13 MeV relative to the nominal 1.9 GeV beam energy. Femtosecond pulses are effectively isolated from the long-pulse background using the transverse dispersion of the storage ring in combination with an x-ray imaging optic and a pair of slits to achieve a signal/background ratio of ∼1. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SYNCHROTRONS KW - LIGHT sources KW - LASER manipulation (Nuclear physics) KW - ELECTRON beams KW - STORAGE rings KW - PARTICLE accelerators N1 - Accession Number: 13496994; Schoenlein, R. W. 1 Cavalleri, A. 1 Chong, H. H. W. 2 Glover, T. E. 3 Heimann, P. A. 3 Zholents, A. A. 4 Zolotrev, M. S. 4 Warwick, T.; Affiliation: 1: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Natonal Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Applied Sciences Graduate Program, U.C. Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 4: Accelerator and Fusion Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 705 Issue 1, p1403; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRONS; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Subject Term: LASER manipulation (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: STORAGE rings; Subject Term: PARTICLE accelerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1758064 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13496994&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heimann, P. A. AU - Padmore, H. A. AU - Schoenlein, R. W. AU - Warwick, T. T1 - ALS Beamline 6.0 For Ultrafast X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 705 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1407 EP - 1410 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - ALS Beamline 6.0 is designed for x-ray absorption spectroscopy with femtosecond x-ray pulses generated by the bunch ‘slicing’ technique. The fs x-ray pulses are isolated by imaging the source and translating slits a small vertical distance from the optical axis. Soft and hard x-ray branch lines will cover a wide photon energy range from 120 eV to 10 keV. A soft x-ray spectrograph will collect absorption spectra dispersively. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - SPECTROGRAPHS KW - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments KW - GRENZ rays KW - ABSORPTION spectra KW - PHOTONS KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 13496993; Heimann, P. A. 1 Padmore, H. A. 1 Schoenlein, R. W. 2 Warwick, T.; Affiliation: 1: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 705 Issue 1, p1407; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: GRENZ rays; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1758065 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13496993&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gazda, Daniel B. AU - Fritz, James S. AU - Porter, Marc D. T1 - Determination of nickel(II) as the nickel dimethylglyoxime complex using colorimetric solid phase extraction JO - Analytica Chimica Acta JF - Analytica Chimica Acta Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 508 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 53 SN - 00032670 AB - Colorimetric solid phase extraction (C-SPE) is an analytical technique in which analytes in water samples are extracted onto a solid adsorbent matrix impregnated with a colorimetric reagent and then quantified directly on the adsorbent surface using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. This paper presents a further development in C-SPE. In this case, the reagent employed to detect the analyte is not impregnated on the extraction medium. Instead, the reagent is weakly immobilized on a solid support (i.e., filter paper) and released into the sample as it flows through the support. The reagent complexes the analyte in solution, forming a highly colored precipitate that is collected on the surface of an extraction membrane. The concentration of analyte is determined using the Kubelka–Munk function calculated from the diffuse reflectance spectrum of the precipitate on the membrane surface. This precipitation–spectrophotometric platform is extensively evaluated by determining nickel(II) using dimethylglyoxime (DMG) as the precipitating reagent. The ability to optimize reaction conditions with immobilized reagents by in-line buffering is also demonstrated. Specifically, borax buffer was utilized to adjust the pH of nickel(II) samples prepared in deionized water. This combination of immobilized buffer and reagent allows C-SPE to operate in a solid-phase mode in which all the reagents requisite for optimal analyte determination are immobilized on solid supports. Using this method, nickel(II) was determined in a single processing step over the concentration range 0.50–5.0 ppm in ∼40 s with 1.0 ml sample volumes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Analytica Chimica Acta is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NICKEL KW - SOLID phase extraction KW - COLORIMETRY KW - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy KW - Colorimetric solid phase extraction KW - Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy KW - Dimethylglyoxime KW - Nickel N1 - Accession Number: 12308670; Gazda, Daniel B. 1 Fritz, James S. 1 Porter, Marc D.; Email Address: mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov; Affiliation: 1: Ames Laboratory, Department of Energy, and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 508 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: SOLID phase extraction; Subject Term: COLORIMETRY; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Colorimetric solid phase extraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dimethylglyoxime; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.aca.2003.11.044 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12308670&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Song, Simon AU - Singh, Anup K. AU - Shepodd, Timothy J. AU - Kirby, Brian J. T1 - Microchip Dialysis of Proteins Using in Situ Photopatterned Nanoporous Polymer Membranes. JO - Analytical Chemistry JF - Analytical Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 76 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 2367 EP - 2373 SN - 00032700 AB - Chip-level integration of microdialysis membranes is described using a novel method for in situ photopatterning of porous polymer features. Rapid and inexpensive fabrication of nanoporous microdialysis membranes in microchips is achieved using a phase separation polymerization technique with a shaped UV laser beam. By controlling the phase separation process, the molecular weight cutoffs of the membranes can be engineered for different applications. Counterflow dialysis is used to demonstrate extraction of low molecular weight analytes from a sample stream, using two different molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) membranes; the first one with MWCO below 5700 for desalting protein samples, and the second one with a higher MWCO for size-based fractionation of proteins. Modeling based on a simple control volume analysis on the microdialysis system is consistent with measured concentration profiles, indicating both that membrane properties are uniform, well-defined, and reproducible and that diffusion of subcutoff analytes through the membrane is rapid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROTEINS -- Analysis KW - INTEGRATED circuits KW - LASER beams KW - DIALYSIS (Chemistry) KW - POROUS materials KW - POLYMERIZATION N1 - Accession Number: 12965980; Song, Simon 1 Singh, Anup K. 1 Shepodd, Timothy J. 1 Kirby, Brian J. 1; Email Address: bjkirby@sandia.gov; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, MS 9951, Livermore, California 94551.; Source Info: 4/15/2004, Vol. 76 Issue 8, p2367; Subject Term: PROTEINS -- Analysis; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: DIALYSIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: POLYMERIZATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621492 Kidney Dialysis Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1021/ac035290r UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12965980&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sauer, Kenneth AU - Yachandra, Vittal K. T1 - The water-oxidation complex in photosynthesis JO - BBA - Bioenergetics JF - BBA - Bioenergetics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 1655 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 140 SN - 00052728 AB - Studies of the photosynthetic water-oxidation complex of photosystem II (PS II) using spectroscopic techniques have characterized not only important structural features, but also changes that occur in oxidation state of the Mn4 cluster and in its internal organization during the accumulation of oxidizing equivalents leading to O2 formation. Combining this spectroscopic information with that from the recently published relatively low-resolution X-ray diffraction studies, we have succeeded in limiting the range of likely cluster arrangements. This evidence strongly supports several options proposed earlier by DeRose et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 (1994) 5239] and these can be further narrowed using compatibility with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of BBA - Bioenergetics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROTEINS KW - OXYGEN KW - PHOTOSYNTHESIS KW - X-ray diffraction KW - electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) KW - EPR KW - EXAFS KW - extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) KW - multiline EPR signal (MLS) KW - Oxygen evolution KW - oxygen evolving complex (OEC) KW - Oxygen-evolving complex KW - Photosystem II KW - photosystem II (PS II) KW - S-state KW - tyrosine D (YD) KW - tyrosine Z (YZ) KW - X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) KW - X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) KW - XANES N1 - Accession Number: 12852944; Sauer, Kenneth 1,2; Email Address: KHSauer@LBL.GOV Yachandra, Vittal K. 1; Email Address: VKYachandra@LBL.GOV; Affiliation: 1: Melvin Calvin Laboratory, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA 2: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 1655 Issue 1-3, p140; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); Author-Supplied Keyword: EPR; Author-Supplied Keyword: EXAFS; Author-Supplied Keyword: extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS); Author-Supplied Keyword: multiline EPR signal (MLS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxygen evolving complex (OEC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen-evolving complex; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosystem II; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosystem II (PS II); Author-Supplied Keyword: S-state; Author-Supplied Keyword: tyrosine D (YD); Author-Supplied Keyword: tyrosine Z (YZ); Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES); Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS); Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES); Author-Supplied Keyword: XANES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.bbabio.2003.07.004 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12852944&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Britt, R. David AU - Campbell, Kristy A. AU - Peloquin, Jeffrey M. AU - Gilchrist, M. Lane AU - Aznar, Constantino P. AU - Dicus, Michelle M. AU - Robblee, John AU - Messinger, Johannes T1 - Recent pulsed EPR studies of the Photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex: implications as to water oxidation mechanisms JO - BBA - Bioenergetics JF - BBA - Bioenergetics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 1655 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 158 SN - 00052728 AB - The pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods of electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) and electron spin echo-electron nuclear double resonance (ESE-ENDOR) are used to investigate the structure of the Photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), including the paramagnetic manganese cluster and its immediate surroundings. Recent unpublished results from the pulsed EPR laboratory at UC-Davis are discussed, along with aspects of recent publications, with a focus on substrate and cofactor interactions. New data on the proximity of exchangeable deuterons around the Mn cluster poised in the S0-state are presented and interpreted. These pulsed EPR results are used in an evaluation of several recently proposed mechanisms for PSII water oxidation. We strongly favor mechanistic models where the substrate waters bind within the OEC early in the S-state cycle. Models in which the O&z.sbnd;O bond is formed by a nucleophilic attack by a Ca2+-bound water on a strong S4-state electrophile provide a good match to the pulsed EPR data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of BBA - Bioenergetics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance KW - OXIDATION KW - NEUTRON spin echoes KW - WATER KW - carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) KW - chlorophyll (CHL) KW - continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) KW - dichlorophenyldimethyl urea (DCMU) KW - electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) KW - electron spin echo (ESE) KW - electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) KW - ENDOR KW - ESEEM KW - Multiline EPR signal KW - oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) KW - phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (PPBQ) KW - Photosystem II (PSII) KW - S0-state KW - Substrate water binding N1 - Accession Number: 12852947; Britt, R. David 1; Email Address: rdbritt@ucdavis.edu Campbell, Kristy A. 1 Peloquin, Jeffrey M. 1 Gilchrist, M. Lane 1 Aznar, Constantino P. 1 Dicus, Michelle M. 1 Robblee, John 2 Messinger, Johannes 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA 2: Melvin Calvin Laboratory, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5230, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 1655 Issue 1-3, p158; Subject Term: ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: NEUTRON spin echoes; Subject Term: WATER; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP); Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll (CHL); Author-Supplied Keyword: continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR); Author-Supplied Keyword: dichlorophenyldimethyl urea (DCMU); Author-Supplied Keyword: electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR); Author-Supplied Keyword: electron spin echo (ESE); Author-Supplied Keyword: electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM); Author-Supplied Keyword: ENDOR; Author-Supplied Keyword: ESEEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiline EPR signal; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxygen-evolving complex (OEC); Author-Supplied Keyword: phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (PPBQ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosystem II (PSII); Author-Supplied Keyword: S0-state; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrate water binding; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.bbabio.2003.11.009 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12852947&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - McMahon, Benjamin H. AU - Fabian, Marian AU - Tomson, Farol AU - Causgrove, Timothy P. AU - Bailey, James A. AU - Rein, Francisca N. AU - Dyer, R. Brian AU - Palmer, Graham AU - Gennis, Robert B. AU - Woodruff, William H. T1 - FTIR studies of internal proton transfer reactions linked to inter-heme electron transfer in bovine cytochrome c oxidase JO - BBA - Bioenergetics JF - BBA - Bioenergetics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 1655 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 321 SN - 00052728 AB - FTIR difference spectroscopy is used to reveal changes in the internal structure and amino acid protonation states of bovine cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) that occur upon photolysis of the CO adduct of the two-electron reduced (mixed valence, MV) and four-electron reduced (fully reduced, FR) forms of the enzyme. FTIR difference spectra were obtained in D2O (pH 6–9.3) between the MV-CO adduct (heme a3 and CuB reduced; heme a and CuA oxidized) and a photostationary state in which the MV-CO enzyme is photodissociated under constant illumination. In the photostationary state, part of the enzyme population has heme a3 oxidized and heme a reduced. In MV-CO, the frequency of the stretch mode of CO bound to ferrous heme a3 decreases from 1965.3 cm−1 at pH* ≤7 to 1963.7 cm−1 at pH* 9.3. In the CO adduct of the fully reduced enzyme (FR-CO), the CO stretching frequency is observed at 1963.46±0.05 cm−1, independent of pH. This indicates that in MV-CO there is a group proximal to heme a that deprotonates with a pKa of about 8.3, but that remains protonated over the entire pH* range 6–9.3 in FR-CO. The pKa of this group is therefore strongly coupled to the redox state of heme a. Following photodissociation of CO from heme a3 in MV oxidases, the extent of electron transfer from heme a3 to heme a shows a pH-dependent phase between pH 7 and 9, and a pH-independent phase at all pH''s. The FTIR difference spectrum resulting from photolysis of MV-CO exhibits vibrational features of the protein backbone and side chains associated with (1) the loss of CO by the a3 heme in the absence of electron transfer, (2) the pH-independent phase of the electron transfer, and (3) the pH-dependent phase of the electron transfer. Many infrared features change intensity or frequency during both electron transfer phases and thus appear as positive or negative features in the difference spectra. In particular, a negative band at 1735 cm−1 and a positive band at 1412 cm−1 are consistent with the deprotonation of the acidic residue E242. Positive features at 1552 and 1661 cm−1 are due to amide backbone modes. Other positive and negative features between 1600 and 1700 cm−1 are consistent with redox-induced shifts in heme formyl vibrations, and the redox-linked protonation of an arginine residue, accompanying electron transfer from heme a3 to heme a. An arginine could be the residue responsible for the pH-dependent shift in the carbonyl frequency of MV-CO. Specific possibilities as to the functional significance of these observations are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of BBA - Bioenergetics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROTON transfer reactions KW - AMINO acids KW - ENZYMES KW - COPPER KW - cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) KW - Cytochrome oxidase KW - FTIR KW - fully reduced cytochrome c oxidase (FR) KW - Glutamate KW - mixed valence (two-electron reduced) cytochrome c oxidase (MV) KW - Mixed-valence KW - refer to the carbon monoxide adducts with ferrous heme a3 in the MV and FR forms of the enzyme, respectively (MV-CO and FR-CO) KW - refers to the reading of the pH meter using D2O buffer (pH*) N1 - Accession Number: 12852968; McMahon, Benjamin H. 1 Fabian, Marian 2 Tomson, Farol 3 Causgrove, Timothy P. 1 Bailey, James A. 1 Rein, Francisca N. 1 Dyer, R. Brian 1 Palmer, Graham 2 Gennis, Robert B. 3 Woodruff, William H. 1; Email Address: woody@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry Division, Bioscience Division, and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Michelson Res., Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2: Department of Biochemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA 3: Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 1655 Issue 1-3, p321; Subject Term: PROTON transfer reactions; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: ENZYMES; Subject Term: COPPER; Author-Supplied Keyword: cytochrome c oxidase (CcO); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cytochrome oxidase; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: fully reduced cytochrome c oxidase (FR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Glutamate; Author-Supplied Keyword: mixed valence (two-electron reduced) cytochrome c oxidase (MV); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed-valence; Author-Supplied Keyword: refer to the carbon monoxide adducts with ferrous heme a3 in the MV and FR forms of the enzyme, respectively (MV-CO and FR-CO); Author-Supplied Keyword: refers to the reading of the pH meter using D2O buffer (pH*); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.01.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12852968&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Culha, Mustafa AU - Stokes, David L. AU - Griffin, Guy D. AU - Vo-Dinh, Tuan T1 - Application of a miniature biochip using the molecular beacon probe in breast cancer gene BRCA1 detection JO - Biosensors & Bioelectronics JF - Biosensors & Bioelectronics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 19 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 1007 SN - 09565663 AB - We report for the first time the application of a biochip using the molecular beacon (MB) detection scheme. The usability of this biochip novel detection system for the analysis of the breast cancer gene BRCA1 is demonstrated using molecular beacon probes. The MB is designed for the BRCA1 gene and a miniature biochip system is used for detection. The performance of the biochip-MB detection system is evaluated. The optimum conditions for the MB system for highest fluorescence detection sensitivity are investigated for the detection system. The detection of BRCA1 gene is successfully demonstrated in solution and the limit of detection (LOD) is estimated as 70 nM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BREAST cancer KW - BIOCHIPS KW - FLUORESCENCE KW - GENES KW - Biochip KW - BRCA1 KW - Detection KW - Fluorescence KW - Molecular beacon N1 - Accession Number: 12377284; Culha, Mustafa 1 Stokes, David L. 1 Griffin, Guy D. 1 Vo-Dinh, Tuan; Email Address: vodinht@ornl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Advanced Biomedical Science and Technology Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Life Science Division, Bethel Valley Road, MS-6101, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6101, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1007; Subject Term: BREAST cancer; Subject Term: BIOCHIPS; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: GENES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochip; Author-Supplied Keyword: BRCA1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular beacon; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.bios.2003.09.006 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12377284&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feng, Jie AU - Liu, Honglai AU - Hu, Ying AU - M. Prausnitz, John T1 - Micro-phase separation of diblock–copolymer melts confined in a slit from simulation calculations—effect of coarse-graining scale JO - Chemical Engineering Science JF - Chemical Engineering Science Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 59 IS - 8/9 M3 - Article SP - 1701 EP - 1710 SN - 00092509 AB - Two methods with different levels of coarse-graining are used to simulate microphase separation in diblock copolymer melts. The first uses Monte Carlo simulation (MC) based on particles and the second uses the cell-dynamical-system method (CDS) based on fluid elements. Results are presented for symmetric and asymmetricA –B diblock-copolymer melts (fA=0.5 , 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2) confined in a slit. Several microdomain morphologies are obtained. A lamella structure with alternateA - andB -rich layers appears for the symmetric case. Mesh-like, bi-continuous cylinder-like and dispersed sphere-like layers appear for asymmetric block copolymers with different compositions. Both methods of calculation give similar morphologies, indicating their mutual consistency. However, the calculation efficiency of CDS is remarkably higher, and it is therefore used to provide the pattern evolutions in time, the order-parameter distribution in real space, and the dynamic scattering function in Fourier space. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COPOLYMERS KW - POLYMERS KW - MORPHOLOGY KW - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics) KW - Coarse-graining KW - Complex fluids KW - Morphology KW - Nanostructure KW - Polymer KW - Simulation N1 - Accession Number: 13429487; Feng, Jie 1 Liu, Honglai 1; Email Address: hlliu@ecust.edu.cn Hu, Ying 1; Email Address: yinghu@ecust.edu.cn M. Prausnitz, John 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China 2: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 59 Issue 8/9, p1701; Subject Term: COPOLYMERS; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coarse-graining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Complex fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ces.2004.01.026 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13429487&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Micic, Miodrag AU - Hu, Dehong AU - Suh, Yung Doug AU - Newton, Greg AU - Romine, Margaret AU - Lu, H. Peter T1 - Correlated atomic force microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging of live bacterial cells JO - Colloids & Surfaces B: Biointerfaces JF - Colloids & Surfaces B: Biointerfaces Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 34 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 205 SN - 09277765 AB - We report on imaging living bacterial cells by using a correlated tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). For optimal imaging of Gram-negative Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 cells, we explored different methods of bacterial sample preparation, such as spreading the cells on poly-l-lysine coated surfaces or agarose gel coated surfaces. We have found that the agarose gel containing 99% ammonium acetate buffer can provide sufficient local aqueous environment for single bacterial cells. Furthermore, the cell surface topography can be characterized by tapping-mode in-air AFM imaging for the single bacterial cells that are partially embedded. Using in-air rather than under-water AFM imaging of the living cells significantly enhanced the contrast and signal-to-noise ratio of the AFM images. Near-field AFM-tip-enhanced fluorescence lifetime imaging (AFM–FLIM) holds high promise on obtaining fluorescence images beyond optical diffraction limited spatial resolution. We have previously demonstrated near-field AFM–FLIM imaging of polymer beads beyond diffraction limited spatial resolution. Here, as the first step of applying AFM–FLIM on imaging bacterial living cells, we demonstrated a correlated and consecutive AFM topographic imaging, fluorescence intensity imaging, and FLIM imaging of living bacterial cells to characterize cell polarity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Colloids & Surfaces B: Biointerfaces is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BACTERIA KW - ATOMIC force microscopy KW - IMAGING systems KW - SHEWANELLA KW - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) KW - Bacteria KW - Cell wall KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Flagella KW - Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) KW - Shewanella oneidensis N1 - Accession Number: 12745468; Micic, Miodrag Hu, Dehong 1 Suh, Yung Doug 1 Newton, Greg 1 Romine, Margaret 1 Lu, H. Peter; Email Address: peter.lu@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Fundamental Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MSIN K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p205; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: SHEWANELLA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic force microscopy (AFM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell wall; Author-Supplied Keyword: Confocal microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flagella; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Shewanella oneidensis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2003.10.020 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12745468&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dobaczewski, J. AU - Olbratowski, P. T1 - Solution of the Skyrme–Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov equations in the Cartesian deformed harmonic-oscillator basis. (IV) HFODD (v2.08i): a new version of the program JO - Computer Physics Communications JF - Computer Physics Communications Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 158 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 158 SN - 00104655 AB - We describe the new version (v2.08i) of the code HFODD which solves the nuclear Skyrme–Hartree–Fock or Skyrme–Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov problem by using the Cartesian deformed harmonic-oscillator basis. In the new version, all symmetries can be broken, which allows for calculations with angular frequency and angular momentum tilted with respect to the mass distribution. The new version contains an interface to the LAPACK subroutine ZHPEVX.: Program summaryTitle of the program: HFODD (v2.08i)Catalogue number: ADTOProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen''s University of Belfast, N. IrelandProgram summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADTOReference in CPC for earlier version of program: J. Dobaczewski and J. Dudek, Comput. Phys. Commun. 131 (2000) 164 (v1.75r)Catalogue number of previous version: ADMLLicensing provisions: noneDoes the new version supersede the previous one: yesComputers on which the program has been tested: SG Power Challenge L, Pentium-II, Pentium-III, AMD-AthlonOperating systems: UNIX, LINUX, Windows-2000Programming language used: FORTRAN-77 and FORTRAN-90Memory required to execute with typical data: 10 MwordsNo. of bits in a word: The code is written in single-precision for the use on a 64-bit processor. The compiler option -r8 or +autodblpad (or equivalent) has to be used to promote all real and complex single-precision floating-point items to double precision when the code is used on a 32-bit machine.Has the code been vectorised?: YesNo. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 265352No. of lines in distributed program: 52656Distribution format: tar gzip fileNature of physical problem: The nuclear mean-field and an analysis of its symmetries in realistic cases are the main ingredients of a description of nuclear states. Within the Local Density Approximation, or for a zero-range velocity-dependent Skyrme interaction, the nuclear mean-field is local and velocity dependent. The locality allows for an effective and fast solution of the self-consistent Hartree–Fock equations, even for heavy nuclei, and for various nucleonic (n -particlen -hole) configurations, deformations, excitation energies, or angular momenta. Similar Local Density Approximation in the particle-particle channel, which is equivalent to using a zero-range interaction, allows for a simple implementation of pairing effects within the Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov method.Method of solution: The program uses the Cartesian harmonic oscillator basis to expand single-particle or single-quasiparticle wave functions of neutrons and protons interacting by means of the Skyrme effective interaction and zero-range pairing interaction. The expansion coefficients are determined by the iterative diagonalization of the mean field Hamiltonians or Routhians which depend non-linearly on the local neutron and proton densities. Suitable constraints are used to obtain states corresponding to a given configuration, deformation or angular momentum. The method of solution has been presented in: J. Dobaczewski, J. Dudek, Comput. Phys. Commun. 102 (1997) 166.Summary of revisions:Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: The main restriction is the CPU time required for calculations of heavy deformed nuclei and for a given precision required. Pairing correlations are only included for even-even nuclei and conserved simplex symmetry.Typical running time: One Hartree–Fock iteration for the superdeformed, rotating, parity conserving state of 15266Dy86 takes about six seconds on the AMD-Athlon 1600+ processor. Starting from the Woods–Saxon wave functions, about fifty iterations are required to obtain the energy converged within the precision of about 0.1 keV. In case when every value of the angular velocity is converged separately, the complete superdeformed band with precisely determined dynamical moments Two insignificant errors have been corrected. Breaking of all the three plane-reflection symmetries has been implemented. Breaking of all the three time-reversal×plane-reflection symmetries has been implemented. Conservation of parity with simultaneously broken simplex has been implemented. Tilted-axis cranking has been implemented. Cranking with isovector angular frequency has been implemented. Quadratic constraint on tilted angular momentum has been added. Constraint on the vector product of angular frequency and angular momentum has been added. Calculation of surface multipole moments has been added. Constraints on surface multipole moments have been added. Calculation of magnetic moments has been added. Calculation of multipole and surface multipole moments in the center-of-mass reference frame has been added. Calculation of multipole, surface multipole, and magnetic moments in the principal-axes (intrinsic) reference frame has been added. Calculation of angular momenta in the center-of-mass and principal-axes reference frames has been added. New single-particle observables for a diabatic blocking have been added. Solution of the Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov equations has been implemented. Non-standard spin-orbit energy density has been implemented. Non-standard center-of-mass corrections have been implemented. Definition of the time-odd terms through the Landau parameters has been implemented. Definition of Skyrme forces taken from the literature now includes the force parameters as well as the value of the nucleon mass and the treatment of tensor, spin-orbit, and center-of-mass terms specific to the given force. Interface to the LAPACK subroutine ZHPEVX has been implemented. Computer memory management has been improved by implementing the memory-allocation features available within FORTRAN-90. J(2) can be obtained within forty minutes of CPU on the AMD-Athlon 1600+ processor. This time can be often reduced by a factor of three when a self-consistent solution for a given rotational frequency is used as a starting point for a neighboring rotational frequency.Unusual features of the program: The user must have an access to the NAGLIB subroutine F02AXE, or to the LAPACK subroutines ZHPEV or ZHPEVX, which diagonalize complex hermitian matrices, or provide another subroutine which can perform such a task. The LAPACK subroutines ZHPEV and ZHPEVX can be obtained from the Netlib Repository at University of Tennessee, Knoxville: http://netlib2.cs.utk.edu/cgi-bin/netlibfiles.pl?filename=/lapack/complex16/zhpev.f and http://netlib2.cs.utk.edu/cgi-bin/netlibfiles.pl?filename=/lapack/complex16/zhpevx.f respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Computer Physics Communications is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMPUTER software KW - HARMONIC oscillators KW - HARMONIC motion KW - COMPUTER programming KW - 21.60.-n KW - Coulomb field KW - Harmonic oscillator KW - Hartree–Fock KW - Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov KW - High-spin states KW - Level crossings KW - Moments of inertia KW - Nuclear many-body problem KW - Nuclear radii KW - Nuclear rotation KW - Octupole deformation KW - Pairing KW - Point symmetries KW - Quadrupole deformation KW - Self-consistent mean-field KW - Single-particle spectra KW - Skyrme interaction KW - Superdeformation N1 - Accession Number: 12743220; Dobaczewski, J. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: jacek.dobaczewski@fuw.edu.pl Olbratowski, P. 1,2; Email Address: przemyslaw.olbratowski@fuw.edu.pl; Affiliation: 1: Institute of Theoretical Physics, Warsaw University, ul. Hoża 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland 2: Institut de Recherches Subatomiques, CNRS-IN2P3/Université Louis Pasteur, F-67037 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France 3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 4: Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 158 Issue 3, p158; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: HARMONIC oscillators; Subject Term: HARMONIC motion; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: 21.60.-n; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coulomb field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmonic oscillator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hartree–Fock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-spin states; Author-Supplied Keyword: Level crossings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moments of inertia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear many-body problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear radii; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Octupole deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pairing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Point symmetries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quadrupole deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-consistent mean-field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-particle spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skyrme interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superdeformation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.02.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12743220&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Song, Seung-Wan AU - Richardson, Thomas J. AU - Zhuang, Guorong V. AU - Devine, Thomas M. AU - Evans, James W. T1 - Effect on aluminum corrosion of LiBF4 addition into lithium imide electrolyte; a study using the EQCM JO - Electrochimica Acta JF - Electrochimica Acta Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 49 IS - 9/10 M3 - Article SP - 1483 SN - 00134686 AB - A study of the corrosion of Al, used as a current collector for the cathode of rechargeable lithium batteries, has been carried out using the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). An aluminum film was highly corroded in 1 M LiTFSI (lithium trifluorosulfonimide (LiTFSI), LiN(SO2CF3)2)/EC+DMC electrolyte at 2–5 V versus Li/Li+ with the formation of large pits, while the corrosion was clearly suppressed by adding LiBF4 salt into the imide electrolyte. Depression of corrosion on adding LiBF4 was attributed to the formation of a stable passive layer on the surface of aluminum due to the reaction of aluminum with electrolyte and the decomposition of electrolyte solvent at high potentials. The resulting data may help clarify the corrosion mechanism of aluminum metal in imide electrolyte and give insight into enhancing the performance of lithium ion batteries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LITHIUM KW - MICROBALANCES KW - CORROSION & anti-corrosives KW - ALUMINUM KW - Aluminum KW - Corrosion KW - EQCM KW - Imide electrolyte KW - Passive layer KW - Rechargeable lithium batteries N1 - Accession Number: 12168085; Song, Seung-Wan 1 Richardson, Thomas J. 1 Zhuang, Guorong V. 2 Devine, Thomas M. 1,3; Email Address: devine@socrates.berkeley.edu Evans, James W. 1,3; Affiliation: 1: Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 210 Hearst Mining Building, MC 1760, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 49 Issue 9/10, p1483; Subject Term: LITHIUM; Subject Term: MICROBALANCES; Subject Term: CORROSION & anti-corrosives; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: EQCM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imide electrolyte; Author-Supplied Keyword: Passive layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rechargeable lithium batteries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.10.034 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12168085&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Francoual, S. AU - Shibata, K. AU - De Boissieu, M. AU - Baron, A. Q. R. AU - Tsutsui, S. AU - Currat, R. AU - Takakura, H. AU - Tsai, A. P. AU - Lograsso, T. A. AU - Ross, A. R. T1 - Experimental Study of Phonon Dynamics in the Icosahedral i-CdYb Phase and its 1/1 Periodic Approximant. JO - Ferroelectrics JF - Ferroelectrics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 305 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 235 EP - 238 SN - 00150193 AB - We report on a comparative dynamical study carried out by inelastic X-ray scattering on the i-Cdit5.7Yb quasicrystal and on its 1/1 approximant Cdit6Yb. The phonon response function is shown to be very similar in both systems, with well defined acoustic modes for small wavevector values and dispersionless optical bands centred around 4, 9 and 16 meV. However, the acoustic regime is found to be more limited in the i-phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray scattering KW - PHONONS KW - QUASIPARTICLES (Physics) KW - ICOSAHEDRA KW - POLYHEDRA KW - MATHEMATICAL models KW - APPROXIMATION theory KW - approximants KW - inelastic X-ray scattering KW - inelastic X-ray scattering. KW - lattice dynamics KW - Quasicrystals N1 - Accession Number: 15060825; Francoual, S. 1,2; Email Address: sfranco@ltpcm.inpg.fr Shibata, K. 3 De Boissieu, M. 1 Baron, A. Q. R. 4 Tsutsui, S. 4 Currat, R. 2 Takakura, H. 5 Tsai, A. P. 6 Lograsso, T. A. 7 Ross, A. R. 8; Affiliation: 1: LTPCM/ENSEEG, UMR CNRS 5614, 38402 St Martin d'H`eres, France. 2: Institut Laue Langevin, BP 156 38042 Grenoble, France. 3: Neutron Science Research Center, JAERI, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan. 4: SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Mikazuki-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan. 5: Advanced Materials Laboratory, NIMS, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan. 6: Materials Engineering Laboratory, NIMS, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan. 7: Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, IA 50011, USA. 8: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 305 Issue 1, p235; Subject Term: X-ray scattering; Subject Term: PHONONS; Subject Term: QUASIPARTICLES (Physics); Subject Term: ICOSAHEDRA; Subject Term: POLYHEDRA; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: approximants; Author-Supplied Keyword: inelastic X-ray scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: inelastic X-ray scattering.; Author-Supplied Keyword: lattice dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quasicrystals; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/00150190490462937 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15060825&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zachara, John M. AU - Kukkadapu, Ravi K. AU - Gassman, Paul L. AU - Dohnalkova, Alice AU - Fredrickson, Jim K. AU - Anderson, Todd T1 - Biogeochemical transformation of Fe minerals in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer JO - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 68 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1791 SN - 00167037 AB - The Bemidji aquifer in Minnesota, USA is a well-studied site of subsurface petroleum contamination. The site contains an anoxic groundwater plume where soluble petroleum constituents serve as an energy source for a region of methanogenesis near the source and bacterial Fe(III) reduction further down gradient. Methanogenesis apparently begins when bioavailable Fe(III) is exhausted within the sediment. Past studies indicate that Geobacter species and Geothrix fermentens-like organisms are the primary dissimilatory Fe-reducing bacteria at this site. The Fe mineralogy of the pristine aquifer sediments and samples from the methanogenic (source) and Fe(III) reducing zones were characterized in this study to identify microbiologic changes to Fe valence and mineral distribution, and to identify whether new biogenic mineral phases had formed. Methods applied included X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); and chemical extraction; optical, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy; and Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy.All of the sediments were low in total Fe content (≈ 1%) and exhibited complex Fe-mineralogy. The bulk pristine sediment and its sand, silt, and clay-sized fractions were studied in detail. The pristine sediments contained Fe(II) and Fe(III) mineral phases. Ferrous iron represented approximately 50% of FeTOT. The relative Fe(II) concentration increased in the sand fraction, and its primary mineralogic residence was clinochlore with minor concentrations found as a ferroan calcite grain cement in carbonate lithic fragments. Fe(III) existed in silicates (epidote, clinochlore, muscovite) and Fe(III) oxides of detrital and authigenic origin. The detrital Fe(III) oxides included hematite and goethite in the form of mm-sized nodular concretions and smaller-sized dispersed crystallites, and euhedral magnetite grains. Authigenic Fe(III) oxides increased in concentration with decreasing particle size through the silt and clay fraction. Chemical extraction and Mo¨ssbauer analysis indicated that this was a ferrihydrite like-phase. Quantitative mineralogic and Fe(II/III) ratio comparisons between the pristine and contaminated sediments were not possible because of textural differences. However, comparisons between the texturally-similar source (where bioavailable Fe(III) had been exhausted) and Fe(III) reducing zone sediments (where bioavailable Fe(III) remained) indicated that dispersed detrital, crystalline Fe(III) oxides and a portion of the authigenic, poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide fraction had been depleted from the source zone sediment by microbiologic activity. Little or no effect of microbiologic activity was observed on silicate Fe(III). The presence of residual “ferrihydrite” in the most bioreduced, anoxic plume sediment (source) implied that a portion of the authigenic Fe(III) oxides were biologically inaccessible in weathered, lithic fragment interiors. Little evidence was found for the modern biogenesis of authigenic ferrous-containing mineral phases, perhaps with the exception of thin siderite or ferroan calcite surface precipitates on carbonate lithic fragments within source zone sediments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IRON KW - AQUIFERS KW - FOSSIL fuels KW - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles KW - MINNESOTA KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 12776013; Zachara, John M. 1; Email Address: john.zachara@pnl.gov Kukkadapu, Ravi K. 1 Gassman, Paul L. 1 Dohnalkova, Alice 1 Fredrickson, Jim K. 1 Anderson, Todd 2; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MSIN K8-96, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA 2: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p1791; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: AQUIFERS; Subject Term: FOSSIL fuels; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: MINNESOTA; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.022 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12776013&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brent D. Newman AU - Bradford P. Wilcox AU - Robert C. Graham T1 - Snowmelt-driven macropore flow and soil saturation in a semiarid forest. JO - Hydrological Processes JF - Hydrological Processes Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 18 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1035 EP - 1042 SN - 08856087 AB - Lateral subsurface flow is generally assumed to occur as a result of the development of a saturated zone above a low-permeability interface such as at the soilbedrock contact, and it is often augmented by macropore flow. Our objective was to evaluate the development of lateral subsurface flow and soil saturation at a semiarid ponderosa pine forest in New Mexico with respect to the conceptual model of saturation building above the soilbedrock contact. At this site, we have long-term observations of the water budget components, including lateral flow. A 1·5 m deep by 7 m long trench was constructed to observe lateral subsurface flow and development of saturation directly. Our observations are based on flow resulting from a melting snowdrift. The edge of the drift was about 7 m upslope from the trench. Lateral subsurface flow only occurred from root macropores in the Bt soil horizon. Saturation developed and grew outward from flowing root macropores, rather than growing upward from the soilbedrock interface. This macropore-centred saturation resulted in a highly heterogeneous distribution of water content until enough macropores began flowing and individual macropore saturated zones grew large enough to coalesce and saturate large volumes of the soil. Our observations are based on one snowmelt event and a relatively short hillslope flow path, and thus do not represent a full range of hydrologic conditions. Nevertheless, the observed behaviour did not conform to the traditional model of soilbedrock control of saturation and lateral flow. