Grant: 2008-1940. Recipients: Smit, Jennifer A.; Beksinska, Mags; Milford, Cecilia; Mabude, Zonke DO - 10.1093/her/cyr041 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2011-20503-009&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jem57@columbia.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2011-22380-004 AN - 2011-22380-004 AU - Baker, David P. AU - Leon, Juan AU - Collins, John M. T1 - Facts, attitudes, and health reasoning about HIV and AIDS: Explaining the education effect on condom use among adults in sub-Saharan Africa. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2011/10// VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 1319 EP - 1327 CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - Baker, David P., Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, US, 16801 N1 - Accession Number: 2011-22380-004. PMID: 20544383 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Baker, David P.; Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, US. Release Date: 20111121. Correction Date: 20120618. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; Condoms; Health Education; HIV; Reasoning. Minor Descriptor: Attitudes; Pandemics. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: US. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 9. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 2011. Publication History: First Posted Date: Jun 11, 2010. Copyright Statement: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2010. AB - In contrast to earlier in the HIV/AIDS pandemic, net of other demographic factors, formal education acts as a preventative factor in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this trend, there has been almost no research on the causal mechanisms behind the widely reported education effect. Consistent with the education effect, structural equation modeling of the influence of education attainment on condom use with Demographic Health Survey data from nine sub-Saharan Africa nations collected between 2003 and 2005 finds that net of control variables, there is a robust, positive influence of education on condom use among sexually risky adults. Information-transfer and attitude change, the two most commonly assumed educational influences on the use of condoms, are tested, and although education attainment increases acquisition of basic facts and the inculcation of positive attitudes about HIV/AIDS, these factors have only weak influence on condom use. Given this, a new hypothesis about education’s enhancement of health reasoning is developed from neuro-developmental and decision-making research. Modeling finds that education robustly influences health reasoning ability and this factor mediates a significant proportion of the education effect on condom use. The results raise concern about the enormous effort by NGOs in the region to use mainly fact- and attitude-based educational programs to reduce future HIV infections. Future research on the causal mechanisms behind the association between education and HIV/AIDS prevention should focus how on schooling enhances the cognitive skills needed for health reasoning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - attitudes KW - health reasoning KW - HIV KW - AIDS KW - condom use KW - pandemics KW - 2011 KW - AIDS KW - Condoms KW - Health Education KW - HIV KW - Reasoning KW - Attitudes KW - Pandemics KW - 2011 U1 - Sponsor: National Science Foundation. Grant: SES-0826712. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1007/s10461-010-9717-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2011-22380-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jjl292@psu.edu UR - dpb4@psu.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norton, Maureen AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. AU - Pattinson, Robert AU - Goldenberg, Robert L. T1 - Stillbirth and healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2011/09/03/ VL - 378 IS - 9794 M3 - Article SP - 876 EP - 877 SN - 00995355 AB - Letter to the editor and replies are presented about the articles "Stillbirths: what difference can we make and at what cost," by Zulfiqar A. Bhutta and colleagues in the April 30, 2011 issue and "Stillbirths: how can health systems deliver for mothers and babies," by Robert Pattinson and colleagues in the May 7, 2011 issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - STILLBIRTH KW - LABOR complications (Obstetrics) KW - PERINATAL death KW - MEDICAL care N1 - Accession Number: 65468878; Norton, Maureen 1 Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. 2; Email Address: zulfiqar.bhutta@aku.edu Pattinson, Robert 3 Goldenberg, Robert L. 4; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA 2: Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan 3: Medical Research Council, Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 4: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Source Info: 9/3/2011, Vol. 378 Issue 9794, p876; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: STILLBIRTH; Subject Term: LABOR complications (Obstetrics); Subject Term: PERINATAL death; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65468878&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 108255134 T1 - Stillbirth and healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy...Lancet. 2011 May 7;377(9777):1610-23; Lancet. 2011 Apr 30;377(9776):1523-38 AU - Norton M AU - Shelton JD Y1 - 2011/09/03/ N1 - Accession Number: 108255134. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110930. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Birth Intervals KW - Developing Countries KW - Family Planning KW - Perinatal Death KW - Female KW - Pregnancy SP - 876 EP - 876 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 378 North American Edition IS - 9794 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. U2 - PMID: 21890046. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61411-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=108255134&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gormley, Wilma AU - McCaffery, James AU - Quain, Estelle E T1 - Moving Forward on Human Resources for Health: Next Steps for Scaling Up Toward Universal Access to HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment, and Care. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2011/08/02/8/1/2011 Supplement2 VL - 57 M3 - Article SP - S113 EP - S115 SN - 15254135 AB - In 2008, the Global Health Workforce Alliance commissioned a technical working group to examine the human resources for health implications of scaling up to reach the Millennium Development Goal 6 of universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, and support by 2010. The analysis and interventions recommended in the working group report, which was launched at the Second Global Forum on Human Resources for Health in Bangkok, Thailand, in January 2011, are based on two research methods: literature reviews covering the period from 2000 to 2008 and a rapid situational analysis produced by teams working in 5 countries (Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Thailand, and Zambia). The authors' intent in this article is to assist the Alliance in maintaining the momentum of the forum and the enthusiasm generated by the working group's report to make a difference at the country level by moving from recommendation to action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV/AIDS services KW - human resources for health KW - universal access N1 - Accession Number: 111789281; Gormley, Wilma 1 McCaffery, James 1 Quain, Estelle E 1; Affiliation: 1: From the ∗Team Leader of Global Partnering for the USAID CapacityPlus Project (TRG), Arlington, VA; †Deputy Director for Health Systems Strengthening for the USAID CapacityPlus Project (TRG), Washington, DC; and ‡Team Leader for Health Systems Strengthening, Office of HIV/AIDS, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC.; Source Info: 8/1/2011 Supplement2, Vol. 57, pS113; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV/AIDS services; Author-Supplied Keyword: human resources for health; Author-Supplied Keyword: universal access; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1650 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821e9320 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111789281&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rao, Pamela AU - Gabre-Kidan, Tesfai AU - Mubangizi, Deus Bazira AU - Sulzbach, Sara T1 - Leveraging the Private Health Sector to Enhance HIV Service Delivery in Lower-Income Countries. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2011/08/02/8/1/2011 Supplement2 VL - 57 M3 - Article SP - S116 EP - S119 SN - 15254135 AB - Evidence that the private health sector is a key player in delivering health services and impacting health outcomes, including those related to HIV/AIDS, underscores the need to optimize the role of the private health sector to scale up national HIV responses in lower-income countries. This article reviews findings on the types of HIV/AIDS services provided by the private health sector in developing countries and elaborates on the role of private providers of HIV services in Ethiopia. Drawing on data from the nation's innovative Private Health Sector Project, a pilot project that has demonstrated the feasibility of public-private partnerships in this area, the article highlights the potential for national governments to scale up HIV/AIDS services by leveraging private health sector resources, innovations, and expertise while working to regulate quality and cost of services. Although concerns about uneven quality and affordability of private sector health services must be addressed through regulation, policy, or other innovative approaches, we argue that the benefits of leveraging the private sector outweigh these challenges, particularly in light of finite donor and public domestic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV/AIDS response KW - private health sector KW - public-private partnerships KW - scaling up N1 - Accession Number: 111789282; Rao, Pamela 1 Gabre-Kidan, Tesfai 1 Mubangizi, Deus Bazira 1 Sulzbach, Sara 1; Affiliation: 1: From the ∗Office of HIV/AIDS, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; †Private Health Sector Program, Abt Associates, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ‡Results for Development Institute, Washington, DC; and §Strengthening Health Outcomes Through the Private Sector, Abt Associates, Bethesda, MD.; Source Info: 8/1/2011 Supplement2, Vol. 57, pS116; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV/AIDS response; Author-Supplied Keyword: private health sector; Author-Supplied Keyword: public-private partnerships; Author-Supplied Keyword: scaling up; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2474 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821ed719 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111789282&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gardner, Adrian AU - Cohen, Ted AU - Carter, E. Jane T1 - Tuberculosis among participants in an academic global health medical exchange program. JO - JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine JF - JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine Y1 - 2011/08// VL - 26 IS - 8 M3 - journal article SP - 841 EP - 845 SN - 08848734 AB - Background: Although individuals from low tuberculosis (TB) burden countries experience an increased risk of TB infection when traveling to high burden countries for medical training or service, the degree of risk has not been well quantified.Objective: Improved knowledge will aid development of guidelines for TB screening, pre/post-travel education, and risk reduction.Design: Retrospective survey including questions on demographic characteristics, pre-travel TB counseling, in-country activities, and post-travel TB testing.Participants: Six hundred eight individuals who traveled to Eldoret, Kenya with the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) medical exchange program between July 2004 and June 2009 were invited to complete an online survey in January 2010.Main Measures: The percentage of participants with a tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion and percentage reporting pre-travel and post-travel counseling and testing for TB were examined.Key Results: Four hundred thirteen out of 608 (68%) responded with sufficient information to be included in the analysis. Two hundred thirty-nine individuals (58%) reported that TB prevention was discussed in pre-travel preparations. One hundred thirteen (27%) of the survey participants reported "ideal" care [definition: pre-travel TST (within 1 year of travel), pre-travel counseling, and a post-travel TST specifically related to their travel]. Out of 267 participants at risk for TST conversion, 11 (4.1%; 95% CI: 2.2-7.3) had a conversion. TST conversion was not associated with longer duration of stay or participation in direct medical care.Conclusions: Travelers to TB-endemic areas with international medical exchange programs are at risk for TB infection, regardless of their length of stay or whether or not they participate in direct medical care. Many receive inadequate pre- and post-travel TB counseling and testing. Efforts should be made to improve TB education for program participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention KW - MEDICAL care KW - THERAPEUTICS -- Complications KW - SKIN tests KW - INTERNET surveys KW - KENYA KW - academic medical exchange program KW - global health KW - tuberculosis N1 - Accession Number: 62867316; Gardner, Adrian 1; Email Address: Adrian•Gardner@Brown.edu Cohen, Ted 2 Carter, E. Jane 1,3; Affiliation: 1: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA 2: Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 3: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p841; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: THERAPEUTICS -- Complications; Subject Term: SKIN tests; Subject Term: INTERNET surveys; Subject Term: KENYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: academic medical exchange program; Author-Supplied Keyword: global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: tuberculosis; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1007/s11606-011-1669-x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62867316&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Shah, Rajiv T1 - Breakthroughs for Development. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2011/07/22/ VL - 333 IS - 6041 M3 - Editorial SP - 385 EP - 385 SN - 00368075 AB - The author reflects on International development. He argues that in order to close the gap between those who have access to the benefits of science and technology and those that do not, efforts must be made to harness the ingenuity of the world's top researchers and science leaders. An overview of innovations resulting from the partnership between the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the global scientific community, such as smallpox vaccine delivery, is presented. KW - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations KW - SCIENTIFIC development KW - SCIENTIFIC community KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 65098677; Shah, Rajiv 1; Affiliation: 1: Administrator, USAID, Washington, DC; Source Info: 7/22/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6041, p385; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC development; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC community; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1126/science.1210733 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65098677&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2011-14952-005 AN - 2011-14952-005 AU - George, Asha AU - Menotti, Elaine P AU - Rivera, Dixmer AU - Marsh, David R T1 - Community case management in Nicaragua: Lessons in fostering adoption and expanding implementation. JF - Health Policy and Planning JO - Health Policy and Planning JA - Health Policy Plan Y1 - 2011/07// VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 327 EP - 337 CY - United Kingdom PB - Oxford University Press SN - 0268-1080 SN - 1460-2237 AD - George, Asha, Community Based Approaches, Policy & Evidence Unit, Health Section, Programme Division, UNICEF, Three UN Plaza H-8, New York, NY, US, 10017 N1 - Accession Number: 2011-14952-005. PMID: 20926425 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: George, Asha; Community Based Approaches, Policy & Evidence Unit, Health Section, Programme Division, UNICEF, New York, NY, US. Release Date: 20120312. Correction Date: 20130909. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Adoption (Child); Case Management; Communities; Foster Care; Health Care Services. Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Focus Group; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 11. Issue Publication Date: Jul, 2011. Publication History: First Posted Date: Oct 5, 2010; Accepted Date: Jul 16, 2010. Copyright Statement: All rights reserved. The Author. 2010. AB - Community case management (CCM) as applied to child survival is a strategy that enables trained community health workers or volunteers to assess, classify, treat and refer sick children who reside beyond the reach of fixed health facilities. The Nicaraguan Ministry of Health (MOH) and Save the Children trained and supported brigadistas (community health volunteers) in CCM to improve equitable access to treatment for pneumonia, diarrhoea and dysentery for children in remote areas. In this article, we examine the policy landscape and processes that influenced the adoption and implementation of CCM in Nicaragua. Contextual factors in the policy landscape that facilitated CCM included an international technical consensus supporting the strategy; the role of government in health care provision and commitment to reaching the poor; a history of community participation; the existence of community-based child survival strategies; the decentralization of implementation authority; internal MOH champions; and a credible catalyst organization. Challenges included scepticism about community-level cadres; resistance from health personnel; operational gaps in treatment norms and materials to support the strategy; resource constraints affecting service delivery; tensions around decentralization; and changes in administration. In order to capitalize on the opportunities and overcome the challenges that characterized the policy landscape, stakeholders pursued various efforts to support CCM including sparking interest, framing issues, monitoring and communicating results, ensuring support and cohesion among health personnel, supporting local adaptation, assuring credibility and ownership, joint problem solving, addressing sustainability and fostering learning. While delineated as separate efforts, these policy and implementation processes were dynamic and interactive in nature, balancing various tensions. Our qualitative analysis highlights the importance of supporting routine monitoring and documentation of these strategic operational policy and management issues vital for CCM success. We also demonstrate that while challenges to CCM adoption and implementation exist, they are not insurmountable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - community case management KW - fostering adoption KW - health facilities KW - 2011 KW - Adoption (Child) KW - Case Management KW - Communities KW - Foster Care KW - Health Care Services KW - 2011 U1 - Sponsor: USAID/BASICS. Grant: GHA-I00-04-00002-00. Date: from 2007 to 2008. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Save the Children. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1093/heapol/czq048 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2011-14952-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ageorge@unicef.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kettle, Chris J. AU - Ghazoul, Jaboury AU - Ashton, Peter AU - Cannon, Charles H. AU - Chong, Lucy AU - Diway, Bibian AU - Faridah, Eny AU - Harrison, Rhett AU - Hector, Andy AU - Hollingsworth, Pete AU - Koh, Lian Pin AU - Khoo, Eyen AU - Kitayama, Kanehiro AU - Kartawinata, Kuswata AU - Marshall, Andrew J. AU - Maycock, Colin AU - Nanami, Satoshi AU - Paoli, Gary AU - Potts, Matthew D. AU - Samsoedin, Ismayadi T1 - Seeing the fruit for the trees in Borneo. JO - Conservation Letters JF - Conservation Letters Y1 - 2011/06// VL - 4 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 184 EP - 191 SN - 1755263X AB - The recent mass fruiting of forest trees in Borneo is an urgent wakeup call: existing policy instruments, financial mechanisms, and forestry infrastructure are inadequate to take full advantage of these infrequent opportunities for forest restoration and conservation. Tropical forest restoration can provide substantial benefits for biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and poverty alleviation. Yet the unpredictability of the synchronized flowering and consequent mass fruiting of many forest trees in Borneo presents a distinctive set of challenges for forest restoration. Significant financing and a considerable coordinated effort are required to prepare for future mass fruiting events if we are to capitalize on opportunities for ecological restoration. The continued high rate of forest clearance in this region and the rarity of mass fruiting events suggest that there may be few remaining opportunities to prevent widespread species extinctions. In this article we propose a facilitatory policy framework for forest restoration in Borneo to stimulate action in advance of the next mass fruiting of forest trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Conservation Letters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FRUIT -- Development KW - TREES KW - FORESTS & forestry KW - FOREST restoration KW - RESTORATION ecology KW - BIODIVERSITY KW - biodiversity KW - climate change KW - Dipterocarpaceae KW - Ecological restoration KW - forest restoration KW - general flowering KW - mass fruiting KW - poverty alleviation N1 - Accession Number: 61057982; Kettle, Chris J. 1; Email Address: chris.kettle@env.ethz.ch Ghazoul, Jaboury 1 Ashton, Peter 2 Cannon, Charles H. 3,4 Chong, Lucy 5 Diway, Bibian 5 Faridah, Eny 6 Harrison, Rhett 3 Hector, Andy 7 Hollingsworth, Pete 8 Koh, Lian Pin 1 Khoo, Eyen 9 Kitayama, Kanehiro 10 Kartawinata, Kuswata 11 Marshall, Andrew J. 12 Maycock, Colin 13 Nanami, Satoshi 14 Paoli, Gary 15 Potts, Matthew D. 16 Samsoedin, Ismayadi 17; Affiliation: 1: Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, CHN G 73.1, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich 8092, Switzerland 2: The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 3: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, 666303 Yunnan, P.R. China 4: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA 5: Botanical Research Centre (Sarawak Forestry Corporation), KM 20 Borneo Height Road, 93250 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia 6: University of Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 7: Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich (Irchel), Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057, Switzerland 8: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK 9: Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forest Department, Sabah, Malaysia 10: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 11: UNESCO, Jakarta Office, Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia 12: Department of Anthropology, Graduate Group in Ecology, Animal Behavior Graduate Group, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8522, USA 13: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK 14: Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan 15: Daemeter Consulting, Jalan Tangkuban Perahu No. 6, Bogor, Indonesia 16: Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 17: Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA), Bogor, Indonesia; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p184; Subject Term: FRUIT -- Development; Subject Term: TREES; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: FOREST restoration; Subject Term: RESTORATION ecology; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: biodiversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipterocarpaceae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecological restoration; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest restoration; Author-Supplied Keyword: general flowering; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass fruiting; Author-Supplied Keyword: poverty alleviation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111419 Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424930 Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00161.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61057982&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Malarcher, Shawn AU - Meirik, Olav AU - Lebetkin, Elena AU - Shah, Iqbal AU - Spieler, Jeff AU - Stanback, John T1 - Provision of DMPA by community health workers: what the evidence shows JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2011/06// VL - 83 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 495 EP - 503 SN - 00107824 AB - Abstract: Background: To reduce a large unmet need for family planning in many developing countries, governments are increasingly looking to community health workers (CHWs) as an effective service delivery option for health care and as a feasible option to increase access to family planning services. This article synthesizes evidence on the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of community-based delivery of the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Study Design: Manual and electronic search and systematic review of published and unpublished documents on delivery of contraceptive injectables by CHWs. Results: Of 600 identified documents, 19 had adequate information on injectables, almost exclusively intramuscular DMPA, provided by CHWs. The data showed that appropriately trained CHW demonstrate competency in screening clients, providing DMPA injections safely and counseling on side effects, although counseling appears equally suboptimal in both clinic and community settings. Clients and CHWs report high rates of satisfaction with community-based provision of DMPA. Provision of DMPA in community-based programs using CHWs expanded access to underserved clients and led to increased uptake of family planning services. Conclusions: We conclude that DMPA can be provided safely by appropriately trained and supervised CHWs. The benefits of community-based provision of DMPA by CHWs outweigh any potential risks, and past experiences support increasing investments in and expansion of these programs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FAMILY planning KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - INJECTABLE contraceptives KW - PUBLIC health personnel KW - DATA analysis KW - DRUGS -- Effectiveness KW - FAMILY planning services KW - INVESTMENTS KW - Community-health worker KW - DMPA KW - Family planning KW - Injectable contraception KW - Systematic review N1 - Accession Number: 60664875; Malarcher, Shawn 1; Email Address: smalarcher@usaid.gov Meirik, Olav 2 Lebetkin, Elena 3 Shah, Iqbal 4 Spieler, Jeff 1 Stanback, John 3; Affiliation: 1: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC 20523-3600, USA 2: Instituto Chileno de Medicina Reproductiva (ICMER), 8320164 Santiago, Chile 3: Family Health International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA 4: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 83 Issue 6, p495; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: INJECTABLE contraceptives; Subject Term: PUBLIC health personnel; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: DRUGS -- Effectiveness; Subject Term: FAMILY planning services; Subject Term: INVESTMENTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community-health worker; Author-Supplied Keyword: DMPA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Family planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Injectable contraception; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systematic review; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523930 Investment Advice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523999 Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.08.013 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60664875&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104901009 T1 - Provision of DMPA by community health workers: what the evidence shows. AU - Malarcher S AU - Meirik O AU - Lebetkin E AU - Shah I AU - Spieler J AU - Stanback J Y1 - 2011/06// N1 - Accession Number: 104901009. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110930. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Obstetric Care. NLM UID: 0234361. KW - Allied Health Personnel KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Administration and Dosage KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- Administration and Dosage KW - Contraceptive Agents -- Adverse Effects KW - Injections, Intramuscular -- Adverse Effects KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- Adverse Effects KW - Patient Attitudes SP - 495 EP - 503 JO - Contraception JF - Contraception JA - CONTRACEPTION VL - 83 IS - 6 CY - New York, New York PB - Elsevier Science SN - 0010-7824 AD - Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC 20523-3600, USA. U2 - PMID: 21570545. DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.08.013 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104901009&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Linnemayr, Sebastian AU - Lawson, Brooke Stearns AU - Glick, Peter AU - Wagner, Glenn AD - RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA AD - USAID, Washington, DC AD - RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA AD - RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA T1 - Economic Status and Coping Mechanisms of Individuals Seeking HIV Care in Uganda JO - Journal of African Economies JF - Journal of African Economies Y1 - 2011/06// VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 505 EP - 529 SN - 09638024 N1 - Accession Number: 1249713; Keywords: AIDS; Health; Households; Individual; Need; Needs; Quality; Quality of Life; Geographic Descriptors: Uganda; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201108 N2 - This study uses novel data to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the demographic and economic circumstances facing HIV-positive individuals who have just entered HIV care in Uganda. While the provision of HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may improve physical health, to achieve the broader goal of improving the quality of life and socioeconomic viability of people living with HIV/AIDS, appropriate social and economic programmes may need to complement treatment. We report results from baseline data of a longitudinal, prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up period in two Ugandan HIV clinics. We use t-tests to examine differences across sample subpopulations and in a second step employ multivariate logistic and ordinary least squares regressions. The investigation of retrospective variables such as the respondent's employment and income history, as well as changes in household composition, allows us to draw conclusions about the shocks experienced by households with HIV-positive members. We find that the study participants have experienced job loss and declining household income since testing HIV-positive, mainly due to worsened health status of the respondent. We also find that households use a range of coping mechanisms, such as changes in household composition or borrowing in response to these shocks, but that these strategies are not accessible to all types of households to the same degree. The findings highlight the importance of ART, not only to improve physical health, but also as a first necessary (though potentially not sufficient) step to help households restore their economic capacity. KW - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D12 KW - Health Production I12 KW - General Welfare; Well-Being I31 KW - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O12 L3 - http://jae.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1249713&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://jae.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baker, David P. AU - Leon, Juan AU - Smith Greenaway, Emily G. AU - Collins, John AU - Movit, Marcela T1 - The Education Effect on Population Health: A Reassessment. JO - Population & Development Review JF - Population & Development Review Y1 - 2011/06// VL - 37 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 307 EP - 332 SN - 00987921 AB - Demographic research frequently reports consistent and significant associations between formal educational attainment and a range of health risks such as smoking, drug abuse, and accidents, as well as the contraction of many diseases, and health outcomes such as mortality-almost all indicating the same conclusion: better-educated individuals are healthier and live longer. Despite the substantial reporting of a robust education effect, there is inadequate appreciation of its independent influence and role as a causal agent. To address the effect of education on health in general, three contributions are provided: 1) a macro-level summary of the dimensions of the worldwide educational revolution and a reassessment of its causal role in the health of individuals and in the demographic health transition are carried out; 2) a meta-analysis of methodologically sophisticated studies of the effect of educational attainment on all-cause mortality is conducted to establish the independence and robustness of the education effect on health; and 3) a schooling-cognition hypothesis about the influence of education as a powerful determinant of health is developed in light of new multidisciplinary cognitive research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Population & Development Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EDUCATIONAL attainment KW - DEMOGRAPHIC research KW - MORTALITY -- Statistics KW - HEALTH -- Social aspects KW - DEMOGRAPHIC transition KW - DEMOGRAPHIC change N1 - Accession Number: 61816396; Baker, David P. 1 Leon, Juan 2 Smith Greenaway, Emily G. 3 Collins, John 4 Movit, Marcela 5; Affiliation: 1: Professor of education and Sociology and associate, Population Research institute, Pennsylvania State university. 2: Ph.D. Candidate in educational theory and policy and comparative and international education, Pennsylvania State University. 3: Ph.D. candidate in demography and sociology, Pennsylvania State University. 4: Junior Offcer, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC. 5: Research Analyst, American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC.; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p307; Subject Term: EDUCATIONAL attainment; Subject Term: DEMOGRAPHIC research; Subject Term: MORTALITY -- Statistics; Subject Term: HEALTH -- Social aspects; Subject Term: DEMOGRAPHIC transition; Subject Term: DEMOGRAPHIC change; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00412.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61816396&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paz-Bailey, G AU - Jacobson, J O AU - Guardado, M E AU - Hernandez, F M AU - Nieto, A I AU - Estrada, M AU - Creswell, J T1 - How many men who have sex with men and female sex workers live in El Salvador? Using respondent-driven sampling and capture-recapture to estimate population sizes. JO - Sexually Transmitted Infections JF - Sexually Transmitted Infections Y1 - 2011/06// VL - 87 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 279 EP - 282 SN - 13684973 AB - Objective To estimate the numbers of female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Salvador, El Salvador. Design and methods A capture -- recapture exercise was conducted among MSM and FSW in San Salvador in 2008. The first capture was done by distributing key chains to both MSM and FSW populations through local non-governmental organizations (NGO) that work with these groups. The second capture was done during the course of an integrated behavioural and biological survey (IBBS) using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). The proportion receiving a key chain estimated from the IBBS study was adjusted by RDS-derived weights. Results The first capture included 400 FSW and 400 MSM. Of the 624 MSM interviewed in the IBBS, 36 (5.8% crude; 3.2% adjusted RDS) had received the key chain. The estimated population size of MSM in San Salvador was 12 480 (95% CI 7235 to 17 725). Of the 663 FSW interviewed in the IBBS, 39 (5.9% crude; 6.9% adjusted RDS) had received the key chain. The estimated number of FSW was 5765 (95% CI 4253 to 7277). Conclusions The capture -- recapture exercise was successfully linked to an IBBS to obtain city-level population sizes for MSM and FSW, providing valuable information at a low cost. Size estimates are crucial for programme planning for national AIDS programmes, NGOs and stakeholders working with these populations and for HIV projection models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Sexually Transmitted Infections is the property of BMJ Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MEN who have sex with men KW - BISEXUAL men KW - SEX workers KW - PROSTITUTES KW - EL Salvador N1 - Accession Number: 62800712; Paz-Bailey, G 1,2,3; Email Address: gpaz@taskforce.org Jacobson, J O 4 Guardado, M E 2 Hernandez, F M 2 Nieto, A I 5 Estrada, M 6 Creswell, J 7; Affiliation: 1: Del Valle University of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala 2: Tephinet Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA 3: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 4: Pan American Health Organization, Andean Region, Bogota, Colombia 5: Ministry of Health, San Salvador, El Salvador, Colombia 6: United States Agency for International Development, San Salvador, El Salvador, Colombia 7: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 87 Issue 4, p279; Subject Term: MEN who have sex with men; Subject Term: BISEXUAL men; Subject Term: SEX workers; Subject Term: PROSTITUTES; Subject Term: EL Salvador; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3716 L3 - 10.1136/sti.2010.045633 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62800712&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Filler, Scott J AU - Berruti, Andres A AU - Menzies, Nick AU - Berzon, Rick AU - Ellerbrock, Tedd V AU - Ferris, Robert AU - Blandford, John M T1 - Characteristics of HIV Care and Treatment in PEPFAR-Supported Sites. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2011/05//5/1/2011 VL - 57 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - e1 EP - e6 SN - 15254135 AB - The US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has supported the extension of HIV care and treatment to 2.4 million individuals as of September 2009. With increasing resources targeted toward rapid scale-up, it is important to understand the characteristics of current PEPFAR-supported HIV care and treatment sites.Forty-five sites in Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda, and Vietnam were sampled. Data were collected retrospectively from successive 6-month periods through reviews of facility records and interviews with site personnel between April 2006 and March 2007. Facility size and scale-up rate, patient characteristics, staffing models, clinical and laboratory monitoring, and intervention mix were compared.Sites added a median of 293 patients per quarter. By the evaluation's end, sites supported a median of 1649 HIV patients, 922 of them receiving antiretroviral therapy. Patients were predominantly adult (97.4%), and the majority (96.5%) were receiving regimens based on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The ratios of physicians to patients dropped substantially as sites matured. Antiretroviral therapy patients were commonly seen monthly or quarterly for clinical and laboratory monitoring, with CD4 counts being taken at 6-month intervals. One-third of sites provided viral load testing. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was the most prevalent supportive service.HIV treatment sites scaled up rapidly with the influx of resources and technical support through PEPFAR, providing complex health services to progressively expanding patient cohorts. Human resources are stretched thin, and delivery models and intervention mix differ widely between sites. Ongoing research is needed to identify best-practice service delivery models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome KW - highly active antiretroviral therapy KW - HIV KW - workplace N1 - Accession Number: 111789365; Filler, Scott J 1 Berruti, Andres A 1 Menzies, Nick 1 Berzon, Rick 1 Ellerbrock, Tedd V 1 Ferris, Robert 1 Blandford, John M 1; Affiliation: 1: From the ∗US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA; †ICF Macro, Atlanta, GA; and ‡US Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC.; Source Info: 5/1/2011, Vol. 57 Issue 1, pe1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Author-Supplied Keyword: highly active antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: workplace; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3062 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182158980 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111789365&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2011-06769-003 AN - 2011-06769-003 AU - Pop-Eleches, Cristian AU - Thirumurthy, Harsha AU - Habyarimana, James P. AU - Zivin, Joshua G. AU - Goldstein, Markus P. AU - de Walque, Damien AU - MacKeen, Leslie AU - Haberer, Jessica AU - Kimaiyo, Sylvester AU - Sidle, John AU - Ngare, Duncan AU - Bangsberg, David R. T1 - Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting: A randomized controlled trial of text message reminders. JF - AIDS JO - AIDS JA - AIDS Y1 - 2011/03/27/ VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 825 EP - 834 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 0269-9370 SN - 1473-5571 AD - Thirumurthy, Harsha, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC, US, 20433 N1 - Accession Number: 2011-06769-003. PMID: 21252632 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Pop-Eleches, Cristian; School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, NY, US. Release Date: 20110919. Correction Date: 20120618. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Haberer, Jessica. Major Descriptor: AIDS; Drug Therapy; Rural Environments; Treatment Compliance; Cellular Phones. Minor Descriptor: Messages; Technology. Classification: Medical Treatment of Physical Illness (3363); Communication Systems (2700). Population: Human (10). Location: Kenya. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Followup Study; Quantitative Study; Treatment Outcome. References Available: Y. Page Count: 10. Issue Publication Date: Mar 27, 2011. Publication History: Accepted Date: Dec 2, 2010; Revised Date: Nov 29, 2010; First Submitted Date: Sep 19, 2010. Copyright Statement: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2011. AB - Objective: There is limited evidence on whether growing mobile phone availability in sub-Saharan Africa can be used to promote high adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study tested the efficacy of short message service (SMS) reminders on adherence to ART among patients attending a rural clinic in Kenya. Design: A randomized controlled trial of four SMS reminder interventions with 48 weeks of follow-up. Methods: Four hundred and thirty-one adult patients who had initiated ART within 3 months were enrolled and randomly assigned to a control group or one of the four intervention groups. Participants in the intervention groups received SMS reminders that were either short or long and sent at a daily or weekly frequency. Adherence was measured using the medication event monitoring system. The primary outcome was whether adherence exceeded 90% during each 12-week period of analysis and the 48-week study period. The secondary outcome was whether there were treatment interruptions lasting at least 48 h. Results: In intention-to-treat analysis, 53% of participants receiving weekly SMS reminders achieved adherence of at least 90% during the 48 weeks of the study, compared with 40% of participants in the control group (P = 0.03). Participants in groups receiving weekly reminders were also significantly less likely to experience treatment interruptions exceeding 48 h during the 48-week follow-up period than participants in the control group (81 vs. 90%, P = 0.03). Conclusion: These results suggest that SMS reminders may be an important tool to achieve optimal treatment response in resource-limited settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - mobile phone availability KW - technology KW - antiretroviral treatment KW - treatment adherence KW - short message service reminders KW - rural environments KW - 2011 KW - AIDS KW - Drug Therapy KW - Rural Environments KW - Treatment Compliance KW - Cellular Phones KW - Messages KW - Technology KW - 2011 U1 - Sponsor: Bank Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP), Netherlands. Grant: 7 142 349; 71 44 565. Other Details: World Bank Research Group. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: United States Agency for International Development, President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), US. Other Details: AMPATH Partnership. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: National Institute of Mental Health. Grant: 87228. Recipients: Haberer, Jessica U1 - Sponsor: National Institute of Mental Health, US. Grant: 87227. Recipients: Bangsberg, David R. DO - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834380c1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2011-06769-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - hthirumurthy@worldbank.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klausner, Jeffrey D AU - Serenata, Celicia AU - O'Bra, Heidi AU - Mattson, Christine L AU - Brown, JW AU - Wilson, Melinda AU - Mbengashe, Thobile AU - Goldman, Thurma M T1 - Scale-Up and Continuation of Antiretroviral Therapy in South African Treatment Programs, 2005-2009. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2011/03// VL - 56 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 292 EP - 295 SN - 15254135 AB - South Africa has the greatest burden of HIV-infection in the world with about 5.2 million HIV-infected adults. In 2003, the South African Government launched a comprehensive HIV and AIDS care treatment program supported by the United States in 2004 through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).To describe the scale-up and continuation of antiretroviral therapy in South African Government and PEPFAR-supported sites in South Africa, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routinely collected program reporting data, 2005-2009.From 2005 through 2009, the average rate of persons initiated on antiretroviral therapy in PEPFAR-supported South African Government treatment programs increased nearly four-fold from 6,327 a month in 2005-2006 to 24,622 a month in 2008-2009 resulting in an increase from 33,543 patients on continued treatment in April-June 2005 to 631,985 patients in July-September 2009. Of those 631,985 patients receiving treatment, 65% were women. Men were more likely to be lost to follow-up (9.2% vs. 7.8%, PR 1.18, 95% CI 1.17-1.19) and more likely to die (5.6% vs. 4.1%, PR 1.36, 95% CI 1.35-1.37) than women.Scale-up and continuation of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa has been a remarkable medical accomplishment. Because more women receive and continue treatment, more efforts are needed to treat and retain men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - adherence KW - HIV KW - scale-up KW - South Africa KW - treatment N1 - Accession Number: 111789566; Klausner, Jeffrey D 1 Serenata, Celicia 1 O'Bra, Heidi 1 Mattson, Christine L 1 Brown, JW 1 Wilson, Melinda 1 Mbengashe, Thobile 1 Goldman, Thurma M 1; Affiliation: 1: From the ∗Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, Georgia; †United States Agency for International Development, Health Programs, Washington, DC; and ‡National Department of Health Programs, Pretoria, South Africa.; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p292; Author-Supplied Keyword: adherence; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: scale-up; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: treatment; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2225 L3 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182067d99 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111789566&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ansa, E.D.O. AU - Lubberding, H.J. AU - Ampofo, J.A. AU - Gijzen, H.J. T1 - The role of algae in the removal of Escherichia coli in a tropical eutrophic lake JO - Ecological Engineering JF - Ecological Engineering Y1 - 2011/02// VL - 37 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 317 EP - 324 SN - 09258574 AB - Abstract: Eutrophication and its accompanying algal development in lakes is a nuisance and may be problematic for aquatic life, but limited algal development may have some beneficial consequences. Dissolved oxygen concentration and pH increases attributed to algae in algal-based treatment ponds may occur in eutrophic lakes and can result in the inactivation of faecal coliforms in eutrophic lakes. We investigated the die-off of Escherichia coli placed in dialysis tubes in a eutrophic lake at different depths and locations. The importance of E. coli attachment to algae and suspended matter was also assessed. Algal presence in the lake resulted in significant decay of E. coli. At chlorophyll a concentration ≤0.08mgL−1 in Weija Lake, decay rate of E. coli is directly proportional to the chlorophyll a concentration of the lake. Under laboratory conditions, as chlorophyll a concentration increases in light however, an optimum chlorophyll a concentration (0.24mg/L) is reached after which the rate of decay of E. coli decreases. These results show that limited algal presence representing optimum chlorophyll a concentration in restored ecosystems may have public health benefits for rural communities in developing countries that depend on raw water for domestic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Ecological Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EUTROPHICATION KW - ESCHERICHIA coli KW - ALGAE KW - WATER -- Dissolved oxygen KW - DIALYSIS (Chemistry) KW - CHLOROPHYLL KW - HYDROGEN-ion concentration KW - PUBLIC health KW - RURAL development KW - Algae KW - Density KW - Eutrophic lake KW - Faecal coliform KW - Pathogen KW - Survival N1 - Accession Number: 57516082; Ansa, E.D.O. 1,2; Email Address: edoansa@yahoo.com Lubberding, H.J. 1 Ampofo, J.A. 2 Gijzen, H.J. 1,3; Affiliation: 1: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P O Box 3015 DA, Delft, The Netherlands 2: CSIR Water Research Institute, P O Box AH 38, Achimota-Accra, Ghana 3: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jl. Galuh II, No. 5, Kebayoran Baru, 12110 Jakarta, Indonesia; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p317; Subject Term: EUTROPHICATION; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Subject Term: ALGAE; Subject Term: WATER -- Dissolved oxygen; Subject Term: DIALYSIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Subject Term: HYDROGEN-ion concentration; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: RURAL development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eutrophic lake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Faecal coliform; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survival; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112510 Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112519 Other Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621492 Kidney Dialysis Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 925120 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.11.023 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57516082&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kropp, Jaclyn D. AU - Whitaker, James B. AD - Clemson U AD - USAID, Washington, DC T1 - The Impact of Decoupled Payments on the Cost of Operating Capital JO - Agricultural Finance Review JF - Agricultural Finance Review Y1 - 2011/// VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 40 SN - 00021466 N1 - Accession Number: 1242507; Keywords: Acreage; Credit; Production; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201107 N2 - The purpose of this paper is to investigate how decoupled direct payments, paid to farm operators based on historical yields and base acreage, may lead to production distortions by altering a farmer's access to credit or enabling the farmer to receive more favorable credit terms. The authors estimate the impact of decoupled direct payments under the 2002 Farm Bill on the credit terms of farm operators, specifically the interest rate on short-term operating loans. If farm operators are able to obtain more favorable credit terms and reduce their operating cost, then this offers an additional mechanism through which decoupled payments may distort current production. The authors estimate the impact of decoupled direct payments on the interest rate on short-term operating loans. In the analysis, the authors control for farm financial characteristics, farm operator characteristics, and other factors. Data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey for the years 2005-2007, are used in the weighted regression analysis. Jackknifed standard errors are also computed. As the proportion of base acres to total operated acres increases it is found that interest rates decline by a small but statistically significant amount. This implies that direct payments lead to lower operating costs through better credit terms. KW - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity G31 KW - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets Q12 KW - Agricultural Finance Q14 KW - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy Q18 L3 - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0002-1466 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1242507&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0002-1466 DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nguyen, Ha T. H. AU - Rajkotia, Yogesh AU - Hong Wang T1 - The financial protection effect of Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme: evidence from a study in two rural districts. JO - International Journal for Equity in Health JF - International Journal for Equity in Health Y1 - 2011/01// VL - 10 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 12 SN - 14759276 AB - Background: One of the key functions of health insurance is to provide financial protection against high costs of health care, yet evidence of such protection from developing countries has been inconsistent. The current study uses the case of Ghana to contribute to the evidence pool about insurance's financial protection effects. It evaluates the impact of the country's National Health Insurance Scheme on households' out-of-pocket spending and catastrophic health expenditure. Methods: We use data from a household survey conducted in two rural districts, Nkoranza and Offinso, in 2007, two years after the initiation of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme. To address the skewness of health expenditure data, the absolute amount of out-of-pocket spending is estimated using a two-part model. We also conduct a probit estimate of the likelihood of catastrophic health expenditures, defined at different thresholds relative to household income and non-food consumption expenditure. The analysis controls for chronic and selfassessed health conditions, which typically drive adverse selection in insurance. Results: At the time of the survey, insurance coverage was 35 percent. Although the benefit package of insurance is generous, insured people still incurred out-of-pocket payment for care from informal sources and for uncovered drugs and tests at health facilities. Nevertheless, they paid significantly less than the uninsured. Insurance has been shown to have a protective effect against the financial burden of health care, reducing significantly the likelihood of incurring catastrophic payment. The effect is particularly remarkable among the poorest quintile of the sample. Conclusions: Findings from this study confirm the positive financial protection effect of health insurance in Ghana. The effect is stronger among the poor group than among general population. The results are encouraging for many low income countries who are considering a similar policy to expand social health insurance. Ghana's experience also shows that instituting insurance by itself is not adequate to remove fully the out-of-pocket payment for health. Further works are needed to address the supply side's incentives and quality of care, so that the insured can enjoy the full benefits of insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal for Equity in Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH insurance KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - NATIONAL health insurance KW - DEVELOPING countries KW - GHANA N1 - Accession Number: 57996342; Nguyen, Ha T. H. 1; Email Address: Ha•Nguyen@abtassoc.com Rajkotia, Yogesh 2 Hong Wang 1; Affiliation: 1: International Health Division, Abt Associates Inc., 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 800 North, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. 2: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC 20523, USA.; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HEALTH insurance; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: NATIONAL health insurance; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Subject Term: GHANA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524112 Direct group life, health and medical insurance carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524111 Direct individual life, health and medical insurance carriers; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-9276-10-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57996342&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104832297 T1 - The financial protection effect of Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme: evidence from a study in two rural districts. AU - Nguyen, Ha T. H. AU - Rajkotia, Yogesh AU - Wang, Hong Y1 - 2011/01// N1 - Accession Number: 104832297. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120113. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; equations & formulas; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Health Services Administration; UK & Ireland. Grant Information: United States Agency for International Development. NLM UID: 101147692. KW - Health Care Costs KW - National Health Programs -- Economics -- Ghana KW - Rural Areas KW - Cluster Sample KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Funding Source KW - Ghana KW - Human KW - Income KW - Medically Uninsured KW - Poverty KW - Socioeconomic Factors SP - 12p EP - 12p JO - International Journal for Equity in Health JF - International Journal for Equity in Health JA - INT J EQUITY HEALTH VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central SN - 1475-9276 AD - International Health Division, Abt Associates, Bethesda, MD AD - Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20523, USA U2 - PMID: 21247436. DO - 10.1186/1745-9276-10-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104832297&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Russell, Diane AU - Mbile, Peter AU - Tchamou, Nicodeme T1 - Farm and Forest in Central Africa: Toward an Integrated Rural Development Strategy. JO - Journal of Sustainable Forestry JF - Journal of Sustainable Forestry Y1 - 2011/01//Jan-Apr2011 VL - 30 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 111 EP - 132 SN - 10549811 AB - The authors explore three problems confronting scientists working in the central African humid forest zone and show their interconnectedness in the context of the sociopolitical history of the area. These problems emerge from different domains at different spatial scales: agricultural development, natural resource management, and landscape scale conservation. Land and livelihoods are severely constrained in central Africa. Agriculture is rarely remunerative: prices are low, technology limited, land rights contested, and labor scarce. People turn to 'illegal' activities such as hunting, mining, pit-sawing, whisky brewing, and joining militias to make a living. Animal husbandry does not present a widely viable option. Land use planning at 'landscape' scale is mooted to protect forests and save animals but it is not likely to address livelihood or governance concerns. Without clear legal frameworks and transparent processes, conflict and landgrabbing will result. Investors and planners should rather concentrate on crafting rural development strategies that reflect both the constraints and the comparative advantage of the central African humid forest zone. Above all, the authors argue, the days of carving out large areas of the forest for private concessions and government use, leaving small contested spaces for the locals, must come to an end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Sustainable Forestry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RURAL development KW - FOREST conservation KW - FARM management KW - AGRICULTURAL development KW - NATURAL resources -- Management KW - LAND use -- Planning KW - CENTRAL Africa KW - agriculture KW - bushmeat KW - Cameroon KW - central Africa KW - Congo Basin KW - conservation KW - Democratic Republic of the Congo KW - fallow management KW - humid forest KW - land use planning KW - upland rice N1 - Accession Number: 57420284; Russell, Diane 1 Mbile, Peter 2 Tchamou, Nicodeme 3; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA 2: World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, USA 3: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Source Info: Jan-Apr2011, Vol. 30 Issue 1/2, p111; Subject Term: RURAL development; Subject Term: FOREST conservation; Subject Term: FARM management; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL development; Subject Term: NATURAL resources -- Management; Subject Term: LAND use -- Planning; Subject Term: CENTRAL Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: bushmeat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cameroon; Author-Supplied Keyword: central Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Congo Basin; Author-Supplied Keyword: conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Democratic Republic of the Congo; Author-Supplied Keyword: fallow management; Author-Supplied Keyword: humid forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: land use planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: upland rice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115116 Farm Management Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541320 Landscape Architectural Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 925120 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/10549811003757751 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57420284&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mah, Timothy L. AU - James D. Shelton T1 - Concurrency revisited: increasing and compelling epidemiological evidence. JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society Y1 - 2011/01// VL - 14 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 8 SN - 17582652 AB - Multiple sexual partnerships must necessarily lie at the root of a sexually transmitted epidemic. However, that overlapping or concurrent partnerships have played a pivotal role in the generalized epidemics of sub-Saharan Africa has been challenged. Much of the original proposition that concurrent partnerships play such a role focused on modelling, self-reported sexual behaviour data and ethnographic data. While each of these has definite merit, each also has had methodological limitations. Actually, more recent cross-national sexual behaviour data and improved modelling have strengthened these lines of evidence. However, heretofore the epidemiologic evidence has not been systematically brought to bear. Though assessing the epidemiologic evidence regarding concurrency has its challenges, a careful examination, especially of those studies that have assessed HIV incidence, clearly indicates a key role for concurrency. Such evidence includes: 1) the early and dramatic rise of HIV infection in generalized epidemics that can only arise from transmission through rapid sequential acute infections and thereby concurrency; 2) clear evidence from incidence studies that a major portion of transmission in the population occurs via concurrency both for concordant negative and discordant couples; 3) elevation in risk associated with partner's multiple partnering; 4) declines in HIV associated with declines in concurrency; 5) bursts and clustering of incident infections that indicate concurrency and acute infection play a key role in the propagation of epidemics; and 6) a lack of other plausible explanations, including serial monogamy and non-sexual transmission. While other factors, such as sexually transmitted infections, other infectious diseases, biological factors and HIV sub-type, likely play a role in enhancing transmission, it appears most plausible that these would amplify the role of concurrency rather than alter it. Additionally, critics of concurrency have not proposed plausible alternative explanations for why the explosive generalized epidemics occurred. Specific behaviour change messaging bringing the concepts of multiple partnering and concurrency together appears salient and valid in promoting safer individual behaviour and positive social norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the International AIDS Society is the property of International AIDS Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SEXUALLY transmitted diseases KW - EPIDEMICS KW - SOCIAL norms KW - HIV infections KW - SUB-Saharan Africa N1 - Accession Number: 64933952; Mah, Timothy L. 1; Email Address: tmah@usaid.gov James D. Shelton 1; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SEXUALLY transmitted diseases; Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: SOCIAL norms; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: SUB-Saharan Africa; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1758-2652-14-33 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64933952&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Channell, Wade1 T1 - GRAMMAR LESSONS LEARNED: DEPENDENT CLAUSES, FALSE COGNATES, AND OTHER PROBLEMS IN RULE OF LAW PROGRAMMING. JO - University of Pittsburgh Law Review JF - University of Pittsburgh Law Review J1 - University of Pittsburgh Law Review PY - 2010/12// Y1 - 2010/12// VL - 72 IS - 2 CP - 2 M3 - Article SP - 171 EP - 189 SN - 00419915 AB - The article focuses on the development of the rule of law in countries. Topics include the failure to enforce the rule of law, external assistance in rule drafting, and the impact of donor intervention. Topics include the problem with dependent clauses, efforts to promote legitimacy in the rule of law, and accountability of rule makers. KW - Rule of law KW - Act of state KW - Administrative procedure KW - Judicial review KW - Administrative discretion (Law) N1 - Accession Number: 80037373; Authors:Channell, Wade 1; Affiliations: 1: Senior Legal Reform advisor for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Subject: Rule of law; Subject: Act of state; Subject: Administrative procedure; Subject: Judicial review; Subject: Administrative discretion (Law); Number of Pages: 19p; Record Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lft&AN=80037373&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lft ER - TY - GEN AU - Grulich, Andrew E. AU - Wilson, David P. AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Cohen, Myron AU - Barnhart, Matthew AU - Hallett, Timothy AU - Montaner, Julio S. G. AU - Harrigan, P. Richard AU - Kerr, Thomas AU - Wood, Evan AU - Daly, Patricia T1 - Is antiretroviral therapy modifying the HIV epidemic? JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2010/11/27/ VL - 376 IS - 9755 M3 - Letter SP - 1824 EP - 1825 SN - 00995355 AB - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the article "Association of highly active antiretroviral therapy coverage, population viral load, and yearly new HIV diagnosis in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based study," by Julio Montaner and colleagues, published in the August 14, 2010 issue, along with the response of the authors. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - BRITISH Columbia N1 - Accession Number: 55746264; Grulich, Andrew E. 1; Email Address: agrulich@nchecr.unsw.edu.au Wilson, David P. 1 Shelton, James D. 2; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov Cohen, Myron 3 Barnhart, Matthew 4 Hallett, Timothy 5 Montaner, Julio S. G. 6; Email Address: jmontaner@hivnet.ubc.ca Harrigan, P. Richard 6 Kerr, Thomas 6 Wood, Evan 6 Daly, Patricia 7; Affiliation: 1: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 2: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA 3: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 4: UNICEF, New York, NY, USA 5: Imperial College, London, UK 6: British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada 7: Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Source Info: 11/27/2010, Vol. 376 Issue 9755, p1824; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: BRITISH Columbia; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55746264&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104954725 T1 - Is antiretroviral therapy modifying the HIV epidemic?...Lancet. 2010 Aug 14;376(9740):532-9 AU - Shelton JD AU - Cohen M AU - Barnhart M AU - Hallett T Y1 - 2010/11/27/ N1 - Accession Number: 104954725. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110107. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active KW - HIV Infections -- Diagnosis KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Viral Load KW - British Columbia KW - Confounding Variable KW - HIV Infections -- Drug Therapy KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Male KW - Time Factors SP - 1824 EP - 1825 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 376 North American Edition IS - 9755 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. U2 - PMID: 21111901. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62163-0 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104954725&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - GEN AU - KETTLE, CHRIS J. AU - GHAZOUL, JABOURY AU - ASHTON, PETER S. AU - CANNON, CHARLES H. AU - CHONG, LUCY AU - DIWAY, BIBIAN AU - FARIDAH, ENY AU - HARRISON, RHETT AU - HECTOR, ANDREW AU - HOLLINGSWORTH, PETE AU - LIAN PIN KOH AU - EYEN KHOO AU - KITAYAMA, KANEHIRO AU - KARTAWINATA, KUSWATA AU - MARSHALL, ANDREW J. AU - MAYCOCK, COLIN R. AU - NANAMI, SATOSHI AU - PAOLI, GARY AU - POTTS, MATTHEW D. AU - SHEIL, DOUGLAS T1 - Mass Fruiting in Borneo: A Missed Opportunity. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2010/10/29/ VL - 330 IS - 6004 M3 - Letter SP - 584 EP - 584 SN - 00368075 AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article “Saving Forests to Save Biodiversity,” by D. Normile in the September 10, 2010 issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - FOREST conservation N1 - Accession Number: 55335439; KETTLE, CHRIS J. 1; Email Address: chris.kettle@env.ethz.ch GHAZOUL, JABOURY 1 ASHTON, PETER S. 2 CANNON, CHARLES H. 3,4 CHONG, LUCY 5 DIWAY, BIBIAN 5 FARIDAH, ENY 6 HARRISON, RHETT 3 HECTOR, ANDREW 7 HOLLINGSWORTH, PETE 8 LIAN PIN KOH 1 EYEN KHOO 9 KITAYAMA, KANEHIRO 10 KARTAWINATA, KUSWATA 11 MARSHALL, ANDREW J. 12 MAYCOCK, COLIN R. 13 NANAMI, SATOSHI 14 PAOLI, GARY 15 POTTS, MATTHEW D. 16 SHEIL, DOUGLAS 17; Affiliation: 1: Ecosystem Management, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland 2: The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 3: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, 666303 Yunnan, China 4: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA 5: Botanical Research Centre (Sarawak Forestry Corporation), 93250 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia 6: University of Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 7: Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich (Irchel), CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland 8: Royal Botanic Garden, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK 9: Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forest Department, Sabah, Malaysia 10: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 11: UNESCO, Jakarta Office, Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia 12: Department of Anthropology, Graduate Group in Ecology, Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8522, USA 13: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK 14: Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan 15: Daemeter Consulting, Jalan Tangkuban Perahu No. 6, Bogor, Indonesia 16: Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 17: Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Kabale, Uganda; Source Info: 10/29/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6004, p584; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: FOREST conservation; Number of Pages: 3/4p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55335439&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Garenne, Michel AU - McCaa, Robert AU - McKee, Martin AU - Fisk, Nicholas M. AU - Atun, Rifat AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Gray, Ron AU - Colbourn, Tim AU - Costello, Anthony AU - Pagel, Christina T1 - Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2010/10/23/ VL - 376 IS - 9750 M3 - Letter SP - 1389 EP - 1390 SN - 00995355 AB - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the article "Maternal Mortality for 181 Countries, 1980-2008: A Systematic Analysis of Progress Towards Millennium Development Goal 5," by M. C. Hogan and colleagues in the May 8, 2010 issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - OBSTETRICAL emergencies KW - DEATH N1 - Accession Number: 54874479; Garenne, Michel 1; Email Address: mgarenne@pasteur.fr McCaa, Robert 2 McKee, Martin 3 Fisk, Nicholas M. 4 Atun, Rifat 5,6; Email Address: r.atun@imperial.ac.uk Shelton, James D. 7; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov Gray, Ron 8 Colbourn, Tim 9 Costello, Anthony 9; Email Address: a.costello@ich.ucl.ac.uk Pagel, Christina 9; Affiliation: 1: Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France 2: University of Minnesota Population Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA 3: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 4: University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia 5: Imperial College Business School, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK 6: Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland 7: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA 8: Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 9: University College London, London WC1H 0BT, UK; Source Info: 10/23/2010, Vol. 376 Issue 9750, p1389; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: OBSTETRICAL emergencies; Subject Term: DEATH; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54874479&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105011311 T1 - Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008. AU - Shelton JD AU - Gray R Y1 - 2010/10/23/ N1 - Accession Number: 105011311. Language: English. Entry Date: 20101119. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Data Collection KW - HIV Infections -- Mortality KW - Maternal Mortality KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Prevalence SP - 1389 EP - 1390 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 376 North American Edition IS - 9750 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. U2 - PMID: 20971356. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61952-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105011311&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105116065 T1 - Intimate-partner violence and HIV in South African women. AU - Castor D AU - Cook S AU - Leclerc-Madlala S AU - Shelton J Y1 - 2010/10/09/ N1 - Accession Number: 105116065. Language: English. Entry Date: 20101112. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Intimate Partner Violence -- Prevention and Control KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Male KW - Risk Factors KW - Sexual Partners KW - South Africa SP - 1219 EP - 1219 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 376 North American Edition IS - 9748 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. U2 - PMID: 20934586. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61870-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105116065&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-21372-020 AN - 2010-21372-020 AU - Castor, Delivette AU - Cook, Stephanie AU - Leclerc-Madlala, Susan AU - Shelton, James T1 - Intimate-partner violence and HIV in South African women. JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2010/10/09/ VL - 376 IS - 9748 SP - 1219 EP - 1219 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Castor, Delivette, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2010-21372-020. PMID: 20934586 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Castor, Delivette; Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20101108. Correction Date: 20150413. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Comment/Reply. Language: English. Major Descriptor: HIV; Intimate Partner Violence; Interpersonal Relationships; Interpersonal Control. Minor Descriptor: Epidemiology; Equity (Social); Human Females. Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 1. Issue Publication Date: Oct 9, 2010. AB - Comments on an article by Rachel Jewkes and colleagues (see record [rid]2010-15409-024[/rid]). Rachel Jewkes and colleagues do not provide compelling evidence that intimate-partner violence increases risk of HIV infection in women. Their conceptual framework and analysis of this dense thicket of inter-relationships failed to include key variables and their inter-relatedness. First, they did not address male partner characteristics. Notably multiple partnering by one’s partner substantially increases HIV risk. In reality, social norms for gender are profoundly important for HIV transmission. Gender-based violence deserves redress on its own merits. How ever, conclusions based on statistical analyses of inadequate conceptual models must not divert us from the best policy and program approaches to both. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - intimate partner violence KW - incidence of HIV infection KW - young women KW - relationship power inequity KW - HIV infection KW - South Africa KW - 2010 KW - HIV KW - Intimate Partner Violence KW - Interpersonal Relationships KW - Interpersonal Control KW - Epidemiology KW - Equity (Social) KW - Human Females KW - 2010 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61870-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-21372-020&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - dcastor@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arévalo, Marcos AU - Sinai, Irit AU - Olivotti, Bruna AU - Bahamondes, Luis AU - Arévalo, Marcos T1 - Implications of cycle length immediately after discontinuation of combined oral contraceptives on use of the Standard Days Method JO - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics JF - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Y1 - 2010/10// VL - 111 IS - 1 M3 - journal article SP - 78 EP - 81 SN - 00207292 AB - Objective: To determine when after discontinuing the use of combined oral contraceptives (COC) women can start using the Standard Days Method (SDM)-a fertility awareness-based family-planning method that is appropriate only for women for whom most menstrual cycles last 26-32 days.Methods: We reviewed data from the medical records of women who attended the Human Reproduction Unit at the University of Campinas, Brazil, between October 16, 1979, and May 5, 2006. The study population comprised women younger than 40 years of age who had recently switched from COC to copper intrauterine devices and whose clinical records contained the information necessary for determining the length of the first menstrual cycle immediately after discontinuing COC.Results: In total, 47.2% of the 2845 women included in the study had a first post-COC cycle of 26-32 days; 40.5% had a second cycle within that range.Conclusion: A first post-COC cycle within the 26-32-day range did not predict a second cycle within range. Women discontinuing COC should not start using the SDM in their first or second post-COC cycle, even if the first cycle falls within the stated range. Instead, they should use a backup method until they meet the necessary eligibility criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MENSTRUAL cycle KW - ORAL contraceptives KW - COPPER intrauterine contraceptives KW - HUMAN fertility KW - MEDICAL records KW - FAMILY planning KW - MEDICAL statistics KW - Cycle regularity KW - Oral contraceptive discontinuation KW - Standard Days Method N1 - Accession Number: 53704849; Arévalo, Marcos 1 Sinai, Irit 2; Email Address: sinaii@georgetown.edu Olivotti, Bruna 3 Bahamondes, Luis 3 Arévalo, Marcos 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2: Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University, Washington, USA 3: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 111 Issue 1, p78; Subject Term: MENSTRUAL cycle; Subject Term: ORAL contraceptives; Subject Term: COPPER intrauterine contraceptives; Subject Term: HUMAN fertility; Subject Term: MEDICAL records; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: MEDICAL statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cycle regularity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oral contraceptive discontinuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Standard Days Method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.05.017 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53704849&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ochieng-Ooko, Vincent AU - Ochieng, Daniel AU - Sidle, John E. AU - Holdsworth, Margaret AU - Wools-Kaloustian, Kara AU - Siika, Abraham M. AU - Yiannoutsos, Constantin T. AU - Owiti, Michael AU - Kimaiyo, Sylvester AU - Braitstein, Paula T1 - Influence of gender on loss to follow-up in a large HIV treatment programme in western Kenya. T2 - Influencia del género en las bajas en el seguimiento de un amplio programa terapéutico contra el VIH en el oeste de Kenya. T2 - Influence du sexe de la personne sur la perte du suivi dans un vaste programme de traitement du VIH dans l'ouest du Kenya. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2010/09// VL - 88 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 681 EP - 688 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective: To determine the incidence of loss to follow-up in a treatment programme for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Kenya and to investigate how loss to follow-up is affected by gender. Methods: Between November 2001 and November 2007, 50 275 HIV-positive individuals aged ± 14 years (69% female; median age: 36.2 years) were enrolled in the study. An individual was lost to follow-up when absent from the HIV treatment clinic for > 3 months if on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) or for > 6 months if not. The incidence of loss to follow-up was calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and factors associated with loss to follow-up were identified by logistic and Cox multivariate regression analysis. Findings: Overall, 8% of individuals attended no follow-up visits, and 54% of them were lost to follow-up. The overall incidence of loss to follow-up was 25.1 per 100 person--years. Among the 92% who attended at least one follow-up visit, the incidence of loss to follow-up before and after starting cART was 27.2 and 14.0 per 100 person--years, respectively. Baseline factors associated with loss to follow-up included younger age, a long travel time to the clinic, patient disclosure of positive HIV status, high CD4+ lymphocyte count, advanced-stage HIV disease, and rural clinic location. Men were at an increased risk overall and before and after starting cART. Conclusion: The risk of being lost to follow-up was high, particularly before starting cART. Men were more likely to become lost to follow-up, even after adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Interventions designed for men and women separately could improve retention. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de bajas en el seguimiento de un programa terapéutico de personas portadoras del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en Kenya, e investigar si el sexo de dichas personas influye en las bajas en el seguimiento. Métodos: Entre noviembre de 2001 y noviembre de 2007 se inscribieron en el estudio 50 275 personas VIH-positivas de más de 14 años de edad (69% mujeres; edad media: 36,2 años). Se consideró una baja en el seguimiento cuando la persona se ausentó de la clínica de tratamiento del VIH durante más de tres meses si estaba en tratamiento antirretroviral combinado (TARC) o, en el caso contrario, durante más de seis meses. La incidencia de bajas en el seguimiento se ha calculado utilizando los métodos de Kaplan-Meier, y los factores asociados con las bajas en el seguimiento se han identificado mediante un análisis de regresión logística y de regresión multifactorial de Cox. Resultados: En términos generales, el 8% de las personas no acudieron a las visitas de seguimiento, de las que el 54% se consideraron como bajas en el seguimiento. La incidencia total de bajas en el seguimiento fue de 25,1 por 100 años-persona. Del 92% que acudió al menos a una visita de seguimiento, la incidencia de baja en el seguimiento, antes y después de comenzar el TARC fue de 27,2 y 14,0 por 100 años persona, respectivamente. Los factores iniciales asociados a la baja en el seguimiento incluyeron: la juventud, la lejanía de la clínica, la revelación del paciente de su estado de VIH-positivo, el recuento linfocítico CD4+ elevado, enfermedades debidas al VIH en fase avanzada y la ubicación de la clínica rural. El riesgo general en hombres fue elevado, antes y después de iniciar el TARC. Conclusión: El riesgo de baja en el seguimiento del paciente fue elevado, sobre todo antes de iniciar el TARC. Hubo una tendencia de más bajas en el seguimiento entre los hombres, aún después del ajuste de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas iniciales. Las intervenciones específicas e individuales para hombres y mujeres podrían mejorar la permanencia en el programa. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif: Déterminer l'incidence de perte de suivi dans un programme de traitement pour les personnes vivant avec l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) au Kenya, et investiguer comment la perte de suivi est influencée par le sexe. Méthodes: Entre novembre 2001 et novembre 2007, 50 275 individus séropositifs d'âge ± 14 ans (69% de sexe féminin; âge médian: 36,2 ans) ont participé à l'étude. Le suivi a été perdu lorsque les individus ont été absents de la clinique de traitement du VIH pendant > 3 mois lorsqu'ils étaient sous combinaison thérapeutique antirétrovirale (TARV), et pendant > 6 mois dans le cas contraire. L'incidence de perte du suivi a été calculée au moyen des méthodes Kaplan-Meier, et les facteurs associés à la perte du suivi ont été identifiés par la régression logistique et l'analyse multivariable par régression du modèle de Cox. Résultats: Globalement, 8% des individus ne se sont jamais présentés à une visite de suivi, et 54% d'entre eux ont perdu le suivi. L'incidence totale de perte du suivi était de 25,1 par 100 personnes-années. Parmi les 92% qui ont assisté à une visite de suivi au moins, l'incidence de perte du suivi avant et après le début du TARV a été de 27,2 et 14,0 par 100 personnes-années, respectivement. Parmi les facteurs de la ligne de base associés à la perte du suivi, ont été constatés le jeune âge, la longueur du temps de trajet pour se rendre à la clinique, la révélation de l'état VIH positif du patient, un nombre élevé de lymphocytes CD4+, un stade avancé de la maladie à VIH et la ruralité de la clinique. Les hommes ont présenté un risque plus élevé en général et ce, avant et après le début du TARV. Conclusion: Le risque de perte du suivi a été élevé, particulièrement avant le début du TARV. Les hommes ont été plus enclins à perdre le suivi, même après ajustement pour base sociodémographique et caractéristiques cliniques. Des interventions conçues séparément pour les hommes et les femmes pourraient améliorer la rétention. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV-positive persons KW - HIV infections -- Treatment KW - DEMOGRAPHIC research KW - GENDER studies KW - PATIENT compliance KW - RESEARCH KW - HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy KW - KENYA -- Social conditions -- 1963- KW - KENYA N1 - Accession Number: 54379740; Ochieng-Ooko, Vincent 1 Ochieng, Daniel 1 Sidle, John E. 2 Holdsworth, Margaret 1 Wools-Kaloustian, Kara 2 Siika, Abraham M. 2 Yiannoutsos, Constantin T. 3 Owiti, Michael 4 Kimaiyo, Sylvester 4 Braitstein, Paula 2; Email Address: pbraitstein@yahoo.com; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya 2: Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street (OPW-M200), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America 3: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA 4: School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 88 Issue 9, p681; Subject Term: HIV-positive persons; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Treatment; Subject Term: DEMOGRAPHIC research; Subject Term: GENDER studies; Subject Term: PATIENT compliance; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; Subject Term: KENYA -- Social conditions -- 1963-; Subject Term: KENYA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.2471/BLT.09.064329 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54379740&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105006854 T1 - Influence of gender on loss to follow-up in a large HIV treatment programme in western Kenya. AU - Ochieng-Ooko V AU - Ochieng D AU - Sidle JE AU - Holdsworth M AU - Wools-Kaloustian K AU - Siika AM AU - Yiannoutsos CT AU - Owiti M AU - Kimaiyo S AU - Braitstein P Y1 - 2010/09// N1 - Accession Number: 105006854. Language: English. Entry Date: 20101126. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Public Health. Grant Information: United States Agency for International Development, United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health (NIAID) (U01-AI0669911 [East Africa IeDEA Regional Consortium]); and President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). NLM UID: 7507052. KW - Antiviral Agents -- Administration and Dosage KW - HIV Infections -- Drug Therapy -- Kenya KW - Research Dropouts KW - Sex Factors KW - Adult KW - Chi Square Test KW - Cox Proportional Hazards Model KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Female KW - Funding Source KW - Human KW - Kaplan-Meier Estimator KW - Kenya KW - Kruskal-Wallis Test KW - Logistic Regression KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - P-Value KW - Retrospective Design KW - Self Report SP - 681 EP - 688 JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JA - BULL WORLD HEALTH ORGAN VL - 88 IS - 9 PB - World Health Organization AB - Objective: To determine the incidence of loss to follow-up in a treatment programme for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Kenya and to investigate how loss to follow-up is affected by gender. Methods: Between November 2001 and November 2007, 50 275 HIV-positive individuals aged >/= 14 years (69% female; median age: 36.2 years) were enrolled in the study. An individual was lost to follow-up when absent from the HIV treatment clinic for > 3 months if on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) or for > 6 months if not. The incidence of loss to follow-up was calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and factors associated with loss to follow-up were identified by logistic and Cox multivariate regression analysis. Findings: Overall, 8% of individuals attended no follow-up visits, and 54% of them were lost to follow-up. The overall incidence of loss to follow-up was 25.1 per 100 person--years. Among the 92% who attended at least one follow-up visit, the incidence of loss to follow-up before and after starting cART was 27.2 and 14.0 per 100 person--years, respectively. Baseline factors associated with loss to follow-up included younger age, a long travel time to the clinic, patient disclosure of positive HIV status, high CD4+ lymphocyte count, advanced-stage HIV disease, and rural clinic location. Men were at an increased risk overall and before and after starting cART. Conclusion: The risk of being lost to follow-up was high, particularly before starting cART. Men were more likely to become lost to follow-up, even after adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Interventions designed for men and women separately could improve retention. Copyright © 20010 World Health Organization SN - 0042-9686 AD - United States Agency for International Development, Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya U2 - PMID: 20865073. DO - 10.2471/BLT.09.064329 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105006854&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peters, Christina AU - Sprout, Ron AU - Melzig, Robyn T1 - Regional poverty disparity and economic performance in Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia. JO - Post-Communist Economies JF - Post-Communist Economies Y1 - 2010/09// VL - 22 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 345 EP - 365 PB - Routledge SN - 14631377 AB - While most of the inequality literature focuses on income inequalities by Gini coefficient, this article develops an alternative index that measures the extent of poverty disparities across geographical regions. In contrast to trends in income inequalities, there is little evidence that regional poverty disparities have peaked and are falling in Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia. Using panel data for the transition countries, we find that high levels of regional poverty disparity have a positive impact on macroeconomic performance. Further evidence suggests this result may be driven by the positive effect of disparities on both saving and the pace of economic reforms. However, it appears that disparities are beneficial to progress on both economic and democratic reforms only for countries with per capita income levels above USD3000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Post-Communist Economies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POVERTY KW - REGIONAL disparities KW - EUROPE, Central KW - EUROPE, Eastern KW - EURASIA N1 - Accession Number: 52815461; Peters, Christina 1; Email Address: cpeter80@mscd.edu; Sprout, Ron 2; Melzig, Robyn 2; Affiliations: 1: Metropolitan State College of Denver, Denver, USA.; 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA.; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p345; Thesaurus Term: POVERTY; Subject Term: REGIONAL disparities; Subject: EUROPE, Central; Subject: EUROPE, Eastern; Subject: EURASIA; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/14631377.2010.498684 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=52815461&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arévalo, Marcos AU - Yeager, Beth AU - Sinai, Irit AU - Panfichi, Rosario AU - Jennings, Victoria T1 - Adding the Standard Days Method to the contraceptive method mix in a high-prevalence setting in Peru. T2 - Adición del Método de Días Fijos a la combinación de métodos anticonceptivos en un entorno de alta prevalencia de anticoncepción en el Perú. JO - Pan American Journal of Public Health JF - Pan American Journal of Public Health Y1 - 2010/08// VL - 28 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 80 EP - 85 SN - 10204989 AB - Objective. To determine what contribution the Standard Days Method® (SDM) makes to the contraceptive mix offered by regular health services in areas of Peru where contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR) are already high. Methods. SDM was added to the family planning methods offered by the Ministry of Health in two provinces in Peru in September 2002. Retrospective interviews were conducted in March-June 2004 with 1 200 women who had chosen SDM as their contraceptive method and had used it for 2-20 months. Data were also obtained from the databases of the participating health services. The evaluation covered SDM demand, whether or not clients were switching to SDM from other modern methods, and SDM continuation and effectiveness. Results. Demand for SDM stabilized at 6% of all new family planning users. Most users had not been using any reliable contraception at the time they started using SDM. About 89% of those who began using SDM at least 6 months before the interview were still using it at 6 months. The 12-month typical use pregnancy rate was estimated to be around 10.0 per 100 women years. Conclusions. Adding SDM to a program's existing contraceptive method mix can increase coverage even in an already high-CPR setting. Most women who choose SDM do not switch from any other modern family planning method. Continuation compares well with other modern user-directed methods. SDM effectiveness, when offered in regular service delivery circumstances, compares well to efficacy trial findings. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo. Definir la contribución del Método de Días Fijos® (MDF) a la combinación de métodos anticonceptivos que ofrecen los servicios de salud en dos provincias del Perú, donde las tasas de prevalencia de anticoncepción ya son altas. Métodos. El MDF se agregó a los métodos de planificación familiar ofrecidos por el Ministerio de Salud en dos provincias en el Perú en septiembre del 2002. Entre marzo y junio del 2004, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas retrospectivas a 1 200 mujeres que habían escogido este método anticonceptivo y lo habían usado durante un período de 2 a 20 meses. Se obtuvo también información a partir de las bases de datos de los servicios de salud que participaron en el estudio. Se recogieron datos para determinar la demanda del MDF, si las usuarias hicieron la transición del MDF a otros métodos modernos por el de los días fijos y con la continuidad del uso del método y su eficacia. Resultados. La demanda del MDF se estabilizó en 6% de todas las nuevas usuarias de planificación familiar. La mayoría de ellas no estaba utilizando otro método de anticoncepción en el momento de comenzar a usar este método. Cerca de 89% de las mujeres que habían empezado a usar el MDF al menos 6 meses antes de la entrevista, todavía lo estaban usando 6 meses después. Se calculó que la tasa de embarazo con un uso típico del método durante 12 meses fue alrededor de 10,0 por 100 años-mujer. Conclusiones. La adición del MDF a las opciones de métodos anticonceptivos propuestos por un programa puede aumentar la cobertura, incluso en entornos que ya cuentan con una alta tasa de prevalencia de anticoncepción. La mayoría de las mujeres que eligieron el MDF no había usado antes otro método moderno de planificación familiar. La continuación de su uso es comparable con la continuación de otros métodos modernos que dependen del usuario. La eficacia del MDF, cuando se ofrece en un contexto de prestación de servicios regulares es comparable con los resultados que se obtuvieron en el estudio de eficacia. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Pan American Journal of Public Health is the property of Pan American Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONTRACEPTION KW - FAMILY planning KW - MEDICAL care KW - DATABASES KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - PERU KW - Contraception KW - contraception behavior KW - natural family planning methods KW - Peru KW - Anticoncepción KW - conducta anticoncepiva KW - métodos naturales de planificación familiar KW - Perú N1 - Accession Number: 54580596; Arévalo, Marcos 1 Yeager, Beth 2 Sinai, Irit 3; Email Address: sinaii@georgetown.edu Panfichi, Rosario 4 Jennings, Victoria 3; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Dhaka, Bangladesh 2: International Relief & Development, Rosslyn, Virginia, United States of America 3: Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., United States of America 4: Instituto de Salud Reproductiva, Lima, Peru; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p80; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTION; Subject Term: FAMILY planning; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: PERU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contraception; Author-Supplied Keyword: contraception behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: natural family planning methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peru; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anticoncepción; Author-Supplied Keyword: conducta anticoncepiva; Author-Supplied Keyword: métodos naturales de planificación familiar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perú; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54580596&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104999385 T1 - Adding the standard days method® to the contraceptive method mix in a high-prevalence setting in peru. AU - Arévalo M AU - Yeager B AU - Sinai I AU - Panfichi R AU - Jennings V Y1 - 2010/08// N1 - Accession Number: 104999385. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110131. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Public Health. NLM UID: 9705400. KW - Family Planning -- Administration -- Peru KW - Contraception -- Methods KW - Contraception -- Utilization KW - Women's Health Services KW - Peru KW - Human KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Female KW - Women's Health KW - Health Policy KW - Retrospective Design KW - Interviews KW - Pregnancy KW - Reliability SP - 80 EP - 85 JO - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica JF - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica JA - PAN AM J PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 28 IS - 2 CY - Washington, District of Columbia PB - Pan American Health Organization AB - Objective. To determine what contribution the Standard Days Method® (SDM) makes to the contraceptive mix offered by regular health services in areas of Peru where contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR) are already high. Methods. SDM was added to the family planning methods offered by the Ministry of Health in two provinces in Peru in September 2002. Retrospective interviews were conducted in March-June 2004 with 1 200 women who had chosen SDM as their contraceptive method and had used it for 2-20 months. Data were also obtained from the databases of the participating health services. The evaluation covered SDM demand, whether or not clients were switching to SDM from other modern methods, and SDM continuation and effectiveness. Results. Demand for SDM stabilized at 6% of all new family planning users. Most users had not been using any reliable contraception at the time they started using SDM. About 89% of those who began using SDM at least 6 months before the interview were still using it at 6 months. The 12-month typical use pregnancy rate was estimated to be around 10.0 per 100 women years. Conclusions. Adding SDM to a program's existing contraceptive method mix can increase coverage even in an already high-CPR setting. Most women who choose SDM do not switch from any other modern family planning method. Continuation compares well with other modern user-directed methods. SDM effectiveness, when offered in regular service delivery circumstances, compares well to efficacy trial findings. SN - 1020-4989 AD - United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Dhaka, Bangladesh DO - 10.1590/S1020-49892010000800002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104999385&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - GEN AU - O'Farrell, Nigel AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Two-component generalised HIV epidemics. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2010/07/03/ VL - 376 IS - 9734 M3 - Letter SP - 21 EP - 22 SN - 00995355 AB - Two letters to the editor are presented in response to the article "A Tale of Two-Component Generalised HIV Epidemics," by James Shelton published in the March 20, 2010 issue, including a comment and the author's reply. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - HIV infections KW - EPIDEMICS KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - DISEASE prevalence KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY N1 - Accession Number: 52013761; O'Farrell, Nigel 1; Email Address: nigel.o'farrell@eht.nhs.uk Shelton, James D. 2; Email Address: JShelton@USAID.GOV; Affiliation: 1: Ealing Hospital, London UB1 3HW, UK 2: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 7/3/2010, Vol. 376 Issue 9734, p21; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52013761&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mauch, Verena AU - Weil, Diana AU - Munim, Aayid AU - Boillot, Francois AU - Coninx, Rudi AU - Huseynova, Sevil AU - Powell, Clydette AU - Seita, Akihiro AU - Wembanyama, Henriette AU - van den Hof, Susan T1 - Structure and management of tuberculosis control programs in fragile states—Afghanistan, DR Congo, Haiti, Somalia JO - Health Policy JF - Health Policy Y1 - 2010/07// VL - 96 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 118 EP - 127 SN - 01688510 AB - Abstract: Objectives: Health care delivery is particularly problematic in fragile states often connected with increased incidence of communicable diseases, among them tuberculosis. This article draws upon experiences in tuberculosis control in four fragile states from which four lessons learned were derived. Methods: A structured inventory to extract common themes specific for TB control in fragile states was conducted among twelve providers of technical assistance who have worked in fragile states. The themes were applied to the TB control programs of Afghanistan, DR Congo, Haiti and Somalia during the years 2000–2006. Results: Case notifications and treatment outcomes have increased in all four countries since 2003 (treatment success rates 81–90%). Access to care and case detection however have remained insufficient (case detection rates 39–62%); There are four lessons learned: 1. TB control programs can function in fragile states. 2. National program leadership and stewardship are essential for quality and sustained TB control. 3. Partnerships with non-governmental providers are vital for continuous service delivery; 4. TB control programs in fragile states require consistent donor support. Conclusion: Despite challenges in management, coordination, security, logistics and funding, TB control programs can function in fragile states, but face considerable problems in access to diagnosis and treatment and therefore case detection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Health Policy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MEDICAL care KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention KW - DISEASE incidence KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - TECHNICAL assistance KW - HEALTH care teams KW - AFGHANISTAN KW - HAITI KW - SOMALIA KW - CONGO (Democratic Republic) KW - Afghanistan KW - DR Congo KW - Haiti KW - Health systems KW - Somalia KW - Tuberculosis N1 - Accession Number: 51291964; Mauch, Verena 1; Email Address: mauchv@kncvtbc.nl; Weil, Diana 2; Munim, Aayid 3; Boillot, Francois 4,5; Coninx, Rudi 6; Huseynova, Sevil 7; Powell, Clydette 8; Seita, Akihiro 9; Wembanyama, Henriette 10; van den Hof, Susan 1,11; Affiliations: 1: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Den Haag, The Netherlands; 2: WHO Stop TB Department, Geneva, Switzerland; 3: WHO Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan; 4: Alter Santé Internationale et Developpement, Montpellier, France; 5: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease IUATLD, Paris, France; 6: WHO Emergency Preparedness and Capacity Building Department, Geneva, Switzerland; 7: WHO Iraq, Amman, Jordan; 8: USAID Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC, USA; 9: WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt; 10: WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo; 11: Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Issue Info: Jul2010, Vol. 96 Issue 2, p118; Thesaurus Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Prevention; Subject Term: DISEASE incidence; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: TECHNICAL assistance; Subject Term: HEALTH care teams; Subject: AFGHANISTAN; Subject: HAITI; Subject: SOMALIA; Subject: CONGO (Democratic Republic); Author-Supplied Keyword: Afghanistan; Author-Supplied Keyword: DR Congo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haiti; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Somalia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuberculosis; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.01.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=51291964&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-09979-004 AN - 2010-09979-004 AU - Nsubuga, P. AU - Brown, W. G. AU - Groseclose, S. L. AU - Ahadzie, L. AU - Talisuna, A. O. AU - Mmbuji, P. AU - Tshimanga, M. AU - Midzi, S. AU - Wurapa, F. AU - Bazeyo, W. AU - Amri, M. AU - Trostle, M. AU - White, M. T1 - Implementing Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response: Four African countries' experience, 1998-2005. JF - Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice JO - Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice JA - Glob Public Health Y1 - 2010/07// VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 364 EP - 380 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1744-1692 SN - 1744-1706 AD - Nsubuga, P. N1 - Accession Number: 2010-09979-004. PMID: 19916090 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Nsubuga, P.; Coordinating Office for Global Health, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, US. Release Date: 20100913. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Health Promotion; Infectious Disorders; Program Evaluation. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). Location: Ghana; Tanzania; Uganda; Zimbabwe. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 17. Issue Publication Date: Jul, 2010. Publication History: Revised Date: May 14, 2009; First Submitted Date: Feb 2, 2008. Copyright Statement: Taylor & Francis. 2010. AB - The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy was developed by the Africa Regional Office (AFRO) of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and proposed for adoption by member states in 1998. The goal was to build WHO/AFRO countries' capacity to detect, report and effectively respond to priority infectious diseases. This evaluation focuses on the outcomes in four countries that implemented this strategy. Major successes included: integration of the surveillance function of most of the categorical disease control programmes; implementation of standard surveillance, laboratory and response guidelines; improved timeliness and completeness of surveillance data and increased national-level review and use of surveillance data for response. The most challenging aspects were: strengthening laboratory networks; providing regular feedback and supervision on surveillance and response activities; routine monitoring of IDSR activities and extending the strategy to sub-national levels. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response KW - infectious diseases KW - program evaluation KW - 2010 KW - Health Promotion KW - Infectious Disorders KW - Program Evaluation KW - 2010 DO - 10.1080/17441690903334943 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-09979-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - PCN0@cdc.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Troccoli, Alberto AU - Boulahya, Mohammed S. AU - Dutton, John A. AU - Furlow, John AU - Gurney, Robert J. AU - Harrison, Mike T1 - Weather and Climate Risk Management in the Energy Sector. JO - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Y1 - 2010/06// VL - 91 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 785 EP - 788 PB - American Meteorological Society SN - 00030007 AB - No abstract available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Energy industries -- Environmental aspects KW - Climatic changes -- Prevention KW - Climatic changes -- Risk management KW - Climatic changes -- International cooperation KW - Weather forecasting KW - Workshops (Adult education) KW - North Atlantic Treaty Organization N1 - Accession Number: 59820379; Troccoli, Alberto 1; Email Address: alberto.troccoli@csiro.au; Boulahya, Mohammed S. 2; Dutton, John A. 3; Furlow, John 4; Gurney, Robert J. 1; Harrison, Mike 5; Affiliations: 1: University of Reading, Reading, United kingdom; 2: ClimDev Africa, Tunis, Tunisia; 3: Prescient Weather Ltd., University Park, Pennsylvania; 4: USAID, Washington, D.C.; 5: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 91 Issue 6, p785; Thesaurus Term: Energy industries -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Prevention; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Risk management; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- International cooperation; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Subject Term: Workshops (Adult education) ; Company/Entity: North Atlantic Treaty Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1175/2010BAMS2849.1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=59820379&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-12235-003 AN - 2010-12235-003 AU - Ortayli, Nuriye AU - Malarcher, Shawn T1 - Equity analysis: Identifying who benefits from family planning programs. JF - Studies in Family Planning JO - Studies in Family Planning JA - Stud Fam Plann Y1 - 2010/06// VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 101 EP - 108 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 0039-3665 SN - 1728-4465 AD - Ortayli, Nuriye, Reproductive Health, UNFPA, 220 East 42nd Street, New York, NY, US, 10017 N1 - Accession Number: 2010-12235-003. PMID: 21466109 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Ortayli, Nuriye; Reproductive Health, UNFPA, New York, NY, US. Other Publishers: Blackwell Publishing. Release Date: 20100816. Correction Date: 20120618. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Contraceptive Devices; Equity (Social); Family Planning. Minor Descriptor: Analysis; Cross Cultural Differences; Developing Countries. Classification: Childrearing & Child Care (2956). Population: Human (10). Location: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Benin; Bangladesh; Burkina Faso; Brazil; Bolivia; Cambodia; Chad; Colombia; Cameroon; Dominican Republic; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Egypt; Ghana; Gabon; Guatemala; Guinea; Honduras; Haiti; India; Indonesia; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kyrgyzstan; Liberia; Lesotho; Madagascar; Mali; Morocco; Mauritania; Moldova; Malawi; Mozambique; Niger; Namibia; Nepal; Nicaragua; Peru; Philippines; Pakistan; Rwanda; South Africa; Swaziland; Togo; Turkmenistan; Turkey; Tanzania; Uganda; Ukraine; Uzbekistan; Vietnam; Yemen; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Comoros. Methodology: Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Jun, 2010. AB - This study examines current disparities in access to family planning services in developing countries with data drawn from 64 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1994 and 2008. The percent of demand satisfied is used as a proxy measure for access to family planning. In all regions, married women aged 15-19 have greater difficulty than older women in meeting their need for contraceptive services. Inequities in the percent of demand satisfied among individuals of varying economic status, area of residence, and education are observed in all regions except Central Asia. These gaps are larger and more common in sub-Saharan Africa. Strategies that seek to increase contraceptive use rapidly without consideration for disadvantaged groups are likely to increase observed inequities in percent of demand satisfied in the short term. Efforts to monitor progress toward the goals enumerated in 1994 at the International Conference on Population and Development and toward other development goals must go beyond global, regional, and national averages to address the needs of population groups that are at greatest risk of adverse health outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - equity analysis KW - family planning programs KW - contraceptive services KW - developing countries KW - 2010 KW - Contraceptive Devices KW - Equity (Social) KW - Family Planning KW - Analysis KW - Cross Cultural Differences KW - Developing Countries KW - 2010 U1 - Sponsor: UNFPA. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2010.00230.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-12235-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ortayli@unfpa.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-12235-005 AN - 2010-12235-005 AU - Bankole, Akinrinola AU - Malarcher, Shawn T1 - Removing barriers to adolescents' access to contraceptive information and services. JF - Studies in Family Planning JO - Studies in Family Planning JA - Stud Fam Plann Y1 - 2010/06// VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 124 CY - United Kingdom PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. SN - 0039-3665 SN - 1728-4465 AD - Bankole, Akinrinola, International Research, Guttmacher Institute, 125 Maiden Lane, New York, NY, US, 10038 N1 - Accession Number: 2010-12235-005. PMID: 21466111 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Bankole, Akinrinola; International Research, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, US. Other Publishers: Blackwell Publishing. Release Date: 20100816. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Adolescent Development; Adolescent Pregnancy; Birth Control; Family Planning; Psychosexual Behavior. Minor Descriptor: Information; Society. Classification: Psychosocial & Personality Development (2840). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200). References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Jun, 2010. AB - Adolescents constitute a large and growing segment of many societies. Adolescence is a key period of transition as they move from being students to workers, from being children to becoming parents, and from being dependents to becoming providers. Adolescence is a period of rapid change in sexual activity. Although adolescents may become victims of sexual violence and forced sex, evidence suggests that most young people engage in sexual activity voluntarily. Adolescents often lack the skills to negotiate safe practices and the knowledge and confidence to exercise their reproductive rights. As a result, many engage in unprotected sex, sometimes with multiple or casual partners, thereby exposing themselves to the risks of unintended pregnancy and HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Sexually active adolescents need access to appropriate and effective contraceptives to protect themselves against unintended pregnancy and disease. Recognizing sexual initiation as an event that most adolescents experience and that is part of the transition to adulthood is an important step toward reducing the current high level of stigma associated with it, particularly in developing countries. The expense of providing family planning to prevent unintended pregnancy is usually much less than the cost associated with the consequences of unintended pregnancies and births. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - adolescents KW - contraceptive information KW - contraceptive services KW - society KW - sexual activity KW - pregnancy KW - family planning KW - 2010 KW - Adolescent Development KW - Adolescent Pregnancy KW - Birth Control KW - Family Planning KW - Psychosexual Behavior KW - Information KW - Society KW - 2010 DO - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2010.00232.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-12235-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - abankole@guttmacher.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tobey, James AU - Rubinoff, Pamela AU - Robadue, Donald AU - Ricci, Glen AU - Volk, Richard AU - Furlow, John AU - Anderson, Glen T1 - Practicing Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change: Lessons from Integrated Coastal Management. JO - Coastal Management JF - Coastal Management Y1 - 2010/05//May/Jun2010 VL - 38 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 317 EP - 335 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd SN - 08920753 AB - The challenges faced in adapting to climate change present themselves with increasing urgency. Nowhere will these challenges be greater than in the developing world where often weak institutions and governance systems struggle to deal with mounting pressures from population growth, inadequate infrastructure, and diminishing or already depleted natural resources. This article synthesizes the many global climate change and other anthropogenic threats to coastal ecosystems and draws on lessons and good practices from global experience in integrated coastal management (ICM) that can be transferred to coastal adaptation to these challenges. The case is made that the process and best practices of ICM are not radically changed by applying a climate lens. For the most part, the good practices of planning and implementation coastal management measures apply equally to climate change as they do to other coastal issues. However, there are some new and important considerations that enter into planning and decision-making with respect to climate change. These considerations include the need for an even greater emphasis on nature-based coastal protection strategies and measures, more pronounced issues of uncertainty in decision-making, the need for a longer planning horizon, and the importance of including in the decision-making equation opportunities to mitigate the sources of climate change with adaptation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Coastal Management is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Integrated coastal zone management KW - Climatic changes KW - Overpopulation KW - Natural resources KW - Climate change mitigation KW - Decision making -- Environmental aspects KW - Developing countries KW - climate change KW - coastal adaptation KW - coastal impacts KW - ICM KW - lessons learned N1 - Accession Number: 51174707; Tobey, James 1; Email Address: tobey@crc.uri.ed; Rubinoff, Pamela 1; Robadue, Donald 1; Ricci, Glen 1; Volk, Richard 2; Furlow, John 3; Anderson, Glen 4; Affiliations: 1: Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA; 2: Water and Coastal Resources Team, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 3: Global Climate Change Team, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 4: International Resources Group, Washington, DC, USA; Issue Info: May/Jun2010, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p317; Thesaurus Term: Integrated coastal zone management; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Overpopulation; Thesaurus Term: Natural resources; Thesaurus Term: Climate change mitigation; Subject Term: Decision making -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Developing countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: coastal adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: coastal impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: ICM; Author-Supplied Keyword: lessons learned; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/08920753.2010.483169 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=51174707&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - SILKES, CAROL AU - ADLER, HOWARD AU - PHILLIPS, PATRICK SHAWN T1 - Hospitality Career Fairs: Student Perceptions of Value and Usefulness. JO - Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism JF - Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism Y1 - 2010/05//May-Aug2010 VL - 9 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 117 EP - 130 SN - 15332845 AB - The study examined the experience of students majoring in hospitality and tourism management who attended an annual career fair sponsored by the department. The purpose of this study was to ascertain student attitudes regarding their perception of the value of attending career fairs and the recruiting efforts conducted. Questionnaires were completed by students upon departing the career fair. It was found that most students agreed that participation in the career fair increased student knowledge about their specific areas of interest. It was found that student interest in hospitality and tourism careers increased as a result of attendance at the career fair. Different patterns of career fair attendance were found among different demographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - JOB fairs KW - COLLEGE students KW - TOURISM KW - EMPLOYMENT (Economic theory) KW - MANPOWER KW - campus recruiters KW - Career fairs KW - hospitality and tourism students KW - hospitality career fair KW - student perceptions of value and usefulness N1 - Accession Number: 49086320; SILKES, CAROL 1 ADLER, HOWARD 2; Email Address: adlerh@purdue.edu PHILLIPS, PATRICK SHAWN 3; Affiliation: 1: Kemmons Wilson School of Hospitality and Resort Management, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA 2: Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA 3: Bureau for Africa, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: May-Aug2010, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p117; Subject Term: JOB fairs; Subject Term: COLLEGE students; Subject Term: TOURISM; Subject Term: EMPLOYMENT (Economic theory); Subject Term: MANPOWER; Author-Supplied Keyword: campus recruiters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Career fairs; Author-Supplied Keyword: hospitality and tourism students; Author-Supplied Keyword: hospitality career fair; Author-Supplied Keyword: student perceptions of value and usefulness; NAICS/Industry Codes: 721199 All Other Traveler Accommodation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 721191 Bed-and-Breakfast Inns; NAICS/Industry Codes: 721120 Casino Hotels; NAICS/Industry Codes: 721110 Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; NAICS/Industry Codes: 713990 All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561591 Convention and Visitors Bureaus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 721214 Recreational and Vacation Camps (except Campgrounds); NAICS/Industry Codes: 721211 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Campgrounds; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/15332840903383806 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49086320&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spiegel, Jerry M. AU - Dharamsi, Shafik AU - Wasan, Kishor M. AU - Yassi, Annalee AU - Singer, Burton AU - Hotez, Peter J. AU - Hanson, Christy AU - Bundy, Donald A. P. T1 - Which New Approaches to Tackling Neglected Tropical Diseases Show Promise? JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2010/05// VL - 7 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - The article presents a debate on various approaches that address neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the U.S. and British Columbia. Jerry Spiegel and colleagues from the University of British Columbia view the significance of diverting proportion of research funding to tackle social determinants of NTDs than focusing on drug development for NTDs. In contrast, Peter Hotez and colleagues stress that the best return on investment will continue to be integrated drug administration for NTDs. KW - TROPICAL medicine KW - DEBATES & debating KW - THERAPEUTICS KW - UNITED States KW - BRITISH Columbia KW - SPIEGEL, Jerry KW - HOTEZ, Peter N1 - Accession Number: 52258027; Spiegel, Jerry M. 1,2,3; Email Address: jerry.spiegel@ubc.ca Dharamsi, Shafik 2,3,4 Wasan, Kishor M. 5 Yassi, Annalee 1,6 Singer, Burton 7; Email Address: bhsinger@epi.ufl.edu Hotez, Peter J. 8; Email Address: PHotez@gwu.edu Hanson, Christy 9; Email Address: Chanson@usaid.gov Bundy, Donald A. P. 10; Email Address: Dbundy@worldbank.org; Affiliation: 1: School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 2: Centre for International Health, College of Health Disciplines, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 3: Liu Institute for Global Issues, College for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 4: Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 5: Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 6: Global Health Research Program, College for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 7: Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America 8: George Washington University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, and Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, D.C., United States of America 9: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, D.C., United States of America 10: World Bank, Washington, D.C., United States of America; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: TROPICAL medicine; Subject Term: DEBATES & debating; Subject Term: THERAPEUTICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Subject Term: BRITISH Columbia; People: SPIEGEL, Jerry; People: HOTEZ, Peter; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000255 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52258027&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-08654-003 AN - 2010-08654-003 AU - Nyandiko, Winstone M. AU - Otieno-Nyunya, Boaz AU - Musick, Beverly AU - Bucher-Yiannoutsos, Sherri AU - Akhaabi, Pamela AU - Lane, Karin AU - Yiannoutsos, Constantin T. AU - Wools-Kaloustian, Kara T1 - Outcomes of HIV-exposed children in Western Kenya: Efficacy of prevention of mother to child transmission in a resource-constrained setting. JF - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JO - JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JA - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Y1 - 2010/05/01/ VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 50 CY - US PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 1525-4135 SN - 1077-9450 AD - Nyandiko, Winstone M., Moi University, School of Medicine, PO Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya N1 - Accession Number: 2010-08654-003. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya. Release Date: 20110502. Correction Date: 20150518. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Disease Transmission; HIV; Intervention; Mothers. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291); Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Kenya. Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100); Infancy (2-23 mo) (140); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Longitudinal Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 9. Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2010. Publication History: Accepted Date: Dec 18, 2009; First Submitted Date: Aug 5, 2009. Copyright Statement: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010. AB - Objectives: To compare rates of mother to child transmission of HIV and infant survival in women-infant dyads receiving different interventions in a prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (pMTCT) program in western Kenya. Design: Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data stored in an electronic medical record system. Setting: Eighteen HIV clinics in western Kenya. Population: HIV-exposed infants enrolled between February 2002 and July 2007, at any of the United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare partnership clinics. Main outcome measures: Combined endpoint (CE) of infant HIV status and mortality at 3 and 18 months. Analysis: Descriptive statistics, x² Fisher exact test, and multivariable modeling. Results: Between February 2002 and July 2007, 2477 HIV-exposed children were registered for care by the United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare partnership pMTCT program before 3 months of age. Median age at enrollment was 6.1 weeks; 50.4% infants were male. By 3 months, 31 of 2477 infants (1.3%) were dead and 183 (7.4%) were lost to follow-up. One thousand (40%) underwent HIV DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction virologic test at a median age of 8.3 weeks: 5% were HIV infected, 89% uninfected, and 6% were indeterminate. Of the 968 infants with specific test results or mortality data at 3 months, the CE of HIV infection or death was reached in 84 of 968 (8.7%) infants. The 3-month CE was significantly impacted (A) by maternal prophylaxis [51 of 752 (6.8%) combination antiretroviral therapy (cART); 8 of 69 (11.6%) single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP); and 25 of 147 (17%) no prophylaxis (P < 0.001)] and (B) by feeding method for the 889 of 968 (91.8%) mother-infant pairs for which feeding choice was documented [5 of 29 (17.2%) exclusive breastfeeding; 13 of 110 (11.8%) mixed feeding; and 54 of 750 (7.2%) formula feeding (P = 0.041)]. Of the 1201 infants ≥ 18 months of age: 41 (3.4%) were deceased and 329 (27.4%) were lost to follow-up. Of 621 of 831 (74.7%) infants tested, 65 (10.5%) were infected resulting in a CE of 103 of 659 (15.6%). CE differed significantly by maternal prophylaxis [52 of 441 (11.8%) for cART; 13 of 96 (13.5%) for sdNVP; and 38 of 122 (31.2%) no therapy group (P < 0.001)] but not by feeding method for the 638 of 659 (96.8%) children with documented feeding choice [7 of 35 (20%) exclusive breastfeeding, 14 of 63 (22.2%) mixed, and 74 of 540 (13.7%) formula (P = 0.131)]. On multivariate analysis, sdNVP (odds ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2 to 0.8) and cART (odds ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.2 to 0.6) were associated with fewer CE. At 18 months, feeding method was not significantly associated with the CE. Conclusions: Though ascertainment bias is likely, results strongly suggest a benefit of antiretroviral prophylaxis in reducing infant death and HIV infection, but do not show a benefit at 18-months from the use of formula. There was a high rate of loss to follow up, and adherence to the HIV infant testing protocol was less than 50% indicating the need to address barrers related to infant HIV testing, and to improve outreach and follow-up services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV KW - Western Kenya KW - mother to child transmission KW - resource constrained setting KW - intervention KW - child exposure KW - prevention KW - infant feeding KW - child survival KW - pMTCT KW - 2010 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Disease Transmission KW - HIV KW - Intervention KW - Mothers KW - 2010 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), AMPATH, US. Other Details: Partnership. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: National Institutes of Health, US. Grant: U01AI069911. Recipients: No recipient indicated UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-08654-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - nyandikom@yahoo.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-07968-009 AN - 2010-07968-009 AU - Etienne, Mill AU - Powell, Clydette AU - Faux, Brian T1 - Disaster relief in Haiti: A perspective from the neurologists on the USNS COMFORT. JF - The Lancet Neurology JO - The Lancet Neurology JA - Lancet Neurol Y1 - 2010/05// VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 461 EP - 463 CY - Netherlands PB - Elsevier Science SN - 1474-4422 AD - Etienne, Mill N1 - Accession Number: 2010-07968-009. PMID: 20398854 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Etienne, Mill; Department of Neurology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, US. Release Date: 20100524. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Health Personnel Attitudes; Natural Disasters; Navy Personnel; Neurologists; Emergency Management. Classification: Professional Personnel Attitudes & Characteristics (3430); Military Psychology (3800). Population: Human (10). Location: Haiti. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Page Count: 3. Issue Publication Date: May, 2010. AB - On Jan 12, 2010, a 7.0 Richter earthquake in Haiti led to a worldwide humanitarian effort, the largest in the US Navy’s history. Over 200,000 people died and countless more were injured and homeless. Within 8 days of the earthquake, the USNS COMFORT docked 2 miles off the coast of Haiti and served as the tertiary medical center for the region. Aboard the COMFORT were a neurologist and two neurosurgeons from the US Navy, a pediatric neurologist from the US Agency for International Development, three physical therapists and five physical therapy assistants. Another pediatric neurologist at a nearby US Air Force facility at Terminal Varreux was available for consultation. Physicians from the COMFORT served as triage officers on land and worked with non-governmental organizations and the Haitian Ministry of Public Health and Population to identify patients requiring admission. Of over 862 patients were admitted in 7 weeks. About 130 patients, one third of whom were pediatric patients, were seen by neurologists and 63 neurosurgical surgeries were done. As the mission progressed, many patients were also treated with injuries that occurred in the earthquake aftermath. The range of the neurological cases seen aboard the COMFORT highlights the importance of neurology professionals in mass casualty response. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - disaster relief KW - Haiti KW - neurologists perspective KW - USNS COMFORT KW - navy personnel KW - 2010 KW - Health Personnel Attitudes KW - Natural Disasters KW - Navy Personnel KW - Neurologists KW - Emergency Management KW - 2010 DO - 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70091-0 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-07968-009&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - mill.etienne@med.navy.mil DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - A tale of two-component generalised HIV epidemics. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2010/03/20/ VL - 375 IS - 9719 M3 - Opinion SP - 964 EP - 966 SN - 00995355 AB - The author examines two complex generalised HIV epidemics that cover those who have multiple sexual partners and the large number of already infected individuals. He offers a further explanation of the generalised HIV epidemics, which reveal an important role for both components, as well as a basis for a unifying approach. He recommends several issues that might be prioritized to prevent HIV epidemics. The author also cites several structural approaches to HIV epidemic prevention. KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - PREVENTION KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - HIV-positive persons KW - SEXUALLY transmitted diseases -- Prevention KW - EPIDEMICS KW - PROMISCUITY KW - SERVICES for N1 - Accession Number: 48780671; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2010, Vol. 375 Issue 9719, p964; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV-positive persons; Subject Term: SEXUALLY transmitted diseases -- Prevention; Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: PROMISCUITY; Subject Term: SERVICES for; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Opinion UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48780671&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105150048 T1 - A tale of two-component generalised HIV epidemics. AU - Shelton JD Y1 - 2010/03/20/ N1 - Accession Number: 105150048. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100514. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral -- Prevention and Control KW - Africa KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Sexuality KW - Sexual Partners KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral -- Epidemiology KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral -- Transmission SP - 964 EP - 966 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 375 North American Edition IS - 9719 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. U2 - PMID: 20304227. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60416-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105150048&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105133430 T1 - Rethinking Hard-to-Reach Communities in the Realm of Global Pediatrics: The Urban Poor and Community Health Workers. AU - Jacobs TA Y1 - 2010/03// N1 - Accession Number: 105133430. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100416. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; editorial. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Pediatric Care. NLM UID: 9422751. KW - Community Health Centers -- Administration KW - Health Services Accessibility -- Administration KW - Pediatrics KW - Poverty Areas KW - Urban Health Services -- Administration KW - World Health KW - Child, Preschool KW - Community-Institutional Relations KW - Health Manpower -- Administration KW - India KW - Outcomes (Health Care) SP - 294 EP - 296 JO - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine JF - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine JA - ARCH PEDIATR ADOLESC MED VL - 164 IS - 3 CY - Chicago, Illinois PB - American Medical Association SN - 1072-4710 AD - Maternal and Child Health Division, Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau of Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20853. tjacobs@usaid.gov. U2 - PMID: 20194267. DO - 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.294 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105133430&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - NEWS AU - Stanback, John AU - Spieler, Jeff AU - Shah, Iqbal AU - Finger, William R T1 - Community-based health workers can safely and effectively administer injectable contraceptives: conclusions from a technical consultation JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2010/03// VL - 81 IS - 3 M3 - Editorial SP - 181 EP - 184 SN - 00107824 N1 - Accession Number: 48137531; Stanback, John 1 Spieler, Jeff 2 Shah, Iqbal 3 Finger, William R 1; Affiliation: 1: Family Health International, Durham, NC 27713, USA 2: USAID, Washington, DC 20523-3600, USA 3: World Health Organization, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 81 Issue 3, p181; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.10.006 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48137531&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steiner, Markus J. AU - Lopez, Laureen M. AU - Grimes, David A. AU - Cheng, Linan AU - Shelton, Jim AU - Trussell, James AU - Farley, Timothy M.M. AU - Dorflinger, Laneta T1 - Sino-implant (II) — a levonorgestrel-releasing two-rod implant: systematic review of the randomized controlled trials JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2010/03// VL - 81 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 197 EP - 201 SN - 00107824 AB - Abstract: Background: Sino-implant (II) is a subdermal contraceptive implant manufactured in China. This two-rod levonorgestrel-releasing implant has the same amount of active ingredient (150 mg levonorgestrel) and mechanism of action as the widely available contraceptive implant Jadelle. We examined randomized controlled trials of Sino-implant (II) for effectiveness and side effects. Study Design: We searched electronic databases for studies of Sino-implant (II) and then restricted our review to randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome of this review was pregnancy. Results: Four randomized trials with a total of 15,943 women assigned to Sino-implant (II) had first-year probabilities of pregnancy ranging from 0.0% to 0.1%. Cumulative probabilities of pregnancy during the 4 years of the product''s approved duration of use were 0.9% and 1.06% in the two trials that presented date for 4-year use. Five-year cumulative probabilities of pregnancy ranged from 0.7% to 2.1%. In one trial, the cumulative probability of pregnancy more than doubled during the fifth year (from 0.9% to 2.1%), which may be why the implant is approved for 4 years of use in China. Five-year cumulative probabilities of discontinuation due to menstrual problems ranged from 12.5% to 15.5% for Sino-implant (II). Conclusions: Sino-implant (II) is one of the most effective contraceptives available today. These available clinical data, combined with independent laboratory testing, and the knowledge that 7 million women have used this method since 1994, support the safety and effectiveness of Sino-implant (II). The lower cost of Sino-implant (II) compared with other subdermal implants could improve access to implants in resource-constrained settings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONTRACEPTIVE drug implants KW - LEVONORGESTREL intrauterine contraceptives KW - TREATMENT effectiveness KW - DRUGS -- Side effects KW - MENSTRUATION disorders KW - PREGNANCY KW - SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research) KW - RANDOMIZED controlled trials KW - Jadelle KW - Levonorgestrel-releasing implant KW - Norplant KW - Sino-implant (II) KW - Systematic review N1 - Accession Number: 48137533; Steiner, Markus J. 1; Email Address: msteiner@fhi.org Lopez, Laureen M. 1 Grimes, David A. 1 Cheng, Linan 2 Shelton, Jim 3 Trussell, James 4,5 Farley, Timothy M.M. 6 Dorflinger, Laneta 1; Affiliation: 1: Family Health International, PO Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA 2: Centre for Clinical Research and Training, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR), Shanghai 200032, PR China 3: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 4: Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 5: The Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, HU6 7RX Hull, UK 6: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, CH-12211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 81 Issue 3, p197; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTIVE drug implants; Subject Term: LEVONORGESTREL intrauterine contraceptives; Subject Term: TREATMENT effectiveness; Subject Term: DRUGS -- Side effects; Subject Term: MENSTRUATION disorders; Subject Term: PREGNANCY; Subject Term: SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); Subject Term: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jadelle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Levonorgestrel-releasing implant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Norplant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sino-implant (II); Author-Supplied Keyword: Systematic review; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.10.013 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48137533&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Russell, Diane AU - Asare, Rebecca A. AU - Brosius, J. Peter AU - Witter, Rebecca C. AU - Welch-Devine, Meredith L. AU - Spainhower, Kirsten AU - Barr, Robin T1 - People, Trees, and Parks: Is Agroforestry In or Out? JO - Journal of Sustainable Forestry JF - Journal of Sustainable Forestry Y1 - 2010/03//Mar-Jun2010 VL - 29 IS - 2-4 M3 - Article SP - 451 EP - 476 SN - 10549811 AB - New conservation approaches challenge us to go beyond parks and protected areas to conservation in a matrix of land uses. Promoting the use of trees and woody species in landscapes and on farms is a frequently used but under-studied aspect of this approach. This article synthesizes recent field research at six sites in Africa on agroforestry in and around protected areas. It finds that the complex interactions among people, parks, and trees show that for agroforestry to contribute to conservation and livelihoods, policy, technology, and human rights issues have to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Sustainable Forestry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROTECTED areas KW - PARKS KW - AGROFORESTRY KW - LANDSCAPES KW - TREES KW - AFRICA KW - agroforestry KW - livelihoods KW - parks KW - protected areas N1 - Accession Number: 51417217; Russell, Diane 1; Email Address: dirussell@usaid.gov Asare, Rebecca A. 2 Brosius, J. Peter 3 Witter, Rebecca C. 3 Welch-Devine, Meredith L. 3 Spainhower, Kirsten 4 Barr, Robin 5; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA. 2: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 3: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. 4: World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. 5: Tropical Forest Trust, Portland, OR, USA.; Source Info: Mar-Jun2010, Vol. 29 Issue 2-4, p451; Subject Term: PROTECTED areas; Subject Term: PARKS; Subject Term: AGROFORESTRY; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: TREES; Subject Term: AFRICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: agroforestry; Author-Supplied Keyword: livelihoods; Author-Supplied Keyword: parks; Author-Supplied Keyword: protected areas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424930 Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/10549810903550860 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51417217&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105305988 T1 - The evidence for the role of concurrent partnerships in Africa's HIV epidemics: a response to Lurie and Rosenthal. AU - Mah TL AU - Halperin DT Y1 - 2010/02// N1 - Accession Number: 105305988. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100402. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; response. Original Study: Lurie MN, Rosenthal S. Concurrent partnerships as a driver of the HIV epidemic in Sub-saharan Africa? The evidence is limited. (AIDS BEHAV) Feb2010; 14 (1): 17-24. Commentary: Lurie MN, Rosenthal S. The concurrency hypothesis in Sub-saharan Africa: convincing empirical evidence is still lacking. Response to Mah and Halperin, Epstein, and Morris. (AIDS BEHAV) Feb2010; 14 (1): 34-37. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Evidence-Based Practice. NLM UID: 9712133. KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology -- Africa South of the Sahara KW - HIV Infections -- Risk Factors KW - Sexual Partners KW - Sexuality KW - Africa South of the Sahara KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Medical Practice, Evidence-Based KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Taking Behavior SP - 25 EP - 28 JO - AIDS & Behavior JF - AIDS & Behavior JA - AIDS BEHAV VL - 14 IS - 1 CY - , PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1090-7165 AD - Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA. DO - 10.1007/s10461-009-9617-z UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105305988&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105297182 T1 - Prevalence and correlates of concurrent sexual partnerships among young people in South Africa. AU - Mah TL AU - Mah, Timothy L Y1 - 2010/02// N1 - Accession Number: 105297182. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100416. Revision Date: 20161125. Publication Type: journal article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: R01 HD039788/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 7705941. KW - Sexuality KW - Sexual Partners KW - Adolescence KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Adult KW - Demography KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Male KW - Population Surveillance KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors KW - South Africa KW - Young Adult SP - 105 EP - 108 JO - Sexually Transmitted Diseases JF - Sexually Transmitted Diseases JA - SEX TRANSM DIS VL - 37 IS - 2 CY - Baltimore, Maryland PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AB - Concurrent sexual partnerships are an important behavioral driver of HIV epidemics. This analysis examines the prevalence and correlates of concurrency among young adults in the Cape Metropolitan Area, South Africa. 13% reported concurrency during their last sexual partnership with variability by sex and race. Concurrency was associated with race, knowledge of a partner's infidelity, and other risky sexual behaviors. SN - 0148-5717 AD - Division of Technical Leadership and Research, Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC 20523, USA AD - Division of Technical Leadership and Research, Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC. U2 - PMID: 19823109. DO - 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181bcdf75 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105297182&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-02115-004 AN - 2010-02115-004 AU - Mah, Timothy L. AU - Halperin, Daniel T. T1 - The evidence for the role of concurrent partnerships in Africa’s HIV epidemics: A response to Lurie and Rosenthal. JF - AIDS and Behavior JO - AIDS and Behavior JA - AIDS Behav Y1 - 2010/02// VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 28 CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 1090-7165 SN - 1573-3254 AD - Mah, Timothy L., 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, RRB 5-07.18, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2010-02115-004. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Mah, Timothy L.; Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20100315. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Comment/Reply. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Epidemics; Heterosexuality; Social Issues; Sexual Partners. Classification: Sexual Behavior & Sexual Orientation (2980). Population: Human (10). Location: South Africa. References Available: Y. Page Count: 4. Issue Publication Date: Feb, 2010. Publication History: First Posted Date: Oct 9, 2009. Copyright Statement: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2009. AB - Reply by the current authors to the comments made by Mark N. Lurie & Samantha Rosenthal (see record [rid]2010-02115-003[/rid]) on the original article by Timothy L. Mah & Daniel T. Halperin (see record [rid]2010-02115-002[/rid]). Recently a growing number of HIV prevention programs have begun addressing multiple and concurrent partnerships, especially in the most severe epidemics in Africa. In their Commentary, Lurie and Rosenthal raise some valid concerns noting that the evidence of this link is still not thoroughly demonstrated and requires more research. While the authors agree that HIV epidemics are complex and that prevention efforts should not be based on 'magic bullet' solutions, they maintain that addressing concurrency and the resulting sexual networks is one critical component in the prevention response, particularly in the severe 'hyper-epidemics' of southern and parts of east Africa. While a causal link between concurrency and HIV infection has not been demonstrated definitively the authors believe the totality of the evidence strongly suggests a vital role. Lurie and Rosenthal fail to appreciate the qualitative evidence regarding concurrency and the resulting sexual networks, asserting that '…interviews with the right people in nearly any country would reveal that some people are involved in concurrent relationships…,' and that qualitative findings on concurrency are merely ''interesting cases' which are often not representative.' Although any data, including qualitative, have inherent limitations, the qualitative data indicating that concurrency is a highly normalized behavior in many parts of southern and east Africa is by now rather overwhelming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - sexual partnerships KW - HIV epidemics KW - Africa KW - social issues KW - 2010 KW - Epidemics KW - Heterosexuality KW - Social Issues KW - Sexual Partners KW - 2010 DO - 10.1007/s10461-009-9617-z UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-02115-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - timothy.mah@post.harvard.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nsubuga, Peter AU - Nwanyanwu, Okey AU - Nkengasong, John N. AU - Mukanga, David AU - Trostle, Murray T1 - Strengthening public health surveillance and response using the health systems strengthening agenda in developing countries. JO - BMC Public Health JF - BMC Public Health Y1 - 2010/01/02/Jan2010 Supplement 1 VL - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712458 AB - There is increased interest in strengthening health systems for developing countries. However, at present, there is common uncertainty about how to accomplish this task. Specifically, several nations are faced with an immense challenge of revamping an entire system. To accomplish this, it is essential to first identify the components of the system that require modification. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed health system building blocks, which are now widely recognized as essential components of health systems strengthening. With increased travel and urbanization, the threat of emerging diseases of pandemic potential is increasing alongside endemic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and hepatitis virus infections. At the same time, the epidemiologic patterns are shifting, giving rise to a concurrent increase in disease burden due to non-communicable diseases. These diseases can be addressed by public health surveillance and response systems that are operated by competent public health workers in core public health positions at national and sub-national levels with a focus on disease prevention. We describe two ways that health ministries in developing countries could leverage President Obama's Global Health Initiative (GHI) to build public health surveillance and response systems using proven models for public health systems strengthening and to create the public health workforce to operate those systems. We also offer suggestions for how health ministries could strengthen public health systems within the broad health systems strengthening agenda. Existing programs (e.g., the Global Vaccine Alliance [GAVI] and the Global Fund Against Tuberculosis, AIDS, and Malaria [GFTAM]) can also adapt their current health systems strengthening programs to build sustainable public health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Public Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PUBLIC health surveillance KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases KW - DEVELOPING countries KW - WORLD Health Organization KW - OBAMA, Barack, 1961- N1 - Accession Number: 57234110; Nsubuga, Peter 1; Email Address: pcn0@cdc.gov Nwanyanwu, Okey 2 Nkengasong, John N. 3 Mukanga, David 4 Trostle, Murray 5; Affiliation: 1: Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program and Systems (Africa) Branch, Division of Public Health Systems and Workforce Development, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta GA, USA. 2: Global AIDS Program, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta GA, USA. 3: International Laboratory Branch Global AIDS Program, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta GA, USA. 4: African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda. 5: Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA.; Source Info: Jan2010 Supplement 1, Vol. 10, p1; Subject Term: PUBLIC health surveillance; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; People: OBAMA, Barack, 1961-; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1471-2458-10-S1-S5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57234110&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Waisbord, Silvio AU - Shimp, Lora AU - Ogden, Ellyn W. AU - Morry, Chris T1 - Communication for Polio Eradication: Improving the Quality of Communication Programming Through Real-Time Monitoring and Evaluation. JO - Journal of Health Communication JF - Journal of Health Communication Y1 - 2010/01/02/Jan2010 Supplement 1 VL - 15 M3 - Article SP - 9 EP - 24 SN - 10810730 AB - Communication is a critical component in assuring that children are fully immunized and that simultaneous immunity is attained and maintained across large geographic areas for disease eradication and control initiatives. If service delivery is of good quality and outreach to the population is active, effective communication—through advocacy, social mobilization, and program communication (including behavior change activities and interpersonal communication)—will assist in raising awareness, creating and sustaining demand, preventing or dispelling misinformation and doubts, encouraging acceptance of and participation in vaccination services, more rapid reporting of disease cases and outbreaks, and mobilizing financial resources to support immunization efforts. There is evidence of 12% to 20% or more increases in the absolute level of immunization coverage and 33% to 100% increases in relative coverage compared to baselines when communication is included as a key component of immunization strengthening. This article utilizes evidence from Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and Nigeria to examine how the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has utilized monitoring and evaluation data to focus and improve the quality and impact of communication activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health Communication is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMMUNICATION in medicine KW - INTERNATIONAL cooperation KW - POLIO -- Prevention KW - PUBLIC health surveillance KW - IMMUNIZATION of children KW - SOCIAL advocacy KW - VACCINATION of children KW - PUBLIC health -- Economic aspects N1 - Accession Number: 50319182; Waisbord, Silvio 1 Shimp, Lora 2 Ogden, Ellyn W. 3 Morry, Chris 4; Affiliation: 1: School of Media and Public Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA 2: IMMUNIZATIONbasics Project/John Snow, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, USA 3: Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC, USA 4: The Communication Initiative, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Source Info: Jan2010 Supplement 1, Vol. 15, p9; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL cooperation; Subject Term: POLIO -- Prevention; Subject Term: PUBLIC health surveillance; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION of children; Subject Term: SOCIAL advocacy; Subject Term: VACCINATION of children; Subject Term: PUBLIC health -- Economic aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813311 Human Rights Organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813310 Social advocacy organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813319 Other Social Advocacy Organizations; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/10810731003695375 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50319182&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Komatsu, Ryuichi AU - Korenromp, Eline L. AU - Low-Beer, Daniel AU - Watt, Catherine AU - Dye, Christopher AU - Steketee, Richard W. AU - Nahlen, Bernard L. AU - Lyerla, Rob AU - Garcia-Calleja, Jesus M. AU - Cutler, John AU - Schwartländer, Bernhard T1 - Lives saved by Global Fund-supported HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria programs: estimation approach and results between 2003 and end-2007. JO - BMC Infectious Diseases JF - BMC Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2010/01// VL - 10 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 109 EP - 120 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712334 AB - Background: Since 2003, the Global Fund has supported the scale-up of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria control in low- and middle-income countries. This paper presents and discusses a methodology for estimating the lives saved through selected service deliveries reported to the Global Fund. Methods: Global Fund-supported programs reported, by end-2007, 1.4 million HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral treatment (ARV), 3.3 million new smear-positive tuberculosis cases detected in DOTS (directly observed TB treatment, short course) programs, and 46 million insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) delivered. We estimated the corresponding lives saved using adaptations of existing epidemiological estimation models. Results: By end-2007, an estimated 681,000 lives (95% uncertainty range 619,000-774,000) were saved and 1,097,000 (993,000-1,249,000) life-years gained by ARV. DOTS treatment would have saved 1.63 million lives (1.09 - 2.17 million) when compared against no treatment, or 408,000 lives (265,000-551,000) when compared against non-DOTS treatment. ITN distributions in countries with stable endemic falciparum malaria were estimated to have achieved protection from malaria for 26 million of child-years at risk cumulatively, resulting in 130,000 (27,000-232,000) under-5 deaths prevented. Conclusions: These results illustrate the scale of mortality effects that supported programs may have achieved in recent years, despite margins of uncertainty and covering only selected intervention components. Evidence-based evaluation of disease impact of the programs supported by the Global Fund with international and in-country partners must be strengthened using population-level data on intervention coverage and demographic outcomes, information on quality of services, and trends in disease burdens recorded in national health information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Infectious Diseases is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUBERCULOSIS KW - LUNG diseases KW - MALARIA KW - HIV infections KW - DEVELOPING countries N1 - Accession Number: 51172565; Komatsu, Ryuichi 1; Email Address: ryuichi.komatsu@theglobalfund.org Korenromp, Eline L. 1 Low-Beer, Daniel 1 Watt, Catherine 2 Dye, Christopher 2 Steketee, Richard W. 3 Nahlen, Bernard L. 4 Lyerla, Rob 5 Garcia-Calleja, Jesus M. 6 Cutler, John 1,7 Schwartländer, Bernhard 1,8; Affiliation: 1: Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Chemin Blandonnet 8, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland. 2: World Health Organization, Stop TB Department, Geneva, Switzerland. 3: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, MACEPA, Ferney-Voltaire, France. 4: President's Malaria Initiative, USAID, Washington DC, USA. 5: Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, Policy, Evidence and Partnerships Department, Geneva, Switzerland. 6: World Health Organization, HIV/AIDS Department, Geneva, Switzerland. 7: Health Metric Network Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. 8: Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, China country office, Beijing, China.; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p109; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS; Subject Term: LUNG diseases; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1471-2334-10-109 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51172565&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mukanga, David AU - Namusisi, Olivia AU - Gitta, Sheba N. AU - Pariyo, George AU - Tshimanga, Mufuta AU - Weaver, Angela AU - Trostle, Murray T1 - Field Epidemiology Training Programmes in Africa - Where are the Graduates?. JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health Y1 - 2010/01// VL - 8 M3 - Article SP - 18 EP - 24 SN - 14784491 AB - Background: The current shortage of human resources for health threatens the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. There is currently limited published evidence of health-related training programmes in Africa that have produced graduates, who remain and work in their countries after graduation. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that the majority of graduates of field epidemiology training programmes (FETPs) in Africa stay on to work in their home countries-many as valuable resources to overstretched health systems. Methods: Alumni data from African FETPs were reviewed in order to establish graduate retention. Retention was defined as a graduate staying and working in their home country for at least 3 years after graduation. African FETPs are located in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. However, this paper only includes the Uganda and Zimbabwe FETPs, as all the others are recent programmes. Results: This review shows that enrolment increased over the years, and that there is high graduate retention, with 85.1% (223/261) of graduates working within country of training; most working with Ministries of Health (46.2%; 105/261) and non-governmental organizations (17.5%; 40/261). Retention of graduates with a medical undergraduate degree was higher (Zimbabwe 80% [36/83]; Uganda 90.6% [125/178]) than for those with other undergraduate qualifications (Zimbabwe 71.1% [27/83]; Uganda 87.5% [35/178]). Conclusions: African FETPs have unique features which may explain their high retention of graduates. These include: programme ownership by ministries of health and local universities; well defined career paths; competence-based training coupled with a focus on field practice during training; awarding degrees upon completion; extensive training and research opportunities made available to graduates; and the social capital acquired during training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Human Resources for Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PUBLIC health KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY KW - COLLEGE dropouts -- Prevention KW - OCCUPATIONAL training KW - AFRICA KW - KENYA KW - BURKINA Faso KW - UGANDA N1 - Accession Number: 53426926; Mukanga, David 1; Email Address: dmukanga@afenet.net Namusisi, Olivia 1 Gitta, Sheba N. 1 Pariyo, George 2 Tshimanga, Mufuta 3 Weaver, Angela 4 Trostle, Murray 5; Affiliation: 1: African Field Epidemiology Network, P. O. Box 12874 Kampala, Uganda. 2: Global Health Workforce Alliance, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. 3: Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Zimbabwe. 4: Public Health Institute, United States Agency for International Development Global Health Fellows Program, Washington DC, USA. 5: United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA.; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 8, p18; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: COLLEGE dropouts -- Prevention; Subject Term: OCCUPATIONAL training; Subject Term: AFRICA; Subject Term: KENYA; Subject Term: BURKINA Faso; Subject Term: UGANDA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53426926&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Muller, Anders AU - Almy, Richard AU - Engelschalk, Michael T1 - Real Estate Bubbles and the Economic Crises: The Role of Credit Standards and the Impact of Tax Policy. JO - Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration JF - Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration Y1 - 2010/01// VL - 7 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 17 EP - 40 PB - International Association of Assessing Officers SN - 13571419 AB - This paper was presented at the 12th International Conference, Land Value Capture in Urban Development: Role of Property Tax in Local Finance, held in Warsaw, Poland, June 23 and 24, 2009. The conference was jointly sponsored by the International Property Tax Institute (IPTI) and the Institute of Revenues, Rating, and Valuation (IRRV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration is the property of International Association of Assessing Officers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - REAL estate bubbles KW - HOME prices KW - REAL property -- Sales & prices KW - PROPERTY tax KW - REAL property & taxation KW - MORTGAGE loans KW - URBAN growth KW - LOCAL finance N1 - Accession Number: 49174207; Muller, Anders 1 Almy, Richard 2 Engelschalk, Michael 3; Affiliation: 1: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 3: Climate Advisory Services of the World Bank Group in Berlin, Germany; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p17; Subject Term: REAL estate bubbles; Subject Term: HOME prices; Subject Term: REAL property -- Sales & prices; Subject Term: PROPERTY tax; Subject Term: REAL property & taxation; Subject Term: MORTGAGE loans; Subject Term: URBAN growth; Subject Term: LOCAL finance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237210 Land Subdivision; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522292 Real Estate Credit; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531190 Lessors of Other Real Estate Property; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531210 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49174207&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Talley, Leisel AU - Woodruff, Bradley A. AU - Seal, Andrew AU - Tripp, Kathryn AU - Mselle, Laurent Sadikiel AU - Abdalla, Fathia AU - Bhatia, Rita AU - Mirghani, Zhara T1 - Evaluation of the effectiveness of stainless steel cooking pots in reducing iron-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations. JO - Public Health Nutrition JF - Public Health Nutrition Y1 - 2010/01// VL - 13 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 107 EP - 115 SN - 13689800 AB - Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of stainless steel (Fe alloy) cooking pots in reducing Fe-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations. Design: Repeated cross-sectional surveys. Between December 2001 and January 2003, three surveys among children aged 6-59 months and their mothers were conducted in 110 households randomly selected from each camp. The primary outcomes were changes in Hb concentration and Fe status. Setting: Two long-term refugee camps in western Tanzania. Subjects: Children (6-59 months) and their mothers were surveyed at 0, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Stainless steel pots were distributed to all households in Nduta camp (intervention); households in Mtendeli camp (control) continued to cook with aluminium or clay pots. Results: Among children, there was no change in Hb concentration at 1 year; however, Fe status was lower in the intervention camp than the control camp (serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentration: 6·8 v. 5·9μg/ml; P<0·001). There was no change in Hb concentration among non-pregnant mothers at 1 year. Subjects in the intervention camp had lower Fe status than those in the control camp (sTfR concentration: 5·8 v. 4·7μg/ml; P=0·003). Conclusions: Distribution of stainless steel pots did not increase Hb concentration or improve Fe status in children or their mothers. The use of stainless steel prevents rusting but may not provide sufficient amounts of Fe and strong educational campaigns may be required to maximize use. The distribution of stainless steel pots in refugee contexts is not recommended as a strategy to control Fe deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Public Health Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STAINLESS steel KW - BLOOD diseases KW - BLOOD proteins KW - SURVEYS KW - CLAY pot cooking KW - TANZANIA KW - Anaemia KW - Cooking pots KW - Iron deficiency KW - Refugees KW - Stainless steel N1 - Accession Number: 47080208; Talley, Leisel 1; Email Address: Ltalley@cdc.gov Woodruff, Bradley A. 2 Seal, Andrew 3 Tripp, Kathryn 4 Mselle, Laurent Sadikiel 5 Abdalla, Fathia 6 Bhatia, Rita 7 Mirghani, Zhara 8; Affiliation: 1: International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 2: Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 3: Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK 4: Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 5: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 6: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Laayoune, Western Sahara 7: United Nations World Food Programme, Regional Bureau for Asia, Bangkok, Thailand 8: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Damascus, Syria; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p107; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: BLOOD diseases; Subject Term: BLOOD proteins; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: CLAY pot cooking; Subject Term: TANZANIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anaemia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cooking pots; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron deficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refugees; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stainless steel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1017/S1368980009005254 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47080208&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-23427-003 AN - 2010-23427-003 AU - Elele, Joyce AU - Fields, Dail T1 - Participative decision making and organizational commitment: Comparing Nigerian and American employees. JF - Cross Cultural Management JO - Cross Cultural Management Y1 - 2010/// VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 368 EP - 392 CY - United Kingdom PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited SN - 2059-5794 SN - 2059-5808 N1 - Accession Number: 2010-23427-003. Other Journal Title: Cross Cultural & Strategic Management. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Elele, Joyce; USAID, Abuja, Nigeria. Other Publishers: Emerald Publishing. Release Date: 20101129. Correction Date: 20170306. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Cross Cultural Differences; Decision Making; Employee Attitudes; Organizational Commitment; Public Sector. Classification: Personnel Attitudes & Job Satisfaction (3650). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Nigeria; US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 25. Issue Publication Date: 2010. Copyright Statement: Emerald Group Publishing Limited AB - Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between participation in decision making (PDM) and the organizational commitment of Nigerian and American employees working in the public sector environment. A focal concern of this study is the extent to which cultural differences or similarities between Nigeria and the USA impact this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: The study first examined the measurement equivalence across both American and Nigerian sub-samples for scales assessing levels of PDM and organizational commitment. While the item weights for measures of actual and desired PDM were invariant, the weights for items measuring organizational commitment differed between Nigerians and Americans. These weights were subsequently used to calculate affective, normative, and continuance commitment for the Nigerian and American sub-samples and to test three hypotheses derived from the theoretical implications of cultural differences between Nigerians and Americans. Findings: Taking into account measurement differences, both actual PDM and actual vs desired levels of PDM were related differently to the affective, normative, and continuance commitment of Nigerian employees compared to US employees. For Nigerian employees, both actual levels of participation and actual vs desired participation are related to affective and normative commitment. Neither measure of participation is related to continuance commitment. For Americans, only actual vs desired levels of participation were positively related with affective and normative organizational commitment. Actual levels of participation were negatively related to continuance commitment. Research limitations/implications: Future work should expand the sampling to compare employees working in Nigerian owned and managed organizations with American employees of organizations in similar industries and of comparable size. Practical implications: In addition to its theoretical value, this paper also has substantial practical value. Staff commitment is an organizational outcome variable critical to the success of international development agencies and implementing partners. For example, anti-US sentiment has increased in the recent years up in the Islamic northern sections of Nigeria. Employee organizational commitment is critical in such challenging terrains, as employees who are more committed are more likely to help their organization weather such negative conditions. Originality/value: There have been very few previous studies on how Western management practices such as employee participation play out within the African context and how cultural differences affect the relationships between management practices and employee outcomes in Nigeria. Findings in this study may provide public sector managers in these contexts with an understanding of the possible impact of organizational cultures which include PDM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) KW - participative decision making KW - organizational commitment KW - cross cultural differences KW - public sector employees KW - Nigerian vs American employees KW - 2010 KW - Cross Cultural Differences KW - Decision Making KW - Employee Attitudes KW - Organizational Commitment KW - Public Sector KW - 2010 DO - 10.1108/13527601011086586 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-23427-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jelele@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dutta, Sheetij AU - Sullivan, JoAnn S. AU - Grady, Katharine K. AU - Haynes, J. David AU - Komisar, Jack AU - Batchelor, Adrian H. AU - Soisson, Lorraine AU - Diggs, Carter L. AU - Heppner, D. Gray AU - Lanar, David E. AU - Collins, William E. AU - Barnwell, John W. T1 - High Antibody Titer against Apical Membrane Antigen-1 Is Required to Protect against Malaria in the Aotus Model. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2009/12// VL - 4 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 19326203 AB - A Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain Apical Membrane Antigen-1 (AMA1) vaccine, formulated with AS02A adjuvant, slowed parasite growth in a recent Phase 1/2a trial, however sterile protection was not observed. We tested this AS02A, and a Montanide ISA720 (ISA) formulation of 3D7 AMA1 in Aotus monkeys. The 3D7 parasite does not invade Aotus erythrocytes, hence two heterologous strains, FCH/4 and FVO, were used for challenge, FCH/4 AMA1 being more homologous to 3D7 than FVO AMA1. Following three vaccinations, the monkeys were challenged with 50,000 FCH/4 or 10,000 FVO parasites. Three of the six animals in the AMA+ISA group were protected against FCH/4 challenge. One monkey did not become parasitemic, another showed only a short period of low level parasitemia that self-cured, and a third animal showed a delay before exhibiting its parasitemic phase. This is the first protection shown in primates with a recombinant P. falciparum AMA1 without formulation in Freund's complete adjuvant. No animals in the AMA+AS02A group were protected, but this group exhibited a trend towards reduced growth rate. A second group of monkeys vaccinated with AMA+ISA vaccine was not protected against FVO challenge, suggesting strain-specificity of AMA1-based protection. Protection against FCH/4 strain correlated with the quantity of induced antibodies, as the protected animals were the only ones to have in vitro parasite growth inhibitory activity of >70% at 1:10 serum dilution; immuno-fluorescence titers .8,000; ELISA titers against full-length AMA1 >300,000 and ELISA titer against AMA1 domains1+2 >100,000. A negative correlation between log ELISA titer and day 11 cumulative parasitemia (Spearman rank r =-0.780, p value = 0.0001), further confirmed the relationship between antibody titer and protection. High titers of cross-strain inhibitory antibodies against AMA1 are therefore critical to confer solid protection, and the Aotus model can be used to down-select future AMA1 formulations, prior to advanced human trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PLASMODIUM falciparum KW - MALARIA KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Prevention KW - IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants KW - ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay KW - VACCINATION N1 - Accession Number: 58081210; Dutta, Sheetij 1; Email Address: sheetij.dutta@us.army.mil Sullivan, JoAnn S. 2 Grady, Katharine K. 2 Haynes, J. David 3 Komisar, Jack 3 Batchelor, Adrian H. 1 Soisson, Lorraine 4 Diggs, Carter L. 4 Heppner, D. Gray 3 Lanar, David E. 3 Collins, William E. 2 Barnwell, John W. 2; Email Address: wzb3@cdc.gov; Affiliation: 1: Department of Epitope Mapping, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America 2: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America 3: Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America 4: Malaria Vaccine Development Program, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D. C., United States of America; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 4 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: PLASMODIUM falciparum; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Prevention; Subject Term: IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants; Subject Term: ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay; Subject Term: VACCINATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0008138 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=58081210&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2009-22779-007 AN - 2009-22779-007 AU - George, Asha AU - Menotti, Elaine P. AU - Rivera, Dixmer AU - Montes, Irma AU - Reyes, Carmen María AU - Marsh, David R. T1 - Community case management of childhood illness in Nicaragua: Transforming health systems in underserved rural areas. T3 - Social determinants of children's health, global perspectives JF - Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved JO - Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved JA - J Health Care Poor Underserved Y1 - 2009/11// VL - 20 IS - 4, Suppl SP - 99 EP - 115 CY - US PB - Johns Hopkins University Press SN - 1049-2089 SN - 1548-6869 AD - George, Asha, Community Based Approaches, Policy and Evidence Unit, Health Section, Programme Division, UNICEF, Three UN Plaza H-8, New York, NY, US, 10017 N1 - Accession Number: 2009-22779-007. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: George, Asha; Community Based Approaches, Policy and Evidence Unit, Health Section, Programme Division, UNICEF, New York, NY, US. Release Date: 20100531. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Case Management; Health Care Services; Physical Disorders; Rural Environments; Social Equality. Minor Descriptor: Communities. Classification: Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention (3300). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Nicaragua. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Qualitative Study. Page Count: 17. Issue Publication Date: Nov, 2009. AB - While social factors broadly determine health outcomes, strategic health workforce innovations such as community case management (CCM) can redress social inequalities in access to health care. Community case management enables trained health workers to assess children, diagnose common childhood infections, administer medicines, and monitor life-saving treatment in the poor, remote communities where they reside. This article reports on research that combined focus group discussions and key informant interviews to examine the perceptions of multiple stakeholders, with monitoring data, in order to assess programmatic results, limitations, and lessons learned in implementing CCM in Nicaragua. We found that CCM increases the use of curative services by poor children with pneumonia, diarrhea, or dysentery by five to six-fold over facility-based services. Apart from dramatically increasing geographic access to treatment for underserved groups, our qualitative research suggests that Nicaragua's CCM model also addresses the managerial challenges and social relations that underpin good quality of care, care-giver knowledge and awareness, and community mobilization, all health system-strengthening factors that are central to equitably and effectively improving child health. While our findings are promising, we suggest areas for further operational research to strengthen CCM program learning and functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - community case management KW - childhood illness KW - Nicaragua KW - health systems KW - rural areas KW - 2009 KW - Case Management KW - Health Care Services KW - Physical Disorders KW - Rural Environments KW - Social Equality KW - Communities KW - 2009 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, BASICS, US. Grant: GHA-I-00-04-00002-00. Date: from 2007 to 2008. Other Details: Save the Children's CCM strategy in Nicaragua. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Save the Children. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: UNICEF. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1353/hpu.0.0205 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-22779-007&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ageorge@unicef.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2009-20071-007 AN - 2009-20071-007 AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - 'Concurrency driving the African HIV epidemics: Where is the evidence?': Author's reply. JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2009/10/24/ VL - 374 IS - 9699 SP - 1420 EP - 1421 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Shelton, James D., US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2009-20071-007. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Shelton, James D.; US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20091214. Correction Date: 20150413. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Comment/Reply. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Behavior Change; HIV; Polygamy; Sexual Risk Taking. Minor Descriptor: Countries; Epidemics; Psychosexual Behavior. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). Location: Africa. References Available: Y. Page Count: 2. Issue Publication Date: Oct 24, 2009. AB - Presents the author's reply to comments made by Lurie et al. (see record [rid]2009-20071-006[/rid]), concerning his original article (see record [rid]2009-18377-003[/rid]). Shelton states that he completely agrees with Lurie and colleagues that more research is needed to understand better concurrent sexual partnerships. Their presentation of evidence, however, is rather selective. Actually, the evidence of a pivotal role for concurrent or overlapping partners in generalised heterosexual epidemics is compelling. Moreover, Lurie and colleagues offer no credible alternative explanation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - multiple sexual partners KW - HIV epidemic KW - behavioral change KW - research KW - 2009 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Behavior Change KW - HIV KW - Polygamy KW - Sexual Risk Taking KW - Countries KW - Epidemics KW - Psychosexual Behavior KW - 2009 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61861-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-20071-007&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - JShelton@USAID.GOV DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 103974412 T1 - HIV Self-Testing in Resource-Limited Settings: Regulatory and Policy Considerations. AU - Wong, Vincent AU - Johnson, Cheryl AU - Cowan, Elliot AU - Rosenthal, Matthew AU - Peeling, Rosanna AU - Miralles, Maria AU - Sands, Anita AU - Brown, Charlene Y1 - 2009/10// N1 - Accession Number: 103974412. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140725. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9712133. KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis -- Legislation and Jurisprudence -- Africa South of the Sahara KW - Home Diagnostic Tests KW - Health Policy KW - Africa South of the Sahara KW - World Health Organization KW - United Nations KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Government Regulations SP - 415 EP - 421 JO - AIDS & Behavior JF - AIDS & Behavior JA - AIDS BEHAV VL - 13 IS - 5 CY - , PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 1090-7165 AD - Office of HIV/AIDS, USAID, Washington 20004 USA AD - HIV Department, WHO, Geneva Switzerland AD - Partners in Diagnostics, LLC, Rockville USA AD - USAID Namibia, Windhoek Namibia AD - Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London UK AD - Office of Health Systems, USAID, Washington USA AD - Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, World Health Organization, Geneva Switzerland U2 - PMID: 24957979. DO - 10.1007/s10461-014-0825-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103974412&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kerstens, S.M. AU - van der Steen, N.P. AU - Gijzen, H.J. T1 - The effect of a duckweed cover on sulphide volatilisation from waste stabilisation ponds JO - Ecological Engineering JF - Ecological Engineering Y1 - 2009/10// VL - 35 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1501 EP - 1506 SN - 09258574 AB - Abstract: The effects of a duckweed (DW) cover on the surface of waste stabilisation ponds on sulphide emissions were studied in a laboratory scale set-up of an anaerobic pond-reactor, followed by two algae (A) pond-reactors and two duckweed (Lemna gibba) pond-reactors. The concentrations of various S-components were measured at different depth in the reactors, while sulphide emissions were measured at the surface. Presence of a duckweed cover on the anaerobic pond-reactor resulted in a reduction of 99% in sulphide emission. In algae pond-reactors, sulphide emissions were negligible through chemical and biological conversion of sulphide. In the duckweed pond-reactors, colourless sulphur bacteria (Beggiatoa sp.) were observed on the duckweed roots. Batch tests showed that both micro-biological and possibly chemical oxidation occurred in a typical duckweed pond environment. The duckweed cover reduced H2S volatilisation via two mechanisms, by forming a physical barrier and by providing attachment area for sulphide oxidising bacteria. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Ecological Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DUCKWEEDS KW - SULFIDES KW - ANAEROBIC bacteria KW - VAPORIZATION in water purification KW - PONDS KW - EMISSIONS (Air pollution) KW - ALGAE KW - OXIDATION KW - BIOLOGICAL control of weeds KW - Beggiatoa sp KW - Duckweed KW - Lemna gibba KW - Sulphide KW - Waste stabilisation ponds N1 - Accession Number: 44176817; Kerstens, S.M. 1; Email Address: sjoerd.kerstens@dhv.com van der Steen, N.P. 2; Email Address: p.vandersteen@unesco-ihe.org Gijzen, H.J. 3; Email Address: h.gijzen@unesco.org; Affiliation: 1: DHV, PO box 1132, 3800 BC Amersfoort, The Netherlands 2: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands 3: UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia & Pacific, UNESCO Office, Jakarta, Indonesia; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 35 Issue 10, p1501; Subject Term: DUCKWEEDS; Subject Term: SULFIDES; Subject Term: ANAEROBIC bacteria; Subject Term: VAPORIZATION in water purification; Subject Term: PONDS; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: ALGAE; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL control of weeds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beggiatoa sp; Author-Supplied Keyword: Duckweed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lemna gibba; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulphide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Waste stabilisation ponds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112510 Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112519 Other Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561730 Landscaping Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.06.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44176817&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Obregón, Rafael AU - Chitnis, Ketan AU - Morry, Chris AU - Feek, Warren AU - Bates, Jeffrey AU - Galway, Michael AU - Ogden, Ellyn T1 - Achieving polio eradication: a review of health communication evidence and lessons learned in India and Pakistan. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2009/08// VL - 87 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 624 EP - 630 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Since 1988, the world has come very close to eradicating polio through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, in which communication interventions have played a consistently central role. Mass media and information dissemination approaches used in immunization efforts worldwide have contributed to this success. However, reaching the hardest-to-reach, the poorest, the most marginalized and those without access to health services has been challenging. In the last push to eradicate polio, Polio Eradication Initiative communication strategies have become increasingly research-driven and innovative, particularly through the introduction of sustained interpersonal communication and social mobilization approaches to reach unreached populations. This review examines polio communication efforts in India and Pakistan between the years 2000 and 2007. It shows how epidemiological, social and behavioural data guide communication strategies that have contributed to increased levels of polio immunity, particularly among underserved and hard-to-reach populations. It illustrates how evidence-based and planned communication strategies -- such as sustained media campaigns, intensive community and social mobilization, interpersonal communication and political and national advocacy combined -- have contributed to reducing polio incidence in these countries. Findings show that communication strategies have contributed on several levels by: mobilizing social networks and leaders; creating political will; increasing knowledge; ensuring individual and community-level demand; overcoming gender barriers and resistance to vaccination; and reaching out to the poorest and marginalized populations. The review concludes with observations about the added value of communication strategies in polio eradication efforts and implications for global and local public health communication interventions. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Gracias a los esfuerzos desplegados desde 1988 a través de la Iniciativa de Erradicación Mundial de la Poliomielitis, el mundo está a punto de erradicar esta enfermedad. En esa empresa las intervenciones de comunicación han sido siempre decisivas, y las tácticas de recurso a los medios de difusión y divulgación de información empleadas en las actividades de inmunización en todo el mundo han contribuido a ese éxito. Sin embargo, ha habido dificultades para llegar a las poblaciones más remotas, más pobres y más marginadas y a las personas sin acceso a los servicios de salud. En la última acometida para erradicar la enfermedad, las estrategias de comunicación de la Iniciativa de Erradicación de la Poliomielitis se han visto cada vez más impulsadas por las investigaciones y han tenido un carácter crecientemente innovador, gracias sobre todo a la introducción de mecanismos sostenidos de comunicación interpersonal y movilización social para llegar a las poblaciones que quedaban fuera del alcance. En esta revisión se analizan los esfuerzos de comunicación contra la poliomielitis desplegados en la India y el Pakistán entre 2000 y 2007. Se explica cómo los datos epidemiológicos, sociales y comportamentales orientan las estrategias de comunicación que han contribuido a aumentar los niveles de inmunidad contra esa enfermedad, sobre todo entre poblaciones subatendidas y de difícil acceso, y se describe el proceso por el que unas estrategias de comunicación basadas en la evidencia y planificadas en consecuencia -como una combinación de campañas sostenidas en los medios, una movilización comunitaria y social intensiva, fórmulas de comunicación interpersonal, y medidas políticas y de promoción a nivel nacional- han contribuido a reducir la incidencia de poliomielitis en esos países. Los resultados indican que las estrategias de comunicación han contribuido en distintos niveles a: movilizar a las redes y los líderes sociales; generar voluntad política; ampliar los conocimientos; garantizar la demanda individual y comunitaria; superar las barreras de género y la resistencia a la vacunación; y dar alcance a las poblaciones más pobres y marginadas. El análisis concluye con diversas observaciones sobre el valor añadido de las estrategias de comunicación en las actividades de erradicación de la poliomielitis y sus implicaciones para las intervenciones mundiales y locales de comunicación en materia de salud pública. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Depuis 1988, le monde s'est beaucoup rapproché de l'éradication de la polio grâce à l'Initiative mondiale pour l'éradication de la poliomyélite, dans laquelle les interventions en matière de communication jouent invariablement un rôle central. Les approches utilisant les mass médias pour diffuser des informations appliquées dans le cadre des efforts de vaccination partout dans le monde ont participé à ce succès. Cependant, les personnes les plus difficiles à atteindre, les plus pauvres, les plus marginalisées et celles ne pouvant accéder aux services de santé ont posé de grandes difficultés. Dans cette dernière offensive pour vaincre la polio, les stratégies de communication de l'Initiative mondiale pour l'éradication de la poliomyélite sont de plus en plus innovantes et portées par la recherche, notamment avec l'introduction d'approches de communication interpersonnelle durable et de mobilisation sociale pour atteindre les populations encore non desservies. La revue examine les efforts de communication concernant la polio entrepris en Inde et au Pakistan entre 2000 et 2007. Elle montre comment les données épidémiologiques, sociales et comportementales guident les stratégies de communication contribuant à accroître les niveaux d'immunité contre cette maladie, en particulier parmi les populations non desservies et difficiles à atteindre. Elle illustre la fa&ccecil;on dont des stratégies de communication étayées par des données factuelles et planifiées - telles que les compagnes prolongées utilisant les médias, la mobilisation communautaire et sociale intensive, la communication interpersonnelle et la sensibilisation politique et nationale - ont participé globalement à réduire l'incidence de la polio dans ces pays. Les résultats montrent que les stratégies de communication ont apporté une contribution à plusieurs niveaux en mobilisant les réseaux et les leaders sociaux -- en créant une volonté politique, en élargissant les connaissances -- en garantissant une demande au niveau individuel et communautaire et en permettant de surmonter les obstacles liés à l'appartenance sexuelle et la résistance à la vaccination, ainsi que d'atteindre les populations pauvres et marginalisées. La revue conclut avec des observations sur la valeur ajoutée des stratégies de communication dans le cadre des efforts d'éradication de la polio et sur leurs implications pour les interventions mondiales et locales de communication en santé publique. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLIO KW - VACCINATION KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Prevention KW - COMMUNICATION in medicine KW - INFORMATION dissemination KW - IMMUNIZATION KW - RESEARCH KW - MEDICAL care -- Research KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research KW - DISEASE incidence KW - GENDER inequality KW - SOCIAL aspects KW - INDIA KW - PAKISTAN N1 - Accession Number: 43646135; Obregón, Rafael 1; Email Address: obregon@ohiou.edu Chitnis, Ketan 2 Morry, Chris 3 Feek, Warren 3 Bates, Jeffrey 4 Galway, Michael 5 Ogden, Ellyn 6; Affiliation: 1: School of Media Arts and Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America (USA) 2: United Nations Children's Fund, Bangkok, Thailand 3: The Communication Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada 4: Polio/EPI Program, United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY, USA 5: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA 6: Worldwide Polio Eradication, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 87 Issue 8, p624; Subject Term: POLIO; Subject Term: VACCINATION; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Prevention; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: INFORMATION dissemination; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Research; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: DISEASE incidence; Subject Term: GENDER inequality; Subject Term: SOCIAL aspects; Subject Term: INDIA; Subject Term: PAKISTAN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43646135&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105397353 T1 - Why multiple sexual partners? AU - Shelton JD Y1 - 2009/08//8/1/2009 N1 - Accession Number: 105397353. Language: English. Entry Date: 20091002. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Health Promotion -- Administration KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Sexual Partners KW - Sexuality KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral -- Epidemiology KW - Africa KW - Culture KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Income KW - Male KW - Risk Taking Behavior KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral -- Prevention and Control SP - 367 EP - 369 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 374 North American Edition IS - 9687 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Heath, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. JShelton@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 19647597. DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61399-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105397353&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2009-18377-003 AN - 2009-18377-003 AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Why multiple sexual partners? JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2009/08/01/ VL - 374 IS - 9687 SP - 367 EP - 369 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Shelton, James D., Bureau for Global Heath, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2009-18377-003. PMID: 19647597 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Shelton, James D.; Bureau for Global Heath, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20091207. Correction Date: 20150413. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Behavior Change; HIV; Polygamy; Sexual Risk Taking. Minor Descriptor: Countries; Epidemics; Psychosexual Behavior. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). Location: Africa. References Available: Y. Page Count: 3. Issue Publication Date: Aug 1, 2009. AB - Multiple sexual partnerships—particularly overlapping or concurrent partnerships—by both men and women lie at the root of the generalised epidemic of HIV in southern and eastern Africa. Understanding why people have multiple partnerships is key to efforts to change behaviour, with the realisation that behaviours range from polygamy itself, to longer-term quasi-polygamy (sometimes described as having a 'small house'), to sporadic sexual encounters. What is the best way to address multiple sexual partnerships? For too long, any such efforts have been uncoordinated, too indirect, too diluted by other messages, and have failed to address sexual networks head on. What is needed are high-quality multilevel (mass media, community, clinical setting, individual) approaches to reinforce behavioural change on the basis of sound intensive research with the audience. Fortunately, serious efforts are now beginning. Empirically, in some countries many people have reduced partners even in the absence of state-of-the-art programmes for behavioural change, but it is too early to tell if these new campaigns will be successful. Yet in concert with promotion of male circumcision and use of condoms, especially for high-risk sex, it appears we are finally embarking on the right road to prevent hyperepidemic HIV transmission. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - multiple sexual partners KW - HIV epidemic KW - behavioral change KW - research KW - 2009 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Behavior Change KW - HIV KW - Polygamy KW - Sexual Risk Taking KW - Countries KW - Epidemics KW - Psychosexual Behavior KW - 2009 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61399-4 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-18377-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - JShelton@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hope Sr., Kempe Ronald T1 - Capacity Development for Good Governance in Developing Countries: Some Lessons from the Field. JO - International Journal of Public Administration JF - International Journal of Public Administration Y1 - 2009/07// VL - 32 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 728 EP - 740 SN - 01900692 AB - Good governance is essential for sustaining economic transformation in developing countries. However, many developing countries currently lack the capacity, as opposed to the will, to both achieve and sustain a climate of good governance. This article addresses, from a practitioner's field perspective, the fundamental objectives, principles, and key areas that need to be addressed for developing capacity for good governance. These frameworks are now beginning to be recognized as both governments and donor institutions attempt to take advantage of the current demand and opportunities for addressing governance deficits. In pursuing capacity development for good governance, developing countries must ensure that such initiatives are comprehensively designed to be simultaneously related to change and transformation at the individual, institutional, and societal levels and be owned and controlled locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Public Administration is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SUSTAINABLE development KW - CHARITABLE uses, trusts, & foundations (Law) KW - CHANGE KW - ECONOMICS KW - DEVELOPING countries KW - GOAL (Psychology) KW - PRINCIPLE (Philosophy) KW - capacity development KW - developing countries KW - good governance KW - sustainable development N1 - Accession Number: 43099291; Hope Sr., Kempe Ronald 1; Email Address: hopekr@linuxmail.org; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Liberia; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 32 Issue 8, p728; Thesaurus Term: SUSTAINABLE development; Thesaurus Term: CHARITABLE uses, trusts, & foundations (Law); Thesaurus Term: CHANGE; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Subject Term: GOAL (Psychology); Subject Term: PRINCIPLE (Philosophy); Author-Supplied Keyword: capacity development; Author-Supplied Keyword: developing countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: good governance; Author-Supplied Keyword: sustainable development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813319 Other Social Advocacy Organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813211 Grantmaking Foundations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/01900690902908562 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=43099291&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN AU - Migliori, Giovanni Battista AU - Sotgiu, Giovanni AU - Lange, Christoph AU - Macgregor-Skinner, Gavin T1 - Defining priorities: swine-origin H1N1 and the MDR-TB epidemic. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2009/06/20/ VL - 373 IS - 9681 M3 - Letter SP - 2108 EP - 2108 SN - 00995355 AB - A letter to the editor is presented about the emergence of a novel H1N1 influenza virus and its worldwide prevalence. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - INFLUENZA viruses N1 - Accession Number: 42223661; Migliori, Giovanni Battista 1; Email Address: giovannibattista.migliori@fsm.it Sotgiu, Giovanni 2 Lange, Christoph 3 Macgregor-Skinner, Gavin 4; Affiliation: 1: Foundazione S. Maugeri, Tradate, Varese 11049, Italy 2: University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy 3: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Bosrstel, Germany 4: USAID, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2009, Vol. 373 Issue 9681, p2108; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: INFLUENZA viruses; Number of Pages: 3/5p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=42223661&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Adetunji, Jacob T1 - Spousal violence and spontaneous fetal loss. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2009/05/02/ VL - 373 IS - 9674 M3 - Letter SP - 1520 EP - 1520 SN - 00995355 AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Spousal Violence And Potentially Preventable Single And Recurrent Spontaneous Fetal Loss in an African Setting" by A. P. Alio, P. N. Nana and H. M. Salihu in the January 24, 2009 issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - FAMILY violence N1 - Accession Number: 38911557; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: JShelton@USAID.gov Adetunji, Jacob 1; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development (USAID), 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 5/2/2009, Vol. 373 Issue 9674, p1520; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: FAMILY violence; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38911557&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105537381 T1 - Integrating quality postnatal care into PMTCT in Swaziland...prevention of mother-to-child transmission AU - Mazia G AU - Narayanan I AU - Warren C AU - Mahdi M AU - Chibuye P AU - Walligo A AU - Mabuza P AU - Shongwe R AU - Hainsworth M Y1 - 2009/05// N1 - Accession Number: 105537381. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090731. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Europe; Public Health; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Obstetric Care; Pediatric Care; Public Health. Grant Information: Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development (contract GHA-I-00-04-00002-00). NLM UID: 101256323. KW - Child Health Services -- Administration -- Swaziland KW - Disease Transmission, Vertical -- Prevention and Control KW - HIV Infections -- In Pregnancy KW - Infant Death -- Prevention and Control KW - Maternal Health Services -- Administration -- Swaziland KW - Maternal Mortality -- Prevention and Control KW - Perinatal Death -- Prevention and Control KW - Postnatal Care -- Administration KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - After Care KW - Chi Square Test KW - Cross Sectional Studies KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Female KW - Funding Source KW - Interviews KW - Maternal-Child Care KW - Maternal-Child Health KW - Pregnancy KW - Pretest-Posttest Design KW - Quasi-Experimental Studies KW - Questionnaires KW - Sample Size KW - Staff Development KW - Swaziland KW - Time Factors KW - Human SP - 253 EP - 270 JO - Global Public Health JF - Global Public Health JA - GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 4 IS - 3 CY - Oxfordshire, PB - Routledge SN - 1744-1692 AD - The United States Agency for International Development Basic Support for Institutionalising Child Survival Project (USAID/BASICS), Arlington, VA, USA U2 - PMID: 19437214. DO - 10.1080/17441690902769669 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105537381&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liebe, Jens R. AU - van de Giesen, Nick AU - Andreini, Marc S. AU - Steenhuis, Tammo S. AU - Walter, M. Todd T1 - Suitability and Limitations of ENVISAT ASAR for Monitoring Small Reservoirs in a Semiarid Area. JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing Y1 - 2009/05// VL - 47 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1536 EP - 1547 SN - 01962892 AB - In semiarid regions, thousands of small reservoirs provide the rural population with water, but their storage volumes and hydrological impact are largely unknown. This paper analyzes the suitability of weather-independent radar satellite images for monitoring small reservoir surfaces. The surface areas of three reservoirs were extracted from 21 of 22 ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar scenes, acquired bimonthly from June 2005 to August 2006. The reservoir surface areas were determined with a quasi-manual classification approach, as stringent classification rules often failed due to the spatial and temporal variability of the backscatter from the water. The land—water contrast is critical for the detection of water bodies. Additionally, wind has a significant impact on the classification results and affects the water surface and the backscattered radar signal (Bragg scattering) above a wind speed threshold of 2.6 m · s-1. The analysis of 15 months of wind speed data shows that, on 96% of the days, wind speeds were below the Bragg scattering criterion at the time of night time acquisitions, as opposed to 50% during the morning acquisition time. Night time acquisitions are strongly advisable over day time acquisitions due to lower wind interference. Over the year, radar images are most affected by wind during the onset of the rainy season (May and June). We conclude that radar and optical systems are complimentary. Radar is suitable during the rainy season but is affected by wind and lack of vegetation context during the dry season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ARID regions KW - REMOTE-sensing images KW - SYNTHETIC aperture radar KW - IMAGING systems KW - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing KW - ARTIFICIAL satellites in geographical research KW - SATELLITE meteorology KW - Bragg scattering KW - radar KW - remote sensing KW - reservoirs KW - resource management KW - water KW - water resources KW - West Africa N1 - Accession Number: 39362822; Liebe, Jens R. 1; Email Address: jliebe@uni-bonn.de van de Giesen, Nick 2; Email Address: n.c.vandegiesen@tudelft.nl Andreini, Marc S. 3,4; Email Address: m.andreini@cgiar.org Steenhuis, Tammo S. 5; Email Address: tss1@cornell.edu Walter, M. Todd 5,6; Email Address: mtw5@cornell.edu; Affiliation: 1: Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, 53 113 Bonn, Germany. 2: Water Resources Section, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands. 3: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Washington, DC 20523-1000 USA. 4: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC 20523-1000 USA. 5: Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701 USA. 6: University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p1536; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC aperture radar; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in geographical research; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bragg scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: reservoirs; Author-Supplied Keyword: resource management; Author-Supplied Keyword: water; Author-Supplied Keyword: water resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: West Africa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39362822&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2009-11143-002 AN - 2009-11143-002 AU - Mazia, G. AU - Narayanan, I. AU - Warren, C. AU - Mahdi, M. AU - Chibuye, P. AU - Walligo, A. AU - Mabuza, P. AU - Shongwe, R. AU - Hainsworth, M. T1 - Integrating quality postnatal care into PMTCT in Swaziland. JF - Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice JO - Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice JA - Glob Public Health Y1 - 2009/05// VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 253 EP - 270 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1744-1692 SN - 1744-1706 N1 - Accession Number: 2009-11143-002. PMID: 19437214 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Mazia, G.; United States Agency for International Development Basic Support for Institutionalising Child Survival Project, Arlington, VA, US. Release Date: 20100201. Correction Date: 20100322. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; AIDS Prevention; Disease Transmission; Health Care Services; Postnatal Period. Minor Descriptor: HIV; Mothers. Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Swaziland. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340). Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 18. Issue Publication Date: May, 2009. Publication History: Revised Date: Jan 7, 2009; First Submitted Date: Jun 30, 2008. Copyright Statement: Taylor & Francis. 2009. AB - Swaziland’s prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme is linked to maternal and newborn health (MNH) services, but is mainly focused on HIV/AIDS. Existing MNH services are inadequate, especially postnatal care (PNC) of mothers and babies, with delayed postnatal visits occurring at 4-6 weeks after delivery. Fifty-seven percent of staff in seven Swazi health facilities were trained in promoting and providing early PNC. A final evaluation showed a 20-fold increase in the number of visits coming for an early postnatal visit (within the first three days after birth). A direct observation of the client-provider interaction showed a significant increase in the competence of the health workers related to postnatal examinations, and care of mothers and babies (p < 0.05-<0.01). The percentage of women breastfeeding within one hour of delivery increased by 41% in HIV-positive mothers and 52% in HIV-negative mothers. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-exposed infants increased by 24%. Although, health workers were observed providing counseling, maternal recall of messages was deficient, suggesting the need for additional strategies for promoting healthy behaviors. High-quality integrated PMTCT programmes and MNH postnatal services are feasible and acceptable, and can result in promoting early postnatal visits and improved care of both HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers and their babies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - quality postnatal care KW - prevention of mother-to-child transmission program KW - Swaziland KW - maternal health services KW - newborn health services KW - AIDS KW - 2009 KW - AIDS KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Disease Transmission KW - Health Care Services KW - Postnatal Period KW - HIV KW - Mothers KW - 2009 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated U1 - Sponsor: Regional HIV and AIDS Programme (RHAP). Other Details: Notably Lily Kak and Karen Heckert. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1080/17441690902769669 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-11143-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - gmazia@basics.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koblinsky, Marge AU - Kureshy, Nazo T1 - Safe Motherhood Case Studies: Learning with Stakeholders in South Asia--An Introduction. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2009/04// VL - 27 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 89 EP - 92 PB - BioMed Central SN - 16060997 AB - The article focuses on safe motherhood in South Asia. In 1987, a resolution was reached by the international community to reduce the number of maternal mortality worldwide. Quality intrapartum care was the recommended strategy of an article published in "Lancet" for maternal mortality reduction. Some of the major challenges faced by countries in reducing maternal mortality include the lack of available skilled care at birth and referral support. KW - MOTHERHOOD KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - POSTNATAL care KW - MEDICAL care -- Quality control KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - SOUTH Asia N1 - Accession Number: 42743004; Koblinsky, Marge 1; Email Address: marge_koblinsky@jsi.com Kureshy, Nazo 2; Affiliation: 1: John Snow Inc., 1616 Ft Myer Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22205, USA 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p89; Subject Term: MOTHERHOOD; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: POSTNATAL care; Subject Term: MEDICAL care -- Quality control; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: SOUTH Asia; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=42743004&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jafarey, Sadiqua N. AU - Rizvi, Talat AU - Koblinsky, Marge AU - Kureshy, Nazo T1 - Verbal Autopsy of Maternal Deaths in Two Districts of Pakistan--Filling Information Gaps. JO - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition Y1 - 2009/04// VL - 27 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 170 EP - 183 PB - BioMed Central SN - 16060997 AB - In Pakistan, the vital registration system is weak, and population-based data on the maternal mortality ratio are limited. This study was carried out to collect information on maternal deaths from different existing sources during the current year--2007 (prospective) and the past two years--2005 and 2006--(retrospective), identify gaps in information, and critically analyze maternal deaths at the community and health-facility levels in two districts in Pakistan. The verbal autopsy questionnaire was administered to households where a maternal death had occurred. No single source had complete data on maternal deaths. Risk factors identified among 128 deceased women were low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, low-earning jobs, parity, and bad obstetric history. These were similar to the findings of earlier studies. Half of the women did seek antenatal care, 34% having made more than four visits. Of the 104 women who died during or after delivery, 38% had delivered in a private facility and 18% in a government facility. The quality of services in both private and public sectors was inadequate. Sixty-nine percent of deaths occurred in the postpartum period, and 51% took place within 24 hours of delivery. The study identified gaps in reporting of maternal deaths and also provided profile of the dead women and the causes of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AUTOPSY KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - KNOWLEDGE gap theory (Communication) KW - DEATH -- Proof & certification KW - PRENATAL care KW - PUERPERIUM KW - DEATH -- Causes KW - PAKISTAN KW - Causes of death KW - Maternal mortality KW - Pakistan KW - Risk factors KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Verbal autopsy N1 - Accession Number: 42743005; Jafarey, Sadiqua N. 1,2; Email Address: ncmnh@cyber.net.pk Rizvi, Talat 1 Koblinsky, Marge 3 Kureshy, Nazo 4; Affiliation: 1: National Committee for Maternal and Neonatal Health, 36C, 14th Street, Khayaban-Shamsheer, Phase 5, DHA, Karachi, Pakistan 2: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan 3: John Snow Inc., 1616 Ft Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22205, USA 4: Child Survival and Health Grants Program, United States Agency for International Development, Ronald Regan Building, 1300 Pennsylvania, NW, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p170; Subject Term: AUTOPSY; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE gap theory (Communication); Subject Term: DEATH -- Proof & certification; Subject Term: PRENATAL care; Subject Term: PUERPERIUM; Subject Term: DEATH -- Causes; Subject Term: PAKISTAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Causes of death; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pakistan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Risk factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Socioeconomic factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Verbal autopsy; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=42743005&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Ruark, Allison AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Halperin, Daniel T. AU - Wawer, Maria J. AU - Gray, Ronald H. T1 - Universal voluntary HIV testing and immediate antiretroviral therapy. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2009/03/28/ VL - 373 IS - 9669 M3 - Letter SP - 1078 EP - 1078 SN - 00995355 AB - The article presents a letter to the editor discussing the article "Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model," by RM Granich, CF Gilks, C. Dye, KM De Cock, and BG Williams published in the journal on January 3, 2009. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - PREVENTION KW - ANTIVIRAL agents N1 - Accession Number: 37258662; Ruark, Allison 1; Email Address: allisonruark@gmail.com Shelton, James D. 2 Halperin, Daniel T. 3 Wawer, Maria J. 4 Gray, Ronald H. 4; Affiliation: 1: Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development. Washinaton. DC. USA 3: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 4: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Source Info: 3/28/2009, Vol. 373 Issue 9669, p1078; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: ANTIVIRAL agents; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37258662&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2010-09520-012 AN - 2010-09520-012 AU - Penh, Borany T1 - New convergences in poverty reduction, conflict, and state fragility: What business should know. JF - Journal of Business Ethics JO - Journal of Business Ethics JA - J Bus Ethics Y1 - 2009/03// VL - 89 IS - Suppl 4 SP - 515 EP - 528 CY - Germany PB - Springer SN - 0167-4544 SN - 1573-0697 AD - Penh, Borany N1 - Accession Number: 2010-09520-012. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Penh, Borany; Office of Poverty Reduction, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20100719. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Conference Information: Peace through Commerce Conference, Nov, 2008. Conference Note: This article is based on a working paper prepared in conjunction with at the aforementioned conference and draws on the USAID 2006 Conference on Poverty Reduction in Conflict and Fragile States: Perspectives from the Household Level. Major Descriptor: Business; Conflict; Poverty. Minor Descriptor: Morality. Classification: Industrial & Organizational Psychology (3600). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). References Available: Y. Page Count: 14. Issue Publication Date: Mar, 2009. Copyright Statement: Springer. 2010. AB - A common moral imperative to reduce human suffering in developing countries has helped to bring the international poverty reduction and conflict mitigation agendas together. But while research and practice are well established in the fields of poverty and conflict, the nexus between these two fields at the theoretical and practical levels is largely nascent. Lack of a shared body of knowledge has arguably impeded the ability of these communities to work together toward the overlapping goals of reducing poverty and conflict in countries affected by violence and instability. Business, as a key sector of the international community, could potentially make significant contributions to the joint agenda if it were better integrated in efforts to develop the nexus. This article surveys the current states-of-knowledge in the fields of poverty and conflict, including the increasing influence of the fragile states theory. It then discusses some of the major schools of thought helping to bring poverty reduction efforts into alliance with conflict mitigation efforts. The third section identifies important conceptual convergences and divergences between the fields and reconsiders the prominent assumption that economic opportunity can be a powerful incentive for peace and stability. Finally, this article discusses potential areas that could advance the nexus of poverty and conflict at both a theoretical and practical level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - poverty reduction KW - conflict KW - fragility KW - business KW - morality KW - 2009 KW - Business KW - Conflict KW - Poverty KW - Morality KW - 2009 DO - 10.1007/s10551-010-0404-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-09520-012&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - bpenh@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grabowski, Jonathan H. AU - Gaudette, Julien AU - Clesceri, Erika J. AU - Yund, Philip O. T1 - The role of food limitation in lobster population dynamics in coastal Maine, United States, and New Brunswick, Canada. JO - New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research JF - New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research Y1 - 2009/02// VL - 43 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 185 EP - 193 SN - 00288330 AB - The article focuses on the findings of a study concerning the importance of food limitation in lobster population dynamics in Maine and New Brunswick. Researchers investigated the outcome of using herring bait in the eastern portions of the Gulf of Maine wherein they found that it is subsidising the lobster populations. The study noted that examination of the diet of lobsters showed several differences between open and close sites that did not exists at sites in mid-coast Maine. Moreover, the study suggested that bottom-up forcing can have important consequences for lobster population dynamics and productivity of lobster fisheries. KW - LOBSTER fisheries KW - FEEDING behavior in animals KW - ATLANTIC herring fisheries KW - ANIMALS -- Population biology KW - POPULATION biology KW - FISHERIES -- Catch effort KW - NEW Brunswick KW - MAINE KW - American lobster KW - Clupea harengus KW - ecosystem management KW - fisheries ecology KW - herring bait KW - Homarus americanus N1 - Accession Number: 37168600; Grabowski, Jonathan H. 1; Email Address: jgrabowski@gmri.org Gaudette, Julien 1 Clesceri, Erika J. 2 Yund, Philip O. 3; Affiliation: 1: Gulf of Maine Research Institute 350 Commercial St. Portland, Maine 04101, United States 2: Bureau of Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance U.S. Agency for International Development 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, NW Washington, DC 20523, United States 3: University of Maine School of Marine Sciences Darling Marine Center 193 Clarks Cove Road Walpole, Maine 04573, United States; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p185; Subject Term: LOBSTER fisheries; Subject Term: FEEDING behavior in animals; Subject Term: ATLANTIC herring fisheries; Subject Term: ANIMALS -- Population biology; Subject Term: POPULATION biology; Subject Term: FISHERIES -- Catch effort; Subject Term: NEW Brunswick; Subject Term: MAINE; Author-Supplied Keyword: American lobster; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clupea harengus; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem management; Author-Supplied Keyword: fisheries ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: herring bait; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homarus americanus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311119 Other Animal Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114112 Shellfish Fishing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37168600&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, Holly Ann AU - Vincent-Mark, Arlene AU - Herrera, Yenni AU - Chang, O. Jaime T1 - A retrospective analysis of the change in anti-malarial treatment policy: Peru. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2009/01// VL - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: National malaria control programmes must deal with the complex process of changing national malaria treatment guidelines, often without guidance on the process of change. Selecting a replacement drug is only one issue in this process. There is a paucity of literature describing successful malaria treatment policy changes to help guide control programs through this process. Objectives: To understand the wider context in which national malaria treatment guidelines were formulated in a specific country (Peru). Methods: Using qualitative methods (individual and focus group interviews, stakeholder analysis and a review of documents), a retrospective analysis of the process of change in Peru's anti-malarial treatment policy from the early 1990's to 2003 was completed. Results: The decision to change Peru's policies resulted from increasing levels of anti-malarial drug resistance, as well as complaints from providers that the drugs were no longer working. The context of the change occurred in a time in which Peru was changing national governments, which created extreme challenges in moving the change process forward. Peru utilized a number of key strategies successfully to ensure that policy change would occur. This included a) having the process directed by a group who shared a common interest in malaria and who had long-established social and professional networks among themselves, b) engaging in collaborative teamwork among nationals and between nationals and international collaborators, c) respect for and inclusion of district-level staff in all phases of the process, d) reliance on high levels of technical and scientific knowledge, e) use of standardized protocols to collect data, and f) transparency. Conclusion: Although not perfectly or fully implemented by 2003, the change in malaria treatment policy in Peru occurred very quickly, as compared to other countries. They identified a problem, collected the data necessary to justify the change, utilized political will to their favor, approved the policy, and moved to improve malaria control in their country. As such, they offer an excellent example for other countries as they contemplate or embark on policy changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MEDICAL policy KW - DRUG resistance KW - MALARIA KW - PROTOZOAN diseases KW - MEDICAL care KW - TREATMENT N1 - Accession Number: 42094351; Williams, Holly Ann 1,2; Email Address: hbw2@cdc.gov Vincent-Mark, Arlene 2,3; Email Address: Arlene.VincentMark@cdc.hhs.gov Herrera, Yenni 4; Email Address: yherrerah@minsa.gob.pe Chang, O. Jaime 5; Email Address: jachang@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mail Stop F-60, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA 2: International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mail Stop F-60, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA 3: Division of Injury Response, CDC, USA 4: Ministerio du Salud, Jesús Maria Lima, Peru 5: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Surco, Lima, Peru; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 8, p1; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: DRUG resistance; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: PROTOZOAN diseases; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: TREATMENT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-8-85 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=42094351&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - CHAP ID - 2009-20654-001 AN - 2009-20654-001 AU - Smith, Lane L. AU - Smith, Kamala F. AU - Planje, Elizabeth ED - Malley-Morrison, Kathleen ED - Malley-Morrison, Kathleen, (Ed) T1 - Afghanistan. T2 - State violence and the right to peace: An international survey of the views of ordinary people, Vol 4: Asia and Australia. Y1 - 2009/// SP - 3 EP - 19 CY - Westport, CT PB - Praeger Security International SN - 978-0-275-99657-4 N1 - Accession Number: 2009-20654-001. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Smith, Lane L.; United States Agency for International Development, Kabul, Afghanistan. Release Date: 20091207. Publication Type: Book (0200), Edited Book (0280). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Chapter. ISBN: 978-0-275-99657-4, Hardcover. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Adult Attitudes; Government Policy Making; Human Rights; Peace; War. Minor Descriptor: Aggressive Behavior; Asians; Conflict Resolution; Terrorism; Torture. Classification: Social Processes & Social Issues (2900). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Afghanistan. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS). Tests & Measures: Personal and Institutional Rights to Aggression and Peace Survey. Methodology: Empirical Study; Qualitative Study. Page Count: 17. AB - In this chapter Afghan participants discussed their views on governmental aggression and peace, war, torture, terrorism, government rights to aggression, individual rights to peace and protest, and reconciliation. With such a small sample and a country filled with such ethnic, religious, and political diversity, it is hard to generalize from the perspectives presented in this chapter. This sample is predominately young, well-educated, and economically and socially privileged, compared to the typical uneducated villager or provincial Afghan. The values expressed could be fairly characterized as somewhat more idealistic than those held by the typical Afghan struggling to feed and educate his family during a time of enormous turmoil. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - Afghans KW - government aggression KW - peace KW - war KW - torture KW - terrorism KW - individual rights to peace & protest KW - reconciliation KW - views KW - 2009 KW - Adult Attitudes KW - Government Policy Making KW - Human Rights KW - Peace KW - War KW - Aggressive Behavior KW - Asians KW - Conflict Resolution KW - Terrorism KW - Torture KW - 2009 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-20654-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - NEWS AU - Chhibber, Ajay T1 - Can Asia Emerge Stronger? JO - Far Eastern Economic Review JF - Far Eastern Economic Review Y1 - 2008/12// VL - 171 IS - 10 M3 - Editorial SP - 45 EP - 48 SN - 00147591 AB - The article presents a commentary on the financial crises in Asia. According to the author, Asian economies of countries such as Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, are being negatively impacted by such crises despite sturdy macroeconomic fundamentals and sound banks and corporations. The author also assesses if Asia will be able to emerge stronger given the economic bubbles. KW - FINANCIAL crises KW - ECONOMIC bubbles KW - MACROECONOMICS KW - ECONOMICS KW - ASIA -- Politics & government KW - ASIA N1 - Accession Number: 35875031; Chhibber, Ajay 1; Affiliations: 1: UNDP Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, and U.N.; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 171 Issue 10, p45; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL crises; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC bubbles; Thesaurus Term: MACROECONOMICS; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS; Subject Term: ASIA -- Politics & government; Subject: ASIA; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Editorial UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=35875031&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bass, Judith K. AU - Ryder, Robert W. AU - Lammers, Marie-Christine AU - Mukaba, Thibaut N. AU - Bolton, Paul A. T1 - Post-partum depression in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: Validation of a concept using a mixed-methods cross-cultural approach. JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health Y1 - 2008/12// VL - 13 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1534 EP - 1542 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13602276 AB - Objective To determine if a post-partum depression syndrome exists among mothers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, by adapting and validating standard screening instruments. Methods Using qualitative interviewing techniques, we interviewed a convenience sample of 80 women living in a large peri-urban community to better understand local conceptions of mental illness. We used this information to adapt two standard depression screeners, the Edinburgh Post-partum Depression Scale and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. In a subsequent quantitative study, we identified another 133 women with and without the local depression syndrome and used this information to validate the adapted screening instruments. Results Based on the qualitative data, we found a local syndrome that closely approximates the Western model of major depressive disorder. The women we interviewed, representative of the local populace, considered this an important syndrome among new mothers because it negatively affects women and their young children. Women ( n = 41) identified as suffering from this syndrome had statistically significantly higher depression severity scores on both adapted screeners than women identified as not having this syndrome ( n = 20; P < 0.0001). Conclusions When it is unclear or unknown if Western models of psychopathology are appropriate for use in the local context, these models must be validated to ensure cross-cultural applicability. Using a mixed-methods approach we found a local syndrome similar to depression and validated instruments to screen for this disorder. As the importance of compromised mental health in developing world populations becomes recognized, the methods described in this report will be useful more widely. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo: Determinar si el síndrome de depresión postparto existe entre madres de Kinshasa, República Democrática del Congo, adaptando y validando instrumentos estándares de tamizaje. Métodos: Utilizando técnicas de entrevista cualitativa, hemos entrevistado una muestra de 80 mujeres que vivían en una gran comunidad peri-urbana, con el fin de entender mejor las concepciones locales sobre la enfermedad mental. Utilizamos esta información para adaptar dos instrumentos estándar para medir la depresión:, la escala de depresión postparto de Edinburgh (EDPE) y la lista de síntomas de Hopkins (LSH). En un estudio cuantitativo posterior, identificamos otras 133 mujeres con y sin síndrome local de depresión y utilizamos esta información para validar los instrumentos adaptados de tamizaje. Resultados: Basándonos en los datos cualitativos, encontramos un síndrome local que se aproxima mucho al modelo occidental DSM-IV de desorden depresivo mayor. Las mujeres que entrevistamos, representativas de la población local, consideraban que este era un síndrome importante entre madres primerizas puesto que afectaba negativamente a las mujeres y a sus bebes. Las mujeres (n = 41) identificadas como padeciendo este síndrome tenían unos puntajes de severidad de depresión significativamente más altos, con ambos instrumentos, que las mujeres identificadas como no teniendo el síndrome (n = 20; p<.0001). Conclusiones: Cuando no está claro o no se conoce si los modelos occidentales de psicopatología son apropiados para su uso en un contexto local, estos modelos deben validarse para asegurar una aplicación multicultural. Utilizando un enfoque con metodología mixta, hemos encontrado un síndrome local similar a la depresión y hemos validado instrumentos para realizar un tamizaje para este desorden. A medida que se vaya reconociendo la importancia que en el mundo en vías de desarrollo tiene una salud mental comprometida, los métodos descritos en este artículo serán más ampliamente utilizados. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif: Déterminer si un syndrome de dépression post-partum existe chez les mères à Kinshasa, République démocratique du Congo, par l’adaptation et la validation d’instruments de dépistage standards. Méthodes: En utilisant les techniques qualitatives d’interview, nous avons interrogé un échantillon convenable de 80 femmes vivant dans une large communauté périurbaine afin de mieux comprendre les conceptions locales de la maladie mentale. Nous avons utilisé ces informations pour adapter deux évaluateurs standards de la dépression: l’échelle de dépression post-partum d’Edimbourg (EPDS) et la liste d’Hopkins de vérification des symptômes (HSCL). Dans une étude quantitative subséquente, nous avons identifié 133 autres femmes avec ou sans syndrome de dépression et avons utilisé cette information pour valider les instruments adaptés pour le dépistage. Résultats: Sur base des données qualitatives, nous avons trouvé un syndrome local très proche du modèle occidental DSM-IV de trouble dépressif majeur. Les femmes interviewées, représentative de la population locale, considéraient ce syndrome comme un élément important chez les nouvelles mères, car il affecte négativement les femmes et leurs jeunes enfants. Les femmes identifiées comme souffrant de ce syndrome (n = 41) avaient des scores de gravité de dépression plus élevés de façon statistiquement significative à la fois avec les deux outils de dépistage adaptés que les femmes identifiées comme n’ayant pas ce syndrome (n = 20, p <,0001). Conclusions: Lorsqu’il n’est pas certain que les modèles occidentaux de psychopathologie soient appropriés pour être utilisés dans le contexte local, ces modèles doivent être validés pour assurer une applicabilité interculturelle. En utilisant une méthode d’approche mixte, nous avons trouvé un syndrome local similaire à la dépression et des instruments validés pour le dépistage de ce trouble. Alors que l’importance de la santé mentale compromise dans les populations des pays en développement est reconnue, les méthodes décrites dans le présent rapport seront utiles à plus grande échelle. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POSTPARTUM depression KW - RESEARCH KW - PSYCHIATRIC research KW - WOMEN -- Mental health KW - KINSHASA (Congo) KW - CONGO (Democratic Republic) KW - Democratic Republic of Congo KW - mère KW - materna KW - maternal KW - mental health KW - RD Congo KW - RDC KW - salud mental KW - santé mentale KW - validez KW - validité KW - validity KW - materna KW - mental KW - validez KW - Congo KW - mère KW - santé mentale KW - validité N1 - Accession Number: 35394006; Bass, Judith K. 1; Email Address: jbass@jhsph.edu Ryder, Robert W. 2 Lammers, Marie-Christine 3 Mukaba, Thibaut N. 4 Bolton, Paul A. 5; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 2: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA 3: Centre for Ethnopsychology and Psychoanalysis, Port Gentil, Gabon 4: Health programs, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Democratic Republic of Congo 5: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 13 Issue 12, p1534; Subject Term: POSTPARTUM depression; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PSYCHIATRIC research; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Mental health; Subject Term: KINSHASA (Congo); Subject Term: CONGO (Democratic Republic); Author-Supplied Keyword: Democratic Republic of Congo; Author-Supplied Keyword: mère; Author-Supplied Keyword: materna; Author-Supplied Keyword: maternal; Author-Supplied Keyword: mental health; Author-Supplied Keyword: RD Congo; Author-Supplied Keyword: RDC; Author-Supplied Keyword: salud mental; Author-Supplied Keyword: santé mentale; Author-Supplied Keyword: validez; Author-Supplied Keyword: validité; Author-Supplied Keyword: validity; Author-Supplied Keyword: materna; Author-Supplied Keyword: mental; Author-Supplied Keyword: validez; Author-Supplied Keyword: Congo; Author-Supplied Keyword: mère; Author-Supplied Keyword: santé mentale; Author-Supplied Keyword: validité; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02160.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35394006&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2008-17810-002 AN - 2008-17810-002 AU - Rivera, William M. AU - Alex, Gary E. T1 - Human resource development for modernizing the agricultural workforce. JF - Human Resource Development Review JO - Human Resource Development Review Y1 - 2008/12// VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 374 EP - 386 CY - US PB - Sage Publications SN - 1534-4843 SN - 1552-6712 N1 - Accession Number: 2008-17810-002. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Rivera, William M.; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, MD, US. Release Date: 20090706. Correction Date: 20121008. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Agricultural Workers; Modernization; Human Resource Management. Minor Descriptor: Commercialization; Economy. Classification: Industrial & Organizational Psychology (3600). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). References Available: Y. Page Count: 13. Issue Publication Date: Dec, 2008. AB - Greater commercialization of agricultural systems and increasing trade liberalization dictate the need for better capacity on the part of the agriculture workforce in the 21st century. Global changes in the roles of the public and private sectors and the dramatic advancements in technology have also strongly affected agricultural workforce development needs. These evolving changes have important policy, institutional and programmatic implications. This article therefore places human resource development in the context of current concerns for the development of national knowledge economies and 'education for the knowledge economy.' First, the territory is defined. Then the part training plays in capacity development within organizations in the agriculture workforce is examined and suggests, in the view of the authors, the need for new and necessary policy, institutional, and program reform. Agricultural education systems, including extension, formal education, in-service training, and mass media/distance education programs are examined for their importance and their need to network to prepare the agricultural workforce to meet new challenges. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - human resource development KW - modernization KW - agricultural workforce KW - commercialization KW - 2008 KW - Agricultural Workers KW - Modernization KW - Human Resource Management KW - Commercialization KW - Economy KW - 2008 DO - 10.1177/1534484308324633 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2008-17810-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - GEN AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Stanton, David L. T1 - Source of new infections in generalised HIV epidemics. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2008/10/11/ VL - 372 IS - 9646 M3 - Letter SP - 1299 EP - 1299 SN - 00995355 AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "New Heterosexually Transmitted Infections in Married Or Cohabitating Couple In Urban Zambia And Rwanda: An Analysis Of Survey And Clinical Data," by K.L. Dunkle, R. Stephenson, E. Karita, et al. in a previous issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - HIV infections N1 - Accession Number: 34832667; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: JShelton@USAID.GOV Stanton, David L. 1; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 10/11/2008, Vol. 372 Issue 9646, p1299; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: HIV infections; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34832667&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vreeman, Rachel C. AU - Wiehe, Sarah E. AU - Ayaya, Samwel O. AU - Musick, Beverly S. AU - Nyandiko, Winstone M. T1 - Association of Antiretroviral and Clinic Adherence With Orphan Status Among HIV-Infected Children in Western Kenya. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2008/10//10/1/2008 VL - 49 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 163 EP - 170 SN - 15254135 AB - The article presents a study on the relation of antiretroviral (ART) and clinic adherence with the orphan status among children infected with HIV in Western Kenya. The study aims to identify self- and proxy-reported pediatric ART adherence and look into associated contextual factors. The results of the study reveal that most of pediatric patients in Western Kenya maintained perfect ART adherence and understanding contextual factors like orphan status, will strengthen adherence interventions. KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - PATIENT compliance KW - HIV infections KW - HIV-positive persons KW - PEDIATRICS KW - KENYA KW - adherence KW - AIDS KW - antiretroviral therapy KW - ART KW - HIV KW - orphan KW - pediatrics N1 - Accession Number: 36974384; Vreeman, Rachel C. 1,2,3; Email Address: rvreeman@iupui.edu Wiehe, Sarah E. 1,2,3 Ayaya, Samwel O. 3,4 Musick, Beverly S. 3,5 Nyandiko, Winstone M. 3,4; Affiliation: 1: Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 2: The Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN 3: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya 4: Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya 5: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Source Info: 10/1/2008, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p163; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: PATIENT compliance; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: HIV-positive persons; Subject Term: PEDIATRICS; Subject Term: KENYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: adherence; Author-Supplied Keyword: AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: antiretroviral therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: ART; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: orphan; Author-Supplied Keyword: pediatrics; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36974384&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Counselling and testing for HIV prevention. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2008/07/26/ VL - 372 IS - 9635 M3 - Editorial SP - 273 EP - 275 SN - 00995355 AB - The article discusses the benefits of testing combined with counseling in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. The article explains that in sub-Saharan Africa where multiple and frequent partners is the norm, HIV is epidemic. The article also provides limitations to prevention such as an inability to test for acute infections, the difficulty in changing long-term behaviours, and only twenty percent of adults in sub-Saharan Africa having been tested for HIV. KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - COUNSELING KW - HEALTH counseling KW - INFECTION -- Prevention KW - SUB-Saharan Africa N1 - Accession Number: 33382223; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 7/26/2008, Vol. 372 Issue 9635, p273; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: COUNSELING; Subject Term: HEALTH counseling; Subject Term: INFECTION -- Prevention; Subject Term: SUB-Saharan Africa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Editorial UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33382223&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105595590 T1 - Counselling and testing for HIV prevention. AU - Shelton JD Y1 - 2008/07/26/ N1 - Accession Number: 105595590. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090102. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Counseling KW - Health Behavior KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Attitude to Health KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Male SP - 273 EP - 275 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 372 North American Edition IS - 9635 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. jshelton@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 18657694. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105595590&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ardovino, Michael T1 - High Politics, Low Politics, and Imagined Communities in the EU 27. JO - Journal of Slavic Military Studies JF - Journal of Slavic Military Studies Y1 - 2008/07//Jul-Sep2008 VL - 21 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 543 EP - 562 SN - 13518046 AB - This article considers two perspectives of the post-Communist European integration movement. One perspective addresses rational choice economics in driving support for both the European Union, a low politics organization that emphasizes trade and social policies and NATO, a high politics defense organization. The other perspective addresses the impact that languages and ethnicity have, two factors derived from Anderson's notion of an imagined community. These two perspectives exhibit differences on how voters perceive and endorse integration in three societies in three different parts of the former Warsaw Pact. In those societies that are more ethnically and linguistically heterogeneous such as Bulgaria and Latvia, there is greater variation in backing endorsement for Western Europe from 1997 through 2004 than in societies that are more homogeneous such as Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Slavic Military Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HISTORY KW - EUROPE -- Politics & government -- 1989- KW - 1989- KW - EUROPE KW - EUROPEAN Union KW - NORTH Atlantic Treaty Organization N1 - Accession Number: 33998526; Ardovino, Michael 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development Knowledge Services Center (USAID KSC),; Source Info: Jul-Sep2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p543; Subject Term: HISTORY; Subject Term: EUROPE -- Politics & government -- 1989-; Subject Term: 1989-; Subject Term: EUROPE; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Union Company/Entity: NORTH Atlantic Treaty Organization; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/13518040802313795 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33998526&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105679570 T1 - Declining artesunate-mefloquine efficacy against falciparum malaria on the Cambodia-Thailand border. AU - Wongsrichanalai C AU - Meshnick SR Y1 - 2008/05// N1 - Accession Number: 105679570. Language: English. Entry Date: 20081031. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. NLM UID: 9508155. KW - Antimalarials -- Administration and Dosage KW - Antimalarials -- Pharmacodynamics KW - Antimalarials -- Therapeutic Use KW - Drug Resistance KW - Malaria -- Drug Therapy KW - Mefloquine -- Administration and Dosage KW - Mefloquine -- Pharmacodynamics KW - Mefloquine -- Therapeutic Use KW - Protozoa -- Drug Effects KW - Animals KW - Cambodia KW - Directly Observed Therapy KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Malaria -- Epidemiology KW - Malaria KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Protozoa KW - Thailand KW - Treatment Failure SP - 716 EP - 719 JO - Emerging Infectious Diseases JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases JA - EMERGING INFECT DIS VL - 14 IS - 5 CY - Atlanta, Georgia PB - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) SN - 1080-6040 AD - US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. cwongsrichanalai@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 18439351. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105679570&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - MILLER, DANIEL T1 - Wildlife Conservation in Western China: Preserving the Habitat of China's Wild West. JO - Environmental Conservation JF - Environmental Conservation Y1 - 2008/04// VL - 35 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 189 EP - 190 SN - 03768929 N1 - Accession Number: 56666992; MILLER, DANIEL 1; Affiliations: 1: 9000 New Delhi Place, Dulles, VA 20189-9000, USA e-mail: damiller@usaid.gov; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p189; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1017/S0376892908004797 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=56666992&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dalrymple, Dana G. T1 - International agricultural research as a global public good: concepts, the CGIAR experience and policy issues. JO - Journal of International Development JF - Journal of International Development Y1 - 2008/04// VL - 20 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 347 EP - 379 SN - 09541748 AB - Global Public Goods (GPGs) are becoming increasingly important in international development, but little attention has been given to their role in science and technology. Yet one clear example—also overlooked in most of the GPG literature—has existed for 35 years: the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Agricultural research in the poorer developing nations is largely conducted in the public sector and the CGIAR was formed to develop, with these nations, improved technologies and policies for their use in food production—international research spillovers. The process has worked well: the CGIAR has, perhaps unwittingly, been a leading provider of GPGs. But public funding for the CGIAR from international development agencies has become tighter and more restricted, threatening to weaken its global scientific capacity. Additional and more research-oriented funding sources are needed. Greater understanding of the GPG concept as it applies to research, both public and private, is needed at the policy level if these efforts are to be realised and endure. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of International Development is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Agriculture -- Research KW - Public goods KW - International economic assistance KW - International economic relations KW - Public finance KW - Developing countries KW - agricultural R&D KW - CGIAR KW - foreign aid KW - global/international public goods KW - international agricultural research KW - public goods KW - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research N1 - Accession Number: 31546383; Dalrymple, Dana G. 1; Email Address: ddalrymple@usaid.gov; Affiliations: 1: International Research and Biotechnology Team, Office of Environment and Science Policy, Bureau for Economic Development, Agriculture, and Trade (EGAT), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, D.C., USA; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p347; Thesaurus Term: Agriculture -- Research; Subject Term: Public goods; Subject Term: International economic assistance; Subject Term: International economic relations; Subject Term: Public finance; Subject Term: Developing countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: agricultural R&D; Author-Supplied Keyword: CGIAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: foreign aid; Author-Supplied Keyword: global/international public goods; Author-Supplied Keyword: international agricultural research; Author-Supplied Keyword: public goods ; Company/Entity: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1002/jid.1420 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=31546383&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - GEN AU - Yeh, John AU - Brande, Neal AU - Stanton, Mary Ellen AU - Tita, Alan T.N. AU - Stringer, Jeffrey S.A. AU - Goldenberg, Robert L. AU - Rouse, Dwight J. T1 - Two Decades of the Safe Motherhood Initiative. JO - Obstetrics & Gynecology JF - Obstetrics & Gynecology Y1 - 2008/04// VL - 111 IS - 4 M3 - Letter SP - 994 EP - 995 SN - 00297844 AB - A letter to the editor and the corresponding reply to an article on the safe motherhood initiative in the November 2007 issue are presented. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - MOTHERHOOD N1 - Accession Number: 31723885; Yeh, John 1 Brande, Neal 1,2 Stanton, Mary Ellen 1,2 Tita, Alan T.N. 3 Stringer, Jeffrey S.A. 3,4 Goldenberg, Robert L. 5 Rouse, Dwight J. 3; Affiliation: 1: USAID, Washington, DC, 2: University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 3: Center for Women's Reproductive Health & International Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 4: Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia 5: Obstetrics/Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 111 Issue 4, p994; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: MOTHERHOOD; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31723885&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105726359 T1 - Two decades of the safe motherhood initiative...Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Nov;110(5):968-9; Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Nov;110(5):972-6 AU - Yeh J AU - Brandes N AU - Stanton ME Y1 - 2008/04// N1 - Accession Number: 105726359. Language: English. Entry Date: 20080523. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Obstetric Care; Women's Health. NLM UID: 0401101. KW - Maternal Welfare KW - Clinical Trials KW - Developing Countries KW - Family Planning KW - Female KW - Women's Health SP - 994 EP - 995 JO - Obstetrics & Gynecology JF - Obstetrics & Gynecology JA - OBSTET GYNECOL VL - 111 IS - 4 CY - Baltimore, Maryland PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins SN - 0029-7844 AD - USAID, Washington, DC, and University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (Yeh). U2 - PMID: 18378764. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105726359&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Islam, Sirajul AU - Obol, Remigio C. AU - Riely, Jr., Frank Z. AU - Delano, Bonnie AU - Kleinschmidt, Klaus AU - Luther, Ernie AU - Braley, Grace AU - Coleman, Tom AU - Mytkowicz, Richard AU - DeLacy, Jan AU - Lester, Jill AU - Offenheiser, Raymond C. AU - Messinger, Ruth W. AU - Dale, Nan AU - Hufbauer, Gary Clyde AU - Gayle, Helene D. AU - Fore, Henrietta H. AU - Hood, Barbara AU - Hassberg, Jeannette AU - Hughes, Virginia T1 - Readers respond to poverty series. JO - Christian Science Monitor JF - Christian Science Monitor Y1 - 2008/03/21/ VL - 100 IS - 81 M3 - Article SP - 9 EP - 9 PB - Christian Science Publishing Society SN - 08827729 N1 - Accession Number: 31428454; Islam, Sirajul Obol, Remigio C. Riely, Jr., Frank Z. Delano, Bonnie Kleinschmidt, Klaus Luther, Ernie Braley, Grace Coleman, Tom Mytkowicz, Richard DeLacy, Jan Lester, Jill 1 Offenheiser, Raymond C. 2 Messinger, Ruth W. 3 Dale, Nan 4 Hufbauer, Gary Clyde 5 Gayle, Helene D. 6 Fore, Henrietta H. 7 Hood, Barbara Hassberg, Jeannette Hughes, Virginia; Affiliation: 1: President & CEO, The Hunger Project, New York 2: President, Oxfam America, Boston 3: President, American Jewish World Service, New York 4: Executive director, Action Against Hunger USA, New York 5: Senior fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington 6: President and CEO, CARE USA, Atlanta 7: Administrator, USAID, Washington; Source Info: 3/21/2008, Vol. 100 Issue 81, p9; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1561 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31428454&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - CASE AU - Chanda, Emmanuel AU - Masaninga, Fred AU - Coleman, Michael AU - Sikaala, Chadwick AU - Katebe, Cecilia AU - MacDonald, Michael AU - Baboo, Kumar S. AU - Govere, John AU - Manga, Lucien T1 - Integrated vector management: The Zambian experience. JO - Malaria Journal JF - Malaria Journal Y1 - 2008/01// VL - 7 M3 - Case Study SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14752875 AB - Background: The Zambian Malaria Control Programme with the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) partners have developed the current National Malaria Strategic Plan (NMSP 2006-2011) which focuses on prevention based on the Integrated Vector Management (IVM) strategy. The introduction and implementation of an IVM strategy was planned in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) steps towards IVM implementation namely Introduction Phase, Consolidation Phase and Expansion Phase. Achievements: IVM has created commitment for Legal and Regulatory policy review, monitoring, Research and a strong stewardship by the chemical suppliers. It has also leveraged additional resources, improved inter-sectoral collaboration, capacity building and enhanced community participation which facilitated a steady scaling up in coverage and utilisation of key preventive interventions. Thus, markedly reducing malaria incidence and case fatalities in the country. Conclusion: Zambia has successfully introduced, consolidated and expanded IVM activities. Resulting in increased coverage and utilization of interventions and markedly reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality while ensuring a better protection of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - COMMUNITY involvement KW - ZAMBIA KW - WORLD Health Organization N1 - Accession Number: 35704609; Chanda, Emmanuel 1; Email Address: emmanuel_chanda@yahoo.co.uk Masaninga, Fred 2; Email Address: masaningaf@zm.afro.who.int Coleman, Michael 3,4; Email Address: Michael.Coleman@mrc.ac.za Sikaala, Chadwick 1; Email Address: chsikaala@yahoo.co.uk Katebe, Cecilia 1; Email Address: ceciliakatebe@yahoo.co.uk MacDonald, Michael 5; Email Address: mmacdonald@usaid.gov Baboo, Kumar S. 6; Email Address: Sridutt2001@yahoo.com Govere, John 7; Email Address: goverej@zw.afro.who.int Manga, Lucien 8; Email Address: mangal@afro.who.int; Affiliation: 1: National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Zambia 2: World Health Organization, WHO Country office, Zambia 3: Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa 4: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK 5: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 6: University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Zambia 7: World Health Organization, WHO ICST, Zimbabwe 8: World Health Organization, WHO AFRO, Congo; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 7, Special section p1; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: COMMUNITY involvement; Subject Term: ZAMBIA; Company/Entity: WORLD Health Organization; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Case Study L3 - 10.1186/1475-2875-7-164 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35704609&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Fore, Henrietta H. T1 - A New Consensus in International Development. JO - DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management JF - DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management Y1 - 2007///Winter2007 VL - 29 IS - 4 M3 - Excerpt SP - 48 EP - 51 PB - Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management SN - 15320359 AB - Excerpts are presented from remarks made by Henrietta H. Fore of the U.S. Agency for International Development on international assistance programs made in Chicago, Illinois on September 19, 2007. KW - INTERNATIONAL economic assistance KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development KW - FORE, Henrietta H. N1 - Accession Number: 29968787; Fore, Henrietta H. 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Acting Administrator and Acting Director of United States Foreign Assistance.; Source Info: Winter2007, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p48; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL economic assistance; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; People: FORE, Henrietta H.; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Excerpt UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29968787&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Diaphragms and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2007/12//12/1/2007 VL - 370 IS - 9602 M3 - Letter SP - 1823 EP - 1823 SN - 00995355 AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Diaphragm and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV acquisition in southern African women: a randomised controlled trial," by N.S. Padian, A. van der Straten and G. Ramjee. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - PREVENTION N1 - Accession Number: 27697729; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.com; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2007, Vol. 370 Issue 9602, p1823; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: PREVENTION; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27697729&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105643095 T1 - Ten myths and one truth about generalised HIV epidemics. AU - Shelton JD Y1 - 2007/12//12/1/2007 N1 - Accession Number: 105643095. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090213. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Demography KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Income KW - Kenya KW - Male KW - Sexuality SP - 1809 EP - 1811 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 370 North American Edition IS - 9602 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. jshelton@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 18061042. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105643095&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2007-18818-003 AN - 2007-18818-003 AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Ten myths and one truth about generalised HIV epidemics. JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2007/12// VL - 370 IS - 9602 SP - 1809 EP - 1811 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Shelton, James D., Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2007-18818-003. PMID: 18061042 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Shelton, James D.; Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20080218. Correction Date: 20150413. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; AIDS Prevention; Epidemics; HIV; Sexual Partners. Minor Descriptor: African Cultural Groups; Myths. Classification: Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10). Location: Africa. References Available: Y. Page Count: 3. Issue Publication Date: Dec, 2007. AB - Despite substantial progress against AIDS worldwide, we are still losing ground. The number of new infections continues to dwarf the numbers who start antiretroviral therapy in developing countries. Most infections occur in widespread or generalised epidemics in heterosexuals in just a few countries in southern and eastern Africa. Although HIV incidence has fallen in Uganda, Kenya, and Zimbabwe, the generalised epidemic rages on. Something is not working. The article lists ten misconceptions that impede HIV prevention. The authors maintain that priority must be on the key driver of generalised epidemics--concurrent partnerships. Although many people sense that multiple partners are risky, they do not realise the particular risk of concurrent partnerships. Fortunately we can enhance partner-limitation behaviour, akin to the behaviour change that many people have adopted spontaneously. State-of-the-art behaviour change techniques, including explicit messages, that are sensitive to local cultures, can raise perception of personalised risk. Even modest reductions in concurrent partnerships could substantially dampen the epidemic dynamic. Other prevention approaches also have merit, but they can be much more effective in conjunction with partner-limitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV epidemics KW - myths KW - concurrent partnerships KW - prevention approaches KW - generalized epidemics KW - partner-limitation KW - multiple partners KW - behavior change techniques KW - Africa KW - 2007 KW - AIDS KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Epidemics KW - HIV KW - Sexual Partners KW - African Cultural Groups KW - Myths KW - 2007 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61755-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-18818-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jshelton@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dickey, Christopher T1 - Artificial Intelligence. JO - New York Times Book Review JF - New York Times Book Review Y1 - 2007/11/18/ M3 - Book Review SP - 22 EP - 22 SN - 00287806 AB - The article reviews the book "Curveball: Spies, Lies and the Con man Who Caused a War," by Bob Drogin. KW - NONFICTION KW - BIOGRAPHIES KW - DROGIN, Bob KW - CURVEBALL: Spies, Lies & the Con Man Who Caused a War (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 27591836; Dickey, Christopher 1; Affiliation: 1: Paris bureau chief and Middle East editor, Newsweek; Source Info: 11/18/2007, p22; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Subject Term: BIOGRAPHIES; Reviews & Products: CURVEBALL: Spies, Lies & the Con Man Who Caused a War (Book); People: DROGIN, Bob; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Review UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27591836&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dao, Halima AU - Mofenson, Lynne M. AU - Ekpini, Rene AU - Gilks, Charles F. AU - Barnhart, Matthew AU - Bolu, Omotayo AU - Shaffer, Nathan T1 - International recommendations on antiretroviral drugs for treatment of HIV-infected women and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-limited settings: 2006 update JO - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology JF - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Y1 - 2007/09/02/Sep2007 Supplement VL - 197 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - S42 EP - S55 SN - 00029378 AB - The World Health Organization recommends that countries adopt more effective antiretroviral regimens to increase the effectiveness of the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission programs. The 2006 guidelines recommend a tiered approach for the delivery of antiretroviral to pregnant women who are infected with HIV and include triple-drug antiretroviral treatment for those women who are eligible. Those women who are not eligible for antiretroviral treatment should receive a combination prophylaxis antiretroviral regimen, preferably zidovudine from 28 weeks of gestation; zidovudine, lamivudine, and a single dose of nevirapine during delivery; and zidovudine and lamivudine for 7 days after delivery to reduce the development of nevirapine resistance. Newborn infants should receive a single dose of nevirapine and 1-4 weeks of zidovudine, depending on the duration of the regimen received by the mother. Although steps are being taken to provide more effective regimens, the use of single-dose nevirapine alone should still be used in situations in which more effective regimens are not yet feasible or available. HIV transmission through breastfeeding remains a problem, and several interventions are under evaluation that include maternal and/or infant antiretroviral prophylaxis during breastfeeding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - WORLD Health Organization KW - HIV-positive women KW - HIV infections -- Transmission KW - NEWBORN infants -- Diseases KW - BREASTFEEDING (Humans) KW - antiretroviral KW - HIV KW - prevention of mother-to-child transmission N1 - Accession Number: 26500549; Dao, Halima 1; Email Address: hcd1@cdc.gov; Mofenson, Lynne M. 2; Ekpini, Rene 3; Gilks, Charles F. 3; Barnhart, Matthew 4; Bolu, Omotayo 1; Shaffer, Nathan 1; Source Information: Sep2007 Supplement, Vol. 197 Issue 3, pS42; Subject: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject: WORLD Health Organization; Subject: HIV-positive women; Subject: HIV infections -- Transmission; Subject: NEWBORN infants -- Diseases; Subject: BREASTFEEDING (Humans); Author-Supplied Keyword: antiretroviral; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: prevention of mother-to-child transmission; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=26500549&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - hch ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harriett, Al T1 - U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). JO - Congressional Digest JF - Congressional Digest Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 86 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 206 EP - 212 PB - Congressional Digest SN - 00105899 AB - An excerpt is presented from remarks made in the U.S. House of Representatives by Dr. Al Bartlett, senior advisor for child survival of the U.S. Agency for International Development. KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - INTERNATIONAL cooperation KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development -- Officials & employees KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Congress. House KW - BARTLETT, Albert N1 - Accession Number: 26491970; Harriett, Al 1; Affiliation: 1: Senior Advisor for Child Survival, Bureau for Global Health; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 86 Issue 7, p206; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL cooperation; Subject Term: UNITED States. Agency for International Development -- Officials & employees; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Congress. House; People: BARTLETT, Albert; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26491970&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hope Sr., Kempe Ronald T1 - Poverty and environmental degradation in Africa: towards sustainable policy for reversing the spiral. JO - International Journal of Environment & Sustainable Development JF - International Journal of Environment & Sustainable Development Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 6 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 3 EP - 3 SN - 14746778 AB - The nexus of poverty and the environment has led to a situation where the poor are both the victims and perpetrators of environmental damage in Africa. This paper examines the primary issues contributing to the downward spiralling two-way relationship between poverty and environmental degradation in Africa, and then discusses and analyses priority areas of a managed and sustainable policy framework for reversing that spiral. It is argued that Africa entered the 21st Century as the world's worst failure in social, economic, human and technological development. Consequently, poverty is an enduring challenge in the region for which policy formulation and implementation needs to be ratcheted up. Similarly, the approach to arresting environmental degradation in Africa must be given a greater focus within the context of the poverty and environmental damage nexus. This work shows that both local and national environmental concerns have immediate and directly attributable effects primarily on the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Environment & Sustainable Development is the property of Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Environmental degradation KW - Environmental quality KW - Environmental policy KW - Poverty KW - Sustainable development -- Africa KW - Poor people -- Developing countries KW - Africa KW - environmental degradation KW - poverty KW - sustainability KW - sustainable development KW - sustainable policy N1 - Accession Number: 27886607; Hope Sr., Kempe Ronald 1; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Monrovia, Liberia; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p3; Thesaurus Term: Environmental degradation; Thesaurus Term: Environmental quality; Thesaurus Term: Environmental policy; Subject Term: Poverty; Subject Term: Sustainable development -- Africa; Subject Term: Poor people -- Developing countries; Subject: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: poverty; Author-Supplied Keyword: sustainability; Author-Supplied Keyword: sustainable development; Author-Supplied Keyword: sustainable policy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27886607&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-22310-009 AN - 2012-22310-009 AU - Curtis, Carolyn T1 - Meeting health care needs of women experiencing complications of miscarriage and unsafe abortion: Usaid's postabortion care program. T3 - Global Perspectives on Women's Health: Policy and Practice JF - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health JO - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health JA - J Midwifery Womens Health Y1 - 2007/07/08/Jul-Aug 8, 2007 VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 368 EP - 375 CY - Netherlands PB - Elsevier Science SN - 1526-9523 SN - 1542-2011 AD - Curtis, Carolyn, USAID, Global Health Bureau, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Room 3.6.56, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2012-22310-009. PMID: 17603959 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Curtis, Carolyn; United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, US. Other Publishers: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Release Date: 20121112. Correction Date: 20151207. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Curtis, Carolyn. Major Descriptor: Health Care Services; Human Females; Pregnancy; Spontaneous Abortion; Sequelae. Classification: Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10). Location: US. References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Jul-Aug 8, 2007. Copyright Statement: American College of Nurse Midwives. 2007. AB - Each year, an estimated 210 million women become pregnant. Worldwide, more than one fourth of these pregnancies will end in abortion or an unplanned birth. While many abortions may result from the desire to delay or avoid pregnancy, 15% to 20% of pregnancies will end in miscarriage or stillbirth with some causative agents being malaria, HIV/AIDS, and physical violence. Postabortion care (PAC) is needed to provide treatment for complications caused by incomplete or spontaneous abortion and critical family planning counseling and services to prevent future unplanned pregnancies that may result in repeat abortions. In 2003, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated a 5-year strategy wherein seven countries were provided financial funding and technical assistance. Since 2003, more than 3000 women have been seen in health centers and health posts for PAC services; more than 14,000 community members have received messages on unsafe abortion; family planning, and complications of unsafe abortion and miscarriage; and more than 600 documents were reviewed for inclusion in a global PAC resource package. This package has been used for developing Cambodia’s national PAC policy and for developing patient education materials and provider job aids in Cambodia and Tanzania. These promising methodologies will be replicated in other countries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - health care needs KW - women experiencing complications KW - miscarriage KW - unsafe abortion KW - 2007 KW - Health Care Services KW - Human Females KW - Pregnancy KW - Spontaneous Abortion KW - Sequelae KW - 2007 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, US. Other Details: To all global postabortion care programs. Recipients: Curtis, Carolyn DO - 10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.03.005 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-22310-009&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - ccurtis@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - GEN AU - Tobias, Randall L. T1 - Fiscal Year 2008 Testimony on Foreign Assistance Budget. JO - DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management JF - DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management Y1 - 2007///Summer2007 VL - 29 IS - 3 M3 - Excerpt SP - 66 EP - 73 PB - Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management SN - 15320359 AB - Excerpts are presented from the fiscal year 2008 testimony on the foreign assistance budget which was presented to the United States Senate Appropriations Committee's Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations and Related Agencies by the Director of Foreign Assistance and Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development Randall L. Tobias in March 2007. KW - INTERNATIONAL economic assistance KW - TOBIAS, Randall L. N1 - Accession Number: 26361372; Tobias, Randall L. 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Director of Foreign Assistance and Administrator of United States Agency for International Development.; Source Info: Summer2007, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p66; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL economic assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; People: TOBIAS, Randall L.; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Excerpt UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26361372&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106151140 T1 - Meeting health care needs of women experiencing complications of miscarriage and unsafe abortion: USAID's postabortion care program. AU - Curtis C Y1 - 2007/07// N1 - Accession Number: 106151140. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070914. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; statistics; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Core Nursing; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Nursing; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Advanced Nursing Practice; Obstetric Care; Women's Health. NLM UID: 100909407. KW - Abortion, Induced -- Adverse Effects KW - Abortion, Spontaneous -- Complications KW - Women's Health Services KW - Abortion, Spontaneous -- Epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Community Health Services KW - Developing Countries KW - Family Planning KW - Female KW - Financing, Government KW - Government Agencies -- United States KW - Health Policy -- United States KW - International Agencies KW - Maternal Mortality KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Unplanned KW - United States SP - 368 EP - 375 JO - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health JF - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health JA - J MIDWIFERY WOMENS HEALTH VL - 52 IS - 4 CY - Malden, Massachusetts PB - Wiley-Blackwell AB - Each year, an estimated 210 million women become pregnant. Worldwide, more than one fourth of these pregnancies will end in abortion or an unplanned birth. While many abortions may result from the desire to delay or avoid pregnancy, 15% to 20% of pregnancies will end in miscarriage or stillbirth with some causative agents being malaria, HIV/AIDS, and physical violence. Postabortion care (PAC) is needed to provide treatment for complications caused by incomplete or spontaneous abortion and critical family planning counseling and services to prevent future unplanned pregnancies that may result in repeat abortions. In 2003, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated a 5-year strategy wherein seven countries were provided financial funding and technical assistance. Since 2003, more than 3000 women have been seen in health centers and health posts for PAC services; more than 14,000 community members have received messages on unsafe abortion; family planning, and complications of unsafe abortion and miscarriage; and more than 600 documents were reviewed for inclusion in a global PAC resource package. This package has been used for developing Cambodia's national PAC policy and for developing patient education materials and provider job aids in Cambodia and Tanzania. These promising methodologies will be replicated in other countries. SN - 1526-9523 AD - USAID, Global Health Bureau, Washington, DC 20523, USA. ccurtis@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 17603959. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106151140&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - NEWS AU - Cassell, Michael M AU - Surdo, Alison T1 - Testing the limits of case finding for HIV prevention JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2007/07// VL - 7 IS - 7 M3 - Editorial SP - 491 EP - 495 SN - 14733099 AB - Summary: HIV testing technologies have been available for two decades, but concerns about stigma and discrimination have historically tempered the application of case finding—a cornerstone of public-health practice—to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The recent expansion of access to HIV treatment has resulted in a shift of emphasis from pairing testing with rigorous risk-reduction prevention counselling, to applying testing to find infected individuals, address their care and treatment needs, and prevent them from infecting others. However, the efficacy of case finding for infectious disease prevention is contingent on two basic principles: the ability to identify infected individuals before further transmission occurs, and the availability of effective strategies to prevent such transmission from taking place. Although there is evidence that specific approaches to HIV counselling and testing can support behaviour change, both high infectivity during early HIV infection and specific sexual network structures could combine to substantially limit our ability to identify cases before ongoing transmission occurs. Facilitating the broader adoption of prevention behaviours therefore remains essential to prevent the continued spread of HIV. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Lancet Infectious Diseases is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - MEDICAL technology KW - PUBLIC health KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - THERAPEUTICS N1 - Accession Number: 25568366; Cassell, Michael M 1; Email Address: mcassell@usaid.gov Surdo, Alison 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 7 Issue 7, p491; Subject Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: MEDICAL technology; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: THERAPEUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70114-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25568366&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Elbinger, Lewis K. AU - Wygant, Michael G. AU - Malley, Raymond AU - Helmer, Colin AU - Berrington, Robin AU - Popkin, Barney P. T1 - LETTERS. JO - Foreign Service Journal JF - Foreign Service Journal Y1 - 2007/05// VL - 84 IS - 5 M3 - Letter SP - 6 EP - 7 SN - 01463543 AB - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues, including "Keeping the Lid On: Prospects for Peace in the Middle East," in the December 2006 issue, another letter on the foreign policy of the U.S. during the next two years, and another on the U.S. State Department's difficulty in finding technical specialists for Iraq reconstruction. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - PEACE KW - INTERNATIONAL relations KW - IRAQ War, 2003-2011 -- Reconstruction KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 25090162; Elbinger, Lewis K. 1 Wygant, Michael G. Malley, Raymond Helmer, Colin Berrington, Robin Popkin, Barney P. 2; Affiliation: 1: FSO, Air War College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. 2: Environmental Protection Specialist, Bureau for Asia and Near East, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 84 Issue 5, p6; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: PEACE; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL relations; Subject Term: IRAQ War, 2003-2011 -- Reconstruction; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911410 Foreign affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25090162&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - McClure, E.M. AU - Goldenberg, R.L. AU - Brandes, N. AU - Darmstadt, G.L. AU - Wright, L.L. AU - CHX Working Group AU - Armbruster, Deborah AU - Biggar, Robert AU - Carpenter, Joyce AU - Free, Michael J AU - Mattison, Donald AU - Mathai, Matthews AU - Moss, Nancy AU - Mullany, Luke C AU - Schrag, Stephanie AU - Tielsch, James AU - Tolosa, Jorge AU - Wall, Stephen N AU - Schuchat, Anne AU - Smine, Abdelkrim T1 - The use of chlorhexidine to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in low-resource settings JO - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics JF - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Y1 - 2007/05// VL - 97 IS - 2 M3 - journal article SP - 89 EP - 94 SN - 00207292 AB - Abstract: Of the 4 million neonatal deaths and 500,000 maternal deaths that occur annually worldwide, almost 99% are in developing countries and one-third are associated with infections. Implementation of proven interventions and targeted research on a select number of promising high-impact preventative and curative interventions are essential to achieve Millennium Development Goals for reduction of child and maternal mortality. Feasible, simple, low-cost interventions have the potential to significantly reduce the mortality and severe morbidity associated with infection in these settings. Studies of chlorhexidine in developing countries have focused on three primary uses: 1) intrapartum vaginal and neonatal wiping, 2) neonatal wiping alone, and 3) umbilical cord cleansing. A study of vaginal wiping and neonatal skin cleansing with chlorhexidine, conducted in Malawi in the 1990s suggested that chlorhexidine has potential to reduce neonatal infectious morbidity and mortality. A recent trial of cord cleansing conducted in Nepal also demonstrated benefit. Although studies have shown promise, widespread acceptance and implementation of chlorhexidine use has not yet occurred. This paper is derived in part from data presented at a conference on the use of chlorhexidine in developing countries and reviews the available evidence related to chlorhexidine use to reduce mortality and severe morbidity due to infections in mothers and neonates in low-resource settings. It also summarizes issues related to programmatic implementation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHLORHEXIDINE KW - ANTISEPTICS KW - DISEASES KW - SEPTICEMIA KW - Chlorhexidine KW - Maternal mortality KW - Neonatal mortality KW - Oomphilitis KW - Sepsis N1 - Accession Number: 24805473; McClure, E.M. 1; Email Address: mcclure@rti.org Goldenberg, R.L. 2 Brandes, N. 3 Darmstadt, G.L. 4 Wright, L.L. 5 CHX Working Group Armbruster, Deborah Biggar, Robert Carpenter, Joyce Free, Michael J Mattison, Donald Mathai, Matthews Moss, Nancy Mullany, Luke C Schrag, Stephanie Tielsch, James Tolosa, Jorge Wall, Stephen N Schuchat, Anne Smine, Abdelkrim; Affiliation: 1: Statistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA 2: Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 3: USAID, Washington DC, USA 4: Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 5: NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Washington DC, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 97 Issue 2, p89; Subject Term: CHLORHEXIDINE; Subject Term: ANTISEPTICS; Subject Term: DISEASES; Subject Term: SEPTICEMIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorhexidine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neonatal mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oomphilitis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sepsis; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.01.014 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24805473&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beksinska, Mags AU - Joanis, Carol AU - Manning, Judy AU - Smit, Jenni AU - Callahan, Marianne AU - Deperthes, Bidia AU - Usher-Patel, Margaret T1 - Standardized definitions of failure modes for female condoms JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2007/04// VL - 75 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 251 EP - 255 SN - 00107824 AB - Abstract: Definitions of male condom failure modes are now well documented, and failure events are usually reported as the proportion of the total number of condoms used and the proportion of men/couples who experience an event. The lack of standardized definitions for female condom (FC) failure has led to variability in reporting and hence difficulties in making comparisons across studies. As a result, the World Health Organization convened a technical review committee meeting in January 2006 through which the members compiled and agreed to a standard list of terms and definitions for each of the failure modes. These failure modes apply to FCs currently marketed or in advanced stages of clinical testing. They were designed to assist in the review and comparative assessment of different FCs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Contraception is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONDOMS KW - PUBLIC health KW - WORLD health KW - failure mode KW - female condom KW - male condom N1 - Accession Number: 24427777; Beksinska, Mags 1; Email Address: m.beksinska@rhru.co.za Joanis, Carol 2 Manning, Judy 3 Smit, Jenni 1 Callahan, Marianne 4 Deperthes, Bidia 5 Usher-Patel, Margaret 6; Affiliation: 1: Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Mayville 4091, South Africa 2: Family Health International, PO Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC 20523-3601, USA 4: CONRAD, Arlington, VA 22209, USA 5: United Nations Population Fund, New York, NY 10017, USA 6: United Nations Development Programme/United Nations Population Fund/World Health Organization/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 75 Issue 4, p251; Subject Term: CONDOMS; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: WORLD health; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure mode; Author-Supplied Keyword: female condom; Author-Supplied Keyword: male condom; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326299 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.10.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24427777&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - D'Silva, Brian AU - Tecosky, Olivia T1 - Sub-regional integration in Sudan: the key to food security and recovery. JO - Disasters JF - Disasters Y1 - 2007/03/02/Mar2007 Supplement VL - 31 M3 - Article SP - 124 EP - 138 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 03613666 AB - The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in Sudan has created a new opportunity for peace. Approaches to food security must now be reoriented based on the agro-ecological diversity in Sudan. WFP is in a unique position to catalyse an approach to food security that meets immediate needs and contributes to long-term recovery, in collaboration with the Government of National Unity (GNU) and the Government of South Sudan (GOSS). Aggregate food production in Sudan has increased in the past decade. At sub-regional levels, however, many areas remain food insecure. Major research must be undertaken to identify optimum levels of food production and barriers to access to food at sub-regional levels as a first step towards linking deficit areas with areas of surplus. Initiatives must also be undertaken to facilitate increased integration between sub-regions. Increased sub-regional linkages could ensure more efficient delivery of food in the short term as well as recovery and economic growth in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Disasters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Food KW - Food production KW - Biodiversity KW - Peace treaties KW - Peace KW - Economic development KW - Surplus (Economics) KW - Social integration KW - Sudan KW - fuel KW - infrastructure KW - local deficit KW - local purchase KW - local surplus KW - market N1 - Accession Number: 24219643; D'Silva, Brian 1; Email Address: Bdsilva@afr-sd.org; Tecosky, Olivia 2; Affiliations: 1: Senior Policy Adviser, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), US; 2: Sudan Program Specialist on the Three Areas, USAID, US; Issue Info: Mar2007 Supplement, Vol. 31, p124; Thesaurus Term: Food; Thesaurus Term: Food production; Thesaurus Term: Biodiversity; Subject Term: Peace treaties; Subject Term: Peace; Subject Term: Economic development; Subject Term: Surplus (Economics); Subject Term: Social integration; Subject: Sudan; Author-Supplied Keyword: fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrastructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: local deficit; Author-Supplied Keyword: local purchase; Author-Supplied Keyword: local surplus; Author-Supplied Keyword: market; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.00353.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=24219643&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baltazar, Thomas AU - Kvitashvili, Elisabeth T1 - The Role of USAID and Development Assistance in Combating Terrorism. JO - Military Review JF - Military Review Y1 - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007 VL - 87 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 38 EP - 40 PB - US Army, Combined Arms Center SN - 00264148 AB - The article discusses the role of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in the War on Terrorism. The humanitarian and development assistance programs of USAID were recognized as critical components in the U.S. National Strategy for Combating Terrorism. The Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation (CMM) was founded in 2003 to determine the causes of conflict and extremism. It tackles the agreement between Central Command and USAID aiming to foster communication between them. KW - WAR on Terrorism, 2001-2009 KW - HUMANITARIAN assistance KW - INTERNATIONAL economic assistance KW - SOCIAL conflict KW - RADICALISM KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development KW - UNITED States. Central Command N1 - Accession Number: 25012929; Baltazar, Thomas 1 Kvitashvili, Elisabeth 2; Affiliation: 1: Director, Office of Military Affairs of the Bureau of Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance, U.S. Agency for International Development 2: Director, Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation, United States Agency for International Development; Source Info: Mar/Apr2007, Vol. 87 Issue 2, p38; Subject Term: WAR on Terrorism, 2001-2009; Subject Term: HUMANITARIAN assistance; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL economic assistance; Subject Term: SOCIAL conflict; Subject Term: RADICALISM; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development Company/Entity: UNITED States. Central Command; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25012929&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gillespie, Duff AU - Ahmed, Saifuddin AU - Tsui, Amy AU - Radloff, Scott T1 - Unwanted fertility among the poor: an inequity? T2 - Fecundidad no deseada entre los pobres: una forma de inequidad? T2 - Fécondité non désirée parmi les populations défavorisées : un problème d'équité ? JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2007/02// VL - 85 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 100 EP - B PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective To determine if higher fertility and lower contraceptive use among the poorer segments of society should be considered an inequality, reflecting a higher desire for large families among the poor, or an inequity, a product of the poor being prevented from achieving their desired fertility to the same degree as wealthier segments of society. Methods Using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys from 41 countries, we analysed the differences in fertility in light of modern contraceptive use, unwanted fertility (defined as actual fertility in excess of desired fertility) and the availability of family planning services found among poorer and wealthier segments of society. The asset index in each survey was used to construct wealth quintiles and the concentration index (CI) of income inequality was found in health variables. Findings The relationship between the CI found in the total fertility rate and the use of contraceptives was linear, R-square of 0.289. Unwanted births in the poorest quintile were more than twice that found in the wealthiest quintile, respectively 1.2 and 0.5, although there was wide variation among the 41 countries. The CI in our measure of family planning availability (radio messages, knowledge of services and contact with field workers) was largely positively associated with the CI in modern contraceptive prevalence, respectively R-squares of 0.392, 0.692 and 0.526. Conclusion In many countries the higher fertility and lower contraceptive use found among poorer relative to wealthier populations should be considered an inequity. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objetivo Determinar si la mayor fecundidad y el bajo uso de anticonceptivos entre los sectores más pobres de la sociedad debe considerarse una forma de desigualdad, que reflejaría una preferencia de los pobres por formar familias numerosas, o bien una forma de inequidad, consistente en que se impediría a los pobres reducir su fecundidad en la misma medida en que pueden hacerlo los sectores más ricos de la sociedad. Métodos Utilizando las Encuestas de Demografía y Salud más recientes de 41 países, analizamos las diferencias de fecundidad en función del uso de anticonceptivos modernos, la fecundidad no deseada (definida como la fecundidad real por encima de la deseada) y la disponibilidad de servicios de planificación familiar entre los sectores más pobre y más rico de la sociedad. Se determinaron los quintiles de riqueza a partir del índice de recursos obtenido con cada encuesta, y se calculó el índice de concentración (IC) de la desigualdad de ingresos para las variables relacionadas con la salud. Resultados Se observó una relación lineal entre el IC hallado en la tasa total de fecundidad y el uso de anticonceptivos, con una R² de 0,289. Los nacimientos no deseados en el quintil más pobre superaban en más del doble los hallados en el quintil más rico: 1,2 y 0,5 respectivamente; no obstante, había amplias diferencias entre los 41 países. El IC de nuestra medida de la disponibilidad de servicios de planificación familiar (mensajes radiofónicos, conocimiento de los servicios y contacto con los trabajadores sobre el terreno) estaba muy positivamente asociado al IC de la prevalencia de uso de anticonceptivos modernos, con R² de, respectivamente, 0,392, 0,692 y 0,526. Conclusión En muchos países, la mayor fecundidad y el bajo uso de anticonceptivos detectados entre los pobres en comparación con la población rica deben considerarse una forma de inequidad. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Objectif Déterminer si la plus forte fécondité et l'usage plus limité de la contraception parmi les segments les plus pauvres de la société doivent être considérés comme une inégalité, reflétant un plus grand désir chez les personnes pauvres de constituer des familles nombreuses, ou comme un problème d'équité : un résultat de la pauvreté traduisant l'incapacité à obtenir la fécondité souhaitée dans la même mesure que les segments plus riches de la société. Méthodes A partir des enquêtes démographiques et de santé les plus récemment réalisées dans 41 pays, nous avons étudié les différences de fécondité en tenant compte des moyens contraceptifs modernes utilisables, la fécondité non désirée (définie comme la fécondité en excès par rapport à la fécondité souhaitée) et la disponibilité de services de planification familiale pour les segments pauvres et riches de la société. Dans chaque enquête, l'indice de revenu a été utilisé pour constituer les quintiles les plus riches et l'indice de concentration des inégalités de revenus a été déterminé. Résultats La relation entre l'indice de concentration trouvé pour le taux de fécondité totale et l'utilisation de moyens contraceptifs est linéaire (R² = 0,289). Le nombre de naissances non désirées est deux fois plus élevé dans le quintile le plus pauvre que dans celui le plus riche (respectivement 1,2 et 0,5), bien qu'il existe de grandes variations entre les 41 pays considérés. L'indice de concentration correspondant à notre mesure de la disponibilité de services de planification familiale (messages radiophoniques, connaissance des services et contact avec des agents de terrain) présentait une forte corrélation positive avec l'indice de concentration de la prévalence des moyens contraceptifs modernes (R² valant respectivement 0,392, 0,692 et 0,526). Conclusion Dans nombre de pays, le taux de fécondité plus élevé et le recours plus limité aux moyens contraceptifs observés chez les plus démunis par comparaison avec les populations aisées doivent être considérés comme un problème d'équité. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HUMAN fertility KW - UPPER class KW - UNDERCLASS KW - HEALTH surveys KW - CONTRACEPTIVES KW - CONTRACEPTIVE drugs KW - BIRTH control KW - DEMOGRAPHY KW - BIRTH control clinics N1 - Accession Number: 24198548; Gillespie, Duff 1; Email Address: dgillesp@jhsph.edu Ahmed, Saifuddin 1 Tsui, Amy 1 Radloff, Scott 2; Affiliation: 1: The Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 2: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA.; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 85 Issue 2, p100; Subject Term: HUMAN fertility; Subject Term: UPPER class; Subject Term: UNDERCLASS; Subject Term: HEALTH surveys; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTIVES; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTIVE drugs; Subject Term: BIRTH control; Subject Term: DEMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: BIRTH control clinics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326299 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24198548&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peters, David H. AU - Noor, Ayan Ahmed AU - Singh, Lakhwinder P. AU - Kakar, Faizullah K. AU - Hansen, Peter M. AU - Burnham, Gilbert T1 - A balanced scorecard for health services in Afghanistan. T2 - Un cuadro de mando para los servicios de salud del Afganistán. T2 - Carte de pointage équilibrée pour les services sanitaires afghans. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2007/02// VL - 85 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 146 EP - 151 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - The Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in Afghanistan has developed a balanced scorecard (BSC) to regularly monitor the progress of its strategy to deliver a basic package of health services. Although frequently used in other health-care settings, this represents the first time that the BSC has been employed in a developing country. The BSC was designed via a collaborative process focusing on translating the vision and mission of the MOPH into 29 core indicators and benchmarks representing six different domains of health services, together with two composite measures of performance. In the absence of a routine health information system, the 2004 BSC for Afghanistan was derived from a stratified random sample of 617 health facilities, 5719 observations of patient-provider interactions, and interviews with 5597 patients, 1553 health workers, and 13 843 households. Nationally, health services were found to be reaching more of the poor than the less-poor population, and providing for more women than men, both key concerns of the government. However, serious deficiencies were found in five domains, and particularly in counselling patients, providing delivery care during childbirth, monitoring tuberculosis treatment, placing staff and equipment, and establishing functional village health councils. The BSC also identified wide variations in performance across provinces; no province performed better than the others across all domains. The innovative adaptation of the BSC in Afghanistan has provided a useful tool to summarize the multidimensional nature of health-services performance, and is enabling managers to benchmark performance and identify strengths and weaknesses in the Afghan context. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - El Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) del Afganistán ha elaborado un cuadro de mando (CM) para vigilar periódicamente los progresos de la estrategia que ha diseñado para suministrar un conjunto básico de servicios de salud. Aunque utilizado frecuentemente en otros entornos asistenciales, es la primera vez que este tipo de sistema se emplea en un país en desarrollo. El CM se diseñó mediante un proceso de colaboración centrado en traducir la visión y la misión del MSP en 29 indicadores y criterios de referencia básicos representativos de seis dominios de los servicios de salud, junto con dos indicadores combinados del desempeño. A falta de un sistema de información sanitaria sistemática, el CM de 2004 empleado para el Afganistán se elaboró a partir de una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 617 centros de salud, 5719 observaciones de interacciones paciente-proveedor, y entrevistas con 5597 pacientes, 1553 agentes de salud y 13 843 hogares. A nivel nacional, se observó que los servicios de salud llegaban más a la población pobre que a la población menos pobre, y a las mujeres que a los hombres, por ser esos objetivos prioritarios del Gobierno. Sin embargo, se detectaron graves deficiencias en cinco dominios, sobre todo en lo que respecta al asesoramiento a los pacientes, la prestación de asistencia al parto, la vigilancia del tratamiento de la tuberculosis, la ubicación del personal y el equipo, y el establecimiento de consejos de salud de aldea operativos. El CM permitió identificar también amplias diferencias de desempeño entre las distintas provincias; ninguna provincia funcionaba mejor que las otras en todos los dominios. La novedosa adaptación del CM realizada en el Afganistán se ha revelado como un valioso instrumento para sintetizar el carácter multidimensional del desempeño de los servicios de salud, y está permitiendo a los administradores comparar el desempeño e identificar los puntos fuertes y las deficiencias en el contexto de ese país. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Le Ministère de la santé publique d'Afghanistan a mis au point une carte de pointage équilibrée (BSC) pour surveiller régulièrement les progrès de sa stratégie de délivrance d'un ensemble de services sanitaires de base. Bien que ce système soit souvent utilisé dans le domaine de la santé, il s'agit de sa première mise en oeuvre dans un pays en développement. La BSC afghane est le résultat d'un processus collaboratif visant principalement à traduire la stratégie et la mission du Ministère de la santé sous forme de vingt-neuf indicateurs et indices de référence clés, représentant six domaines différents des services de santé, et de deux mesures composites de performances associées. En l'absence de système d'information sanitaire systématique, la BSC 2004 pour l'Afghanistan a été mise au point à partir d'un échantillon stratifié et randomisé, constitué à partir de 617 établissements de santé, de 5719 observations d'interactions prestateur/patient et d'entretiens avec 5597 patients, 1553 agents de santé et 13843 ménages. A l'échelle nationale, la BSC a révélé que les services de santé atteignaient davantage les populations les plus pauvres que celles moins déshéritées et bénéficiaient plus aux femmes qu'aux hommes, deux préoccupations importantes pour les pouvoirs publics. Des insuffisances graves ont toutefois été relevées dans cinq domaines, notamment les conseils aux patients, les soins obstétricaux pendant l'accouchement, la surveillance des traitements antituberculeux et la mise en place de personnel, d'équipements et de conseils sanitaires opérationnels dans les villages. La BSC a également permis de mettre en évidence de fortes différences de performances entre les provinces, aucune d'entre elles n'obtenant des résultats systématiquement meilleurs que les autres dans tous les domaines. L'adaptation de la BSC au système de santé Afghan fournit un outil novateur et intéressant pour évaluer de manière synthétique les performances multidimensionnelles des services sanitaires et permet aux gestionnaires un « benchmarking « des performances et d'identifier les points forts et les faiblesses des services sanitaires en Afghanistan. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PUBLIC health KW - MEDICAL care KW - HEALTH facilities KW - CHILDBIRTH KW - PATIENTS KW - TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment KW - HEALTH education KW - COUNSELING KW - AFGHANISTAN N1 - Accession Number: 24198554; Peters, David H. 1; Email Address: dpeters@jhsph.edu Noor, Ayan Ahmed 2 Singh, Lakhwinder P. 3 Kakar, Faizullah K. 4 Hansen, Peter M. 1 Burnham, Gilbert 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. 2: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA. 3: Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, India. 4: Ministry of Public Health of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan.; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 85 Issue 2, p146; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: HEALTH facilities; Subject Term: CHILDBIRTH; Subject Term: PATIENTS; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS -- Treatment; Subject Term: HEALTH education; Subject Term: COUNSELING; Subject Term: AFGHANISTAN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24198554&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Tobias, Randall L. T1 - The United States and Japan: Partners in Hope. JO - DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management JF - DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management Y1 - 2007///Winter2007 VL - 29 IS - 1 M3 - Speech SP - 39 EP - 41 PB - Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management SN - 15320359 AB - The article presents a speech by Ambassador Randall L. Tobias, Director of United States Foreign Assistance and United States Agency for International Development Administrator, delivered at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Midwest U.S. and Japan in Indianapolis, Indiana on September 11, 2006. Tobias discusses the United States' efforts to refocus foreign aid and partner with Japan to deliver strategic assistance to regions that may present national security threats, and employ a strategic approach that will ensure a return on investment. KW - SECURITY management KW - NATIONAL security KW - JAPAN -- Foreign relations -- 1989- KW - UNITED States -- Foreign relations -- 21st century KW - TOBIAS, Randall L. N1 - Accession Number: 24391223; Tobias, Randall L. 1,2; Affiliation: 1: Director, United States Foreign Assistance 2: Administrator, United States Agency for International Development; Source Info: Winter2007, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p39; Subject Term: SECURITY management; Subject Term: NATIONAL security; Subject Term: JAPAN -- Foreign relations -- 1989-; Subject Term: UNITED States -- Foreign relations -- 21st century; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928110 National Security; People: TOBIAS, Randall L.; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Speech UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24391223&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2007-14048-005 AN - 2007-14048-005 AU - Landry, Tamara AU - Luginaah, Isaac AU - Maticka-Tyndale, Eleanor AU - Elkins, David T1 - Orphans in Nyanza, Kenya: Coping with the struggles of everyday life in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. JF - Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention in Children & Youth JO - Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention in Children & Youth JA - J HIV AIDS Prev Child Youth Y1 - 2007/// VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 98 CY - US PB - Haworth Press SN - 1553-8346 SN - 1553-8613 AD - Luginaah, Isaac, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Room 1409 Social Science Centre, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C2 N1 - Accession Number: 2007-14048-005. Other Journal Title: Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention & Education for Adolescents & Children. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Landry, Tamara; Faculty of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. Other Publishers: Taylor & Francis. Release Date: 20071022. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; Coping Behavior; HIV; Orphans; Stress. Minor Descriptor: African Cultural Groups; Death and Dying; Emotional Trauma; Group Discussion; Psychosocial Development. Classification: Psychosocial & Personality Development (2840); Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Kenya. Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100); School Age (6-12 yrs) (180); Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200). Methodology: Empirical Study; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 24. Issue Publication Date: 2007. AB - This paper examined the everyday challenges, stressors and coping strategies of orphans affected by HIV/AIDS in Nyanza, Kenya. A thematic analysis of six focus group discussions with orphans was guided by Stress and Coping Theoretical Framework. The orphans reported intense stress at the time of their parents' death with their immediate concern being who would care for them. Most orphans were separated from their siblings, and this separation only compounded the stressors and difficulties encountered by orphans. Orphans reported having problems with schooling and being treated differently as compared with the children of their caregivers. Orphans adopted various emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies, which were reinforced by financial and social support provided by their caregivers and community-based organizations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - HIV/AIDS KW - Kenya KW - orphans KW - stress KW - coping strategies KW - discussion groups KW - emotion-focused coping strategies KW - problem-focused coping strategies KW - 2007 KW - AIDS KW - Coping Behavior KW - HIV KW - Orphans KW - Stress KW - African Cultural Groups KW - Death and Dying KW - Emotional Trauma KW - Group Discussion KW - Psychosocial Development KW - 2007 U1 - Sponsor: Department for International Development (DFID), United Kingdom. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.1300/J499v08n01_05 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-14048-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - DElkins@usaid.gov UR - maticka@uwindsor.ca UR - iluginaa@uwo.ca UR - tamara.landry@sympatico.ca DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2009-00776-002 AN - 2009-00776-002 AU - Lovell, Camille Collins AU - Pappas-DeLuca, Katina A. AU - Kuhlmann, Anne K. Sebert AU - Koppenhaver, Todd AU - Kong, Sandra AU - Mooki, Maungo AU - Galavotti, Christine T1 - 'One day I might find myself HIV-positive like her': Audience involvement and identification with role models in an entertainment education radio drama in Botswana. JF - International Quarterly of Community Health Education JO - International Quarterly of Community Health Education JA - Int Q Community Health Educ Y1 - 2007/// VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 181 EP - 200 CY - US PB - Baywood Publishing SN - 0272-684X SN - 1541-3519 AD - Lovell, Camille Collins, 215 East Hill Rd., Brimfield, MA, US, 01010 N1 - Accession Number: 2009-00776-002. PMID: 19095586 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Lovell, Camille Collins; Axiom Research Management, VA, US. Other Publishers: Sage Publications. Release Date: 20090601. Correction Date: 20150126. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Audiences; Health Education; Radio; Role Models. Minor Descriptor: Drama; Health Promotion; HIV; Reproductive Health. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365); Mass Media Communications (2750). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Botswana. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Methodology: Empirical Study; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 20. Issue Publication Date: 2007. AB - Entertainment-education programs promote health and development goals throughout the world. This study looks specifically at a radio serial drama designed to provide behavioral role models for HIV prevention and reproductive health in Botswana as part of the behavior-change strategy, Modeling and Reinforcement to Combat HIV/AIDS (MARCH). The purpose of this qualitative study is to elucidate regular listeners' involvement and identification with three different types of fictional characters in the drama. Regular listeners were interviewed using a semi-structured guide; 31 interviews were analyzed to assess respondents' reactions to three female characters. The findings suggest that characters designed to be 'negative,' 'positive,' and 'transitional' (i.e., moving from negative to positive) role models were generally perceived as such and that the type of behavior modeled influenced whether a character was perceived to be transitional or positive. Audience members discussed the implications of specific behaviors by contrasting the different character types. Although characters modeled behaviors within distinct but interrelated storylines, the respondents spontaneously compared characters' ways of confronting similar dilemmas across storylines, suggesting that listeners perceived the drama as a unified whole rather than as a series of parallel stories. The use of more than one transitional character for each behavioral objective might be beneficial for improving audience identification with agents of behavior change by providing several models to which die audience can relate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - entertainment education KW - role models KW - audience involvement KW - audience identification KW - health promotion KW - HIV prevention KW - reproductive health KW - radio serial drama KW - 2007 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Audiences KW - Health Education KW - Radio KW - Role Models KW - Drama KW - Health Promotion KW - HIV KW - Reproductive Health KW - 2007 U1 - Sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.2190/IQ.28.3.b UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-00776-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - c@honduras.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - NEWS AU - Shelton, James D T1 - Confessions of a condom lover. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2006/12/02/ VL - 368 IS - 9551 M3 - Editorial SP - 1947 EP - 1949 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - This article presents an editorial on AIDS prevention. The author writes that he has a particular affinity to condom use because of its effectiveness in preventing disease transmission when used properly. The author also discusses abstinence and notes that adolescents, who are usually the target of such education are not the main transmitters of the disease, but rather people in their 20s and 30s have the highest instances of transmission. The author writes that other behaviors that must be targeted include the practice of multiple partners. The author notes that some people view condoms as a way to continue in risky sexual behavior, and that some long-term couples are unwilling to use condoms. KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Transmission KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - HEALTH education KW - SAFE sex KW - SEX education KW - SEXUALLY transmitted diseases KW - BEHAVIOR KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission N1 - Accession Number: 23259550; Shelton, James D 1; Email Address: JShelton@USAID.GOV; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 12/2/2006, Vol. 368 Issue 9551, p1947; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Transmission; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: HEALTH education; Subject Term: SAFE sex; Subject Term: SEX education; Subject Term: SEXUALLY transmitted diseases; Subject Term: BEHAVIOR; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69787-0 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23259550&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106121092 T1 - Confessions of a condom lover. AU - Shelton JD Y1 - 2006/12/02/ N1 - Accession Number: 106121092. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070720. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Female Condoms -- Utilization KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Africa KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Kenya KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Prostitution KW - Sexual Partners -- Evaluation KW - South Africa KW - Surveys SP - 1947 EP - 1949 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 368 North American Edition IS - 9551 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523; JShelton@USAID.GOV U2 - PMID: 17141688. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106121092&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thera, Mahamadou A. AU - Doumbo, Ogobara K. AU - Coulibaly, Drissa AU - Diallo, Dapa A. AU - Sagara, Issaka AU - Dicko, Alassane AU - Diemert, David J. AU - Heppner Jr., D. Gray AU - Stewart, V. Ann AU - Angov, Evelina AU - Soisson, Lorraine AU - Leach, Amanda AU - Tucker, Kathryn AU - Lyke, Kirsten E. AU - Plowe, Christopher V. T1 - Safety and Allele-Specific Immunogenicity of a Malaria Vaccine in Malian Adults: Results of a Phase I Randomized Trial. JO - PLoS Clinical Trials JF - PLoS Clinical Trials Y1 - 2006/11// VL - 3 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 0001 EP - 0008 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15555887 AB - Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and allele-specific immunogenicity of the blood-stage malaria vaccine FMP1/AS02A in adults exposed to seasonal malaria and the impact of natural infection on vaccine-induced antibody levels. Design: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase I clinical trial. Setting: Bandiagara, Mali, West Africa, is a rural town with intense seasonal transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Participants: Forty healthy, malaria-experienced Malian adults aged 18-55 y were enrolled. Interventions: The FMP1/AS02A malaria vaccine is a 42-kDa recombinant protein based on the carboxy-terminal end of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-142) from the 3D7 clone of P. falciparum, adjuvanted with AS02A. The control vaccine was a killed rabies virus vaccine (Imovax). Participants were randomized to receive either FMP1/AS02A or rabies vaccine at 0, 1, and 2 mo and were followed for 1 y. Outcome Measures: Solicited and unsolicited adverse events and allele-specific antibody responses to recombinant MSP-142 and its subunits derived from P. falciparum strains homologous and heterologous to the 3D7 vaccine strain were measured. Results: Transient local pain and swelling were more common in the malaria vaccine group than in the control group (11/20 versus 3/20 and 10/20 versus 6/20, respectively). MSP-142 antibody levels rose during the malaria transmission season in the control group, but were significantly higher in malaria vaccine recipients after the second immunization and remained higher after the third immunization relative both to baseline and to the control group. Immunization with the malaria vaccine was followed by significant increases in antibodies recognizing three diverse MSP-142 alleles and their subunits. Conclusions: FMP1/AS02A was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults exposed to intense seasonal malaria transmission and elicited immune responses to genetically diverse parasite clones. Anti-MSP-142 antibody levels followed a seasonal pattern that was significantly augmented and prolonged by the malaria vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Clinical Trials is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA vaccine KW - VACCINES KW - IMMUNE response KW - VACCINATION KW - WEST Africa N1 - Accession Number: 25002573; Thera, Mahamadou A. 1 Doumbo, Ogobara K. 1 Coulibaly, Drissa 1 Diallo, Dapa A. 1 Sagara, Issaka 1 Dicko, Alassane 1 Diemert, David J. 2 Heppner Jr., D. Gray 3 Stewart, V. Ann 3 Angov, Evelina 3 Soisson, Lorraine 4 Leach, Amanda 5 Tucker, Kathryn 6 Lyke, Kirsten E. 7 Plowe, Christopher V. 7; Email Address: cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu; Affiliation: 1: Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali 2: Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America 3: Department of Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America 4: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D. C., United States of America 5: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium 6: Statistics Collaborative, Washington, D. C., United States of America 7: Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 3 Issue 11, p0001; Subject Term: MALARIA vaccine; Subject Term: VACCINES; Subject Term: IMMUNE response; Subject Term: VACCINATION; Subject Term: WEST Africa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25002573&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Withers, Mark R. AU - McKinney, Denise AU - Ogutu, Bernhards R. AU - Waitumbi, John N. AU - Milman, Jessica B. AU - Apollo, Odika J. AU - Allen, Otieno G. AU - Tucker, Kathryn AU - Soisson, Lorraine A. AU - Diggs, Carter AU - Leach, Amanda AU - Wittes, Janet AU - Dubovsky, Filip AU - Stewart, V. Ann AU - Remich, Shon A. AU - Cohen, Joe AU - Ballou, W. Ripley AU - Holland, Carolyn A. AU - Lyon, Jeffrey A. AU - Angov, Evelina T1 - Safety and Reactogenicity of an MSP-1 Malaria Vaccine Candidate: A Randomized Phase Ib Dose-Escalation Trial in Kenyan Children. JO - PLoS Clinical Trials JF - PLoS Clinical Trials Y1 - 2006/11// VL - 3 IS - 11 M3 - Article SP - 0001 EP - 0013 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15555887 AB - Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an investigational malaria vaccine. Design: This was an age-stratified phase Ib, double-blind, randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial. Children were recruited into one of three cohorts (dosage groups) and randomized in 2:1 fashion to receive either the test product or a comparator. Setting: The study was conducted in a rural population in Kombewa Division, western Kenya. Participants: Subjects were 135 children, aged 12-47 mo. Interventions: Subjects received 10, 25, or 50 µg of falciparum malaria protein 1 (FMP1) formulated in 100, 250, and 500 µL, respectively, of AS02A, or they received a comparator (Imovax® rabies vaccine). Outcome Measures: We performed safety and reactogenicity parameters and assessment of adverse events during solicited (7 d) and unsolicited (30 d) periods after each vaccination. Serious adverse events were monitored for 6 mo after the last vaccination. Results: Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated. FMP1/AS02A recipients experienced significantly more pain and injection-site swelling with a dose-effect relationship. Systemic reactogenicity was low at all dose levels. Hemoglobin levels remained stable and similar across arms. Baseline geometric mean titers were comparable in all groups. Anti-FMP1 antibody titers increased in a dose-dependent manner in subjects receiving FMP1/AS02A; no increase in anti-FMP1 titers occurred in subjects who received the comparator. By study end, subjects who received either 25 or 50 µg of FMP1 had similar antibody levels, which remained significantly higher than that of those who received the comparator or 10 µg of FMP1. A longitudinal mixed effects model showed a statistically significant effect of dosage level on immune response (F3,1047 = 10.78, or F3, 995 = 11.22, p < 0.001); however, the comparison of 25 µg and 50 µg recipients indicated no significant difference (F1,1047 = 0.05; p = 0.82). Conclusions: The FMP1/AS02A vaccine was safe and immunogenic in malaria-exposed 12- to 47-mo-old children and the magnitude of immune response of the 25 and 50 µg doses was superior to that of the 10 µg dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of PLoS Clinical Trials is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA vaccine KW - VACCINES KW - DRUGS -- Effectiveness KW - IMMUNIZATION of children KW - KENYA N1 - Accession Number: 25002571; Withers, Mark R. 1,2; Email Address: mwithers@us.army.mil McKinney, Denise 1,2 Ogutu, Bernhards R. 1,2 Waitumbi, John N. 1,2 Milman, Jessica B. 3 Apollo, Odika J. 1,2 Allen, Otieno G. 1,2 Tucker, Kathryn 4 Soisson, Lorraine A. 5 Diggs, Carter 5 Leach, Amanda 6 Wittes, Janet 4 Dubovsky, Filip 7 Stewart, V. Ann 8 Remich, Shon A. 1,2 Cohen, Joe 6 Ballou, W. Ripley 6 Holland, Carolyn A. 8 Lyon, Jeffrey A. 8 Angov, Evelina 8; Affiliation: 1: United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya 2: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya 3: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America 4: Statistics Collaborative, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 5: Malaria Vaccine Development Program, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America 6: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium 7: MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America 8: Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 3 Issue 11, p0001; Subject Term: MALARIA vaccine; Subject Term: VACCINES; Subject Term: DRUGS -- Effectiveness; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION of children; Subject Term: KENYA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25002571&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2006-23096-002 AN - 2006-23096-002 AU - Williamson, John T1 - The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of child soldiers: Social and psychological transformation in Sierra Leone. T3 - Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of child soldiers JF - Intervention: International Journal of Mental Health, Psychosocial Work & Counselling in Areas of Armed Conflict JO - Intervention: International Journal of Mental Health, Psychosocial Work & Counselling in Areas of Armed Conflict JA - Intervention (Amstelveen) Y1 - 2006/11// VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 185 EP - 205 CY - Netherlands PB - War Trauma Foundation SN - 1571-8883 AD - Williamson, John, DCOF, North Tower, Suite 700, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Washington, DC, US, 20004 N1 - Accession Number: 2006-23096-002. Other Journal Title: Intervention: Journal of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Conflict Affected Areas. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Williamson, John; DCOF, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Other Publishers: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Release Date: 20070430. Correction Date: 20160526. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Military Personnel; Military Veterans; Psychology; Social Processes. Minor Descriptor: Reintegration. Classification: Social Processes & Social Issues (2900). Population: Human (10). Location: Sierra Leone. References Available: Y. Page Count: 21. Issue Publication Date: Nov, 2006. AB - This article gives an overview of the processes of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of child soldiers in Sierra Leone. In contrast to many other situations, in Sierra Leone there has been an effective, integrated response involving a large number of civil society organizations and committees as well as the government. Mine areas of intervention were identified as having contributed to successful family and community reintegration: community sensitization, formal disarmament and demobilization, a period of transition in an Interim Care Centre, tracing and family mediation, family reunification, traditional cleansing and healing ceremonies and religious support, school or skills training, ongoing access to health care for those in school or training, and individual supportive counselling, facilitation and encouragement. Most children who have been demobilized appear to be doing as well as other children in their community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - disarmament KW - demobilization KW - reintegration KW - child soldiers: social transformation KW - psychological transformation KW - Sierra Leone KW - 2006 KW - Military Personnel KW - Military Veterans KW - Psychology KW - Social Processes KW - Reintegration KW - 2006 DO - 10.1097/WTF.0b013e328011a7fb UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2006-23096-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - j.williamson@mindspring.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walsh, Michael T1 - Contracting the World Over: USAID's International Mission Gives Job New Dimensions. JO - Contract Management JF - Contract Management Y1 - 2006/08// VL - 46 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 66 EP - 67 SN - 01903063 AB - The article explains the competence of the contracting officers of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The competence of USAID contracting officers starts with familiarity with procurement rules and regulations. They are conversant in the intricacies of different types of contracts, such as personal services, grants and interagency agreements. They are also knowledgeable of the economic and political nuances of the region where they are assigned. KW - GOVERNMENT purchasing KW - CONTRACTS KW - OBLIGATIONS (Law) KW - GOVERNMENT contractors KW - LEGAL instruments KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 22413710; Walsh, Michael 1; Affiliations: 1: Chief Acquisition officer, United States Agency for International Development; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p66; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT purchasing; Thesaurus Term: CONTRACTS; Thesaurus Term: OBLIGATIONS (Law); Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT contractors; Subject Term: LEGAL instruments ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=22413710&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2006-11363-002 AN - 2006-11363-002 AU - Karnell, Aaron P. AU - Cupp, Pamela K. AU - Zimmerman, Rick S. AU - Feist-Price, Sonja AU - Bennie, Thola T1 - Efficacy of an American alcohol and HIV prevention curriculum adapted for use in South Africa: Results of a pilot study in five township schools. JF - AIDS Education and Prevention JO - AIDS Education and Prevention Y1 - 2006/08// VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 295 EP - 310 CY - US PB - Guilford Publications SN - 0899-9546 AD - Karnell, Aaron P., 2140 Dar es Salaam Place, Dulles, VA, US, 20189-2140 N1 - Accession Number: 2006-11363-002. PMID: 16961447 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Karnell, Aaron P.; U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20061023. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Feist-Price, Sonja. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Curriculum; School Based Intervention; Sex Education; Sobriety. Minor Descriptor: Alcohol Drinking Patterns; Intervention. Classification: Educational/Vocational Counseling & Student Services (3580); Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: South Africa. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200). Methodology: Empirical Study; Followup Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 16. Issue Publication Date: Aug, 2006. AB - The high prevalence of HIV among young people in African countries underscores a pressing need for effective prevention interventions. Adapting school-based prevention programs developed in the United States for use in African schools may present an alternative to the time-consuming process of developing home-grown programs. The researchers report the results of a pretest-posttest field trial of an alcohol/HIV prevention curriculum adapted from an American model and delivered to ninth-grade students in five South African township schools. The revised intervention was based primarily on the Project Northland alcohol prevention and Reducing the Risk safer sex programs. The researchers found significant differences in change from baseline to follow-up between students in intervention and comparison groups on intentions to use a condom; drinking before or during sex; and, among females, sex refusal self-efficacy. The results of the field trial suggest that behavioral interventions developed in Western countries may be rapidly adapted to work in other cultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - program efficacy KW - alcohol prevention KW - HIV prevention curriculum KW - South Africa KW - school-based prevention programs KW - interventions KW - safe sex programs KW - 2006 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Curriculum KW - School Based Intervention KW - Sex Education KW - Sobriety KW - Alcohol Drinking Patterns KW - Intervention KW - 2006 U1 - Sponsor: National Institutes of Health, US. Grant: AA10747-S2. Recipients: Feist-Price, Sonja (Prin Inv) DO - 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.4.295 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2006-11363-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - akarnell@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eyango, Vijitha T1 - USAID, education and conflict in Asia and the Near East. JO - Forced Migration Review JF - Forced Migration Review Y1 - 2006/07/02/Jul2006 Supplement VL - 1 M3 - Article SP - 26 EP - 27 PB - Forced Migration Review SN - 14609819 AB - The article discusses the emergency education programmes of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) for Asia and the Near East Region. It states that the education programmes of USAID have ranged from rebuilding education systems in Afghanistan to supporting the countries affected by the tsunami and post-earthquake Pakistan. USAID developed education programmes that immediately begin to restore order, create stability and regenerate public sector capacities. KW - EDUCATION KW - WAR & education KW - NATURAL disasters KW - FOREIGN aid to education KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 22713722; Eyango, Vijitha 1; Email Address: veyango@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Senior Education/Gender Advisor, USAID's Bureau for Asia and the Near East; Source Info: Jul2006 Supplement, Vol. 1, p26; Subject Term: EDUCATION; Subject Term: WAR & education; Subject Term: NATURAL disasters; Subject Term: FOREIGN aid to education; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22713722&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Kamwi, Richard AU - Kenyon, Thomas AU - NewtonDirector, Gary T1 - PEPFAR and HIV prevention in Africa. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2006/06/17/ VL - 367 IS - 9527 M3 - Letter SP - 1978 EP - 1979 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - The letter to the editor comments on an April 15 editorial about the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and asserts that the ABC approach (abstention, be faithful, use a condom) is evidence based and not PEPFAR driven. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention N1 - Accession Number: 21168187; Kamwi, Richard 1 Kenyon, Thomas 2; Email Address: kenyont@nacop.net NewtonDirector, Gary 3; Affiliation: 1: Minister of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia 2: Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Windhoek, Namibia 3: United States Agency for International Development, Windhoek, Namibia; Source Info: 6/17/2006, Vol. 367 Issue 9527, p1978; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68879-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21168187&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tawfik, Youssef AU - Nsungwa-Sabitii, Jesca AU - Greer, George AU - Owor, Joseph AU - Kesande, Rosette AU - Prysor-Jones, Suzanne T1 - Negotiating improved case management of childhood illness with formal and informal private practitioners in Uganda. JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health Y1 - 2006/06// VL - 11 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 967 EP - 973 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13602276 AB - Objective In Uganda, formal and informal private practitioners (PPs) provide most case management for childhood illness. This paper describes the impact of negotiation sessions, an intervention to improve the quality of PPs’ case management of childhood diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection and malaria in a rural district in Uganda. Method Negotiation sessions targeted PPs working at private clinics and drug shops. The aim was to improve key practices extracted from the national Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guidelines, and to measure the PPs’ performance before and after the intervention. Results Post-intervention the quality of case management for childhood diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection and malaria was generally better, although certain practices appeared resistant to change. We discovered various types of PPs who were mostly unregistered by the district authorities. Conclusions Results suggest the importance of maintaining ongoing monitoring and support to PPs to understand barriers to change and to encourage more practice improvement. Modifications to the intervention are needed to take it to scale and render it more sustainable. Getting local organizations and professional associations more involved could make it easier to establish and maintain contact with PPs. The government needs to simplify registration procedures and reduce associated fees to encourage PPs to register and thus be included in a large-scale intervention. Future interventions need to measure the impact on improving childhood case management at the community/household level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - JUVENILE diseases KW - DIARRHEA KW - RESPIRATORY infections KW - MALARIA KW - PHYSICIANS (General practice) KW - MEDICINE -- Practice KW - UGANDA KW - acute respiratory infection KW - child survival KW - diarrhoea KW - malaria KW - private practitioners KW - quality KW - Uganda N1 - Accession Number: 21023410; Tawfik, Youssef 1; Email Address: ytawfik@usaid.org Nsungwa-Sabitii, Jesca 2 Greer, George 3 Owor, Joseph 2 Kesande, Rosette 2 Prysor-Jones, Suzanne 4; Affiliation: 1: USAID, Washington DC, WA, USA 2: Child Health Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda 3: Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival (BASICS II) Project, Arlington, VA, USA 4: Support for Analysis and Research in Africa (SARA) Project, Academy for Educational Development, Washington DC, WA, USA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p967; Subject Term: JUVENILE diseases; Subject Term: DIARRHEA; Subject Term: RESPIRATORY infections; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: PHYSICIANS (General practice); Subject Term: MEDICINE -- Practice; Subject Term: UGANDA; Author-Supplied Keyword: acute respiratory infection; Author-Supplied Keyword: child survival; Author-Supplied Keyword: diarrhoea; Author-Supplied Keyword: malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: private practitioners; Author-Supplied Keyword: quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uganda; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01622.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21023410&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Runde, Dan T1 - How to make development partnerships work. JO - OECD Observer JF - OECD Observer Y1 - 2006/05// IS - 255 M3 - Article SP - 29 EP - 31 PB - Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development SN - 00297054 AB - The article focuses on the public-private alliance initiative of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in partnership with Nutriset, a French food company dedicated to humanitarian nutrition solutions. The partnership transfers knowledge and technology and helps to build the capacity for governments and people to face the challenge of malnutrition. On the other hand, USAID has worked with non-governmental organizations, foundations, and for-profit companies. KW - STRATEGIC alliances (Business) KW - NUTRITION disorders KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development KW - NUTRISET (Company) N1 - Accession Number: 21723022; Runde, Dan 1; Affiliations: 1: Director, Office of Global Development Alliances United States Agency for International Development; Issue Info: May2006, Issue 255, p29; Thesaurus Term: STRATEGIC alliances (Business); Subject Term: NUTRITION disorders; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development ; Company/Entity: NUTRISET (Company); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=21723022&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Halperin, Daniel T. AU - Wilson, David T1 - Has global HIV incidence peaked? JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2006/04/08/ VL - 367 IS - 9517 M3 - Article SP - 1120 EP - 1122 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - This article describes a report that HIV-1 prevalence is declining in young adults in India. Data shows that HIV incidence has peaked overall in Africa and HIV prevalence has declined in many African settings and elsewhere. Incidence is hard to measure, but prevalence in young people can provide a good indicator of new cases. The declines in prevalence and incidence appear to be related to behavioural changes and knowledge whether acquired through programmes or through common knowledge. Progress should be measured by incidence data rather than prevalence because of the lag time between the two. KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - HUMAN behavior KW - YOUNG adults KW - HIV infections KW - INDIA KW - AFRICA N1 - Accession Number: 20468263; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: JShelton@usaid.gov Halperin, Daniel T. 2 Wilson, David 3; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA 2: Southern Africa Regional HIV-AIDS Program, United States Agency for International Development, Mbabane, Swaziland 3: Global HIV/AIDS Program, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 4/8/2006, Vol. 367 Issue 9517, p1120; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: HUMAN behavior; Subject Term: YOUNG adults; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: INDIA; Subject Term: AFRICA; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20468263&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106299656 T1 - Has global HIV incidence peaked? AU - Shelton JD AU - Halperin DT AU - Wilson D Y1 - 2006/04/08/ N1 - Accession Number: 106299656. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070608. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; tables/charts. Original Study: Kumar R, Jha P, Arora P, Mony P, Bhatia P, Millson P, et al. Trends in HIV-1 in young adults in south India from 2000 to 2004: a prevalence study. (LANCET) 4/8/2006; 367 (9517): 1164-1172. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - World Health SP - 1120 EP - 1122 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 367 North American Edition IS - 9517 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. JShelton@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 16616543. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106299656&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newman, Robert D. AU - Moran, Allisyn C. AU - Kayentao, Kassoum AU - Benga-De, Elizabeth AU - Yameogo, Mathias AU - Gaye, Oumar AU - Faye, Ousmane AU - Lo, Youssoufa AU - Moreira, Philippe Marc AU - Doumbo, Ogobara AU - Parise, Monica E. AU - Steketee, Richard W. T1 - Prevention of malaria during pregnancy in West Africa: policy change and the power of subregional action. JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health Y1 - 2006/04// VL - 11 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 462 EP - 469 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13602276 AB - Background Despite a broadening consensus about the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) in preventing the adverse outcomes of malaria during pregnancy, policy change to IPTp was initially limited to East Africa. In West Africa, where the policy change process for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy started much later, IPTp has been taken up swiftly. Objective To describe the factors that contributed to the rapid adoption of policies to prevent malaria during pregnancy in West Africa. Results and Conclusion Several factors appear to have accelerated the process: (1) recognition of the extent of the problem of malaria during pregnancy and its adverse consequences; (2) a clear, evidence-based program strategy strongly articulated by an important multilateral organization (World Health Organization); (3) subregionally generated evidence to support the proposed strategy; (4) a subregional forum for dissemination of data and discussion regarding the proposed policy changes; (5) widespread availability of the proposed intervention drug (sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine); (6) technical support from reputable and respected institutions in drafting new policies and planning for implementation; (7) donor support for pilot experiences in integrating proposed policy change into a package of preventive services; and (8) financial support for scaling up the proposed interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MALARIA -- Prevention KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - PREVENTIVE medicine KW - PREGNANT women KW - PUBLIC health KW - WEST Africa KW - health policy KW - malaria KW - pregnancy KW - prevention KW - preventive therapy KW - Western Africa KW - África del Oeste KW - embarazo KW - malaria KW - política de salud KW - prevención KW - terapia preventiva KW - Afrique de l'ouest KW - grossesse KW - politique de santé KW - prévention KW - traitement pre'ventif N1 - Accession Number: 20238237; Newman, Robert D. 1; Email Address: rnewman@cdc.gov Moran, Allisyn C. 2 Kayentao, Kassoum 3 Benga-De, Elizabeth 4 Yameogo, Mathias 5 Gaye, Oumar 6 Faye, Ousmane 7 Lo, Youssoufa 8 Moreira, Philippe Marc 7 Doumbo, Ogobara 3 Parise, Monica E. 1 Steketee, Richard W. 1; Affiliation: 1: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 2: Maternal and Neonatal Health Program, JHPIEGO Corporation, Baltimore, MD, USA 3: Department of Epidemiology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Mali 4: United States Agency for International Development Mission to Senegal, Dakar, Senegal 5: Santé Maternelle et Neonatale, Koupéla, Burkina Faso 6: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal 7: Senegal Maternal Health and Family Planning Project, Management Sciences for Health, Dakar, Senegal 8: BASICS II Project, Dakar, Senegal; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p462; Subject Term: MALARIA -- Prevention; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: PREVENTIVE medicine; Subject Term: PREGNANT women; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: WEST Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: health policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: pregnancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: preventive therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Western Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: África del Oeste; Author-Supplied Keyword: embarazo; Author-Supplied Keyword: malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: política de salud; Author-Supplied Keyword: prevención; Author-Supplied Keyword: terapia preventiva; Author-Supplied Keyword: Afrique de l'ouest; Author-Supplied Keyword: grossesse; Author-Supplied Keyword: politique de santé; Author-Supplied Keyword: prévention; Author-Supplied Keyword: traitement pre'ventif; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01593.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20238237&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cassell, Michael M. AU - Halperin, Daniel T. AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Stanton, David T1 - Risk compensation: the Achilles' heel of innovations in HIV prevention? JO - BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition) JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition) Y1 - 2006/03/11/ VL - 332 IS - 7541 M3 - Article SP - 605 EP - 607 SN - 09598146 AB - The article discusses how successful methods of HIV prevention change the public perception of risk level and in turn cause risky sexual behaviour. Circumcision of men and antiretroviral drug treatment have prevented the number of AIDS deaths but have raised concern that preventive behaviours will decrease. Some gay men are even taking HIV drugs purposely so they can engage in risky sexual behavior. Prevention education is stressed as a possible solution. INSET: Seven lessons from Uganda's early response to HIV. KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - HUMAN sexuality KW - RISK perception KW - MEN -- Sexual behavior KW - WOMEN -- Sexual behavior KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - RISK-taking (Psychology) KW - PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects N1 - Accession Number: 20212765; Cassell, Michael M. 1; Email Address: mcassell@usaid.gov Halperin, Daniel T. 2 Shelton, James D. 3 Stanton, David 1; Affiliation: 1: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523-3700, USA 2: South African Regional HIV-AIDS Program, United States Agency for International Development, Mbabane, Swaziland 3: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; Source Info: 3/11/2006, Vol. 332 Issue 7541, p605; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: HUMAN sexuality; Subject Term: RISK perception; Subject Term: MEN -- Sexual behavior; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Sexual behavior; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: RISK-taking (Psychology); Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20212765&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106287425 T1 - Risk compensation: the Achilles' heel of innovations in HIV prevention? AU - Cassell MM AU - Halperin DT AU - Shelton JD AU - Stanton D Y1 - 2006/03/11/ N1 - Accession Number: 106287425. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070518. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101090866. KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Risk Taking Behavior -- Trends KW - Antiviral Agents -- Administration and Dosage KW - Antiviral Agents -- Therapeutic Use SP - 605 EP - 607 JO - BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition) JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition) JA - BMJ VL - 332 IS - 7541 PB - BMJ Publishing Group SN - 0959-8146 AD - Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523-3700, USA. mcassell@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 16528088. DO - 10.1136/bmj.332.7541.605 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106287425&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bradley A Woodruff AU - Heidi Michels Blanck AU - Laurence Slutsker AU - Susan T Cookson AU - Mary Kay Larson AU - Arabella Duffield AU - Rita Bhatia T1 - Anaemia, iron status and vitamin A deficiency among adolescent refugees in Kenya and Nepal. JO - Public Health Nutrition JF - Public Health Nutrition Y1 - 2006/02// VL - 9 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 26 EP - 34 SN - 13689800 AB - Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin<11.0 to 13.0 g dl−1 depending on age and sex group), iron deficiency (transferrin receptor concentration>8.3 μg ml−1) and vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol <0.7 μmol l−1) in adolescent refugees.Design: Cross-sectional surveys.Setting: Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya and seven refugee camps in Nepal.Subjects: Adolescent refugee residents in these camps.Results: Anaemia was present in 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42–51) of adolescents in Kenya and in 24% (95% CI: 20–28) of adolescents in Nepal. The sensitivity of palmar pallor in detecting anaemia was 21%. In addition, 43% (95% CI: 36–50) and 53% (95% CI: 46–61) of adolescents in Kenya and Nepal, respectively, had iron deficiency. In both surveys, anaemia occurred more commonly among adolescents with iron deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency was found in 15% (95% CI: 10–20) of adolescents in Kenya and 30% (95% CI: 24–37) of adolescents in Nepal. Night blindness was not more common in adolescents with vitamin A deficiency than in those without vitamin A deficiency. In Kenya, one of the seven adolescents with Bitot's spots had vitamin A deficiency.Conclusions: Anaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are common among adolescents in refugee populations. Such adolescents need to increase intakes of these nutrients; however, the lack of routine access makes programmes targeting adolescents difficult. Adolescent refugees should be considered for assessment along with other at-risk groups in displaced populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Public Health Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ANEMIA KW - VITAMIN A KW - REFUGEES KW - KENYA N1 - Accession Number: 19833952; Bradley A Woodruff 1 Heidi Michels Blanck 2 Laurence Slutsker 3 Susan T Cookson 4 Mary Kay Larson 5 Arabella Duffield 6 Rita Bhatia 7; Affiliation: 1: Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-25, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA 2: Chronic Disease Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 3: Malaria Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 4: State and Local Public Health Systems Branch, National Center for Health Marketing, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 5: Country Program Support Branch, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 6: Save the Children UK, London, UK 7: World Food Programme Regional Bureau for Asia, Bangkok, Thailand; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p26; Subject Term: ANEMIA; Subject Term: VITAMIN A; Subject Term: REFUGEES; Subject Term: KENYA; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19833952&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drain, Paul K AU - Halperin, Daniel T AU - Hughes, James P AU - Klausner, Jeffrey D AU - Bailey, Robert C T1 - Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases: an ecologic analysis of 118 developing countries. JO - BMC Infectious Diseases JF - BMC Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2006/01// VL - 6 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 172 EP - 10 PB - BioMed Central SN - 14712334 AB - Background: Both religious practices and male circumcision (MC) have been associated with HIV and other sexually-transmitted infectious diseases. Most studies have been limited in size and have not adequately controlled for religion, so these relationships remain unclear. Methods: We evaluated relationships between MC prevalence, Muslim and Christian religion, and 7 infectious diseases using country-specific data among 118 developing countries. We used multivariate linear regression to describe associations between MC and cervical cancer incidence, and between MC and HIV prevalence among countries with primarily sexual HIV transmission. Results: Fifty-three, 14, and 51 developing countries had a high (>80%), intermediate (20-80%), and low (<20%) MC prevalence, respectively. In univariate analyses, MC was associated with lower HIV prevalence and lower cervical cancer incidence, but not with HSV-2, syphilis, nor, as expected, with Hepatitis C, tuberculosis, or malaria. In multivariate analysis after stratifying the countries by religious groups, each categorical increase of MC prevalence was associated with a 3.65/100,000 women (95% CI 0.54-6.76, p = 0.02) decrease in annual cervical cancer incidence, and a 1.84-fold (95% CI 1.36-2.48, p < 0.001) decrease in the adult HIV prevalence among sub-Saharan African countries. In separate multivariate analyses among non-sub-Saharan African countries controlling for religion, higher MC prevalence was associated with a 8.94-fold (95% CI 4.30-18.60) decrease in the adult HIV prevalence among countries with primarily heterosexual HIV transmission, but not, as expected, among countries with primarily homosexual or injection drug use HIV transmission (p = 0.35). Conclusion: Male circumcision was significantly associated with lower cervical cancer incidence and lower HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, independent of Muslim and Christian religion. As predicted, male circumcision was also strongly associated with lower HIV prevalence among countries with primarily heterosexual HIV transmission, but not among countries with primarily homosexual or injection drug use HIV transmission. These findings strengthen the reported biological link between MC and some sexually transmitted infectious diseases, including HIV and cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Infectious Diseases is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - HIV infections KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission KW - MUSLIMS KW - CHRISTIANS KW - DEVELOPING countries N1 - Accession Number: 28796419; Drain, Paul K 1; Email Address: pkdrain@u.washington.edu Halperin, Daniel T 2; Email Address: dhalperin@usaid.gov Hughes, James P 3; Email Address: jphughes@u.washington.edu Klausner, Jeffrey D 4; Email Address: jeff.klausner@sfdph.org Bailey, Robert C 5; Email Address: rcbailey@uic.edu; Affiliation: 1: University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA 2: United States Agency for International Development, Southern Africa Regional HIV-AIDS Program, Mbabane, Swaziland 3: Center for AIDS and STD, University of Washington, Seattle, USA 4: San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, USA 5: Division of Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p172; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: MUSLIMS; Subject Term: CHRISTIANS; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1471-2334-6-172 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28796419&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pappas, Gregory AU - Wolf, R. Cameron AU - Morineau, Guy AU - Harding, Richard T1 - Validity of measures of pain and symptoms in HIV/AIDS infected households in resources poor settings: results from the Dominican Republic and Cambodia. JO - BMC Palliative Care JF - BMC Palliative Care Y1 - 2006/01// VL - 5 M3 - Article SP - 3 EP - 6 SN - 1472684X AB - Background: HIV/AIDS treatment programs are currently being mounted in many developing nations that include palliative care services. While measures of palliative care have been developed and validated for resource rich settings, very little work exists to support an understanding of measurement for Africa, Latin America or Asia. Methods: This study investigates the construct validity of measures of reported pain, pain control, symptoms and symptom control in areas with high HIV-infected prevalence in Dominican Republic and Cambodia Measures were adapted from the POS (Palliative Outcome Scale). Households were selected through purposive sampling from networks of people living with HIV/AIDS. Consistencies in patterns in the data were tested used Chi Square and Mantel Haenszel tests. Results: The sample persons who reported chronic illness were much more likely to report pain and symptoms compared to those not chronically ill. When controlling for the degrees of pain, pain control did not differ between the chronically ill and non-chronically ill using a Mantel Haenszel test in both countries. Similar results were found for reported symptoms and symptom control for the Dominican Republic. These findings broadly support the construct validity of an adapted version of the POS in these two less developed countries. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the selected measures can usefully be incorporated into population-based surveys and evaluation tools needed to monitor palliative care and used in settings with high HIV/AIDS prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of BMC Palliative Care is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PAIN KW - SYMPTOMS KW - HIV infections -- Treatment KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - DOMINICAN Republic KW - CAMBODIA N1 - Accession Number: 29437822; Pappas, Gregory 1; Email Address: gregory.pappas@aku.edu Wolf, R. Cameron 2; Email Address: cwolf@usaid.gov Morineau, Guy 3; Email Address: morineau@fhi.org.kh Harding, Richard 4; Email Address: richard.harding@kcl.ac.uk; Affiliation: 1: Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500 Stadium Road Karachi, Pakistan 2: United States Agency for International Development, Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington, DC, USA 3: Family Health International, Cambodia 4: Dept of Palliative Care & Policy, Guy's King's & St. Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 5, p3; Subject Term: PAIN; Subject Term: SYMPTOMS; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Treatment; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: DOMINICAN Republic; Subject Term: CAMBODIA; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1472-684X-5-3 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29437822&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dal Poz, Mario R. AU - Quain, Estelle E. AU - O'Neil, Mary AU - McCaffery, Jim AU - Elzinga, Gijs AU - Martineau, Tim T1 - Addressing the health workforce crisis: towards a common approach. JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health Y1 - 2006/01// VL - 4 M3 - Article SP - 21 EP - 4 SN - 14784491 AB - The challenges in the health workforce are well known and clearly documented. What is not so clearly understood is how to address these issues in a comprehensive and integrated manner that will lead to solutions. This editorial presents – and invites comments on – a technical framework intended to raise awareness among donors and multisector organizations outside ministries of health and to guide planning and strategy development at the country level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Human Resources for Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LABOR supply KW - STRATEGIC planning KW - SUPPLY & demand KW - LABOR costs KW - ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness KW - BUSINESS planning N1 - Accession Number: 28747944; Dal Poz, Mario R. 1,2; Email Address: DalPozM@who.int Quain, Estelle E. 3; Email Address: equain@usaid.gov O'Neil, Mary 4; Email Address: moneil@msh.org McCaffery, Jim 5; Email Address: jmccaffery@capacityproject.org Elzinga, Gijs 6; Email Address: gijs.elzinga@rivm.nl Martineau, Tim 7; Email Address: T.Martineau@liverpool.ac.uk; Affiliation: 1: Editor-in-Chief, Human Resources for Health online journal 2: Department of Human Resources for Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 3: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 4: Management Sciences for Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 5: Capacity Project, Intrahealth, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 6: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands 7: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 4, p21; Subject Term: LABOR supply; Subject Term: STRATEGIC planning; Subject Term: SUPPLY & demand; Subject Term: LABOR costs; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness; Subject Term: BUSINESS planning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561320 Temporary Help Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1186/1478-4491-4-21 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28747944&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Estimated Protection Too Conservative. JO - PLoS Medicine JF - PLoS Medicine Y1 - 2006/01// VL - 3 IS - 1 M3 - Letter SP - e EP - 0137 PB - Public Library of Science SN - 15491277 AB - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Randomized, Controlled Intervention Trial of Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk," in a 2005 issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - HIV infections N1 - Accession Number: 19541145; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: JShelton@USAID.Gov; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development Washington, D.C., United States of America; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 3 Issue 1, pe; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: HIV infections; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19541145&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2012-20027-008 AN - 2012-20027-008 AU - Morris, Chester N. AU - Levine, Barry AU - Goodridge, Gail AU - Luo, Nkandu AU - Ashley, Jeffrey T1 - Three-country assessment of alcohol-HIV related policy and programmematic responses in Africa. T3 - Substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa JF - African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies JO - African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies JA - Afr J Drug Alcohol Stud Y1 - 2006/// VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 169 EP - 184 CY - Nigeria PB - Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse SN - 1531-4065 AD - Morris, Chester N., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, US N1 - Accession Number: 2012-20027-008. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Morris, Chester N.; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, US. Release Date: 20120917. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS; Alcohol Drinking Patterns; Health Care Services; HIV; Health Care Policy. Minor Descriptor: Alcohol Abuse; Disease Transmission. Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Kenya; Rwanda; Zambia. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Interview; Focus Group; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 16. Issue Publication Date: 2006. Copyright Statement: CRISA Publications. 2006. AB - The significant role of alcohol in HIV transmission and treatment has not been addressed in Africa. Given the widespread use of alcohol in Africa and its impact on HIV/AIDS, decision makers are now recognizing that action is needed. The authors conducted a situational analysis of the relationships between alcohol and HIV in three sub-Saharan countries: Kenya, Zambia and Rwanda. Key findings emerging from these countries include: the importance of youth as a risk group for harmful use of alcohol and increased HIV risk; the lack of enforcement of laws relating to alcohol leading to increased HIV risk; the central role of traditional and informal alcohol production in alcohol use; the lack of alcohol screening tools in antiretroviral therapy (ART); and the lack of alcohol treatment availability especially linked to voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) and ART. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - alcohol KW - HIV KW - health policy KW - Africa KW - HIV transmission KW - risk KW - 2006 KW - AIDS KW - Alcohol Drinking Patterns KW - Health Care Services KW - HIV KW - Health Care Policy KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Disease Transmission KW - 2006 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-20027-008&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - drcnm@yahoo.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 105924545 T1 - A study of health facilities: implications for reproductive health and HIV/AIDS programs in Southern Sudan. AU - Mandal M AU - Purdin S AU - McGinn T Y1 - 2005/12// N1 - Accession Number: 105924545. Language: English. Entry Date: 20080111. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Health Promotion/Education; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance/USAID. NLM UID: 8010942. KW - Health Care Delivery -- Sudan KW - HIV Infections -- Sudan KW - Prevalence KW - Condoms KW - Drugs KW - Funding Source KW - Interviews KW - Rape KW - Stigma KW - Sudan KW - War KW - Human SP - 175 EP - 190 JO - International Quarterly of Community Health Education JF - International Quarterly of Community Health Education JA - INT Q COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUC VL - 24 IS - 3 CY - Thousand Oaks, California PB - Sage Publications Inc. AB - In October 2001, a pilot project to design strategies to reduce HIV/AIDS transmission and improve related reproductive health practices was initiated in southern Sudan. A health facility assessment was conducted in order to determine the type and scope of care given to clients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It was found that many health care practitioners did not have basic training in STI diagnosis and management, and no practitioner had training in the syndromic approach. Standardized drug kits received by public facilities did not provide enough STI drugs to serve the population. Private drug stores were the only facilities where condoms were available, though condoms were not sold to women who came to purchase them without their husbands. An adequately functioning health system will be difficult to achieve without ongoing training and supervision, adequate supplies and equipment, and proper rebuilding of infrastructure and systems, such as roads, communication, and education. SN - 0272-684X AD - Office of Population and Reproductive Health, 4909 7th Place, NE, Washington, D.C. 20017; MMandal@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 17686738. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105924545&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mermin, Jonathan AU - Bunnell, Rebecca AU - Lule, John AU - Opio, Alex AU - Gibbons, Amanda AU - Dybul, Mark AU - Kaplan, Jonathan T1 - Developing an evidence-based, preventive care package for persons with HIV in Africa. JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health Y1 - 2005/10// VL - 10 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 961 EP - 970 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13602276 AB - Currently, 95% of the 40 million persons with HIV live in low and middle income countries; 27 million in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death in the region, yet access to care and treatment considered standard-of-care in the industrialized world is extremely limited. There is a need for standardized, evidence-based recommendations on preventive measures. We developed a list of potential interventions based, when possible, on documented efficacy in reducing morbidity or mortality among persons with HIV in Africa. We considered the accessibility, affordability, and potential for implementation using existing health care infrastructure. Potential components included cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, safe drinking water, isoniazid prophylaxis, insecticide-treated bed nets, micronutrients, and provision of HIV counseling and testing and condoms to family members of persons with HIV. There are several additional interventions for which further evaluation would be useful before inclusion in a standard package of care, including acyclovir prophylaxis, food supplementation, hand washing, and fluconazole prophylaxis. The provision of a basic care package could be an important step toward reducing health care disparities and gaining more control of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - MEDICAL care KW - DRINKING water KW - MALE contraceptives KW - ANTIBIOTICS -- Testing KW - AFRICA KW - Africa KW - care KW - HIV KW - opportunistic infections KW - prevention KW - voluntary counselling and testing N1 - Accession Number: 18359593; Mermin, Jonathan 1 Bunnell, Rebecca 1 Lule, John 1 Opio, Alex 2 Gibbons, Amanda 3 Dybul, Mark 4 Kaplan, Jonathan 1; Affiliation: 1: CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, TB Prevention Centers, Disease Control, Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda. 2: Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. 3: United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA. 4: Office of US Global AIDS Coordinator, United States Department of State, Washington DC, USA.; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 10 Issue 10, p961; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: DRINKING water; Subject Term: MALE contraceptives; Subject Term: ANTIBIOTICS -- Testing; Subject Term: AFRICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: care; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV; Author-Supplied Keyword: opportunistic infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: voluntary counselling and testing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01488.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18359593&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Cassell, Michael M. AU - Adetunji, Jacob T1 - Is poverty or wealth at the root of HIV. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2005/09/24/ VL - 366 IS - 9491 M3 - Editorial SP - 1057 EP - 1058 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - Comments on the AIDS epidemic and the transmission of HIV. Finding of the Tanzania 2003-04 HIV/AIDS indicator survey that wealth, not poverty, correlates to HIV prevalence; Factors contributing to the positive relation between wealth and HIV risk, including the role of long-term concurrent or overlapping sexual partnerships that form networks in heterosexual epidemics; Indication from surveys in Tanzania and Kenya that the wealth-HIV link is stronger for women; Implication for HIV programs that promote fidelity as a social norm. KW - HIV-positive persons KW - RESEARCH KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission KW - SURVEYS KW - SOCIAL norms KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - RISK factors N1 - Accession Number: 18335467; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: JShelton@UNSAID.GOV Cassell, Michael M. 1 Adetunji, Jacob 1; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 9/24/2005, Vol. 366 Issue 9491, p1057; Subject Term: HIV-positive persons; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: SOCIAL norms; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: RISK factors; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67401-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18335467&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106346016 T1 - Is poverty or wealth at the root of HIV? AU - Shelton JD AU - Cassell MM AU - Adetunji J Y1 - 2005/09/24/ N1 - Accession Number: 106346016. Language: English. Entry Date: 20061013. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - HIV Infections -- Epidemiology KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sex Factors SP - 1057 EP - 1058 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 366 North American Edition IS - 9491 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523; JShelton@USAID.GOV U2 - PMID: 16182881. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106346016&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - GEN AU - Huck, Catherine AU - Dorji, R. K. AU - Mahi, K. Jawahar AU - Van Damme, Willy AU - Teo, John T1 - LETTERS. JO - Far Eastern Economic Review JF - Far Eastern Economic Review Y1 - 2005/09// VL - 168 IS - 8 M3 - Letter SP - 4 EP - 6 SN - 00147591 AB - Presents letters to the editor concerning economics. KW - ECONOMICS KW - LETTERS to the editor N1 - Accession Number: 18410099; Huck, Catherine 1; Dorji, R. K.; Mahi, K. Jawahar; Van Damme, Willy; Teo, John; Affiliations: 1: Officer-in-Charge, Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Geneva; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 168 Issue 8, p4; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=18410099&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kumar, Krishna T1 - Reflections on international political party assistance. JO - Democratization JF - Democratization Y1 - 2005/08// VL - 12 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 505 EP - 527 SN - 13510347 AB - For the past two decades, the international community has been providing assistance to political parties as part of its efforts to promote multi-party democracy in developing and transition societies. Its assistance programmes are designed to help political parties improve their organizational capacities, promote internal democracy, recruit women and minorities, and effectively participate in legislative processes. The programmes also support legal and regulatory reforms for effective functioning of parties. This article examines the nature and form of political party assistance given by the international community. It also raises a number of questions and issues concerning party assistance programmes. These are a lack of local ownership of assistance programmes; the possible negative impacts of financial and commodity assistance; limited technical expertise of donor and intermediary organizations; limited time horizon of assistance projects; partisanship nature of assistance; balancing political party and civil society assistance; and finally the relevance of the assistance models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Democratization is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLITICAL parties KW - DEMOCRACY KW - POLITICAL science KW - CIVIL society KW - WOMEN & democracy KW - DEMOCRATIZATION KW - ECONOMIC development KW - democracy assistance KW - foreign aid KW - political parties N1 - Accession Number: 18448664; Kumar, Krishna 1; Email Address: Kkumar@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Senior social scientist, Center for Development Information and Evaluation, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p505; Subject Term: POLITICAL parties; Subject Term: DEMOCRACY; Subject Term: POLITICAL science; Subject Term: CIVIL society; Subject Term: WOMEN & democracy; Subject Term: DEMOCRATIZATION; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; Author-Supplied Keyword: democracy assistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: foreign aid; Author-Supplied Keyword: political parties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813940 Political Organizations; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/13510340500226051 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18448664&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Conde-Agudelo, Agustin AU - Belizán, José M. AU - Norton, Maureen H. AU - Rosas-Bermúdez, Anyeli T1 - Effect of the Interpregnancy Interval on Perinatal Outcomes in Latin America. JO - Obstetrics & Gynecology JF - Obstetrics & Gynecology Y1 - 2005/08// VL - 106 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 359 EP - 366 SN - 00297844 AB - Objective: To estimate whether interpregnancy interval is independently associated with increased risk of perinatal death and other adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: We investigated the effect of interpregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes in 1,125,430 pregnancies recorded in the Perinatal Information System database of the Latin American Center for Perinatology and Human Development, Montevideo, Uruguay, between 1985 and 2004. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for 16 major confounding factors using multiple logistic regression models. Results: Compared with infants with interpregnancy intervals of 18-23 months, those born to women with intervals shorter than 6 months had an increased risk of early neonatal death (adjusted OR 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.96), fetal death (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28–1.83), low birth weight (adjusted OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.78–1.90), very low birth weight (adjusted OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.73–2.31), preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.71–1.89), very preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.67–2.26), and small for gestational age (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.25–1.36). Intervals of 6–11 months and 60 months and longer were also associated with a significantly greater risk for the 7 adverse perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: In Latin America, interpregnancy intervals shorter than 12 months and longer than 59 months are independently associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. These data suggest that spacing pregnancies appropriately could prevent perinatal deaths and other adverse perinatal outcomes in the developing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PREGNANCY KW - PERINATAL death KW - OUTCOME assessment (Medical care) KW - LOGISTIC regression analysis KW - NEWBORN infants -- Death KW - BIRTH weight N1 - Accession Number: 18199202; Conde-Agudelo, Agustin 1,2,3,4,5; Email Address: condeagu@uniweb.net.co Belizán, José M. 1,2,3,4,5 Norton, Maureen H. 1,2,3,4,5 Rosas-Bermúdez, Anyeli 1,2,3,4,5; Affiliation: 1: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia 2: Latin American Center for Perinatology and Human Development (CLAP), Division of Health Promotion and Protection, Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Montevideo, Uruguay 3: Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC 5: Universidad Autonoma de Occidente, Cali, Colombia; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 106 Issue 2, p359; Subject Term: PREGNANCY; Subject Term: PERINATAL death; Subject Term: OUTCOME assessment (Medical care); Subject Term: LOGISTIC regression analysis; Subject Term: NEWBORN infants -- Death; Subject Term: BIRTH weight; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18199202&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shaaban, Layla M AU - Harbison, Sarah T1 - Reaching the tipping point against female genital mutilation. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2005/07/30/ VL - 366 IS - 9483 M3 - Article SP - 347 EP - 349 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - Presents the author's views on female genital mutilation. Review of how the practice is a deeply rooted cultural practice in more than twenty-eight African countries and parts of the Middle East and Asia; Cultural reasons why the practice is still supported; Potential risk of infection associated with the practice; Importance of teaching why the practice should be stopped. KW - FEMALE genital mutilation KW - CIRCUMCISION KW - FERTILITY KW - SOCIAL aspects KW - AFRICA KW - MIDDLE East N1 - Accession Number: 17744362; Shaaban, Layla M 1; Email Address: lshaaban@usaid.gov Harbison, Sarah 1; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 7/30/2005, Vol. 366 Issue 9483, p347; Subject Term: FEMALE genital mutilation; Subject Term: CIRCUMCISION; Subject Term: FERTILITY; Subject Term: SOCIAL aspects; Subject Term: AFRICA; Subject Term: MIDDLE East; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67003-1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17744362&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106471342 T1 - Reaching the tipping point against female genital mutilation. AU - Shaaban LM AU - Harbison S Y1 - 2005/07/30/ N1 - Accession Number: 106471342. Language: English. Entry Date: 20060714. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; tables/charts. Original Study: Almroth L, Elmusharaf S, El Hadi N, Obeid A, El Sheikh MAA, Elfadil SM, et al. Primary infertility after genital mutilation in girlhood in Sudan: a case-control study. (LANCET) 7/30/2005; 366 (9483): 385-391. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Adult KW - Circumcision, Female -- Adverse Effects KW - Circumcision, Female -- Trends KW - Female KW - Sudan SP - 347 EP - 349 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 366 North American Edition IS - 9483 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC 20523; lshaaban@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 16054923. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106471342&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, Oona AU - Gipson, Reginald AU - Issa, Adel Hakim AU - Matta, Nahed AU - El Deeb, Bothina AU - El Mohandes, Ayman AU - Alwen, Anna AU - Mansour, Esmat T1 - National maternal mortality ratio in Egypt halved between 1992-93 and 2000. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2005/06// VL - 83 IS - 6 M3 - Article SP - 462 EP - 471 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Two surveys of maternal mortality conducted in Egypt, in 1992-93 and in 2000, collected data from a representative sample of health bureaus covering all of Egypt, except for five frontier governorates which were covered only by the later survey, using the vital registration forms. The numbers of maternal deaths were determined and interviews conducted. The medical causes of death and avoidable factors were determined. Results showed that the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) had dropped by 52% within that period (from 174 to 84/100 000 live births). The National Maternal Mortality Survey in 1992-93 (NMMS) revealed that the metropolitan areas and Upper Egypt had a higher MMR than Lower Egypt. In response to these results, the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) intensified the efforts of its Safe Motherhood programmes in Upper Egypt with the result that the regional situation had reversed in 2000. Consideration of the intermediate and outcome indicators suggests that the greatest effect of maternal health interventions was on the death-related avoidable factors "substandard care by health providers" and "delays in recognizing problems or seeking medical care". The enormous improvements in these areas are certainly due in part to extensive training, revised curricula, the publication of medical protocols and services standards, the upgrading of facilities, and successful community outreach programmes and media campaigns. The impact on the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) has been less successful. Other areas that remain problematic are inadequate supplies of blood, drugs and equipment. Although the number of maternal deaths linked to haemorrhage has been drastically reduced, it remains the primary cause. The drop in maternal mortality in the 1990s in response to Safe Motherhood programmes was impressive and the ability to tailor interventions based on the data from the NMMS of 1992-93 and 2000 was clearly demonstrated. To ensure the continuing availability of information to guide and evaluate programmes for reducing maternal mortality, an Egyptian national maternal mortality surveillance system is being developed. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - En dos encuestas sobre la mortalidad materna realizadas en Egipto en 1992-1993 y en 2000, se emplearon los formularios del registro civil para reunir datos de una muestra representativa de oficinas sanitarias que abarcaban todo Egipto, salvo cinco prefecturas fronterizas incluidas solo en la ultima encuesta. Se determino el numero de defunciones maternas y se realizaron entrevistas. Se determinaron asimismo las causas medicas de defuncion y los factores evitables. Los resultados indican que la razon de mortalidad materna (RMM) disminuyo un 52% en ese periodo (de 174 a 84/100 000 nacidos vivos). La Encuesta Nacional de Mortalidad Materna correspondiente a 1992-1993 revelo que las zonas metropolitanas y el Alto Egipto tenian una RMM mayor que el Bajo Egipto. En respuesta a esos resultados, el Ministerio de Salud y Poblacion redoblo los esfuerzos de sus programas de Maternidad sin Riesgo en el Alto Egipto, como consecuencia de lo cual en el ano 2000 la situacion regional se habia invertido. El analisis de los indicadores intermedios y de resultados lleva a pensar que el mayor efecto de las intervenciones de salud maternal fue el que acusaron los factores de defuncion evitables descritos como atencion inferior a la norma por los proveedores de salud y demoras en el reconocimiento de los problemas o la busqueda de atencion medica (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Dans le cadre de deux enquetes sur la mortalite maternelle realisees en Egypte en 1992-93 et en 2000, des donnees ont ete recueillies aupres d'un echantillon representatif de bureaux de sante couvrant toute l'Egypte, a l'exception de cinq gouvernorats frontaliers couverts uniquement par l'enquete ulterieure, au moyen des formulaires sur les donnees d'etat civil. Le nombre des deces maternel a ete determine et des entretiens ont ete organises. Les causes medicales des deces et les facteurs evitables ont ete determines. Les resultats ont fait apparaitre une baisse de 52% du taux de mortalite maternelle au cours de cette periode (de 174 a 84/100 000 naissances vivantes). L'enquete nationale sur la mortalite maternelle de 1992-1993 a montre que le taux etait plus eleve dans les zones metropolitaines et en Haute Egypte qu'en Basse Egypte. Face a ces resultats, le Ministere egyptien de la sante et de la population a intensifie les activites de ses programmes pour une maternite sans risque en Haute Egypte et la situation dans cette region s'etait inversee en 2000. Les indicateurs intermediaries et de resultat indiquent que les interventions de sante maternelle ont surtout influe sur les facteurs de mortalite evitables mauvaise qualite des soins dispenses et reconnaissance tardive des problemes ou recours tardif aux soins (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MATERNAL mortality KW - PREGNANCY complications KW - HEALTH surveys KW - MOTHERHOOD KW - MEDICAL care KW - EGYPT KW - Cause of death KW - Egypt KW - Maternal health services KW - Maternal mortality/trends KW - Prenatal care/standards KW - Risk factors KW - Atención prenatal/normas KW - Causa de muerte KW - Egipto KW - Factores de riesgo KW - Mortalidad maternal/tendencies KW - Servicios de salud materna KW - Cause décès KW - Egypte KW - Facteur risque KW - Mortalité maternelle/orientations KW - Service santé maternelle KW - Soins prénataux/normes N1 - Accession Number: 17413453; Campbell, Oona 1 Gipson, Reginald 2; Email Address: rgipson@jsiegypt.com Issa, Adel Hakim 3 Matta, Nahed 4 El Deeb, Bothina 5 El Mohandes, Ayman 6 Alwen, Anna 2 Mansour, Esmat 7; Affiliation: 1: Maternal and Child Health Care, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England 2: John Snow, Inc., 21 Misr Helwan Agricultural Road, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt 3: National Maternal Mortality Study, John Snow, Inc., Cairo, Egypt 4: Healthy Mother/Healthy Child Team Project, United States Agency for International Development, Cairo, Egypt 5: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Cairo, Egypt 6: Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA 7: Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 83 Issue 6, p462; Subject Term: MATERNAL mortality; Subject Term: PREGNANCY complications; Subject Term: HEALTH surveys; Subject Term: MOTHERHOOD; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: EGYPT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cause of death; Author-Supplied Keyword: Egypt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal health services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maternal mortality/trends; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prenatal care/standards; Author-Supplied Keyword: Risk factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atención prenatal/normas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Causa de muerte; Author-Supplied Keyword: Egipto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Factores de riesgo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mortalidad maternal/tendencies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Servicios de salud materna; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cause décès; Author-Supplied Keyword: Egypte; Author-Supplied Keyword: Facteur risque; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mortalité maternelle/orientations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Service santé maternelle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soins prénataux/normes; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17413453&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, Knowlton AU - Kennedy, Stephen B. AU - Harris, Albert O. AU - Lincoln, Adams AU - Neace, William AU - Collins, David T1 - Strengthening the HIV/AIDS service delivery system in Liberia: an international research capacity-building strategy. JO - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice JF - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice Y1 - 2005/06// VL - 11 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 257 EP - 273 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 13561294 AB - Liberia's prolonged post-conflict transition has negatively impacted its health infrastructure, including the functioning of its health care delivery system. Considering the current national health crises, a study was conducted to identify research gaps and the need to propose changes for improving the health care delivery system in the country. The study results clearly demonstrated a lack of HIV/AIDS research infrastructure including organizational structure, linkages, leadership, champions, expertise, resources, and policies and procedures. Alignment of research needs and practice, and research use to support HIV/AIDS service delivery programmes in the country was also limited. An international research capacity-building partnership is proposed as an effective planned change strategy to strengthen HIV/AIDS-related research infrastructure and to inform management and practice within the Liberian HIV/AIDS service delivery system. A proposed capacity-building planning model can also strengthen research infrastructure and the production and use of research to positively impact the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Liberia and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - HIV infections KW - MEDICAL care KW - MEDICAL research KW - RESEARCH KW - LIBERIA KW - HIV/AIDS KW - international KW - Liberia KW - planning KW - research capacity building N1 - Accession Number: 16893980; Johnson, Knowlton 1; Email Address: kwjohnson@pire.org Kennedy, Stephen B. 1 Harris, Albert O. 2,3 Lincoln, Adams 4 Neace, William 1 Collins, David 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation (PIRE), Louisville Center, Louisville, KY, USA 2: National AIDS/STD Control Program (NACP), Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia 3: A. M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia 4: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-Liberia, Mamba Point, Monrovia, Liberia; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p257; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LIBERIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV/AIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: international; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liberia; Author-Supplied Keyword: planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: research capacity building; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2005.00532.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16893980&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norton, M. T1 - New evidence on birth spacing: promising findings for improving newborn, infant, child, and maternal health JO - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics JF - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Y1 - 2005/04/02/Apr2005 Supplement 1 VL - 89 M3 - editorial SP - S1 EP - S6 SN - 00207292 AB - Abstract: This editorial summarizes new evidence, some of which is published in this supplement, on birth spacing and newborn, infant, child and maternal health, as well as the demand for birth spacing services in the developing world. The article points to the high number of annual infant, child and maternal deaths, low birth weight infants and malnourished infants and children in developing countries. It highlights several new findings on birth spacing relevant to these conditions: [–] for infants and children under five years of age, births spaced at least 36 months apart are associated with the lowest mortality risk; [–] birth to conception intervals of less than 6 months, as well as abortion-pregnancy intervals of less than 6 months, are associated with increased risk of pre-term births, low birth weight and small for gestational age; [–] birth to conception intervals of less than 6 months are associated with increased risk of maternal mortality and morbidity. It argues that, in light of the new evidence, birth spacing is an important, feasible and practical intervention to address these conditions and should be included in developing country health programs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHILDREN -- Health KW - BIRTH weight KW - OBSTETRICS -- Surgery KW - BIRTH control KW - Abortion KW - Birth spacing KW - Child KW - Family planning KW - Infant KW - Low birth weight KW - Morbidity KW - Mortality KW - Mother KW - Newborn KW - Pre-term birth N1 - Accession Number: 17643319; Norton, M. 1; Email Address: mnorton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Ronald Reagan Building Rm. 3.6, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20523-3600, USA; Source Info: Apr2005 Supplement 1, Vol. 89, pS1; Subject Term: CHILDREN -- Health; Subject Term: BIRTH weight; Subject Term: OBSTETRICS -- Surgery; Subject Term: BIRTH control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Abortion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Birth spacing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Child; Author-Supplied Keyword: Family planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low birth weight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morbidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mother; Author-Supplied Keyword: Newborn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pre-term birth; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: editorial L3 - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.12.012 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17643319&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marchione, Thomas J. T1 - Interactions with the Recipient Community in Targeted Food and Nutrition Programs. JO - Journal of Nutrition JF - Journal of Nutrition Y1 - 2005/04// VL - 135 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 886 EP - 889 SN - 00223166 AB - This article explores the relation between targeted nutrition and food assistance programs and the recipient communities. The author begins by suggesting that the renewed current emphasis on targeting has resulted from the high cost of universal entitlements in poor countries and from the need to increase the food security and resilience of the poor in these countries. They stress the fundamental human tight of communities to have involvement in all steps of program targeting as elemental to good democratic governance. Next, the article reviews the issues surrounding different levels of community involvement in the components of program targeting, namely needs assess merit, definition and implementation of eligibility criteria, delivery of services and benefits, and monitoring and evaluation of results. Four types of targeting eligibility are described: self-targeting, means tested, cetegorical, and community based. It is noted that the type and the level of engagement of programs with communities depends on whose concept of community welfare is being pursued (the development summit's or the community's), and on how broadly nutrition improvement is defined. Examples are used to illustrate the potentially severe consequences of ignoring community governance and social structures in the targeting of programs. A framework is then presented with important variables to consider when planning a targeted program: state governance contexts, the nature of the local community's institutions of governance, the ratio of the need to the available benefit, and the stability of the context. Finally, the article presents recommendations for tilling in the large research gaps on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FOOD relief KW - NUTRITION KW - PUBLIC health KW - PUBLIC welfare KW - DIETETICS KW - COMMUNITY health services KW - community KW - food aid KW - governance KW - nutrition KW - targeting N1 - Accession Number: 16798493; Marchione, Thomas J. 1; Email Address: TMarchione@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20002; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 135 Issue 4, p886; Subject Term: FOOD relief; Subject Term: NUTRITION; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: PUBLIC welfare; Subject Term: DIETETICS; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health services; Author-Supplied Keyword: community; Author-Supplied Keyword: food aid; Author-Supplied Keyword: governance; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: targeting; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621494 Community health centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911420 International assistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624210 Community Food Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923130 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16798493&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lowry, Kem AU - White, Alan AU - Courtney, Catherine T1 - National and local agency roles in integrated coastal management in the Philippines JO - Ocean & Coastal Management JF - Ocean & Coastal Management Y1 - 2005/03// VL - 48 IS - 3-6 M3 - Article SP - 314 EP - 335 SN - 09645691 AB - Abstract: Coastal management in the Philippines has evolved over the last 30 years with a progression towards more integrated forms of management and decentralization of authority to local governments. A framework for assessing key components of decentralization is outlined and applied to Philippine coastal management. Local management is assessed in terms of legal authority to engage in effective management, capacity to manage effectively and the availability of resources for management. The political commitment of local officials, the availability and use of inter-governmental coordination mechanisms and means for assuring accountability are also examined. The assessment indicates that much has been accomplished in building a framework for effective local coastal management, but much remains to be done. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Ocean & Coastal Management is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - State governments KW - Federal government KW - Intergovernmental fiscal relations KW - Management N1 - Accession Number: 18101426; Lowry, Kem 1; Email Address: lowry@hawaii.edu; White, Alan 2; Email Address: awhite@mozcom.com; Courtney, Catherine 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Saunders 107, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 2: Tetra Tech EM Inc., Fisheries Improved for Sustainable Harvest Project supported by the United States Agency of International Development, 5th Floor, CIFC Tower, Cebu, Philippines; 3: Tetra Tech EM Inc., 2828 Paa St., Suite 3080, Honolulu, HI 96819, USA; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 48 Issue 3-6, p314; Subject Term: State governments; Subject Term: Federal government; Subject Term: Intergovernmental fiscal relations; Subject Term: Management; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.04.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=18101426&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Birth spacing and neonatal mortality. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2005/01/29/ VL - 365 IS - 9457 M3 - Article SP - 383 EP - 383 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "Effect of participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial," by D.S. Manandhar, D. Osrin, B.P. Shrestha, et al., in the September 11, 2004 issue. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - NEONATAL mortality N1 - Accession Number: 15841867; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@USAID.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 2523, USA; Source Info: 1/29/2005, Vol. 365 Issue 9457, p383; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: NEONATAL mortality; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15841867&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Veit, Peter AU - Wilshusen, Peter R. AU - Anderson, Jon AU - Benjamin, Charles E. AU - Campbell, Bruce AU - Tumushabe, Godber AU - Nshala, Rugemeleza AU - Lynch, Owen T1 - From Colleagues on Three Continents. JO - World Watch JF - World Watch Y1 - 2005/01//Jan/Feb2005 VL - 18 IS - 1 M3 - Letter SP - 11 EP - 11 PB - Worldwatch Institute SN - 08960615 AB - Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "A Challenge to Conservationists," by Mac Chapin in the November/December 2004 issue of "World Watch." KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - CONSERVATIONISTS N1 - Accession Number: 15420184; Veit, Peter 1 Wilshusen, Peter R. 2 Anderson, Jon 3 Benjamin, Charles E. 4 Campbell, Bruce 5,6 Tumushabe, Godber 7 Nshala, Rugemeleza 8 Lynch, Owen 9; Affiliation: 1: Regional Director for Africa, World Resources Institute (Washington, D. C.) 2: Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies, Bucknell University (Lewisburg, Pa.) 3: Natural Resource Policy Advisor, United States Agency for International Development (Washington, D.C.) 4: International Resources Group (Washington, D.C.) 5: Professor of Environmental Studies, Charles Darwin University (Australia) 6: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) 7: Executive Director, Advocates for Environment and Development (Uganda) 8: Masters Candidate in Environmental Management, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies 9: Senior Attorney, Center for International Environmental Law (Washington, D. C.); Source Info: Jan/Feb2005, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p11; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: CONSERVATIONISTS; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 489 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15420184&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2006-21104-002 AN - 2006-21104-002 AU - Mandal, Mahua AU - Purdin, Susan AU - McGinn, Therese T1 - A study of health facilities: Implications for reproductive health and HIV/AIDS programs in southern Sudan. JF - International Quarterly of Community Health Education JO - International Quarterly of Community Health Education JA - Int Q Community Health Educ Y1 - 2005///2005-2006 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 175 EP - 190 CY - US PB - Baywood Publishing SN - 0272-684X SN - 1541-3519 AD - Mandal, Mahua, 4909 7th Place NE, Washington, DC, US, 20017 N1 - Accession Number: 2006-21104-002. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Mandal, Mahua; Office of Population and Reproductive Health, US. Other Publishers: Sage Publications. Release Date: 20061127. Correction Date: 20150126. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Health Care Services; HIV; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Treatment Facilities. Minor Descriptor: Condoms; Diagnosis; Health; Infectious Disorders; Sexual Reproduction; Reproductive Health. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Sudan. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 16. Issue Publication Date: 2005-2006. AB - In October 2001, a pilot project to design strategies to reduce HIV/AIDS transmission and improve related reproductive health practices was initiated in southern Sudan. A health facility assessment was conducted in order to determine the type and scope of care given to clients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It was found that many health care practitioners did not have basic training in STI diagnosis and management, and no practitioner had training in the syndromic approach. Standardized drug kits received by public facilities did not provide enough STI drugs to serve the population. Private drug stores were the only facilities where condoms were available, though condoms were not sold to women who came to purchase them without their husbands. An adequately functioning health system will be difficult to achieve without ongoing training and supervision, adequate supplies and equipment, and proper rebuilding of infrastructure and systems, such as roads, communication, and education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - health facilities assessment KW - client care KW - reproductive health KW - HIV transmission KW - southern Sudan KW - health practices KW - sexually transmitted infections KW - 2005 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Health Care Services KW - HIV KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases KW - Treatment Facilities KW - Condoms KW - Diagnosis KW - Health KW - Infectious Disorders KW - Sexual Reproduction KW - Reproductive Health KW - 2005 U1 - Sponsor: US Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated DO - 10.2190/9AL0-ADK5-T7GQ-G6T7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2006-21104-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - MMandal@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Peterson, E. Anne T1 - The imperative for family planning in ART in Africa. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2004/11/27/ VL - 364 IS - 9449 M3 - Article SP - 1916 EP - 1918 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - Calls on the international health community to support efforts to make contraception available to women on antiretroviral drugs. Initiative in Africa for providing antiretroviral therapy to HIV patients; Challenges including overcoming AIDS-related stigma; Indication that women are more likely to be infected with HIV than men are; The need for effective family planning which can lead to social and economic benefits; Concern about harming the fetus in utero with antriretrovirals and about maternal-to-child transmission; Classes of antiretroviral drugs; The issues of mitochondrial toxicity and low birthweight in babies of HIV-positive women; Advantages from linking family planning and antiretroviral-drug services. KW - HIV-positive women KW - HEALTH KW - CONTRACEPTION KW - HIV-positive persons -- Medical care KW - BIRTH control KW - WOMEN -- Health KW - WORLD health KW - ANTIRETROVIRAL agents KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Transmission KW - PREVENTION KW - EFFECT of drugs on the fetus KW - AFRICA N1 - Accession Number: 15213638; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov Peterson, E. Anne 1; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 11/27/2004, Vol. 364 Issue 9449, p1916; Subject Term: HIV-positive women; Subject Term: HEALTH; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTION; Subject Term: HIV-positive persons -- Medical care; Subject Term: BIRTH control; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Health; Subject Term: WORLD health; Subject Term: ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Transmission; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: EFFECT of drugs on the fetus; Subject Term: AFRICA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15213638&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106637425 T1 - The imperative for family planning in ART in Africa. AU - Shelton JD AU - Peterson EA Y1 - 2004/11/27/ N1 - Accession Number: 106637425. Language: English. Entry Date: 20050527. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Antiviral Agents -- Administration and Dosage -- Africa KW - Contraception KW - Family Planning -- Africa KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Africa KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Drug Therapy KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Male KW - Pregnancy SP - 1916 EP - 1918 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 364 North American Edition IS - 9449 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523; jshelton@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 15566991. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106637425&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2004-21471-003 AN - 2004-21471-003 AU - Shelon, James D. AU - Peterson, E. Anne T1 - The imperative for family planning in ART in Africa. JF - The Lancet JO - The Lancet JA - Lancet Y1 - 2004/11// VL - 364 IS - 9449 SP - 1916 EP - 1918 CY - United Kingdom PB - Lancet SN - 0140-6736 SN - 1474-547X AD - Shelon, James D., Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2004-21471-003. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Shelon, James D.; Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20050110. Correction Date: 20150413. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Antiviral Drugs; Birth Control; Family Planning; HIV. Classification: Medical Treatment of Physical Illness (3363); Immunological Disorders (3291). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Africa. References Available: Y. Page Count: 3. Issue Publication Date: Nov, 2004. AB - A massive and extremely ambitious initiative is underway to provide antiretroviral therapy to millions of patients with HIV in the developing world, especially Africa. In the middle of efforts to provide antiretrovirals rapidly on a grand scale, important needs such as family planning risk being overlooked. However, ensuring that contraception is available to women on antiretrovirals is crucial-not only for the well being of women and children, but also as a potent instrument to combat AIDS. Effective contraception provides major health benefits for women by preventing pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality and for children by allowing their parents to space births. Antiretrovirals have potential to harm fetuses in utero. The other class of antiretrovirals--the nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), are also a concern to the fetus because of mitochondrial toxicity. Contraception can prevent maternal-to-child transmission of HIV by preventing unwanted pregnancy. Removing the potential for unwanted pregnancy should allow women to focus more on their antiretroviral regimens and the other demands related to HIV disease. There are compelling human, medical, social, and programmatic reasons to make high-quality, highly accessible, effective, and voluntary contraception available to women on antiretroviral drugs in Africa. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - antiretroviral therapy KW - family planning KW - HIV KW - contraception KW - HIV prevention KW - 2004 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Antiviral Drugs KW - Birth Control KW - Family Planning KW - HIV KW - 2004 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17489-8 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2004-21471-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jshelton@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Groelsema, Robert T1 - Big Men Little People: The Leaders Who Defined Africa. JO - Journal of Asian & African Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) JF - Journal of Asian & African Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) Y1 - 2004/10// VL - 39 IS - 5 M3 - Book Review SP - 467 EP - 469 SN - 00219096 AB - Reviews the book "Big Men Little People: The Leaders Who Defined Africa," by Alec Russell. KW - POLITICAL anthropology KW - NONFICTION KW - RUSSELL, Alec KW - BIG Men Little People: The Leaders Who Defined Africa (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 17118442; Groelsema, Robert 1; Affiliation: 1: USAID, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p467; Subject Term: POLITICAL anthropology; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: BIG Men Little People: The Leaders Who Defined Africa (Book); People: RUSSELL, Alec; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17118442&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Halperin, Daniel T. AU - Post, Glenn L. T1 - Global HIV prevalence: the good news might be even better. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2004/09/18/ VL - 364 IS - 9439 M3 - Letter SP - 1035 EP - 1036 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - Presents a letter to the editor regarding the adoption of new HIV surveillance approaches by WHO and UNAIDS. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - INTERNATIONAL cooperation N1 - Accession Number: 14441812; Halperin, Daniel T. 1; Email Address: dhalp@worldwidedialup.net Post, Glenn L. 1; Affiliation: 1: Office of HIV-AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 9/18/2004, Vol. 364 Issue 9439, p1035; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL cooperation; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Letter UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14441812&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garcia, Patricia J. AU - Chavez, Susana AU - Feringa, Barbara AU - Chiappe, Marina AU - Li, Weili AU - Jansen, Kathrin U. AU - César AU - Cárcamo AU - Holmes, King K. T1 - Reproductive tract infections in rural women from the highlands, jungle, and coastal regions of Peru. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2004/07// VL - 82 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 483 EP - 492 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective: To define the prevalences and manifestations of reproductive tract infections (RTb) in rural Peruvian women. Methods: During 1997-98, we visited 18 rural districts in coastal, highlands, and jungle regions of Peru. We administered standardized questionnaires and pelvic examinations to numbers of women's community-based organizations; and collected vaginal fluid for pH, amino odour, Gram stain, microscopy, and culture for Trichomonas vaginalis, cerivical speciments for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, human papilloma virus (HPV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and blood for syphills serology. Findings: The 754 participants averaged 36.9 years of age and 1.7 sex partners ever; 77% reported their symptoms, spontaneously or only with specific questioning, respectively. Symptoms reported spontaneously included abnormal vaginal discharge (29.3% and 22.9% respectively). One or more RTIs, found in 70.4% of participants, included bacterial vaginosis (43.7%), trichomoniasis (16.5%), vulvovaginal candid asis (4.5%), chlamydial infection (6.8%), gonorrhoea (1.2%), syphills seropositivity (1.7%), cervial HPV infection (4.9%), and genital wants or ulcers (2.8%). Of 715 adequate Pap smears, 7 revealed cancer, 4 high=grade squamous, intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) and 15 low-grade SIL. Clinical algorithms had every low sensitivity and predictive discharge values for cervical infection, but over half the women with symptoms of maloclorous vaginal discharge, signs of abnormal vaginal discharge, or both, had bacterial vaginous or trichomoniasis. Conclusion: Overall, 77% of women had symptoms indicative of RTIs, and 70% had objective evidence of one or more RTIs. Women will selected symptoms and signs of vaginal infection could benefit from standard metronidazole therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GENITALIA -- Infections KW - NEISSERIA gonorrhoeae KW - PAPILLOMAVIRUSES KW - CHLAMYDIA infections KW - WOMEN -- Diseases KW - PERU N1 - Accession Number: 14300025; Garcia, Patricia J. 1,2 Chavez, Susana 3,4 Feringa, Barbara 4 Chiappe, Marina 2 Li, Weili 3 Jansen, Kathrin U. 5 César Cárcamo 1,2 Holmes, King K. 1; Affiliation: 1: Center for AIDS and STDs, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center Box 359931, 325 9th Ave., Seattle, WA 08104, Washington, DC, USA 2: School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru 3: Movimiento Manuela Ramos, Lima, Peru 4: Proyecto Reprosalud USAID, Washington DC, USA 5: Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 82 Issue 7, p483; Subject Term: GENITALIA -- Infections; Subject Term: NEISSERIA gonorrhoeae; Subject Term: PAPILLOMAVIRUSES; Subject Term: CHLAMYDIA infections; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Diseases; Subject Term: PERU; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14300025&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106558301 T1 - Partner reduction is crucial for balanced 'ABC' approach to HIV prevention. AU - Shelton JD AU - Halperin DT AU - Nantulya V AU - Potts M AU - Gayle HD AU - Holmes KK Y1 - 2004/04/10/ N1 - Accession Number: 106558301. Language: English. Entry Date: 20050107. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial. Commentary: Genuis SJ, Genuis SK. Commentary: adolescent behaviour should be priority. (BMJ) 4/10/2004; 328 (7444): 894-894. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101090866. KW - Health Behavior KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control KW - Safe Sex KW - Sexual Partners KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- Prevention and Control KW - Behavioral Changes KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- Transmission KW - Male KW - Risk Taking Behavior -- Prevention and Control KW - Sexual Abstinence SP - 891 EP - 893 JO - BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition) JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition) JA - BMJ VL - 328 IS - 7444 PB - BMJ Publishing Group SN - 0959-8146 AD - Senior Medical Scientist, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC U2 - PMID: 15073076. DO - 10.1136/bmj.328.7444.891 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106558301&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drain, Paul K. AU - Smith, Jennifer S. AU - Hughes, James P. AU - Halperin, Daniel T. AU - Holmes, King K. T1 - Correlates of National HIV Seroprevalence. JO - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2004/04//4/1/2004 VL - 35 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 407 EP - 420 SN - 15254135 AB - Investigates the serology and epidemiology of HIV infections in developing countries. Performance of correlation and regression analysis on certain variables; Association of geography, religion, and income inequality with HIV seroprevalence; Mean adult HIV prevalence weighted by adult population for developing countries by geographic region. KW - HIV infections KW - SEXUALLY transmitted diseases KW - SEROLOGY KW - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY KW - CORRELATION (Statistics) KW - REGRESSION analysis KW - DEVELOPING countries N1 - Accession Number: 12706231; Drain, Paul K. 1 Smith, Jennifer S. 2 Hughes, James P. 3 Halperin, Daniel T. 4 Holmes, King K. 1,3; Email Address: worthy@u.washington.edu; Affiliation: 1: School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France 3: Center for AIDS and STD, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 4: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; Source Info: 4/1/2004, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p407; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: SEXUALLY transmitted diseases; Subject Term: SEROLOGY; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12706231&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, R. Jerome T1 - Property Taxation in Armenia: Steps Toward Reform and Decentralization. JO - Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration JF - Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration Y1 - 2004/04// VL - 1 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 15 EP - 29 PB - International Association of Assessing Officers SN - 13571419 AB - Armenia was the first former Soviet republic to privatize land. Other real estate objects were also privatized early in the period following independence. Subsequent to privatization, municipal enabling legislation was enacted and taxation on land, buildings and apartments was instituted. This article describes the administration of land and property taxes, showing how central government control over tax administration is gradually devolved to Armenian communities. The article also analyzes the model used to value apartments in Armenia. In spite of early movement toward privatization, official resistance to market valuation is still strong, leading to the continued use of residual Soviet valuation concepts. Finally, the article discusses the issues which must be addressed if true property tax reform is to continue. The author acknowledges the long-time assistance of BearingPoint, Inc. colleagues Dana W. Frey, Joseph K. Eckert and Annette N. Brown over the course of property tax reform in Armenia. Credit is due to Guigen N. Musheghyan and Petros M. Soghomonyan and their colleagues for yeoman is efforts in collection and analysis of Armenian real estate market data. This article was made possible through support provided by the Office of Procurement, Bureau for Europe and the Newly Independent States, United States Agency for International Development, under the terms of Contracts EPE-I-00-95-00070 and 111-C-00-01-00096-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US. Agency for International Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration is the property of International Association of Assessing Officers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROPERTY tax KW - TAXATION KW - PROPERTY KW - TAX reform KW - ECONOMIC reform KW - ARMENIA (Republic) N1 - Accession Number: 14076269; Anderson, R. Jerome 1; Affiliation: 1: United States Agency for International Development and Implemented by Ronco Consulting Corporation and BearingPoint, Inc.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 1 Issue 2, p15; Subject Term: PROPERTY tax; Subject Term: TAXATION; Subject Term: PROPERTY; Subject Term: TAX reform; Subject Term: ECONOMIC reform; Subject Term: ARMENIA (Republic); NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 10 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14076269&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2004-13191-006 AN - 2004-13191-006 AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Halperin, Daniel T. AU - Nantulya, Vinand AU - Potts, Malcolm AU - Gayle, Helene D. AU - Holmes, King K. T1 - Partner reduction is crucial for balanced 'ABC' approach to HIV prevention. JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal JO - BMJ: British Medical Journal JA - BMJ Y1 - 2004/04// VL - 328 IS - 7444 SP - 891 EP - 893 CY - United Kingdom PB - BMJ Publishing Group SN - 0959-8138 SN - 1756-1833 AD - Halperin, Daniel T., Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC, US, 20523-3700 N1 - Accession Number: 2004-13191-006. PMID: 15073076 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Shelton, James D.; Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20040628. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Condoms; Sexual Abstinence; Sexual Partners. Minor Descriptor: HIV. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 3. Issue Publication Date: Apr, 2004. AB - Discusses the significance of partner reduction for balanced 'ABC' approach to HIV prevention. The key to preventing the spread of HIV, especially in epidemics driven mainly by heterosexual transmission, is through changing sexual behavior. Interest has been growing in an 'ABC' approach in which A stands for abstinence or delay of sexual activity, B for be faithful, and C for condom use. Although 'be faithful' literally implies monogamy, it also includes reductions in casual sex and multiple sexual partnerships that would reduce higher risk sex. While most of the often polarized discussion surrounding AIDS prevention has focused on promoting abstinence or use of condoms, partner reduction has been the neglected middle child of the ABC approach. Partner reduction seems to have been pivotal to success in two countries heralded for reversing their HIV epidemics, Thailand and Uganda. Of course, HIV prevention must extend beyond the ABC approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - partner reduction KW - HIV prevention KW - ABC approach KW - sexual partners KW - sexual abstinence KW - partner faithfulness KW - condom use KW - 2004 KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Condoms KW - Sexual Abstinence KW - Sexual Partners KW - HIV KW - 2004 DO - 10.1136/bmj.328.7444.891 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2004-13191-006&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - dhalp@worldwidedialup.net DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kennedy, Stephen B. AU - Johnson, Knowlton AU - Harris, Albert O. AU - Lincoln, Adams AU - Neace, William AU - Collins, David T1 - Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Prevention Resources in Liberia: Strategy and Implications. JO - AIDS Patient Care & STDs JF - AIDS Patient Care & STDs Y1 - 2004/03// VL - 18 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 169 EP - 180 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. SN - 10872914 AB - The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess the HIV/AIDS prevention needs, services, and resources in Liberia, including the readiness of local providers to conduct HIV/AIDS-related prevention programs based on a set of six key dimensions (prevention needs, knowledge, leadership, environment, risky behaviors, and resources). A valid self-administered qualitative-based health survey, based on a community readiness model, was utilized as the primary data collection source. A cross-sectional design that utilized a convenient sample of key informants such as health coordinators, program directors, and health administrator from both public and private HIV/AIDS-based organizations was used. Furthermore, an extensive review of the National Library of Medicine database of published articles from mid-1980 to 2002 was simultaneously conducted to gauge the extent of scientific publications on HIV/AIDS-related prevention services in Liberia. The findings from this study strongly suggest that Liberia is in a stage of vague awareness, as defined by the Tri-Ethnic Center community readiness framework, regarding HIV/AIDS-related activities, including a significant lack of HIV/AIDS-related resources and scientific publications. Accordingly, there is a critical need to acquire adequate resources and build capacity to implement effective HIV/AIDS-related prevention programming services in order to avert the negative public health consequences associated with HIV/AIDS, including the implementation of relevant evaluation and dissemination strategies. Most importantly, this model has the potential to be utilized in other resource-constraint settings, especially in the developing world, to assess prevention-related resources and programmatic readiness. This is the first published study to evaluate Liberia's HIV/AIDS prevention resources and to systematically document the extent and magnitude of the HIV/AIDS crises in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIDS Patient Care & STDs is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - Public health KW - PREVENTION KW - Health surveys KW - Information services KW - Preparedness KW - Liberia N1 - Accession Number: 12855078; Kennedy, Stephen B. 1; Johnson, Knowlton 1; Harris, Albert O. 2,3; Lincoln, Adams 4; Neace, William 1; Collins, David 1; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Louisville Center, Louisville, Kentucky.; 2: National AIDS/STD Control Program, Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia.; 3: A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia.; 4: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-Liberia, Mamba Point, Monrovia, Liberia.; Issue Info: Mar2004, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p169; Thesaurus Term: AIDS (Disease); Thesaurus Term: Public health; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: Health surveys; Subject Term: Information services; Subject Term: Preparedness; Subject: Liberia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1089/108729104322994856 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=12855078&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. AU - Fuchs, Nomi T1 - Opportunities and Pitfalls in Integration of Family Planning and HIV Prevention Efforts in Developing Countries. JO - Public Health Reports JF - Public Health Reports Y1 - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004 VL - 119 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 12 EP - 15 SN - 00333549 AB - Focuses on the integration of family planning and HIV prevention efforts in developing countries. Principles of integration; Status of health systems in the developing world; Keys to successful HIV prevention programs. KW - BIRTH control KW - HIV infections -- Prevention KW - AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention KW - MEDICAL care KW - PUBLIC health KW - DEVELOPING countries N1 - Accession Number: 13600768; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov Fuchs, Nomi 1; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 119 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: BIRTH control; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Prevention; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13600768&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106559092 T1 - Opportunities and pitfalls in integration of family planning and HIV prevention efforts in developing countries. AU - Shelton JD AU - Fuchs N Y1 - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004 N1 - Accession Number: 106559092. Language: English. Entry Date: 20050107. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. NLM UID: 9716844. KW - Family Planning -- Developing Countries KW - Health and Welfare Planning KW - Health Care Delivery, Integrated -- Developing Countries KW - HIV Infections -- Prevention and Control -- Developing Countries KW - Public Health Administration KW - Behavioral Changes KW - Community Health Services KW - Condoms -- Utilization KW - Developing Countries KW - Health Promotion KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- Prevention and Control SP - 12 EP - 15 JO - Public Health Reports JF - Public Health Reports JA - PUBLIC HEALTH REP VL - 119 IS - 1 PB - Sage Publications Inc. SN - 0033-3549 AD - Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523; jshelton@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 15147642. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106559092&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - GEN AU - Norton, Maureen T1 - Child survival. JO - Lancet JF - Lancet Y1 - 2003/09/13/ VL - 362 IS - 9387 M3 - Letter SP - 915 EP - 916 PB - Lancet SN - 00995355 AB - Presents a letter to the editor in response to the series discussing child survival rates in developing countries. KW - LETTERS to the editor KW - CHILD mortality N1 - Accession Number: 10811767; Norton, Maureen 1; Email Address: mnorton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: 9/13/2003, Vol. 362 Issue 9387, p915; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: CHILD mortality; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 593 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10811767&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2003-08689-002 AN - 2003-08689-002 AU - Wolf, R. Cameron AU - Pulerwitz, Julie T1 - The influence of peer versus adult communication on AIDS-protective behaviors among Ghanaian youth. JF - Journal of Health Communication JO - Journal of Health Communication JA - J Health Commun Y1 - 2003/09//Sep-Oct, 2003 VL - 8 IS - 5 SP - 463 EP - 474 CY - United Kingdom PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1081-0730 SN - 1087-0415 AD - Wolf, R. Cameron, Office of HIV/AIDS, Global Health Bureau, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, 5.10.90, Washington, DC, US, 20523 N1 - Accession Number: 2003-08689-002. PMID: 14530148 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Wolf, R. Cameron; Office of HIV/AIDS, Global Health Bureau, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, US. Release Date: 20031208. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Adolescent Attitudes; Health Knowledge; Interpersonal Communication; Peers; Sex Education. Minor Descriptor: AIDS Prevention; Health Behavior. Classification: Psychosocial & Personality Development (2840); Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods (3530). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: Ghana. Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100); School Age (6-12 yrs) (180); Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320). Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 12. Issue Publication Date: Sep-Oct, 2003. AB - Who most influences youth's AIDS-protective behaviors: peers, adults, or a combination of both? This paper explores interpersonal communication about reproductive health Information among Ghanaian youth, and the association of this communication with different types of reported AIDS-preventive behaviors. Contacts of peer educators in Ghana were surveyed at three sites during April 1998. Respondents age 11 to 26 years were included in this analysis (N = 490). Youth who talked with both peers and adults (n = 90) were 2.08 times more likely (95% CI: 1.23, 3.51) to report having done anything to protect themselves from AIDS than those who talked to no one (n = 202), while those who talked with peers only (n = 150) were 1.71 times more likely (95% CI: 1.10, 2.64) to have done something to protect themselves from AIDS. Youth who talked with adults only were not significantly more likely to protect themselves from AIDS than those who spoke with no one (n = 42). Sexually active youth were more than twice as likely to talk to peers as adults. Specific AIDS-protective behaviors reported by youth differed substantially depending on whether their contact source was peers or adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - peer influence KW - adult communication KW - interpersonal communication KW - AIDS-protective behaviors KW - Ghanaian youth KW - reproductive health information KW - peer educator KW - sexual activity KW - 2003 KW - Adolescent Attitudes KW - Health Knowledge KW - Interpersonal Communication KW - Peers KW - Sex Education KW - AIDS Prevention KW - Health Behavior KW - 2003 DO - 10.1080/713852119 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2003-08689-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - cwolf@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drain, Paul K. AU - Ralaivao, Josoa S. AU - Rakotonandrasana, Alexander AU - Carnell, Mary A. T1 - Introducing auto-disable syringes to the national immunization programme in Madagascar. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2003/08// VL - 81 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 553 PB - World Health Organization SN - 00429686 AB - Objective To evaluate the safety and coverage benefits of auto-disable (AD) syringes, weighed against the financial and logistical costs, and to create appropriate health policies in Madagascar. Methods Fifteen clinics in Madagascar, trained to use AD syringes, were randomized to implement an AD syringe only, mixed (AD syringes used only on non-routine immunization days), or sterilizable syringe only (control) programme. During a five-week period, data on administered vaccinations were collected, interviews were conducted, and observations were recorded. Findings The use of AD syringes improved coverage rates by significantly increasing the percentage of vaccines administered on non-routine immunization days (AD-only 4.3%, mixed 5.7%, control 1.1% (P<0.05)). AD-only clinics eliminated sterilization sessions for vaccinations, whereas mixed clinics reduced the number of sterilization sessions by 64%. AD syringes were five times more expensive than sterilizable syringes, which increased AD-only and mixed clinics' projected annual injection costs by 365% and 22%, respectively. However, introducing AD syringes for all vaccinations would only increase the national immunization budget by 2%. Conclusion The use of AD syringes improved vaccination coverage rates by providing ready-to-use sterile syringes on non-routine immunization days and decreasing the number of sterilization sessions, thereby improving injection safety. The mixed programme was the most beneficial approach to phasing in AD syringes and diminishing logistical complications, and it had minimal costs. AD syringes, although more expensive, can feasibly be introduced into a developing country's immunization programme to improve vaccination safety and coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Bulletin of the World Health Organization is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SYRINGES KW - SAFETY KW - COST KW - MEDICAL policy KW - MADAGASCAR KW - Child KW - Developing countries KW - Disposable equipment/economics/standards/utilization KW - Equipment reuse/economics KW - Health personnel/education KW - Immunization programs/economics/organization andadministration KW - Immunization/instrumentation KW - Injections/economics KW - International cooperation KW - Interviews KW - Madagascar (source: MeSH, NLM ). KW - Medical waste disposal KW - Product surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Randomized controlled trials KW - Safety/standards KW - Sterilization KW - Syringes/economics/standards KW - Vaccination KW - Women N1 - Accession Number: 10959692; Drain, Paul K. 1 Ralaivao, Josoa S. 2 Rakotonandrasana, Alexander 3 Carnell, Mary A. 4; Email Address: mcarnell@jsi-eth.com; Affiliation: 1: Consultant, John Snow Inc. and the United States Agency for International Development, Madagascar. 2: Regional Child Health Technician, John Snow Inc., Fianarantsoa, Madagascar. 3: Director of Immunization Logistics and Cold Chain Management, Ministry of Health, Madagascar. 4: Technical Team Leader, John Snow Inc., Antananarivo, Madagascar; and currently Director for Essential Services for Health in Ethiopia Project (ESHE)/JSI, PO Box 1392 Code 1110, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 81 Issue 8, p553; Subject Term: SYRINGES; Subject Term: SAFETY; Subject Term: COST; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; Subject Term: MADAGASCAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Child; Author-Supplied Keyword: Developing countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disposable equipment/economics/standards/utilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equipment reuse/economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health personnel/education; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunization programs/economics/organization andadministration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunization/instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Injections/economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: International cooperation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interviews; Author-Supplied Keyword: Madagascar (source: MeSH, NLM ).; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical waste disposal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Product surveillance, Postmarketing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Randomized controlled trials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety/standards; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sterilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Syringes/economics/standards; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaccination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Women; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6082 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10959692&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Lines, Jo AU - Lengeler, Christian AU - Cham, Kabir AU - de Savigny, Don AU - Chimumbwa, John AU - Langi, Peter AU - Carroll, Dennis AU - Mills, Anne AU - Hanson, Kara AU - Webster, Jayne AU - Lynch, Matthew AU - Addington, Whitney AU - Hill, Jenny AU - Rowland, Mark AU - Worrall, Eve AU - MacDonald, Michael AU - Kilian, Albert T1 - Scaling-up and sustaining insecticide-treated net coverage JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2003/08// VL - 3 IS - 8 M3 - Letter SP - 465 SN - 14733099 N1 - Accession Number: 10425275; Lines, Jo 1; Email Address: jo.lines@lshtm.ac.uk Lengeler, Christian 2 Cham, Kabir 3 de Savigny, Don 4 Chimumbwa, John 5 Langi, Peter 6 Carroll, Dennis 7 Mills, Anne 1 Hanson, Kara 1 Webster, Jayne 1 Lynch, Matthew 7 Addington, Whitney 1 Hill, Jenny 8 Rowland, Mark 1 Worrall, Eve 1 MacDonald, Michael 5 Kilian, Albert 9; Affiliation: 1: JL, AM, KH, JW, WA, MR, and EW are at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 2: CL is at the Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland 3: KC is at the Malaria Control Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland 4: DdeS is at the Tanzania Essential Health Intervention Project, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 5: JC and MM are at the National Malaria Control Programme, Lusaka, Zambia 6: PL is at the National Malaria Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda 7: DC and ML are at the US Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA 8: JH is at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK 9: AK is at USAID/CDC, Kampala, Uganda; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 3 Issue 8, p465; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter L3 - 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00717-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10425275&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Borrazzo, John AU - Walling, Richard AU - Falk, Henry T1 - Overview of international environmental health JO - International Journal of Hygiene & Environmental Health JF - International Journal of Hygiene & Environmental Health Y1 - 2003/06// VL - 206 IS - 4/5 M3 - Article SP - 257 EP - 262 SN - 14384639 AB - Abstract: Ultimately, the health and quality of life of all human beings depend upon the environment and ecosystems to which we are directly and indirectly connected. The papers in this special edition address a number of the critical environmental health issues on which U.S. government agencies and their collaborating partners are engaged internationally. The agencies are members of the International Environmental Health Subcommittee, chaired by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The activities described span the range from global policy to country-level field activities. While environmental factors related to infectious disease dominate the global burden of environmentally-related disease, acute and chronic exposures to chemicals are increasingly important public health issues at the local, national, and regional levels; arsenic in drinking water is a good example. Intersectoral action involving governments (at all levels), the private sector, and civil society working together in partnership is absolutely critical to sustainably resolving the problems touched on this overview and meeting the environmental health challenges of the twenty-first century. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Hygiene & Environmental Health is the property of Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ENVIRONMENTAL health KW - HEALTH risk assessment KW - HUMAN ecology KW - PUBLIC health KW - environmental health policy KW - health & human services KW - International environmental health N1 - Accession Number: 18310137; Borrazzo, John 1 Walling, Richard 2 Falk, Henry 3; Email Address: hxf1@cdc.gov; Affiliation: 1: Office of Global Health Affairs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland; and Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA 2: Office of the Americas and Middle East, Office of Global Health Affairs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA 3: The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 206 Issue 4/5, p257; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL health; Subject Term: HEALTH risk assessment; Subject Term: HUMAN ecology; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental health policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: health & human services; Author-Supplied Keyword: International environmental health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1078/1438-4639-00221 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18310137&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rubin, C.H. AU - Jones, R.L. AU - Revich, B. AU - Avaliani, S.L. AU - Gurvich, E. T1 - Environmental health collaboration: United States and Russia JO - International Journal of Hygiene & Environmental Health JF - International Journal of Hygiene & Environmental Health Y1 - 2003/06// VL - 206 IS - 4/5 M3 - Article SP - 333 EP - 338 SN - 14384639 AB - Abstract: Developed nations share similar challenges to human health from commercial and agricultural chemicals that are released into the environment. Although Russia and the United States are historically distinct and unique, both countries are geographically large and economically dependent on emission-producing surface transportation. This paper describes U.S.-Russian collaborative activities that grew from a 1995 conference in Moscow that brought together environmental health investigators from both countries to discuss common concerns about the human health impact of environmental pollutants. Lead, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and mercury were identified as contaminants of greatest concern. Collaborative studies were initiated that included collecting blood and hair samples and splitting samples for analyses in both countries, and introducing and sharing new portable blood and environmental sample analyses instruments. The findings demonstrated that hair analysis was not a good predictor of BLL and that Russian children in the first city sampled had a mean BLL of 7.7 μg/dl. Although higher than the U.S. mean, this level was below the 10.0 μg/dl CDC level of concern. This manuscript summarizes additional study results and describes their impacts on Russian policy. On-going collaborative environmental investigations are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Hygiene & Environmental Health is the property of Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ENVIRONMENTAL health KW - HEALTH risk assessment KW - AIR quality KW - PUBLIC health KW - environment KW - environmental cancer KW - environmental health KW - Gore Chernomyrdin Commission KW - lead poisoning KW - pesticides KW - risk assessment KW - Russia N1 - Accession Number: 18310145; Rubin, C.H. 1; Email Address: CRubin@cdc.gov Jones, R.L. 2 Revich, B. 3 Avaliani, S.L. 4 Gurvich, E. 5; Affiliation: 1: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Health Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA 2: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Nutritional Biochemistry Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA 3: Center for Demography and Human Ecology, Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia 4: Russian Academy of Advanced Medical Studies, Moscow, Russia 5: United States Agency for International Development, Moscow, Russia; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 206 Issue 4/5, p333; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL health; Subject Term: HEALTH risk assessment; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Author-Supplied Keyword: environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental cancer; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gore Chernomyrdin Commission; Author-Supplied Keyword: lead poisoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: pesticides; Author-Supplied Keyword: risk assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Russia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1078/1438-4639-00229 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18310145&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - The client as partner in reproductive health consultations JO - Patient Education & Counseling JF - Patient Education & Counseling Y1 - 2003/06// VL - 50 IS - 2 M3 - Editorial SP - 111 SN - 07383991 N1 - Accession Number: 9857330; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p111; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00004-1 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9857330&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - GEN AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Response to letter to the editor JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2003/05// VL - 67 IS - 5 M3 - Letter SP - 421 SN - 00107824 N1 - Accession Number: 9713201; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: jshelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W., Washington, DC 20523, USA; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 67 Issue 5, p421; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter L3 - 10.1016/S0010-7824(03)00020-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9713201&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Archibald, L. K. AU - Nwanyanwu, O. AU - Kazembe, P. N. AU - Mwansambo, C. AU - Bell, M. AU - Dobbie, H. AU - Reller, L. B. AU - Jarvis, W. R. T1 - Detection of bloodstream pathogens in a bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi: a pilot study. JO - Clinical Microbiology & Infection JF - Clinical Microbiology & Infection Y1 - 2003/03// VL - 9 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 234 EP - 238 PB - Elsevier Science SN - 1198743X AB - Children in Malawi receive bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination within the first 3 days of life. Thus, we hypothesized that Malawian children infected with the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) might be particularly vulnerable to dissemination of the BCG Mycobacterium bovis strain with which they were vaccinated. Following informed consent by parents, we studied children admitted to a Malawi general hospital during the 1998 wet and dry seasons. Blood from cohorts of acutely ill children was cultured for bacteria, including mycobacteria, and fungi, and tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies. It was shown that non- typhi Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the predominant bloodstream pathogens during the wet and dry seasons, and that bloodstream dissemination of the BCG M. bovis strain is uncommon in HIV-1-infected children who receive the BCG vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Clinical Microbiology & Infection is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BCG vaccination KW - HIV infections KW - Children KW - Malawi KW - blood cultures KW - Bloodstream infections KW - disseminated BCG KW - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) KW - pediatric N1 - Accession Number: 9190365; Archibald, L. K. 1,2,3; Nwanyanwu, O. 4; Kazembe, P. N. 5; Mwansambo, C. 5; Bell, M. 2; Dobbie, H. 5; Reller, L. B. 6; Jarvis, W. R. 2; Affiliations: 1: CDC Mailstop A-35, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA,; 2: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA,; 3: Tel: +1 404 639 6443 Fax: +1 404 639 2647E-mail: LCA6@CDC.GOV; 4: United States Agency for International Development, Lilongwe, Malawi ,; 5: Lilongwe Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi and; 6: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Issue Info: Mar2003, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p234; Subject Term: BCG vaccination; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: Children; Subject: Malawi; Author-Supplied Keyword: blood cultures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bloodstream infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: disseminated BCG; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Author-Supplied Keyword: pediatric; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00517.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=9190365&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2003-04734-003 AN - 2003-04734-003 AU - Turan, Janet Molzan AU - Say, Lale AU - Güngör, Ayşe Köybaşioğlu AU - Demarco, Renee AU - Yazgan, Şule T1 - Community participation for perinatal health in Istanbul. JF - Health Promotion International JO - Health Promotion International JA - Health Promot Int Y1 - 2003/03// VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 32 CY - United Kingdom PB - Oxford University Press SN - 0957-4824 SN - 1460-2245 AD - Turan, Janet Molzan, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Stanford University, Serra House, 556 Salvatierra Walk, Stanford, CA, US, 94305-8640 N1 - Accession Number: 2003-04734-003. PMID: 12571089 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Turan, Janet Molzan; Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US. Release Date: 20040126. Correction Date: 20130909. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Communities; Community Involvement; Group Participation; Health. Minor Descriptor: Group Decision Making; Knowledge Level; Perinatal Period; Program Evaluation. Classification: Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness (3365). Population: Human (10). Location: Turkey. Methodology: Empirical Study; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 8. Issue Publication Date: Mar, 2003. AB - Evaluates the success of a project in achieving community participation in efforts to improve perinatal health. A 10-step structured process was used to work with a community in Istanbul, Turkey. To evaluate the success of the project in achieving community participation, five key indicators were selected: (i) participation of the community group in decision making; (ii) gains in knowledge and skills of the community group; (iii) continuity of the community group; (iv) continuation of the health program by the community group; and (v) initiation of new support and advocacy activities. In the early months, project staff had more of a guiding role, but, over time, the community members became active decision-makers. Over the course of the project they learned how to identify community health problems, and to design, implement and evaluate interventions to address those problems. Four years later, meetings and activities of the group are continuing. Community members are now completely responsible for promoting the course, communication with participants, planning the courses, making preparations for the sessions, as well as teaching non-technical topics. Results indicate that the benefits in terms of health outcomes and increases in community capacity, can be well worth the effort. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - community participation KW - perinatal health KW - Istanbul KW - 2003 KW - Communities KW - Community Involvement KW - Group Participation KW - Health KW - Group Decision Making KW - Knowledge Level KW - Perinatal Period KW - Program Evaluation KW - 2003 DO - 10.1093/heapro/18.1.25 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2003-04734-003&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - jmturan@stanford.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holzmann, Robert AU - Murray, Christopher J. L. AU - Petersen, Anne T1 - Foreword. JO - Guide to Producing National Health Accounts JF - Guide to Producing National Health Accounts Y1 - 2003/01//1/1/2003 M3 - Article SP - XIII EP - XIII SN - 9789241546072 AB - A foreword to "Guide to Producing National Health Accounts" is presented. KW - PREFACES & forewords KW - MEDICAL policy N1 - Accession Number: 24730769; Holzmann, Robert 1 Murray, Christopher J. L. 2 Petersen, Anne 3; Affiliation: 1: Acting Vice President, Human Development Network, World Bank 2: Executive Director, Evidence and Information for Policy, World Health Organization 3: Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development; Source Info: 1/1/2003, pXIII; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: MEDICAL policy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24730769&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Behets, F. M.-T. F. AU - Andriamiadana, J. AU - Randrianasolo, D. AU - Rasamilalao, D. AU - Ratsimbazafy, N. AU - Dallabetta, G. AU - Cohen, M. S. T1 - Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in women with genital discharge in Madagascar: implications for primary care. JO - International Journal of STD & AIDS JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS Y1 - 2002/09// VL - 13 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 606 EP - 611 PB - Sage Publications, Ltd. SN - 09564624 AB - Women seeking care in Madagascar for genital discharge (n =1066) were evaluated for syphilis seroreactivity; bacterial vaginosis (BV) and trichomoniasis. Chlamydial infection was assessed by ligase chain reaction (LCR) and by direct immunofluorescence (IF); gonorrhoea by direct microscopy, culture and LCR. Leucocytes were determined in endocervical smears and in urine using leucocyte esterase dipstick (LED). Gonococcal isolates were tested for minimal inhibitory concentrations. BV was found in 56%, trichomoniasis in 25%, and syphilis in 6% of the women. LCR detected gonorrhoea in 13% and chlamydial infection in 11% of the women. Detection of Gram(-) intracellular diplococci in endocervical smears, and gonococcal culture were respectively 23% and 57% sensitive and 98% and 100% specific compared to LCR. Chlamydia antigen detection by IF was 75% sensitive and 77% specific compared to LCR. Leucocytes in endocervical smears and LED testing lacked precision to detect gonococcal and chlamydial infections. Of 67 gonococcal strains evaluated, 19% were fully susceptible to penicillin, 33% to tetracycline; all were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin. Patients who present with genital discharge in Madagascar should be treated syndromically for gonococcal and chlamydial infections and screened for syphilis. Gonorrhoea should be treated with ciprofloxacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of STD & AIDS is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Sexually transmitted diseases KW - Syphilis KW - Bacterial vaginitis KW - Trichomoniasis KW - Leucocytes KW - Gonorrhea KW - Chlamydia infections KW - Medical care KW - antimicrobial susceptibility KW - CERVICAL INFECTIONS KW - DIAGNOSIS KW - DISCHARGE KW - PRIMARY CARE N1 - Accession Number: 22203552; Behets, F. M.-T. F. 1,2; Email Address: frieda_behets@unc.edu; Andriamiadana, J. 3,4; Randrianasolo, D. 3; Rasamilalao, D. 3; Ratsimbazafy, N. 5; Dallabetta, G. 6; Cohen, M. S. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA; 2: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA; 3: Ministry of Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 4: United States Agency for International Development, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 5: Sisal, Médecins du Monde, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 6: Family Health International, Arlington, VA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2002, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p606; Subject Term: Sexually transmitted diseases; Subject Term: Syphilis; Subject Term: Bacterial vaginitis; Subject Term: Trichomoniasis; Subject Term: Leucocytes; Subject Term: Gonorrhea; Subject Term: Chlamydia infections; Subject Term: Medical care; Author-Supplied Keyword: antimicrobial susceptibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: CERVICAL INFECTIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: DIAGNOSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCHARGE; Author-Supplied Keyword: PRIMARY CARE; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1258/09564620260216308 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=22203552&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shelton, James D. T1 - Repeat emergency contraception: facing our fears JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2002/07// VL - 66 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 15 SN - 00107824 KW - Effectiveness KW - Emergency contraception KW - Over-the-counter KW - Repeat KW - Side effects N1 - Accession Number: 7859480; Shelton, James D. 1; Email Address: JShelton@usaid.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p15; Author-Supplied Keyword: Effectiveness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emergency contraception; Author-Supplied Keyword: Over-the-counter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Repeat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Side effects; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=7859480&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harbison, Sarah F. AU - Robinson, Warren C. AD - Bureau for Global Health, USAID AD - Washington, DC T1 - Policy Implications of the Next World Demographic Transition JO - Studies in Family Planning JF - Studies in Family Planning Y1 - 2002/03// VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 48 SN - 00393665 N1 - Accession Number: 0610278; Keywords: Children; Demographics; Fertility; Geographic Descriptors: Global; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200207 N2 - The world demographic transition from high to low fertility appears to be nearing its completion. Observed in perspective, this is the latest in a series of such transitions stretching back into prehistory. A stable new equilibrium is far from inevitable; indeed, it is unlikely. Many countries are experiencing below-replacement-level fertility, and this trend is spreading. Couples are now able to choose their family size, free of the traditional pressures to bear children that was characteristic of most traditional societies. In fact, most societal pressures for the last generation have been distinctly antinatalist, in response to the enormous attention paid by the media to the "population bomb" agenda. This antinatalist attitude is changing, however, and what seems more likely than either a stationary or declining world population is a new growth cycle reflecting a resurgence of fertility as a response to growing material affluence and potential technological mastery of environmental challenges. Societal pressures and policies will play a role in this transition as they did in earlier ones. KW - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth J13 KW - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts J11 KW - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration O15 L3 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291728-4465/issues UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0610278&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291728-4465/issues DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Loevinsohn, Benjamin AU - Aylward, Bruce AU - Steinglass, Robert AU - Ogden, Ellyn AU - Goodman, Tracey AU - Melgaard, Bjorn T1 - Impact of Targeted Programs on Health Systems: A Case Study of the Polio Eradication Initiative. JO - American Journal of Public Health JF - American Journal of Public Health Y1 - 2002/01// VL - 92 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 19 EP - 23 PB - American Public Health Association SN - 00900036 AB - The results of 2 large field studies on the impact of the polio eradication initiative on health systems and 3 supplementary reports were presented at a December 1999 meeting convened by the World Health Organization. All of these studies concluded that positive synergies exist between polio eradication and health systems but that these synergies have not been vigorously exploited. The eradication of polio has probably improved health systems worldwide by broadening distribution of vitamin A supplements, improving cooperation among enterovirus laboratories, and facilitating linkages between health worriers and their communities. The results of these studies also show that eliminating polio did not cause a diminution of funding for immunization against other illnesses. Relatively little is known about the opportunity costs of polio eradication. Improved planning in disease eradication initiatives can minimize disruptions in the delivery of other services. Future initiatives should include indicators and baseline data for monitoring effects on health systems development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLIO -- Prevention KW - CENTRAL nervous system KW - CENTRAL nervous system -- Diseases KW - MEDICAL care KW - PUBLIC health KW - INFECTIONS N1 - Accession Number: 5801368; Loevinsohn, Benjamin 1 Aylward, Bruce 2; Email Address: aylwardb@who.ch Steinglass, Robert 3 Ogden, Ellyn 4 Goodman, Tracey 5 Melgaard, Bjorn 6; Affiliation: 1: World Bank, Washington, DC 2: Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative, Department of Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva Switzerland 3: BASICS, Washington, DC 4: Office of Health and Nutrition, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 5: Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 6: Department of Vaccines and Biologicals World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Source Info: Jan2002, Vol. 92 Issue 1, p19; Subject Term: POLIO -- Prevention; Subject Term: CENTRAL nervous system; Subject Term: CENTRAL nervous system -- Diseases; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: INFECTIONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3672 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=5801368&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106902593 T1 - The provider perspective: human after all. AU - Shelton JD Y1 - 2001/09// N1 - Accession Number: 106902593. Language: English. Entry Date: 20050712. Revision Date: 20150820. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. NLM UID: 7907371. KW - Family Planning -- Manpower KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Program Implementation SP - 152 EP - 161 JO - International Family Planning Perspectives JF - International Family Planning Perspectives JA - INT FAM PLANN PERSPECT VL - 27 IS - 3 CY - New York, New York PB - Guttmacher Institute, Inc. SN - 0190-3187 AD - Senior Medical Scientist, Center for Population, Health and Nutrition, US Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106902593&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weber, Cameron M. T1 - In Defense of Free Capital Markets. JO - Public Budgeting & Finance JF - Public Budgeting & Finance Y1 - 2001///Fall2001 VL - 21 IS - 3 M3 - Book Review SP - 88 EP - 89 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 02751100 AB - Reviews the book "In Defense of Free Capital Markets: The Case Against a New International Financial Architecture," by David F. DeRosa. KW - CAPITAL market KW - NONFICTION KW - DEROSA, David F. KW - IN Defense of Free Capital Markets: The Case Against a New International Financial Architecture (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 6412694; Weber, Cameron M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Credit Program Controller, United States Agency for International Development (USAID).; Issue Info: Fall2001, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p88; Thesaurus Term: CAPITAL market; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: IN Defense of Free Capital Markets: The Case Against a New International Financial Architecture (Book); People: DEROSA, David F.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=6412694&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2002-08654-002 AN - 2002-08654-002 AU - Wegner, Eldon L. AU - Loos, Gregory P. AU - Onaka, Alvin T. AU - Crowell, David AU - Li, Yuanqing AU - Zheng, Helen T1 - Changes in the Association of Low Birth Weight with Socioeconomic Status in Hawaii: 1970-1990. JF - Biodemography and Social Biology JO - Biodemography and Social Biology JA - Biodemography Soc Biol Y1 - 2001///Fal-Win 2001 VL - 48 IS - 3-4 SP - 196 EP - 211 CY - US PB - Society for the Study of Social Biology SN - 1948-5565 SN - 1948-5573 N1 - Accession Number: 2002-08654-002. Other Journal Title: Eugenics Quarterly. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Wegner, Eldon L.; Dept of Sociology, U Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, US. Release Date: 20030811. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Birth Weight; Socioeconomic Status. Classification: Social Structure & Organization (2910); Health & Mental Health Services (3370). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100); Infancy (2-23 mo) (140). Methodology: Empirical Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 16. Issue Publication Date: Fal-Win 2001. AB - This study examines rates of low birth weight (LBW) in the state of Hawaii and changes in the association of LBW with socioeconomic status from 1970 to 1990. The analysis is based on aggregate data for census tracts. Rates of low birth weight were calculated for each census tract. Relative socioeconomic scores were calculated from average household income and years of education. The results show that (1) there was a decrease in the rate of low birth weight infants in Hawaii; and (2) that the correlation between socioeconomic status and low birth weight was substantially reduced, though a significant correlation remains. The paper suggests likely ceiling effects, but that the progressive public health policies and expansion of access to primary health care in Hawaii during this period played a major role hi reducing the rate of low birth weight infants and in decreasing socioeconomic inequality on this important health indicator. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - low birth weight KW - socioeconomic status KW - Hawaii KW - 2001 KW - Birth Weight KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - 2001 DO - 10.1080/19485565.2001.9989035 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2002-08654-002&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - gloos@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 2002-00962-004 AN - 2002-00962-004 AU - Senlet, Pinar AU - Curtis, Siân L. AU - Mathis, Jill AU - Raggers, Han T1 - The role of changes in contraceptive use in the decline of induced abortion in Turkey. JF - Studies in Family Planning JO - Studies in Family Planning JA - Stud Fam Plann Y1 - 2001/03// VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 52 CY - United Kingdom PB - Blackwell Publishing SN - 0039-3665 SN - 1728-4465 N1 - Accession Number: 2002-00962-004. PMID: 11326456 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Senlet, Pinar; USAID/Turkey United States Embassy, Ankara, Turkey. Other Publishers: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Release Date: 20020417. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Birth Control; Fertility; Human Females; Induced Abortion; Psychosexual Behavior. Classification: Psychosocial & Personality Development (2840). Population: Human (10); Female (40). Location: Turkey. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360). Methodology: Empirical Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 12. Issue Publication Date: Mar, 2001. AB - Examined trends in induced abortion rates and in contraceptive use among 15,095 15-49 yr old females together with fertility preferences, changes in the contraceptive behavior associated with abortion, and changes in the propensity to abort unwanted pregnancies. Data were drawn from Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys dated 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, and 1998. Results indicate that the decline in abortion is due to a decrease in the number of abortions associated with traditional method failure. This decrease is related to 3 factors: a shift from traditional method use to modern method use, a decline in the traditional method failure rate, and a decline in the proportion of pregnancies resulting from traditional method failures that are aborted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - induced abortion rates KW - contraceptive use KW - fertility preferences KW - changes in contraceptive behavior KW - females KW - 2001 KW - Birth Control KW - Fertility KW - Human Females KW - Induced Abortion KW - Psychosexual Behavior KW - 2001 DO - 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2001.00041.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2002-00962-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - psenlet@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - psyh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106895951 T1 - Risk of clinical pelvic inflammatory disease attributable to an intrauterine device. AU - Shelton JD Y1 - 2001/02/10/ N1 - Accession Number: 106895951. Language: English. Entry Date: 20020201. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; letter; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 2985213R. KW - Intrauterine Devices KW - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease KW - Gonorrhea -- Transmission KW - Chlamydia Infections -- Transmission KW - Risk Factors KW - Human SP - 443 EP - 443 JO - Lancet JF - Lancet JA - LANCET VL - 357 North American Edition IS - 9254 CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PB - Lancet SN - 0099-5355 AD - Center for Population, Health and Nutrition, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523. E-mail: J Shelton@USAID.GOV U2 - PMID: 11273068. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106895951&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 106990848 T1 - Unintended pregnancy and women's use of prenatal care in Ecuador. AU - Eggleston E Y1 - 2000/10// N1 - Accession Number: 106990848. Language: English. Entry Date: 20010112. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed. Instrumentation: Ecuador Demographic and Maternal-Child Health Survey. NLM UID: 8303205. KW - Attitude to Pregnancy -- Ecuador KW - Pregnancy, Unwanted KW - Prenatal Care -- Utilization KW - Ecuador KW - Surveys KW - Multiple Logistic Regression KW - Interviews KW - Descriptive Statistics KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Odds Ratio KW - P-Value KW - Chi Square Test KW - Sexuality KW - Random Sample KW - Research Instruments KW - Secondary Analysis KW - Health Resource Utilization KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Pregnancy KW - Female KW - Human SP - 1011 EP - 1018 JO - Social Science & Medicine JF - Social Science & Medicine JA - SOC SCI MED VL - 51 IS - 7 PB - Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science AB - This paper assesses the relationship between unintended pregnancy--both unwanted and mistimed and several dimensions of use of prenatal care among women in Ecuador, where the level of unintended pregnancy has risen considerably in recent years. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 3988 women interviewed in the 1994 Demographic and Maternal-Child Health Survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess jointly the effect of pregnancy intention status (unwanted, mistimed, planned) on three aspects of prenatal care use while controlling for potential confounders. Women with unwanted pregnancies were 32% less likely than women with planned pregnancies to seek out prenatal care. Women with unwanted pregnancies were also 25% less likely to initiate care in the first trimester and 29% less likely to receive at least an adequate number of visits. Mistimed pregnancy was not associated with receiving care, timely initiation of care or receiving an adequate number of visits. SN - 0277-9536 AD - US Agency for International Development (USAID) Paraguay, Population Leadership Program, 2168 Shattuck Ave, Ste 300, Berkeley, CA 94704; eeggleston@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 11005389. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106990848&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Severy, Lawrence J. AU - Spieler, Jeffrey T1 - New Methods of Family Planning: Implications for Intimate Behavior. JO - Journal of Sex Research JF - Journal of Sex Research Y1 - 2000/08// VL - 37 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 258 EP - 265 PB - Routledge SN - 00224499 AB - Developing new technology in contraception and family planning methods invites the question as to whether it is possible that these methods might facilitate or enhance sexual pleasure of couples. Advances in vaginal rings, microbicides and spermicides, female condoms, male condoms, and emergency contraception are reviewed from the perspective of behavioral implications. Further, preliminary data from assessments of PERSONA acceptability are presented to demonstrate that family planning methods can impact intimate behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Sex Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONTRACEPTION KW - BIRTH control KW - TECHNOLOGY KW - SEXUAL excitement KW - COUPLES N1 - Accession Number: 3854221; Severy, Lawrence J. 1 Spieler, Jeffrey 2; Affiliation: 1: University of Florida 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; Source Info: Aug2000, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p258; Subject Term: CONTRACEPTION; Subject Term: BIRTH control; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: SEXUAL excitement; Subject Term: COUPLES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621410 Family Planning Centers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7033 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=3854221&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107005188 T1 - High prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in urban adolescent females despite moderate risk behaviors. AU - Bunnell RE AU - Dahlberg L AU - Rolfs R AU - Ransom R AU - Gershman K AU - Farshey C AU - Newhall WJ AU - Schmid S AU - Stone K AU - St. Louis M Y1 - 1999/11//11/1/99 N1 - Accession Number: 107005188. Language: English. Entry Date: 20010309. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: CDC 318(c) funds. NLM UID: 0413675. KW - Risk Taking Behavior -- In Adolescence KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- Epidemiology KW - Urban Areas KW - Sexuality -- In Adolescence KW - Prevalence KW - Incidence KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- Risk Factors KW - Prospective Studies KW - Focus Groups KW - Structured Interview KW - Chi Square Test KW - T-Tests KW - Relative Risk KW - Odds Ratio KW - Multiple Logistic Regression KW - Data Analysis Software KW - Adolescence KW - Female KW - Funding Source KW - Human SP - 1624 EP - 1631 JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases JA - J INFECT DIS VL - 180 IS - 5 PB - Oxford University Press / USA AB - To better understand the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among female adolescents, a prospective 6-month cohort study was conducted at four teen clinics in a southeastern city. At enrollment, 260 (40%) of 650 sexually active females ages 14-19 years had an STD: chlamydia, 27%; herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), 14%; gonorrhea, 6%; trichomoniasis, 3%; and hepatitis B, 2%. At follow-up, 112 (23%) of 501 participants had an incident infection: chlamydia, 18%; HSV-2, 4%; gonorrhea, 4%; and trichomoniasis, 3%. At either enrollment or follow-up, 53% had >/=1 STD; of those with 1 lifetime partner, 30% had an STD. Having a new partner (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1. 1-4.2) or friends who sell cocaine (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.0-2.6) was independently associated with incident infection. STD incidence and prevalence were extremely high in this population, even in teenagers with only 1 lifetime partner. Individual risk behaviors appeared less important for STD risk than population factors. Copyright © 1999 The University of Chicago SN - 0022-1899 AD - Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, Mail Stop E-02, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30315; rrb7@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 10515825. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107005188&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birkenes, Robert M. T1 - Designing a fiscal federal mechanism for the transition period: the case of the Russian federation. JO - International Journal of Public Administration JF - International Journal of Public Administration Y1 - 1999/01/02/ VL - 22 IS - 9/10 M3 - Article SP - 1429 EP - 1500 SN - 01900692 AB - In countries undergoing economic transition, economic factors have caused discord between central and regional authorities. This paper explores the causes and consequences of fiscal conflicts between the federal and regional governments and discusses what elements in an optimal fiscal management would best preserve federal integrity. It provides a plausible game-theoretic representation of the power struggle between the center and regional governments in the Russian Federation. This representation describes the rules and political environment that served as a background for the budgetary wars of 1992 to 1994, the objectives of both the regional and federal players, and a history of game play during the transitional period. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Public Administration is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 75830630; Birkenes, Robert M. 1; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development, 133 1 Pennsylvania Avenue, #I425, Washington, District of Columbia, 20004; Issue Info: Jan1999, Vol. 22 Issue 9/10, p1429; Number of Pages: 72p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/01900699908525436 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=75830630&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107169730 T1 - Quality improvement and the integrated management of childhood illness: lessons from developed countries. AU - Heiby JR Y1 - 1998/05//1998 May N1 - Accession Number: 107169730. Language: English. Entry Date: 19990301. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; forms; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9315239. KW - Quality Improvement -- Trends -- Developing Countries KW - Practice Guidelines -- Trends -- Developing Countries KW - Pediatric Care -- Standards -- Developing Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - Staff Development KW - Organizational Compliance KW - Process Assessment (Health Care) KW - Child SP - 264 EP - 279 JO - Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement JF - Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement JA - JOINT COMM J QUAL IMPROV VL - 24 IS - 5 CY - Oak Brook, Illinois PB - Joint Commission Resources SN - 1070-3241 AD - Office of Health and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Programs, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20523-3700; e-mail: jheiby@usaid.gov U2 - PMID: 9626619. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107169730&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR TY - GEN AU - Heiby, J. R.; T1 - Quality improvement and the integrated management of childhood illness: lessons from developed countries CT - Quality improvement and the integrated management of childhood illness: lessons from developed countries JO - Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement (USA) JF - Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement (USA) Y1 - 1998/05/01/ VL - 24 IS - May SP - 264 EP - 279 SN - 10703241 AD - Office of Hlth. and Nutr., Bureau for Global Programs, U.S. Agency for Intl. Dev., 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20523-3700, USA Internet: jheiby@usaid.gov N1 - Accession Number: 36-03153; Language: English; References: 49; Section Heading: Sociology, Economics and Ethics; Drug Evaluations; Abstract Author: Wanda Hicks N2 - A discussion of the problems of implementing clinical practice guidelines for the management of clinically ill children in developing countries, part of an initiative sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) through a program called Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI), is presented, including how the experiences of industrialized countries in quality improvement can help developing countries address the challenges of IMCI and other clinical guidelines. KW - Protocols--disease management--pediatrics; KW - Disease management--pediatrics--developing countries; KW - Pediatrics--developing countries--disease management; KW - United Nations--disease management--pediatrics; KW - World Health Organization--disease management--pediatrics; KW - Guidelines--quality assurance--disease management; KW - Quality assurance--disease management--developing countries; KW - Developing countries--disease management--quality assurance; UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ipa&AN=36-03153&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ipa ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kassler, William J. AU - Alwano-Edyegu, Mary Grace AU - Marum, Elizabeth AU - Biryahwaho, Benon AU - Kataaha, Peter AU - Dillon, Beth AU - Kassler, W J AU - Alwano-Edyegu, M G AU - Marum, E AU - Biryahwaho, B AU - Kataaha, P AU - Dillon, B T1 - Rapid HIV testing with same-day results: a field trial in Uganda. JO - International Journal of STD & AIDS JF - International Journal of STD & AIDS Y1 - 1998/03// VL - 9 IS - 3 M3 - journal article SP - 134 EP - 138 PB - Sage Publications, Ltd. SN - 09564624 AB - Rapid, on-site HIV testing with same-day results may improve services and increase the number of clients who learn their serostatus in developing countries. To validate test performance under field conditions and assess the change in the proportion of clients who learn their serostatus, we conducted a field trial using the Capillus HIV-1/HIV-2 assay (Cambridge Diagnostics) at the AIDS Information Centre counselling and testing sites in Uganda. Compared to the standard 2-EIA testing algorithm, the sensitivity of Capillus was 99.6% (95% CI; 98.5%, 99.9%), the specificity was 98.8% (95% CI; 98.1%, 99.3%), the positive predictive value was 96.5% (95% CI; 94.5%, 97.8%), and the negative predictive value was 99.9% (95% CI; 99.5%, 100%). It took less than 5 min to perform a single test, and results were returned to clients in less than an hour, during which time clients were counselled. This resulted in a 27% increase in the proportion of clients who learned their serostatus and received counselling. We conclude that simple, rapid HIV tests can be performed accurately on-site within the time frame of a clinic visit, increasing the number of clients who learn their serostatus and receive post-test counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of STD & AIDS is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - Comparative studies KW - Research KW - Clinical pathology KW - Diagnosis KW - Rapid methods (Microbiology) KW - Medical screening KW - HIV infections -- Diagnosis KW - Clinical trials KW - Diagnostic reagents & test kits KW - HIV infections KW - Research -- Methodology KW - Medical cooperation KW - Time KW - Evaluation -- Research KW - Patients -- Attitudes KW - Uganda KW - counselling KW - HIV ANTIBODY TESTING KW - PREVENTION N1 - Accession Number: 22202156; Kassler, William J. 1; Alwano-Edyegu, Mary Grace 2; Marum, Elizabeth 3; Biryahwaho, Benon 4; Kataaha, Peter 5; Dillon, Beth 1; Kassler, W J 6; Alwano-Edyegu, M G; Marum, E; Biryahwaho, B; Kataaha, P; Dillon, B; Affiliations: 1: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA.; 2: AIDS Information Centre, Uganda.; 3: CDC/United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Uganda.; 4: Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda.; 5: Nakasero Blood Blank, Uganda.; 6: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; Issue Info: Mar1998, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p134; Thesaurus Term: HIV (Viruses); Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Research; Subject Term: Clinical pathology; Subject Term: Diagnosis; Subject Term: Rapid methods (Microbiology); Subject Term: Medical screening; Subject Term: HIV infections -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: Clinical trials; Subject Term: Diagnostic reagents & test kits; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: Research -- Methodology; Subject Term: Medical cooperation; Subject Term: Time; Subject Term: Evaluation -- Research; Subject Term: Patients -- Attitudes; Subject: Uganda; Author-Supplied Keyword: counselling; Author-Supplied Keyword: HIV ANTIBODY TESTING; Author-Supplied Keyword: PREVENTION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325413 In-Vitro Diagnostic Substance Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621999 All Other Miscellaneous Ambulatory Health Care Services; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: journal article L3 - 10.1258/0956462981921882 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=22202156&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, F. Catherine T1 - Usaid child survival programmes: Adopting a human rights approach. JO - International Journal of Children's Rights JF - International Journal of Children's Rights Y1 - 1997/10// VL - 5 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 383 EP - 395 PB - Martinus Nijhoff SN - 09275568 AB - This article presents the way in which the child survival and nutrition programmes funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) have achieved results that address fundamental human rights. In 1985 USAID launched its Child Survival Programme to improve the health of children in developing countries. Since that time, child survival has been one of the main supporting pillars of the country's development assistance. Stabilizing the world's population and protecting human health remain one of the five agency goals, with sustained reduction in child mortality as a key objective. Utilizing a public health approach rooted in epidemiology, USAID addresses immunizations, oral rehydration therapy, nutrition with an emphasis on infant and child feeding, and promotion of child spacing as the basic framework of its child survival portfolio. To enable local governments to assume managerial and financial responsibility for their own programmes, USAID shifted part of its resources from the immediate task of vaccinating children to supporting sustainable immunization programmes. USAID strategies originally designed to address severe malnutrition have been expanded to include mild to moderate malnutrition. Programmes include efforts to improve feeding practices, breastfeeding promotion, and micronutrient interventions, particularly vitamin A. KW - CHILD nutrition KW - CHILDREN'S rights KW - HUMAN rights KW - IMMUNIZATION KW - ORAL rehydration therapy KW - UNITED States KW - UNITED States. Agency for International Development N1 - Accession Number: 12609420; Johnson, F. Catherine 1,2,3,4; Affiliation: 1: Office of Women in Development, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 2: Women's Legal Rights Initiative for USAID 3: Adjunct Assistance Professor at Tulane University 4: George Washington University; Source Info: Oct97, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p383; Subject Term: CHILD nutrition; Subject Term: CHILDREN'S rights; Subject Term: HUMAN rights; Subject Term: IMMUNIZATION; Subject Term: ORAL rehydration therapy; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Agency for International Development; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1163/15718189720493834 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12609420&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolgin, Jerome M. T1 - The evolution of economic policy making in Africa. JO - American Economic Review JF - American Economic Review Y1 - 1997/05// VL - 87 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 54 PB - American Economic Association SN - 00028282 AB - The article focuses on the evolution of economic policy making in Africa. There were a number of reasons for the emergence of a set of economic institutions that were largely unsuited for the emerging international economy of the 1980's, (i) The political economy of independence put a great deal of emphasis on nation-building. (ii)The prevailing ideology of the time was some form of socialism. African leaders turned away from the political ideas of the former colonial powers and adopted the ideas of the anti-colonialists. (iii) This statist mind-set was reinforced by the prevailing Western economic theories of development that emphasized "big push" and "unbalanced growth," and by the programs of the foreign assistance agencies and multilateral banks which built large public institutions to manage substantial portions of the economy. (iv) The colonial powers also built public institutions to control trade and agricultural marketing so as to ensure a sufficient flow of public resources to pay for the costs of administration. Africa is experiencing an explosion of "civil society" of various forms. Business associations, real rural cooperatives, village associations, professional associations, and public-interest groups are emerging, along with a vigorous, if undisciplined free press. In the clash of various economic interest groups, one may hope that a public policy centered on economic growth will emerge. KW - ECONOMIC policy KW - TRADE associations KW - AFRICA, Sub-Saharan KW - POLITICAL planning KW - SOCIAL policy KW - PRESSURE groups KW - AFRICA N1 - Accession Number: 9709295086; Wolgin, Jerome M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Office of Sustainable Development, Bureau for Africa, Room 2744, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523.; Issue Info: May97, Vol. 87 Issue 2, p54; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC policy; Thesaurus Term: TRADE associations; Subject Term: AFRICA, Sub-Saharan; Subject Term: POLITICAL planning; Subject Term: SOCIAL policy; Subject Term: PRESSURE groups; Subject: AFRICA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813310 Social advocacy organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813319 Other Social Advocacy Organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813312 Environment, Conservation and Wildlife Organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813311 Human Rights Organizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813910 Business Associations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813930 Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9709295086&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 104780018 T1 - Laboratory reared Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum ticks differ in their susceptibility to infection with Cowdria ruminantium. AU - Mahan, S M AU - Peter, T F AU - Semu, S M AU - Simbi, B H AU - Norval, R A AU - Barbet, A F Y1 - 1995/09// N1 - Accession Number: 104780018. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110610. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 8703737. KW - Animals, Laboratory KW - Disease Vectors KW - DNA KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- Classification KW - Sheep KW - Ticks -- Microbiology KW - Animals KW - Animal Population Groups KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria KW - Female KW - Male KW - Ticks -- Classification KW - Zimbabwe SP - 345 EP - 353 JO - Epidemiology & Infection JF - Epidemiology & Infection JA - EPIDEMIOL INFECT VL - 115 IS - 2 PB - Cambridge University Press AB - The susceptibility of laboratory reared Zimbabwean Amblyomma hebraeum and A. variegatum ticks to infection with geographically distinct Cowdria ruminantium strains was investigated by feeding both species simultaneously on individual sheep infected with one of the four strains (Crystal Springs [Zimbabwe], Ball 3 [South Africa], Gardel [Guadeloupe] and Nigeria [Nigeria]). A. hebraeum ticks demonstrated a high susceptibility to infection with all four C. ruminantium strains. In comparison, A. variegatum were less susceptible to infection with the Crystal Springs and Ball 3 strains (P < 0.001), but showed a similar susceptibility to the Gardel and Nigeria strains. The differences in susceptibility of A. variegatum to infection with the four strains of C. ruminantium correlated with the origin of these strains. The consistently higher susceptibility of A. hebraeum ticks to infection with geographically different C. ruminantium strains may be one explanation for the observation that heartwater is a more serious problem where A. hebraeum is the vector of the disease. SN - 0950-2688 AD - University of Florida/United States Agency for International Development/South African Development Cooperation, Heartwater Research Project, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe. U2 - PMID: 7589273. DO - 10.1017/S0950268800058465 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104780018&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107417545 T1 - Ethical issues in social science research with special reference to sexual behaviour research. AU - Ringheim K Y1 - 1995/06/15/ N1 - Accession Number: 107417545. Language: English. Entry Date: 19950801. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed. NLM UID: 8303205. KW - Research Ethics -- Standards KW - Social Sciences KW - Sexuality KW - Cultural Values KW - Consent (Research) KW - Validity KW - Peer Review KW - Confidentiality (Research) KW - Motivation -- Economics KW - Adolescence KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female SP - 1691 EP - 1697 JO - Social Science & Medicine JF - Social Science & Medicine JA - SOC SCI MED VL - 40 IS - 12 PB - Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science AB - Social science research has long been concerned with ethical issues, but agencies that review and fund research are increasingly attentive to assuring that ethical considerations are being fully addressed. Research on sexual behaviour, a topic that has generated much recent attention worldwide as scientists confront the epidemics of adolescent pregnancy, AIDS and STDs, raises ethical issues that are worthy of special attention. Beginning with the philosophical origin of ethical principles that guide research, this paper discusses the key ethical issues to be considered with designing and conducting social science research. Included are special precautions for research on adolescents, the purpose and properties of an informed consent procedure, and the formation and function of an ethical review committee. SN - 0277-9536 AD - Office of Population, USAID, Washington, DC, USA U2 - PMID: 7660182. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107417545&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ringheim, Karin T1 - Evidence for the acceptability of an injectable hormonal method for men. JO - Family Planning Perspectives JF - Family Planning Perspectives Y1 - 1995/05//May/Jun95 VL - 27 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 123 EP - 128 PB - Guttmacher Institute, Inc. SN - 00147354 AB - This article reports on an injectable Hormonal Method for Men. A key question is how well a hormonal method for men would be accepted by the general public. The participants were divided about whether they were "typical" in any sense, with Asian men more likely than non-Asians to feel that they were similar to others. The data from these focus group discussions and the poststudy questionnaire demonstrate the valuable contribution that clinical trial participants can make toward identifying issues that might influence how the general public would accept a new contraceptive method. One such issue is changing gender expectations, which is likely to increase support for a reversible, noncoitus-dependent method for men. The frequency of injection was the most common deterrent to the acceptability of the method for the clinical trial participants. Although injections are associated with good health in some Asian cultures, clearly, they were viewed less positively by the Australian, Great Britain and U. S. participants. While another mode of delivery might be preferable to some, most participants agreed that a less frequent injection regime would also be acceptable. KW - MEDICAL research KW - HORMONES KW - MEDICAL equipment KW - ADMINISTRATION of drugs KW - CLINICAL trials KW - MEN N1 - Accession Number: 9506273849; Ringheim, Karin 1; Affiliation: 1: Senior University of Michigan International Population Fellow in the Research Division of the Office of Population, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC; Source Info: May/Jun95, Vol. 27 Issue 3, p123; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Subject Term: HORMONES; Subject Term: MEDICAL equipment; Subject Term: ADMINISTRATION of drugs; Subject Term: CLINICAL trials; Subject Term: MEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6300 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9506273849&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR ID - 107417583 T1 - Evidence for the acceptability of an injectable hormonal method for men. AU - Ringheim K Y1 - 1995/05//May/Jun95 N1 - Accession Number: 107417583. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070101. Revision Date: 20150820. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Grant Information: Supported by the Office of Population, USAID. NLM UID: 0241370. KW - Contraceptive Agents, Male KW - Attitude to Pregnancy KW - Funding Source KW - Focus Groups KW - Questionnaires KW - Testosterone KW - Attitude to Sexuality KW - Cultural Values KW - Gender Role KW - Injections -- Adverse Effects KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Human SP - 123 EP - 128 JO - Family Planning Perspectives JF - Family Planning Perspectives JA - FAM PLANN PERSPECT VL - 27 IS - 3 CY - New York, New York PB - Guttmacher Institute, Inc. SN - 0014-7354 AD - Research Division of the Office of Population, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC U2 - PMID: 7672104. UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107417583&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - rzh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kagimu, Magid AU - Marum, Elizabeth AU - Serwadda, David T1 - PLANNING AND EVALUATING STRATEGIES FOR AIDS HEALTH EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS IN THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN UGANDA. JO - AIDS Education & Prevention JF - AIDS Education & Prevention Y1 - 1995/02// VL - 7 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 10 EP - 21 SN - 08999546 AB - The article focuses on the planning strategies related to AIDS health education in the Muslim community in Uganda. Leaders in the Muslim community in Uganda have in recent years become increasingly aware about the effect of the AIDS epidemic on the Islamic minority in Uganda. The government and the private sector in Uganda have given support to pioneering initiatives as the first multisectoral commission coordinating prevention and care efforts and the first voluntary testing and counseling center in sub-Saharan Africa. Messages concentrated on knowledge about the virus and how to identify signs and symptoms of AIDS, and these messages were supposed to appeal to all segments of Ugandan society. In the early days of the AIDS epidemic, some religious leaders in Uganda tried to preach about AIDS as if it were a curse for sexual indiscretion. The importance of involving religious leaders in AIDS prevention has been identified but there have been few attempts to teach Ugandan religious leaders distinct educational and counseling skills to provide AIDS prevention messages which are well placed in public health principles. KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - Public health KW - HIV (Viruses) KW - Sex education KW - Muslims KW - PREVENTION KW - Family life education KW - Religious leaders KW - AIDS (Disease) education KW - HIV infections KW - Sexual health KW - Uganda N1 - Accession Number: 19680597; Kagimu, Magid 1,2; Marum, Elizabeth 3; Serwadda, David 4; Affiliations: 1: Chairman, Islamic Medical Association of Uganda, Makerere University.; 2: Lecturer, Department of Medicine, Makerere University.; 3: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Agency for International Development, Kampala, Uganda.; 4: Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.; Issue Info: Feb1995, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p10; Thesaurus Term: AIDS (Disease); Thesaurus Term: Public health; Thesaurus Term: HIV (Viruses); Subject Term: Sex education; Subject Term: Muslims; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: Family life education; Subject Term: Religious leaders; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease) education; Subject Term: HIV infections; Subject Term: Sexual health; Subject: Uganda; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=19680597&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Färe, Rolf AU - Grosskopf, Shawna AU - Norris, Mary AU - Zhongyang Zhang T1 - Productivity Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized Countries. (cover story) JO - American Economic Review JF - American Economic Review Y1 - 1994/03// VL - 84 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 66 EP - 83 PB - American Economic Association SN - 00028282 AB - This paper analyzes productivity growth in 17 OECD countries over the period 1979-1988. A nonparametric programming method (activity analysis) is used to compute Malmquist productivity indexes. These are decomposed into two component measures, namely, technical change and efficiency change. We find that U.S. productivity growth is slightly higher than average, all of which is due to technical change. Japan's productivity growth is the highest in the sample, with almost half due to efficiency change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PRODUCTION (Economic theory) KW - GROWTH rate KW - ECONOMIC models KW - ECONOMIC indicators KW - JAPAN KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 9406080294; Färe, Rolf 1; Grosskopf, Shawna 1; Norris, Mary 2; Zhongyang Zhang 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Economics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-4515; 2: United States Agency for International Development, Jakarta, Indonesia; Issue Info: Mar1994, Vol. 84 Issue 1, p66; Thesaurus Term: PRODUCTION (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: GROWTH rate; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC models; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC indicators; Subject: JAPAN; Subject: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9406080294&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simmons, William K. AU - Cook, James D. AU - Bingham, Keith C. AU - Thomas, Marjorie AU - Jackson, Jean AU - Jackson, Maria AU - Ahiuwalia, Namanjeet AU - Kahn, Samuel G. AU - Patterson, A. W. T1 - Evaluation of a gastric delivery system for iron supplementation in pregnancy. JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Y1 - 1993/11// VL - 58 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 622 EP - 626 SN - 00029165 AB - The present investigation was undertaken to assess the efficacy of oral iron supplementation during pregnancy by using a gastric delivery system (GDS). Three hundred seventy-six pregnant women between 16 and 35 y of age and 14 and 22 wk gestation were selected if mild anemia was present (hemoglobin concentration 80-110 g/L). The participants were randomly assigned to one of three study groups given no iron, two FeSO4 tablets (100 mg Fe) daily, or one GDS capsule (50 mg Fe) daily. Blood was obtained initially and after 6 and 12 wk for measurement of red blood cell and iron indexes, including serum transferrin receptor. There was a significant and comparable improvement in hematologic and iron-status measurements in the two groups of women given iron whereas iron deficiency evolved in women given no iron supplement. We conclude that by eliminating 5mating gastrointestinal side effects and reducing the administration frequency of an iron supplement to once daily, a GDS offers significant advantages for iron supplementation of pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEALTH KW - Pregnant women KW - Gastrointestinal system KW - Transferrin receptors KW - Gestational age KW - Iron deficiency KW - iron supplementation KW - pregnancy N1 - Accession Number: 94404103; Simmons, William K. 1,2; Cook, James D. 1,2; Bingham, Keith C. 1,2; Thomas, Marjorie 1,2; Jackson, Jean 1,2; Jackson, Maria 1,2; Ahiuwalia, Namanjeet 1,2; Kahn, Samuel G. 1,2; Patterson, A. W. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, Kingston, Jamaica; 2: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City: and the Office of Nutrition, USAID, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Nov1993, Vol. 58 Issue 5, p622; Thesaurus Term: HEALTH; Subject Term: Pregnant women; Subject Term: Gastrointestinal system; Subject Term: Transferrin receptors; Subject Term: Gestational age; Subject Term: Iron deficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: iron supplementation; Author-Supplied Keyword: pregnancy; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=94404103&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wesberry Jr., James P. T1 - Improving Financial Management of the Governments of the Americas. JO - Public Budgeting & Finance JF - Public Budgeting & Finance Y1 - 1992/03// VL - 12 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 61 EP - 72 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 02751100 AB - Several factors have created an environment that encourages the development of improved financial management systems in the Western Hemisphere. The U.S. Agency for International Development recently created the Latin American and Caribbean Regional Financial Management Improvement Project (LAC/RFMIP) which has several region-wide initiatives underway as well as country-specific activities. In addition, other donor/lender institutions, such as the United Nations, have major projects in progress in the region and a regional Donor Working Group composed of ten donor agencies meets regularly to coordinate activities. A comprehensive catalogue of all financial management improvements in the region has been prepared for the use of the Working Group. Finally, AID has drafted a long-term strategy for improving financial management which is being circulated for comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Public Budgeting & Finance is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FINANCIAL planning KW - FINANCIAL management KW - REGIONAL planning KW - PUBLIC finance KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 9701134492; Wesberry Jr., James P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Senior financial management adviser, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, U.S. Agency for International Development; Issue Info: Mar1992, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p61; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL planning; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL management; Thesaurus Term: REGIONAL planning; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC finance; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 925120 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523920 Portfolio Management; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523930 Investment Advice; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5385 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9701134492&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - CHAP AU - Rausser, Gordon C. AU - Rose, Marjorie B. AU - Irwin, Douglas A. AD - USAID, Washington, DC AD - IMF AD - Federal Reserve System A2 - Goldin, Ian A2 - Knudsen, Odin T1 - World Commodity Prices: The Role of External Debt and Industrial Country Policies T2 - Agricultural trade liberalization: Implications for developing countries PB - Paris: PB - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; PB - Washington, D.C.: PB - World Bank Y1 - 1990/// SP - 415 EP - 445 N1 - Accession Number: 0281564; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-1527-7 (pbk); ; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199306 KW - Agricultural Policy, Domestic and International 7130 KW - Agricultural Supply and Demand Analysis 7110 KW - International Lending and Aid (Public) 4430 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0281564&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - ecn ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Howard L. AU - Mangelsdorf, Karen R. AU - Luna, Jose Castro AU - Reid, Richard A. T1 - Supplying Ecuador's Health Workers Just in Time. JO - Interfaces JF - Interfaces Y1 - 1989/05//May/Jun89 VL - 19 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research SN - 00922102 AB - Just-in-time (JIT) principles were used to analyze the operation of Ecuador's medical supply system that serves rural community health workers (CHWs). We completed a descriptive analysis of supply shortages and replenishment policies in six of Ecuador's provinces. Our findings indicate that supply outages are caused by poor planning associated with replenishment cycle times, centralization of supply centers, and CHW travel time to supply warehouses. Furthermore, CHWs frequently circumvent official policies and procedures in obtaining needed supplies, producing higher health care costs. We used a set-covering algorithm to provide a systematic analysis of some supply-replenishment alternatives that reduced costs associated with CHW-initiated JIT practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Interfaces is the property of INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - JUST-in-time systems KW - COMMUNITY health services KW - MEDICAL personnel KW - PLANNING KW - HEALTH products KW - PUBLIC health KW - RURAL health KW - MEDICAL care costs KW - ECUADOR N1 - Accession Number: 4494960; Smith, Howard L. 1; Mangelsdorf, Karen R. 2; Luna, Jose Castro 3; Reid, Richard A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Anderson Schools of Management, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; 2: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC; 3: Division of Community Development, Ministry of Public Health, Quito, Ecuador; Issue Info: May/Jun89, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p1; Thesaurus Term: JUST-in-time systems; Thesaurus Term: COMMUNITY health services; Thesaurus Term: MEDICAL personnel; Thesaurus Term: PLANNING; Subject Term: HEALTH products; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: RURAL health; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject: ECUADOR; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621494 Community health centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446110 Pharmacies and Drug Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446191 Food (Health) Supplement Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4494960&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - GEN AU - Bloch, Julia Chang T1 - Individual Responsibility and Fulfillment Through Public Service. JO - Chinese American Forum JF - Chinese American Forum Y1 - 1987/08// VL - 3 IS - 2 M3 - Speech SP - 7 EP - 9 PB - Chinese American Forum Inc. SN - 08954690 N1 - Accession Number: 21118949; Bloch, Julia Chang 1; Affiliation: 1: Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Asia and Near East (ANE); Source Info: Aug1987, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p7; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Speech UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21118949&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Warrack‐Goldman, Heather AU - Brown, Betsy H. AU - Binkin, Nancy J. T1 - Nutritional status of mauritanian children during a drought emergency. JO - Ecology of Food & Nutrition JF - Ecology of Food & Nutrition Y1 - 1986/02// VL - 18 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 221 EP - 229 SN - 03670244 AB - Nutritional surveys were conducted in three regions of Mauritania between September and November, 1983, to assess the impact of a severe drought and to determine priorities for relief assistance. Survey sites and children were chosen at random using established Centers for Disease Control survey methodology. A total of 1,498 children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years were weighed, measured and examined for xerophthalmia and scurvy. Information on age, sex, diarrhea, measles immunization, diet and food aid was collected for each child. Levels of acute malnutrition (< 80 % of median weight‐for‐height) ranged from 8.2 to 17.2% in the 3 regions, and both xerophthalmia and scurvy were seen. The children between 1 to 3 years of age had the highest levels of malnutrition. Food aid deliveries were irregular and inadequate in the two regions with the highest rates of malnutrition. Implications for targeting and choice of relief efforts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] AB - Copyright of Ecology of Food & Nutrition is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 75863512; Warrack‐Goldman, Heather 1,2; Brown, Betsy H. 1,2; Binkin, Nancy J. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Nouakchott, Mauritania; 2: Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Issue Info: Feb1986, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p221; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/03670244.1986.9990927 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=75863512&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fry, Maxwell J. T1 - A Kaleidoscopic Circumspection of Development Planning: With Contextual Reference to Nepal (Book Review). JO - Economic Journal JF - Economic Journal Y1 - 1973/12// VL - 83 IS - 332 M3 - Book Review SP - 1328 EP - 1330 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 00130133 AB - Reviews the book "A Kaleidoscopic Circumspection of Development Planning: With Contextual Reference to Nepal," by A. Beenhakker. KW - PLANNING KW - NONFICTION KW - BEENHAKKER, A. KW - KALEIDOSCOPIC Circumspection of Development Planning: With Contextual Reference to Nepal, A (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 4541824; Fry, Maxwell J. 1; Affiliations: 1: United States Agency for International Development, Kabul and City University, London.; Issue Info: Dec73, Vol. 83 Issue 332, p1328; Thesaurus Term: PLANNING; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: KALEIDOSCOPIC Circumspection of Development Planning: With Contextual Reference to Nepal, A (Book); People: BEENHAKKER, A.; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4541824&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fry, Maxwell J. T1 - The Economic History of Iran 1800-1914/ Iran : Economic Development under Dualistic Conditions. JO - Economic Journal JF - Economic Journal Y1 - 1973/06// VL - 83 IS - 330 M3 - Book Review SP - 616 EP - 621 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 00130133 AB - Reviews two books. "The Economic History of Iran 1800-1914," edited by C. Issawi; "Iran: Economic Development Under Dualistic Conditions," by J. Amuzegar and M. A. Fekrat. KW - AMUZEGAR, J. KW - ISSAWI, C. KW - FEKRAT, M. A. KW - ECONOMIC History of Iran 1800-1914, The (Book) KW - IRAN: Economic Development Under Dualistic Conditions (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 4542124; Fry, Maxwell J. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: The City University, London; 2: United States Agency for International Development, Kabul; Issue Info: Jun73, Vol. 83 Issue 330, p616; Reviews & Products: ECONOMIC History of Iran 1800-1914, The (Book); Reviews & Products: IRAN: Economic Development Under Dualistic Conditions (Book); People: AMUZEGAR, J.; People: ISSAWI, C.; People: FEKRAT, M. A.; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Book Review UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4542124&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR AU - McMahon, Terrence J. T1 - Brazil: A Maturing Capital Market Seeks Accelerated Improvements in Accountancy. JO - International Journal of Accounting JF - International Journal of Accounting Y1 - 1972///Fall72 VL - 8 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 77 EP - 87 SN - 00207063 AB - The Government of Brazil (GOB), acting through its Central Bank, is about to launch an innovative program, which will accelerate and improve the development of the country's capital market, as of September 1, 1972. The Agency for International Development, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and two of the major banking organizations of GOB will jointly provide a $50 million revolving Capital Market Development Fund (FUMCAP). FUMCAP will broaden and stabilize the capital market while providing long-term corporate financing at reasonable costs. The Central Bank of Brazil has taken the initial steps needed to permit the accounting profession to develop self-regulation. Accountants will play an active, essential role in the launching of FUMCAP. A successful FUMCAP will encourage the firm offer under-writings of new issues of securities, create a bond market which will permit issuing companies to better finance long-term requirements and introduce significant regulatory measures which will promote investor confidence and participation. KW - DEBT financing (Corporations) KW - LONG-term business financing KW - CAPITAL market KW - CENTRAL banking industry KW - BANKING industry -- Accounting KW - BOND market KW - SECURITIES trading KW - BRAZIL N1 - Accession Number: 11761422; McMahon, Terrence J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Member, United States Agency for International Development Mission Staff of Rio de Janeiro; Issue Info: Fall72, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p77; Thesaurus Term: DEBT financing (Corporations); Thesaurus Term: LONG-term business financing; Thesaurus Term: CAPITAL market; Thesaurus Term: CENTRAL banking industry; Thesaurus Term: BANKING industry -- Accounting; Thesaurus Term: BOND market; Thesaurus Term: SECURITIES trading; Subject: BRAZIL; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522190 Other Depository Credit Intermediation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522120 Savings Institutions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522111 Personal and commercial banking industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522110 Commercial Banking; NAICS/Industry Codes: 521110 Monetary Authorities-Central Bank; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523120 Securities Brokerage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523110 Investment Banking and Securities Dealing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=11761422&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - buh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality maternity care for every woman, everywhere: a call to action. AU - Koblinsky, M. AU - Moyer, C. A. AU - Calvert, C. AU - Campbell, J. AU - Campbell, O. M. R. AU - Feigl, A. B. AU - Graham, W. J. AU - Hatt, L. AU - Hodgins, S. AU - Matthews, Z. AU - McDougall, L. AU - Moran, A. C. AU - Nandakumar, A. K. AU - Langer, A. JO - Lancet (British edition) JF - Lancet (British edition) Y1 - 2016/// VL - 388 IS - 10057 SP - 2307 EP - 2320 CY - Oxford; UK PB - Elsevier Ltd SN - 0140-6736 AD - Koblinsky, M.: Maternal and Child Health, HIDN, USAID, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20173029553. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - To improve maternal health requires action to ensure quality maternal health care for all women and girls, and to guarantee access to care for those outside the system. In this paper, we highlight some of the most pressing issues in maternal health and ask: what steps can be taken in the next 5 years to catalyse action toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of less than 70 maternal deaths per 100 000 livebirths by 2030, with no single country exceeding 140? What steps can be taken to ensure that high-quality maternal health care is prioritised for every woman and girl everywhere? We call on all stakeholders to work together in securing a healthy, prosperous future for all women. National and local governments must be supported by development partners, civil society, and the private sector in leading efforts to improve maternal-perinatal health. This effort means dedicating needed policies and resources, and sustaining implementation to address the many factors influencing maternal health-care provision and use. Five priority actions emerge for all partners: prioritise quality maternal health services that respond to the local specificities of need, and meet emerging challenges; promote equity through universal coverage of quality maternal health services, including for the most vulnerable women; increase the resilience and strength of health systems by optimising the health workforce, and improve facility capability; guarantee sustainable finances for maternal-perinatal health; and accelerate progress through evidence, advocacy, and accountability. KW - birth KW - health care KW - health policy KW - health services KW - maternal mortality KW - maternity services KW - pregnancy KW - quality of care KW - women KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - gestation KW - Health Economics (EE118) (New March 2000) KW - Policy and Planning (EE120) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20173029553&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673616313332 UR - email: mkoblinsky@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A systematic review of the effect of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on the risk of pre-eclampsia. AU - Adams, J. W. AU - Watts, D. H. AU - Phelps, B. R. JO - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics JF - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Y1 - 2016/// VL - 133 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 21 CY - Shannon; Irish Republic PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. SN - 0020-7292 AD - Adams, J. W.: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20163144887. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Background: The associations between HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and pre-eclampsia are unclear. Objectives: To summarize research and clarify the implications of HIV and ART on pre-eclampsia risk. Search strategy: MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2003 and July 2014, using relevant keywords. Selection criteria: Full-text review was dependent on the inclusion of pre-eclampsia as an outcome and original data. Data collection and analysis: Data for population, confounders, limitations, and measures of association were qualitatively assessed. Main results: Among 550 records identified, 70 were screened, and 13 were included. Five of the nine studies comparing pre-eclampsia risk between women with and without HIV infection found no significant difference; only one found that women living with HIV were more likely to experience pre-eclampsia. Two studies found that women living with HIV who were receiving ART at conception were more likely to experience pre-eclampsia than were those not receiving ART at conception. Two studies reported that pre-eclampsia rates did not differ by ART regimen. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to conclude that women living with HIV and receiving ART have a higher risk of pre-eclampsia than do women without HIV infection; further research is needed to assess the association between ART and pre-eclampsia. KW - antiretroviral agents KW - antiviral agents KW - blood pressure KW - drug therapy KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - hypertension KW - literature reviews KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy complications KW - risk assessment KW - systematic reviews KW - viral diseases KW - women KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - chemotherapy KW - gestation KW - high blood pressure KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - viral infections KW - Pesticides and Drugs; Control (HH405) (New March 2000) KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Non-communicable Human Diseases and Injuries (VV600) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163144887&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020729215007146 UR - email: joella_adams@brown.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multipurpose prevention technologies for sexual and reproductive health: mapping global needs for introduction of new preventive products. AU - Schelar, E. AU - Polis, C. B. AU - Essam, T. AU - Looker, K. J. AU - Bruni, L. AU - Chrisman, C. J. AU - Manning, J. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2016/// VL - 93 IS - 1 SP - 32 EP - 43 CY - New York; USA PB - Elsevier SN - 0010-7824 AD - Schelar, E.: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, CP3-11090A, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20163012467. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 28 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Public Health N2 - Objectives: Worldwide, women face sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) combine protection against two or more SRH risks into one product. Male and female condoms are the only currently available MPT products, but several other forms of MPTs are in development. We examined the global distribution of selected SRH issues to determine where various risks have the greatest geographical overlap. Study design: We examined four indicators relevant to MPTs in development: HIV prevalence, herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence (HSV-2), human papillomavirus prevalence (HPV) and the proportion of women with unmet need for modern contraception. Using ArcGIS Desktop, we mapped these indicators individually and in combination on choropleth and graduated symbol maps. We conducted a principal components analysis to reduce data and enable visual mapping of all four indicators on one graphic to identify overlap. Results: Our findings document the greatest overlapping risks in Sub-Saharan Africa, and we specify countries in greatest need by specific MPT indication. Conclusions: These results can inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation; data limitations also highlight the need for improved (non-HIV) STI surveillance globally. Implications: MPTs are products in development with the potential to empower women to prevent two or more SRH risks. Geographic analysis of overlapping SRH risks demonstrates particularly high need in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study can help to inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation. KW - condoms KW - contraception KW - disease prevalence KW - epidemiology KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - mothers KW - pregnancy KW - reproduction KW - reproductive health KW - viral diseases KW - women KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Pennsylvania KW - USA KW - human papillomaviruses KW - man KW - Africa KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Papillomaviridae KW - dsDNA Viruses KW - DNA Viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Middle Atlantic States of USA KW - Northeastern States of USA KW - USA KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - birth control KW - gestation KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - subsaharan Africa KW - United States of America KW - viral infections KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163012467&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010782415005776 UR - email: erin.schelar@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring access to family planning: conceptual frameworks and DHS data. AU - Choi YoonJoung AU - Fabic, M. S. AU - Adetunji, J. JO - Studies in Family Planning JF - Studies in Family Planning Y1 - 2016/// VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - 145 EP - 161 CY - Boston; USA PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 0039-3665 AD - Choi YoonJoung: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20163219827. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: many ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases; Public Health N2 - Expanding access to family planning (FP) is a driving aim of global and national FP efforts. The definition and measurement of access, however, remain nebulous, largely due to complexity. This article aims to bring clarity to the measurement of FP access. First, we synthesize key access elements for measurement by reviewing three well-known frameworks. We then assess the extent to which the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) - a widely used data source for FP programs and research - has information to measure these elements. We finally examine barriers to access by element, using the latest DHS data from four countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We discuss opportunities and limitations in the measurement of access, the importance of careful interpretation of data from population-based surveys, and recommendations for collecting and using data to better measure access. KW - demography KW - family planning KW - guidelines KW - health KW - planning KW - surveys KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Africa KW - recommendations KW - subsaharan Africa KW - Demography (UU200) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163219827&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00059.x/abstract UR - email: ychoi@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fertility awareness methods: distinctive modern contraceptives. AU - Malarcher, S. AU - Spieler, J. AU - Fabic, M. S. AU - Jordan, S. AU - Starbird, E. H. AU - Kenon, C. JO - Global Health: Science and Practice JF - Global Health: Science and Practice Y1 - 2016/// VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 15 CY - Washington; USA PB - U.S. Agency for International Development SN - 2169-575X AD - Malarcher, S.: United States Agency for International Development, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20163125395. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 6 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - This article discusses fertility awareness methods - the Lactational Amenorrhoea Method, the Standard Days Method, and the Two Day Method. They are safe and effective, and they have important additional benefits that appeal to women and men. Including these modern contraceptives in the method mix expands contraceptive choice and helps women and men meet their reproductive intentions. KW - awareness KW - contraception KW - contraceptives KW - family planning KW - fertility KW - men KW - methodology KW - reproduction KW - safety KW - women KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - birth control KW - methods KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163125395&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/4/1/13.full UR - email: smalarcher@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of social support in improving infant feeding practices in western Kenya: a quasi-experimental study. AU - Mukuria, A. G. AU - Martin, S. L. AU - Egondi, T. AU - Bingham, A. AU - Thuita, F. M. JO - Global Health: Science and Practice JF - Global Health: Science and Practice Y1 - 2016/// VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 55 EP - 72 CY - Washington; USA PB - U.S. Agency for International Development SN - 2169-575X AD - Mukuria, A. G.