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Hydrological Processes is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Weights & measures KW - Volume (Cubic content) KW - Measurement KW - Volumetric analysis N1 - Accession Number: 18523116; Brent D. Newman 1; Bradford P. Wilcox 2; Robert C. Graham 3; Affiliations: 1: Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; 2: Rangeland Ecology and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; 3: Soil and Water Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2004, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p1035; Thesaurus Term: Weights & measures; Subject Term: Volume (Cubic content); Subject Term: Measurement; Subject Term: Volumetric analysis; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=18523116&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hache, John J. AU - Futrell, Jean H. AU - Laskin, Julia T1 - Relative proton affinities from kinetic energy release distributions for dissociation of proton-bound dimers: 2. Diamines as a test case JO - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry JF - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 233 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 223 SN - 13873806 AB - Dissociation of proton-bound dimers containing diamines is often characterized by a substantial entropy difference between the two competing reaction channels. Kinetic energy release distributions (KERDs) upon dissociation of diamine-containing dimers are utilized along with Finite Heat Bath theory analysis to obtain relative proton affinities of monomeric species composing the dimer. When dissociation of a proton-bound dimer is not associated with reverse activation barrier our method provides reliable relative energetics and dynamics. Results are reported for 1,3-propanediamine–diisopropylamine, and 1,4-butanediamine–triethylamine dimers, for which the dynamics approach provided accurate values of relative proton affinities and relative reaction entropies. We also show two examples, for which a substantial reverse activation barrier is found using KER measurements. These examples point to potential problems with utilizing aromatic reference bases in combination with bidentate molecules for thermochemical determinations using the kinetic method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STOPPING power (Nuclear physics) KW - CHEMICAL affinity KW - OLIGOMERS KW - DIMERS KW - Diamine KW - Dissociation KW - Dynamics approach KW - Kinetic energy release distribution (KERD) KW - Kinetic method KW - Proton-bound dimer KW - Reaction entropy KW - Relative energies N1 - Accession Number: 12899423; Hache, John J. 1 Futrell, Jean H. 1 Laskin, Julia; Email Address: Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Directorate, P.O. Box 999 (K8-88), Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 233 Issue 1-3, p223; Subject Term: STOPPING power (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CHEMICAL affinity; Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Subject Term: DIMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diamine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissociation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamics approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetic energy release distribution (KERD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetic method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proton-bound dimer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction entropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relative energies; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijms.2003.12.022 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12899423&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Weber, W. J. AU - Jiang, W. AU - Wang, C. M. AU - Shutthanandan, V. AU - Hallén, A. T1 - Effects of implantation temperature on damage accumulation in Al-implanted 4H–SiC. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 95 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 4012 EP - 4018 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - Damage accumulation in 4H–SiC under 1.1 MeV Al22+ irradiation is investigated as a function of dose at temperatures from 150 to 450 K. Based on Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis channeling spectra, the damage accumulation on both the Si and C sublattices have been determined, and a disorder accumulation model has been fit to the data. The model fits indicate that defect-stimulated amorphization is the primary amorphization mechanism in SiC over the temperature range investigated. The temperature dependence of the cross section for defect-stimulated amorphization and the critical dose for amorphization indicate that two different dynamic recovery processes are present, which are attributed to short-range recombination and long-range migration of point defects below and above room temperature, respectively. As the irradiation temperature approaches the critical temperature for amorphization, cluster formation has an increasing effect on disorder accumulation, and ion flux plays an important role on the nature and evolution of disorder. Dislocation loops, which are mostly formed under high ion flux, act as sinks for point defects, thereby reducing the disorder accumulation rate. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ION implantation KW - IRRADIATION KW - BACKSCATTERING KW - NUCLEAR reactions KW - CHANNELING (Physics) KW - SPECTRUM analysis N1 - Accession Number: 12687851; Zhang, Y. 1; Email Address: yanwen.zhang@pnI.gov Weber, W. J. 1 Jiang, W. 1 Wang, C. M. 1 Shutthanandan, V. 1 Hallén, A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352. 2: Department of Microelectronics and IT, Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, SE- 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden.; Source Info: 4/15/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 8, p4012; Subject Term: ION implantation; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactions; Subject Term: CHANNELING (Physics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1666974 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12687851&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stewart, E. J. AU - Carroll, M. S. AU - Sturm, J. C. T1 - Boron segregation and electrical properties in polycrystalline Si1-x-yGexCy and Si1-yCy alloys. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 95 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 4029 EP - 4035 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - In this article, we report strong boron segregation to polycrystalline Si1-x-yGexCy from polysilicon during thermal anneals in the temperature range of 800–900 °C. This effect is larger than previous reports of segregation to single-crystal Si1-xGex and increases with carbon concentration. Segregation also occurs in polycrystalline Si1-yCy, revealing that carbon by itself can drive the segregation (without germanium present). This segregation is used to model the enhanced threshold voltage stability of p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors with boron-doped polycrystalline Si1-x-yGexCy gates. We also study the electrical properties of polycrystalline Si1-x-yGexCy. For low carbon concentrations (0.4%), polycrystalline Si1-x-yGexCy has a similar level of dopant activation and mobility as polycrystalline Si1-xGex; increasing the concentration to 1.6% results in significant losses in both. Annealing the films for time scales similar to those needed for segregation causes no degradation of the electrical properties, indicating that electrically inactive defects are not driving the segregation. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLYCRYSTALLINE semiconductors KW - BORON KW - ALLOYS KW - GERMANIUM KW - CHARGE coupled devices KW - METAL oxide semiconductors N1 - Accession Number: 12687848; Stewart, E. J. 1; Email Address: Eric.J.Stewart@nge.com Carroll, M. S. 2 Sturm, J. C. 3; Affiliation: 1: Northrop Grumman Electronic Systenm, Baltimore. 2: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. 3: Center for Photonics and Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544.; Source Info: 4/15/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 8, p4029; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALLINE semiconductors; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: GERMANIUM; Subject Term: CHARGE coupled devices; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1649452 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12687848&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vogler, T. J. AU - Reinhart, W. D. AU - Chhabildas, L. C. T1 - Dynamic behavior of boron carbide. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 95 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 4173 EP - 4183 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - Boron carbide displays a rich response to dynamic compression that is not well understood. To address poorly understood aspects of behavior, including dynamic strength and the possibility of phase transformations, a series of plate impact experiments was performed that also included reshock and release configurations. Hugoniot data were obtained from the elastic limit (15–18 GPa) to 70 GPa and were found to agree reasonably well with the somewhat limited data in the literature. Using the Hugoniot data, as well as the reshock and release data, the possibility of the existence of one or more phase transitions was examined. There is tantalizing evidence, but at this time no phase transition can be conclusively demonstrated. However, the experimental data are consistent with a phase transition at a shock stress of about 40 GPa, though the volume change associated with it would have to be small. The reshock and release experiments also provide estimates of the shear stress and strength in the shocked state as well as a dynamic mean stress curve for the material. The material supports only a small shear stress in the shocked (Hugoniot) state, but it can support a much larger shear stress when loaded or unloaded from the shocked state. This strength in the shocked state is initially lower than the strength at the elastic limit but increases with pressure to about the same level. Also, the dynamic mean–stress curve estimated from reshock and release differs significantly from the hydrostate constructed from low-pressure data. Finally, a spatially resolved interferometer was used to directly measure spatial variations in particle velocity during the shock event. These spatially resolved measurements are consistent with previous work and suggest a nonuniform failure mode occurring in the material. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BORON KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) KW - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry) KW - OPTICAL instruments KW - PHYSICS instruments KW - OPTICAL industry N1 - Accession Number: 12687828; Vogler, T. J. 1; Email Address: tjvogle@sandia.gov Reinhart, W. D. 1 Chhabildas, L. C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Solid Dynamics and Energetic Materials, P.O. Box 5800, MS 1181, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185.; Source Info: 4/15/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 8, p4173; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: PHYSICS instruments; Subject Term: OPTICAL industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1686902 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12687828&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hurricane, O. A. T1 - Optimized minimal inductance transmission line configuration for Z-pinch experiments. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 95 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 4503 EP - 4505 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - Successful dynamic Z-pinch experiments generally require good current delivery to the target load. Power flow losses through highly inductive transmission line configurations reduce the current available to the load. In this brief article, a variational calculus technique is used to determine the transmission line configuration that produces the least possible inductance and therefore the best possible current delivery for Z-pinch experiments. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRIC lines KW - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry) KW - CALCULUS KW - ELECTRIC power distribution KW - SCIENTIFIC experimentation KW - ENERGY dissipation N1 - Accession Number: 12687776; Hurricane, O. A. 1; Email Address: hurricanc1@llnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551.; Source Info: 4/15/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 8, p4503; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: CALCULUS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1687986 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12687776&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosso, Kevin M. AU - Dupuis, Michel T1 - Reorganization energy associated with small polaron mobility in iron oxide. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 120 IS - 15 M3 - Article SP - 7050 EP - 7054 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - The reorganization energy is an important quantity controlling electron transfer rates. The internal contribution arising from the energy to reorganize donor/acceptor bonds can be evaluated by the “direct” and “4-point” methods. We examine how spatial separation leading to the noninteracting character of the donor and acceptor affects the reorganization energy. We show that the direct method captures contributions from interaction of the donor and acceptor while the 4-point method does not, and the two methods converge at large separation. Comparing reorganization energies determined by the two methods yields a measure of the degree of interaction between the initial and final states. The analysis is illustrated in the characterization of small polarons in iron oxides. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLARONS KW - IRON oxides KW - OXIDATION-reduction reaction KW - FORCE & energy KW - CHARGE exchange N1 - Accession Number: 12687744; Rosso, Kevin M. 1 Dupuis, Michel 1; Email Address: michel.dupuis@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Chemical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, K8-96, Richland, Washington 99352; Source Info: 4/15/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 15, p7050; Subject Term: POLARONS; Subject Term: IRON oxides; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1676117 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12687744&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gee, Richard H. AU - Roszak, Szczepan AU - Balasubramanian, Krishnan AU - Fried, Laurence E. T1 - Ab initio based force field and molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline TATB. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 120 IS - 15 M3 - Article SP - 7059 EP - 7066 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - An all-atom force field for 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is presented. The classical intermolecular interaction potential for TATB is based on single-point energies determined from high-level ab initio calculations of TATB dimers. The newly developed potential function is used to examine bulk crystalline TATB via molecular dynamics simulations. The isobaric thermal expansion and isothermal compression under hydrostatic pressures obtained from the molecular dynamics simulations are in good agreement with experiment. The calculated volume-temperature expansion is almost one dimensional along the c crystallographic axis, whereas under compression, all three unit cell axes participate, albeit unequally. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CRYSTALS -- Thermal properties KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - THERMAL expansion KW - HYDROGEN bonding KW - INTERMOLECULAR forces N1 - Accession Number: 12687742; Gee, Richard H. 1; Email Address: gee10@llnl.gov Roszak, Szczepan 1,2 Balasubramanian, Krishnan 1,3,4 Fried, Laurence E. 1; Affiliation: 1: University of California Chemistry and Material Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 2: Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland 3: Department of Applied Science, University of California—Davis, Livermore, California 94550 4: Glenn T. Seaborg Center, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Califrnia 94720; Source Info: 4/15/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 15, p7059; Subject Term: CRYSTALS -- Thermal properties; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Subject Term: INTERMOLECULAR forces; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1676120 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12687742&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ji, Na AU - Shen, Yuen-Ron T1 - Sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy of leucine molecules adsorbed at air–water interface. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 120 IS - 15 M3 - Article SP - 7107 EP - 7112 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - Sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy was used to study adsorption of leucine molecules at air–water interface from solutions with different concentrations and pH values. The surface density and the orientation of the isopropyl head group of the adsorbed leucine molecules could be deduced from the measurements. It was found that the orientation depends on the surface density, but only weakly on bulk pH value at the saturated surface density. The vibrational spectra of the interfacial water molecules appeared to be strongly affected by the charge state of the adsorbed leucine molecules. Enhancement and inversion of polar orientation of interfacial water molecules by surface charges or field controllable by the bulk pH value were observed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AMINO acids KW - ADSORPTION KW - VIBRATIONAL spectra KW - LEUCINE KW - HYDROGEN-ion concentration N1 - Accession Number: 12687736; Ji, Na 1 Shen, Yuen-Ron 1; Email Address: shenyr@socrates.berkeley.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: 4/15/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 15, p7107; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: LEUCINE; Subject Term: HYDROGEN-ion concentration; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1669375 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12687736&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chalmers, Michael J. AU - Kolch, Walter AU - Emmett, Mark R. AU - Marshall, Alan G. AU - Mischak, Harald T1 - Identification and analysis of phosphopeptides JO - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical & Life Sciences JF - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical & Life Sciences Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 803 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 111 SN - 15700232 AB - Reversible phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues in proteins is one of the key events in signal transduction. To understand the process of signal transduction on a molecular level, it is imperative to identify phosphorylation sites in proteins. In this review, we offer an overview of the different methods/technologies currently available to identify protein phosphorylation sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical & Life Sciences is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SERINE KW - TYROSINE KW - AMINO acids KW - PROTEINS KW - GENETIC transduction KW - MICROBIAL genetics KW - PHOSPHORYLATION KW - Phosphopeptides KW - Phosphorylation KW - Post-translational modification KW - Reviews N1 - Accession Number: 12500413; Chalmers, Michael J. 1 Kolch, Walter 2 Emmett, Mark R. 1 Marshall, Alan G. 1 Mischak, Harald 3; Email Address: mischak@mosaiques-diagnostics.com; Affiliation: 1: Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310-3706, USA 2: The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK 3: Mosaiques Diagniostics and Therapeutics AG, Feodor-Lynen Str. 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 803 Issue 1, p111; Subject Term: SERINE; Subject Term: TYROSINE; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: GENETIC transduction; Subject Term: MICROBIAL genetics; Subject Term: PHOSPHORYLATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phosphopeptides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phosphorylation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Post-translational modification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reviews; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.09.006 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12500413&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Palmblad, Magnus AU - Ramström, Margareta AU - Bailey, Christopher G. AU - McCutchen-Maloney, Sandra L. AU - Bergquist, Jonas AU - Zeller, Loreen C. T1 - Protein identification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry using retention time prediction JO - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical & Life Sciences JF - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical & Life Sciences Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 803 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 131 SN - 15700232 AB - Liquid chromatography has been coupled with mass spectrometry to improve the dynamic range and to reduce the complexity of sample introduced to the mass spectrometer at any given time. The chromatographic separation also provides information on the analytes, such as peptides in enzymatic digests of proteins; information that can be used when identifying the proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting. This paper discusses a recently introduced method based on retention time prediction to extract information from chromatographic separations and the applications of this method to protein identification in organisms with small and large genomes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical & Life Sciences is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROTEINS KW - GENOMES KW - PEPTIDES KW - LIQUID chromatography KW - MASS spectrometry KW - Protein identification KW - Retention time prediction N1 - Accession Number: 12500415; Palmblad, Magnus 1,2; Email Address: palmblad1@llnl.gov Ramström, Margareta 1,3 Bailey, Christopher G. 4 McCutchen-Maloney, Sandra L. 5 Bergquist, Jonas 3 Zeller, Loreen C. 4; Affiliation: 1: The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Ion Physics, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden 2: Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, USA 3: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden 4: Chemistry and Materials Science, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, USA 5: Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 803 Issue 1, p131; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: GENOMES; Subject Term: PEPTIDES; Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protein identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retention time prediction; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12500415&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huang, Wenjian AU - Jin, Chunyang AU - Derzon, Dora K. AU - Huber, Tina A. AU - Last, Julie A. AU - Provencio, Paula P. AU - Gopalan, Aravamudan S. AU - Dugger, Michael AU - Sasaki, Darryl Y. T1 - Synthesis of ether-linked fluorocarbon surfactants and their aggregational properties in organic solvents JO - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science JF - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 272 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 457 SN - 00219797 AB - A series of single- and double-tailed hydrocarbon–fluorocarbon (HF) surfactants were prepared to evaluate the effect of molecular structure on aggregate formation in organic solvents. The molecules were designed with ether linkages to permit facile syntheses of both sets of molecules. Solvent foaming studies were used to rapidly assess the surface-active properties of the surfactants, while dynamic light scattering provided quantitative critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and hydrodynamic radius (Rh ) measurements of the aggregates in solution. The single-tailed surfactants did not produce any foaming action in a number of hydrocarbon solvents, nor was any micellar formation observed up to 100 mM concentrations. Double-tailed surfactants, on the other hand, gave low CMC values in dodecane but withRh values that indicated a tight micelle structure. Bilayer formation was expected but not observed for these molecules, which is believed to be due to their unusual structural geometry, imparted by the glycerol backbone. No thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) behavior was observed for any of the single- or double-tailed molecules. These data contrast with the known behavior of perfluorinated alkanes and other fluorinated surfactants, suggesting that the ether linkage plays an important role in the self-organizing behavior of these molecules. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Colloid & Interface Science is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FLUOROCARBONS KW - SURFACE active agents KW - ORGANIC solvents KW - MOLECULAR structure KW - Fluorocarbon KW - Foaming KW - Light scattering KW - Micelle KW - Molecular structure KW - Self-assembly KW - Surfactant KW - TEM N1 - Accession Number: 12504273; Huang, Wenjian 1 Jin, Chunyang 1 Derzon, Dora K. 2 Huber, Tina A. 2 Last, Julie A. 2 Provencio, Paula P. 2 Gopalan, Aravamudan S. 1 Dugger, Michael 2 Sasaki, Darryl Y. 2; Email Address: dysasak@sandia.gov; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA 2: Sandia National Laboratories, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 272 Issue 2, p457; Subject Term: FLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: SURFACE active agents; Subject Term: ORGANIC solvents; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorocarbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foaming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micelle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfactant; Author-Supplied Keyword: TEM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.11.038 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12504273&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - DeTeresa, Steven J. AU - Freeman, Dennis C. AU - Groves, Scott E. T1 - The Effects of Through-thickness Compression on the Interlaminar Shear Response of Laminated Fiber Composites. JO - Journal of Composite Materials JF - Journal of Composite Materials Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 38 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 681 EP - 697 SN - 00219983 AB - The effects of through-thickness compression on the interlaminar shear response of laminated fiber composites were studied. The combined stresses were generated using a hollow cylindrical specimen that was subjected to axial compression and torsion. For both glass- and carbon-fiber composites, through-thickness compression resulted in a significant enhancement in the interlaminar shear stress and strain at failure. Under moderate compression levels, the failure mode changed from elastic to plastic. An attempt was made to predict the observed increase in shear strength for carbon fiber-epoxy laminates using three-dimensional lamina failure criteria. Although all the failure theories correctly predicted the trend of increasing shear strength with compression, none were able to predict the full extent of the observed strength increase. These results indicate that improved models are needed for determining failure under a combined state of interlaminar stress. The experimental results demonstrate that there are significant gains to be made in improving interlaminar strengths of composite structures by applying through-thickness compression. This effect could be exploited for improved strength and possibly improved fatigue life of composite joints and other regions in structures where interlaminar stress states are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHEAR (Mechanics) KW - LAMINATED materials KW - CARBON fibers KW - GLASS fibers KW - COMPOSITE materials KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - combined stresses KW - failure KW - interlaminar shear KW - through-thickness compression N1 - Accession Number: 13615334; DeTeresa, Steven J. 1; Email Address: deteresa1@llnl.gov Freeman, Dennis C. 1 Groves, Scott E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory University of California 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 38 Issue 8, p681; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: GLASS fibers; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: combined stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: interlaminar shear; Author-Supplied Keyword: through-thickness compression; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326193 Motor vehicle plastic parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327993 Mineral Wool Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1177/0021998304042401 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13615334&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zudans, Imants AU - Paddock, Jean R. AU - Kuramitz, Hideki AU - Maghasi, Anne T. AU - Wansapura, Chamika M. AU - Conklin, Sean D. AU - Kaval, Necati AU - Shtoyko, Tanya AU - Monk, David J. AU - Bryan, Samuel A. AU - Hubler, Timothy L. AU - Richardson, John N. AU - Seliskar, Carl J. AU - Heineman, William R. T1 - Electrochemical and optical evaluation of noble metal– and carbon–ITO hybrid optically transparent electrodes JO - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry JF - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 565 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 311 SN - 15726657 AB - Optically transparent hybrid electrodes were constructed by sputtering or thermally evaporating layers of varying thickness of Au, Pd, Pt, or C onto an existing conductive indium–tin oxide (ITO) layer on glass. These electrodes were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry; redox probes examined were potassium ferricyanide, tris-(2,2′ -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride, hydroquinone, and para-aminophenol (PAP). Each type of hybrid was evaluated and compared with other hybrids, as well as with bare ITO electrodes and commercially available Au, Pt, and glassy carbon disk electrodes. Our results indicate that these hybrid electrodes are reasonably robust, easy to prepare, and extend the capabilities of bare ITO surfaces with respect to the electrochemical response (especially for organic redox probes), while giving up little in the way of optical transparency. Because of these characteristics, hybrid electrodes should be especially suited to many spectroelectrochemical applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRODES KW - PRECIOUS metals KW - CARBON KW - ELECTROCHEMISTRY KW - Absorbance KW - Cyclic voltammetry KW - Metal films KW - Optically transparent electrodes KW - Spectroelectrochemistry N1 - Accession Number: 12642159; Zudans, Imants 1 Paddock, Jean R. 1 Kuramitz, Hideki 1 Maghasi, Anne T. 1 Wansapura, Chamika M. 1 Conklin, Sean D. 1 Kaval, Necati 1 Shtoyko, Tanya 1 Monk, David J. 1 Bryan, Samuel A. 2 Hubler, Timothy L. 2 Richardson, John N. 3 Seliskar, Carl J. 1; Email Address: Carl.Seliskar@UC.edu Heineman, William R. 1; Email Address: William.Heineman@uc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA 2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Radiochemical Processing Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-25, Richland, WA 99352, USA 3: Department of Chemistry, Shippensburg University, 1871 Old Main Drive, Shippensburg, PA 17257, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 565 Issue 2, p311; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: PRECIOUS metals; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyclic voltammetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optically transparent electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroelectrochemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212221 Gold Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212220 Gold and silver ore mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.10.025 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12642159&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tandon, S. AU - Beleggia, M. AU - Zhu, Y. AU - De Graef, M. T1 - On the computation of the demagnetization tensor for uniformly magnetized particles of arbitrary shape. Part I: Analytical approach JO - Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials JF - Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 271 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 9 SN - 03048853 AB - A Fourier space formalism based on the shape amplitude of a particle is used to compute the demagnetization tensor field for uniformly magnetized particles of arbitrary shape. We provide a list of explicit shape amplitudes for important particle shapes, among others: the sphere, the cylindrical tube, an arbitrary polyhedral shape, a truncated paraboloid, and a cone truncated by a spherical cap. In Part I of this two-part paper, an analytical representation of the demagnetization tensor field for particles with cylindrical symmetry is provided, as well as expressions for the magnetostatic energy and the volumetric demagnetization factors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIZATION KW - PARABOLOID KW - POLYHEDRAL functions KW - MAGNETOSTATICS KW - Demagnetization energy KW - Demagnetization tensor field KW - Magnetometric demagnetization tensor KW - Shape amplitude N1 - Accession Number: 12442706; Tandon, S. 1 Beleggia, M. 2 Zhu, Y. 2 De Graef, M. 1; Email Address: degraef@cmu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA 2: Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 271 Issue 1, p9; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: PARABOLOID; Subject Term: POLYHEDRAL functions; Subject Term: MAGNETOSTATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Demagnetization energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Demagnetization tensor field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetometric demagnetization tensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape amplitude; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.09.011 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12442706&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tandon, S. AU - Beleggia, M. AU - Zhu, Y. AU - De Graef, M. T1 - On the computation of the demagnetization tensor for uniformly magnetized particles of arbitrary shape. Part II: numerical approach JO - Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials JF - Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 271 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 27 SN - 03048853 AB - In Part I, we described an analytical approach to the computation of the demagnetization tensor field for a uniformly magnetized particle with an arbitrary shape. In this paper, Part II, we introduce two methods for the numerical computation of the demagnetization tensor field. One method uses a Fourier space representation of the particle shape, the other starts from the real space representation. The accuracy of the methods is compared to theoretical results for the demagnetization tensor of the uniformly magnetized cylinder with arbitrary aspect ratio. Example computations are presented for the hexagonal plate, the truncated paraboloid, and a so-called “Pac-Man” shape, recently designed for MRAM applications. Finally, the magnetostatic self-energy of a uniformly magnetized regular polygonal disk of arbitrary order is analyzed. A linear relation is found between the order of the polygon and the critical aspect ratio for in-plane vs. axial magnetization states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIZATION KW - NUMERICAL analysis KW - MAGNETOSTATICS KW - PARABOLOID KW - Demagnetization energy KW - Demagnetization tensor field KW - Numerical algorithm KW - Polygonal disk KW - Shape amplitude N1 - Accession Number: 12442707; Tandon, S. 1 Beleggia, M. 2 Zhu, Y. 2 De Graef, M. 1; Email Address: degraef@cmu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-3890, USA 2: Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 271 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MAGNETOSTATICS; Subject Term: PARABOLOID; Author-Supplied Keyword: Demagnetization energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Demagnetization tensor field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polygonal disk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape amplitude; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.09.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12442707&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harland, C.L. AU - Lewis, L.H. AU - Chen, Z. AU - Ma, B.-M. T1 - Exchange coupling and recoil loop area in Nd2Fe14B nanocrystalline alloys JO - Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials JF - Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 271 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 53 SN - 03048853 AB - The recoil behavior of nanocrystalline materials based on Nd2Fe14B has been investigated in melt-spun alloys with the stoichiometric composition Nd2Fe14B and in the nanocomposite Nd9Fe86B5. The onset of recoil hysteresis, or attainment of appreciable area of the recoil loop, was determined and followed as a function of the reverse applied magnetic field. Its behavior was correlated with that of two other independent parameters: the reversible portion of the recoil susceptibility and the recoil remanence, which both provide information on the ease of remagnetization of the materials. The simultaneous appearance of extrema in a restricted internal field range in all three parameters strongly suggests that the area of the recoil loops in these materials may be taken as a measure of the extent of the intergranular exchange. The temperature dependence of the results provides information about the thermal evolution of the interphase exchange coupling; this information is not evident in major loop measurements. Preliminary results indicate that the off-stoichiometric Nd9Fe86B5 maintains a higher degree of interphase exchange coupling but only at low reverse fields; the stoichiometric Nd2Fe14B maintains a lower degree of magnetic reversibility but sustains it to higher reverse fields. Comparison of the results obtained from different forms of the Nd2Fe14B-based nanocrystalline alloys highlights the origins of the differences in their technical magnetic behavior and suggests structural modification pathways to improve their properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ALLOYS KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - PERMANENT magnets KW - STOICHIOMETRY KW - Exchange coupling KW - Exchange spring KW - Permanent magnets KW - Recoil hysteresis N1 - Accession Number: 12442710; Harland, C.L. 1 Lewis, L.H. 1; Email Address: lhlewis@bnl.gov Chen, Z. 2 Ma, B.-M.; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 480, Upton, NY 119735000, USA 2: Magnequench Technology Center, Research Triangle Park, North California, NC, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 271 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: PERMANENT magnets; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exchange coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exchange spring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permanent magnets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recoil hysteresis; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.09.014 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12442710&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fitzsimmons, M.R. AU - Bader, S.D. AU - Borchers, J.A. AU - Felcher, G.P. AU - Furdyna, J.K. AU - Hoffmann, A. AU - Kortright, J.B. AU - Schuller, Ivan K. AU - Schulthess, T.C. AU - Sinha, S.K. AU - Toney, M.F. AU - Weller, D. AU - Wolf, S. T1 - Neutron scattering studies of nanomagnetism and artificially structured materials JO - Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials JF - Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 271 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 103 SN - 03048853 AB - Nanostructured magnetic materials are intensively investigated due to their unusual properties and promise for possible applications. The key issue for these materials is to understand the limits between their physical properties (transport, magnetism, mechanical, etc.) and their chemical–physical structure. In principle, a detailed knowledge of the chemical and physical structures allows calculation of their physical properties. Theoretical and computational methods are rapidly evolving so that magnetic properties of nanostructured materials might soon be predicted. Success in this endeavor requires detailed quantitative understanding of magnetic structure at the microscopic level. Neutron scattering is a well-developed technique that can determine magnetic structure at the atomic length scale in samples of ever diminishing size. This has opened up the use of neutron scattering to nanostructured materials prepared by thin film and lithographic techniques. Many interesting and unexpected results have emerged from the application of elastic neutron scattering to nanostructured magnetic thin films such as superlattices and multilayers. These include, distinguishing between magnetic and chemical boundaries, observing the spatial dependence of the magnetization vector in nonuniform materials, unusual coupling mechanisms across nonmagnetic materials, unexpected magnetic phase diagrams, etc. Extension of elastic neutron scattering to nanostructured arrays and three-dimensional magnetic composites will allow future determination of magnetic structure with unprecedented resolution. In this review, we discuss the impact of neutron scattering to the study of magnetic nanostructures, i.e., magnetic materials that are artificially structured at nanometer length scales, such as magnetic thin films, multilayers and nanodot arrays. The basic interactions and different length scales relevant to these systems as well as the basic issues and phenomena of interest are briefly reviewed. We discuss examples where the techniques of magnetic neutron diffraction, small-angle scattering, reflectometry, grazing incidence diffraction and diffuse scattering have helped to elucidate some of these phenomena. We also discuss potentially fruitful future applications of such techniques to the field of nanomagnetism. Furthermore, we argue that the development of inelastic neutron scattering techniques useful for the study of small volumes of material would raise neutron scattering to a much higher level of applicability for nanostructured magnetic materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETISM KW - NEUTRONS KW - MAGNETIC properties KW - MAGNETIC structure N1 - Accession Number: 12442716; Fitzsimmons, M.R. 1; Email Address: fitz@lanl.gov Bader, S.D. 2 Borchers, J.A. 3 Felcher, G.P. 2 Furdyna, J.K. 4 Hoffmann, A. 2 Kortright, J.B. 5 Schuller, Ivan K. 6 Schulthess, T.C. 7 Sinha, S.K. 1,6 Toney, M.F. 8 Weller, D. 9 Wolf, S. 10; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA 3: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA 4: University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID 46556, USA 5: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 6: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 7: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA 8: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA 9: Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA 10: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 271 Issue 1, p103; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC properties; Subject Term: MAGNETIC structure; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.09.046 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12442716&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lente, Gábor AU - Espenson, James H. T1 - Photoreduction of 2,6-dichloroquinone in aqueous solution: Use of a diode array spectrophotometer concurrently to drive and detect a photochemical reaction JO - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry JF - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 163 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 249 SN - 10106030 AB - The aqueous photoreaction of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone produces 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone, 2,6-dichloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and dioxygen. This reaction was used to demonstrate that a commercial diode-array spectrophotometer is a useful tool for the study of photochemical reactions. The white light going through the sample cell concurrently drives and detects photoreactions. It is shown how quantum yields can be determined. A method for interpreting the full time course of the photoreaction is also presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DIODES KW - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS KW - QUINONE KW - PHOTOCHEMISTRY KW - Diode-array spectrophotometer KW - Photoreactions KW - Quinones N1 - Accession Number: 12378365; Lente, Gábor 1; Email Address: lenteg@delfin.klte.hu Espenson, James H. 2; Email Address: espenson@ameslab.gov; Affiliation: 1: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary 2: Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 163 Issue 1/2, p249; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: QUINONE; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diode-array spectrophotometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoreactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quinones; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2003.12.005 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12378365&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wu AU - Y. AU - Mundy AU - C. J. AU - Colvin AU - M. E. AU - Car AU - R. T1 - On the Mechanisms of OH Radical Induced DNA-Base Damage: A Comparative Quantum Chemical and Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics Study. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 108 IS - 15 M3 - Article SP - 2922 EP - 2929 SN - 10895639 AB - Understanding the basic chemistry of the interaction of radicals with DNA bases is imperative when trying to predict the potential effects of radiation on DNA. Experimental evidence points to guanine as having the highest affinity of all the DNA bases for undergoing damage. However, radiation-induced damage to other bases may also have important health effects, and therefore the reactions of other DNA bases are also of interest. To this end, numerous studies have been performed on thymine to elucidate its role in the initial phases of DNA damage. To date, the theoretical studies on this topic have only dealt with reaction energetics in the gas phase or within a continuum solvent model. We present a detailed Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics study of DNA bases in explicit water interacting with an OH radical. Our findings indicate that the specific mechanisms of the initial phase of DNA damage are different in thymine and guanine, which is consistent with experiment-based conjectures on this subject. We also compare the effects of different exchange and correlation functionals on the proposed reaction energetics as well as a comparison with traditional quantum chemistry methods. Our deduced mechanisms are consistent with the experimentally observed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DNA KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - DYNAMICS KW - DNA damage N1 - Accession Number: 16432880; Wu Y. 1 Mundy C. J. 1 Colvin M. E. 1 Car R. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, Computational Chemical Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science L-091 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, and Schools of Natural Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Calfornia 95344; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 15, p2922; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: DNA damage; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16432880&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Venkataraman AU - C. AU - Miller AU - W. H. T1 - The Quantum Instanton (QI) Model for Chemical Reaction Rates: The Simplest QI with One Dividing Surface. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 108 IS - 15 M3 - Article SP - 3035 EP - 3039 SN - 10895639 AB - A new version of the quantum instanton (QI) approach to thermal rate constants of chemical reactions (Miller, W. H.; Zhao, Y.; Ceotto, M.; Yang, S. J. Chem. Phys. 2003, 119, 1329) is presented, namely, the simplest QI (SQI) approximation with one dividing surface (DS), referred to here as SQI1. (The SQI approximation presented originally was applicable only with two DSs.) As with all versions of the QI approach, the rate is expressed wholly in terms of the (quantum) Boltzmann operator (which, for complex systems, can be evaluated by Monte Carlo path integral methods). Test calculations on some simple model problems show the SQI1 model to be slightly less accurate than the original version of the QI approach, but it is the easiest version to implement; it requires only a constrained free-energy calculation, location of the (transition-state) DS so as to maximize this free energy, and the curvature (second derivative) of the free energy at this maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - CHEMICAL processes KW - QUANTUM theory KW - CURVES N1 - Accession Number: 16432897; Venkataraman C. 1 Miller W. H. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 15, p3035; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: CURVES; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16432897&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liang AU - W.-Z. AU - Head-Gordon AU - M. T1 - Approaching the Basis Set Limit in Density Functional Theory Calculations Using Dual Basis Sets without Diagonalization. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 108 IS - 15 M3 - Article SP - 3206 EP - 3210 SN - 10895639 AB - Dual basis sets are employed as an economical way to approximate self-consistent field (SCF) calculations, such as Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT), in large basis sets. First, an SCF calculation is performed in a small subset of the full set of basis functions. The density matrix in this small basis is used to construct the effective Hamiltonian operator in the large basis, from which a correction for basis set extension is obtained for the energy. This correction is equivalent to a single Roothaan step (diagonalization) in the large basis. We present second order nonlinear equations that permit this step to be obtained without explicit diagonalization. Numerical tests on part of the Gaussian-2 dataset, using the B3LYP density functional, show that large-basis results can be accurately approximated with this procedure, subject to some limitations on the smallness of the small basis. Computational savings are approximately an order of magnitude relative to a self-consistent DFT calculation in the large basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics) KW - DENSITY functionals KW - FUNCTIONAL analysis KW - ATOMIC orbitals N1 - Accession Number: 16432919; Liang W.-Z. 1 Head-Gordon M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 15, p3206; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: ATOMIC orbitals; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16432919&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Amine, K. AU - Liu, J. AU - Kang, S. AU - Belharouak, I. AU - Hyung, Y. AU - Vissers, D. AU - Henriksen, G. T1 - Improved lithium manganese oxide spinel/graphite Li-ion cells for high-power applications JO - Journal of Power Sources JF - Journal of Power Sources Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 129 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 14 SN - 03787753 AB - The degradation mechanism of lithium manganese oxide spinel/graphite Li-ion cells using LiPF6-based electrolyte was investigated by a Mn-dissolution approach during high-temperature storage, and by ac impedance measurement using a reference electrode-equipped cell. Through these studies, we confirmed that Mn ions were dissolved from the spinel cathode in the electrolyte and were subsequently reduced on the lithiated graphite electrode surface, due to the chemical activity of the lithiated graphite, and caused a huge increase in the charge-transfer impedance at the graphite/electrolyte interface, which consequently deteriorated cell performance. To overcome the significant degradation of the spinel/graphite Li-ion cells, we investigated a new electrolyte system using lithium bisoxalatoborate (LiBoB, LiB(C2O4)2) salt not having fluorine species in its chemical structure. Superior cycling performance at elevated temperature was observed with the spinel/graphite cells using LiBoB-based electrolyte, which is attributed to the inert chemical structure of LiBoB that does not generate HF. Mn-ion leaching experiments showed that almost no Mn ions were dissolved from the spinel powder after 55 °C storage for 4 weeks. Through optimization of organic solvents for the LiBoB salt, we developed an advanced Li-ion cell chemistry that used lithium manganese oxide spinel, 0.7 M LiBoB/EC:PC:DMC (1:1:3), and graphite as the cathode, electrolyte, and anode, respectively. This cell provides excellent power characteristics, good calendar life, and improved thermal safety for hybrid electric vehicle applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Capacity fading KW - High-power Li-ion cell KW - LiBoB KW - Lithium manganese oxide spinel KW - Mn dissolution N1 - Accession Number: 12777598; Amine, K.; Email Address: amine@cmt.anl.gov Liu, J. 1 Kang, S. 1 Belharouak, I. 1 Hyung, Y. 1 Vissers, D. 1 Henriksen, G. 1; Affiliation: 1: Electrochemical Technology Program, Chemical Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 129 Issue 1, p14; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capacity fading; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-power Li-ion cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: LiBoB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lithium manganese oxide spinel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mn dissolution; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12777598&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mazzolai, G. AU - Biscarini, A. AU - Coluzzi, B. AU - Mazzolai, F.M. AU - Ross, A.R. AU - Lograsso, T.A. T1 - Ultrasonic investigation of the B2 ↔ B19 martensitic transition in a Ni40Ti50Cu10 alloy JO - Materials Science & Engineering: A JF - Materials Science & Engineering: A Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 370 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 497 SN - 09215093 AB - The elastic constants C′, C44 and CL of a single crystal of the Ni40Ti50Cu10 (numbers indicate at.%) alloy have been measured in the premartensitic region (320–350 K) and have been found to exhibit softening on approaching theB2→B19 transition from high temperature. This means that these elastic constants decrease with decreasing T. The anisotropy factorA=C44/C′ is relatively small (≅2.2) over all the temperature range and slightly increases with decreasing temperature down to the transition start-temperature Ms. Thus, its temperature coefficient ∂A/∂T has opposite sign of that exhibited by the binary Ni50.8Ti49.2 alloy prior to theB2→B19′ transition. The present results support the view recently expressed by some authors that theB2→B19′ transition occurring in binary Ni–Ti alloys is a consequence of concomitant lattice instabilities against{1 1 0}〈1 1¯ 0〉B2 and{0 0 1}〈 1 1¯ 0〉B2 shear strains respectively corresponding to the C′ and C44 ultrasonic propagation modes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MARTENSITIC transformations KW - METALLIC composites KW - SHAPE memory alloys KW - ALLOYS KW - Elastic constants KW - Martensitic transformation KW - Ni–Ti–Cu KW - Shape memory alloys N1 - Accession Number: 12777749; Mazzolai, G. 1; Email Address: fabio.mazzolai@fisica.unipg.it Biscarini, A. 1 Coluzzi, B. 1 Mazzolai, F.M. 1 Ross, A.R. 2 Lograsso, T.A. 2; Affiliation: 1: INFM-UDR of Perugia, Physics Department, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy 2: Metals and Ceramic Sciences, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 370 Issue 1/2, p497; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic constants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni–Ti–Cu; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.msea.2003.08.080 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12777749&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abou-Hanna, Jeries AU - McGreevy, Timothy E. AU - Majumdar, Saurin T1 - Prediction of crack coalescence of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants JO - Nuclear Engineering & Design JF - Nuclear Engineering & Design Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 229 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 175 SN - 00295493 AB - Prediction of failure pressures of cracked steam generator tubes of nuclear power plants is an important ingredient in scheduling inspection and repair of tubes. Prediction is usually based on nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of cracks. NDE often reveals two neighboring cracks. If the cracks interact, the tube pressure under which the ligament between the two cracks fails could be much lower than the critical burst pressure of an individual equivalent crack. The ability to accurately predict the ligament failure pressure, called “coalescence pressure,” is important. The failure criterion was established by nonlinear finite element model (FEM) analyses of coalescence of two 100% through-wall collinear cracks. The ligament failure is precipitated by local instability of the ligament under plane strain conditions. As a result of this local instability, the ligament thickness in the radial direction decreases abruptly with pressure. Good correlation of FEM analysis results with experimental data obtained at Argonne National Laboratory’s Energy Technology Division demonstrated that nonlinear FEM analyses are capable of predicting the coalescence pressure accurately for 100% through-wall cracks. This failure criterion and FEA work have been extended to axial cracks of varying ligament width, crack length, and cases where cracks are offset by axial or circumferential ligaments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Engineering & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STEAM generators KW - NUCLEAR power plants KW - FINITE element method KW - NUCLEAR facilities N1 - Accession Number: 12815665; Abou-Hanna, Jeries 1; Email Address: jannah@bradley.edu McGreevy, Timothy E. 2 Majumdar, Saurin 3; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA 2: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 3: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 229 Issue 2/3, p175; Subject Term: STEAM generators; Subject Term: NUCLEAR power plants; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NUCLEAR facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416120 Plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423720 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.11.011 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12815665&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheng, X. AU - Cahalan, J.E. AU - Finck, P.J. T1 - Safety analysis of an accelerator-driven test facility JO - Nuclear Engineering & Design JF - Nuclear Engineering & Design Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 229 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 289 SN - 00295493 AB - One of the milestones in the roadmap of accelerator-driven transmutation of waste (ATW) of the U.S. Department of Energy is the design and construction of an accelerator-driven test facility (ADTF) with a thermal power of 100 MW. Analysis of the dynamic behavior of the ADTF has been carried out in the frame of a bilateral collaboration between the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). In the present study five different system configurations with various types of fuel and different types of coolant have been taken into consideration.In the systems with sodium as coolant, the transient behavior under the unprotected loss-of-flow scenario shows the most serious safety concern. As long as the external source is switched on, loss-of-flow will lead to an overheating of coolant, cladding and fuel. Boiling of coolant, cladding failure and molten fuel injection take place just in several seconds after the coast-down of the pump. Safety measures have to be designed for switching off the proton beam.In the system with liquid lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) as coolant, the buoyancy effect is much stronger. Due to its high boiling point, coolant boiling and, subsequently, flow oscillation in fuel assemblies can be avoided. By a proper design of the heat removal system, the buoyancy-driven convection would provide a sufficiently high cooling capability of the reactor core, to keep the integrity of the fuel pins. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Engineering & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TESTING laboratories KW - THERMAL analysis KW - INDUSTRIAL safety KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 12815675; Cheng, X. 1; Email Address: xu.cheng@iket.fzk.de Cahalan, J.E. 2 Finck, P.J. 2; Affiliation: 1: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 2: Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 229 Issue 2/3, p289; Subject Term: TESTING laboratories; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2004.01.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12815675&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Naulleau, Patrick P. AU - Denham, Paul E. AU - Hoef, Brian AU - Rekawa, Senajith T1 - A design study for synchrotron-based high-numerical-aperture scanning illuminators JO - Optics Communications JF - Optics Communications Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 234 IS - 1-6 M3 - Article SP - 53 SN - 00304018 AB - Scanning illumination systems provide for a powerful and flexible means of controlling illumination coherence properties. In these systems, the desired illumination divergence is synthesized through a scanning process. This method has recently been used at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths to implement a programmable pupil fill microfield exposure system employed to lithographically characterize a 0.1-numerical aperture (NA) α-class EUV stepper optic. The specifics of the implementation used in that case, however, make it difficult to directly extend the implementation to higher NA optics. Here we present scanning illuminator configurations suitable for implementing high-NA lithography capabilities at a synchrotron beamline. In particular we consider the application to a 0.3-NA EUV optic with a design field of view of 1 × 3 mm at the object plane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Optics Communications is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SYNCHROTRONS KW - PARTICLE accelerators KW - SCANNING systems KW - LITHOGRAPHY KW - Coherence KW - Condenser KW - Extreme ultraviolet KW - Lithography KW - Microscopy KW - Synchrotron N1 - Accession Number: 12642835; Naulleau, Patrick P.; Email Address: pnaulleau@lbl.gov Denham, Paul E. 1 Hoef, Brian 1 Rekawa, Senajith 1; Affiliation: 1: Center for X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cycltoron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 234 Issue 1-6, p53; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRONS; Subject Term: PARTICLE accelerators; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: LITHOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coherence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condenser; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extreme ultraviolet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lithography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchrotron; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.optcom.2004.02.021 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12642835&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guest, A. AU - Schubert, G. AU - Gable, C.W. T1 - Stresses along the metastable wedge of olivine in a subducting slab: possible explanation for the Tonga double seismic layer JO - Physics of the Earth & Planetary Interiors JF - Physics of the Earth & Planetary Interiors Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 141 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 253 SN - 00319201 AB - A numerical calculation of the stresses associated with changes in volume during phase transitions of olivine in a descending slab results in a double layer of high shear stress along the metastable olivine wedge in the depth range 350–460 km. Stress in the upper layer is in-plane tensional and stress in the lower layer is down-dip compressional. The modeled stress field agrees with observations of stress in the Tonga double seismic zone. High shear stress also exists in the slab at depths below the metastable wedge. This stress distribution involves down-dip compression and trench-parallel tension, which agrees with about half of the focal mechanisms in the Tonga slab at depths of 460–690 km. The model supports the idea that at least two possible stress release mechanisms for deep earthquakes may act in the Tonga subducting slab. One, transformational faulting, is restricted to the metastable wedge while the other one acts below the metastable wedge. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physics of the Earth & Planetary Interiors is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NUMERICAL analysis KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - SEISMOLOGY KW - Double seismic zone KW - Phase transformations KW - Stress KW - Subduction KW - Tonga N1 - Accession Number: 12501856; Guest, A. 1,2; Email Address: alickaguest@yahoo.com Schubert, G. 1; Email Address: schubert@ucla.edu Gable, C.W. 3; Email Address: gable@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 2: Geophysical Institute, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic 3: Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 141 Issue 4, p253; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Double seismic zone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tonga; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.pepi.2003.11.012 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12501856&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goedeke, S.M. AU - Allison, S.W. AU - Datskos, P.G. T1 - Non-contact current measurement with cobalt-coated microcantilevers JO - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical JF - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 112 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 32 SN - 09244247 AB - A magnetic field detection system that uses a cobalt-coated microcantilever as the detector element is demonstrated. Three different microcantilever geometries are investigated. This research also demonstrates a novel microcantilever readout technique using a dual fiber optical readout. The cantilever sensors are shown to detect changes in current as small as 0.1 A and the ability to measures current up to 5 mm from the sensor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - FIBER optics KW - COBALT KW - ENGINEERING instruments KW - Cobalt KW - Current sensor KW - Fiber optic KW - MEMS KW - Microcantilever N1 - Accession Number: 12897859; Goedeke, S.M.; Email Address: goedekesm@ornl.gov Allison, S.W. 1 Datskos, P.G. 1; Affiliation: 1: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, M.S. 6054, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 112 Issue 1, p32; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: FIBER optics; Subject Term: COBALT; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cobalt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Current sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber optic; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microcantilever; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.sna.2003.12.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12897859&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aguirre, N. Muñoz AU - Passian, A. AU - Martínez Pérez, L. AU - López-Sandoval, E. AU - Vázquez-López, C. AU - Jiménez-Pérez, J.L. AU - Ferrell, T.L. T1 - The use of the surface plasmons resonance sensor in the study of the influence of “allotropic” cells on water JO - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical JF - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 99 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 149 SN - 09254005 AB - A study of the dielectric function changes of water induced by a device known as “allotropic” cell is presented. Changes of the dielectric function in distilled water and ultrapure water were quantified, using surface plasmons resonance (SPR) on gold islands. An increment in the value of the dielectric function of “allotropized” water with respect to that of non-treated water was measured. Such increment is larger when water is heated and stirred during the treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PLASMONS (Physics) KW - CELLS KW - WATER KW - RESONANCE KW - “Allotropized” water KW - Dielectric function KW - SPR sensor KW - Water N1 - Accession Number: 12981121; Aguirre, N. Muñoz 1,2 Passian, A. 1 Martínez Pérez, L. 3 López-Sandoval, E. 3 Vázquez-López, C. 4 Jiménez-Pérez, J.L. 3 Ferrell, T.L. 1; Affiliation: 1: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA 2: Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 152, Col. Atepehuacan, México 07730, D.F., Mexico 3: CICATA-IPN, Calzada Legaria No. 694, Col Irrigación, México 11500, D.F., Mexico 4: Depto. de Física del CINVESTAV-IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México 07000, D.F., Mexico; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 99 Issue 1, p149; Subject Term: PLASMONS (Physics); Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: “Allotropized” water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectric function; Author-Supplied Keyword: SPR sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00162-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12981121&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Um, Wooyong AU - Serne, R. Jeffrey AU - Krupka, Kenneth M. T1 - Linearity and reversibility of iodide adsorption on sediments from Hanford, Washington under water saturated conditions JO - Water Research JF - Water Research Y1 - 2004/04/15/ VL - 38 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 2009 SN - 00431354 AB - A series of adsorption and desorption experiments were completed to determine the linearity and reversibility of iodide adsorption onto sediment at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington. Adsorption experiments conducted with Hanford formation sediment and groundwater spiked with dissolved 125I (as an analog tracer for 129I) indicated that iodide adsorption was very low (0.2 mL/g) at pH 7.5 and could be represented by a linear isotherm up to a total concentration of 100 mg/L dissolved iodide. The results of desorption experiments revealed that up to 60% of adsorbed iodide was readily desorbed after 14 days by iodide-free groundwater. Because iodide adsorption was considered to be partially reversible, even though small amount of initial iodide is retarded by adsorption at mineral–water interfaces, the weak adsorption affinity results in release of iodide when iodide-free pore waters and uncontaminated groundwaters contact the contaminated sediments in the vadose zone and aquifer systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Water Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Adsorption KW - Aquifers KW - Iodides KW - Washington (D.C.) KW - United States KW - Desorption KW - Distribution coefficient KW - Hanford site KW - Iodide KW - Radionuclide N1 - Accession Number: 12852639; Um, Wooyong; Email Address: wooyong.um@pnl.gov; Serne, R. Jeffrey 1; Krupka, Kenneth M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Applied Geology and Geochemistry, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Issue Info: Apr2004, Vol. 38 Issue 8, p2009; Thesaurus Term: Adsorption; Thesaurus Term: Aquifers; Subject Term: Iodides; Subject: Washington (D.C.); Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distribution coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hanford site; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iodide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radionuclide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.watres.2004.01.026 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=12852639&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bochev, Pavel B. AU - Gunzburger, Max D. AU - Shadid, John N. T1 - On inf–sup stabilized finite element methods for transient problems JO - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering JF - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering Y1 - 2004/04/16/ VL - 193 IS - 15/16 M3 - Article SP - 1471 SN - 00457825 AB - We consider the behavior of inf–sup stabilization in the context of transient problems with multiple time scales. Our motivation for studying this setting is provided by reacting flows problems for which small time steps are necessary in the integration process. We show that for algorithms defined through a process wherein spatial and temporal discretizations are separated, the coupling of implicit time integration with spatial inf–sup stabilization may lead to anomalous pressure behavior, including the onset of spurious oscillations, for very small time steps. Effectively, this coupling introduces a stability criterion resulting in a dependence between the spatial grid size and the time step. We illustrate our theoretical results by numerical examples that demonstrate the stability criterion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FINITE element method KW - NUMERICAL analysis KW - ALGORITHMS KW - OSCILLATIONS KW - Coercivity KW - Multiple time scales KW - Stabilized finite element methods KW - Time-dependent Stokes equations KW - Weak form N1 - Accession Number: 12642403; Bochev, Pavel B. 1; Email Address: pbboche@sandia.gov Gunzburger, Max D. 2; Email Address: gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu Shadid, John N. 3; Email Address: jnshadi@sandia.gov; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Computational Mathematics and Algorithms, P.O. Box 5800, MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1110, USA 2: School of Computational Science and Information Technology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA 3: Sandia National Laboratories, Computational Sciences, P.O. Box 5800, MS 1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1111, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 193 Issue 15/16, p1471; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coercivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple time scales; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stabilized finite element methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-dependent Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weak form; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.034 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12642403&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Battaile, Kevin P. AU - Nguyen, Tien V. AU - Vockley, Jerry AU - Kim, Jung-Ja P. T1 - Structures of Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase and Enzyme-Product Complex. JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/16/ VL - 279 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 16526 EP - 16534 SN - 00219258 AB - The acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are a family of mitochondrial flavoproteins involved in the catabolism of fatty and amino acids. Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IBD) is involved in the catabolism of valine and catalyzes the conversion of isobutyryl-CoA to methacrylyl-CoA. The crystal structure of IBD with and without substrate has been determined to 1.76-Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contains a homotetramer with substrate/product bound in two monomers. The overall structure of IBD is similar to those of previously determined acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and consists of an NH2-terminal α-helical domain, a medial β-strand domain and a C-terminal α-helical domain. The enzyme-bound ligand has been modeled in as the reaction product, methacrylyl-CoA. The location of Glu376 with respect to the C-2-C-3 of the bound product and FAD confirms Glu-376 to be the catalytic base. IBD has a shorter and wider substrate-binding cavity relative to short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, permitting the optimal binding of the isobutyryl-CoA substrate. The dramatic lateral expansion of the binding cavity seen in isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is not observed in IBD. The conserved tyrosine or phenylalanine that defines a side of the binding cavity in other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases is replaced by a leucine (Leu-375) in the current structure. Substrate binding changes the position of some residues lining the binding pocket as well as the position of the loop containing the catalytic glutamate and subsequent helix. Three clinical mutations have been modeled to the structure. The mutations do not affect substrate binding but instead appear to disrupt protein folding and/or stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Biological Chemistry is the property of American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DEHYDROGENASES KW - AMINO acids KW - FATTY acids KW - ENZYMES KW - METABOLISM KW - CATALYSIS N1 - Accession Number: 13049528; Battaile, Kevin P. 1,2 Nguyen, Tien V. 3 Vockley, Jerry 3,4 Kim, Jung-Ja P. 1; Email Address: jjkim@mcw.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin 2: IMCA-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, IL 3: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 4: University of Pittsburgh, Division of Medical Genetics, Dept. of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Source Info: 4/16/2004, Vol. 279 Issue 16, p16526; Subject Term: DEHYDROGENASES; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: FATTY acids; Subject Term: ENZYMES; Subject Term: METABOLISM; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1074/jbc.M400034200 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13049528&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Suhkmann Kim AU - Ziming Zhang, Peter AU - Upchurch, Sean AU - Isern, Nancy AU - Yuan Chen T1 - Structure and DNA-binding Sites of the SWI1 AT-rich Interaction Domain (ARID) Suggest Determinants for Sequence-specific DNA Recognition. JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/16/ VL - 279 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 16670 EP - 16676 SN - 00219258 AB - ARID (AT-rich interaction domain) is a homologous family of DNA-binding domains that occur in DNA-binding proteins from a wide variety of species, ranging from yeast to nematodes, insects, mammals, and plants. SWI1, a member of the SWI/SNF protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling during transcription, contains the ARID motif. The ARID domain of human SWI1 (also known as p270) does not select for a specific DNA sequence from a random sequence pool. The lack of sequence specificity shown by the SWI1 ARID domain stands in contrast to the other characterized ARID domains, which recognize specific AT-rich sequences. We have solved the three-dimensional structure of human SWI1 ARID using solution NMR methods. In addition, we have characterized nonspecific DNA binding by the SWI1 ARID domain. Results from this study indicate that a flexible, long, internal loop in the ARID motif is likely to be important for sequence-specific DNA recognition. The structure of the human SWI1 ARID domain also represents a distinct structural subfamily. Studies of ARID indicate that the boundary of DNA binding structural and functional domains can extend beyond the sequence homologous region in a homologous family of proteins. Structural studies of homologous domains such as the ARID family of DNA-binding domains should provide information to better predict the boundary of structural and functional domains in structural genomic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Biological Chemistry is the property of American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DNA-binding proteins KW - BINDING sites (Biochemistry) KW - YEAST KW - CHROMATIN KW - NUCLEOTIDE sequence KW - BIOCHEMISTRY N1 - Accession Number: 13049546; Suhkmann Kim 1,2 Ziming Zhang, Peter 1,3 Upchurch, Sean 1,3 Isern, Nancy 4 Yuan Chen 1; Affiliation: 1: Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 2: Dept. of Physics, Pusan National University, Korea 3: Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 4: William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; Source Info: 4/16/2004, Vol. 279 Issue 16, p16670; Subject Term: DNA-binding proteins; Subject Term: BINDING sites (Biochemistry); Subject Term: YEAST; Subject Term: CHROMATIN; Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDE sequence; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311990 All other food manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1074/jbc.M312115200 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13049546&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bisho, James K. B. AU - Wood, Todd J. AU - Davis, Russ E. AU - Sherman, Jeffrey T. T1 - Robotic Observations of Enhanced Carbon Biomass and Export at 55°S During SOFeX. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2004/04/16/ VL - 304 IS - 5669 M3 - Article SP - 417 EP - 420 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science SN - 00368075 AB - Autonomous floats profiling in high-nitrate low-silicate waters of the Southern Ocean observed carbon biomass variability and carbon exported to depths of 100 m during the 2002 Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX) to detect the effects of iron fertilization of surface water there. Control and "in-patch" measurements documented a greater than fourfold enhancement of carbon biomass in the iron-amended waters. Carbon export through 100 m increased two- to sixfold as the patch subducted below a front. The molar ratio of iron added to carbon exported ranged between 10[sup4] and 10[sup5]. The biomass buildup and export were much higher than expected for iron-amended low-silicate waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BIOMASS KW - CARBON KW - MOLECULAR volume KW - IRON KW - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide KW - ANTARCTIC Ocean N1 - Accession Number: 12965900; Bisho, James K. B. 1; Email Address: JKBishop@lbi.gov Wood, Todd J. 1 Davis, Russ E. 2 Sherman, Jeffrey T. 2; Affiliation: 1: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. 2: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0230, USA.; Source Info: 4/16/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5669, p417; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: MOLECULAR volume; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: ANTARCTIC Ocean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3467 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12965900&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Choe, S.-B. AU - Acremann, Y. AU - Scholl, A. AU - Bauer, A. AU - Doran, A. AU - Stöhr, J. AU - Padmore, H. A. T1 - Vortex Core-Driven Magnetization Dynamics. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2004/04/16/ VL - 304 IS - 5669 M3 - Article SP - 420 EP - 422 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science SN - 00368075 AB - Time-resolved x-ray imaging shows that the magnetization dynamics of a micron-sized pattern containing a ferromagnetic vortex is determined by its handedness, or chirality. The out-of-plane magnetization in the nanometerscale vortex core induces a three-dimensional handedness in the planar magnetic structure, leading to a precessional motion of the core parallel to a subnanosecond field pulse. The core velocity was an order of magnitude higher than expected from the static susceptibility. These results demonstrate that handedness, already well known to be important in biological systems, plays an important role in the dynamics of microscopic magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIZATION KW - FERROMAGNETISM KW - SYSTEMS theory KW - MAGNETISM KW - STATICS KW - BIOLOGICAL systems N1 - Accession Number: 12965901; Choe, S.-B. 1; Email Address: SBChoe@lbl.gov Acremann, Y. 2 Scholl, A. 1 Bauer, A. 1,2,3 Doran, A. 1 Stöhr, J. 2 Padmore, H. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. 2: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Post Office Box 20450, Stanford, CA 94309, USA. 3: Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.; Source Info: 4/16/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5669, p420; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL systems; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2186 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12965901&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wenk, H.-R. AU - Lonardelli, I. AU - Williams, D. T1 - Texture changes in the hcp→ bcc→ hcp transformation of zirconium studied in situ by neutron diffraction JO - Acta Materialia JF - Acta Materialia Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 52 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1899 SN - 13596454 AB - The crystallographic texture of hot-rolled polycrystalline zirconium has been studied below and above the hcp–bcc transition temperature with HIPPO, the new time-of-flight neutron diffractometer at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, making use of the multidetector capabilities and a vacuum furnace. Incomplete pole figures were extracted from diffraction spectra to determine the orientation distribution function and recalculate complete pole figures in situ at various temperatures. The texture analysis reveals that the orientation of grains in the new high-temperature (bcc) phase is related to the texture of the low-temperature (hcp) phase by Burgers relation, but with both an orientation selection and a symmetry variant selection. The cubic transformation texture is best explained if we assume preferential nucleation of the bcc phase in the hcp grain orientations that are most subject to mechanical twinning. After cooling, the new hcp texture closely resembles the original texture. Thermal cycling repeats this process with slight strengthening of the texture. The hexagonal transformation texture (after cooling) may be caused by nucleation and growth of untransformed domains or through variant selection by stresses imposed by neighboring grains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY KW - ZIRCONIUM KW - POLYCRYSTALS KW - GRANULAR materials KW - NUCLEATION KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - Neutron diffraction KW - Phase transformation (hcp–bcc) KW - Texture KW - Variant selection KW - Zirconium N1 - Accession Number: 12739522; Wenk, H.-R. 1; Email Address: wenk@seismo.berkeley.edu Lonardelli, I. 1 Williams, D. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Lujan Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 52 Issue 7, p1899; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformation (hcp–bcc); Author-Supplied Keyword: Texture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variant selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zirconium; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.12.029 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12739522&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Haslam, A.J. AU - Yamakov, V. AU - Moldovan, D. AU - Wolf, D. AU - Phillpot, S.R. AU - Gleiter, H. T1 - Effects of grain growth on grain-boundary diffusion creep by molecular-dynamics simulation JO - Acta Materialia JF - Acta Materialia Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 52 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 1971 SN - 13596454 AB - Molecular-dynamics simulations are used to elucidate the effects of grain growth on grain-boundary diffusion creep and grain-boundary sliding during high-temperature deformation of a nanocrystalline Pd model microstructure. The initial microstructure consists of a 25-grain polycrystal with an average grain size of about 15 nm and a columnar grain shape. Prior to the onset of significant grain growth, the deformation proceeds via the mechanism of Coble creep accompanied by grain-boundary sliding. While grain growth is generally known to decrease the creep rate due to the increase of the average grain size, the results obtained in this study reveal an enhanced creep rate at the onset of the grain growth, when rapid grain-boundary migration occurs. The enhanced creep rate is shown to arise from topological changes during the initial growth phases, which enhance both the stress-induced grain-boundary diffusive fluxes and grain-boundary sliding. Dislocations generated as a result of grain-rotation-induced grain coalescence and grain-boundary decomposition in the vicinity of certain triple junctions also contribute to the deformation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - MICROSTRUCTURE KW - PALLADIUM KW - NANOCRYSTALS KW - KIRKENDALL effect KW - CRYSTAL grain boundaries KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - Dynamic grain growth KW - Grain rotation KW - Grain-boundary diffusion creep KW - Grain-boundary migration KW - Grain-boundary sliding N1 - Accession Number: 12739529; Haslam, A.J. 1,2 Yamakov, V. 1 Moldovan, D. 1,2 Wolf, D. 1; Email Address: wolf@anl.gov Phillpot, S.R. 1 Gleiter, H. 2; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA 2: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 52 Issue 7, p1971; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: KIRKENDALL effect; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic grain growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain-boundary diffusion creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain-boundary migration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain-boundary sliding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.12.048 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12739529&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ogi, Hirotsugu AU - Kai, Satoshi AU - Ledbetter, Hassel AU - Tarumi, Ryuichi AU - Hirao, Masahiko AU - Takashima, Kazuki T1 - Titanium’s high-temperature elastic constants through the hcp–bcc phase transformation JO - Acta Materialia JF - Acta Materialia Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 52 IS - 7 M3 - Article SP - 2075 SN - 13596454 AB - The five independent elastic constants of hexagonal monocrystal titanium were determined up to the phase-transformation temperature, and the two isotropic elastic constants of polycrystalline titanium were determined beyond, up to 1300 K. Anomalous temperature dependences were observed just below the phase-transformation temperature:C11 andC66 increase with increasing temperature whereasC33 andC44 remarkably decrease, for example. To determine theCij , we used the free-vibration resonance frequencies obtained by electromagnetic acoustic resonance. After the phase transformation, the resonance frequencies changed little with the temperature increase, showing that the bcc-phase elastic constants change little with temperature. The polycrystalline elastic constants remained unchanged up to 1300 K after the phase transformation. The anomalous temperature dependence near the transformation is interpreted in terms of the smallc/a ratio of the hcp phase and change of the atomic distances to meet the Burgers lattice relationship. Temperature-insensitive elastic constants in the bcc phase suggest the stabilizing of the bcc phase with increasing temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TITANIUM KW - CRYSTALS KW - POLYCRYSTALS KW - VIBRATION (Mechanics) KW - ELASTIC solids KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) KW - Acoustic methods KW - Elastic behavior KW - Martensitic phase transformation KW - Strain ageing KW - Titanium N1 - Accession Number: 12739539; Ogi, Hirotsugu 1; Email Address: ogi@me.es.osaka-u.ac.jp Kai, Satoshi 1 Ledbetter, Hassel 2 Tarumi, Ryuichi 1 Hirao, Masahiko 1 Takashima, Kazuki 3; Affiliation: 1: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1–3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, M/S E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 3: Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 52 Issue 7, p2075; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELASTIC solids; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain ageing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.01.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12739539&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Staack, D. AU - Raitses, Y. AU - Fisch, N. J. T1 - Temperature gradient in Hall thrusters. JO - Applied Physics Letters JF - Applied Physics Letters Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 84 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 3028 EP - 3030 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00036951 AB - Plasma potentials and electron temperatures were deduced from emissive and cold floating probe measurements in a 2 kW Hall thruster, operated in the discharge voltage range of 200–400 V. An almost linear dependence of the electron temperature on the plasma potential was observed in the acceleration region of the thruster both inside and outside the thruster. This result calls into question whether secondary electron emission from the ceramic channel walls plays a significant role in electron energy balance. The proportionality factor between the axial electron temperature gradient and the electric field is also significantly smaller than might be expected by fluid models. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PLASMA (Ionized gases) KW - ELECTRONS KW - TEMPERATURE KW - EMISSIONS (Air pollution) KW - ELECTRIC fields N1 - Accession Number: 12817099; Staack, D. 1; Email Address: dstaack@princeton.edu Raitses, Y. 1 Fisch, N. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540; Source Info: 4/19/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 16, p3028; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1710732 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817099&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsson, J. AU - Sondhauss, P. AU - Synnergren, O. AU - Harbst, M. AU - Heimann, P.A. AU - Lindenberg, A.M. AU - Wark, J.S. T1 - Time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of the ferroelectric phase-transition in DKDP JO - Chemical Physics JF - Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 299 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 157 SN - 03010104 AB - We have performed experiments where DKDP has been irradiated by short (100 fs), laser pulses. Subsequently X-ray pulses with a duration of 100 ps were used as a probe. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction enables monitoring of the transitions between the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases. By recording the intensity of a peak only present in the paraelectric phase, we observe indications of a phase-transition following laser-irradiation of DKDP in the ferroelectric phase. We have estimated the laser heating effect, by measuring the strain (peak shifts) in the diffraction patterns. Furthermore, the orientation of the ferroelectric domains has been observed. In spite of the fact that the temperature did not rise above the Curie temperature, following interaction with this radiation, the polarization of ferroelectric domains was modified. This indicates a mechanism where short pulses impulsively excite phonons, which enable either reversal of entire domains, the shift of domain walls and/or the broadening of the domain wall widths. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray diffractometer KW - X-ray diffraction KW - FERROELECTRICITY KW - POLARIZATION (Electricity) N1 - Accession Number: 12574845; Larsson, J. 1,2; Email Address: jorgen.larsson@fysik.lth.se Sondhauss, P. 1,3 Synnergren, O. 2 Harbst, M. 1 Heimann, P.A. 4 Lindenberg, A.M. 5 Wark, J.S. 3; Affiliation: 1: Atomic Physics Division, Lund Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden 2: Technology and Society, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden 3: Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK 4: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 5: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 299 Issue 2/3, p157; Subject Term: X-ray diffractometer; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2003.11.019 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12574845&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glover, T.E. AU - Ackerman, G.D. AU - Lee, R.W. AU - Padmore, H.A. AU - Young, D.A. T1 - Metal–insulator transitions in an expanding metallic fluid: particle formation during femtosecond laser ablation JO - Chemical Physics JF - Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 299 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 171 SN - 03010104 AB - The formation of particles in a laser ablation plume is a complex process requiring direct local probes. Here, core-level photoemission spectroscopy is extended to the picosecond time domain to probe local expansion dynamics and associated transient chemical properties as a highly pressurized, metallic fluid expands into vacuum following impulsive heating of a semiconductor by an intense, ultrashort laser pulse. These experiments probe constituents species and solidification kinetics occurring in the early moments of material ejection and provide insight into how particles arise in the current laser ablation regime. Photoemission peak shifts reveal rapid metal–insulator phase transitions and support a view of fragmentation over vapor-condensation as the relevant mechanism determining the initial size-distribution of particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SEMICONDUCTORS KW - LASER ablation KW - MANUFACTURING processes KW - PARTICLES N1 - Accession Number: 12574847; Glover, T.E. 1; Email Address: teglover@lbl.gov Ackerman, G.D. 1 Lee, R.W. 2 Padmore, H.A. 1 Young, D.A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 2-345, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS-2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Physics Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 299 Issue 2/3, p171; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: PARTICLES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2003.11.042 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12574847&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adams, Bernhard W. T1 - Time-dependent Takagi–Taupin eikonal theory and applications in the subpicosecond manipulation of X-rays JO - Chemical Physics JF - Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 299 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 193 SN - 03010104 AB - A time-dependent version of the Takagi–Taupin theory of X-ray diffraction is derived in a unified space–time approach, which is particularly applicable to X-ray diffraction in a crystal that is undergoing rapid change on the subpicosecond, and even few-femtosecond, time scale. The theory is applied to the proposal of a class of X-ray optical elements for the subpicosecond manipulation of X-rays. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - OPTICAL diffraction KW - EIKONAL equation KW - DIFFERENTIAL equations KW - CALCULUS KW - Dynamical diffraction KW - Eikonal KW - Takagi KW - Ultrafast processes N1 - Accession Number: 12574849; Adams, Bernhard W. 1; Email Address: adams@aps.anl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 299 Issue 2/3, p193; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: EIKONAL equation; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: CALCULUS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamical diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eikonal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Takagi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrafast processes; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2003.12.022 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12574849&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, Lin X. AU - Shaw, George B. AU - Liu, Tao AU - Jennings, Guy AU - Attenkofer, Klaus T1 - Exciplex formation of copper(II) octaethylporphyrin revealed by pulsed X-rays JO - Chemical Physics JF - Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 299 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 215 SN - 03010104 AB - The triplet excited structures of Cu(II) octaethylporphyrin (CuOEP) in toluene and in 1:1 mixture of toluene and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were investigated by time-domain laser pulse pump, X-ray pulse probe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (pump–probe XAS) at room temperature using X-rays from a third generation synchrotron source with 100-ps time resolution. The transient optical absorption measurements indicate a strong solvent dependency of the triplet excited state lifetime due to the presence of oxygen-containing solvent molecules. While the ground state CuOEP molecules remain square-planar in both solvents, the attenuation of a peak attributed to the 1s→ 4pz transition at the Cu K-edge for the laser excited CuOEP in the THF/toluene mixture revealed the penta-coordinated exciplex formation which is responsible for the shortening of the triplet excited state lifetime. Meanwhile, the average Cu–N distance in the triplet excited state is lengthened by 0.03 A˚ due to ligation with a THF solvent molecule, which agrees with a domed coordination structure for copper in the penta-coordinated exciplex. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TOLUENE KW - MOLECULES KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - ABSORPTION spectra N1 - Accession Number: 12574851; Chen, Lin X. 1; Email Address: lchen@anl.gov Shaw, George B. 1 Liu, Tao 1 Jennings, Guy 2 Attenkofer, Klaus 2; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA 2: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 299 Issue 2/3, p215; Subject Term: TOLUENE; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2003.12.004 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12574851&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, Luke AU - Tanaka, Satoshi AU - Mukamel, Shaul T1 - Ligand effects on the X-ray absorption of a nickel porphyrin complex: a simulation study JO - Chemical Physics JF - Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 299 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 225 SN - 03010104 AB - We present a simulation of the X-ray absorption near-edge spectrum (XANES) of the metal porphyrin NiTPP (nickel tetraphenylporphyrin) and investigate the changes to the spectrum caused by adding piperidine ligands to the metal atom. The main features in the experimental spectrum (Chen et al., Science 292 (2001) 262) are interpreted in terms of changes in the electronic structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - NICKEL KW - PORPHYRINS KW - ELECTRONIC structure N1 - Accession Number: 12574852; Campbell, Luke 1,2 Tanaka, Satoshi 3 Mukamel, Shaul 1; Email Address: smukamel@uci.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA 2: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA 3: CIAS, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 299 Issue 2/3, p225; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: PORPHYRINS; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2003.08.032 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12574852&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shengfeng Liu AU - Corbett, John D. T1 - Ba2AuTl7: An Intermetallic Compound with a Novel Condensed. JO - Inorganic Chemistry JF - Inorganic Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 43 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 2471 EP - 2473 SN - 00201669 AB - In this novel motif, thallium and gold atoms define a complex three-dimensional [AuTl7] polyanion in which the barium atoms fill pentagonal cages that are part of highly condensed infinite channels. Relativistic effects appear to be significant in the short Au-TI and TI-TI distances and the bonding by the more electronegative gold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Inorganic Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERMETALLIC compounds KW - THALLIUM compounds KW - GOLD KW - BARIUM KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry KW - INORGANIC chemistry N1 - Accession Number: 13049384; Shengfeng Liu 1 Corbett, John D. 1; Email Address: jdc@ameslab.gov; Affiliation: 1: Ames Laboratory-DOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; Source Info: 4/19/2004, Vol. 43 Issue 8, p2471; Subject Term: INTERMETALLIC compounds; Subject Term: THALLIUM compounds; Subject Term: GOLD; Subject Term: BARIUM; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: INORGANIC chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1021/ic035399h UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13049384&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kharzeev, Dmitri AU - Tuchin, Kirill T1 - Open charm production in heavy ion collisions and the color glass condensate JO - Nuclear Physics A JF - Nuclear Physics A Y1 - 2004/04/19/ VL - 735 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 248 SN - 03759474 AB - We consider the production of open charm in heavy ion collisions in the framework of the color glass condensate. In the central rapidity region at RHIC, for the charm quark yield we expectNcoll (number of collisions) scaling in the absence of final-state effects. At higher energies, or forward rapidities at RHIC, the saturation scale exceeds the charm quark mass; we find that this results in the approximateNpart (number of participants) scaling of charm production in AA collisions and√ of N scaling in p(d)A collisions, similarly to the production of high-part ApT gluons discussed earlier. We also show that the saturation phenomenon makes spectra harder as compared to the naive parton model approach. We then discuss the energy loss of charm quarks in hot and cold media and argue that the hardness of the spectrum implies very slow dependence of the quenching factor onpT . [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Physics A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEAVY ion collisions KW - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) KW - QUARKS KW - SPECTRUM analysis N1 - Accession Number: 12502311; Kharzeev, Dmitri 1; Email Address: kharzeev@bnl.gov Tuchin, Kirill 1,2; Affiliation: 1: Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA 2: Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Box 351550, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 735 Issue 1/2, p248; Subject Term: HEAVY ion collisions; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: QUARKS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.01.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12502311&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - George, Nathan D. AU - Miller, Warner A. AU - Kheyfets, Arkady AU - Gentle, Adrian P. T1 - CONSTRAINTS IN QUANTUM GEOMETRODYNAMICS. JO - International Journal of Modern Physics A: Particles & Fields; Gravitation; Cosmology; Nuclear Physics JF - International Journal of Modern Physics A: Particles & Fields; Gravitation; Cosmology; Nuclear Physics Y1 - 2004/04/20/ VL - 19 IS - 10 M3 - Article SP - 1609 EP - 1638 PB - World Scientific Publishing Company SN - 0217751X AB - We compare different treatments of the constraints in canonical quantum gravity. The standard approach on the superspace of 3-geometries treats the constraints as the sole carriers of the dynamic content of the theory, thus rendering the traditional dynamical equations obsolete. Quantization of the constraints in both the Dirac and ADM square root Hamiltonian approaches leads to the well known problems of time evolution. These problems of time are of both an interpretational and technical nature. In contrast, the geometrodynamic quantization procedure on the superspace of the true dynamical variables separates the issues of quantization from the enforcement of the constraints. The resulting theory takes into account states that are off-shell with respect to the constraints, and thus avoids the problems of time. We develop, for the first time, the geometrodynamic quantization formalism in a general setting and show that it retains all essential features previously illustrated in the context of homogeneous cosmologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Modern Physics A: Particles & Fields; Gravitation; Cosmology; Nuclear Physics is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - QUANTUM gravity KW - GEOMETRODYNAMICS KW - CONSTRAINTS (Physics) KW - DIRAC equation KW - HAMILTON-Jacobi equations KW - COSMOLOGY KW - canonical quantum gravity KW - Quantum gravity N1 - Accession Number: 12918776; George, Nathan D. 1,2; Email Address: ndg@lanl.gov Miller, Warner A. 2,3; Email Address: wam@fau.edu Kheyfets, Arkady 4; Email Address: akheyfets@earthlink.net Gentle, Adrian P. 2,4; Email Address: apg@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK 2: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 3: Department of Physics, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA 4: Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2004, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p1609; Subject Term: QUANTUM gravity; Subject Term: GEOMETRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: DIRAC equation; Subject Term: HAMILTON-Jacobi equations; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: canonical quantum gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum gravity; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12918776&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - VETTER, PAUL A. T1 - SYMMETRY AND QED TESTS IN RARE ANNIHILATION MODES OF POSITRONIUM. JO - Modern Physics Letters A JF - Modern Physics Letters A Y1 - 2004/04/20/ VL - 19 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 871 EP - 885 PB - World Scientific Publishing Company SN - 02177323 AB - Recent experiments on positronium annihilation have confirmed QED calculations at high orders of α and tested discrete fundamental symmetrics. These measurements scarch for rare modes of annihilation which are distinguished from backgrounds by their specific decay signatures. New developments in beyond Standard Model theory provide motivation for new measurements of such decays. A brief history of scarches for rare annihilation modes of Ps is given. Recent experimental and theoretical developments are reviewed. Experiments currently being planned are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Modern Physics Letters A is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POSITRONIUM KW - SYMMETRIC spaces KW - MEASUREMENT KW - QUANTUM electrodynamics KW - SYMMETRY (Musical composition) KW - MATHEMATICAL physics KW - PHYSICS KW - positronium KW - qed tests KW - symmetry tests N1 - Accession Number: 13018129; VETTER, PAUL A. 1; Email Address: pavetter@lbl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720; Source Info: 4/20/2004, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p871; Subject Term: POSITRONIUM; Subject Term: SYMMETRIC spaces; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: QUANTUM electrodynamics; Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Musical composition); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: positronium; Author-Supplied Keyword: qed tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: symmetry tests; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13018129&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Halas, S. AU - Durakiewicz, T. AU - Mackiewicz, P. T1 - Temperature-dependent work function shifts of hydrogenated/deuteriated palladium: a new theoretical explanation JO - Surface Science JF - Surface Science Y1 - 2004/04/20/ VL - 555 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 43 SN - 00396028 AB - We explain the phenomena of work function (WF) variations of polycrystalline palladium film due to adsorption and absorption of hydrogen. A small increase of the WF observed at temperatures above 120 K is an indication of a spontaneous formation of H− ions at the surface, subsequently dissociating to electrons and neutral atoms which completely desorb at temperatures above 400 K. A large lowering of the WF at low temperatures (about 2 eV at 78 K) is associated with the formation of PdH. This process is treated quantitatively in the frame-work of the metallic plasma model. The mechanism of the isotope effect on the lowering of the WF is explained by the vibrational frequency difference of H and D atoms confined in the palladium lattice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PALLADIUM KW - TEMPERATURE KW - PLATINUM group KW - POLYCRYSTALS KW - Chemisorption KW - Deuterium KW - Hydrogen atom KW - Isotopic exchange/traces KW - Palladium KW - Work function measurements N1 - Accession Number: 12743103; Halas, S. 1; Email Address: halas@tytan.umcs.lublin.pl Durakiewicz, T. 1,2 Mackiewicz, P. 1; Affiliation: 1: Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie–Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Condensed Matter and Thermal Physics, MST-10 Group, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 555 Issue 1-3, p43; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PLATINUM group; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemisorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deuterium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen atom; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotopic exchange/traces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Work function measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.susc.2004.03.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12743103&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Albao, M.A. AU - Liu, Da-Jiang AU - Choi, Cheol H. AU - Gordon, Mark S. AU - Evans, J.W. T1 - Atomistic modeling of morphological evolution during simultaneous etching and oxidation of Si(1 0 0) JO - Surface Science JF - Surface Science Y1 - 2004/04/20/ VL - 555 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 51 SN - 00396028 AB - Prolonged exposure of Si(1 0 0) surfaces to oxygen produces: etching at high temperatures (T ) characterized by the formation of monolayer-deep elliptical etch pits in successive layers (active oxidation); simultaneous etching and formation of oxide-capped Si-nanoprotrusions at moderateT (transition regime); and rapid coverage of the substrate by an oxide layer at lowT (passive oxidation). We develop an atomistic model with the goal of describing evolution of the complex far-from-equilibrium surface morphology for a range of temperatures above and into the transition regime under conditions where etching dominates oxidation. Model development is guided by experimental observations, by general concepts from nucleation theory for the formation of etch pits and oxide islands, and by input from ab-initio quantum chemistry calculations for key aspects of the oxygen adsorption and SiO desorption energetics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MORPHOLOGY KW - ETCHING KW - OXIDATION KW - TEMPERATURE KW - and topography KW - Etching KW - Models of surface kinetics KW - Monte Carlo simulations KW - morphology KW - Oxidation KW - roughness KW - Silicon KW - Silicon oxides KW - Surface structure N1 - Accession Number: 12743104; Albao, M.A. 1,2 Liu, Da-Jiang 1 Choi, Cheol H. 1,3 Gordon, Mark S. 1,4 Evans, J.W. 1,5; Email Address: evans@ameslab.gov; Affiliation: 1: Ames Laboratory––USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA 2: Departments of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA 3: Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, South Korea 4: Departments of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA 5: Departments of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 555 Issue 1-3, p51; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: ETCHING; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: and topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Etching; Author-Supplied Keyword: Models of surface kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.susc.2004.02.027 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12743104&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wu, Kechen AU - Li, Jun AU - Lin, Chensheng T1 - Remarkable second-order optical nonlinearity of nano-sized Au20 cluster: a TDDFT study JO - Chemical Physics Letters JF - Chemical Physics Letters Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 388 IS - 4-6 M3 - Article SP - 353 SN - 00092614 AB - The dipole polarizability, static first hyperpolarizability and UV–Vis spectrum of the recently identified nano-sized tetrahedral cluster of Au20 have been investigated by using time-dependent density functional response theory. We have discovered that the Au20 cluster possesses remarkably large molecular second-order optical nonlinearity with the first hyperpolarizabilty (βxyz ) calculated to be 14.3 × 10−30 esu. The analysis of the low-energy absorption band suggests that the charge transfer from the edged gold atoms to the vertex ones plays the key role in nonlinear optical (NLO) response of Au20. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NONLINEAR theories KW - NANOPARTICLES KW - MICROCLUSTERS KW - TETRAHEDRAL coordinates N1 - Accession Number: 12778283; Wu, Kechen 1; Email Address: wkc@ms.fjirsm.ac.cn Li, Jun 2; Email Address: jun.li@pnl.gov Lin, Chensheng 1; Affiliation: 1: State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China 2: William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 388 Issue 4-6, p353; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: MICROCLUSTERS; Subject Term: TETRAHEDRAL coordinates; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.033 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778283&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, Xiangling AU - Patterson, Brian D. AU - Settersten, Thomas B. T1 - Time-domain investigation of OH ground-state energy transfer using picosecond two-color polarization spectroscopy JO - Chemical Physics Letters JF - Chemical Physics Letters Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 388 IS - 4-6 M3 - Article SP - 358 SN - 00092614 AB - Two-color polarization spectroscopy was used to investigate rotational energy transfer (RET) and relaxation of orientation and alignment in the ground electronic state of OH in an atmospheric-pressure methane–air flame. Two independently tunable lasers produced nearly transform-limited infrared and ultraviolet pulses of 50 ps duration. The infrared laser excited rovibrational transitions, and delayed ultraviolet pulses probed electronic transitions from either the directly pumped or collisionally populated states. Alignment and orientation relaxation times were measured for individual rotational levels in OHX2Π3/2(v=1) , and the feasibility of time-domain investigation of state-to-state energy transfer processes was demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ENERGY transfer KW - PICOSECOND pulses KW - POLARIZATION spectroscopy KW - LASER transitions N1 - Accession Number: 12778284; Chen, Xiangling 1 Patterson, Brian D. 1 Settersten, Thomas B.; Email Address: tbsette@sandia.gov; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Combustion Research Facility, P.O. Box 969, MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551-0969, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 388 Issue 4-6, p358; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: PICOSECOND pulses; Subject Term: POLARIZATION spectroscopy; Subject Term: LASER transitions; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.025 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778284&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chupas, Peter J. AU - Chaudhuri, Santanu AU - Hanson, Jonathan C. AU - Qiu, Xiangyun AU - Lee, Peter L. AU - Shastri, Sarvjit D. AU - Billinge, Simon J. L. AU - Grey, Dare P. T1 - Probing Local and Long-Range Structure Simultaneously: An In Situ Study of the High-Temperature Phase Transition of α-AIF3. JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 126 IS - 15 M3 - Article SP - 4756 EP - 4757 SN - 00027863 AB - The physical properties of technologically important materials can often be strongly coupled to subtle local structural changes that occur during phase transitions. With this in mind, the perovskite structure is particularly noteworthy, as it is a fundamentally important archetypal structure that is adopted by a wide range of materials, including geologically important samples, catalysts and electronic materials. Significant differences can exist between the average atomic position and instantaneous structure especially in materials with mobile ions or atoms. KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) KW - STATISTICAL physics KW - TEMPERATURE KW - PEROVSKITE KW - OXIDE minerals KW - IONS N1 - Accession Number: 13007893; Chupas, Peter J. 1 Chaudhuri, Santanu 1 Hanson, Jonathan C. 2 Qiu, Xiangyun 3 Lee, Peter L. 4 Shastri, Sarvjit D. 4 Billinge, Simon J. L. 3 Grey, Dare P. 1; Email Address: cgrey@mail.chem.sunysb.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 2: Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, New York 11793 3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 4: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439; Source Info: 4/21/2004, Vol. 126 Issue 15, p4756; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: STATISTICAL physics; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PEROVSKITE; Subject Term: OXIDE minerals; Subject Term: IONS; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13007893&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ghiladi, Reza A. AU - Cabelli, Diane E. AU - de Montellano, Paul A. Ortiz T1 - Superoxide Reactivity of KatG: Insights into Isoniazid Resistance Pathways inTB. JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 126 IS - 15 M3 - Article SP - 4772 EP - 4773 SN - 00027863 AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death due to a single disease, claiming 2-3 million lives annually. Efforts to control TB infection have been hampered by the rise of multiple-drug-resistant strains, which include resistance to isoniazid (INH), the most widely prescribed antibiotic used to treat TB. While it is now generally accepted that INH is a pro-drug that is activated by the catalase peroxidase KatG, the specifics of this activation process have to date proven to be elusive, and further study is necessary for rational drug design of antibiotics to combat TB. KW - TUBERCULOSIS KW - MYCOBACTERIAL diseases KW - MORTALITY KW - ISONIAZID KW - PEROXIDASE KW - ANTIBIOTICS N1 - Accession Number: 13007901; Ghiladi, Reza A. 1,2 Cabelli, Diane E. 1,2 de Montellano, Paul A. Ortiz 1,2; Email Address: ortiz@cgl.ucsf.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-2280 2: Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973; Source Info: 4/21/2004, Vol. 126 Issue 15, p4772; Subject Term: TUBERCULOSIS; Subject Term: MYCOBACTERIAL diseases; Subject Term: MORTALITY; Subject Term: ISONIAZID; Subject Term: PEROXIDASE; Subject Term: ANTIBIOTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13007901&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Savage, Van M. T1 - Improved approximations to scaling relationships for species, populations, and ecosystems across latitudinal and elevational gradients JO - Journal of Theoretical Biology JF - Journal of Theoretical Biology Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 227 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 525 SN - 00225193 AB - Historically, allometric equations relate organismal traits, such as metabolic rate, individual growth rate, and lifespan, to body mass. Similarly, Boltzmann orQ10 factors are used to relate many organismal traits to body temperature. Allometric equations and Boltzmann factors are being applied increasingly to higher levels of biological organization in an attempt to describe aggregate properties of populations and ecosystems. They have been used previously for studies that analyse scaling relationships between populations and across latitudinal gradients. For these kinds of applications, it is crucial to be aware of the “fallacy of the averages”, and it is often problematic or incorrect to simply substitute the average body mass or temperature for an entire population or ecosystem into allometric equations. We derive improved approximations to allometric equations and Boltzmann factors in terms of the central moments of body size and temperature, and we provide tests for the accuracy of these approximations. This framework is necessary for interpreting the predictions of scaling theories for large-scale systems and grants insight into which characteristics of a given distribution are important. These approximations and tests are applied to data for body size for several taxonomic groups, including groups with multiple species, and to data for temperature at locations of varying latitude, corresponding to ectothermic body temperatures. Based on these results, the accuracy and utility of these approximations as applied to biological systems are assessed. We conclude that approximations to allometric equations at the species level are extremely accurate. However, for systems with a large range in body size, evaluating the skewness and kurtosis is often necessary, so it may be advantageous to calculate the exact form for the averaged scaling relationships instead. Moreover, the improved approximation for the Boltzmann factor, which uses the average and standard deviation of temperature, is quite accurate and represents a significant improvement over previous approximations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Theoretical Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BODY temperature KW - ALLOMETRY KW - BIOTIC communities KW - GROWTH KW - Allometry KW - Body temperature KW - Central moments KW - Ecosystem averages KW - Latitudinal studies N1 - Accession Number: 12577456; Savage, Van M. 1,2; Email Address: van@santfe.edu; Affiliation: 1: Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA 2: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 227 Issue 4, p525; Subject Term: BODY temperature; Subject Term: ALLOMETRY; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: GROWTH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Allometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Body temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central moments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem averages; Author-Supplied Keyword: Latitudinal studies; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.11.030 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12577456&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kulevoy, T.V. AU - Batalin, V.A. AU - Hershcovitch, A. AU - Johnson, B.M. AU - Kolomiets, A.A. AU - Kuibeda, R.P. AU - Kashinsky, D.A. AU - Kuzmichev, V.G. AU - Pershin, V.I. AU - Petrenko, S.V. AU - Seleznev, D.N. AU - Oks, E.M. T1 - Enhancement of ion beam charge states by adding a second anode to the metal-vapor vacuum-arc ion source JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 522 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 171 SN - 01689002 AB - We report detailed investigations of ion charge state enhancement in an alternative metal-vapor-vacuum arc ion source configuration, consisting of two anodes with staggered (but partially overlapping) high current discharges in axial high magnetic field gradients. The experiments demonstrated that driving an additional current in a vacuum arc in a magnetic mirror configuration resulted in substantial ion charge state enhancement. Maximum ion charge states of Pb6+ and U8+ were extracted. Results are presented for high charge state uranium beam generation and acceleration in the 27 MHz heavy-ion RFQ LINAC TIPr-1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - VACUUM technology KW - ELECTRIC arc KW - IONS KW - ANODES N1 - Accession Number: 12778147; Kulevoy, T.V. 1 Batalin, V.A. 1 Hershcovitch, A. 2; Email Address: hershcovitch@bnl.gov Johnson, B.M. 2 Kolomiets, A.A. 1 Kuibeda, R.P. 1 Kashinsky, D.A. 1 Kuzmichev, V.G. 1 Pershin, V.I. 1 Petrenko, S.V. 1 Seleznev, D.N. 1 Oks, E.M. 3; Affiliation: 1: Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia 2: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 911c, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973-5000 USA 3: High Current Electronics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 522 Issue 3, p171; Subject Term: VACUUM technology; Subject Term: ELECTRIC arc; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: ANODES; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.196 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778147&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, J.G. AU - Zhang, S.Y. T1 - Coupling impedance measurements of a model fast extraction kicker magnet for the SNS accumulator ring JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 522 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 178 SN - 01689002 AB - Both longitudinal and transverse coupling impedance of a fast extraction kicker magnet has been measured for the design and development of beam extraction in the Spallation Neutron Source accumulator ring. The conventional wire method with improved techniques is employed in the bench test. The experimental result is explained by and compared with a newly developed resonant circuit model. The impact of the measurement on the fast extraction kicker magnet design is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COUPLINGS (Gearing) KW - MACHINERY KW - CLUTCHES (Machinery) KW - NEUTRONS KW - Collective instability KW - Coupling impedance KW - Kicker magnet KW - Longitudinal and transverse impedance KW - Matching KW - Particle accelerator KW - Scattering coefficient KW - Wire method N1 - Accession Number: 12778148; Wang, J.G. 1; Email Address: jgwang@ornl.gov Zhang, S.Y. 2; Affiliation: 1: Oak Ridge National Laboratory/SNS, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6471, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA 2: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 522 Issue 3, p178; Subject Term: COUPLINGS (Gearing); Subject Term: MACHINERY; Subject Term: CLUTCHES (Machinery); Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collective instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coupling impedance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kicker magnet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Longitudinal and transverse impedance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Matching; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle accelerator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wire method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333999 All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417990 All other machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.198 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778148&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alcorn, J. AU - Anderson, B.D. AU - Aniol, K.A. AU - Annand, J.R.M. AU - Auerbach, L. AU - Arrington, J. AU - Averett, T. AU - Baker, F.T. AU - Baylac, M. AU - Beise, E.J. AU - Berthot, J. AU - Bertin, P.Y. AU - Bertozzi, W. AU - Bimbot, L. AU - Black, T. AU - Boeglin, W.U. AU - Boykin, D.V. AU - Brash, E.J. AU - Breton, V. AU - Breuer, H. T1 - Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 522 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 294 SN - 01689002 AB - The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro- and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a momentum resolution of better than2×10−4 . A variety of Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well in excess of1038 cm−2 s−1 . The research program is aimed at a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the nuclear medium. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRONS KW - ATOMIC orbitals KW - PHOTONS KW - CHERENKOV counters KW - Hall A KW - Instrumentation KW - Jefferson Lab N1 - Accession Number: 12778157; Alcorn, J. 1 Anderson, B.D. 2 Aniol, K.A. 3 Annand, J.R.M. 4 Auerbach, L. 5 Arrington, J. 6 Averett, T. 7 Baker, F.T. 8 Baylac, M. 1,9 Beise, E.J. 10 Berthot, J. 11 Bertin, P.Y. 11 Bertozzi, W. 12 Bimbot, L. 13 Black, T. 12 Boeglin, W.U. 14 Boykin, D.V. 15 Brash, E.J. 16 Breton, V. 11 Breuer, H. 10; Affiliation: 1: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA 2: Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA 3: California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA 4: University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK 5: Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA 6: Argonne National Lab, Argonne, IL 60439, USA 7: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA 8: University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA 9: CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 10: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 11: Université Blaise Pascal/IN2P3, F-63177 Aubière, France 12: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 13: Institut de Physique Nucléaire, F-91406 Orsay, France 14: Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA 15: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA 16: University of Regina, Regina, Sask., Canada, S4S OA2; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 522 Issue 3, p294; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: ATOMIC orbitals; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: CHERENKOV counters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hall A; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jefferson Lab; Number of Pages: 53p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.415 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778157&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Monteiro, C.M.B. AU - Morgado, R.E. AU - dos Santos, J.M.F. AU - Conde, C.A.N. T1 - A curved-grid gas proportional scintillation counter instrumented with a 25-mm active-diameter photosensor JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 522 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 407 SN - 01689002 AB - The curved-grid technique provides a simple method to compensate for the variation in solid angle viewed by the PMT in large-area gas proportional scintillation counters (GPSC), improving their performance. The scintillation region is delimited by a planar grid and a curved one, whose shape is calculated to produce a radially increasing scintillation yield, compensating for the decrease in the solid angle. In this work, we applied this technique to a GPSC instrumented with a PMT having a 25-mm diameter photocathode. The maximum ratio of the detector entrance window to the photocathode diameter thus far achieved, without significant performance degradation, is 1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETECTORS KW - XENON KW - AIR analysis KW - NOBLE gases KW - Gas scintillation counter KW - X-ray detector KW - Xenon gas detector N1 - Accession Number: 12778162; Monteiro, C.M.B. 1 Morgado, R.E. 2 dos Santos, J.M.F. 1; Email Address: jmf@gian.fis.uc.pt Conde, C.A.N. 1; Affiliation: 1: Physics Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra P-3004-516, Portugal 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 522 Issue 3, p407; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: XENON; Subject Term: AIR analysis; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas scintillation counter; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray detector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Xenon gas detector; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.416 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778162&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heilbronn, L. AU - Iwata, Y. AU - Iwase, H. T1 - Off-line correction for excessive constant-fraction-discriminator walk in neutron time-of-flight experiments JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 522 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 495 SN - 01689002 AB - A method for reducing excessive constant-fraction-discriminator walk that utilizes experimental data in the off-line analysis stage is introduced. Excessive walk is defined here as any walk that leads to an overall timing resolution that is much greater than the intrinsic timing resolution of the detection system. The method is able to reduce the contribution to the overall timing resolution from the walk to a value that is equal to or less than the intrinsic timing resolution of the detectors. Although the method is explained in the context of a neutron time-of-flight experiment, it is applicable to any data set that satisfies two conditions: (1) a measure of the signal amplitude for each event must be recorded on an event-by-event basis; and (2) there must be a distinguishable class of events present where the timing information is known a priori. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETECTORS KW - NEUTRONS KW - MATTER -- Constitution KW - ALPHA rays KW - 07.05.Kf KW - 29.90.+r KW - Discriminator walk KW - Off-line correction N1 - Accession Number: 12778173; Heilbronn, L. 1; Email Address: LHHeilbronn@lbl.gov Iwata, Y. 2 Iwase, H. 3; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan 3: Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 522 Issue 3, p495; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: MATTER -- Constitution; Subject Term: ALPHA rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: 07.05.Kf; Author-Supplied Keyword: 29.90.