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Infant and Young Child Nutrition Project., Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20163125399. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 54 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Rural Development N2 - Background: We designed and tested an intervention that used dialogue-based groups to engage infants' fathers and grandmothers to support optimal infant feeding practices. The study's aim was to test the effectiveness of increased social support by key household influencers on improving mothers' complementary feeding practices. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, we enrolled mothers, fathers, and grandmothers from households with infants 6-9 months old in 3 rural communities (1 intervention arm with fathers, 1 intervention arm with grandmothers, and 1 comparison arm) in western Kenya. We engaged 79 grandmothers and 85 fathers in separate dialogue groups for 6 months from January to July 2012. They received information on health and nutrition and were encouraged to provide social support to mothers (defined as specific physical actions in the past 2 weeks or material support actions in the past month). We conducted a baseline household survey in December 2011 in the 3 communities and returned to the same households in July 2012 for an endline survey. We used a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach and logistic regression to evaluate the intervention. Results: We surveyed 554 people at baseline (258 mothers, 165 grandmothers, and 131 fathers) and 509 participants at endline. The percentage of mothers who reported receiving 5 or more social support actions (of a possible 12) ranged from 58% to 66% at baseline in the 3 groups. By endline, the percentage had increased by 25.8 percentage points (P=.002) and 32.7 percentage points (P=.001) more in the father and the grandmother intervention group, respectively, than in the comparison group. As the number of social support actions increased in the 3 groups, the likelihood of a mother reporting that she had fed her infant the minimum number of meals in the past 24 hours also increased between baseline and endline (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.30; P=.047). When taking into account the interaction effects of intervention area and increasing social support over time, we found a significant association in the grandmother intervention area on dietary diversity (OR, 1.19; CI, 1.01 to 1.40; P=.04). No significant effects were found on minimum acceptable diet. Conclusion: Engaging fathers and grandmothers of infants to improve their knowledge of optimal infant feeding practices and to encourage provision of social support to mothers could help improve some feeding practices. Future studies should engage all key household influencers in a family-centered approach to practice and support infant feeding recommendations. KW - complementary feeding KW - fathers KW - grandparents KW - health education KW - infant feeding KW - infant nutrition KW - infants KW - mothers KW - nutrition education KW - sociology KW - Kenya KW - man KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - social aspects KW - social support KW - Education and Training (CC100) KW - Social Psychology and Social Anthropology (UU485) (New March 2000) KW - Human Nutrition (General) (VV100) KW - Diet Studies (VV110) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163125399&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/4/1/55.full UR - email: abingham@path.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of women who deliver alone: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys from 80 countries. AU - Orobaton, N. AU - Austin, A. AU - Fapohunda, B. AU - Abegunde, D. AU - Omo, K. JO - Global Health: Science and Practice JF - Global Health: Science and Practice Y1 - 2016/// VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 99 EP - 113 CY - Washington; USA PB - U.S. Agency for International Development SN - 2169-575X AD - Orobaton, N.: JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., United States Agency for International Development (USAID) - Targeted States High Impact Project (TSHIP), Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20163125402. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 26 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health; Tropical Diseases; Rural Development N2 - Evidence has shown that quality skilled care during labor and delivery is essential to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes. Unfortunately, analyses of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data show that there are a substantial number of women around the world that not only do not have access to skilled care but also deliver alone with no one present (NOP). Among the 80 countries with data, we found the practice of delivering with NOP was concentrated in West and Central Africa and parts of East Africa. Across these countries, the prevalence of giving birth with NOP was higher among women who were poor, older, of higher parity, living in rural areas, and uneducated than among their counterparts. As women increased use of antenatal care services, the proportion giving birth with NOP declined. Using census data for each country from the US Census Bureau's International Database and data on prevalence of delivering with NOP from the DHS among countries with surveys from 2005 onwards (n=59), we estimated the number of women who gave birth alone in each country, as well as each country's contribution to the total burden. Our analysis indicates that between 2005 and 2015, an estimated 2.2 million women, who had given birth in the 3 years preceding each country survey, delivered with NOP. Nigeria, alone, accounted for 44% (nearly 1 million) of these deliveries. As countries work on reducing inequalities in access to health care, wealth, education, and family planning, concurrent efforts to change community norms that condone and facilitate the practice of women giving birth alone must also be implemented. Programmatic experience from Sokoto State in northern Nigeria suggests that the practice can be reduced markedly through grassroots community advocacy and education, even in poor and low-resource areas. It is time for leaders to act now to eradicate the practice of giving birth alone - one of many important steps needed to ensure no mother or newborn dies of a preventable death. KW - childbirth KW - health services KW - maternity services KW - poverty KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal care KW - reproductive health KW - rural women KW - women KW - women's health KW - Central Africa KW - East Africa KW - West Africa KW - man KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Africa KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - antenatal care KW - gestation KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Social Psychology and Social Anthropology (UU485) (New March 2000) KW - Women (UU500) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163125402&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/4/1/99.full UR - email: amaustin123@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Georgia. AU - Gegia, M. AU - Magee, M. J. AU - Kempker, R. R. AU - Kalandadze, I. AU - Chakhaia, T. AU - Golub, J. E. AU - Blumberg, H. M. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - 6 SP - 390 EP - 399 CY - Geneva; Switzerland PB - World Health Organization and International Telecommunication Union 2014 SN - 0042-9686 AD - Gegia, M.: University Research Company LLC Branch in Georgia, United States Agency for International Development Georgia Tuberculosis Prevention Project, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. N1 - Accession Number: 20153239290. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Language of Summary: Arabic; Chinese; French; Russian; Spanish. Number of References: 39 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Public Health N2 - Objective: To assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Tbilisi, Georgia. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis from May 2011 to November 2013. History of tobacco smoking was collected using a standardized questionnaire adapted from the global adult tobacco survey. We considered tuberculosis therapy to have a poor outcome if participants defaulted, failed treatment or died. We used multivariable regressions to estimate the risk of a poor treatment outcome. Findings: Of the 591 tuberculosis patients enrolled, 188 (31.8%) were past smokers and 271 (45.9%) were current smokers. Ninety (33.2%) of the current smokers and 24 (18.2%) of the participants who had never smoked had previously been treated for tuberculosis (P<0.01). Treatment outcome data were available for 524 of the participants, of whom 128 (24.4%) - including 80 (32.9%) of the 243 current smokers and 21 (17.2%) of the 122 individuals who had never smoked - had a poor treatment outcome. Compared with those who had never smoked, current smokers had an increased risk of poor treatment outcome (adjusted relative risk, aRR: 1.70; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00-2.90). Those who had ceased smoking more than two months before enrolment did not have such an increased risk (aRR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.51-1.99). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of smoking among patients with tuberculosis in Georgia and smoking increases the risk of a poor treatment outcome. KW - effects KW - epidemiology KW - health KW - human diseases KW - incidence KW - patients KW - questionnaires KW - risk KW - therapy KW - tobacco KW - tobacco smoking KW - tuberculosis KW - Georgia KW - Republic of Georgia KW - USA KW - man KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - Nicotiana KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Developed Countries KW - West Asia KW - Asia KW - Mycobacterium KW - Mycobacteriaceae KW - Corynebacterineae KW - Actinomycetales KW - Actinobacteridae KW - Actinobacteria KW - Bacteria KW - prokaryotes KW - South Atlantic States of USA KW - Southern States of USA KW - USA KW - APEC countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - Southeastern States of USA KW - Solanaceae KW - Solanales KW - dicotyledons KW - angiosperms KW - Spermatophyta KW - plants KW - bacterium KW - therapeutics KW - United States of America KW - Human Toxicology and Poisoning (VV810) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Field Crops (FF005) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153239290&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.who.int/bulletin UR - email: mjmagee@gsu.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scaling-up HIV responses with key populations in West Africa. AU - Wheeler, T. AU - Wolf, R. C. AU - Kapesa, L. AU - Surdo, A. C. AU - Dallabetta, G. T3 - Special Issue: HIV risks and vulnerabilities among key populations in West and Central Africa - evidence to inform HIV prevention, treatment and care. JO - JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2015/// VL - 68 IS - Suppl. 2 SP - S69 EP - S73 CY - Hagerstown; USA PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. SN - 1525-4135 AD - Wheeler, T.: Office of HIV/AIDS/Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, North West, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20153093421. Publication Type: Journal Article. Note: Special Issue: HIV risks and vulnerabilities among key populations in West and Central Africa - evidence to inform HIV prevention, treatment and care. Language: English. Number of References: 48 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology; Public Health; Tropical Diseases N2 - Background: Despite decades of HIV responses in pockets of West and Central Africa (WCA), the HIV response with key populations remains an understudied area. Recently, there has been a proliferation of studies highlighting epidemiologic and behavioral data that challenge attitudes of complacency among donors and country governments uncomfortable in addressing key populations. Methods: The articles in this series highlight new studies that provide a better understanding of the epidemiologic and structural burden facing key populations in the WCA region and how to improve responses through more effective targeting. Results: Key populations face pervasive structural barriers including institutional and sexual violence and an intersection of stigma, criminalization, and marginalization as sexual minorities. Despite decades of smaller interventions that have shown the importance of integrated services for key populations, there remains incongruent provision of outreach or testing or family planning pointing to sustained risk. There remains an incongruent resource provision for key populations where they shoulder the burden of HIV and their access to services alone could turn around HIV epidemics within the region. Conclusions: These proximal and distal determinants must be addressed in regional efforts, led by the community, and resourced for scale, targeting those most at risk for the acquisition and transmission of HIV. This special issue builds the knowledge base for the region focusing on interventions that remove barriers to service access including treatment uptake for those living with HIV. Better analysis and use of data for strategic planning are shown to lead to more effective targeting of prevention, care, and HIV treatment programs with key populations. These articles further demonstrate the immediate need for comprehensive action to address HIV among key populations throughout the WCA region. KW - antiretroviral agents KW - crime KW - disease prevention KW - drug therapy KW - epidemics KW - epidemiology KW - health care utilization KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - marginalization KW - poverty KW - sexual abuse KW - social stigma KW - West Africa KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Africa KW - chemotherapy KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - Income and Poverty (EE950) KW - Pesticides and Drugs; Control (HH405) (New March 2000) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Social Psychology and Social Anthropology (UU485) (New March 2000) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153093421&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2015/03011/Scaling_Up_HIV_Responses_with_Key_Populations_in.1.aspx UR - email: twheeler@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A short history of HIV prevention programs for female sex workers in Ghana: lessons learned over 3 decades. AU - Wondergem, P. AU - Green, K. AU - Wambugu, S. AU - Asamoah-Adu, C. AU - Clement, N. F. AU - Amenyah, R. AU - Atuahene, K. AU - Szpir, M. T3 - Special Issue: HIV risks and vulnerabilities among key populations in West and Central Africa - evidence to inform HIV prevention, treatment and care. JO - JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2015/// VL - 68 IS - Suppl. 2 SP - S138 EP - S145 CY - Hagerstown; USA PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. SN - 1525-4135 AD - Wondergem, P.: United States Agency for International Development, US Embassy, Rosa Parks Avenue, P.O. Box 817, Yaounde, Cameroon. N1 - Accession Number: 20153093430. Publication Type: Journal Article. Note: Special Issue: HIV risks and vulnerabilities among key populations in West and Central Africa - evidence to inform HIV prevention, treatment and care. Language: English. Number of References: 41 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) in Ghana have a 10-fold greater risk for acquiring HIV than the general adult population, and they contribute a substantial proportion of the new HIV infections in the country. Although researchers have conducted behavioral and biological surveys, there has been no review of the contextual, programmatic, and epidemiological changes over time. Methods: The authors conducted a historical review of HIV prevention programs in Ghana. We reviewed the use of different interventions for HIV prevention among FSWs and data from program monitoring and Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Surveys. In particular, we looked at changes in service access and coverage, the use of HIV testing and counseling services, and the changing prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Results: HIV prevention interventions among FSWs increased greatly between 1987 and 2013. Only 72 FSWs were reached in a pilot program in 1987, whereas 40,508 FSWs were reached during a national program in 2013. Annual condom sales and the proportion of FSWs who used HIV testing and counseling services increased significantly, whereas the prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia decreased. The representation of FSWs in national HIV strategic plans and guidelines also improved. Conclusions: Ghana offers an important historical example of an evolving HIV prevention program that - despite periods of inactivity - grew in breadth and coverage over time. The prevention of HIV infections among sex workers has gained momentum in recent years through the efforts of the national government and its partners - a trend that is critically important to Ghana's future. KW - control programmes KW - disease prevention KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - sex workers KW - women KW - Ghana KW - man KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - West Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - control programs KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153093430&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2015/03011/A_Short_History_of_HIV_Prevention_Programs_for.10.aspx UR - email: pwondergem@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying lessons learned from the USAID family planning graduation experience to the GAVI graduation process. AU - Shen, A. K. AU - Farrell, M. M. AU - Vandenbroucke, M. F. AU - Fox, E. AU - Pablos-Mendez, A. JO - Health Policy and Planning JF - Health Policy and Planning Y1 - 2015/// VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 687 EP - 695 CY - Oxford; UK PB - Oxford University Press SN - 0268-1080 AD - Shen, A. K.: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Ronald Reagan Building-3.7.106, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20153248733. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Language of Summary: Chinese; French; Spanish. Number of References: 29 ref. Subject Subsets: World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology; Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - As low income countries experience economic transition, characterized by rapid economic growth and increased government spending potential in health, they have increased fiscal space to support and sustain more of their own health programmes, decreasing need for donor development assistance. Phase out of external funds should be systematic and efforts towards this end should concentrate on government commitments towards country ownership and self-sustainability. The 2006 US Agency for International Development (USAID) family planning (FP) graduation strategy is one such example of a systematic phase-out approach. Triggers for graduation were based on pre-determined criteria and programme indicators. In 2011 the GAVI Alliance (formerly the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations) which primarily supports financing of new vaccines, established a graduation policy process. Countries whose gross national income per capita exceeds $1570 incrementally increase their co-financing of new vaccines over a 5-year period until they are no longer eligible to apply for new GAVI funding, although previously awarded support will continue. This article compares and contrasts the USAID and GAVI processes to apply lessons learned from the USAID FP graduation experience to the GAVI process. The findings of the review are 3-fold: (1) FP graduation plans served an important purpose by focusing on strategic needs across six graduation plan foci, facilitating graduation with pre-determined financial and technical benchmarks, (2) USAID sought to assure contraceptive security prior to graduation, phasing out of contraceptive donations first before phasing out from technical assistance in other programme areas and (3) USAID sought to sustain political support to assure financing of products and programmes continue after graduation. Improving sustainability more broadly beyond vaccine financing provides a more comprehensive approach to graduation. The USAID FP experience provides a window into understanding one approach to graduation from donor assistance. The process itself - involving transparent country - level partners well in advance of graduation-appears a valuable lesson towards success. KW - economics KW - family planning KW - finance KW - health KW - health programmes KW - immunization KW - indicators KW - planning KW - sustainability KW - vaccines KW - developing countries KW - man KW - countries KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - health programs KW - immune sensitization KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - Demography (UU200) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) KW - Host Resistance and Immunity (HH600) KW - Policy and Planning (EE120) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153248733&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/6/687.full UR - email: ashen@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does human resource management improve family planning service quality? Analysis from the Kenya Service Provision Assessment 2010. AU - Thatte, N. AU - Choi, Y. JO - Health Policy and Planning JF - Health Policy and Planning Y1 - 2015/// VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 356 EP - 367 CY - Oxford; UK PB - Oxford University Press SN - 0268-1080 AD - Thatte, N.: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Room 3.6.146, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20153115957. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Language of Summary: Chinese; French; Spanish. Number of References: many ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - Introduction: Human resource (HR) management is a priority for health systems strengthening in developing countries, yet few studies have empirically examined associations with service quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between HR management and family planning (FP) service quality. Methods: Data came from the 2010 Kenya Service Provision Assessment, a nationally representative health facility assessment. In total, 912 FP consultations from 301 facilities were analysed. Four indices were created to measure quality on reproductive history taking, physical examination, sexually transmitted infections prevention and pill/injectable specific counselling. HR management variables included training in the past year, any and supportive (i.e. with feedback, technical updates and discussion) in-person supervision in the past 6 months and having a written job description. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to estimate coefficients of HR management variables on each of the four quality indices, adjusting for background characteristics of clients, provider and facilities. Results: The level of service quality ranged from 16 to 53 out of a maximum score of 100 across the indices. Fifty-two per cent of consultations were done by providers who received supportive in-person supervision in the previous 6 months. In 23% and 38% of consultations, the provider was trained in the past year and had a written job description, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that having a written job description was associated with higher service quality in history taking, physical examination and the pill/injectable specific counselling. Other HR management variables were not significantly associated with service quality. Conclusion: Having a written job description was significantly associated with higher service quality and may be a useful tool for strengthening management practices. The details of such job descriptions and the quality of other management indicators should be explored to better understand the relationship between HR management and FP service quality. KW - counselling KW - family planning KW - health KW - health services KW - human diseases KW - indicators KW - infections KW - planning KW - reproduction KW - reproductive health KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Developing Countries KW - Kenya KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - countries KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - counseling KW - STDs KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - venereal diseases KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Demography (UU200) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Protozoan, Helminth and Arthropod Parasites of Humans (VV220) (New March 2000) KW - Policy and Planning (EE120) KW - Health Economics (EE118) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153115957&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/3/356.full UR - email: nthatte@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategic partnering to improve community health worker programming and performance: features of a community-health system integrated approach. AU - Naimoli, J. F. AU - Perry, H. B. AU - Townsend, J. W. AU - Frymus, D. E. AU - McCaffery, J. A. JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health Y1 - 2015/// VL - 13 IS - 46 SP - (1 Se EP - (1 Se CY - London; UK PB - BioMed Central Ltd SN - 1478-4491 AD - Naimoli, J. F.: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20153337726. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 95 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Background: There is robust evidence that community health workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries can improve their clients' health and well-being. The evidence on proven strategies to enhance and sustain CHW performance at scale, however, is limited. Nevertheless, CHW stakeholders need guidance and new ideas, which can emerge from the recognition that CHWs function at the intersection of two dynamic, overlapping systems - the formal health system and the community. Although each typically supports CHWs, their support is not necessarily strategic, collaborative or coordinated. Methods: We explore a strategic community health system partnership as one approach to improving CHW programming and performance in countries with or intending to mount large-scale CHW programmes. To identify the components of the approach, we drew on a year-long evidence synthesis exercise on CHW performance, synthesis records, author consultations, documentation on large-scale CHW programmes published after the synthesis and other relevant literature. We also established inclusion and exclusion criteria for the components we considered. We examined as well the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing each component. Results: We identified a minimum package of four strategies that provide opportunities for increased cooperation between communities and health systems and address traditional weaknesses in large-scale CHW programmes, and for which implementation is feasible at sub-national levels over large geographic areas and among vulnerable populations in the greatest need of care. We postulate that the CHW performance benefits resulting from the simultaneous implementation of all four strategies could outweigh those that either the health system or community could produce independently. The strategies are (1) joint ownership and design of CHW programmes, (2) collaborative supervision and constructive feedback, (3) a balanced package of incentives, and (4) a practical monitoring system incorporating data from communities and the health system. Conclusions: We believe that strategic partnership between communities and health systems on a minimum package of simultaneously implemented strategies offers the potential for accelerating progress in improving CHW performance at scale. Comparative, retrospective and prospective research can confirm the potential of these strategies. More experience and evidence on strategic partnership can contribute to our understanding of how to achieve sustainable progress in health with equity. KW - communities KW - community health KW - community health services KW - community involvement KW - health care workers KW - incentives KW - job performance KW - monitoring KW - reviews KW - supervision KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Community Participation and Development (UU450) (New March 2000) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153337726&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/13/1/46 UR - email: jnaimoli@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A report of at-scale distribution of chlorhexidine digluconate 7.1% gel for newborn cord care to 36,404 newborns in Sokoto State, Nigeria: initial lessons learned. AU - Orobaton, N. AU - Abegunde, D. AU - Shoretire, K. AU - Abdulazeez, J. AU - Fapohunda, B. AU - Lamiri, G. AU - Maishanu, A. AU - Ganiyu, A. AU - Ndifon, E. AU - Gwamzhi, R. AU - Osborne-Smith, M. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2015/// VL - 10 IS - 7 SP - e0134040 EP - e0134040 CY - San Francisco; USA PB - Public Library of Sciences (PLoS) SN - 1932-6203 AD - Orobaton, N.: United States Agency for International Development/Targeted States High Impact Project, Sokoto, Nigeria. N1 - Accession Number: 20153334580. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 27 ref. Registry Number: 3697-42-5, 55-56-1, 56-95-1, 18472-51-0. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases N2 - Background: With an annual estimated 276,000 neonatal deaths, Nigeria has the second highest of any country in the world. Global progress in accelerating neonatal deaths is hinged to scaled-up interventions in Nigeria. We used routine data of chlorhexidine digluconate 7.1% gel utilized by 36,404 newborns delivered by 36,370 mothers, to study lessons associated with at-scale distribution in Sokoto State, North West Nigeria. Methods and Findings: Under state government leadership, a community-based distribution system overseen by 244 ward development committees and over 3,440 community-based health volunteers and community drug keepers, was activated to deliver two locally stored medicines to women when labor commenced. Newborns and their mothers were tracked through 28 days and 42 days respectively, including verbal autopsy results. 36,404 or 26.3% of expected newborns received the gel from April 2013 to December 2013 throughout all 244 wards in the State. 99.97% of newborns survived past 28 days. There were 124 pre-verified neonatal deaths reported. Upon verification using verbal autopsy procedures, 76 deaths were stillborn and 48 were previously live births. Among the previous 48 live births, the main causes of death were sepsis (40%), asphyxia (29%) and prematurity (8%). Underuse of logistics management information by government in procurement decisions and not accounting for differences in LGA population sizes during commodity distribution, severely limited program scalability. Conclusions: Enhancements in the predictable availability and supply of chlorhexidine digluconate 7.1% gel to communities through better, evidence-based logistics management by the state public sector will most likely dramatically increase program scalability. Infections as a cause of mortality in babies delivered in home settings may be much higher than previously conceived. In tandem with high prevalence of stillborn deaths, delivery, interventions designed to increase mothers' timely and regular use of quality antenatal care, and increased facility-based based delivery, need urgent attention. We call for accelerated investments in community health volunteer programs and the requisite community measurement systems to better track coverage. We also advocate for the development, refinement and use of routine community-based verbal autopsies to track newborn and maternal survival. KW - causes of death KW - chlorhexidine KW - communities KW - community health KW - drugs KW - incidence KW - infants KW - infections KW - mortality KW - mothers KW - neonates KW - postmortem examinations KW - prematurity KW - survival KW - volunteers KW - women KW - Nigeria KW - man KW - sokoto gudali KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - West Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - cattle KW - Bos KW - Bovidae KW - ruminants KW - Artiodactyla KW - ungulates KW - autopsy KW - death rate KW - medicines KW - pharmaceuticals KW - postmortem inspections KW - Sokoto KW - verbal autopsies KW - Diagnosis of Human Disease (VV720) (New March 2000) KW - Protozoan, Helminth and Arthropod Parasites of Humans (VV220) (New March 2000) KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153334580&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134040 UR - email: norobaton@jsi.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring maternal, newborn, and child health interventions using lot quality assurance sampling in Sokoto State of northern Nigeria. AU - Abegunde, D. AU - Orobaton, N. AU - Shoretire, K. AU - Ibrahim, M. AU - Mohammed, Z. AU - Abdulazeez, J. AU - Gwamzhi, R. AU - Ganiyu, A. JO - Global Health Action JF - Global Health Action Y1 - 2015/// VL - 8 SP - 27526 EP - 27526 CY - Stockholm; Sweden PB - Co-Action Publishing SN - 1654-9716 AD - Abegunde, D.: United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project Nigeria, No 3 Sulaiman Adamu Road, GRA, Bauchi, Nigeria. N1 - Accession Number: 20163020268. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 34 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Rural Development N2 - Background: Maternal mortality ratio and infant mortality rate are as high as 1,576 per 100,000 live births and 78 per 1,000 live births, respectively, in Nigeria's northwestern region, where Sokoto State is located. Using applicable monitoring indicators for tracking progress in the UN/WHO framework on continuum of maternal, newborn, and child health care, this study evaluated the progress of Sokoto toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5 by December 2015. The changes in outcomes in 2012-2013 associated with maternal and child health interventions were assessed. Design: We used baseline and follow-up lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) data obtained in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In each of the surveys, data were obtained from 437 households sampled from 19 LQAS locations in each of the 23 local government areas (LGAs). The composite state-level coverage estimates of the respective indicators were aggregated from estimated LGA coverage estimates. Results: None of the nine indicators associated with the continuum of maternal, neonatal, and child care satisfied the recommended 90% coverage target for achieving MDGs 4 and 5. Similarly, the average state coverage estimates were lower than national coverage estimates. Marginal improvements in coverage were obtained in the demand for family planning satisfied, antenatal care visits, postnatal care for mothers, and exclusive breast-feeding. Antibiotic treatment for acute pneumonia increased significantly by 12.8 percentage points. The majority of the LGAs were classifiable as low-performing, high-priority areas for intensified program intervention. Conclusions: Despite the limited time left in the countdown to December 2015, Sokoto State, Nigeria, is not on track to achieving the MDG 90% coverage of indicators tied to the continuum of maternal and child care, to reduce maternal and childhood mortality by a third by 2015. Targeted health system investments at the primary care level remain a priority, for intensive program scale-up to accelerate impact. KW - child health KW - health care KW - health services KW - human diseases KW - maternity services KW - neonates KW - primary health care KW - quality of care KW - Nigeria KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - West Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163020268&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.globalhealthaction.net/index.php/gha/article/view/27526 UR - email: dabegunde@tshipnigeria.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Meeting demand for family planning within a generation: prospects and implications at country level. AU - Choi YoonJoung AU - Fabic, M. S. AU - Hounton, S. AU - Koroma, D. T3 - Special Issue: Family planning. JO - Global Health Action JF - Global Health Action Y1 - 2015/// VL - 8 SP - 29734 EP - 29734 CY - Stockholm; Sweden PB - Co-Action Publishing SN - 1654-9716 AD - Choi YoonJoung: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20163019477. Publication Type: Journal Article. Note: Special Issue: Family planning. Language: English. Number of References: 18 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - Background: In order to track progress towards the target of universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services of the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a measure (demand for family planning satisfied with modern contraceptive methods) and a benchmark (at least 75% by 2030 in all countries) have been recommended. Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the prospects of reaching the benchmark at the country level. Such information can facilitate strategic planning, including resource allocation at global and country levels. Design: We selected 63 countries based on their status as least developed according to the United Nations or as a priority country in global family planning initiatives. Using United Nations estimates and projections of family planning indicators between 1970 and 2030, we calculated percent demand for family planning satisfied with modern contraceptive methods for each year and country. We then calculated the annual percentage point changes between 2014 and 2030 required to meet the benchmark. The required rates of change were compared to current projections as well as estimates between 1970 and 2010. Results: To reach the benchmark on average across the 63 countries, demand satisfied with modern methods must increase by 2.2 percentage points per year between 2014 and 2030 - more than double current projections. Between 1970 and 2010, such rapid progress was observed in 24 study countries but typically spanning 5-10 years. At currently projected rates, only 9 of the 63 study countries will reach the benchmark. Meanwhile, the gap between projected and required changes is largest in the Central and West African regions, 0.9 and 3.0 percentage points per year, respectively. If the benchmark is achieved, 334 million women across the study countries will use a modern contraceptive method in 2030, compared to 226 million women in 2014. Conclusions: In order to achieve the component of the SDGs calling for universal access to sexual and reproductive health services, substantial effort is needed to accelerate rates of progress by a factor of 2 in most study countries and by a factor of 3 in Central and West African countries. KW - contraception KW - contraceptives KW - family planning KW - health services KW - reproductive health KW - sexual health KW - Developing Countries KW - Least Developed Countries KW - man KW - countries KW - Developing Countries KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - birth control KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163019477&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.globalhealthaction.net/index.php/gha/article/view/29734 UR - email: ychoi@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-acting, injectable antiretroviral therapy for the management of HIV infection: an update on a potential game-changer. AU - Mobula, L. AU - Barnhart, M. AU - Malati, C. AU - Rakhmanina, N. AU - Minior, T. AU - Amzel, A. AU - Ferris, R. AU - Phelps, B. R. JO - Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research JF - Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research Y1 - 2015/// VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 466 EP - 466 CY - Los Angeles; USA PB - OMICS Publishing Group SN - 2155-6113 AD - Mobula, L.: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20153313393. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 63 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - The efficacy of daily oral antiretroviral (ARVs), even when combined with supplemental adherence strategies, remains limited by non-adherence. Resistance and treatment failure resulting from missed ARV doses continue to hamper efforts to curb the epidemic. This commentary argues that we must simplify ARV regimens even further, and highlights the potential for long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations to facilitate weekly, monthly, and multi-month ARV regimens in both resource rich and resource poor settings. We summarize the latest progress in LAI development and reflect on the potential of LAIs to revolutionize HIV management and define the next frontier of HIV medicine. KW - antiretroviral agents KW - antiviral agents KW - efficacy KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - multiple drug therapy KW - regimens KW - treatment failure KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - combination drug therapy KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - Pesticides and Drugs; Control (HH405) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153313393&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20153313393 UR - http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/longacting-injectable-antiretroviral-therapy-for-the-management-of-hiv-infection-an-update-on-a-potential-gamechanger-2155-6113-1000466.php?aid=54755 UR - email: mmobula@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The demographic stretch of the arc of life: social and cultural changes that follow the demographic transition. AU - Pablos-Mendez, A. AU - Radloff, S. R. AU - Khajavi, K. AU - Dunst, S. A. JO - Global Health: Science and Practice JF - Global Health: Science and Practice Y1 - 2015/// VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 341 EP - 351 CY - Washington; USA PB - U.S. Agency for International Development SN - 2169-575X AD - Pablos-Mendez, A.: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20153335144. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 55 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - The demographic transition from high to low levels of mortality and fertility brings about changes that stretch the "arc of life," making each stage of life longer and creating new ones - a phenomenon we call "the demographic stretch." This stretch can transform societal structure, for example, by extending childhood, shifting working ages up, delaying marriage and childbearing, improving women's status and equity, and pushing the burden of chronic disease and disability to older ages. Global health efforts must address the resultant economic and social changes. This paper explores the social and cultural implications of this "demographic stretch" and the impact of different timing across generations and geographical regions using publicly available country data. KW - children KW - cultural behaviour KW - cultural change KW - demography KW - educational attendance KW - fertility KW - lifestyle KW - marriage KW - mortality KW - public health KW - sociology KW - women KW - world KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - behavior KW - cultural behavior KW - death rate KW - global health KW - school attendance KW - social aspects KW - worldwide KW - Demography (UU200) KW - Social Psychology and Social Anthropology (UU485) (New March 2000) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153335144&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/3/3/341.full UR - email: sdunst1@jhu.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Family planning policy environment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: levers of positive change and prospects for sustainability. AU - Mukaba, T. AU - Binanga, A. AU - Fohl, S. AU - Bertrand, J. T. JO - Global Health: Science and Practice JF - Global Health: Science and Practice Y1 - 2015/// VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 163 EP - 173 CY - Washington; USA PB - U.S. Agency for International Development SN - 2169-575X AD - Mukaba, T.: United States Agency for International Development/Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa, Congo Democratic Republic. N1 - Accession Number: 20153251998. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 26 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - This article documents the evolution of the family planning policy environment in the Congo Democratic Republic, analyses the events that led to positive change, and identifies the factors that could influence the durability of this change. KW - family planning KW - health policy KW - reproductive health KW - Congo Democratic Republic KW - man KW - ACP Countries KW - Central Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Africa KW - Francophone Africa KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Zaire KW - Health Economics (EE118) (New March 2000) KW - Policy and Planning (EE120) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153251998&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/3/2/163.full UR - email: bertrand@tulane.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Scaling up technologies for small-scale vegetable farming systems in Southeast Asia. AU - Jahn, G. C. AU - Davies, F. T. AU - Bowman, J. E. A2 - Hughes, J. d'A. A2 - Kasemsap, P. A2 - Dasgupta, S. A2 - Dutta, O. P. A2 - Ketsa, S. A2 - Chaikiattiyos, S. A2 - Linwattana, G. A2 - Kosiyachinda, S. A2 - Chantrasmi, V. T2 - Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Sustaining Small-Scale Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems for Food and Nutrition Security (SEAVEG2014), 25-27 February 2014, Bangkok, Thailand T3 - AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Publication No. 15-785 JO - Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Sustaining Small-Scale Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems for Food and Nutrition Security (SEAVEG2014), 25-27 February 2014, Bangkok, Thailand JF - Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Sustaining Small-Scale Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems for Food and Nutrition Security (SEAVEG2014), 25-27 February 2014, Bangkok, Thailand Y1 - 2015/// SP - 452 EP - 459 CY - Tainan; Taiwan PB - AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center SN - 9290582073 AD - Jahn, G. C.: USAID, Bureau of Food Security/Office Agricultural Res. & Policy 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20153437679. Publication Type: Conference paper. Note: AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Publication No. 15-785 Language: English. Number of References: 24 ref. Subject Subsets: World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology; Tropical Diseases; Wheat, Barley & Triticale Abstracts; Horticultural Science; Rural Development N2 - This paper describes the role of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) agricultural research strategy for scaling-up small farmer vegetable systems in Southeast Asia, as part of the U.S. Government's Feed the Future initiative. The production, marketing, and research of vegetables are part of Feed the Future's portfolio for reducing hunger, stunting, and poverty. Short-term impact is focused on horticultural value chain projects managed by USAID field missions in countries such as Cambodia and Bangladesh, whereas long-term impact is pursued through global research initiatives that address sustainable intensification (SI) of targeted agroecological zones. Small-scale vegetable farming is an opportunity to: reduce malnutrition, hunger, and poverty; generate employment; create niche market opportunities for smallholder farmers on small acreage; and generate income for women. Unlike agronomic crops (e.g., corn, wheat, rice, sorghum) that require larger land availability for economies of scale, vegetable crops can be profitably grown under reduced acreage. Urbanization favors intensive production of high-value vegetable crops. Examples of technologies that could be scaled up to improve vegetable production include solar irrigation pumps, drying beads for vegetable seeds, integrated pest management (IPM), and biologically-based pest control techniques. KW - acreage KW - crop production KW - employment KW - farming systems KW - horticulture KW - hunger KW - income KW - intensification KW - malnutrition KW - markets KW - small farms KW - sustainability KW - technology KW - urban agriculture KW - USDA KW - vegetables KW - South East Asia KW - Asia KW - agricultural systems KW - jobs KW - poverty alleviation KW - Southeast Asia KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - vegetable crops KW - Agricultural Economics (EE110) KW - Horticultural Economics (EE111) (New March 2000) KW - Labour and Employment (EE900) KW - Income and Poverty (EE950) KW - Horticultural Crops (FF003) (New March 2000) KW - Plant Production (FF100) KW - Plant Cropping Systems (FF150) KW - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) KW - Nutrition Related Disorders and Therapeutic Nutrition (VV130) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153437679&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20153437679 UR - http://203.64.245.61/fulltext_pdf/EB/2011-2015/eb0227.pdf UR - email: gjahn@usaid.gov\f-davies@tamu.edu\jobowman@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Case study: Bangladesh. AU - Ebbing, H. AU - Rosenzweig, J. AU - Rezaul Karim T2 - Scaling up rice fortification in Asia Y1 - 2015/// CY - Basel; Switzerland PB - Sight and Life SN - 9783906415788 AD - Ebbing, H.: World Food Programme Regional Bureau for Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. N1 - Accession Number: 20153364688. Publication Type: Book chapter. Language: English. Number of References: 10 ref. Subject Subsets: Rice; World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology; Agricultural Engineering; Human Nutrition; Rural Development; Postharvest Research KW - case studies KW - communication KW - cooperation KW - food industry KW - food supply KW - fortification KW - government KW - investment KW - nutrition programmes KW - private sector KW - public sector KW - rice KW - silos KW - standards KW - supply balance KW - sustainability KW - technical aid KW - Bangladesh KW - Oryza sativa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - South Asia KW - Asia KW - Oryza KW - Poaceae KW - Cyperales KW - monocotyledons KW - angiosperms KW - Spermatophyta KW - plants KW - eukaryotes KW - capital outlay KW - feeding programmes KW - feeding programs KW - fortified food KW - nutrition programs KW - paddy KW - public-private sector partnerships KW - supply and demand KW - Agencies and Organizations (DD100) KW - Food Economics (EE116) (New March 2000) KW - Supply, Demand and Prices (EE130) KW - Investment, Finance and Credit (EE800) KW - Cleaning, Grading, Handling, Storage and Transport Equipment (NN460) KW - Crop Produce (QQ050) KW - Food Processing (General) (QQ100) KW - Communication and Mass Media (UU360) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20153364688&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does a significant reduction in malaria risk make lopinavir/ritonavir-based ART cost-effective for children with HIV in co-endemic, low-resource settings? AU - Ahmed, B. S. AU - Phelps, B. R. AU - Reuben, E. B. AU - Ferris, R. E. JO - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene JF - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Y1 - 2014/// VL - 108 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 54 CY - Oxford; UK PB - Oxford University Press SN - 0035-9203 AD - Ahmed, B. S.: United States Agency for International Development, Office of HIV/AIDS, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143044397. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 42 ref. Registry Number: 192725-17-0, 155213-67-5. Subject Subsets: Protozoology; Public Health; Tropical Diseases N2 - Background: HIV infection and malaria co-infection is not uncommon among children in co-endemic regions, and evidence suggests that HIV is a risk factor for severe malaria among children. HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are highly effective in pediatric HIV treatment regimens, however, their effectiveness against malaria has been mixed, with some PIs demonstrating in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Recent findings suggest lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based treatment regimens reduce the incidence of malaria infection by over 40% in pediatric HIV patients compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens. Methods: We assessed whether a significant reduction in malaria risk makes LPV/r-based ART regimens cost-effective compared to NNRTI-based regimens in co-endemic, low-resource settings. We modeled the difference in unit cost per disability adjusted life year (DALY) gained among two theoretical groups of HIV+ children under 5 years old receiving ART in a resource-limited setting co-endemic for malaria. The first group received standard NNRTI-based antiretrovirals, the second group received a standard regimen containing LPV/r. We used recent cohort data for the incidence reduction for malaria. Drug costs were taken from the 2011 Clinton Health Access Initiative Antiretroviral (ARV) ceiling price list. DALYs for HIV and malaria were derived from WHO estimates. Results: Our model suggests a unit cost of US$147 per DALY gained for the LPV/r-based group compared to US$37 per DALY gained for the NNRTI-based group. Conclusion: In HIV and malaria co-endemic settings, considerations of PI cost effectiveness incorporating known reductions in malaria mortality suggest a nominal increase in DALYs gained for PIs over NNRTI-based regimens for HIV positive children under five on ART. Our analysis was based on several assumptions due to lack of sound data on malaria and HIV DALY attribution among pediatric populations. Further study in this area is required. KW - antiretroviral agents KW - antiviral agents KW - children KW - cost effectiveness analysis KW - disease prevention KW - health care costs KW - highly active antiretroviral therapy KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - infections KW - less favoured areas KW - lopinavir KW - malaria KW - parasites KW - preschool children KW - protozoal infections KW - reverse transcriptase inhibitors KW - risk reduction KW - ritonavir KW - man KW - Plasmodium KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Plasmodium KW - Plasmodiidae KW - Haemospororida KW - Apicomplexa KW - Protozoa KW - invertebrates KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - less favored areas KW - low income areas KW - problem areas KW - protozoal diseases KW - Health Economics (EE118) (New March 2000) KW - Pesticides and Drugs; Control (HH405) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Protozoan, Helminth and Arthropod Parasites of Humans (VV220) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143044397&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://trstmh.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year UR - email: bahmed@hmc.psu.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. AU - Polis, C. B. AU - Phillips, S. J. AU - Curtis, K. M. AU - Westreich, D. J. AU - Steyn, P. S. AU - Raymond, E. AU - Hannaford, P. AU - Turner, A. N. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2014/// VL - 90 IS - 4 SP - 360 EP - 390 CY - New York; USA PB - Elsevier SN - 0010-7824 AD - Polis, C. B.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143352096. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 88 ref. Registry Number: 520-85-4, 71-58-9, 68-22-4. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Whether use of various types of hormonal contraception (HC) affect risk of HIV acquisition is a critical question for women's health. For this systematic review, we identified 22 studies published by January 15, 2014 which met inclusion criteria; we classified thirteen studies as having severe methodological limitations, and nine studies as "informative but with important limitations". Overall, data do not support an association between use of oral contraceptives and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Uncertainty persists regarding whether an association exists between depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use and risk of HIV acquisition. Most studies suggested no significantly increased HIV risk with norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) use, but when assessed in the same study, point estimates for NET-EN tended to be larger than for DMPA, though 95% confidence intervals overlapped substantially. No data have suggested significantly increased risk of HIV acquisition with use of implants, though data were limited. No data are available on the relationship between use of contraceptive patches, rings, or hormonal intrauterine devices and risk of HIV acquisition. Women choosing progestin-only injectable contraceptives such as DMPA or NET-EN should be informed of the current uncertainty regarding whether use of these methods increases risk of HIV acquisition, and like all women at risk of HIV, should be empowered to access and use condoms and other HIV preventative measures. Programs, practitioners, and women urgently need guidance on how to maximize health with respect to avoiding both unintended pregnancy and HIV given inconclusive or limited data for certain HC methods. KW - contraception KW - contraceptives KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - literature reviews KW - medroxyprogesterone KW - norethisterone KW - oral contraceptives KW - risk KW - sex hormones KW - synthetic progestogens KW - systematic reviews KW - viral diseases KW - women KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - birth control KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - MAP KW - methylacetoxyprogesterone KW - viral infections KW - Women (UU500) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143352096&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001078241400571X UR - email: cpolis@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preference for Sayana® Press versus intramuscular Depo-Provera among HIV-positive women in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized crossover trial. AU - Polis, C. B. AU - Nakigozi, G. F. AU - Nakawooya, H. AU - Mondo, G. AU - Makumbi, F. AU - Gray, R. H. JO - Contraception JF - Contraception Y1 - 2014/// VL - 89 IS - 5 SP - 385 EP - 395 CY - New York; USA PB - Elsevier SN - 0010-7824 AD - Polis, C. B.: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143211410. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Registry Number: 520-85-4, 71-58-9. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - Introduction: Sayana Press (SP), a subcutaneous formulation of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) prefilled in a Uniject injection system, could potentially improve and expand contraceptive injection services, but acceptability of SP is unknown. HIV-positive women need contraception to avoid unintended pregnancy and risk of vertical HIV transmission. We assessed acceptability of SP versus intramuscular DMPA (DMPA-IM) among HIV-positive women and their care providers in Rakai, Uganda. Methods: Women were randomized to DMPA-IM or SP at baseline, received the alternate product at 3 months, and chose their preferred method at 6 months. We determined preferences among new and experienced contraceptive injectable users who had tried both types of injection during the trial, and from providers before and after providing both types of injectables to clients. Results: Among 357 women randomized, 314 were followed up at 6 months (88%). Although SP caused more skin irritation than DMPA-IM (3.8% vs. 0% at 6 months, p=.03), it was associated with marginally fewer side effects (30.4% vs. 40.4% at 6 months, p=.06). Participants reported high levels of willingness to recommend the DMPA contraception to a friend and satisfaction with the injection received, and these did not differ by injection type. Sixty-four percent of women and 73% of providers preferred SP to DMPA-IM at 6 months; women's preferences did not differ by previous experience with injectable contraception. Conclusions: SP is acceptable to HIV-positive women and health care providers in this rural Ugandan population. Implications: SP appears to be acceptable to HIV-positive women and their care providers in Rakai, Uganda, and strategies for appropriate rollout of this innovative technology should be explored. KW - contraception KW - contraceptives KW - disease transmission KW - health care KW - health care workers KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - intramuscular injection KW - medroxyprogesterone KW - mothers KW - pregnancy KW - rural areas KW - viral diseases KW - women KW - Uganda KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - birth control KW - gestation KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - MAP KW - methylacetoxyprogesterone KW - viral infections KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143211410&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010782413006951 UR - email: cpolis@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV communication capacity strengthening: a critical review. AU - Lettenmaier, C. AU - Kraft, J. M. AU - Raisanen, K. AU - Serlemitsos, E. A2 - Vermund, S. H. A2 - Lith, L. M. van A2 - Holtgrave, D. T3 - Special Issue: Strategic roles for health communication in combination HIV prevention and care programs. JO - JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2014/// VL - 66 IS - Suppl. 3 SP - S300 EP - S305 CY - Hagerstown; USA PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. SN - 1525-4135 AD - Lettenmaier, C.: United States Agency for International Development, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143254265. Publication Type: Journal Article. Note: Special Issue: Strategic roles for health communication in combination HIV prevention and care programs. Language: English. Number of References: 54 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - HIV communication is most effective and sustainable when it is designed and implemented locally and tailored to the local context. This requires capacity strengthening at national, subnational, and community levels. Through a review of the published and selected "grey" literature, we examine HIV communication capacity strengthening: definitions, measurements, implementation, and effects. We found limited documentation of HIV communication capacity needs or systematic approaches to address them. Most HIV communication capacity strengthening to date has focused on building individual competencies to design and manage social and behavior change communication programs through training courses, often coupled with networking opportunities for participants, post-training mentoring, and technical assistance. A few of these efforts have been evaluated through pre- and post-training tests and qualitative interviews with participants and have shown potential for improvement in individual skills and knowledge. Health communication capacity assessment tools that measure individual and organizational competencies exist, but they have most often been used to identify capacity building needs, not for evaluating capacity strengthening efforts. A new definition of capacity strengthening, grown out of recent efforts to improve effectiveness of international health and development programs, focuses on improving organizational and societal systems that support performance and individual competencies. We propose a holistic model for HIV communication capacity strengthening and call for rigorous documentation and evaluation to determine and scale-up optimal capacity building interventions for strengthening social and behavior change communication for HIV prevention, care, and treatment in developing countries. KW - behaviour KW - behaviour modification KW - behavioural changes KW - communication KW - disease prevention KW - health programmes KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - literature reviews KW - social change KW - viral diseases KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - behavior KW - behavior change KW - behavior modification KW - health programs KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - viral infections KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143254265&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2014/08151/HIV_Communication_Capacity_Strengthening___A.9.aspx UR - email: cheryll@jhuccpug.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lessons learned from scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision focusing on adolescents: benefits, challenges, and potential opportunities for linkages with adolescent HIV, sexual, and reproductive health services. AU - Njeuhmeli, E. AU - Hatzold, K. AU - Gold, E. AU - Mahler, H. AU - Kripke, K. AU - Seifert-Ahanda, K. AU - Castor, D. AU - Mavhu, W. AU - Mugurungi, O. AU - Ncube, G. AU - Koshuma, S. AU - Sgaier, S. K. AU - Conly, S. R. AU - Kasedde, S. A2 - Kasedde, S. A2 - Kapogiannis, B. G. A2 - McClure, C. A2 - Luo, C. JO - JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JF - JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Y1 - 2014/// VL - 66 IS - Suppl. 2 SP - S193 EP - S199 CY - Hagerstown; USA PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. SN - 1525-4135 AD - Njeuhmeli, E.: USAID Washington/Global Health Bureau/Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143235615. Publication Type: Journal Article; Conference paper. Language: English. Number of References: 31 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Background and Methods: By December 2013, it was estimated that close to 6 million men had been circumcised in the 14 priority countries for scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), the majority being adolescents (10-19 years). This article discusses why efforts to scale up VMMC should prioritize adolescent men, drawing from new evidence and experiences at the international, country, and service delivery levels. Furthermore, we review the extent to which VMMC programs have reached adolescents, addressed their specific needs, and can be linked to their sexual and reproductive health and other key services. Results and Discussion: In priority countries, adolescents represent 34%-55% of the target population to be circumcised, whereas program data from these countries show that adolescents represent between 35% and 74% of the circumcised men. VMMC for adolescents has several advantages: uptake of services among adolescents is culturally and socially more acceptable than for adults; there are fewer barriers regarding sexual abstinence during healing or female partner pressures; VMMC performed before the age of sexual debut has maximum long-term impact on reducing HIV risk at the individual level and consequently reduces the risk of transmission in the population. Offered as a comprehensive package, adolescent VMMC can potentially increase public health benefits and offers opportunities for addressing gender norms. Additional research is needed to assess whether current VMMC services address the specific needs of adolescent clients, to test adapted tools, and to assess linkages between VMMC and other adolescent-focused HIV, health, and social services. KW - adolescents KW - boys KW - children KW - circumcision KW - culture KW - health services KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - reproductive health KW - risk reduction KW - sexual behaviour KW - sexual health KW - sociology KW - systematic reviews KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - sexual behavior KW - sexual practices KW - sexuality KW - social aspects KW - teenagers KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Social Psychology and Social Anthropology (UU485) (New March 2000) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143235615&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2014/07011/Lessons_Learned_From_Scale_Up_of_Voluntary_Medical.7.aspx UR - email: enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using measurements of unmet need to inform program investments for health service integration. AU - Malarcher, S. AU - Polis, C. B. T3 - Special Issue: Unmet need for family planning. JO - Studies in Family Planning JF - Studies in Family Planning Y1 - 2014/// VL - 45 IS - 2 SP - 263 EP - 275 CY - Boston; USA PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 0039-3665 AD - Malarcher, S.: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143223966. Publication Type: Journal Article. Note: Special Issue: Unmet need for family planning. Language: English. Number of References: 26 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Rural Development N2 - Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data could potentially inform optimal strategies to reach women having unmet need with contraceptive services through integrated service delivery. Using 2010-11 DHS data from Nepal, Senegal, and Uganda, we estimate the proportion of married or cohabitating women of reproductive age (MWRA) having unmet need for family planning (FP) who have accessed selected health services and therefore could be offered FP services through integrated service delivery. We find substantial missed opportunities to reach MWRA having unmet need for family planning (FP) in the three countries examined. We also find considerable variation within and between countries in the potential for integrated services to reach women having unmet need. Between 4 percent and 57 percent of MWRA having unmet need in these countries could be reached through integration of FP into any single-service delivery platform we explored. This analysis has the potential to provide program managers with an evidence-based road map indicating which service-delivery platforms offer the greatest potential to reach the largest number of women having unmet need for contraception. KW - contraception KW - demography KW - family planning KW - health KW - health services KW - planning KW - surveys KW - women KW - Nepal KW - Senegal KW - Uganda KW - man KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - South Asia KW - Asia KW - ACP Countries KW - Francophone Africa KW - Africa KW - West Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - East Africa KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - birth control KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Demography (UU200) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Health Economics (EE118) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143223966&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00388.x/full UR - email: smalarcher@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building alliances for improving newborn health in Latin America and the Caribbean. AU - Miller-Petrie, M. K. AU - Mazia, G. AU - Serpa, M. AU - Pooley, B. AU - Marshall, M. AU - Meléndez, C. AU - Vicuña, M. JO - Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health JF - Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health Y1 - 2014/// VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 44 EP - 49 CY - Washington; USA PB - Pan American Health Organization SN - 1020-4989 AD - Miller-Petrie, M. K.: PATH/United States Agency for International Development, Bureau of Global Health, Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)/Latin American and Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, London, UK. N1 - Accession Number: 20143343735. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Language of Summary: Spanish. Number of References: 16 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Rural Development; Agroforestry N2 - The regional Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Neonatal Alliance and national neonatal alliances in Bolivia, El Salvador, and Peru were studied through in-depth interviews and a review of publications. Findings were analyzed to distill successful strategies, structures, and tools for improving neonatal health by working through alliances that can be replicated at the regional or national level. The studies found the following factors were the most critical for successful outcomes from alliance work: inclusion of the Ministry of Health as a leader or primary stakeholder; a committed, diverse, technically expert, and horizontal membership; the presence of champions for neonatal health at the national level; development of a shared work plan based on feasible objectives; the use of shared financing mechanisms; the use of informal and dynamic organizational structures; and a commitment to scientific evidence-based programming. The relationship between the regional and national alliances was found to be mutually beneficial. KW - health care KW - health services KW - leadership KW - neonates KW - stakeholders KW - Bolivia KW - Caribbean KW - El Salvador KW - Latin America KW - Peru KW - man KW - Andean Group KW - Developing Countries KW - Latin America KW - America KW - South America KW - CACM KW - Central America KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - APEC countries KW - Salvador KW - West Indies KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143343735&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892014000600007&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en UR - email: mmpetrie@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community engagement to enhance child survival and early development in low- and middle-income countries: an evidence review. AU - Farnsworth, S. K. AU - Böse, K. AU - Fajobi, O. AU - Souza, P. P. AU - Peniston, A. AU - Davidson, L. L. AU - Griffiths, M. AU - Hodgins, S. A2 - Ratzan, S. T3 - Special Issue: Population-level behavior change to enhance child survival and development in low- and middle-income countries: a review of the evidence. JO - Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives JF - Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives Y1 - 2014/// VL - 19 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 67 EP - 88 CY - Philadelphia; USA PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 1081-0730 AD - Farnsworth, S. K.: Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143403544. Publication Type: Journal Article. Note: Special Issue: Population-level behavior change to enhance child survival and development in low- and middle-income countries: a review of the evidence. Language: English. Number of References: 42 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - As part of a broader evidence summit, USAID and UNICEF convened a literature review of effective means to empower communities to achieve behavioral and social changes to accelerate reductions in under-5 mortality and optimize early child development. The authors conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of community mobilization and participation that led to behavioral change and one or more of the following: child health, survival, and development. The level and nature of community engagement was categorized using two internationally recognized models and only studies where the methods of community participation could be categorized as collaborative or shared leadership were eligible for analysis. The authors identified 34 documents from 18 countries that met the eligibility criteria. Studies with shared leadership typically used a comprehensive community action cycle, whereas studies characterized as collaborative showed clear emphasis on collective action but did not undergo an initial process of community dialogue. The review concluded that programs working collaboratively or achieving shared leadership with a community can lead to behavior change and cost-effective sustained transformation to improve critical health behaviors and reduce poor health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, community engagement is an understudied component of improving child outcomes. KW - behavioural changes KW - child health KW - children KW - community action KW - community involvement KW - early childhood development KW - empowerment KW - health behaviour KW - leadership KW - mortality KW - preschool children KW - social change KW - survival KW - systematic reviews KW - Developing Countries KW - man KW - countries KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - behavior change KW - death rate KW - health behavior KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - Community Participation and Development (UU450) (New March 2000) KW - Social Psychology and Social Anthropology (UU485) (New March 2000) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143403544&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uhcm20 UR - email: sfarnsworth@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding private retail drug outlet dispenser knowledge and practices in tuberculosis care in Tanzania. AU - Rutta, E. AU - Tarimo, A. AU - Delmotte, E. AU - James, I. AU - Mwakisu, S. AU - Kasembe, D. AU - Konduri, N. AU - Silumbe, R. AU - Kakanda, K. AU - Valimba, R. JO - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Y1 - 2014/// VL - 18 IS - 9 SP - 1108 EP - 1113 CY - Paris; France PB - International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease SN - 1027-3719 AD - Rutta, E.: System for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services, Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Management Sciences for Health, United States Agency for International Development, Arlington, Virginia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143341040. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 21 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - SETTING: Private sector accredited drug dispensing outlets in Morogoro and pharmacies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. OBJECTIVE: To assess (1) the level of knowledge about tuberculosis (TB) among dispensers in Tanzania's retail pharmaceutical sector; (2) practices related to identification of patients with suspected TB; (3) the availability of educational materials and training; and (4) the availability of first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis treatment in retail drug outlets. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study involving the administration of a structured questionnaire among drug dispensers in 122 pharmacies and 173 accredited drug dispensing outlets. RESULTS: Private retail drug outlets are convenient; most are open at least 12 h per day, 7 days/week. Although 95% of dispensers identified persistent cough as a symptom of TB, only 1% had received TB-related training in the previous 3 years; 8% of outlets stocked first-line anti-tuberculosis medicines, which are legally prohibited from being sold at retail outlets. The majority of respondents reported seeing clients with TB-like symptoms, and of these 95% reported frequently referring clients to nearby health facilities. CONCLUSION: Private retail pharmaceutical outlets can potentially contribute to TB case detection and treatment; however, a coordinated effort is needed to train dispensers and implement appropriate referral procedures. KW - antituberculous agents KW - health care workers KW - human diseases KW - knowledge KW - knowledge level KW - pharmacy KW - tuberculosis KW - Tanzania KW - man KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Mycobacterium KW - Mycobacteriaceae KW - Corynebacterineae KW - Actinomycetales KW - Actinobacteridae KW - Actinobacteria KW - Bacteria KW - prokaryotes KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - SADC Countries KW - bacterium KW - Tanganyika KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143341040&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/ijtld UR - email: erutta@msh.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health service barriers to HIV testing and counseling among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic; a cross-sectional study. AU - Kwapong, G. D. AU - Boateng, D. AU - Agyei-Baffour, P. AU - Addy, E. A. JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research Y1 - 2014/// VL - 14 IS - 267 SP - (19 June 2014) EP - (19 June 2014) CY - London; UK PB - BioMed Central Ltd SN - 1472-6963 AD - Kwapong, G. D.: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Focus Region Health Projects, Accra, Ghana. N1 - Accession Number: 20143255345. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 50 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Rural Development N2 - Background: HIV testing and counseling (HTC) remains critical in the global efforts to reach a goal of universal access to prevention and timely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and health care. Routine HIV testing has been shown to be cost-effective and life-saving by prolonging the life expectancy of HIV patients and reducing the annual HIV transmission rate. However, these benefits of routine HIV testing may not be seen among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) due to health facility related factors. This paper presents the influence of health facility related factors on HTC to inform HTC implementation. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design and used structured questionnaire and interview guides to gather information from 300 pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years and had attended ANC for more than twice at the time of the study. Twelve health workers were interviewed as key informants. Respondents were selected from the five sub metro health facilities in the Kumasi Metropolis through systematic random sampling from August to November 2011. Pregnant women who had not tested after two or more ANC visits were classified as not utilizing HTC. Data was analyzed with STATA 11. Logistic regression was run to assess the odds ratios at 95% confidence level. Results: Twenty-four percent of the pregnant women had not undergone HTC, with "never been told" emerging as the most cited reason as reported by 29.5% of respondents. Decisions by pregnant women to take up HTC were mostly influenced by factors such as lack of information, perceptions of privacy and confidentiality, waiting time, poor relationship with health staff and fear of being positive. Conclusions: Access to HTC health facility alone does not translate into utilization of HTC service. Improving health facility related factors such as health education and information, confidentiality, health staff turnaround time and health staff-client relationship related to HTC will improve implementation. KW - attitudes KW - beliefs KW - counselling KW - disease transmission KW - health care KW - health education KW - health services KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - life expectancy KW - pregnancy KW - questionnaires KW - risk factors KW - testing KW - viral diseases KW - women KW - Ghana KW - man KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - West Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - counseling KW - gestation KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - viral infections KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Diagnosis of Human Disease (VV720) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143255345&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6963-14-267.pdf UR - email: kingdannie@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A community health worker "logic model": towards a theory of enhanced performance in low- and middle-income countries. AU - Naimoli, J. F. AU - Frymus, D. E. AU - Wuliji, T. AU - Franco, L. M. AU - Newsome, M. H. JO - Human Resources for Health JF - Human Resources for Health Y1 - 2014/// VL - 12 IS - 56 SP - (2 October 2014) EP - (2 October 2014) CY - London; UK PB - BioMed Central Ltd SN - 1478-4491 AD - Naimoli, J. F.: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143382698. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 40 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Background: There has been a resurgence of interest in national Community Health Worker (CHW) programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A lack of strong research evidence persists, however, about the most efficient and effective strategies to ensure optimal, sustained performance of CHWs at scale. To facilitate learning and research to address this knowledge gap, the authors developed a generic CHW logic model that proposes a theoretical causal pathway to improved performance. The logic model draws upon available research and expert knowledge on CHWs in LMICs. Methods: Construction of the model entailed a multi-stage, inductive, two-year process. It began with the planning and implementation of a structured review of the existing research on community and health system support for enhanced CHW performance. It continued with a facilitated discussion of review findings with experts during a two-day consultation. The process culminated with the authors' review of consultation-generated documentation, additional analysis, and production of multiple iterations of the model. Results: The generic CHW logic model posits that optimal CHW performance is a function of high quality CHW programming, which is reinforced, sustained, and brought to scale by robust, high-performing health and community systems, both of which mobilize inputs and put in place processes needed to fully achieve performance objectives. Multiple contextual factors can influence CHW programming, system functioning, and CHW performance. Conclusions: The model is a novel contribution to current thinking about CHWs. It places CHW performance at the center of the discussion about CHW programming, recognizes the strengths and limitations of discrete, targeted programs, and is comprehensive, reflecting the current state of both scientific and tacit knowledge about support for improving CHW performance. The model is also a practical tool that offers guidance for continuous learning about what works. Despite the model's limitations and several challenges in translating the potential for learning into tangible learning, the CHW generic logic model provides a solid basis for exploring and testing a causal pathway to improved performance. KW - community health KW - community health services KW - health care KW - health care utilization KW - health programmes KW - health promotion KW - health programs KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143382698&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-12-56.pdf UR - email: jnaimoli@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost analysis of integrating the PrePex medical device into a voluntary medical male circumcision program in Zimbabwe. AU - Njeuhmeli, E. AU - Kripke, K. AU - Hatzold, K. AU - Reed, J. AU - Edgil, D. AU - Jaramillo, J. AU - Castor, D. AU - Forsythe, S. AU - Xaba, S. AU - Mugurungi, O. JO - PLoS ONE JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2014/// VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - e82533 EP - e82533 CY - San Francisco; USA PB - Public Library of Sciences (PLoS) SN - 1932-6203 AD - Njeuhmeli, E.: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143246269. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 19 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Rural Development N2 - Background: Fourteen African countries are scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention. Several devices that might offer alternatives to the three WHO-approved surgical VMMC procedures have been evaluated for use in adults. One such device is PrePex, which was prequalified by the WHO in May 2013. We utilized data from one of the PrePex field studies undertaken in Zimbabwe to identify cost considerations for introducing PrePex into the existing surgical circumcision program. Methods and Findings: We evaluated the cost drivers and overall unit cost of VMMC at a site providing surgical VMMC as a routine service ("routine surgery site") and at a site that had added PrePex VMMC procedures to routine surgical VMMC as part of a research study ("mixed study site"). We examined the main cost drivers and modeled hypothetical scenarios with varying ratios of surgical to PrePex circumcisions, different levels of site utilization, and a range of device prices. The unit costs per VMMC for the routine surgery and mixed study sites were $56 and $61, respectively. The two greatest contributors to unit price at both sites were consumables and staff. In the hypothetical scenarios, the unit cost increased as site utilization decreased, as the ratio of PrePex to surgical VMMC increased, and as device price increased. Conclusions: VMMC unit costs for routine surgery and mixed study sites were similar. Low service utilization was projected to result in the greatest increases in unit price. Countries that wish to incorporate PrePex into their circumcision programs should plan to maximize staff utilization and ensure that sites function at maximum capacity to achieve the lowest unit cost. Further costing studies will be necessary once routine implementation of PrePex-based circumcision is established. KW - circumcision KW - cost analysis KW - disease prevention KW - health services KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - men KW - risk reduction KW - surgery KW - surgical operations KW - viral diseases KW - Zimbabwe KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - SADC Countries KW - Southern Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - costing KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - viral infections KW - Health Economics (EE118) (New March 2000) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Non-drug Therapy and Prophylaxis of Humans (VV710) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143246269&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0082533 UR - email: kkripke@futuresinstitute.org DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Set the pace: nutrition education DVD for head start parents. AU - Adedze, P. AU - Orr, R. A. AU - Chapman-Novakofski, K. AU - Donovan, S. M. JO - Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior JF - Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior Y1 - 2013/// VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 279 EP - 281 CY - Philadelphia; USA PB - Elsevier Inc. SN - 1499-4046 AD - Adedze, P.: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20133175281. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition KW - nutrition education KW - parents KW - videodiscs KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Education and Training (CC100) KW - Communication and Mass Media (UU360) KW - Human Nutrition (General) (VV100) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133175281&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499404612006161 UR - email: pascasie2@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the quality of data regarding use of the lactational amenorrhea method. AU - Fabic, M. S. AU - Choi, Y. J. JO - Studies in Family Planning JF - Studies in Family Planning Y1 - 2013/// VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 205 EP - 221 CY - Boston; USA PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 0039-3665 AD - Fabic, M. S.: Public Health Advisor, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20133203081. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 26 ref. Subject Subsets: Dairy Science; Public Health N2 - This study assesses the quality of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data regarding self-reported current use of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM). LAM is an important modern contraceptive method that, when practiced correctly, has a 98 percent effectiveness rate six-months postpartum. The objectives of this study are to examine the accuracy of self-reported LAM use, compared with the constructed correct-practice variable, and to explore differentials in accuracy measures by characteristics at the individual and survey level by analyzing data from 73 DHSs conducted in 45 countries between 1998 and 2011. Findings reveal that only 26 percent of reported LAM users meet the criteria for correct LAM practice. We discuss the implications for future DHS data collection and for family planning and maternal and child health programming. KW - amenorrhoea KW - children KW - data collection KW - demography KW - effects KW - family planning KW - health KW - lactation KW - milk KW - planning KW - surveys KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - amenorrhea KW - data logging KW - practices KW - Demography (UU200) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) KW - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133203081&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00353.x/pdf UR - email: ychoi@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Financial Incentives for Maternal Health. The US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 24-25 April 2012. A2 - Koblinsky, M. T2 - Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition JO - Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Y1 - 2013/// VL - 31 IS - 4 (Suppl. 