+r; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discriminator walk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Off-line correction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.398 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778173&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bolozdynya, A. AU - Bolotnikov, A. AU - Richards, J. AU - Proctor, A. T1 - Detection of thermal neutrons in cylindrical ionization chamber filled with high-pressure Xe+3He gas mixture JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 522 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 595 SN - 01689002 AB - A high-pressure cylindrical ionization chamber filled with a Xe+3% 3He gas mixture can effectively detect gamma radiation and neutrons. The detector was tested at gas densities ranging between 0.07 and 0.35 g/cm3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IONIZATION (Atomic physics) KW - ELECTRON impact ionization KW - DETECTORS KW - NEUTRONS KW - Clusters KW - Gamma-ray spectrometry KW - High-pressure cylindrical ionization chamber KW - Thermal neutron detection KW - Xe+3He gas mixture N1 - Accession Number: 12778182; Bolozdynya, A. 1; Email Address: bolozdynya@contech.com Bolotnikov, A. 2 Richards, J. 1 Proctor, A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Constellation Technology Corporation, 7887 Bryan Dairy Rd., Suite 100, Largo, FL 33777, USA 2: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 522 Issue 3, p595; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: ELECTRON impact ionization; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clusters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma-ray spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-pressure cylindrical ionization chamber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal neutron detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Xe+3He gas mixture; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.396 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778182&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reijonen, J. AU - Leung, K.-N. AU - Firestone, R.B. AU - English, J.A. AU - Perry, D.L. AU - Smith, A. AU - Gicquel, F. AU - Sun, M. AU - Koivunoro, H. AU - Lou, T.-P. AU - Bandong, B. AU - Garabedian, G. AU - Revay, Zs. AU - Szentmiklosi, L. AU - Molnar, G. T1 - First PGAA and NAA experimental results from a compact high intensity D–D neutron generator JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 522 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 598 SN - 01689002 AB - High neutron output D–D neutron generators have been developed in the Plasma and Ion Source Technology Group in LBNL. A new facility has been build to enable testing and running these powerful generators. The co-axial neutron generator and the shielding/moderator structure are described in this presentation. Also presented are the first PGAA (Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis) and NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis) results measured in this neutron facility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NEUTRONS KW - MATTER -- Constitution KW - GAMMA rays -- Attenuation KW - ACTIVATION (Chemistry) KW - D–D fusion reaction KW - Neutron activation analysis KW - Neutron facility KW - Neutron generator KW - Prompt gamma activation analysis N1 - Accession Number: 12778183; Reijonen, J. 1; Email Address: jreijonen@lbl.gov Leung, K.-N. 1 Firestone, R.B. 1 English, J.A. 1 Perry, D.L. 1 Smith, A. 1 Gicquel, F. 1 Sun, M. 1 Koivunoro, H. 1 Lou, T.-P. 1 Bandong, B. 2 Garabedian, G. 2 Revay, Zs. 3 Szentmiklosi, L. 3 Molnar, G. 3; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS 5-119, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA 3: Institute of Isotope and Surface Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 522 Issue 3, p598; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: MATTER -- Constitution; Subject Term: GAMMA rays -- Attenuation; Subject Term: ACTIVATION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: D–D fusion reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron activation analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron facility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron generator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prompt gamma activation analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.397 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778183&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bussmann-Holder, Annette AU - Micnas, Roman AU - Bishop, Alan R. T1 - Polaronic origin of the isotope effect on the London penetration depth in high-temperature superconducting oxides. JO - Philosophical Magazine JF - Philosophical Magazine Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 84 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1257 EP - 1264 SN - 14786435 AB - Direct measurements of the in-plane London penetration depth λ L have recently been performed on high-temperature superconducting copper oxides by a new low-energy muon spin rotation technique. The results show that λ L is isotope dependent, evidencing unconventional electron-phonon interactions as its source. The data are interpreted here in terms of polaronic effects on the single-particle energies, which leads to level shifts and exponential band narrowing. Good agreement with the experimental data is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COPPER oxide superconductors KW - HIGH temperature superconductors KW - SUPERCONDUCTORS KW - MUON spin rotation KW - ELECTRON-phonon interactions KW - ELECTROMAGNETIC interactions KW - POLARONS N1 - Accession Number: 12584148; Bussmann-Holder, Annette 1; Email Address: A.Bussmann-Holder@fkf.mpg.de Micnas, Roman 2 Bishop, Alan R. 3; Affiliation: 1: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Germany 2: Institute of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University 3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Source Info: 4/21/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 12, p1257; Subject Term: COPPER oxide superconductors; Subject Term: HIGH temperature superconductors; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTORS; Subject Term: MUON spin rotation; Subject Term: ELECTRON-phonon interactions; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC interactions; Subject Term: POLARONS; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12584148&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ribeiro, R.A. AU - Bud'ko, S.L. AU - Laabs, F.C. AU - Kramer, M.J. AU - Canfield, P.C. T1 - Growth and physical properties of the decagonal Al-Cu-Co quasicrystal grown from the ternary melt. JO - Philosophical Magazine JF - Philosophical Magazine Y1 - 2004/04/21/ VL - 84 IS - 12 M3 - Article SP - 1291 EP - 1302 SN - 14786435 AB - Large faceted single-grain quasicrystals of the approximate composition Al 63.2 Cu 19.5 Co 17.3 and with a high degree of structural perfection are obtained through the slow cooling of a ternary melt with initial composition Al 65 Cu 29 Co 6 . X-ray diffraction patterns of crushed single-grain samples are exceptionally sharp, indicating a high degree of structural order, with no evidence of secondary phases. Transmission electron micrographs also reveal sharp diffraction patterns in the even- n layers but diffuse scattering in the odd- n layers. Temperature-dependent magnetization, electrical resistivity and specific heat are measured using bars cut perpendicular and parallel to the c axis and show diamagnetic behaviour: γ ≈ 0.5 mJ mol -1 K -2 , ρ c (2 K) ≈ 52 μΩ cm and ρ q (2 K) ≈ 283 μΩ cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - QUASICRYSTALS KW - TERNARY alloys KW - ALUMINUM alloys KW - X-ray diffractometer KW - CRYSTALS KW - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy N1 - Accession Number: 12584146; Ribeiro, R.A. 1,2; Email Address: ribeiro@ameslab.gov Bud'ko, S.L. 1 Laabs, F.C. 1,3 Kramer, M.J. 1,3 Canfield, P.C. 1,2; Affiliation: 1: Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University 2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University 3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University; Source Info: 4/21/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 12, p1291; Subject Term: QUASICRYSTALS; Subject Term: TERNARY alloys; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: X-ray diffractometer; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12584146&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Valone, Steven M. AU - Atlas, Susan R. T1 - An empirical charge transfer potential with correct dissociation limits. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 120 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 7262 EP - 7273 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - The empirical valence bond (EVB) method [J. Chem. Phys. 52, 1262 (1970)] has always embodied charge transfer processes. The mechanism of that behavior is examined here and recast for use as a new empirical potential energy surface for large-scale simulations. A two-state model is explored. The main features of the model are: (1) explicit decomposition of the total system electron density is invoked; (2) the charge is defined through the density decomposition into constituent contributions; (3) the charge transfer behavior is controlled through the resonance energy matrix elements which cannot be ignored; and (4) a reference-state approach, similar in spirit to the EVB method, is used to define the resonance state energy contributions in terms of “knowable” quantities. With equal validity, the new potential energy can be expressed as a nonthermal ensemble average with a nonlinear but analytical charge dependence in the occupation number. Dissociation to neutral species for a gas-phase process is preserved. A variant of constrained search density functional theory is advocated as the preferred way to define an energy for a given charge. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHARGE transfer KW - DENSITY functionals KW - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry) KW - ELECTRON distribution KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) N1 - Accession Number: 12727309; Valone, Steven M. 1,2 Atlas, Susan R. 2,3; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 3: Center for Advanced Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; Source Info: 4/22/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 16, p7262; Subject Term: CHARGE transfer; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1676118 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12727309&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dallos, Michal AU - Lischka, Hans AU - Szalay, Péter G. AU - Yarkony, David R. AU - Shepard, Ron T1 - Analytic evaluation of nonadiabatic coupling terms at the MR-CI level. I. Formalism. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 120 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 7322 EP - 7329 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - An efficient and general method for the analytic computation of the nonandiabatic coupling vector at the multireference configuration interaction (MR-CI) level is presented. This method is based on a previously developed formalism for analytic MR-CI gradients adapted to the use for the computation of nonadiabatic coupling terms. As was the case for the analytic energy gradients, very general, separate choices of invariant orbital subspaces at the multiconfiguration self-consistent field and MR-CI levels are possible, allowing flexible selections of MR-CI wave functions. The computational cost for the calculation of the nonadiabatic coupling vector at the MR-CI level is far below the cost for the energy calculation. In this paper the formalism of the method is presented and in the following paper [Dallos et al., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 7330 (2004)] applications concerning the optimization of minima on the crossing seam are described. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLYATOMIC molecules KW - FORCE & energy KW - WAVE functions KW - COUPLING constants (Nuclear physics) KW - FORMALISM (Literary analysis) N1 - Accession Number: 12727302; Dallos, Michal 1 Lischka, Hans 1; Email Address: hans.lischka@univie.ac.at Szalay, Péter G. 2 Yarkony, David R. 3 Shepard, Ron 4; Affiliation: 1: Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 2: Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary 3: Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 4: Theoretical Chemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439; Source Info: 4/22/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 16, p7322; Subject Term: POLYATOMIC molecules; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: WAVE functions; Subject Term: COUPLING constants (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: FORMALISM (Literary analysis); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1668615 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12727302&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dallos, Michal AU - Lischka, Hans AU - Shepard, Ron AU - Yarkony, David R. AU - Szalay, Péter G. T1 - Analytic evaluation of nonadiabatic coupling terms at the MR-CI level. II. Minima on the crossing seam: Formaldehyde and the photodimerization of ethylene. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 120 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 7330 EP - 7339 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - The method for the analytic calculation of the nonadiabatic coupling vector at the multireference configuration-interaction (MR-CI) level and its program implementation into the COLUMBUS program system described in the preceding paper [Lischka et al., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 7322 (2004)] has been combined with automatic searches for minima on the crossing seam (MXS). Based on a perturbative description of the vicinity of a conical intersection, a Lagrange formalism for the determination of MXS has been derived. Geometry optimization by direct inversion in the iterative subspace extrapolation is used to improve the convergence properties of the corresponding Newton-Raphson procedure. Three examples have been investigated: the crossing between the 1 1B1/2 1A1 valence states in formaldehyde, the crossing between the 2 1A1/3 1A1 π-π* valence and ny-3py Rydberg states in formaldehyde, and three crossings in the case of the photodimerization of ethylene. The methods developed allow MXS searches of significantly larger systems at the MR-CI level than have been possible before and significantly more accurate calculations as compared to previous complete-active space self-consistent field approaches. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- Research KW - FORMALDEHYDE KW - ETHYLENE KW - NEWTON-Raphson method KW - LAGRANGE problem N1 - Accession Number: 12727301; Dallos, Michal 1 Lischka, Hans 1; Email Address: hans.lischka@univie.ac.at Shepard, Ron 2 Yarkony, David R. 3 Szalay, Péter G. 4; Affiliation: 1: Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 2: Theoretical Chemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 3: Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 4: Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; Source Info: 4/22/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 16, p7330; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- Research; Subject Term: FORMALDEHYDE; Subject Term: ETHYLENE; Subject Term: NEWTON-Raphson method; Subject Term: LAGRANGE problem; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1668631 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12727301&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guo, Rui AU - Balasubramanian, K. T1 - Spectroscopic properties and potential energy curves of low-lying electronic states of RuC. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 120 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 7418 EP - 7425 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - The RuC molecule has been a challenging species due to the open-shell nature of Ru resulting in a large number of low-lying electronic states. We have carried out state-of-the-art calculations using the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field followed by multireference configuration interaction methods that included up to 18 million configurations, in conjunction with relativistic effects. We have computed 29 low-lying electronic states of RuC with different spin multiplicities and spatial symmetries with energy separations less than 38 000 cm-1. We find two very closely low-lying electronic states for RuC, viz., 1Σ+ and 3Δ with the 1Σ+ being stabilized at higher levels of theory. Our computed spectroscopic constants and dipole moments are in good agreement with experiment although we have reported more electronic states than those that have been observed experimentally. Our computations reveal a strongly bound 1Σ+ state with a large dipole moment which is most likely the experimentally observed ground state and an energetically close 3Δ state with a smaller dipole moment. Overall our computed spectroscopic constants of the excited states with energy separations less than 18 000 cm-1 agree quite well with those of the corresponding observed states. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULES KW - CHEMICAL structure KW - MOLECULAR shapes KW - DIPOLE moments KW - RELATIVISTIC mechanics KW - EXCITED state chemistry N1 - Accession Number: 12727292; Guo, Rui 1 Balasubramanian, K. 1,2,3; Affiliation: 1: Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing, University of California, Davis, Livermore, California 94550 2: University of California, Chemistry and Material Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 3: The Glen T. Seaborg Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: 4/22/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 16, p7418; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL structure; Subject Term: MOLECULAR shapes; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: RELATIVISTIC mechanics; Subject Term: EXCITED state chemistry; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1688755 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12727292&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rustad, James R. AU - Rosso, Kevin M. AU - Felmy, Andrew R. T1 - Molecular dynamics investigation of ferrous–ferric electron transfer in a hydrolyzing aqueous solution: Calculation of the pH dependence of the diabatic transfer barrier and the potential of mean force. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 120 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 7607 EP - 7615 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - We present a molecular model for ferrous–ferric electron transfer in an aqueous solution that accounts for electronic polarizability and exhibits spontaneous cation hydrolysis. An extended Lagrangian technique is introduced for carrying out calculations of electron-transfer barriers in polarizable systems. The model predicts that the diabatic barrier to electron transfer increases with increasing pH, due to stabilization of the Fe3+ by fluctuations in the number of hydroxide ions in its first coordination sphere, in much the same way as the barrier would increase with increasing dielectric constant in the Marcus theory. We have also calculated the effect of pH on the potential of mean force between two hydrolyzing ions in aqueous solution. As expected, increasing pH reduces the potential of mean force between the ferrous and ferric ions in the model system. The magnitudes of the predicted increase in diabatic transfer barrier and the predicted decrease in the potential of mean force nearly cancel each other at the canonical transfer distance of 0.55 nm. Even though hydrolysis is allowed in our calculations, the distribution of reorganization energies has only one maximum and is Gaussian to an excellent approximation, giving a harmonic free energy surface in the reorganization energy F(ΔE) with a single minimum. There is thus a surprising amount of overlap in electron-transfer reorganization energies for Fe2+–Fe(H2O)63+, Fe2+–Fe(OH)(H2O)52+, and Fe2+–Fe(OH)2(H2O)+ couples, indicating that fluctuations in hydrolysis state can be viewed on a continuum with other solvent contributions to the reorganization energy. There appears to be little justification for thinking of the transfer rate as arising from the contributions of different hydrolysis states. Electronic structure calculations indicate that Fe(H2O)62+–Fe(OH)n(H2O)6-n(3-n)+ complexes interacting through H3O2- bridges do not have large electronic couplings. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - CHARGE exchange KW - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics) KW - ELECTRONS -- Polarization KW - HYDROLYSIS KW - LAGRANGIAN functions KW - PH effect KW - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics) KW - CONTINUUM (Mathematics) N1 - Accession Number: 12727271; Rustad, James R. 1 Rosso, Kevin M. 1 Felmy, Andrew R. 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Source Info: 4/22/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 16, p7607; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELECTRONS -- Polarization; Subject Term: HYDROLYSIS; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN functions; Subject Term: PH effect; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: CONTINUUM (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1687318 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12727271&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosso AU - K. M. AU - Smith AU - D. M. A. AU - Wang AU - Z. AU - Ainsworth AU - C. C. AU - Fredrickson AU - J. K. T1 - Self-Exchange Electron Transfer Kinetics and Reduction Potentials for Anthraquinone Disulfonate. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 108 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 3292 EP - 3303 SN - 10895639 AB - An electron transfer model for self-exchange reactions of 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) in aqueous solution has been formulated by using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Marcus theory. One-electron self-exchange reactions are predicted to be fast (log k ≉ 6-9 M-1 s-1) but not diffusion limited. The internal component of the reorganization energy makes a large contribution to the total reorganization energy and cannot be neglected. Analysis and theoretical extensions of crystal structure data led to predicted precursor complex structures that, in the end, yielded theoretical electron transfer rates in good agreement with experimental ones. Electron transfer distances in solution are predicted to be in the 7-9 Å range. Calculated values of the electronic coupling matrix element indicate that the distinction between adiabatic and nonadiabatic electron transfer in this system likely occurs in this distance range as well. A set of reduction potentials was also produced by combining the density functional theory calculations with equilibrium expressions and the known acidity constants in the AQDS system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ANTHRAQUINONES KW - QUINONE KW - OXIDATION-reduction reaction KW - CHEMICAL reactions N1 - Accession Number: 16432930; Rosso K. M. 1 Smith D. M. A. 1 Wang Z. 1 Ainsworth C. C. 1 Fredrickson J. K. 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K8-96, Richland, Washington 99352, and Department of Physics, Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, Washington 99362; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 16, p3292; Subject Term: ANTHRAQUINONES; Subject Term: QUINONE; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16432930&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson AU - K. B. AU - Tranter AU - R. S. AU - Tang AU - W. AU - Brezinsky AU - K. AU - Harding AU - L. B. T1 - Speciation of C6H6 Isomers by Gas Chromatography-Matrix Isolation Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Mass Spectrometry. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 108 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 3403 EP - 3405 SN - 10895639 AB - Isomeric C6H6 species produced by high-pressure shock tube pyrolysis of 1,5-hexadiyne have been investigated by gas chromatography-matrix isolation FTIR spectroscopy-mass spectrometry. In addition to benzene (stable end product) and 1,5-hexadiyne (starting material), six isomeric C6H6 species have been identified on the basis of spectroscopic characteristics. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions of stable species that will be formed in the pyrolysis of 1,5-hexadiyne and key species have been positively identified for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ISOMERISM KW - GAS chromatography KW - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis KW - MASS spectrometry N1 - Accession Number: 16432945; Anderson K. B. 1 Tranter R. S. 1 Tang W. 1 Brezinsky K. 1 Harding L. B. 1; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, M/C 251, Chicago, Illinois 60607; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 16, p3403; Subject Term: ISOMERISM; Subject Term: GAS chromatography; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16432945&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tranter AU - R. S. AU - Tang AU - W. AU - Anderson AU - K. B. AU - Brezinsky AU - K. T1 - Shock Tube Study of Thermal Rearrangement of 1,5-Hexadiyne over Wide Temperature and Pressure Regime. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 108 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 3406 EP - 3415 SN - 10895639 AB - The pyrolysis of 1,5-hexadiyne has been studied in a high-pressure single pulse shock tube to investigate the mechanisms involved in the production of benzene from propargyl radicals. Analysis of the reaction products by gas chromatography and matrix isolation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has positively identified six linear C6H6 species and two cyclic C6H6 species. Of these species cis-1,3-hexadien-5-yne and trans-1,3-hexadiene-5-yne have been unambiguously identified for the first time and provide vital information concerning a low-temperature route to benzene that does not involve the formation of fulvene; however, the data also provide support for two high-temperature paths from propargyl radicals to benzene via fulvene. Thus experimental evidence has been gained that supports two different routes to benzene formation. The mechanisms and rate coefficients that have been obtained in this work are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AROMATIC compounds KW - PYROLYSIS KW - GAS chromatography KW - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis N1 - Accession Number: 16432946; Tranter R. S. 1 Tang W. 1 Anderson K. B. 1 Brezinsky K. 1; Affiliation: 1: Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, M/C 251, Chicago, Illinois 60607, and Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 16, p3406; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: GAS chromatography; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16432946&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dattelbaum AU - D. M. AU - Martin AU - R. L. AU - Schoonover AU - J. R. AU - Meyer AU - T. J. T1 - Molecular and Electronic Structure in the Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Excited States of fac-[Re(4,4-X2bpy)(CO)3(4-Etpy)]+* (X = CH3, H, Co2Et). Application of Density Functional Theory and Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 108 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 3518 EP - 3526 SN - 10895639 AB - Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted on the ground and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of the series fac-[Re(4,4-X2bpy)(CO)3(4-Etpy)](PF6) (X = CH3, H, and CO2Et; 4-Etpy is 4-ethylpyridine). The energy gap varies across this series, influencing excited-state geometries and electronic structures. The DFT calculations assist in assigning ν(CO) bands in the infrared and give insight into variations in the experimental values. The predicted bond length and angle changes in the excited state point to the importance of Re-CO σ bond polarization in the excited states as well as π*(4,4-X2bpy)-π*(CO) mixing suggested previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DENSITY functionals KW - FUNCTIONAL analysis KW - CHARGE transfer KW - ELECTRONIC structure N1 - Accession Number: 16432960; Dattelbaum D. M. 1 Martin R. L. 2 Schoonover J. R. 3 Meyer T. J. 4; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Laboratory Director's Office for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 2: Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Laboratory Director's Office for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 3: Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Laboratory Director's Office for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 4: Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Laboratory Director's Office for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 16, p3518; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: CHARGE transfer; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16432960&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dattelbaum AU - D. M. AU - Omberg AU - K. M. AU - Hay AU - P. J. AU - Gebhart AU - N. L. AU - Martin AU - R. L. AU - Schoonover AU - J. R. AU - Meyer AU - T. J. T1 - Defining Electronic Excited States Using Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 108 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 3527 EP - 3536 SN - 10895639 AB - Characteristic patterns of infrared bands in the ν(CO) region have been observed in the time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectra of fac-rhenium tricarbonyl complexes that allow for identification of transient states that result following laser flash excitation. These patterns can be interpreted by combining experimental TRIR data with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT calculations are particularly valuable as they provide vibrational energy shifts between the ground and excited states and an analysis of the electronic interactions in terms of the orbitals involved in the excitation. TRIR and DFT results for four different transient excited states, intraligand π → π*, metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), intramolecular (dπ-Οπ) → π* excited states, and a redox-separated (RS state), are presented here. A unique example of competing excited states studied by TRIR is also presented. The complexes studied include fac-[ReI(CO)3(Me2dppz)(4-Etpy)]+, fac-[ReI(CO)3(bpy)(4-Etpy)]+, fac-[ReI(CO)3(4,4-(CH3)2bpy)(OQD)] , fac-[ReI(CO)3(Me2dppz)(py-PTZ)]+, and fac-[ReI(CO)3(dppz)(py-PTZ)]+ (Me2dppz is dimethyl dipyrido[3,2-a:2,3-c]phenazine; dppz is dipyrido[3,2-a:2,3-c]phenazine; 4Etpy is 4-ethylpyridine; bpy is 2,2-bipyridine; 4,4-(CH3)2bpy is 4,4-(CH3)-2,2-bipyridine; OQD is 1-methyl-6-oxyquinone; py-PTZ is 10-(4-picolyl)phenothiazine). In addition to the DFT studies on the lowest triplet states probed by TRIR spectroscopy, time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were also performed to analyze several of the lowest singlet and triplet excited states for each of the complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DENSITY functionals KW - FUNCTIONAL analysis KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - INTERFEROMETRY N1 - Accession Number: 16432961; Dattelbaum D. M. 1 Omberg K. M. 1 Hay P. J. 1 Gebhart N. L. 1 Martin R. L. 1 Schoonover J. R. 1 Meyer T. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 16, p3527; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16432961&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Michael D. AU - Stevenson, Jeffry W. AU - Simner, Steven P. T1 - Reactivity of lanthanide ferrite SOFC cathodes with YSZ electrolyte JO - Journal of Power Sources JF - Journal of Power Sources Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 129 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 188 SN - 03787753 AB - The reactivity of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with compounds of the form Ln0.8Sr0.2FeO3 (Ln=Sm , Pr, Nd and a mixed lanthanide precursor) and La0.8M0.2FeO3 (M=Ba , Ca) was investigated, and compared to the comprehensively studied La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 (LSF-20) composition. With the exception of Ca, all variants showed either increased reactivity with YSZ (compared to the base LSF-20), or a lack of phase purity after calcination at 1200–1300 °C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RARE earth metals KW - ELECTROLYTES KW - ZIRCONIUM oxide KW - REACTIVITY (Chemistry) KW - Lanthanide ferrite KW - Reactivity KW - SOFC cathodes N1 - Accession Number: 12777622; Anderson, Michael D. 1 Stevenson, Jeffry W. 1 Simner, Steven P.; Email Address: steven.simner@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science Division (MS: K2-44), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Department MSIN K2-44, P.O. Box 999, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 129 Issue 2, p188; Subject Term: RARE earth metals; Subject Term: ELECTROLYTES; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: REACTIVITY (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lanthanide ferrite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFC cathodes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.039 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12777622&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hu, Felix AU - Doeff, Marca M. T1 - Electrochemical characterization of manganese oxide cathode materials based on Na0.4MnO2 JO - Journal of Power Sources JF - Journal of Power Sources Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 129 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 296 SN - 03787753 AB - Cathode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries were prepared from Na0.4MnO2 by solution and molten salt ion-exchanges. The former process results in partial replacement of sodium while the latter results in complete exchange. The discharge characteristics depend upon the sodium content, with the partially lithiated material exhibiting hysteresis in the charge/discharge profile and differential capacity plots from stepped potential experiments. For the fully lithiated material, a complex voltage profile with several distinct plateaus corresponding to several two-phase regions is observed. No evidence of spinel formation during ion-exchange or electrochemical cycling is seen for this system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MANGANESE oxides KW - LITHIUM cells KW - STORAGE batteries KW - OXIDES KW - Manganese oxide KW - Rechargeable lithium batteries KW - Romanechite N1 - Accession Number: 12777635; Hu, Felix 1 Doeff, Marca M.; Email Address: mmdoeff@lbl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 129 Issue 2, p296; Subject Term: MANGANESE oxides; Subject Term: LITHIUM cells; Subject Term: STORAGE batteries; Subject Term: OXIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manganese oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rechargeable lithium batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Romanechite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335910 Battery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335911 Storage Battery Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.040 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12777635&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doggett, Norman A. AU - Albertson, Donna G. AU - Andaya, Armann AU - Chinnaiyan, Arul AU - van Dekken, Herman AU - Ginzinger, David AU - Haqq, Christopher AU - James, Karen AU - Kamkar, Sherwin AU - Kowbel, David AU - Pinkel, Daniel AU - Schmitt, Lars AU - Simko, Jeffry P. AU - Volik, Stanislav AU - Weinberg, Vivian K. AU - Paris, Pamela L. AU - Collins, Colin AU - Watson, J. E. Vivienne T1 - Integration of high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of chromosome 16q with expression array data refines common regions of loss at 16q23-qter and identifies underlying candidate tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer. JO - Oncogene JF - Oncogene Y1 - 2004/04/22/ VL - 23 IS - 19 M3 - Article SP - 3487 EP - 3494 PB - Nature Publishing Group SN - 09509232 AB - We have constructed a high-resolution genomic microarray of human chromosome 16q, and used it for comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 16 prostate tumors. We demarcated 10 regions of genomic loss between 16q23.1 and 16qter that occurred in five or more samples. Mining expression array data from four independent studies allowed us to identify 11 genes that were frequently underexpressed in prostate cancer and that co-localized with a region of genomic loss. Quantitative expression analyses of these genes in matched tumor and benign tissue from 13 patients showed that six of these 11 (WWOX, WFDC1, MAF, FOXF1, MVD and the predicted novel transcript Q9H0B8 (NM_031476)) had significant and consistent downregulation in the tumors relative to normal prostate tissue expression making them candidate tumor suppressor genes.Oncogene (2004) 23, 3487-3494. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207474 Published online 12 April 2004 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Oncogene is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROSTATE cancer KW - CHROMOSOMES KW - DNA microarrays KW - ANTIONCOGENES KW - GENOMICS KW - HYBRIDIZATION KW - array CGH KW - chromosome 16q KW - prostate cancer KW - tumor suppressor genes N1 - Accession Number: 12886938; Doggett, Norman A. 1 Albertson, Donna G. 2 Andaya, Armann 2 Chinnaiyan, Arul 3 van Dekken, Herman 4 Ginzinger, David 2 Haqq, Christopher 2 James, Karen 2 Kamkar, Sherwin 2 Kowbel, David 2 Pinkel, Daniel 2 Schmitt, Lars 2 Simko, Jeffry P. 2 Volik, Stanislav 2 Weinberg, Vivian K. 2 Paris, Pamela L. 2 Collins, Colin 2 Watson, J. E. Vivienne 2; Email Address: vwatson@cc.ucsf.edu; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2: Collins Lab, UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, USA 3: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA 4: Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Source Info: 4/22/2004, Vol. 23 Issue 19, p3487; Subject Term: PROSTATE cancer; Subject Term: CHROMOSOMES; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: ANTIONCOGENES; Subject Term: GENOMICS; Subject Term: HYBRIDIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: array CGH; Author-Supplied Keyword: chromosome 16q; Author-Supplied Keyword: prostate cancer; Author-Supplied Keyword: tumor suppressor genes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1038/sj.onc.1207474 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12886938&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weaver-Feldhaus, Jane M. AU - Lou, Jianlong AU - Coleman, James R. AU - Siegel, Robert W. AU - Marks, James D. AU - Feldhaus, Michael J. T1 - Yeast mating for combinatorial Fab library generation and surface display JO - FEBS Letters JF - FEBS Letters Y1 - 2004/04/23/ VL - 564 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 24 SN - 00145793 AB - Yeast display of antibody fragments has proven to be an efficient and productive means for directed evolution of single chain Fv antibodies for increased affinity and thermal stability, and more recently for the display and screening of a non-immune library. In this paper, we describe an elegant and simple method for constructing large combinatorial Fab libraries for display on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from modestly sized, and easily constructed, heavy and light chain libraries. To this end, we have constructed a set of yeast strains and a two vector system for heavy chain and light chain surface display of Fab fragments with free native amino termini. Through yeast mating of the haploid libraries, a very large heterodimeric immune Fab library was displayed on the diploids and high affinity antigen specific Fabs were isolated from the library. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of FEBS Letters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - YEAST KW - IMMUNOGLOBULINS KW - GROWTH factors KW - AMINO acids KW - Antibody KW - EGF, epidermal growth factor KW - Fab KW - Library KW - mAb, monoclonal antibody KW - scFv, single chain fragment variable KW - SDCAA, synthetic dextrose plus casein amino acids KW - Selection KW - Single chain Fv KW - VH, variable heavy KW - Vk, variable light KW - Yeast display N1 - Accession Number: 12839097; Weaver-Feldhaus, Jane M. 1 Lou, Jianlong 2 Coleman, James R. 1 Siegel, Robert W. 1 Marks, James D. 2; Email Address: marksj@anesthesia.ucsf.edu Feldhaus, Michael J. 1; Email Address: michael.feldhaus@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MSIN:K4-12, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA 2: Department of Anesthesia and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rm 3C-38, NH, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 564 Issue 1/2, p24; Subject Term: YEAST; Subject Term: IMMUNOGLOBULINS; Subject Term: GROWTH factors; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antibody; Author-Supplied Keyword: EGF, epidermal growth factor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fab; Author-Supplied Keyword: Library; Author-Supplied Keyword: mAb, monoclonal antibody; Author-Supplied Keyword: scFv, single chain fragment variable; Author-Supplied Keyword: SDCAA, synthetic dextrose plus casein amino acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single chain Fv; Author-Supplied Keyword: VH, variable heavy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vk, variable light; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yeast display; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311990 All other food manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00309-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12839097&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang Chao AU - Dax Fu T1 - Thermodynamic Studies of the Mechanism of Metal Binding to the Escherichia coli Zinc Transporter YiiP. JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/23/ VL - 279 IS - 17 M3 - Article SP - 17173 EP - 17180 SN - 00219258 AB - Sequence homology of the Escherichia coli YiiP places it within the family of cation diffusion facilitators, a family of membrane transporters that play a central role in regulating cellular zinc homeostasis. Here we describe the first thermodynamic and mechanistic studies of metal binding to a cation diffusion facilitator. Isothermal titration calorimetric analyses of the purified YiiP and binding competitions among Zn2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ revealed a mutually competitive binding site common to three metal ions and a set of noncompetitive binding sites, including one Cd2+ site, one Hg2+ site, and at least one Zn2+ site, to which the binding of Zn2+ exhibited partial inhibitions of both Cd2+ and Hg2+ bindings. Lowering the pH from 7.0 to 5.5 inhibited binding of Zn2+ and Cd2+ to the common site. Further, the enthalpy change of the Cd2+ binding to the common site was found to be related linearly to the ionization enthalpy of the pH buffer with a slope corresponding to the release of 1.23 H+ for each Cd2+ binding. These H+ effects are consistent with a coupled deprotonation process upon binding of Zn2+ and Cd2+ modification of histidine residues by diethyl pyrocarbonate specifically inhibited Zn2+ binding to the common binding site, indicating that the mechanism of binding-deprotonation coupling involves a histidine residue(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Biological Chemistry is the property of American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ZINC KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - ESCHERICHIA coli KW - HOMEOSTASIS KW - BINDING sites (Biochemistry) KW - BIOCHEMISTRY N1 - Accession Number: 13226942; Yang Chao 1 Dax Fu 1; Email Address: dax@bnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; Source Info: 4/23/2004, Vol. 279 Issue 17, p17173; Subject Term: ZINC; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Subject Term: HOMEOSTASIS; Subject Term: BINDING sites (Biochemistry); Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1074/jbc.M400208200 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13226942&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jacob, Jaby AU - Krantz, Bryan AU - Dothager, Robin S. AU - Thiyagarajan, P. AU - Sosnick, Tobin R. T1 - Early Collapse is not an Obligate Step in Protein Folding JO - Journal of Molecular Biology JF - Journal of Molecular Biology Y1 - 2004/04/23/ VL - 338 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 369 SN - 00222836 AB - The dimensions and secondary structure content of two proteins which fold in a two-state manner are measured within milliseconds of denaturant dilution using synchrotron-based, stopped-flow small-angle X-ray scattering and far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. Even upon a jump to strongly native conditions, neither ubiquitin nor common-type acylphosphatase contract prior to the major folding event. Circular dichroism and fluorescence indicate that negligible amounts of secondary and tertiary structures form in the burst phase. Thus, for these two denatured states, collapse and secondary structure formation are not energetically downhill processes even under aqueous, low-denaturant conditions. In addition, water appears to be as good a solvent as that with high concentrations of denaturant, when considering the over-all dimensions of the denatured state. However, the removal of denaturant does subtly alter the distribution of backbone dihedral φ,ψ angles, most likely resulting in a shift from the polyproline II region to the helical region of the Ramachandran map. We consider the thermodynamic origins of these behaviors along with implications for folding mechanisms and computer simulations thereof. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DICHROISM KW - PROTEIN folding KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - CIRCULAR dichroism KW - CD, circular dichroism KW - circular dichroism KW - csp, cold-shock protein KW - ctAcP, common-type acylphosphatase KW - Dphysiological, physiological denatured state under low-denaturant conditions KW - FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer KW - GdmCl, guanidinium chloride KW - HEWL, hen egg-white lysozyme KW - HX, hydrogen exchange KW - Io, scattering intensity at zero angle KW - kinetics KW - P(r), pair distance distribution function KW - polyproline II KW - PPII, polyproline II KW - protein folding KW - Rg, radius of gyration KW - SAXS, small-angle X-ray scattering KW - small-angle X-ray scattering KW - Ub, ubiquitin N1 - Accession Number: 12739058; Jacob, Jaby 1,2 Krantz, Bryan 1 Dothager, Robin S. 1 Thiyagarajan, P. 2 Sosnick, Tobin R. 1,3; Email Address: trsosnic@midway.uchicago.