2) SP - S1 EP - S128 CY - Dhaka; Bangladesh PB - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research SN - 1606-0997 AD - United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143113102. Publication Type: Journal issue; Conference proceedings. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - This supplement includes 8 papers providing an overview of each of the financial incentives for maternal health, along with conclusions and recommendations based on the literature reviewed and presentations made at the Evidence Summit. The effects of several financial incentives, including performance-based incentives, health insurance, user fee exemption programmes, conditional cash transfers, and vouchers, on the provision, use and quality of maternal health services and on maternal and neonatal health are discussed. KW - finance KW - health KW - health care KW - health care utilization KW - health insurance KW - health services KW - incentives KW - maternity services KW - mothers KW - neonates KW - quality of care KW - social welfare KW - women KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - conditional cash transfer KW - Health Economics (EE118) (New March 2000) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Women (UU500) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143113102&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20143113102 UR - http://www.jhpn.net/index.php/jhpn/issue/view/71/showToc DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating financial incentives for maternal health: an introduction. AU - Stanton, M. E. AU - Higgs, E. S. AU - Koblinsky, M. A2 - Koblinsky, M. JO - Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition JF - Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Y1 - 2013/// VL - 31 IS - 4 (Suppl. 2) SP - S1 EP - S7 CY - Dhaka; Bangladesh PB - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research SN - 1606-0997 AD - Stanton, M. E.: United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143113099. Publication Type: Journal Article; Conference paper. Language: English. Number of References: 12 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Projection of current trends in maternal and neonatal mortality reduction shows that many countries will fall short of the UN Millennium Development Goal 4 and 5. Underutilization of maternal health services contributes to this poor progress toward reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the quality of services continues to lag in many countries, with a negative effect on the health of women and their babies, including deterring women from seeking care. To enhance the use and provision of quality maternal care, countries and donors are increasingly using financial incentives. This paper introduces the JHPN Supplement, in which each paper reviews the evidence of the effectiveness of a specific financial incentive instrument with the aim of improving the use and quality of maternal healthcare and impact. The US Agency for International Development and the US National Institutes of Health convened a US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives on 24-25 April 2012 in Washington, DC. The Summit brought together leading global experts in finance, maternal health, and health systems from governments, academia, development organizations, and foundations to assess the evidence on whether financial incentives significantly and substantially increase provision, use and quality of maternal health services, and the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of these incentives. Evidence review teams evaluated the multidisciplinary evidence of various financial mechanisms, including supply-side incentives (e.g. performance-based financing, user fees, and various insurance mechanisms) and demand-side incentives (e.g. conditional cash transfers, vouchers, user fee exemptions, and subsidies for care-seeking). At the Summit, the teams presented a synthesis of evidence and initial recommendations on practice, policy, and research for discussion. The Summit enabled structured feedback on recommendations which the teams included in their final papers appearing in this Supplement. Papers in this Supplement review the evidence for a specific financial incentive mechanism (e.g. pay for performance, conditional cash transfer) to improve the use and quality of maternal healthcare and makes recommendations for programmes and future research. While data on programmes using financial incentives for improved use and indications of the quality of maternal health services support specific conclusions and recommendations, including those for future research, data linking the use of financial incentives with improved health outcomes are minimal. KW - finance KW - health care KW - health care utilization KW - health services KW - incentives KW - maternal mortality KW - maternity services KW - mortality KW - neonatal mortality KW - neonates KW - pregnancy KW - quality of care KW - women KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - death rate KW - gestation KW - Health Economics (EE118) (New March 2000) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143113099&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20143113099 UR - http://www.jhpn.net/index.php/jhpn/article/view/2355/989 UR - email: mstanton@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hormonal contraceptive use and female-to-male HIV transmission: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. AU - Polis, C. B. AU - Phillips, S. J. AU - Curtis, K. M. JO - AIDS JF - AIDS Y1 - 2013/// VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 493 EP - 505 CY - Hagerstown; USA PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. SN - 0269-9370 AD - Polis, C. B.: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1201 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20133096125. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 83 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Objective: To systematically review epidemiologic evidence assessing whether hormonal contraception alters the risk of HIV transmission from an HIV-positive woman to an HIV-negative male partner. Design: Systematic review. Methods: We included articles published or in press through December 15, 2011. We assessed studies with direct evidence on hormonal contraception use and HIV transmission, and summarized studies with indirect evidence related to genital or plasma viral load. Results: One study provided direct evidence on oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) or injectable contraception and female-to-male HIV transmission; both injectables [Cox-adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-3.58; marginal structural model (MSM) adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) 3.01, 95% CI 1.47-6.16] and OCPs (Cox adjHR 2.09, 95% CI 0.75-5.84; MSM adjOR 2.35, 95% CI 0.79-6.95) generated elevated point estimates, but only estimates for injectables were significant. Findings from 11 indirect studies assessing various hormonal contraception methods and viral genital shedding or setpoint were mixed, and seven of eight studies indicated no adverse effect of various hormonal contraception methods on plasma viral load. Conclusion: The only direct study on OCPs or injectable contraception and female-to-male HIV transmission suggests increased risk with the use of injectables. Given the potential for confounding in observational data, the paucity of direct evidence on this subject, and mixed indirect evidence, additional evidence is needed. KW - adverse effects KW - blood plasma KW - contraception KW - contraceptives KW - disease transmission KW - heterosexuality KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - injection KW - literature reviews KW - men KW - oral contraceptives KW - risk KW - sexual transmission KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - synthetic hormones KW - systematic reviews KW - viral diseases KW - viral load KW - women KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - adverse reactions KW - birth control KW - heterosexuals KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - plasma (blood) KW - STDs KW - venereal diseases KW - venereal transmission KW - viral infections KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Pharmacology (VV730) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133096125&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/ UR - email: cpolis@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linkage, initiation and retention of children in the antiretroviral therapy cascade: an overview. AU - Phelps, B. R. AU - Ahmed, S. AU - Amzel, A. AU - Diallo, M. O. AU - Jacobs, T. AU - Kellerman, S. E. AU - Kim, M. H. AU - Sugandhi, N. AU - Tam, M. AU - Wilson-Jones, M. A2 - Kellerman, S. E. A2 - Yogev, R. A2 - Sugandhi, N. T3 - Special Issue: Pediatric HIV. JO - AIDS JF - AIDS Y1 - 2013/// VL - 27 IS - Suppl. 2 SP - S207 EP - S213 CY - Hagerstown; USA PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. SN - 0269-9370 AD - Phelps, B. R.: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20143006189. Publication Type: Journal Article. Corporate Author: The Child Survival Working Group of the Interagency Task Team on the Prevention, Treatment of HIV infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers, Child Note: Special Issue: Pediatric HIV. Language: English. Number of References: 51 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - In 2012, there were an estimated 2 million children in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the world, but ART is still reaching fewer than 3 in 10 children in need of treatment. [1, 7] As more HIV-infected children are identified early and universal treatment is initiated in children under 5 regardless of CD4, the success of pediatric HIV programs will depend on our ability to link children into care and treatment programs, and retain them in those services over time. In this review, we summarize key individual, institutional, and systems barriers to diagnosing children with HIV, linking them to care and treatment, and reducing loss to follow-up (LTFU). We also explore how linkage and retention can be optimally measured so as to maximize the impact of available pediatric HIV care and treatment services. KW - antiretroviral agents KW - children KW - diagnosis KW - drug therapy KW - follow up KW - health care KW - health services KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - infants KW - medical services KW - medical treatment KW - preschool children KW - reviews KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - chemotherapy KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - Pesticides and Drugs; Control (HH405) (New March 2000) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Diagnosis of Human Disease (VV720) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143006189&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/ UR - email: bphelps@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in observational data: challenges and recommended analytic approaches. AU - Polis, C. B. AU - Westreich, D. AU - Balkus, J. E. AU - Heffron, R. A2 - Wilcher, R. A2 - Cates, W., Jr. A2 - Baeten, J. T3 - Special Issue: Family planning and HIV. JO - AIDS JF - AIDS Y1 - 2013/// VL - 27 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - S35 EP - S43 CY - Hagerstown; USA PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. SN - 0269-9370 AD - Polis, C. B.: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20133376055. Publication Type: Journal Article. Note: Special Issue: Family planning and HIV. Language: English. Number of References: 59 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Introduction: Determining whether hormonal contraception, particularly the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), increases a woman's risk of HIV acquisition is a priority question for public health. However, assessing the relationship between various hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition with observational data involves substantial analytic design issues and challenges. Studies to date have used inconsistent approaches and generated a body of evidence that is complex and challenging to interpret. Methods: In January 2013, the United States Agency for International Development and FHI 360 supported a meeting of epidemiologists, statisticians, and content experts to develop recommendations for future observational analyses of hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition. Results: Meeting participants generated recommendations regarding careful definition of exposure groups; handling potential confounders, mediators, and effect modifiers; estimating and addressing the magnitude of measurement error; using multiple methods to account for pregnancy; and exploring the potential for differential exposure to HIV-infected partners. Advantages and disadvantages of various statistical approaches to account for time-varying confounding and estimating total and direct effects were also discussed. Conclusion: Implementing these recommendations in future observational hormonal contraception-HIV acquisition analyses will enhance interpretation of existing studies and strengthen the overall evidence base for this complex and important area. KW - contraception KW - guidelines KW - heterosexual transmission KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - injectable contraceptives KW - sexual partners KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - statistical analysis KW - USA KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - birth control KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - recommendations KW - statistical methods KW - STDs KW - United States of America KW - venereal diseases KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Mathematics and Statistics (ZZ100) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133376055&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/ UR - email: cpolis@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outcomes of children treated for tuberculosis with second-line medications in Georgia, 2009-2011. AU - Gegia, M. AU - Jenkins, H. E. AU - Kalandadze, I. AU - Furin, J. JO - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Y1 - 2013/// VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 624 EP - 629 CY - Paris; France PB - International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease SN - 1027-3719 AD - Gegia, M.: United States Agency for International Development Georgia TB Prevention Project, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. N1 - Accession Number: 20133213660. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 25 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Public Health N2 - BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major public threat in countries of the former Soviet Union, including Georgia. There are few studies of pediatric DR-TB cases, especially at a national level. OBJECTIVE: To report the characteristics and treatment outcomes of pediatric multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases in Georgia. METHODS: We extracted data on all pediatric (age <16 years) MDR-TB cases notified in Georgia from 2009 to 2011. We assessed the baseline and treatment characteristics and treatment outcomes of this cohort. RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2011, there were 45 notified pediatric DR-TB cases in Georgia. Just over half had previously received anti-tuberculosis treatment and the median age was 7.7 years. Time from diagnosis to treatment was short (median 16 days), and the median length of treatment was 20.2 months. Of those not still on treatment, 77.1% (95%CI 61.0-87.9) had a successful outcome. CONCLUSIONS: One of the first reports of pediatric DR-TB treatment outcomes at a national level, this study demonstrates that successful outcomes can be achieved. KW - antituberculous agents KW - children KW - drug therapy KW - human diseases KW - multiple drug resistance KW - prognosis KW - tuberculosis KW - Republic of Georgia KW - man KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Mycobacterium KW - Mycobacteriaceae KW - Corynebacterineae KW - Actinomycetales KW - Actinobacteridae KW - Actinobacteria KW - Bacteria KW - prokaryotes KW - Developed Countries KW - West Asia KW - Asia KW - bacterium KW - chemotherapy KW - treatment outcome KW - Pesticides and Drugs; Control (HH405) (New March 2000) KW - Pesticide and Drug Resistance (HH410) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133213660&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/ijtld UR - email: jjf38@case.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of medicine availability measurements at health facilities: evidence from Service Provision Assessment surveys in five sub-Saharan African countries. AU - Choi, Y. J. AU - Ametepi, P. JO - BMC Health Services Research JF - BMC Health Services Research Y1 - 2013/// VL - 13 IS - 266 SP - (9 July 2013) EP - (9 July 2013) CY - London; UK PB - BioMed Central Ltd SN - 1472-6963 AD - Choi, Y. J.: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20133275654. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 14 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Rural Development N2 - Background: With growing emphasis on health systems strengthening in global health, various health facility assessment methods have been used increasingly to measure medicine and commodity availability. However, few studies have systematically compared estimates of availability based on different definitions. The objective of this study was to compare estimates of medicine availability based on different definitions. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Service Provision Assessment (SPA) - a nationally representative sample survey of health facilities - conducted in five countries: Kenya SPA 2010, Namibia SPA 2009, Rwanda SPA 2007, Tanzania SPA 2006, and Uganda SPA 2007. For 32 medicines, percent of facilities having the medicine were estimated using five definitions: four for current availability and one for six-month period availability. 'Observed availability of at least one valid unit' was used as a reference definition, and ratios between the reference and each of the other four estimates were calculated. Summary statistics of the ratios among the 32 medicines were calculated by country. The ratios were compared further between public and non-public facilities within each country. Results: Across five countries, compared to current observed availability of at least one valid unit, 'reported availability without observation' was on average 6% higher (ranging from 3% in Rwanda to 8% in Namibia), 'observed availability where all units were valid' was 11% lower (ranging from 2% in Tanzania to 19% in Uganda), and 'six-month period availability' was 14% lower (ranging from 5% in Namibia to 25% in Uganda). Conclusions: Medicine availability estimates vary substantially across definitions, and need to be interpreted with careful consideration of the methods used. KW - availability KW - drugs KW - health care KW - health services KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Kenya KW - Namibia KW - Rwanda KW - Tanzania KW - Uganda KW - Africa KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Southern Africa KW - Francophone Africa KW - Least Developed Countries KW - SADC Countries KW - medicines KW - pharmaceuticals KW - South West Africa KW - subsaharan Africa KW - Tanganyika KW - Health Services (UU350) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133275654&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6963-13-266.pdf UR - email: ychoi@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of hormonal contraceptives and HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. AU - Polis, C. B. AU - Curtis, K. M. JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases Y1 - 2013/// VL - 13 IS - 9 SP - 797 EP - 808 CY - Oxford; UK PB - Elsevier Ltd SN - 1473-3099 AD - Polis, C. B.: United States Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Research, Technology, and Utilization Division, Suite 315, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20133340464. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 69 ref. Registry Number: 520-85-4, 71-58-9, 68-22-4, 57-83-0. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Whether or not the use of hormonal contraception affects risk of HIV acquisition is an important question for public health. We did a systematic review, searching PubMed and Embase, aiming to explore the possibility of an association between various forms of hormonal contraception and risk of HIV acquisition. We identified 20 relevant prospective studies, eight of which met our minimum quality criteria. Of these eight, all reported findings for progestin-only injectables, and seven also reported findings for oral contraceptive pills. Most of the studies that assessed the use of oral contraceptive pills showed no significant association with HIV acquisition. None of the three studies that assessed the use of injectable norethisterone enanthate showed a significant association with HIV acquisition. Studies that assessed the use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or non-specified injectable contraceptives had heterogeneous methods and mixed results, with some investigators noting a 1.5-2.2 times increased risk of HIV acquisition, and others reporting no association. Thus, some, but not all, observational data raise concern about a potential association between use of DMPA and risk of HIV acquisition. More definitive evidence for the existence and size of any potential effect could inform appropriate counselling and policy responses in countries with varied profiles of HIV risk, maternal mortality, and access to contraceptive services. KW - contraception KW - contraceptives KW - epidemiology KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - injection KW - literature reviews KW - medroxyprogesterone KW - norethisterone KW - oral contraceptives KW - progesterone KW - risk KW - risk assessment KW - synthetic hormones KW - synthetic progestogens KW - systematic reviews KW - viral diseases KW - women KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - birth control KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - MAP KW - methylacetoxyprogesterone KW - viral infections KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Pharmacology (VV730) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133340464&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14733099 UR - email: cpolis@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poverty, livestock and food security in developing countries. AU - Turk, J. M. JO - CAB Reviews JF - CAB Reviews Y1 - 2013/// VL - 8 IS - 033 SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Wallingford; UK PB - CABI SN - 1749-8848 AD - Turk, J. M.: Bureau of Food Security, US Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20133366875. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Wheat, Barley & Triticale Abstracts; Rural Development; World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology N2 - Poverty, livestock and food security are linked directly and indirectly. Insufficient capital to purchase enough food is a direct linkage, but even wealthy people can be poorly nourished if the nutritional quality of foods they consume is unbalanced. The most recent FAO State of Food Insecurity in the World report highlights that between 2010 and 2012 chronic undernourishment affected nearly 870 million people in the developing countries or 12.5% of the global population, the majority of whom live in developing countries. However, poverty is not necessarily equated with the level of malnutrition, especially that of children. There is a likelihood that higher levels of malnutrition among children would be found in lower income countries, but proportions of malnourishment may not always be associated with a country's economic status. Malnutrition is caused by a lack of sufficient calories and proteins from animal source foods (ASFs) and other sources, as well as micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiency. Malnutrition and undernutrition severely affect children's physical and intellectual development. In developing countries, both urban and rural populations keep livestock for many reasons. Livestock value is measured economically, socioculturally, environmentally and nutritionally. ASFs contain some of the most important micronutrients needed by humans, and diverse diets that include ASF contain greater energy and higher protein digestibility than plants. For example, ASF protein digestibility is approximately 94%, whereas digestibility of bean protein is 78% and that of whole wheat 86%. However, rural populations that produce livestock do not necessarily benefit from adequate ASF consumption. KW - animal products KW - food security KW - livestock KW - malnutrition KW - nutritive value KW - poverty KW - protein foods KW - trace elements KW - undernutrition KW - Developing Countries KW - countries KW - microelements KW - nutritional value KW - quality for nutrition KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - Agricultural Economics (EE110) KW - Food Economics (EE116) (New March 2000) KW - Income and Poverty (EE950) KW - Animal Husbandry and Production (LL180) (New March 2000) KW - Food Composition and Quality (QQ500) KW - Nutrition Related Disorders and Therapeutic Nutrition (VV130) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133366875&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.cabi.org/cabreviews/?loadmodule=review&page=4051&reviewid=288148&Site=167 UR - email: jturk@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A systematic review of Demographic and Health Surveys: data availability and utilization for research. AU - Fabic, M. S. AU - Choi, Y. J. AU - Bird, S. JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization Y1 - 2012/// VL - 90 IS - 8 SP - 604 EP - 612 CY - Geneva; Switzerland PB - World Health Organization SN - 0042-9686 AD - Fabic, M. S.: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20123297053. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Language of Summary: Arabic; Chinese; French; Russian; Spanish. Number of References: 19 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - Objective: To systematically review the public health literature to assess trends in the use of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for research from 1984 to 2010 and to describe the relationship between data availability and data utilization. Methods: The MEASURE DHS web site was searched for information on all population-based surveys completed under the DHS project between 1984 and 2010. The information collected included the country, type of survey, survey design, fieldwork period and certain special features, such as inclusion of biomarkers. A search of PubMed was also conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published during 2010 that analysed DHS data and included an English-language abstract. Trends in data availability and in the use of DHS data for research were assessed through descriptive, graphical and bivariate linear regression analyses. Findings: In total, 236 household surveys under the DHS project were completed across 84 countries during 2010. The number of surveys per year has remained constant, although the scope of the survey questions has expanded. The inclusion criteria were met by 1117 peer-reviewed publications. The number of publications has increased progressively over the last quarter century, with an average annual increment of 4.3 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.2-5.3) publications. Trends in the number of peer-reviewed publications based on the use of DHS data were highly correlated with trends in funding for health by the Government of the United States of America and globally. Conclusion: Published peer-reviewed articles analysing DHS data, which have increased progressively in number over the last quarter century, have made a substantial contribution to the public health evidence base in developing countries. KW - biochemical markers KW - demography KW - health KW - households KW - public health KW - publications KW - surveys KW - systematic reviews KW - America KW - Developing Countries KW - USA KW - man KW - countries KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - biomarkers KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - United States of America KW - Demography (UU200) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) KW - Health Services (UU350) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20123297053&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.who.int/bulletin UR - email: mshort@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A health systems approach to integrated community case management of childhood illness: methods and tools. AU - McGorman, L. AU - Marsh, D. R. AU - Guenther, T. AU - Gilroy, K. AU - Barat, L. M. AU - Hammamy, D. AU - Wansi, E. AU - Peterson, S. AU - Hamer, D. H. AU - George, A. A2 - Marsh, D. R. A2 - Hamer, D. H. A2 - Pagnoni, F. A2 - Peterson, S. T3 - Special supplement on Integrated Community Case Management. JO - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Y1 - 2012/// VL - 87 SP - 69 EP - 76 CY - Deerfield; USA PB - American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene SN - 0002-9637 AD - McGorman, L.: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20123413593. Publication Type: Journal Article. Note: Special supplement on Integrated Community Case Management. Language: English. Number of References: 28 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - Integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness is an increasingly popular strategy to expand life-saving health services to underserved communities. However, community health approaches vary widely across countries and do not always distribute resources evenly across local health systems. We present a harmonized framework, developed through interagency consultation and review, which supports the design of CCM by using a systems approach. To verify that the framework produces results, we also suggest a list of complementary indicators, including nine global metrics, and a menu of 39 country-specific measures. When used by program managers and evaluators, we propose that the framework and indicators can facilitate the design, implementation, and evaluation of community case management. KW - child health KW - childhood diseases KW - children KW - community health KW - community health services KW - disease control KW - health care KW - health care workers KW - health indicators KW - health programmes KW - human diseases KW - methodology KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - health programs KW - methods KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Protozoan, Helminth and Arthropod Parasites of Humans (VV220) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20123413593&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ajtmh.org UR - email: laura_mcgorman@hks13.harvard.edu\dmarsh@savechildren.org\tguenther@savechildren.org\kgilroy@jhsph.edu\asgeorge@jhsph.edu\lbarat@usaid.gov\dhammamy@usaid.gov\emmanuel_wansi@jsi.com\stefan.peterson@ki.se\dhamer@bu.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated implementation of programs targeting Neglected Tropical Diseases through preventive chemotherapy: identifying best practices to roll out programs at national scale. AU - Hanson, C. AU - Weaver, A. AU - Zoerhoff, K. L. AU - Kabore, A. AU - Linehan, M. AU - Doherty, A. AU - Engels, D. AU - Savioli, L. AU - Ottesen, E. A. JO - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Y1 - 2012/// VL - 86 IS - 3 SP - 508 EP - 513 CY - Deerfield; USA PB - American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene SN - 0002-9637 AD - Hanson, C.: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20123134061. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 22 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - In 2006 the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) established the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Control Program to support national governments in developing successful, cost-efficient NTD programs that integrate disease-specific programs into coordinated national initiatives, in accord with the World Health Organization recommendations. A 3-stage "roll-out package" has been developed for effectively integrating and scaling up such programs to full-national scale. Stage-1 lays the groundwork - identifying NTD leadership within the Ministry of Health, conducting a national Situation Analysis, formulating a multiyear Plan of Action, and undertaking a funding gap analysis. Stage-2 focuses on scaling up the integrated NTD program - convening national stakeholder meetings, developing annual work plans, carrying out disease mapping, and establishing monitoring and evaluation activities. Stage-3 aims at ensuring effective management - identifying clear roles and responsibilities for partners, and creating a central coordinating mechanism. Assessment and reassessment of these complex NTD programs that target literally billions of people are essential to establish "best practice" strategies for long-term public health success. KW - antibiotics KW - disease prevention KW - drug therapy KW - health programs KW - human diseases KW - public health KW - tropical diseases KW - USA KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - chemotherapy KW - United States of America KW - Pesticides and Drugs; Control (HH405) (New March 2000) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Protozoan, Helminth and Arthropod Parasites of Humans (VV220) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20123134061&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.ajtmh.org UR - email: chanson@usaid.gov\aweaver@usaid.gov\kzoerhoff@rti.org\akabore@rti.org\mlinehan@usaid.gov\adoherty@rti.org\eottesen@taskforce.org\engelsd@who.int\saviolil@who.int DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Important co-morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus in three clinics in Western Kenya. AU - Kirui, N. K. AU - Pastakia, S. D. AU - Kamano, J. H. AU - Cheng, S. AU - Manuthu, E. AU - Chege, P. AU - Gardner, A. AU - Mwangi, A. AU - Enarson, D. A. AU - Reid, A. J. AU - Carter, E. J. JO - Public Health Action JF - Public Health Action Y1 - 2012/// VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 148 EP - 151 CY - Paris; France PB - International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease SN - 2220-8372 AD - Kirui, N. K.: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH)/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya. N1 - Accession Number: 20133066976. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 15 ref. Registry Number: 50-99-7. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases N2 - Setting: Diabetes clinics in three hospitals in Western Kenya: Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital and two associated district hospitals. Objective: To determine the proportion of diabetes patients with a history of tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tobacco smoking. Design: A descriptive study using routinely collected data from patient records in the three diabetes clinics. Results: Of 1376 patients analyzed, 750 (55%) were female. The mean age of the patients in the clinics was 53.5 years (95%CI 52.2-54.8), with an average duration of diabetes of 8.1 years (95%CI 7.6-8.7). Of all patients, 5.6% reported a history of TB, similar to the frequency about 20 years earlier (1990) in Tanzania. Only 30% of the patients reported knowing their HIV status; 6% were HIV-positive. A history of tobacco smoking was reported by 3.8% of the patients. Conclusion: The HIV epidemic does not seem to have significantly changed the relationship between TB and diabetes mellitus (DM) in this cohort of diabetes patients. The frequency of HIV and TB in this special population was comparable to that in the general population, and only a small proportion of patients reported a history of tobacco smoking. KW - blood sugar KW - cigarettes KW - diabetes mellitus KW - glucose KW - health centres KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - lungs KW - morbidity KW - respiratory diseases KW - risk behaviour KW - tobacco smoking KW - tuberculosis KW - Kenya KW - Tanzania KW - man KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Mycobacterium KW - Mycobacteriaceae KW - Corynebacterineae KW - Actinomycetales KW - Actinobacteridae KW - Actinobacteria KW - Bacteria KW - prokaryotes KW - Least Developed Countries KW - SADC Countries KW - bacterium KW - behavior KW - blood glucose KW - comorbidity KW - dextrose KW - glucose in blood KW - health centers KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - lung diseases KW - risk behavior KW - Tanganyika KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Non-communicable Human Diseases and Injuries (VV600) KW - Human Toxicology and Poisoning (VV810) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133066976&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/pha/2012/00000002/00000004/art00015 UR - email: kirui.leitich@gmail.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Twenty criteria to make the best of scarce health resources in developing countries. AU - Shelton, J. D. JO - BMJ JF - BMJ Y1 - 2011/// VL - 343 IS - d7023 SP - (25 November 2011) EP - (25 November 2011) CY - London; UK PB - BMJ Publishing Group SN - 1759-2151 AD - Shelton, J. D.: Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20123024231. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 34 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases KW - health care KW - health services KW - Developing Countries KW - countries KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - Health Services (UU350) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20123024231&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d7023 UR - email: jshelton@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptom screen: diagnostic usefulness in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected pregnant women in Kenya. AU - Kosgei, R. J. AU - Ndavi, P. M. AU - Ong'ech, J. O. AU - Abuya, J. M. AU - Siika, A. M. AU - Wools-Kaloustian, K. AU - Mabeya, H. AU - Fojo, T. AU - Mwangi, A. AU - Reid, T. AU - Edginton, M. E. AU - Carter, E. J. JO - Public Health Action JF - Public Health Action Y1 - 2011/// VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 30 EP - 33 CY - Paris; France PB - International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease SN - 2220-8372 AD - Kosgei, R. J.: The United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership, 4606 Eldoret 30100, Kenya. N1 - Accession Number: 20123300427. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Language of Summary: French; Spanish. Number of References: 16 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases N2 - Objective: To determine the diagnostic usefulness of tuberculosis (TB) symptom screening to detect active pulmonary TB among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected pregnant women in two PMTCT (prevention of mother-to-child transmission) clinics in western Kenya that are supported by the United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare partnership. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants were interviewed for TB symptoms with a standardized questionnaire (cough >2 weeks, fever, night sweats, weight loss or failure to gain weight). Those with cough submitted sputum specimens for smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli and mycobacterial culture. Women at >14 weeks gestation underwent shielded chest radiography (CXR). Results: Of 187 HIV-infected women, 38 (20%) were symptom screen-positive. Of these, 21 had a cough for >2 weeks, but all had negative sputum smears and mycobacterial cultures. CXRs were performed in 26 symptomatic women: three were suggestive of TB (1 miliary, 1 infiltrates and 1 cavitary). Of 149 women with a negative symptom screen, 100 had a CXR and seven had a CXR suggestive of TB (1 cavitary, 2 miliary and 4 infiltrates). Conclusion: This study did not support the utility of isolated symptom screening in identification of TB disease in our PMTCT setting. CXR was useful in identification of TB suspects in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. KW - asymptomatic infections KW - children KW - concurrent infections KW - diagnosis KW - diagnostic techniques KW - disease transmission KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - lungs KW - maternal transmission KW - microscopy KW - pregnancy KW - radiography KW - screening KW - smears KW - sputum KW - tuberculosis KW - vertical transmission KW - women KW - Kenya KW - man KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Mycobacterium KW - Mycobacteriaceae KW - Corynebacterineae KW - Actinomycetales KW - Actinobacteridae KW - Actinobacteria KW - Bacteria KW - prokaryotes KW - bacterium KW - gestation KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - mother to child transmission KW - screening tests KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Diagnosis of Human Disease (VV720) (New March 2000) KW - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20123300427&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/iuatld/22208372/v1n2/s3.pdf?expires=1346815719&id=70312904&titleid=75007911&accname=CABI+Publishing&checksum=6D2A7302C037E6A7E548987506A2BEED UR - email: salilkabon@yahoo.com DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A community-based study of hepatitis B infection and immunization among young adults in a high-drug-use neighborhood in New York City. AU - Kottiri, B. J. AU - Friedman, S. R. AU - Euler, G. L. AU - Flom, P. L. AU - Sandoval, M. AU - Neaigus, A. AU - Jarlais, D. C. des AU - Zenilman, J. M. JO - Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine JF - Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Y1 - 2005/// VL - 82 IS - 3 SP - 479 EP - 487 CY - Cary; USA PB - Oxford University Press SN - 1099-3460 AD - Kottiri, B. J.: Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development (5.10.6 RRB), 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20053150759. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 29 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health N2 - We conducted a community-based study of the prevalence and correlates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and immunization among young adults in a "drug supermarket" neighborhood in New York City. Four hundred eighty-nine young adults ages 18-24 years were recruited from Bushwick, Brooklyn through multistage household probability sampling (n=332) and targeted sampling (n=157), interviewed, and tested for three hepatitis B markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs). Serological evidence of HBV infection was found in 8.0% (6.0% in the household sample and 12.1% in the targeted sample) and of hepatitis B immunization in 19.6% (22.6% in the household sample and 13.4% in the targeted sample). HBV infection was higher among young adults who either used crack or injected drugs and among those who traded sex for money or drugs. Having Medicaid was significantly associated with lower odds of infection in the household sample and higher odds of immunization in the targeted sample. Although adolescent hepatitis B immunization has been a public health priority in the United States since 1995, nearly three-quarters of young adults in this community did not have serological evidence of being either exposed or immunized. Whereas subsequent younger generations benefited from universal childhood hepatitis B immunization, this particular cohort of young adults who live in communities like Bushwick presents a unique group for prevention intervention. KW - disease prevalence KW - drug abuse KW - epidemiology KW - hepatitis B KW - human diseases KW - immunization KW - liver diseases KW - vaccination KW - young adults KW - New York KW - USA KW - hepatitis B virus KW - man KW - Hepadnaviridae KW - DNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Middle Atlantic States of USA KW - Northeastern States of USA KW - USA KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - drug use KW - immune sensitization KW - United States of America KW - Host Resistance and Immunity (HH600) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20053150759&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://jurban.oupjournals.org/ UR - email: bkottiri@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The imperative for family planning in ART therapy in Africa. AU - Shelton, J. D. AU - Peterson, E. A. JO - Lancet (British edition) JF - Lancet (British edition) Y1 - 2004/// VL - 364 IS - 9449 SP - 1916 EP - 1918 CY - London; UK PB - Lancet Limited SN - 0140-6736 AD - Shelton, J. D.: Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20043205279. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 21 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health; Tropical Diseases N2 - This article focuses on compelling human, medical, social, and programmatic reasons for making contraception available to women on antiretroviral drugs in Africa. KW - antiviral agents KW - contraception KW - drug therapy KW - family planning KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - women KW - Africa KW - man KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - birth control KW - chemotherapy KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - Pesticides and Drugs; Control (HH405) (New March 2000) KW - Human Sexual and Reproductive Health (VV065) (New March 2000) KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20043205279&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www.thelancet.com/journal UR - email: jshelton@usaid.gov DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - What industrialized countries can do to support implementation of action for food and nutrition security in Africa: perspectives from USAID. AU - Simmons, E. B. T2 - Assuring food and nutrition security in Africa by 2020: prioritizing actions, strengthening actors, and facilitating partnerships. Proceedings of an All-Africa Conference, Kampala, Uganda, 1-3 April, 2004 Y1 - 2004/// CY - Washington; USA PB - International Food Policy Research Institute SN - 0896296504 AD - Simmons, E. B.: Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20053049093. Publication Type: Book chapter; Conference paper. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases; World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology N2 - This paper argues that industrialized countries like the USA must work hand-in-hand with African countries to bring about the changes required to assure food and nutrition security for all Africans. It also suggests that market access (agricultural trade liberalization), science and technology, and good governance are the three fundamental areas where positive change is needed to achieve the greatest benefits in food and nutrition security. KW - agricultural trade KW - food security KW - government KW - international cooperation KW - international trade KW - nutrition KW - technology KW - trade liberalization KW - Africa KW - USA KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - United States of America KW - Agencies and Organizations (DD100) KW - Agricultural Economics (EE110) KW - Food Economics (EE116) (New March 2000) KW - Aid (EE125) (New March 2000) KW - International Trade (EE600) KW - Human Nutrition (General) (VV100) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20053049093&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pancreatic cancer mortality and organochlorine pesticide exposure in California, 1989-1996. AU - Clary, T. AU - Ritz, B. JO - American Journal of Industrial Medicine JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine Y1 - 2003/// VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 306 EP - 313 CY - New York; USA PB - Wiley-Liss, Inc. SN - 0271-3586 AD - Clary, T.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Bureau for Global Health, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20033057767. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Agricultural Entomology; Public Health N2 - Background: Occupational studies have suggested a possible link between organochlorine pesticides and the occurrence of pancreatic cancers. California maintains a death file and a pesticide reporting system that allows examination of this relationship for residents of high use areas. Methods: We employed a mortality odds ratio design to compare deaths from pancreatic cancer (1989-1996) with a random sample of non-cancer deaths. Using pesticide data for three agricultural counties, we classified 102 ZIP codes in quartiles of pesticide usage for 1972-1989. Using logistic regression we estimated the effect of pesticide applications by ZIP code controlling for possible confounders. Results: Among long-term residents, pancreatic cancer mortality was elevated for those living in ZIP codes with the highest use of four pesticides: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d), captafol, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), and dieldrin. No dose-response relationship was observed. Conclusions: Our study suggests increased pancreatic cancer mortality among long-term residents in areas of high application rates of 1,3-d (an EPA-classified probable human carcinogen), captafol, pentacholoronitrobenzene (PCNB), and dieldrin. KW - carcinogens KW - mortality KW - neoplasms KW - nontarget effects KW - pancreas KW - pesticides KW - toxicity KW - California KW - USA KW - Cancer KW - man KW - Cancridae KW - Decapoda KW - Malacostraca KW - Crustacea KW - arthropods KW - invertebrates KW - animals KW - aquatic animals KW - aquatic organisms KW - eukaryotes KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - Pacific States of USA KW - Western States of USA KW - USA KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - cancers KW - death rate KW - United States of America KW - Pesticide and Drug Residues and Ecotoxicology (HH430) (New March 2000) KW - Human Health and the Environment (VV500) KW - Human Toxicology and Poisoning (VV810) (New March 2000) KW - Occupational Health and Safety (VV900) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20033057767&site=ehost-live&scope=site UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/102531597/START UR - email: britz@ucla.edu DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Guidelines for using HIV testing technologies in surveillance: selection, evaluation, and implementation. T2 - Guidelines for using HIV testing technologies in surveillance: selection, evaluation, and implementation Y1 - 2001/// CY - Geneva; Switzerland PB - UNAIDS SN - 9173920637 AD - Center for Population, Health and Nutrition, Global Bureau, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20053042224. Publication Type: Book. Corporate Author: United States Agency for International Development Language: English. Number of References: 25 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases N2 - This book provides laboratory guidelines suggesting methods for selecting, evaluating and implementing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing technologies and strategies based on a country's laboratory infrastructure and surveillance needs. The guidelines provide recommendations for specimen selection, collection, storage and testing, and for the selection and evaluation of appropriate HIV testing strategies and technologies to meet surveillance objectives. Quality assurance and safety issues are also addressed. An appendix on universal precautions for prevention of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings is provided. These technical guidelines are written for HIV surveillance coordinators and other health professionals involved in HIV testing for surveillance purposes in Developing Countries. KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - diagnostic techniques KW - disease prevention KW - guidelines KW - hepatitis B KW - HIV infections KW - human diseases KW - human immunodeficiency viruses KW - laboratory diagnosis KW - laboratory methods KW - nosocomial infections KW - quality controls KW - safety KW - sample processing KW - sample storage KW - specimen handling KW - specimens KW - surveillance KW - testing KW - viral diseases KW - Developing Countries KW - hepatitis B virus KW - man KW - Hepadnaviridae KW - DNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - viruses KW - Lentivirus KW - Orthoretrovirinae KW - Retroviridae KW - RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - countries KW - AIDS KW - blood-borne pathogens KW - hospital infections KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - human immunodeficiency virus infections KW - laboratory techniques KW - preparation of samples KW - quality assurance KW - recommendations KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - viral infections KW - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000) KW - Diagnosis of Human Disease (VV720) (New March 2000) KW - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20053042224&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putting unmet need to the test: community-based distribution of family planning in Pakistan. AU - Shelton, J. D. AU - Bradshaw, L. AU - Hussein, B. AU - Zubair, Z. AU - Drexler, T. AU - McKenna, M. R. JO - International Family Planning Perspectives JF - International Family Planning Perspectives Y1 - 1999/// VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 191 EP - 195 SN - 0162-2749 AD - Shelton, J. D.: Center for Population, Health and Nutrition, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, D.C., USA. N1 - Accession Number: 20001805887. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Language of Summary: Spanish; French. Number of References: 27 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development; Tropical Diseases N2 - It is noted that unmet need for family planning in the developing world, as measured through surveys, is high. But it is important to determine whether there is a significant level of dormant demand for actual contraceptive services waiting to be satisfied, especially in a country such as Pakistan, where efforts to promote family planning have been disappointing. Records from 6 household contraceptive distribution projects in Pakistan are used to determine contraceptive prevalence over 13-22-month periods (1991-93). An independent professional team conducted an external evaluation, interviewing project supervisors, fieldworkers and clients. Contraceptive use increased dramatically in all 6 projects, from an average of 12% to 39% in <2 years. The external evaluation team found the contraceptive prevalence measurements to be generally accurate, but identified additional improvements in access and quality that might further increase contraceptive use. Increased use of contraceptives that result from improvements in service delivery confirm that a substantial unmet need exists. The evidence suggests that even greater improvements in access to and quality of services will further increase contraceptive use. KW - contraceptives KW - demand KW - development planning KW - evaluation KW - family planning KW - projects KW - quality KW - rural development KW - services KW - Pakistan KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - South Asia KW - Asia KW - Human Fertility (UU250) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) KW - Social Psychology and Culture (UU490) (Discontinued March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20001805887&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily versus weekly: how many iron pills do pregnant women need? AU - Galloway, R. AU - McGuire, J. JO - Nutrition Reviews JF - Nutrition Reviews Y1 - 1996/// VL - 54 IS - 10 SP - 318 EP - 323 SN - 0029-6643 AD - Galloway, R.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1616 N. Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22209, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19971402837. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 33 ref. Registry Number: 7439-89-6. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition N2 - The existing evidence for the efficacy of weekly or intermittent iron supplements compared with daily iron supplements for pregnant women is reviewed. Also discussed are the reasons why it is believed that it would be premature to change any existing policy to one that would provide pregnant women with a weekly or intermittent dose of iron. KW - iron KW - iron deficiency anaemia KW - methodology KW - pregnancy KW - reviews KW - supplements KW - trace elements KW - women KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - gestation KW - iron deficiency anemia KW - methods KW - microelements KW - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) KW - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19971402837&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Underestimation of malnutrition among Pakistani infants weighed with clothes on. AU - Faisel, A. AU - Ahmed, T. JO - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal JF - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal Y1 - 1996/// VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 255 EP - 260 AD - Faisel, A.: Office of Health, Population and Nutrition, United States Agency for International Development, Islamabad, Pakistan. N1 - Accession Number: 19971411663. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 3 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition; Tropical Diseases N2 - The nutritional status of 345 infants (59% boys) suffering from diarrhoea was estimated at the Rawalpindi General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan by plotting weight-for-age data on a growth chart when infants were weighed when wearing and not wearing clothes. The difference in body weight between clothed and naked children ranged from 100 to 1000 g (mean 250 g). When weighed with clothes on, 69.3% of infants were categorized as having a normal nutritional status, with the remaining children being categorized as having various grades of malnutrition. When weighed without clothes, 61.7% of children were categorized as having a normal nutritional status, demonstrating that about 8% of malnourished children were being missed when they were weighed with their clothes on. This underestimation mostly affected children with grade II and grade III malnutrition. Generally, more boys had normal nutritional status than girls. Accordingly, weight with clothes on was found to underestimate the malnutrition status of girls more than that of boys. It is concluded that children should be weighed without clothes on so that their nutritional status can be estimated accurately. KW - body weight KW - boys KW - children KW - diarrhoea KW - estimation KW - girls KW - malnutrition KW - nutritional state KW - sex differences KW - Pakistan KW - man KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - South Asia KW - Asia KW - diarrhea KW - nutritional status KW - scouring KW - Diet Studies (VV110) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19971411663&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Malaria knowledge, attitudes and practices in Malawi: survey population characteristics. AU - Ettling, M. AU - Steketee, R. W. AU - Macheso, A. AU - Schultz, L. J. AU - Nyasulu, Y. AU - Chitsulo, L. JO - Tropical Medicine and Parasitology JF - Tropical Medicine and Parasitology Y1 - 1994/// VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 57 EP - 60 SN - 0177-2392 AD - Ettling, M.: Vector Biology and Control Project, United States Agency for International Development, Arlington, VA, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19950501200. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 6 ref. Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology; Tropical Diseases; Protozoology N2 - A national knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted in Malawi in March-April 1992 to examine malaria illness and the people's response to illness and malaria prevention. 51 households in each of 30 randomly selected communities were sampled and information was recorded from 1531 households and 7025 individuals. The population is characterized by low income (average household and per capita income were US $490 and $122, respectively) and low education levels (among adult women, 45% had no formal education and only 3.9% completed >8 years of schooling). Characteristics of the population were similar to those found in the 1987 national census, suggesting that the survey population was representative of the larger population of Malawi. Children under 5 years of age made up 15.8% of the population and had the highest rates of fever illness; these children experienced an estimated 9.7 cases per year of fever illness consistent with malaria. Although adults reported fever less frequently, women of reproductive age experienced an estimated 6.9 episodes of fever annually. The burden of malaria morbidity in this population is extremely high and occurs in all age groups. KW - attitudes KW - children KW - disease control KW - epidemiology KW - human diseases KW - malaria KW - parasites KW - questionnaires KW - surveys KW - women KW - Africa KW - Malawi KW - Apicomplexa KW - man KW - Plasmodiidae KW - Plasmodium KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - protozoa KW - Protozoa KW - invertebrates KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - Haemospororida KW - Apicomplexa KW - Plasmodiidae KW - Plasmodium KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - SADC Countries KW - Nyasaland KW - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Participation and Self Help (UU470) (Discontinued March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19950501200&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic impact of malaria in Malawian households. AU - Ettling, M. AU - McFarland, D. A. AU - Schultz, L. J. AU - Chitsulo, L. JO - Tropical Medicine and Parasitology JF - Tropical Medicine and Parasitology Y1 - 1994/// VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 74 EP - 79 SN - 0177-2392 AD - Ettling, M.: Vector Biology and Control Project, United States Agency for International Development, Arlington, VA, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19950501204. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Number of References: 7 ref. Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology; Tropical Diseases; Protozoology N2 - Household heads were questioned about household income and household expenditures on the treatment or prevention of malaria in a nation-wide malaria knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey conducted in Malawi in 1992. Very low income households with an average annual income of US $68 constituted 52% of the sampled households. The primary income source for these households was farm production (92%), with the majority of goods produced consumed by the household and not available as discretionary income. Expenditure on malaria prevention (e.g. mosquito coils, aerosol sprays, bednets, mosquito repellents) varied with household income level. Only 4% of very low income households spent resources on malaria preventive measures compared to 16% of other households. In contrast, over 40% of all households, independent of income level, reported expenditures on malaria treatment. Almost half of the reported malaria cases sought treatment at a health facility at a cost of $0.21 per child case and $0.63 per adult case. The overall direct expenditure on treatment of malaria illness in household members was $19.13 per year (28% of annual income) among very low income households and $19.84 per year (2% of annual income) among low to high income households. The indirect cost of malaria, calculated on the basis of days of work lost, was $2.13 per year (3.1% of annual income) among very low income households and $20.61 per year (2.2% of annual income) among low to high income households. Very low income households carried a disproportionate share of the economic burden of malaria, with total direct and indirect cost of malaria among these households consuming 32% of annual household income compared to 4.2% among households in the low to high income categories. KW - antimalarials KW - attitudes KW - bed nets KW - chemical control KW - children KW - control KW - disease control KW - disease transmission KW - disease vectors KW - drug therapy KW - economics KW - epidemiology KW - human diseases KW - insect repellents KW - insecticides KW - malaria KW - mosquito coils KW - mosquito nets KW - parasites KW - prophylaxis KW - questionnaires KW - surveys KW - transmission KW - Africa KW - Malawi KW - Anopheles KW - Apicomplexa KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - man KW - Plasmodiidae KW - Plasmodium KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - protozoa KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - insects KW - Hexapoda KW - arthropods KW - invertebrates KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Protozoa KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - Haemospororida KW - Apicomplexa KW - Plasmodiidae KW - Plasmodium KW - ACP Countries KW - Anglophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - East Africa KW - Africa South of Sahara KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - SADC Countries KW - chemotherapy KW - mosquitoes KW - Nyasaland KW - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Participation and Self Help (UU470) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Pesticides and Drugs (General) (HH400) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19950501204&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Malaria vectors associated with rice culture in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. AU - Cowper, L. T. A2 - Smith, W.H. T2 - Vector-borne disease control in humans through rice agroecosystem management. Proceedings of the Workshop on Research and Training Needs in the Field of Integrated Vector-borne Disease Control in Riceland Agroecosystems of Developing Countries, 9-14 March 1987. JO - Vector-borne disease control in humans through rice agroecosystem management. Proceedings of the Workshop on Research and Training Needs in the Field of Integrated Vector-borne Disease Control in Riceland Agroecosystems of Developing Countries, 9-14 March 1987. JF - Vector-borne disease control in humans through rice agroecosystem management. Proceedings of the Workshop on Research and Training Needs in the Field of Integrated Vector-borne Disease Control in Riceland Agroecosystems of Developing Countries, 9-14 March 1987. Y1 - 1988/// SP - 85 EP - 92 CY - Manila; Philippines PB - International Rice Research Institute SN - 9711042037 AD - Cowper, L. T.: Communicable Disease Division, Bureau of Science and Technology, USAID, Washington, DC 20053, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19920505660. Publication Type: Conference paper. Language: English. Number of References: 21 ref. Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology; Protozoology; Rice N2 - Malaria vectors associated with rice culture in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific vary by country. From available data, the ricefield breeding malaria vectors are Anopheles culicifacies, A. jeyporiensis and A. sinensis, prominent in many Asian malaria transmission situations. Basic biological information on these 3 species is presented and other ricefield breeding anophelines are mentioned. Basic control methods, briefly described, include biological, physical and chemical. The importance of studies on suspected or proven vectors and proposed control methods to achieve economical, technically sound, dynamic and sustainable control in individual situations is emphasised. KW - Breeding places KW - control KW - Disease vectors KW - epidemiology KW - fields KW - habitats KW - human diseases KW - Malaria KW - Mosquito-borne diseases KW - parasites KW - Pests KW - rice KW - vector-borne diseases KW - Asia KW - Developing countries KW - Oceania KW - South East Asia KW - Anopheles KW - Anopheles culicifacies KW - Anopheles jeyporiensis KW - Anopheles sinensis KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - man KW - Oryza KW - Plasmodium KW - protozoa KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - insects KW - Hexapoda KW - arthropods KW - invertebrates KW - animals KW - eukaryotes KW - Anopheles KW - Homo KW - Hominidae KW - Primates KW - mammals KW - vertebrates KW - Chordata KW - Poaceae KW - Cyperales KW - monocotyledons KW - angiosperms KW - Spermatophyta KW - plants KW - Plasmodiidae KW - Haemospororida KW - Apicomplexa KW - Protozoa KW - countries KW - Asia KW - breeding habitats KW - breeding sites KW - mosquitoes KW - paddy KW - Southeast Asia KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - Vector-borne disease control in humans through rice agroecosystem management KW - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Aquatic Biology and Ecology (MM300) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19920505660&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration and disintegration: the case of family planning in Haiti. AU - Allman, J. AU - Rohde, J. AU - Wray, J. JO - Health Policy and Planning JF - Health Policy and Planning Y1 - 1987/// VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 236 EP - 244 SN - 0268-1080 AD - Allman, J.: Port-au-Prince, c/o USAID, Washington DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19882044688. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases N2 - This paper considers the impact of recent efforts to integrate the national family planning programme in Haiti into the Ministry of Public Health and Population as part of a broad-scale effort to improve rural health delivery. In spite of major investment over the last 5 years, there has been a decline in family planning activities, extremely low contraceptive prevalence and a lack of direction in the programme. The family planning management information system did not allow programme leaders and policy-makers to monitor programme results and take corrective action. Too rapid integration, based on little more than conventional wisdom, led to the disintegration of a family planning programme that had shown slow steady growth and progress for 10 years. ...AS KW - Family planning KW - Caribbean KW - Haiti KW - America KW - Caribbean Community KW - Hispaniola KW - Greater Antilles KW - Antilles KW - Caribbean KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - integration and disintegration KW - West Indies KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Fertility (UU250) (Discontinued March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19882044688&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Jamaica: the impact and effectiveness of the PL 480 Title I program. AU - Sidman, B. AU - et al. AU - Crosswell, M. ( T2 - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development JO - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development JF - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development Y1 - 1984/// IS - 51 SP - xv + 31 EP - xv + 31 AD - Sidman, B.: USAID, Washington, D.C., USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19851823293. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. Subject Subsets: World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology N2 - Despite increases in PL 480 and other direct and indirect forms of USAID assistance, Jamaica's economy continued to decline during the 1975-80 period: GDP fell 14%; unemployment rose 5-27%; and production remained over-dependent on imports with no increased export capacity. PL 480 aid, which averaged $10 million annually (1977-80), at best alleviated the symptoms of economic crisis, while at the same time increasing the country's foreign debt. Positively, PL 480 aid did not increase food imports (although it may have affected their composition), because post-1975 Jamaican policies stimulated domestic food production and helped reduce food imports by 54%; this indicates the importance of host country food import policies in determining potential disincentive effects of food aid. Self help measures had little if any effect on Jamaican development, although agreement on counterpart allocations stimulated line ministries to meet their implementation responsiblities to avoid forfeiting further PL 480 funds. Reports on self help measures should be given importance in designing and implementing Title 1 programmes. While generally consonant with PL 480 objectives, the programme did not directly promote the key objectives of economic reform and structural adjustment; nor are these sufficiently ensured by IMF agreements which USAID/J should scrutinize carefully. KW - evaluation KW - Food aid KW - Jamaica KW - USA KW - ACP Countries KW - Caribbean Community KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - Greater Antilles KW - Antilles KW - Caribbean KW - America KW - Threshold Countries KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - OECD Countries KW - United States of America KW - Food Policy, Food Security and Food Aid (EE500) (Discontinued March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19851823293&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - The impact of PL 480 Title I in Peru: food aid as an effective development resource. AU - Johnson, T. AU - Hammergren, L. AU - Berry, E. AU - Landmann, R. AU - Cohen, J. AU - Adler, R. T2 - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development JO - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development JF - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development Y1 - 1983/// IS - 47 SP - xvii + 125 EP - xvii + 125 AD - Johnson, T.: Bureau for Latin America and Caribbean, USAID, Washington, D.C. 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19841818359. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. Number of References: 67 ref. Subject Subsets: World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology N2 - The year to year uncertainty of Title I has reduced its effectiveness as a development tool. It is difficult and dangerous to plan a resource that cannot be assured. The results of delay are evident in disbursement of Title I resources to the Title II programme. Some project activities have been stopped or scaled back, and some gains of previous years are being jeopardized. USAID development objectives seem to carry no weight in Washington decisions regarding levels, commodity selection, financial terms, and timing. The multiplicity of objectives and actors defining each year's programme occasionally generates contradictions. This adds additional instability to the process from USAID's point of view. Staffing and institutional changes are an additional source of instability to which an annual programme is particularly vulnerable. The paper reviews the history of Title I in Peru; and the impact of PL 480 on Peruvian production, price policy, consumption and nutrition; and on Title II, on market development and on US-Peruvian relations. KW - economic development KW - Food aid KW - Peru KW - Andean Group KW - APEC countries KW - Developing Countries KW - Latin America KW - America KW - South America KW - Food Policy, Food Security and Food Aid (EE500) (Discontinued March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19841818359&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Comparative analysis of five PL 480 Title I impact evaluation studies. AU - Dunlop, D. W. AU - et al. AU - Adamczyk, C. ( T2 - AID Program Evaluation Discussion Paper, US Agency for International Development JO - AID Program Evaluation Discussion Paper, US Agency for International Development JF - AID Program Evaluation Discussion Paper, US Agency for International Development Y1 - 1983/// IS - 19 SP - xiv + 62 EP - xiv + 62 AD - Dunlop, D. W.: USAID, Washington, D.C., USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19851823316. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. Subject Subsets: World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology N2 - A comparative analysis of the findings of impact evaluations of PL 480 Title I programmes in Bangladesh, Egypt, Jamaica, Peru and Sri Lanka is presented. Initial sections describe changes in US agriculture and policies since Title I's inception in 1954, and the resulting effect on PL 480 programming. Next discussed are the various host country contexts and their evolution, including two cases (Egypt and Peru) where Title I aid was interrupted. A review of socioeconomic development in the five countries highlights differing possibilities for programme impact. The impact of Title I aid on balance of payments support, while positive in each case, was more apparent in countries with greater economic constraints (Bangladesh, Jamaica) and tended to directly benefit the more affluent in Jamaica and Peru. Evaluation of microeconomic and development impacts reveals a production disincentive effect since the early 1960s for one or more food crops, although these disincentives may be offset by improvements in food import policy. The impact on nutritional status and dietary patterns was found to vary: wheat consumption increased in Egypt and Sri Lanka, while the programme helped place a floor on caloric intake in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Title I has promoted US foreign policy aims but has not strengthened US agricultural markets or (except in Bangladesh) policy dialogue. KW - evaluation KW - Food aid KW - projects KW - Bangladesh KW - Egypt KW - Jamaica KW - Peru KW - Sri Lanka KW - USA KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Least Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - South Asia KW - Asia KW - Mediterranean Region KW - Middle East KW - North Africa KW - Africa KW - ACP Countries KW - Caribbean Community KW - Greater Antilles KW - Antilles KW - Caribbean KW - America KW - Threshold Countries KW - Andean Group KW - APEC countries KW - Latin America KW - South America KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - OECD Countries KW - Ceylon KW - international comparisions KW - Misr KW - United States of America KW - Food Policy, Food Security and Food Aid (EE500) (Discontinued March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19851823316&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Sri Lanka: the impact of PL 480 Title 1 food assistance. T2 - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development JO - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development JF - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development Y1 - 1982/// IS - 39 SP - xv + 160 EP - xv + 160 AD - Bureau for Science and Technology, USAID, Washington, DC 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19841811518. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Corporate Author: USA, US Agency for International Development, Office of Evaluation Language: English. Number of References: ref. Subject Subsets: World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology; Rice; Wheat, Barley & Triticale Abstracts N2 - The PL 480 Title 1 programme has operated in Sri Lanka since 1956, providing food support in the form of wheat flour and wheat, and small amounts of rice and maize. Though wheat and bread are becoming more popular, they remain a supplement to, rather than a substitute for, rice. As a consequence, food stamps are mainly used for rice, and wheat aid does not reach the bulk of the rural poor directly. Nevertheless large wheat supplies may, through partial substitution, free rice for broader consumption. No disincentive effects on rice production were evident with production of the latter rising, as a result of pricing policies and technological innovation, at the same time as PL 480 imports rose. There may, however, be disincentives to the production of coarse grains. Balance of payments effects are significant and positive. Though self reliance is a valued objective, Title 1 is treated as a multi-year resource despite being programmed only annually. This last feature inhibits forward planning, but only Title III aid provides a multi-year commitment and carries penalties in terms of administrative costs and policy reforms. Some innovative arrangement to bridge this divide is advocated. The programme has probably made a positive contribution to US/Sri Lankan relations, was modestly helpful in relieving US grain surpluses, and made minor openings for US commercial sales, though these were limited by the small size of the Sri Lankan market. KW - Economics KW - Food aid KW - wheat KW - Sri Lanka KW - USA KW - Triticum KW - Poaceae KW - Cyperales KW - monocotyledons KW - angiosperms KW - Spermatophyta KW - plants KW - eukaryotes KW - Commonwealth of Nations KW - Developing Countries KW - South Asia KW - Asia KW - APEC countries KW - Developed Countries KW - North America KW - America KW - OECD Countries KW - Ceylon KW - United States of America KW - Food Policy, Food Security and Food Aid (EE500) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Economics (General) (EE100) (Discontinued June 2002) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19841811518&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Korea health demonstration project. AU - Dunlop, D. W. ( AU - et al. T2 - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, Agency for International Development JO - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, Agency for International Development JF - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, Agency for International Development Y1 - 1982/// IS - 36 SP - a EP - a AD - Dunlop, D. W. (: USAID, Washington, D.C., USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19831800715. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Rural Development N2 - In 1976 the Government of Korea and the US Government signed a loan agreement as a result of which a semi-autonomous organization, the Korean Health Development Institute, was created. Its task included the design, implementation and evaluation of primary health care projects at the local government level. This evaluation examines the project setting, the project itself and its impact in terms of institution building, changes in the rural health care delivery system and health system sustainability. Although the demonstration area health care systems achieved early success, their achievements were found to have been seriously eroded, with little community involvement and falling utilization rates. KW - health services KW - rural development KW - Korea Republic KW - APEC countries KW - Developing Countries KW - East Asia KW - Asia KW - OECD Countries KW - Threshold Countries KW - South Korea KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Extension and Advisory Work (CC200) KW - Policy and Planning (EE120) KW - Public Services and Infrastructure (UU300) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19831800715&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Toward a health project evaluation framework. AU - Dunlop, D. W. T2 - AID Evaluation Special Study, US Agency for International Development JO - AID Evaluation Special Study, US Agency for International Development JF - AID Evaluation Special Study, US Agency for International Development Y1 - 1982/// IS - 8 SP - ix + 41 EP - ix + 41 AD - Dunlop, D. W.: USAID, Washington D.C., USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19831800489. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Rural Development N2 - Prepared with the assistance of the Health Evaluation Working Group of USAID, this paper provides a contribution to the establishment of an evaluation framework for primary health care interventions in developing countries. Problems of current approaches are discussed -- the assumed linear flow of impacts, attribution, feedback and indirect impacts and time as an important variable in evaluation. Five concepts for inclusion in health project evaluation are examined, including economic rationale, health project context, cost and financial analysis, and equity considerations. Practical issues are also considered (data availability, timing of impact measurement, etc.). KW - development projects KW - evaluation KW - health services KW - rural development KW - Developing countries KW - countries KW - Third World KW - Underdeveloped Countries KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Extension and Advisory Work (CC200) KW - Development Aid, Agencies and Projects (EE450) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Policy and Planning (EE120) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19831800489&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - PL 480 Title II: a study of the impact of a food assistance program in the Philippines. AU - Blumenfeld, S. ( AU - et al. T2 - AID Program Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development JO - AID Program Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development JF - AID Program Evaluation Report, US Agency for International Development Y1 - 1982/// IS - 6 SP - a EP - a AD - Blumenfeld, S. (: USAID, Washington, D.C., USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19831800641. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition; World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology N2 - The report examines the impact and effectiveness of US-assisted supplementary feeding programmes in the Philippines. It presents an analysis of the nutrition situation in the Philippines; the objectives and implementation of PL 480 Title II; details of specific programmes -- the day care, maternal and child health (MCH), school feeding and food for work programmes. It is recommended that priority be given to supporting the MCH and day care programmes, since these are effective in combating the malnutrition problem in the Philippines. School feeding programmes were not found to be cost effective, and gradual phasing out is recommended for the food for work programme. KW - food aid KW - supplementary feeding KW - Philippines KW - APEC countries KW - ASEAN Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - South East Asia KW - Asia KW - Consumer Economics (EE720) KW - Food Science and Food Products (Human) (QQ000) KW - Food Policy, Food Security and Food Aid (EE500) (Discontinued March 2000) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19831800641&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Morocco: Food Aid and Nutrition Education. AU - Gilmore, J. W. T2 - U. S. Agency for International Development, AID Project Report JO - U. S. Agency for International Development, AID Project Report JF - U. S. Agency for International Development, AID Project Report Y1 - 1980/// IS - 8 SP - 64 EP - 64 AD - Gilmore, J. W.: Bureau for Private and Development Co-operation, USAID, Washington, DC, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19812610997. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. N2 - In 1975 USAID provided a grant to Catholic Relief Services to introduce nutrition education into its 250 social education centres in Morocco which were distributing food aid. This evaluation took place in February 1980. The team found a well-organized and high quality system which had expanded to 300 centres since transfer of the programme to the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1979. The social education centres were found to have positively influenced the nutritional levels of Moroccan children, and nutrition education had been effectively linked with food aid. Lessons learned from the programme are listed, and appendices provide additional data on evaluation methodology, nutritional impact, and cost per beneficiary. KW - arid zones KW - development aid KW - education KW - food KW - nutrition KW - Morocco KW - Developing Countries KW - Francophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Maghreb KW - North Africa KW - Mediterranean Region KW - aid KW - arid regions KW - Development Aid, Agencies and Projects (EE450) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Education, Extension, Information and Training (General) (CC000) KW - Social Sciences (General) (UU000) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19812610997&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Morocco: food aid and nutrition education. AU - Gilmore, J. W. ( AU - et al. T2 - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, Agency for International Development JO - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, Agency for International Development JF - AID Project Impact Evaluation Report, Agency for International Development Y1 - 1980/// IS - 8 SP - vi+64 EP - vi+64 AD - Gilmore, J. W. (: Bureau for Private and Development Co-operation, USAID, Washington, D.C., USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19801872866. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition; World Agriculture, Economics & Rural Sociology; Rural Development N2 - In 1975 USAID provided a grant to Catholic Relief Services to introduce nutrition education into its 250 social education centres in Morocco which were distributing food aid. This evaluation took place in February 1980. The team found a well-organized and high quality system which had expanded to 300 centres since transfer of the programme to the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1979. The social education centres were found to have positively influenced the nutritional levels of Moroccan children, and nutrition education had been effectively linked with food aid. Lessons learned from the programme are listed, and appendices provide additional data on evaluation methodology, nutritional impact, and cost per beneficiary. KW - evaluation KW - food aid KW - nutrition education KW - projects KW - rural development KW - VOLUNTARY SERVICES KW - Morocco KW - Developing Countries KW - Francophone Africa KW - Africa KW - Maghreb KW - North Africa KW - Mediterranean Region KW - voluntary agencies KW - Consumer Economics (EE720) KW - Food Science and Food Products (Human) (QQ000) KW - Food Policy, Food Security and Food Aid (EE500) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Policy and Planning (EE120) KW - Education, Extension, Information and Training (General) (CC000) KW - Health Services (UU350) KW - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19801872866&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER - TY - GEN T1 - Beliefs, behaviour or perceptions of participants in a Philippine nutrition program. AU - Jansen, W. H. T2 - Beliefs, behaviour or perceptions of participants in a Philippine nutrition program. JO - Beliefs, behaviour or perceptions of participants in a Philippine nutrition program. JF - Beliefs, behaviour or perceptions of participants in a Philippine nutrition program. Y1 - 1978/// SP - 45 EP - 45 CY - Washington, D.C.; USA PB - US Agency for International Development. AD - Jansen, W. H.: USAID, Washington, D.C. 20523, USA. N1 - Accession Number: 19801869256. Publication Type: Miscellaneous. Language: English. Number of References: 25 tab., 2 ref. Subject Subsets: Rural Development N2 - This reports on a study begun in 1977 to develop a socio-cultural characterization of participants in the Philippines Targeted Material and Child Health Programme. The results of a survey of 303 informants from six provinces are analyzed. Data cover such topics as educational attainment, employment, and attitudes to the programme. The study found that the perceptions of many of those covered by the survey regarding malnutrition were different from those of nutrition scientists. Underweight children were commonly considered to be normal and diet was not always a variable associated with child health. KW - attitudes KW - health services KW - nutrition KW - projects KW - rural development KW - surveys KW - Philippines KW - APEC countries KW - ASEAN Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - South East Asia KW - Asia KW - Social Psychology and Culture (UU490) (Discontinued March 2000) KW - Policy and Planning (EE120) KW - Extension and Advisory Work (CC200) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19801869256&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - lhh ER -