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 2: Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA 3: Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 338 Issue 2, p369; Subject Term: DICHROISM; Subject Term: PROTEIN folding; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CIRCULAR dichroism; Author-Supplied Keyword: CD, circular dichroism; Author-Supplied Keyword: circular dichroism; Author-Supplied Keyword: csp, cold-shock protein; Author-Supplied Keyword: ctAcP, common-type acylphosphatase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dphysiological, physiological denatured state under low-denaturant conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: GdmCl, guanidinium chloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: HEWL, hen egg-white lysozyme; Author-Supplied Keyword: HX, hydrogen exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io, scattering intensity at zero angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: P(r), pair distance distribution function; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyproline II; Author-Supplied Keyword: PPII, polyproline II; Author-Supplied Keyword: protein folding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rg, radius of gyration; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAXS, small-angle X-ray scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: small-angle X-ray scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ub, ubiquitin; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.02.065 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12739058&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petrone, Paula M. AU - Garcia, Angel E. T1 - MHC–Peptide Binding is Assisted by Bound Water Molecules JO - Journal of Molecular Biology JF - Journal of Molecular Biology Y1 - 2004/04/23/ VL - 338 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 419 SN - 00222836 AB - Water plays an important role in determining the high affinity of epitopes to the class I MHC complex. To study the energy and dynamics of water interactions in the complex we performed molecular dynamics simulation of the class I MHC–HLA2 complex bound to the HIV reverse transcriptase epitope, ILKEPVHGV, and in the absence of the epitope. Each simulation was extended for 5 ns. We studied the processes of water penetration in the interface between MHC and peptide, and identified 14 water molecules that stay bound for periods longer than 1 ns in regions previously identified by crystallography. These water molecules in the interface perform definite “tasks” contributing to the binding energy: hydrogen bond bridges between MHC and peptide and filling empty spaces in the groove which enhance affinity without contributing to epitope specificity. We calculate the binding energy for interfacial water molecules and find that there is an overall gain in free energy resulting from the formation of water clusters at the epitope–MHC interface. Water molecules serving the task of filling empty spaces bind at the interface with a net gain in entropy, relative to their entropy in bulk. We conclude that water molecules at the interface play the role of active mediators in the MHC–peptide interaction, and might be responsible for the large binding affinity of the MHC complex to a large number of epitope sequences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAJOR histocompatibility complex KW - CELL organelles KW - NUCLEAR energy KW - ENTROPY KW - entropy driven binding KW - ER, endoplasmic reticulum KW - Gaussian model KW - HC, heavy chain KW - hydration free energy KW - MSD, mean-square displacement KW - PC, principal components KW - principal component analysis KW - water coordination N1 - Accession Number: 12739061; Petrone, Paula M. 1 Garcia, Angel E.; Email Address: angel@t10.lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, T-10 MS K710, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 338 Issue 2, p419; Subject Term: MAJOR histocompatibility complex; Subject Term: CELL organelles; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: entropy driven binding; Author-Supplied Keyword: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian model; Author-Supplied Keyword: HC, heavy chain; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydration free energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSD, mean-square displacement; Author-Supplied Keyword: PC, principal components; Author-Supplied Keyword: principal component analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: water coordination; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.02.039 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12739061&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Timchalk, Charles AU - Poet, Torka S. AU - Kousba, Ahmed A. AU - Campbell, James A. AU - Lin, Yuehe T1 - Noninvasive Biomonitoring Approaches to Determine Dosimetry and Risk Following Acute Chemical Exposure: Analysis of Lead or Organophosphate Insecticide in Saliva. JO - Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A JF - Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A Y1 - 2004/04/23/ VL - 67 IS - 8-10 M3 - Article SP - 635 EP - 650 SN - 15287394 AB - There is a need to develop approaches for assessing risk associated with acute exposures to a broad range of metals and chemical agents and to rapidly determine the potential implications to human health. Noninvasive biomonitoring approaches are being developed using reliable portable analytical systems to quantitate dosimetry utilizing readily obtainable body fluids, such as saliva. Saliva has been used to evaluate a broad range of biomarkers, drugs, and environmental contaminants, including heavy metals and pesticides. To advance the application of noninvasive biomonitoring a microfluidic/electrochemical device has also been developed for the analysis of lead (Pb), using square-wave anodic stripping voltametry. The system demonstrates a linear response over a broad concentration range (1-2000 ppb) and is capable of quantitating saliva Pb in rats orally administered acute doses of Pb acetate. Appropriate pharmacokinetic analyses have been used to quantitate systemic dosimetry based on determination of saliva Pb concentrations. In addition, saliva has recently been used to quantitate dosimetry following exposure to the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in a rodent model system by measuring the major metabolite, trichloropyridinol, and saliva cholinesterase inhibition following acute exposures. These results suggest that technology developed for noninvasive biomonitoring can provide a sensitive and portable analytical tool capable of assessing exposure and risk in real-time. By coupling these noninvasive technologies with pharmacokinetic modeling it is feasible to rapidly quantitate acute exposure to a broad range of chemical agents. In summary, it is envisioned that once fully developed, these monitoring and modeling approaches will be useful for evaluating acute exposure and health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BIOLOGICAL monitoring KW - HEALTH risk assessment KW - INSECTICIDES -- Physiological effect KW - DOSAGE of drugs KW - ORGANOPHOSPHORUS compounds KW - LEAD -- Physiological effect N1 - Accession Number: 12673745; Timchalk, Charles 1; Email Address: charles.timchalk@pnl.gov Poet, Torka S. 1 Kousba, Ahmed A. 1 Campbell, James A. 1 Lin, Yuehe 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 67 Issue 8-10, p635; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL monitoring; Subject Term: HEALTH risk assessment; Subject Term: INSECTICIDES -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: DOSAGE of drugs; Subject Term: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS compounds; Subject Term: LEAD -- Physiological effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12673745&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fan, Hongyou AU - Yang, Kai AU - Boye, Dabniel M. AU - Sigmon, Thomas AU - Malloy, Kevin J. AU - Xu, Huifang AU - López, Gabriel P. AU - Brinker, C. Jeffrey T1 - Self-Assembly of Ordered, Robust, Three-Dimensional GoldNanocrystal/Silica Arrays. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2004/04/23/ VL - 304 IS - 5670 M3 - Article SP - 567 EP - 571 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science SN - 00368075 AB - We report the synthesis of a new nanocrystal (NC) mesophase through self-assembly of water-soluble NC micelles with soluble silica. The mesophase comprises gold nanocrystals arranged within a silica matrix in a face-centered cubic lattice with cell dimensions that are adjustable through control of the nanocrystal diameter and/or the alkane chain lengths of the primary alkanethiol stabilizing ligands or the surrounding secondary surfactants. Under kinetically controlled silica polymerization conditions, evaporation drives self-assembly of NC micelles into ordered NC/silica thin-film mesophases during spin coating. The intermediate NC micelles are water soluble and of interest for biolabeling. Initial experiments on a metal-insulator-metal capacitor fabricated with an ordered three-dimensional gold nanocrystal/silica array as the "insulator" demonstrated collective Coulomb blockade behavior below 100 kelvin and established the current-voltage scaling relationship for a well-defined three-dimensional array of Coulomb islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SILICA KW - NANOCRYSTALS KW - THIN films KW - SILICON compounds KW - SURFACE active agents KW - COLLOIDS N1 - Accession Number: 13054730; Fan, Hongyou 1,2; Email Address: hfan@sandia.gov Yang, Kai 3 Boye, Dabniel M. 4 Sigmon, Thomas 3 Malloy, Kevin J. 3 Xu, Huifang 2 López, Gabriel P. 2 Brinker, C. Jeffrey 1,2; Email Address: cjbrink@sandia.gov; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Chemical Synthesis and Nanomaterials Department, Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA. 2: The University of New Mexico/ NSF Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. 3: Center for High Technology Materials, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. 4: Physics Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA.; Source Info: 4/23/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5670, p567; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Subject Term: SURFACE active agents; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3496 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13054730&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huang, Jianyu AU - Zhu, Yuntian T. AU - Alexander, David J. AU - Liao, Xiaozhou AU - Lowe, Terry C. AU - Asaro, Robert J. T1 - Development of repetitive corrugation and straightening JO - Materials Science & Engineering: A JF - Materials Science & Engineering: A Y1 - 2004/04/25/ VL - 371 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 35 SN - 09215093 AB - In this paper, we present recent developments in repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS), a new severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique. Two refinements of the original RCS method are presented and results are shown for commercial purity copper that illustrate the associated improvements in the effectiveness of nanostructuring. Second-generation tooling was implemented using a bench scale rolling mill for continuous processing of sheet and bar. We have found that this design does not produce enough plastic strain per RCS cycle for effective grain refinement prior to the formation and growth of fatigue cracks. Third-generation tooling was designed to process sheet and increase the amount of shear deformation per iteration. The third-generation tooling design introduced significant shear strain and was found to be effective in grain refinement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NANOSTRUCTURES KW - MATERIALS -- Fatigue KW - COPPER KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - Copper KW - Grain refinement KW - RCS KW - SPD N1 - Accession Number: 12837977; Huang, Jianyu 1; Email Address: jyhuang@lanl.gov Zhu, Yuntian T. 1 Alexander, David J. 1 Liao, Xiaozhou 1 Lowe, Terry C. 1 Asaro, Robert J. 2; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA 2: University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92903-0085, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 371 Issue 1/2, p35; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain refinement; Author-Supplied Keyword: RCS; Author-Supplied Keyword: SPD; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00114-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12837977&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allameh, S.M. AU - Lou, J. AU - Kavishe, F. AU - Buchheit, T. AU - Soboyejo, W.O. T1 - An investigation of fatigue in LIGA Ni MEMS thin films JO - Materials Science & Engineering: A JF - Materials Science & Engineering: A Y1 - 2004/04/25/ VL - 371 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 256 SN - 09215093 AB - This paper presents results of an experimental study of fatigue in LIGA Ni micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)/thin films produced by electroplating from a sulfamate bath at a current density of 50 mA/cm2. Following a brief description of microstructure and micro-tensile properties, the results of stress-life (S-N) experiments are presented for specimens with thicknesses of 70 and 270 μm. Specimens with the thicker cross-sections (270 μm thick) are shown to have comparable fatigue resistance to annealed bulk Ni in the as-plated condition. The thinner specimens (70 μm thick) have comparable fatigue resistance to hardened Ni, and better fatigue resistance than the thicker samples. The underlying fatigue fracture modes are elucidated via scanning electron microscopy. The implications of the results are then discussed for the failure analysis of LIGA Ni MEMS structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NICKEL KW - METALS -- Fatigue KW - THIN films KW - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems KW - Fatigue KW - Fracture modes KW - LIGA Ni MEMS KW - Stress-life experiments N1 - Accession Number: 12838007; Allameh, S.M. 1 Lou, J. 1 Kavishe, F. 2 Buchheit, T. 3 Soboyejo, W.O. 1; Email Address: soboyejo@princeton.edu; Affiliation: 1: Princeton Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 2: Metallurgy and Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900 Eldoret, Kenya 3: Mechanical Reliability and Modeling Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Mexico; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 371 Issue 1/2, p256; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture modes; Author-Supplied Keyword: LIGA Ni MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress-life experiments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.020 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12838007&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stolyarov, V.V. AU - Shuster, L.Sh. AU - Migranov, M.Sh. AU - Valiev, R.Z. AU - Zhu, Y.T. T1 - Reduction of friction coefficient of ultrafine-grained CP titanium JO - Materials Science & Engineering: A JF - Materials Science & Engineering: A Y1 - 2004/04/25/ VL - 371 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 313 SN - 09215093 AB - Friction coefficient is an important material property that affects the performance and service life of structural components that slide against each other. The frictional force consists of an adhesion force and a deformation force, producing an adhesion component and a deformation component of the friction coefficient. In this study, we compare the adhesion components of ultrafine-grained (UFG) Ti and coarse-grained (CG) Ti at temperatures from 25 to 800 °C and under a range of pressures. The UFG Ti samples were in two processing states: equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for eight passes andECAP+further cold rolling for 75% rolling strain. The experimental data indicate that ultrafine-grained structure results in lower adhesion component and consequently lower friction coefficient, which should in turn improve the wear property. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TITANIUM KW - FRICTION KW - ADHESION KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - Cold rolling KW - ECAP KW - Friction coefficient KW - Ti KW - UFG N1 - Accession Number: 12838013; Stolyarov, V.V. 1 Shuster, L.Sh. 1 Migranov, M.Sh. 1 Valiev, R.Z. 1 Zhu, Y.T. 2; Email Address: yzhu@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa 450000, K. Marksa 12, Russia 2: Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 371 Issue 1/2, p313; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: ADHESION; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold rolling; Author-Supplied Keyword: ECAP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Friction coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ti; Author-Supplied Keyword: UFG; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.026 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12838013&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mandal, Pranab AU - Thom, Andrew J. AU - Kramer, Matthew J. AU - Behrani, Vikas AU - Akinc, Mufit T1 - Oxidation behavior of Mo–Si–B alloys in wet air JO - Materials Science & Engineering: A JF - Materials Science & Engineering: A Y1 - 2004/04/25/ VL - 371 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 335 SN - 09215093 AB - The present work investigates the effect of water vapor on the oxidation behavior of Mo–Si–B phase assemblages. Three alloys were studied: Alloy 1: Mo5Si3Bx (T1)–MoSi2–MoB; Alloy 2: T1–Mo5SiB2 (T2)–Mo3Si and Alloy 3: Mo–T2–Mo3Si. Tests were conducted at 1000 and 1100 °C in controlled atmospheres of dry air and wet air nominally containing up to2.0×104 Pa H2O. The effect of moisture on the oxidation behavior of Mo–Si–B alloys has been reported for the first time. The initial mass loss of each alloy was approximately independent of the test temperature and moisture content of the atmosphere and varied according to the Mo content of the alloys. All alloys formed a continuous external glassy scale that protected against further mass change after volatilization of the initially formed MoO3. Each alloy underwent a small steady state mass change following the initial volatilization of MoO3. All alloys formed varying amounts of subscale Mo and MoO2, implying that the external glassy scale significantly reduced inward transport of oxygen. For all alloys compared to dry air, water vapor accelerated the growth of the multiphase Mo and MoO2 interlayer at the scale/alloy interface. The role of water vapor on the initial formation of the scale and its stabilization has been qualitatively discussed and analyzed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - OXIDATION KW - SILICON KW - ALLOYS KW - MOISTURE KW - Molybdenum silicides KW - Oxidation behavior KW - Structural/microstructural characterization KW - Wet air N1 - Accession Number: 12838016; Mandal, Pranab 1 Thom, Andrew J.; Email Address: ajthom@ameslab.gov Kramer, Matthew J. 1 Behrani, Vikas 1 Akinc, Mufit 1; Affiliation: 1: Ames Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 371 Issue 1/2, p335; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molybdenum silicides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural/microstructural characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wet air; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.025 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12838016&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chesnut, Gary N. AU - Streetman, Becky D. AU - Schiferl, David AU - Anderson, William W. AU - Nicol, Malcolm AU - Yue Meng T1 - Static X-Ray Diffraction Study of Cerium: The Standard Approach & the Magic-Angle Approach. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 37 EP - 40 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Cerium, a member of the rare earth metals, has been studied up to 300 kilobars in a diamond-anvil cell using energy- and angular-dispersive x-ray diffraction with a synchrotron source. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the electronic and structural behavior of cerium and to examine the effects of deviatoric stress due to non-hydrostatic conditions within the sample environment. Using the standard sample orientation and data from various orientations, the effects of deviatoric stress are shown. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CERIUM KW - BASTNAESITE KW - STATICS KW - X-rays KW - IONIZING radiation KW - OPTICAL diffraction N1 - Accession Number: 14020165; Chesnut, Gary N. 1 Streetman, Becky D. 1 Schiferl, David 1 Anderson, William W. 1 Nicol, Malcolm 2 Yue Meng 3; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 3: Argonne National Laboratory, HP-CAT, Argonne, Il 60439; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p37; Subject Term: CERIUM; Subject Term: BASTNAESITE; Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780178 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020165&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chisolm, Eric AU - Crockett, Scott AU - Wallace, Duane T1 - Variation of Thermal and Cold Curve Contributions to Thermodynamic Functions along the Hugoniot. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 41 EP - 44 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We have developed a technique for constructing two-phase EOS for simple metals using lattice dynamics, liquid dynamics, and electronic structure theory, and we have tested this technique by constructing an EOS for Aluminum valid up to compressions over two and temperatures up to five times melting temperature [Chisolm, Crockett, and Wallace, to appear in Phys. Rev. B]. Here we investigate the predictions of this EOS for the pressure, energy, and entropy along the Hugoniot up to roughly 5 Mbar, showing the relative contributions of the cold curve (T = 0 isotherm) and thermal part of the EOS to each function. We also comment on the possibility of taking data from different regions of the Hugoniot as tests of different terms in the EOS. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry KW - EQUATIONS of state KW - LATTICE dynamics KW - ELECTRONIC structure KW - ALUMINUM N1 - Accession Number: 14020164; Chisolm, Eric 1 Crockett, Scott 1 Wallace, Duane 1; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: LATTICE dynamics; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780179 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020164&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crockett, Scott AU - Chisolm, Eric AU - Wallace, Duane T1 - A Comparison of Theory and Experiment of the Bulk Sound Velocity in Aluminum Using a Two-Phase EOS. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 45 EP - 48 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We compute the bulk sound speed along the Hugoniot using a new solid-liquid two-phase equation of state (EOS) for aluminum [Chisolm, Crockett, and Wallace, to appear in Phys. Rev. B] and compare with experimental sound speeds from various sources. The experiment extends from the crystal through the entire solid-liquid two-phase region. The EOS and data closely agree on where the Hugoniot passes through the two-phase region, which corresponds to where aluminum melts. The bulk sound speed in the crystal region is consistent with the data, given the uncertainty in the experimental procedure. We also estimate shear moduli by using the experimental longitudinal sound speed data and the calculated bulk modulus. The shear modulus satisfies the approximation GS/BS=constant, within experimental error bars, throughout the crystal region on the Hugoniot. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPEED KW - THEORY KW - ALUMINUM KW - LIGHT metals KW - EQUATIONS of state KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry N1 - Accession Number: 14020163; Crockett, Scott 1 Chisolm, Eric 1 Wallace, Duane 1; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p45; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: THEORY; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: LIGHT metals; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780180 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020163&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Foiles, S. M. T1 - DFT Calculations of Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Molten Sn: Zero-Pressure Isobar. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 57 EP - 60 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The dynamic compression of molten metals including Sn is of current interest. In particular, experiments on the compression of molten Sn by Davis and Hayes will be described at this conference. Supporting calculations of the equation of state and structure of molten Sn as a function of temperature and pressure are in progress. The calculations presented are ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on electronic density functional theory within the local density approximation. The equation of state and liquid structure factors for zero pressure are compared with existing experimental results. The good agreement in this case provides validation of the calculations. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LIQUID metals KW - METALS KW - TIN KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry KW - ATMOSPHERIC pressure KW - PRESSURE N1 - Accession Number: 14020160; Foiles, S. M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM 87145; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p57; Subject Term: LIQUID metals; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: TIN; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: PRESSURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780183 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020160&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graf, Matthias J. AU - Greeff, Carl W. AU - Boettger, Jonathan C. T1 - High-Pressure Debye-Waller and Grüneisen Parameters of Gold and Copper. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 65 EP - 68 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The lattice vibrations are determined in the quasi-harmonic approximation for elemental Au and Cu to twice their normal density by first-principles electronic band-structure calculations. It is found for these materials that the important moments of the phonon density of states can be obtained to high accuracy from short-ranged force constant models. We discuss the implications for the Grüneisen parameters on the basis of calculated phonon moments and their approximations by using bulk moduli and Debye-Waller factors. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HIGH pressure (Science) KW - PRESSURE KW - GOLD KW - TRANSITION metals KW - COPPER KW - APPROXIMATION theory KW - FUNCTIONAL analysis N1 - Accession Number: 14020158; Graf, Matthias J. 1 Greeff, Carl W. 1 Boettger, Jonathan C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p65; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Science); Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: GOLD; Subject Term: TRANSITION metals; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780185 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020158&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knudson, M. D. AU - Hanson, D. L. AU - Bailey, J. E. AU - Hall, C. A. AU - Deeney, C. AU - Asay, J. R. T1 - Equation of State Measurements in Liquid Deuterium to 100 GPa. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 81 EP - 86 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Using intense magnetic pressure, a method was developed to launch flyer plates to velocities in excess of 20 km/s. This technique was used to perform plate-impact, shock wave experiments on cryogenic liquid deuterium (LD2) to examine its high-pressure equation of state (EOS). Using an impedance matching method, Hugoniot measurements were obtained in the pressure range of 22–100 GPa. The results of these experiments disagree with previously reported Hugoniot measurements of LD2 in the pressure range above ∼40 GPa, but are in good agreement with first principles, ab-initio models for hydrogen and its isotopes. Additionally, a novel approach was developed using a wave reverberation technique to probe density compression of LD2 along the principal Hugoniot. Relative transit times of shock waves reverberating within the sample are shown to be sensitive to the compression due to the first shock. Results in the range of 22–75 GPa corroborate the ∼4 fold density compression inferred from the impedance matching Hugoniot measurements, and provide data to differentiate between proposed theories for hydrogen and its isotopes. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DEUTERIUM KW - HYDROGEN isotopes KW - EQUATIONS KW - PRESSURE KW - MAGNETIC measurements KW - EQUATIONS of state KW - MATTER -- Properties KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry N1 - Accession Number: 14020154; Knudson, M. D. 1 Hanson, D. L. 1 Bailey, J. E. 1 Hall, C. A. 1 Deeney, C. 1 Asay, J. R. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NW 87185-1181; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p81; Subject Term: DEUTERIUM; Subject Term: HYDROGEN isotopes; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC measurements; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780189 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020154&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheng-Nian Luo AU - Swift, Damian C. AU - Tierney, Thomas AU - Kaiwen Xia AU - Tschauner, Oliver AU - Asimow, Paul D. T1 - Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Superheating-Melting of Crystals under Ultrafast Heating. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 95 EP - 98 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The maximum superheating of a solid prior to melting depends on the effective dimensionless nucleation energy barrier, heterogeneities such as free surfaces and defects, and heating rates. Superheating is rarely achieved with conventional slow heating due to the dominant effect of heterogeneous nucleation. In present work, we investigate the superheating-melting behavior of crystals utilizing ultrafast heating techniques such as exploding wire and laser irradiation, and diagnostics such as time-resolved X-ray diffraction combined with simultaneous measurements on voltage and current (for exploding wire) and particle velocity (for laser irradiation). Experimental designs and preliminary results are presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-rays KW - IONIZING radiation KW - OPTICAL diffraction KW - CRYSTALS KW - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY KW - HEATING N1 - Accession Number: 14020151; Sheng-Nian Luo 1 Swift, Damian C. 1 Tierney, Thomas 1 Kaiwen Xia 2 Tschauner, Oliver 3 Asimow, Paul D. 4; Affiliation: 1: P-24 Plasma Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 3: Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 4: GPS Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p95; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: HEATING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780192 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020151&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saumon, D. AU - Guillot, T. T1 - Shock Compression of Deuterium at Mbar Pressures and the Interior of Jupiter. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 115 EP - 118 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - It is of great interest to planetary science to understand how the current experimental uncertainty on the hydrogen EOS affects the inferred structure of Jupiter. In particular, the mass of a core of heavy elements (other than H and He) and the total amount and distribution of heavy elements are very sensitive to the EOS of hydrogen and constitute important clues to its formation process. We present a study of the range of structures allowed by the current uncertainty in the hydrogen EOS. We show that an improved experimental understanding of hydrogen at Mbar pressures is necessary to put firm limits on the internal structure of Jupiter. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DEUTERIUM KW - EQUATIONS of state KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry KW - MATTER -- Properties KW - HYDROGEN N1 - Accession Number: 14020146; Saumon, D. 1 Guillot, T. 2; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS F699, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, BP 4229, 06304 Nice CEDEX 04, FRANCE; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p115; Subject Term: DEUTERIUM; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780197 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020146&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Swift, Damian AU - Paisley, Dennis AU - Knudson, Marcus T1 - Equation of State Measurements for Beryllium in the ICF Capsule Regime. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 119 EP - 122 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The dynamic response of beryllium on nanosecond time scales is important for controlling symmetry during the implosion of the fuel capsule in inertial confinement fusion. Particularly important is the behavior up to about 200 GPa, covering the foot of the implosion drive. We have performed experiments to measure the equation of state (EOS) and flow stress of beryllium, and to investigate solid-solid phase transitions and melting, using flyer impact and isentropic compression by pulsed electromagnetic fields at Z, and shocks induced by direct laser irradiation at TRIDENT. The principal diagnostic was VISAR velocimetry; transient x-ray diffraction was also used on some TRIDENT experiments. The Hugoniot and isentrope data were consistent with previously-reported EOS. The flow stress was inferred from elastic precursor waves to be about 6 GPa in the (0001) direction on these time scales, with significant sensitivity to orientation. Possible evidence was observed of the hex-bcc transition and of melting. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BERYLLIUM KW - EQUATIONS of state KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry KW - MATTER -- Properties KW - ALKALINE earth metals N1 - Accession Number: 14020145; Swift, Damian 1 Paisley, Dennis 1 Knudson, Marcus 2; Affiliation: 1: P-24 Plasma Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p119; Subject Term: BERYLLIUM; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: ALKALINE earth metals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780198 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020145&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Mashimo, T. AU - Fukuoka, K. AU - Kikuchi, M. AU - Sekine, T. AU - Kobayashi, T. AU - Chau, R. AU - Nellis, W. J. T1 - Hugoniot-Measurement of GGG (Gd3Ga5O12) in the Pressure Range up to over 100 GPa. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 127 EP - 128 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd3Ga5O12: GGG) is expected to have very high shock-impedance compared with sapphire (Al2O3), etc., and thus to be used as a potential new anvil material in shock reverberation experiments on hydrogen and other low-Z materials. In this study, the Hugoniot-measurement experiments were performed using both a powder gun and two-stage gas guns in the pressure range to 100 GPa by means of the inclined-mirror method. The HEL stress was measured to be larger than 30 GPa. A kink was observed on the Hugoniot in the pressure range higher than 60 GPa, which might be caused by structural phase transition or decomposition. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PHYSICS experiments KW - GADOLINIUM KW - GARNET KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) KW - STATISTICAL physics KW - RESEARCH KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020143; Zhang, Y. 1 Mashimo, T. 1 Fukuoka, K. 2 Kikuchi, M. 2 Sekine, T. 3 Kobayashi, T. 3 Chau, R. 4 Nellis, W. J. 4; Affiliation: 1: Shockwave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860, Japan 2: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan 3: National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan 4: University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 EastAve., Livermore, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p127; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Subject Term: GADOLINIUM; Subject Term: GARNET; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: STATISTICAL physics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780200 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020143&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hare, D. E. AU - Reisman, D. B. AU - Garcia, F. AU - Green, L. G. AU - Forbes, J. W. AU - Furnish, M. D. AU - Hall, Clint AU - Hickman, R. J. T1 - The Isentrope of Unreacted LX-04 to 170 kbar. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 145 EP - 148 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We present new data on the unreacted approximate isentrope of the HMX-based explosive LX-04, measured to 170 kbar, using newly developed long pulse isentropic compression techniques at the Sandia National Laboratories Z Machine facility. This study extends in pressure by 70% the previous state of the art on unreacted LX-04 using this technique. This isentrope will give the unreacted Hugoniot from thermodynamic relations using a Gruneisen equation of state model. The unreacted Hugoniot of LX-04 is important in understanding the structure of the reaction front in the detonating explosive. We find that a Hugoniot given by US = 2.95 km/s + 1.69 uP yields for an isentrope a curve which fits our LX-04 ICE data well. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - PHYSICS KW - SANDIA National Laboratories N1 - Accession Number: 14020139; Hare, D. E. 1 Reisman, D. B. 1 Garcia, F. 1 Green, L. G. 1 Forbes, J. W. 1 Furnish, M. D. 2 Hall, Clint 2 Hickman, R. J. 2; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 2: Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p145; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Company/Entity: SANDIA National Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780204 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020139&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sewell, Thomas D. AU - Menikoff, Ralph T1 - Complete Equation of State for β-HMX and Implications for Initiation. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 157 EP - 160 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A thermodynamically consistent equation of state for β-HMX, the stable ambient polymorph of HMX, is developed that fits isothermal compression data and the temperature dependence of the specific heat computed from molecular dynamics. The equation of state is used to assess hot-spot conditions that would result from hydrodynamic pore collapse in a shock-to-detonation transition. The hot-spot temperature is determined as a function of shock strength by solving two Riemann problems in sequence: first for the velocity and density of the jet formed when the shock overtakes the pore, and second for the stagnation state when the jet impacts the far side of the pore. For a shock pressure below 5 GPa, the stagnation temperature from the jet is below the melt temperature at ambient pressure and hence insufficient for rapid reaction. Consequently, for weak shocks a dissipation mechanism in addition to shock heating is needed to generate hot spots. When the stagnation temperature is sufficiently high for rapid reaction, the shock emanating from the hot spot is computed, assuming a constant volume burn. For initial shocks below 20 GPa, the temperature behind the second shock is below 1000 K and would not propagate a detonation wave. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EQUATIONS of state KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry KW - MATTER -- Properties KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020136; Sewell, Thomas D. 1 Menikoff, Ralph 1; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, MS-B214, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p157; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780207 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020136&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davis, Jean-Paul AU - Hayes, Dennis B. T1 - Isentropic Compression Experiments on Dynamic Solidification in Tin. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 163 EP - 166 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Isentropic compression experiments were performed on molten tin (initial temperature 500–600 K), using the Sandia Z Accelerator to generate magnetically driven, planar ramp waves compressing the tin across the equilibrium liquid-solid phase boundary. Velocity interferometry measured time-resolved wave profiles at the tin/window interface. The experiments exhibit a departure from expected liquid response, time-dependent behavior above 8 GPa, and, at higher pressure, reduced wave speed relative to calculations using a nonequilibrium phase-mixture model. These phenomena may be due to a nonequilibrium solidification process, but verification of this conjecture will require further work. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOLIDIFICATION KW - THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium KW - CHEMICAL equilibrium KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - INTERFEROMETRY KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020135; Davis, Jean-Paul 1 Hayes, Dennis B. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p163; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780208 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020135&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheng-Nian Luo AU - Ahrens, Thomas J. AU - Swift, Damian C. T1 - Melting at the Limit of Superheating. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 172 EP - 175 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Theories on superheating-melting mostly involve vibrational and mechanical instabilities, catastrophes of entropy, volume and rigidity, and nucleation-based kinetic models. The maximum achievable superheating is dictated by nucleation process of melt in crystals, which in turn depends on material properties and heating rates. We have established the systematics for maximum superheating by incorporating a dimensionless nucleation barrier parameter and heating rate, with which systematic molecular dynamics simulations and dynamic experiments are consistent. Detailed microscopic investigation with large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of the superheating-melting process, and structure-resolved ultrafast dynamic experiments are necessary to establish the connection between the kinetic limit of superheating and vibrational and mechanical instabilities, and catastrophe theories. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SUPERHEATERS KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - ENTROPY KW - DYNAMICS KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020133; Sheng-Nian Luo 1 Ahrens, Thomas J. 2 Swift, Damian C. 1; Affiliation: 1: P-24 Plasma Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p172; Subject Term: SUPERHEATERS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780210 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020133&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Samara, G. A. T1 - From Ferroelectric to Quantum Paraelectric: KTa1-xNbxO3 (KTN), A Model System. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 176 EP - 179 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The mixed perovskite oxides KTa1-xNbxO3, or KTN, are a model system for studying ferroelectric behavior and phase transitions under pressure. Crystals with x > 0.1 exhibit ferroelectric soft-mode behavior and a sequence of phase transitions, while for x ≤ 0.02 a pressure-induced ferroelectric-to-relaxor crossover occurs. The system also exhibits a pressure-induced crossover from classical-to-quantum behavior ultimately leading to the complete suppression of the phase transition and the formation of a quantum paraelectric state. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FERROELECTRICITY KW - FERROELECTRIC crystals KW - POLARIZATION (Electricity) KW - CRYSTALS -- Electric properties KW - DIELECTRICS KW - CRYSTALS N1 - Accession Number: 14020132; Samara, G. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p176; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC crystals; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: CRYSTALS -- Electric properties; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780211 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020132&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Setchell, R. E. AU - Tuttle, B. A. AU - Voigt, J. A. T1 - Microstructural Effects on the Shock Response of PZT 95/5. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 180 EP - 183 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Shock-induced depoling of the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 95/5 is utilized in pulsed power devices. The bulk density and corresponding porous microstructure can be varied by adding different types and quantities of organic pore formers prior to bisque firing and sintering. In previous studies, a baseline material having a particular microstructure was examined in detail. Comparative experiments with a second material having a common density but a very different porous microstructure showed only subtle differences in mechanical and electrical shock properties. However, large differences in these properties were observed using materials prepared over a range of bulk densities. Recent studies have examined three new materials that were prepared at a common density matching that of the baseline material. Each was made using spherical pore formers having diameters within a narrow range, with nominal diameters varying from 15 μm to 140 μm. Normally poled samples of each material were used in identical planar impact experiments that produced peak stresses of 2.5 GPa under high-field conditions, or 4.5 GPa under short-circuit conditions. Unlike previous comparisons of common-density materials, consistent trends were evident in depoling currents, wave rise times and amplitudes, and yielding thresholds. Overall differences between two of these materials and the baseline material were relatively small, but the material made with the smallest pore former showed significant differences. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FERROELECTRIC crystals KW - PULSED power systems KW - POROUS materials KW - SINTERING KW - POWDER metallurgy KW - IRON metallurgy N1 - Accession Number: 14020131; Setchell, R. E. 1 Tuttle, B. A. 1 Voigt, J. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p180; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC crystals; Subject Term: PULSED power systems; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: SINTERING; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: IRON metallurgy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780212 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020131&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bardenhagen, S. G. AU - Greening, D. R. AU - Roessig, K. M. T1 - The Material Point Method and Simulation of Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous Media. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 187 EP - 192 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The mechanical response of polycrystalline materials, particularly under shock loading, is of significant interest in a variety of munitions and industrial applications. Homogeneous continuum models have been developed to describe material response, including Equation of State, strength, and reactive burn models. These models provide good estimates of bulk material response. However, there is little connection to underlying physics and, consequently, they cannot be applied far from their calibrated regime with confidence. Both explosives and metals have important structure at the (energetic or single crystal) grain scale. The anisotropic properties of the individual grains and the presence of interfaces result in the localization of energy during deformation. In explosives energy localization can lead to initiation under weak shock loading, and in metals to material ejecta under strong shock loading. To develop accurate, quantitative and predictive models it is imperative to develop a sound physical understanding of the grain-scale material response. Numerical simulations are performed to gain insight into grain-scale material response. The Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method family of numerical algorithms, selected for their robust treatment of large deformation problems and convenient framework for implementing material interface models, are reviewed. A three-dimensional simulation of wave propagation through a granular material indicates the scale and complexity of a representative grain-scale computation. Verification and validation calculations on model bimaterial systems indicate the minimum numerical algorithm complexity required for accurate simulation of wave propagation across material interfaces and demonstrate the importance of interfacial decohesion. Preliminary results are presented which predict energy localization at the grain boundary in a metallic bicrystal. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - POLYCRYSTALS KW - CRYSTALS KW - NUMERICAL analysis KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020130; Bardenhagen, S. G. 1 Greening, D. R. 2 Roessig, K. M. 3; Affiliation: 1: Group T14, MS B214, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Group X7, MS F699, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 3: Fraunhofer Institut für Kurzzeit Dynamik, ErnstMachInstitute, 4 Eckerstrasse, D79104 Freiburg; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p187; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780213 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020130&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Greeff, C. W. AU - Rigg, P. A. AU - Knudson, M. D. AU - Hixson, R. S. AU - Gray III, G. T. T1 - Modeling Dynamic Phase Transitions in Ti and Zr. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 209 EP - 212 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Both Ti and Zr exhibit phase transitions from the α (hcp) to the ω phase at pressures of a few GPa. In addition, the Hugoniot of Zr shows a second phase transition at 23 GPa. We have developed multi-phase equations of state for these metals based on ultrasonic, static compression, and shock data. The second transition in Zr is consistent with a phase diagram in which the high-temperature and high-pressure bcc phases are a single continuous phase. Time-resolved experiments using plate impact and continuous magnetic loading are compared to simulations to investigate the kinetics of these phase transitions. Strong kinetic effects are observed in the α - ω transition in both metals, with the dynamic phase transition observed at pressures well above the equilibrium phase boundary. Data on Zr samples of varied purity are consistent with a strong reduction of the transformation rate by impurities. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - METALLURGY KW - ULTRASONICS KW - STATICS KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - DYNAMICS KW - HIGH pressure (Science) KW - EFFECT of high temperatures on metals N1 - Accession Number: 14020125; Greeff, C. W. 1 Rigg, P. A. 1 Knudson, M. D. 2 Hixson, R. S. 1 Gray III, G. T. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p209; Subject Term: METALLURGY; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Science); Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on metals; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780218 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020125&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Greening, D. R. AU - Koskelo, A. T1 - Calculation of Grain Boundary Shock Interactions. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 213 EP - 216 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - As part of a larger project into the interactions of shock with grain boundaries, calculations that show a localization of energy in some configurations were performed. The verification and prediction of these localizations become important, due to their role in the initiation of a variety of significant material process. The prototype problem is a single grain boundary, inclined to the direction of shock propagation, separating regions of differing orientation. The calculations are made with a finite volume code using a continuum material model with explicit elastic, and plastic anisotropy. The response of NiAl is simulated using material property data from published sources, and from new experiments performed as part of the over-all project. The localization is seen internally as a small region of higher pressure at the intersection of the shock and the grain boundary. At the breakout surface the localization becomes manifest in velocity and displacement excursions at the grain boundary. This surface phenomenon provides an observable that can be used, with planned experiments, to validate the predictive behavior of the model. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - SHOCK waves KW - FORCE & energy KW - STRENGTH of materials KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - DYNAMICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020124; Greening, D. R. 1 Koskelo, A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Material Sciences Group, Applied Physics Division 2: Advanced Diagnostics and Instrumentation Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p213; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780219 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020124&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ivanov, Dmitriy S. AU - Zhigilei, Leonid V. AU - Bringa, Eduardo M. AU - De Koning, Maurice AU - Remington, Bruce A. AU - Caturla, Maria Jose AU - Pollaine, Stephen M. T1 - Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Shocks Including Electronic Heat Conduction and Electron-Phonon Coupling. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 225 EP - 228 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Shocks are often simulated using the classical molecular dynamics (MD) method in which the electrons are not included explicitly and the interatomic interaction is described by an effective potential. As a result, the fast electronic heat conduction in metals and the coupling between the lattice vibrations and the electronic degrees of freedom can not be represented. Under conditions of steep temperature gradients that can form near the shock front, however, the electronic heat conduction can play an important part in redistribution of the thermal energy in the shocked target. We present the first atomistic simulation of a shock propagation including the electronic heat conduction and electron-phonon coupling. The computational model is based on the two-temperature model (TTM) that describes the time evolution of the lattice and electron temperatures by two coupled non-linear differential equations. In the combined TTM-MD method, MD substitutes the TTM equation for the lattice temperature. Simulations are performed with both MD and TTM-MD models for an EAM Al target shocked at 300 kbar. The target includes a tilt grain boundary, which provides a region where shock heating is more pronounced and, therefore, the effect of the electronic heat conduction is expected to be more important. We find that the differences between the predictions of the MD and TTM-MD simulations are significantly smaller as compared to the hydrodynamics calculations performed at similar conditions with and without electronic heat conduction. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - ELECTRONS KW - HEAT conduction KW - EFFECT of high temperatures on metals KW - ELECTRON-phonon interactions N1 - Accession Number: 14020121; Ivanov, Dmitriy S. 1 Zhigilei, Leonid V. 1 Bringa, Eduardo M. 2 De Koning, Maurice 2 Remington, Bruce A. 2 Caturla, Maria Jose 2 Pollaine, Stephen M. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p225; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on metals; Subject Term: ELECTRON-phonon interactions; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780222 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020121&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kadau, K. AU - Germann, T. C. AU - Lomdahl, P. S. AU - Holian, B. L. AU - Cherne, F. J. T1 - Atomistic Simulations of Shock-Induced Phase Transitions. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 229 EP - 234 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We report on large scale non-equilibrium atomistic simulations of shock-induced solid-solid phase transformations. As an example the α → ε transformation in iron and the A11 (GaI)→cI12 (GaII) transformation in gallium are discussed. The use of semi-empirical descriptions of the inter-atomic forces and today’s parallel computing resources allow for a quantitative comparison of the theoretically calculated data with the experimental results. The discussion will include the crystallographic orientation dependence on the transformation process in single crystals. Simulations containing several millions of iron atoms reveal that above a critical shock strength, many small close-packed grains nucleate in the shock-compressed bcc crystal. For shock waves in the [001] direction the initially small grains are growing on a picosecond time scale to form larger, energetically favored, grains. For the two other major crystallographic directions, here the annealing processes are slower and and have not finished within the time scales accessible with atomistic simulations (up to 50 ps). Furthermore, crystals shocked in [111] direction produce solitary waves ahead of the actual shock front. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NUCLEAR energy KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - ATOMS KW - SOLIDS KW - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY KW - CRYSTALS KW - SHOCK waves N1 - Accession Number: 14020120; Kadau, K. 1 Germann, T. C. 1 Lomdahl, P. S. 1 Holian, B. L. 1 Cherne, F. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p229; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780223 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020120&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koskelo, A. AU - Greenfield, Scott AU - Greening, Doran AU - Swift, Damian T1 - New Windows into Shocks at the Mesoscale. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 239 EP - 242 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - This paper presents experimental observation and modeling of time dependent energy localization occurring when a shock propagates along and through a grain boundary. This work is part of a larger program of investigation of the effect of grain boundaries on shock propagation in materials. The project is initially focused on the simplest of materials: a bicrystal. Our study covers the effects of grain orientation, the grain boundary angle, the boundary region, shock properties and the interplay between these in determining the characteristics of shock propagation. Ultimately, we will use this information as a basis for incorporation into models of polycrystalline materials. Some of the physics found in polycrystals is absent, but the use of simple, well-defined samples allows thorough measurements to be made. Laser-based experiments and diagnostics are used throughout, permitting us to perform the many experiments required in an economical way. NiAl was chosen as a suitable anisotropic material; single crystal and bicrystal samples were prepared. The EOS and single-crystal elasticity were estimated with ab fere initio quantum mechanics. Laser flyer impact and direct drive experiments, coupled with line-imaging VISAR, were used to test and refine the EOS, and to measure crystal plasticity. Initial models of bicrystals under shock loading have been developed, shock experiments have been conducted on bicrystals and recovered samples have been analyzed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MATERIALS KW - STRENGTH of materials KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - CRYSTALLINE electric field KW - CRYSTALS N1 - Accession Number: 14020118; Koskelo, A. 1 Greenfield, Scott 1 Greening, Doran 2 Swift, Damian 3; Affiliation: 1: Advanced Diagnostics and Instrumentation Group, Chemistry Division 2: Material Sciences Group, Applied Physics Division 3: Plasma Physics Group, Physics Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p239; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: CRYSTALLINE electric field; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780225 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020118&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reed, Evan J. AU - Fried, Laurence E. AU - Manaa, M. Riad AU - Joannopoulos, J. D. T1 - A Method for Tractable Dynamical Studies of Single and Double Shock Compression. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 259 EP - 262 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A new multi-scale simulation method is formulated for the study of shocked materials. The method combines molecular dynamics and the Euler equations for compressible flow. Treatment of the difficult problem of the spontaneous formation of multiple shock waves due to material instabilities is enabled with this approach. The method allows the molecular dynamics simulation of the system under dynamical shock conditions for orders of magnitude longer time periods than is possible using the popular non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) approach. An example calculation is given for a model potential for silicon in which a computational speedup of 105 is demonstrated. Results of these simulations are consistent with the recent experimental observation of an anomalously large elastic precursor on the nanosecond timescale. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONDENSED matter KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - SHOCK waves KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020113; Reed, Evan J. 1 Fried, Laurence E. 2 Manaa, M. Riad 2 Joannopoulos, J. D. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 2: Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p259; Subject Term: CONDENSED matter; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780230 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020113&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cherne, F. J. AU - Baskes, M. I. AU - Germann, T. C. AU - Ravelo, R. J. AU - Kadau, K. T1 - Shock Hugoniot and Melt Curve for a Modified Embedded Atom Method Model of Gallium. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 281 EP - 284 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed on the complex material gallium using a literature modified embedded atom method (MEAM) potentials which reproduces the unusual behavior of this element. Both liquid and solid properties will be examined using the equilibrium MD “Hugoniostat” method and molecular statics. The calculated pressure dependence of the melt curve is found to agree well with experiment. The calculated Hugoniot is in reasonable agreement with the experimental Hugoniot EOS even better agreement can be obtained through a slight modification of the MEAM parameters. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - DYNAMICS KW - GALLIUM (Metal) KW - CHEMICAL elements N1 - Accession Number: 14020108; Cherne, F. J. 1 Baskes, M. I. 1 Germann, T. C. 1 Ravelo, R. J. 1,2 Kadau, K. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Department of Physics, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p281; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: GALLIUM (Metal); Subject Term: CHEMICAL elements; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780235 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020108&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Germann, Timothy C. AU - Hammerberg, James E. AU - Holian, Brad Lee T1 - Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ejecta Formation in Copper. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 285 EP - 288 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the ejection of matter which takes place when a planar shock wave encounters a free surface. We will focus on Cu fcc single crystals, using an empirical embedded-atom method interatomic potential, and present results for the ejecta mass dependence on shock strength, as well as size and velocity distributions. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - SHOCK waves KW - FREE surfaces (Crystallography) KW - COPPER KW - MATTER N1 - Accession Number: 14020107; Germann, Timothy C. 1 Hammerberg, James E. 1 Holian, Brad Lee 2; Affiliation: 1: Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p285; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: FREE surfaces (Crystallography); Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: MATTER; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780236 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020107&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kress, J. D. AU - Mazevet, S. AU - Collins, L. A. AU - Blottiau, P. T1 - Quantum Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Shocked Molecular Liquids. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 289 EP - 292 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Using Quantum Molecular Dynamics, we study the dissociation of nitrogen oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) along both the principal and reshocked Hugoniots. We obtain good agreement with experimental data in terms of pressure and density. As the molecules dissociate at high pressure and temperatures, we characterize the myriad of species that form. As NO dissociates along both the principal and reshocked Hugoniot, a significant amount of molecular nitrogen forms. As CO dissociates along the principal Hugoniot, first at low pressures, CO2 forms and large particles form (both polymer chains and rings) that contain both carbon and oxygen. At higher pressures (above 30 GPa), the CO2 dissociates and the particles breakup and form a mixture of CO, atomic carbon, and small transient clusters with lifetimes less than a typical molecular vibrational period. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - CONDENSED matter KW - NITROGEN oxides KW - CARBON monoxide KW - NITROGEN N1 - Accession Number: 14020106; Kress, J. D. 1 Mazevet, S. 1 Collins, L. A. 1 Blottiau, P. 2; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: CEA, BP12 F91680, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p289; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: CONDENSED matter; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: NITROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780237 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020106&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mazevet, S. AU - Kress, J. D. AU - Magee, N. H. AU - Keady, J. J. AU - Collins, L. A. T1 - Quantum Molecular Dynamics Calculations of Rosseland Mean Opacities. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 293 EP - 297 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We show that Quantum Molecular Dynamics provides a powerful tool to extend and benchmark current opacity libraries into the complex regime of warm dense matter. In this regime, the medium can be constituted of electrons, protons, atoms and molecules, while plasma and many body effects can not be treated as perturbations. Among the most notable features of this new approach for calculating Rosseland mean opacities is the ability to obtain a consistent set of material, optical and electrical properties for various mixtures from the same simulation. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - QUANTUM theory KW - CONDENSED matter KW - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020105; Mazevet, S. 1 Kress, J. D. 1 Magee, N. H. 1 Keady, J. J. 1 Collins, L. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p293; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: CONDENSED matter; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780238 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020105&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Patel, Mehul V. AU - Streitz, Frederick H. T1 - Simulations of Rapid Pressure-Induced Solidification in Molten Metals. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 298 EP - 301 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The process of interest in this study is the solidification of a molten metal subjected to rapid pressurization. Most details about solidification occurring when the liquid-solid coexistence line is suddenly transversed along the pressure axis remain unknown. We present preliminary results from an ongoing study of this process for both simple models of metals (Cu) and more sophisticated material models (MGPT potentials for Ta). Atomistic (molecular dynamics) simulations are used to extract details such as the time and length scales that govern these processes. Starting with relatively simple potential models, we demonstrate how molecular dynamics can be used to study solidification. Local and global order parameters that aid in characterizing the phase have been identified, and the dependence of the solidification time on the phase space distance between the final (P,T) state and the coexistence line has been characterized. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOLIDIFICATION KW - LIQUID metals KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - PRESSURE KW - PHASE space (Statistical physics) KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020104; Patel, Mehul V. 1 Streitz, Frederick H. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-045, 7000 East Ave, Livermore CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p298; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: LIQUID metals; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: PHASE space (Statistical physics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780239 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020104&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chitanvis, Shirish M. T1 - Hotspot Mechanisms in Shock-Melted Explosives. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 319 EP - 322 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - This report is a review of various initiation mechanisms in shock-melted explosives. This paper focuses on pre-ignition phenomena which cause a local temperature rise when a single void in HMX collapses under the action of a shock wave. Working in the melting regime, a timeline can be associated with the collapse of a single void, through a consideration of the time scales on which these mechanisms are activated. We have studied the hydrodynamic mechanism, in which the shock driven incident side of the void impinges on the shadow side of the void, and is brought to rest, causing a considerable temperature rise in the HMX. Clearly this mechanism comes into consideration after the void collapses completely. Another mechanism we studied is that of shear heating. It is important for extremely small voids, or for large voids after the void has been compressed to a sufficiently small scale. This mechanism comes into play after the void has collapsed, and a remnants of the void have been spun off into a vortex. The phenomenon of gas compression as the gas-filled void collapses is difficult to ignore, in view of the fact that large temperatures are generated by this mechanism. We speculate that this mechanism could be important if the initial, endothermic induction step in a reaction scheme is shorter than the time of collapse. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - TEMPERATURE KW - SHOCK waves KW - FUSION (Phase transformation) KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - HEATING KW - INDUCTION heating N1 - Accession Number: 14020100; Chitanvis, Shirish M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p319; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: FUSION (Phase transformation); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: INDUCTION heating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780243 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020100&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fried, Laurence E. AU - Reed, Evan J. AU - Manaa, M. Riad T1 - Simulations of Fluid Nitromethane under Extreme Conditions. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 327 EP - 330 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We report density functional molecular dynamics simulations to determine the early chemical events of hot (T = 3000 K) and dense (1.97 g/cm3, V/V0 = 0.68) nitromethane (CH3NO2). The first step in the decomposition process is an intermolecular proton abstraction mechanism that leads to the formation of CH3NO2H and the aci ion H2CNO2-, in support of evidence from static high-pressure and shock experiments. An intramolecular hydrogen transfer that transforms nitromethane into the aci acid form, CH2NO2H, accompanies this event. This is the first confirmation of chemical reactivity with bond selectivity for an energetic material near the condition of fully reacted specimen. We also report the decomposition mechanism followed up to the formation of H2O as the first stable product. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - DENSITY functionals KW - NITROMETHANE KW - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry) KW - INTERMOLECULAR forces KW - SHOCK waves N1 - Accession Number: 14020098; Fried, Laurence E. 1 Reed, Evan J. 2 Manaa, M. Riad 1; Affiliation: 1: L-282, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 2: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p327; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: NITROMETHANE; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: INTERMOLECULAR forces; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780245 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020098&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamate, Y. AU - Horie, Y. T1 - A Statistical Approach on Mechanistic Modeling of High-Explosive Ignition. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 335 EP - 338 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - This paper presents the development of a mechanistic reactive burn model for solid explosives through use of a size distribution function for hotspots. The model couples the unifying hot-spot model developed earlier and the Lagrangian hydrodynamic flow equations. The hot-spot model incorporates key features of energy localization without introducing the mechanism-specific traits and is applicable to the three primary mechanisms of energy localization: pore collapse, friction. and shear banding. The coupling of the model to the hydrodynamic flow equations include models for energy localization, the growth of hot spots, and a two-phase aggregation of distributed hot spots, and a mixing rule for a product gas and a reacting solid. Proof-of-concept calculations for shock initiation are carried out in one spatial dimension, using RDX as a model material. Results include (1) shock ignition and growth-to-detonation, and (2) quenching. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) KW - LAGRANGE equations KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - SHOCK waves KW - MATERIALS N1 - Accession Number: 14020096; Hamate, Y. 1 Horie, Y. 1; Affiliation: 1: Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p335; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: LAGRANGE equations; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: MATERIALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780247 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020096&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heuzé, O. AU - Martinez, E. AU - Szarzynski, S. AU - Mulford, R. AU - Swift, D. C. T1 - Reactive Flow in Nitromethane Using the CW2 Equation of State. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 339 EP - 342 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The CW2 Equation of State (EoS) has been found to reproduce equilibrium chemistry predictions of thermodynamic states in the reaction products of explosives, and is also capable of representing unreacted material. Partially-reacted mixtures can then be represented by interpolating parameters in the EoS. Here we present CW2 EoS for nitromethane, unreacted and products. Reaction rate parameters in a two-step Arrhenius model were calibrated to reproduce single-shock initiation properties. Predictions were then made of initiation from a reflected shock, and compared with recent experimental data. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EQUATIONS of state KW - EQUILIBRIUM KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - NITROMETHANE KW - ARRHENIUS equation N1 - Accession Number: 14020095; Heuzé, O. 1 Martinez, E. 1 Szarzynski, S. 1 Mulford, R. 2 Swift, D. C. 2; Affiliation: 1: CEA/DIF, B.P.I2, 91680Bruyeres-le-Chdtel, France 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p339; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: NITROMETHANE; Subject Term: ARRHENIUS equation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780248 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020095&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Howe, Philip M. AU - Benson, David J. T1 - Progress in the Development of a Shock Initiation Model. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 343 EP - 346 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We used an Eulerian hydrocode to guide the development of an engineering model of shock initiation. The model in its current form has two types of hotspots- one from void collapse, and one from interactions at grain boundaries. The dependence of hotspot and bulk temperatures upon shock strength is estimated using a Gruneisen equation of state for the bulk solid, calibrated against measurements of reaction times for steady state detonation. Arrhenius kinetics are used to predict ignition times associated with hotspot temperatures. The hotspots contribute a small amount of energy to the shock front, thereby causing some shock front acceleration, and also serve to initiate erosive burning. The two erosive burn reactions that result from the two different types of hotspots compete to consume the material. The energy release rate resulting from the competition of these reactions was used as input to a method of characteristics code. This in turn was used to calculate particle velocity — time profiles at various simulated gauge locations. These calculated profiles were compared with experiment. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ENGINEERING models KW - SHOCK waves KW - TEMPERATURE KW - EQUATIONS of state KW - BULK solids KW - ARRHENIUS equation KW - DYNAMICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020094; Howe, Philip M. 1 Benson, David J. 2; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Univ. of Calif. San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p343; Subject Term: ENGINEERING models; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: BULK solids; Subject Term: ARRHENIUS equation; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780249 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020094&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, J. N. AU - Dolan, D. H. AU - Howe, P. M. T1 - EOS of Mixtures: Phase Transformation and Explosive Reaction. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 347 EP - 350 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Mixture equations of state are developed to model the freezing of water to ice VII, and the transformation of solid explosive reactants to gaseous reaction products. In each case there is a single reaction variable, w, the mass fraction of the initial phase, that proceeds from unity (initial phase, i=1) to zero (second phase, i=2). Common temperature and pressure between the two phases is assumed. Each phase is also assumed to be represented in terms of pi(Vi,T) and ei(Vi,T), where pi, Vi, T, and ei are the pressure, specific volume, temperature, and specific internal energy, respectively. Three independent equations are formed: (1) p1 = p2; (2) wV1 + (1-w)V2 = V; and (3) we1 + (1-w)e2 = e. These equations determine V1, V2, and T given the total specific volume V, the total specific internal energy e, and w. Three specific forms for pi(Vi,T) and ei(Vi,T) are used. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MIXTURES KW - EQUATIONS KW - ICE KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - TEMPERATURE KW - PRESSURE N1 - Accession Number: 14020093; Johnson, J. N. 1 Dolan, D. H. 1 Howe, P. M. 2; Affiliation: 1: Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p347; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780250 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020093&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaneshige, M. J. AU - Renlund, A. M. AU - Schmitt, R. G. AU - Erikson, W. W. T1 - Development of Scalable Cook-Off Models Using Real-Time In Situ Measurements. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 351 EP - 354 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Scalable thermal runaway models for cook-off of energetic materials (EMs) require realistic temperature- and pressure-dependent chemical reaction rates. The Sandia Instrumented Thermal Ignition apparatus was developed to provide in situ small-scale test data that address this model requirement. Spatially and temporally resolved internal temperature measurements have provided new insight into the energetic reactions occurring in PBX 9501, LX-10-2, and PBXN-109. The data have shown previously postulated reaction steps to be incorrect and suggest previously unknown reaction steps. Model adjustments based on these data have resulted in better predictions at a range of scales. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MATERIALS KW - TEMPERATURE KW - PRESSURE KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - SMALL scale system KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020092; Kaneshige, M. J. 1 Renlund, A. M. 1 Schmitt, R. G. 1 Erikson, W. W. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p351; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: SMALL scale system; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780251 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020092&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Libersky, L. D. AU - Randles, P. W. AU - Bourne, Neil AU - Vignjevic, Rade T1 - Simulation of Void Collapse in Ammonium Nitrate Using a Meshfree Lagrangian Particle Method. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 371 EP - 374 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A meshfree Lagrangian particle code is used to simulate void collapse in Ammonium Nitrate. A 4.3 GPa shock is introduced into the emulsion through impact with a PMMA flyer traveling at 2 mm/μs. The jet created by the shock-induced void collapse is examined, and the temperature in the region where the jet impacts the opposite side of the void is estimated. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MESHFREE methods (Numerical analysis) KW - LAGRANGE equations KW - AMMONIUM nitrate KW - EMULSIONS KW - TEMPERATURE KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020087; Libersky, L. D. 1 Randles, P. W. 2 Bourne, Neil 3 Vignjevic, Rade 4; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 3: Royal Military College of Science, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UK 4: Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 OAL UK; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p371; Subject Term: MESHFREE methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: LAGRANGE equations; Subject Term: AMMONIUM nitrate; Subject Term: EMULSIONS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780256 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020087&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mas, E. M. AU - Clements, B. E. AU - George, D. C. T1 - Direct Numerical Simulations of PBX 9501. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 389 EP - 392 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We have explicitly gridded HMX crystals in PBX 9501 from 25 μm in diameter up to ∼.5 mm. We used HMX particle size distributions found in the literature to determine the relative numbers of different sized particulates. We applied our modified Mori-Tanaka theory to model the smaller crystals embedded in the plasticized estane binder (the dirty-binder). This model was modified to accommodate the large amount of HMX in the dirty binder. We then subjected the ∼1 million element PBX 9501 realization to boundary conditions commensurate with a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar experiment. We compare results to experiment and a micro-mechanical model we have reported on earlier. We also discuss the information which can be extracted from these direct numerical simulations. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CRYSTALS KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) KW - NUCLEAR physics KW - RADIOACTIVE aerosols KW - PHYSICS KW - NUCLEAR forces (Physics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020082; Mas, E. M. 1 Clements, B. E. 1 George, D. C. 1; Affiliation: 1: (T-1) Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p389; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE aerosols; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: NUCLEAR forces (Physics); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780260 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020082&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Menikoff, Ralph T1 - Pore Collapse and Hot Spots in HMX. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 393 EP - 396 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Hot spots are critical for initation of explosives because reaction rates are very temperature sensitive. For a plastic-bonded explosive, shock desensitization experiments imply that hot spots generated by pore collapse dominate shock initiation. Here, for the collapse of a single pore driven by a shock, the dependence of the temperature distribution on numerical resolution and dissipative mechanism is investigated. An inert material (with the constitutive properties of HMX) is used to better focus on the mechanics of pore collapse. Two important findings result from this study. First, insufficient resolution can significantly overpredict the hot-spot mass. Second, up to moderate piston velocities (< 1 km/s), shock dissipation alone does not generate sufficient hot-spot mass for initiation. Two other dissipative mechanisms investigated are plastic work and viscous heating. In the cases studied, the integrated temperature distribution has a power-law tail with exponent related to a parameter with dimensions of viscosity. The parameter of either dissipative mechanism can be fit to obtain the hot-spot mass needed for initiation of any single experiment. However, the dissipative mechanisms scale differently with shock strength and pore size. Consequently, to predict initiation behavior over a range of stimuli and as the micro-structure properties of a PBX are varied, sufficient numerical resolution and the correct physical dissipative mechanism are essential. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - RADIO sources (Astronomy) KW - PISTONS KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - NUCLEAR physics N1 - Accession Number: 14020081; Menikoff, Ralph 1; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, MS-B214, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p393; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: RADIO sources (Astronomy); Subject Term: PISTONS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780261 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020081&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nichols III, Albert L. AU - Tarver, Craig M. AU - McGuire, Estella M. T1 - ALE3D Statistical Hot Spot Model Results for LX-17. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 397 EP - 400 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The Statistical Hot Spot shock initiation and detonation reactive flow model for solid explosives in the ALE3D hydrodynamic computer code provides physically realistic descriptions of: hot spot formation; ignition (or failure to ignite); growth of reaction (or failure to grow) into surrounding particles; coalescence of reacting hot spots; transition to detonation; and self-sustaining detonation. The model has already successfully modeled several processes in HMX-based explosives, such as shock desensitization, that can not predicted by other reactive flow models. In this paper, the Statistical Hot Spot model is applied to experimental shock initiation data on the insensitive triaminotrintrobenzene (TATB) based explosive LX-17. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - DETONATION waves KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - DESENSITIZATION (Psychotherapy) KW - NUCLEAR physics N1 - Accession Number: 14020080; Nichols III, Albert L. 1 Tarver, Craig M. 1 McGuire, Estella M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808, L-282, Livermore, CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p397; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: DESENSITIZATION (Psychotherapy); Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780262 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020080&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reaugh, John E. T1 - Computer Simulations to Study the High-Pressure Deflagration of HMX. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 401 EP - 404 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The accepted micro-mechanical picture of the build-up of detonation in solid explosives from a shock is that imperfections are a source of hot spots. The hot spots ignite and link up in the reaction zone by high-pressure deflagration. Although the deflagration is subsonic, there are so many ignition sites that the pressure build-up is rapid enough to strengthen the initial shock. Quantitative advances in this research require a detailed understanding of deflagration at the high pressure, 1 to 50 GPa, which is present in the reaction zone. We performed direct numerical simulations of high-pressure deflagrations using a simplified global (3-reaction) chemical kinetics scheme. We used ALE-3D to calculate coupled chemical reactions, heat transfer, and hydrodynamic flow for finite-difference zones comprising a mixture of reactants and products at pressure and temperature equilibrium. The speed of isobaric deflagrations depends on the pressure and initial temperature. We show how this dependence changes with kinetic parameters, including the order of the last reaction step and the heat of formation of the species formed, relative to the reactant. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETONATION waves KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - CHEMICAL kinetics KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020079; Reaugh, John E. 1; Affiliation: 1: HE and Organics Group, Physics and Applied Technologies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p401; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780263 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020079&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shaw, M. Sam T1 - Direct Simulation of Detonation Products Equation of State. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 409 EP - 412 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Theoretical calculations are made for the equilibrium detonation products equation of state using a Composite Monte Carlo method. In this study the method is extended to include small (∼2nm) diamond clusters and to allow for surface chemistry of the groups that cap dangling bonds. An analytic representation of the Gibbs free energy of the cluster as a function of surface composition is incorporated in a fashion similar to that used for internal degrees of freedom for molecules. Bulk carbon phases are incorporated as analytic terms while the molecular fluid mixture is explicitly included in the Monte Carlo simulation. Starting from a very general partition function, equilibrium chemical composition results from a correlated interchange of atoms between species, whether fluid, bulk, cluster, or cluster surface group. Also allowed is fluid-fluid phase separation from terms that reduce to the Gibbs ensemble as a special case. Hugoniots and detonation velocities are determined from interpolation of tabulated equation of state results. Quantum calculations are in progress to better characterize the diamond clusters, surface groups, and their interactions with the molecular fluid. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETONATION waves KW - DETONATORS KW - MONTE Carlo method KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - INTERPOLATION KW - NUMERICAL analysis KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020077; Shaw, M. Sam 1; Affiliation: 1: Group T-14, MS B214, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p409; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: DETONATORS; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780265 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020077&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Valone, S. M. T1 - Particle-Velocity Dependent Rate Constants from Transition-State Theory. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 417 EP - 420 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Shock loading activates complex kinetic processes, including detonations, deformations, fracture, spall, and phase transformations. Many practical rate models have succeeded as fitting forms; they have limited predictive capabilities. One route to greater predictability may be to revise contemporary theories of activated rate processes to depend explicitly on properties of the shock environment. The rate model presented here depends on the projection of the particle velocity along a reaction coordinate (or order parameter or slip system depending on the context) describing the transformation process. The model is able to fit both thermal- and shock-activated PETN and nitromethane (NM) barriers in a physically sensible way. The model behaves qualitatively correctly to account for the difference in two NM shock experiments. The model predicts hypersensitivity to dispersion in the particle velocity distribution as it projects onto a reaction coordinate. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - DYNAMICS KW - DETONATION waves KW - SPEED KW - NITROMETHANE KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020075; Valone, S. M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p417; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: NITROMETHANE; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780267 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020075&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jin Yao T1 - A Fast Three-Dimensional Lighting Time Algorithm. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 421 EP - 424 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A narrow band level-set method to calculate the physical lighting time in three dimensions has been implemented with arbitrary hexahedral element systems. This method does not involve finite difference calculation of spatial derivatives. Mesh regularity, and the local topologic equivalence to a regular mesh are not required. The lighting surface is represented by a collection of curved facets contained in partially burnt cells. Level-set functions are calculated by direct measurement of distance to the lighting surface, and are carried only for nodes of a set of elements in a narrow band that covers the lighting surface. In the case of a concave boundary, the nodal distances are calculated with geodesics. A polynomial fitting of nodal level-set values across elements provides third-order spatial accuracy where the surface is sufficiently smooth. The DSD (Detonation Shock Dynamics) level-set equation is integrated directly in the normal direction. The new algorithm is self-initialized and allows easy boundary treatment with body fitting meshes. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LIGHTING KW - DIMENSIONS KW - GEODESICS (Mathematics) KW - DETONATION waves KW - SHOCK waves KW - DYNAMICS KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020074; Jin Yao 1; Affiliation: 1: Scientific B-Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p421; Subject Term: LIGHTING; Subject Term: DIMENSIONS; Subject Term: GEODESICS (Mathematics); Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780268 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020074&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yoh, Jack J. AU - McClelland, Matthew A. T1 - Simulating the Thermal Response of High Explosives on Time Scales of Days to Microseconds. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 425 EP - 428 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We present an overview of computational techniques for simulating the thermal cookoff of high explosives using a multi-physics hydrodynamics code, ALE3D. Recent improvements to the code have aided our computational capability in modeling the response of energetic materials systems exposed to extreme thermal environments, such as fires. We consider an idealized model process for a confined explosive involving the transition from slow heating to rapid deflagration in which the time scale changes from days to hundreds of microseconds. The heating stage involves thermal expansion and decomposition according to an Arrhenius kinetics model while a pressure-dependent burn model is employed during the explosive phase. We describe and demonstrate the numerical strategies employed to make the transition from slow to fast dynamics. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - THERMAL analysis KW - TEMPERATURE KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - THERMAL expansion KW - DYNAMICS KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020073; Yoh, Jack J. 1 McClelland, Matthew A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Energetic Materials Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p425; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780269 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020073&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clements, B. E. AU - Mas, E. M. AU - Maudlin, P. J. T1 - Developments Toward a Continuum-Level Non-Spherical Void Growth Model Using a Micro-Mechanics Basis. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 443 EP - 446 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A phenomenological damage model, based on a successful theory of Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM), has been investigated for the goal of developing a predictive non-spherical void growth model. Using Green’s functions, validated against standard Eshelby analysis, which provides reliable solutions for the growth of non-spherical voids, we attempt to verify several common assumptions of CDM. Non-spherical void growth has been observed in various steels for which we use HY-100 steel as our test system. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CONTINUUM damage mechanics KW - FRACTURE mechanics KW - CONTINUUM mechanics KW - SPHERES KW - STEEL KW - PHENOMENOLOGY KW - NUCLEAR physics N1 - Accession Number: 14020069; Clements, B. E. 1 Mas, E. M. 1 Maudlin, P. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p443; Subject Term: CONTINUUM damage mechanics; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: SPHERES; Subject Term: STEEL; Subject Term: PHENOMENOLOGY; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780273 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020069&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dienes, J. K. AU - Middleditch, J. AU - Zuo, Q. H. AU - Kershner, J. D. T1 - On the Role of Crack Orientation in Brittle Failure. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 447 EP - 450 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Many materials contain a large number of microcracks that can propagate under sufficiently high stress, but their stability is sensitive to crack orientation. We have explored this sensitivity using classical fracture mechanics with the added feature that interfacial friction is accounted for in the behavior of compression cracks. Our analysis shows that four types of unstable crack growth are possible for a penny-shaped crack under a general state of stress, depending on crack orientation: opening without shear, mixed opening and shear, pure shear without friction, and shear with interfacial friction. In addition, interfacial friction prevents crack growth at all stress intensities in a certain range of compressive stress. It will be shown that these analytic results are captured by the SCRAM brittle-failure algorithm, and that friction strongly affects the orientation of the most unstable shear crack as well as the range of unstable orientations. A second study examines the variations in material response as a function of the number of orientations represented. This is done by computing the dynamic response of an axisymmetric thick ring to internal pressure. With the traditional 9 crack orientations the fluctuation in porosity is about 28%, while with 480 orientations the fluctuation drops to just over 2%. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FRACTURE mechanics KW - FRICTION KW - STRENGTH of materials KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - POROSITY KW - NUCLEAR physics N1 - Accession Number: 14020068; Dienes, J. K. 1 Middleditch, J. 1 Zuo, Q. H. 1 Kershner, J. D. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p447; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780274 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020068&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gray III, G. T. AU - Bourne, N. K. AU - Millett, J. C. F. AU - Lopez, M. F. T1 - Influence of Shock-Wave Profile Shape (“Taylor-Wave” versus Square-Topped) on the Shock-Hardening and Spallation Response of 316L Stainless Steel. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 461 EP - 464 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - While much has been learned over the past five decades concerning shock hardening and the spallation response of materials shock-loaded using “square-topped” shock profiles, achieved via flyer plate loading, considerably less quantitative information is known concerning direct in-contact HE-driven or triangular-wave loading profile shock prestraining on metals and alloys. In this paper the influence of shock-wave profile, using both “square-topped” and triangular-wave pulses, on the shock hardening and spallation response of 316L stainless steel is presented. The shock hardening in 316L SS, using a triangular-shaped pulse and square-topped pulse (pulse duration of 0.75 μsec) to a peak shock pressure of 6.6 GPa was found to be reasonably similar. Square-wave loading at 6.6 GPa is observed to result in incipient spallation in 316L SS while triangular-wave loading to an equivalent peak stress is quantified to exhibit no wave-profile “pull-back” nor damage evolution. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK waves KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics) KW - NUCLEAR reactions KW - ALLOYS KW - NUCLEAR physics N1 - Accession Number: 14020065; Gray III, G. T. 1 Bourne, N. K. 2 Millett, J. C. F. 2 Lopez, M. F. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545 2: Defense Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UK; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p461; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactions; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780277 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020065&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hixson, R. S. AU - Gray, G. T. AU - Rigg, P. A. AU - Addessio, L. B. AU - Yablinsky, C. A. T1 - Dynamic Damage Investigations Using Triangular Waves. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 469 EP - 472 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Many experimental investigations of dynamic damage (spall) have been done using gun-driven flat top shock waves to generate release waves that interact and cause tension. Such localized tensile pulses can cause damage to occur, and may cause the target to separate into two pieces. Metals that are subjected to shock loading as a result of being in contact with a detonating high explosive are well known to exhibit a triangular (‘Taylor-wave’) loading/unloading profile. When such a triangular wave reaches a free surface the lead shock is reflected as a release, interacts with the Taylor wave, and causes a tensile wave of increasing negative amplitude to propagate back into the sample. We describe here new experiments done to investigate the damage process for both flat top and triangular wave dynamic damage experiments. Both time-resolved free surface velocity results and post-experiment metallurgical examination of copper samples are described. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DYNAMICS KW - SHOCK waves KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - SPEED KW - METALLURGY N1 - Accession Number: 14020063; Hixson, R. S. 1 Gray, G. T. 1 Rigg, P. A. 1 Addessio, L. B. 1 Yablinsky, C. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p469; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: METALLURGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780279 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020063&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holtkamp, D. B. AU - Clark, D. A. AU - Crain, M. D. AU - Furnish, M. D. AU - Gallegos, C. H. AU - Garcia, I. A. AU - Hammon, D. L. AU - Hemsing, W. F. AU - Shinas, M. A. AU - Thomas, K. A. T1 - Development of a Non-Radiographic Spall and Damage Diagnostic. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 473 EP - 476 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A new, non-radiographic diagnostic has been developed that appears to provide information on multiple spall and damage layers in metals. The velocities of multiple layers (up to 5 in copper) can be determined using this method, with additional information possible on damaged material between layers at densities less than the bulk metal value. Metals that are melted on release (tin) also seem to exhibit a distinctive signature that is quite different from conventional multi-layer spall. Experimental results on these metals and proton radiographs confirming these results are also presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics) KW - METALS KW - SPEED KW - FUSION (Phase transformation) KW - RADIOGRAPHY N1 - Accession Number: 14020062; Holtkamp, D. B. 1 Clark, D. A. 1 Crain, M. D. 2 Furnish, M. D. 3 Gallegos, C. H. 2 Garcia, I. A. 1 Hammon, D. L. 1 Hemsing, W. F. 1 Shinas, M. A. 1 Thomas, K. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos NM 87544 3: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p473; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: FUSION (Phase transformation); Subject Term: RADIOGRAPHY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780280 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020062&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holtkamp, D. B. AU - Clark, D. A. AU - Ferm, E. N. AU - Gallegos, R. A. AU - Hammon, D. AU - Hemsing, W. F. AU - Hogan, G. E. AU - Holmes, V. H. AU - King, N. S. P. AU - Liljestrand, R. AU - Lopez, R. P. AU - Merrill, F. E. AU - Morris, C. L. AU - Morley, K. B. AU - Murray, M. M. AU - Pazuchanics, P. D. AU - Prestridge, K. P. AU - Quintana, J. P. AU - Saunders, A. AU - Schafer, T. T1 - A Survey of High Explosive-Induced Damage and Spall in Selected Metals Using Proton Radiography. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 477 EP - 482 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Multiple spall and damage layers can be created in metal when the free surface reflects a Taylor wave generated by high explosives. These phenomena have been explored in different thicknesses of several metals (tantalum, copper, 6061 T6-aluminum, and tin) using high-energy proton radiography. Multiple images (up to 21) can be produced of the dynamic evolution of damaged material on the microsecond time scale with a <50 ns “shutter” time. Movies and multiframe still images of areal and (Abel inverted) volume densities are presented. An example of material that is likely melted on release (tin) is also presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics) KW - FREE surfaces (Crystallography) KW - METALS KW - RADIOGRAPHY KW - FUSION (Phase transformation) N1 - Accession Number: 14020061; Holtkamp, D. B. 1 Clark, D. A. 1 Ferm, E. N. 1 Gallegos, R. A. 1 Hammon, D. 1 Hemsing, W. F. 1 Hogan, G. E. 1 Holmes, V. H. 1 King, N. S. P. 1 Liljestrand, R. 1,2 Lopez, R. P. 1 Merrill, F. E. 1 Morris, C. L. 1 Morley, K. B. 1 Murray, M. M. 1 Pazuchanics, P. D. 1 Prestridge, K. P. 1 Quintana, J. P. 1 Saunders, A. 1 Schafer, T. 2; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos NM 87544; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p477; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: FREE surfaces (Crystallography); Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: RADIOGRAPHY; Subject Term: FUSION (Phase transformation); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780281 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020061&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCluskey, Craig W. AU - Wilke, Mark D. AU - Anderson, William W. AU - Byers, Mark E. AU - Holtkamp, David. B. AU - Rigg, Paulo A. AU - Furnish, Michael D. AU - Romero, Vincent T. T1 - Discrete Layer Verification of the LiF Window Spall Diagnostic. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 483 EP - 486 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Recently, LiF windows suspended close to the surface have been employed as a non-radiographic spall diagnostic. Calibration has typically used HE to shock metals to produce spall layers. Because the exact characteristics of these layers cannot be pre-determined, we are using a gas gun to test the accuracy and repeatability of the diagnostic. We impact a LiF or PMMA window in front of a VISAR probe with a projectile consisting of four thin stainless steel disks spaced apart 200 microns with either vacuum or polyethylene. The measured signature from the VISAR probe is compared with what is expected from the layered assembly traveling at the projectile’s velocity. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics) KW - CALIBRATION KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - METALS KW - STAINLESS steel KW - POLYETHYLENE N1 - Accession Number: 14020060; McCluskey, Craig W. 1 Wilke, Mark D. 1 Anderson, William W. 1 Byers, Mark E. 1 Holtkamp, David. B. 1 Rigg, Paulo A. 1 Furnish, Michael D. 2 Romero, Vincent T. 3; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185 3: Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, NM 87544; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p483; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780282 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020060&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thissell, W. Richards AU - Tonks, Davis L. AU - Schwartz, Dan AU - House, Joel T1 - Dynamic Failure Resistance of Two Tantalum Materials with Different Melt Practice Sequences. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 495 EP - 498 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The dynamic failure resistance of a Cabot Ta is compared to that of a Starck Ta under nearly identical loading conditions. The two materials have nominally very similar grain sizes, texture, and bulk impurity contents. The two materials do differ in the melt practice used, the Cabot material underwent triple e-beam re-melting, while the Starck material underwent a double e-beam re-melting followed by a vacuum arc re-melt (VAR). Melt practice strongly influences the material cleanliness in most materials and hence greatly influences fracture properties such as fatigue resistance and fracture toughness. The samples were tested in a flyer plate experiment with momentum trapping and soft recovery. A VISAR recorded the free surface velocity profile of the samples. The resulting damage in the microstructures was quantified, statistically reduced and used in developing separate parameters for a damage model. Comparisons between simulation predictions and experimental measurements of free surface velocity, porosity distributions, and volumetric number density distributions of voids are presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DYNAMICS KW - FUSION (Phase transformation) KW - MOMENTUM (Mechanics) KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14020057; Thissell, W. Richards 1 Tonks, Davis L. 2 Schwartz, Dan 3 House, Joel 4; Affiliation: 1: MST-8: Structure-Property Relationships, MS: G755, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: X-7: Materials Modeling, MS: F699, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 3: Plutonium Metallurgy, MS: G721, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 4: United States Air Force, AFRL/MNMW, 101 West Eglin Blvd, Suite 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32542-6810; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p495; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: FUSION (Phase transformation); Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780285 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020057&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thissell, W. R. AU - Henrie, B. L. AU - Cerreta, E. K. AU - Anderson, W.A. AU - Atchison, W. L. AU - Cochrane, J. C. AU - Kaul, A. M. AU - Keinigs, R. K. AU - Ladish, J. S. AU - Lindemuth, L. R. AU - Oro, D. M. AU - Paisley, D. AU - Reinovsky, R. AU - Rodriguez, G. AU - Salazar, M. A. AU - Stokes, J. L. AU - Taylor, A. J. AU - Tonks, D. L. AU - Zurek, A. K. T1 - Metallurgical Characterization of Atlas Cylindrically Convergent Spallation Experiments. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 499 EP - 502 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The microstructural distribution and nature of damage from three different cylindrically convergent spallation experiments performed on the pulsed power machine named Atlas are presented. Longitudinal momentum trapping was used to minimize the influence of release waves and thereby decrease the dimensionality of the experiments. Two of the experiments involved soft capture of the spalled piece. The material used is a proprietary directionally cast Al alloy with a mostly equiaxed grain morphology and essentially random texture in the region of spallation. The damage was most distributed in the lowest impact velocity shot and became progressively more narrow with increasing impact velocity. The effectiveness of the momentum trap design increased with increasing impact velocity. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics) KW - PULSED power systems KW - MOMENTUM (Mechanics) KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - ALLOYS KW - SPEED N1 - Accession Number: 14020056; Thissell, W. R. 1 Henrie, B. L. 1 Cerreta, E. K. 1 Anderson, W.A. 2 Atchison, W. L. 3 Cochrane, J. C. 4 Kaul, A. M. 3 Keinigs, R. K. 5 Ladish, J. S. 6 Lindemuth, L. R. 3 Oro, D. M. 6 Paisley, D. 7 Reinovsky, R. 8 Rodriguez, G. 9 Salazar, M. A. 2 Stokes, J. L. 6 Taylor, A. J. 9 Tonks, D. L. 10 Zurek, A. K. 1; Affiliation: 1: MST-8: Structure-Property Relationships, MS: G755, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: MST-7: Polymers and Coatings, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 3: X-l: Plasma Physics, MS: B259, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 4: Bechtal-Nevada, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 5: X-4, MS: T086, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 6: P-22: Hydrodynamics andX-Ray Physics, MS: D410, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 7: P-24: Plasma Physics, MS: E526, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 8: DX-DO: Dynamic Experimentation, MS: D420, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 9: MST-10: Condensed Matter Physics, MS: K764, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 10: X-7: Materials Modeling, MS: F699, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p499; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PULSED power systems; Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: SPEED; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780286 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020056&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thompson, Darla Graff AU - Wright, Walter J. T1 - Mechanical Properties from PBX 9501 Pressing Study. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 503 EP - 506 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A PBX 9501 pressing study was conducted by researchers in ESA-WMM, LANL, to identify the hydrostatic pressing parameters most important in fabricating high-density parts with uniform density. In this study, 31 charges were pressed using a full permutation of six pressing parameters. Five charges from the set of 31 were selected for an evaluation of their mechanical properties, specifically uniaxial compression and tension. Charges were selected to 1) span the density range of the study, and 2) allow two direct comparisons of pressing parameters independent of bulk density (density has a well-established affect on some material properties). Three PBX 9501 charges pressed isostatically at Pantex Plant in Amarillo, TX were also included in the study. The tensile properties of the 8 charges varied significantly. Careful evaluation of the results suggests that an increase in pressing temperature may correlate with an increase in tensile stress (strength) and a decrease in strain (ductility). Trends in compression exist but are less pronounced. In an effort to explore the relationship between pressing temperature and tensile strength, four sheets of Estane polymer (a component of the PBX 9501 binder) were compression molded at 70, 90, 110 and 130°C. The tensile strength of Estane was observed to increase by a factor of nearly 20 when the molding temperature was increased from 70 to 90°C (strength increase was negligible beyond 90°C). We present an outline of ongoing work that will irrefutably quantify the mechanical property affects of both pressing temperature and dwell time on PBX 9501.(LA-UR 03-4842). © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HYDROSTATIC pressure KW - HYDROSTATICS KW - PERMUTATIONS KW - TENSILE architecture KW - AMARILLO (Tex.) KW - TEXAS KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 14020055; Thompson, Darla Graff 1 Wright, Walter J. 1; Affiliation: 1: DX-2, Materials Dynamics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p503; Subject Term: HYDROSTATIC pressure; Subject Term: HYDROSTATICS; Subject Term: PERMUTATIONS; Subject Term: TENSILE architecture; Subject Term: AMARILLO (Tex.); Subject Term: TEXAS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780287 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020055&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tonks, D. L. AU - Thissell, W. R. AU - Schwartz, D. S. T1 - Modeling Incipient Copper Damage Data from the Tensile Hopkinson Bar and Gas Gun. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 507 EP - 510 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Ductile damage in copper has been created using a split tensile Hopkinson pressure bar. Precise momentum trapping has made it possible to arrest the damage after a short tensile pulse before complete fracture. This process has been modeled with a void nucleation and growth law. 2D calculations have been performed to compare with final porosity and void number density data. The tensile bar damage modeling has been supplemented with modeling of incipient spallation of copper in a plate impact gas gun experiment. These two experiments differ widely in the (negative) pressure level and modeling both their porosity results will permit the creation of a nucleation model that spans the resulting wide pressure range. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COPPER KW - MOMENTUM (Mechanics) KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - NUCLEATION KW - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics) KW - POROSITY N1 - Accession Number: 14020054; Tonks, D. L. 1 Thissell, W. R. 1 Schwartz, D. S. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p507; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: POROSITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780288 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020054&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baer, M. R. AU - Trott, W. M. T1 - Mesoscale Studies of Shock Loaded Tin Sphere Lattices. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 517 EP - 520 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The shock response of heterogeneous materials involves highly fluctuating states and localization effects that are produced by mesostructure. Prior studies have examined this shock behavior in randomized inert and reactive media. In this work, we investigate the shock behavior in a porous lattice consisting of hexagonally packed layers of 500 μm tin spheres impacted at 0.5 km/s. This ordered geometry provides a well-defined configuration to validate mesoscale material modeling based on three-dimensional CTH calculations. Detailed wave fields are experimentally probed using a line-imaging interferometer and transmitted particle velocities are compared to numerical mesoscale calculations. Multiple shock fronts traverse the porous layers whereby particle-to-particle interactions cause stress bridging effects and the evolution of organized wave structures. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - LATTICE dynamics KW - INTERFEROMETRY KW - INTERFEROMETERS KW - SPEED KW - SHOCK waves N1 - Accession Number: 14020052; Baer, M. R. 1 Trott, W. M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Engineering Sciences Center 9100, Sandia National Laboratories*, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p517; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: LATTICE dynamics; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780290 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020052&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blumenthal, W. R. AU - Brown, D. W. AU - Tome, C. N. T1 - Evolution of Crystallographic Texture and Strength in Beryllium. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 525 EP - 528 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The evolution of the dynamic mechanical behavior and crystallographic texture in polycrystalline beryllium with different initial textures was measured and compared to a polycrystalline plasticity model. The split-Hopkinson pressure bar compression behavior and the activity of deformation mechanisms were found to be highly dependent on the initial texture and the loading orientation. Neutron diffraction measurements of the bulk texture as a function of strain were made at the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center. The activation of deformation twinning at high strain rates in beryllium was observed to cause both anisotropy in the mechanical behavior and rapid evolution of the texture compared to slip deformation alone. A visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystalline plasticity model was used to closely simulate the texture and flow strength evolution by accounting for contributions from both slip deformation and twinning mechanisms. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DYNAMICS KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY KW - POLYCRYSTALS KW - BERYLLIUM KW - PLASTICITY KW - ANISOTROPY N1 - Accession Number: 14020050; Blumenthal, W. R. 1 Brown, D. W. 1 Tome, C. N. 1; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p525; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: BERYLLIUM; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780292 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020050&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burkett, Michael W. AU - Clancy, Scan P. AU - Maudlin, Paul J. AU - Holian, Kathleen S. T1 - Coupled Plasticity and Damage Modeling and Their Applications in a Three-Dimensional Eulerian Hydrocode. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 529 EP - 532 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Previously developed constitutive models and solution algorithms for continuum-level anisotropic elastoplastic material strength and an isotropic damage model TEPLA have been implemented in the three-dimensional Eulerian hydrodynamics code known as CONEJO. The anisotropic constitutive modeling is posed in an unrotated material frame of reference using the theorem of polar decomposition to compute rigid-body rotation. TEPLA is based upon the Gurson flow surface (a potential function used in conjunction with the associated flow law). The original TEPLA equation set has been extended to include anisotropic elastoplasticity and has been recast into a new implicit solution algorithm based upon an eigenvalue scheme to accommodate the anisotropy. This algorithm solves a two-by-two system of nonlinear equations using a Newton-Raphson iteration scheme. Simulations of a shaped-charge jet formation, a Taylor cylinder impact, and an explosively loaded hemishell were selected to demonstrate the utility of this modeling capability. The predicted deformation topology, plastic strain, and porosity distributions are shown for the three simulations. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ALGORITHMS KW - ANISOTROPY KW - ELASTOPLASTICITY KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - TOPOLOGY KW - POROSITY N1 - Accession Number: 14020049; Burkett, Michael W. 1 Clancy, Scan P. 2 Maudlin, Paul J. 3 Holian, Kathleen S. 4; Affiliation: 1: Applied Physics Div., Primary Design and Assessment Grp. (X-4), MS T086 2: Applied Physics Div., Integrated Physics Methods Grp. (X-3), MS F644 3: Theoretical Div., Fluid Dynamics Grp. (T-3), MSB216 4: Computing Communications & Networking Div., Scientific Software Engineering Grp. (CCN-12), MS B295 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p529; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: ELASTOPLASTICITY; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TOPOLOGY; Subject Term: POROSITY; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780293 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020049&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cerreta, E. AU - Gray III, G. T. AU - Henrie, B. L. AU - Brown, D. W. AU - Hixson, R. S. AU - Rigg, P. A. T1 - The Influence of Peak Stress on the Mechanical Behavior and the Substructural Evolution in Shock-Prestrained Zirconium. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 541 EP - 544 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The post shock mechanical behavior and substructure evolution of zirconium (Zr) under shock prestrained at 5.8 and 8 GPa, above and below the pressure induced α-ω phase transition, has been quantified. The reload yield stress of Zr shock prestrained to 8 GPa was found to exhibit enhanced shock hardening when compared to the flow stress measured quasi-statically at an equivalent strain. In contrast, the reload yield behavior of Zr specimens shocked to 5.8 GPa did not exhibit enhanced shock hardening. The microstructure of the as-annealed and shock prestrained materials were examined. The presence of a reduced available glide distance due to a relatively more well developed dislocation substructure and increased twinning over quasi-static specimens deformed to comparable strains correlates with the increased yield stresses after shock prestraining at 8 GPa. Additionally, the retention of ∼ 40% by volume metastable high-pressure ω-phase in specimens shocked to 8 GPa and its absence in the 5.8 GPa specimen, is thought to contribute to the increased yield stress in the 8 GPa specimens. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ZIRCONIUM KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020046; Cerreta, E. 1 Gray III, G. T. 1 Henrie, B. L. 1 Brown, D. W. 1 Hixson, R. S. 1 Rigg, P. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p541; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780296 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020046&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crawford, Paula AU - Rainey, Kevin AU - Rightley, Paul AU - Hammerberg, J. E. T1 - A Novel Experimental Technique for the Study of High-Speed Friction under Elastic Loading Conditions. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 545 EP - 548 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The role of friction in high strain-rate events is not well understood despite being an important constitutive relationship in modern modeling and simulation studies of explosive events. There is a lack of experimental data available for the validation ofmodels of dynamic sliding. The Rotating Barrel Gas Gun (RBGG) is a novel, small-scale experimental facility designed to investigate interfacial dynamics at high loads and sliding speeds. The RBGG utilizes a low-pressure gas gun to propel a rotating annular projectile towards an annular target rod. Upon striking the target, the projectile imparts both an axial and a torsional impulse into the target at a timescale relevant to explosively-driven events. Resulting elastic waves are measured using strain gages attached to the target rod. The coefficient of friction is obtained through an analysis of the resulting strain wave data. Initial experiments have been performed using dry copper/copper interfaces. We find that the measured coefficient of friction can evolve significantly over a 30 μs event. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FRICTION KW - DYNAMICS KW - TORSION KW - ELASTIC waves KW - INTERFACES (Physical sciences) KW - PHYSICAL sciences N1 - Accession Number: 14020045; Crawford, Paula 1 Rainey, Kevin 1 Rightley, Paul 1 Hammerberg, J. E. 2; Affiliation: 1: Dynamic Experimentation Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p545; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: TORSION; Subject Term: ELASTIC waves; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780297 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020045&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hackenberg, Robert AU - Swift, Darnian AU - Bourne, Neil AU - Gray III, George AU - Paisley, Dennis AU - Thoma, Dan AU - Cooley, Jason AU - Hauer, Allan T1 - Dynamic Properties of Nickel-Titanium Alloys. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 561 EP - 564 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The shock response of near-equiatomic Ni-Ti alloys have been investigated to support studies of shock-induced martensitic transitions. The equation of state (EOS) and elasticity were predicted using ab initio quantum mechanics. Polycrystalline NiTi samples were prepared with a range of compositions, and thickesses between about 100 and 400 μm. Laser-driven flyer impact experiments were used to verify the EOS and to measure the flow stress from the amplitude of the elastic precursor; the spall strength was also obtained from these experiments. The laser flyer EOS data were consistent with Hugoniot points deduced from gas gun experiments. Decaying shocks were induced in samples, by direct laser irradiation with a variety of pressures and durations, to investigate the threshold for martensite formation. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELASTICITY KW - TITANIUM alloys KW - POLYCRYSTALS KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - STRENGTH of materials KW - TITANIUM alloys -- Heat treatment KW - EFFECT of high temperatures on titanium alloys N1 - Accession Number: 14020041; Hackenberg, Robert 1 Swift, Darnian 2 Bourne, Neil 3 Gray III, George 4 Paisley, Dennis 2 Thoma, Dan 1 Cooley, Jason 1 Hauer, Allan 5; Affiliation: 1: MST-6, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: P-24, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 3: Royal Military College of Science, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 6LA, UK 4: MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 5: P-DO, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p561; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on titanium alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780301 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020041&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hammerberg, J. E. AU - Ravelo, R. AU - Germann, T. C. AU - Kress, J. D. AU - Holian, B. L. T1 - Sliding Friction at Compressed Ta/Al Interfaces. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 565 EP - 568 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The physics of sliding at compressed Ta/Al interfaces is discussed based upon the results of large scale 3D NEMD simulations. A new set of Embedded Atom Method potentials has been constructed to treat the Ta-Al interaction. Pressures of order 15 GPa are studied and the velocity dependence of the frictional force is studied for several interfacial configurations including Al(100)/Ta(100) and Al(111)/Ta(110). Generic behavior is observed, characterized by a linear increase at low velocities followed by a power law decrease at high velocities associated with near interface structural transformation in Al. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FRICTION KW - CRYSTAL whiskers KW - MECHANICAL wear KW - SLIDING mode control KW - BIOLOGICAL interfaces KW - ELASTIC analysis (Engineering) N1 - Accession Number: 14020040; Hammerberg, J. E. 1 Ravelo, R. 1,2 Germann, T. C. 1 Kress, J. D. 3 Holian, B. L. 3; Affiliation: 1: Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Physics Department and Materials Research Institute, University of Texas, El Paso TX 79968-0515 3: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p565; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: CRYSTAL whiskers; Subject Term: MECHANICAL wear; Subject Term: SLIDING mode control; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL interfaces; Subject Term: ELASTIC analysis (Engineering); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780302 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020040&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harstad, E. N. AU - Maudlin, P. J. AU - Mckirgan, J. B. T1 - Anisotropic Failure Modeling for HY-100 Steel. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 569 EP - 572 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - HY-100 steel is a material that behaves isotropically in the elastic and plastic region and acts anisotropically in failure. Since HY-100 is a ductile metal, a more gradual failure process is observed as opposed to the nearly instantaneous failure in brittle materials. We extend our elasto-plastic-damage constitutive model by including of a decohesion model to describe material behavior between the onset of failure and fracture. We also develop an anisotropic failure surface to account for directionality in material failure. Both the anisotropic failure and decohesion models have been implemented into a finite element code, where the effects of these models are studied in a uniaxial stress simulations, a plate impact simulations, and a quasistatic notched round bar tensile test simulations. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STEEL KW - AXIAL loads KW - ELASTICITY KW - PLASTICITY KW - ANISOTROPY KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - MATTER -- Properties KW - FINITE element method N1 - Accession Number: 14020039; Harstad, E. N. 1 Maudlin, P. J. 1 Mckirgan, J. B. 2; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Fluid Dynamics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Code 614, NSWC, Carderock Division, 9500 MacArthur Blvd., West Bethesda, MD 20817; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p569; Subject Term: STEEL; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: FINITE element method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780303 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020039&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hayes, D. B. AU - Gray III, G. T. AU - Hixson, R. S. AU - Zurek, A. K. AU - Vorthman, J. E. AU - Anderson, W. W. T1 - Precursor Suppression by Shear Stress Relaxation in U-Nb(6-wt%). JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 573 EP - 576 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - U-Nb(6-wt%) exhibits plastic yield strength of a few-tenths of a GPa that can vary depending upon the starting microstructure and heat-treatment. However, when a several-mm thick specimen of U-Nb(6-wt%) is shock loaded in the range between 1.5 and 10 GPa, no elastic precursor is observed in interferometer measurements at the rear free surface. The absence of the elastic precursor and other features of the compression and release measurements are explained by assuming shear stress-relaxation rate is dependent upon the shear stress. The resulting stress waves are unsteady and broaden so that shear stress relaxation can occur in the front preventing the plastic yield point from being reached. U-Nb(6-wt%) is known to twin in quasi-static compression and shear-induced, rate-dependent twinning is likely the underlying cause for shear stress relaxation in our experiments. Recent experiments in which U-Nb(6-wt%) was heavily cold-rolled ( work-hardening to ∼25% strain) display no evidence of a precursor, admitting the possibility of a pressure or temperature induced stress-relaxation process. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STRESS relaxation (Mechanics) KW - SHEAR (Mechanics) KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - HEATING -- Control KW - INTERFEROMETERS KW - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) KW - TWINNING (Crystallography) N1 - Accession Number: 14020038; Hayes, D. B. 1 Gray III, G. T. 1 Hixson, R. S. 1 Zurek, A. K. 1 Vorthman, J. E. 1 Anderson, W. W. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p573; Subject Term: STRESS relaxation (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: HEATING -- Control; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: TWINNING (Crystallography); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780304 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020038&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mcclellan, Kenneth J. AU - Swift, Damian C. AU - Paisley, Dennis L. AU - Koskelo, Aaron C. T1 - Dynamic Properties of Nickel-Aluminum Alloy. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 593 EP - 596 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We are investigating interactions between shocks and grain boundaries in the anisotropic alloy NiAl; as part of this work, we need to know the shock response of single crystals. The equation of state (EOS) and elasticity were predicted using ab initio quantum mechanics. NiAl crystals were obtained from GE, and also prepared locally, and cut to thickesses between about 100 and 500 microns. Laser-driven flyer impact experiments were used to verify the EOS and to measure the elastic precursor wave as a function of crystal orientation. Shocks induced by direct laser irradiation were used to investigate the elastic precursor and to demonstrate that the imaging VISAR system had a temporal resolution adequate to distinguish between different orientations. A single-crystal plasticity model is under development to design and interpret experiments on bicrystals. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STRESS waves KW - ANISOTROPY KW - CRYSTAL grain boundaries KW - CRYSTAL growth KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - DISLOCATIONS in crystals KW - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020033; Mcclellan, Kenneth J. 1 Swift, Damian C. 2 Paisley, Dennis L. 2 Koskelo, Aaron C. 3; Affiliation: 1: MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: P-24, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 3: C-ADI, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p593; Subject Term: STRESS waves; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in crystals; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780309 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020033&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mescheryakov, Yu. I. AU - Zhigacheva, N. I. AU - Petrov, Yu. A. AU - Divakov, A. K. AU - Cline, C. F. T1 - Comparative Analysis of Uniaxial Strain Shock Tests and Taylor Tests for Armor and Maraging Steels. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 597 EP - 600 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - High-strength constructional 38KhN3MFA steel and 02H18К9M5-BИ maraging steel were tested to determine the yield stress under dynamic loading. The 38KhN3MFA steel was used as central test material to work out the experimental technique. For both kinds of steel the results obtained in the plane shock tests under uniaxial strain condition show approximately the identical yield stress values as those obtained in Taylor tests. Cracking of maraging steel occurs along the shock-induced austenite bands where microhardness is much smaller than that for the rest of the matrix. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MECHANICAL wear KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - STRESS waves KW - SHEAR (Mechanics) KW - STRESS-strain curves KW - STRENGTH of materials KW - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing KW - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020032; Mescheryakov, Yu. I. 1 Zhigacheva, N. I. 1 Petrov, Yu. A. 1 Divakov, A. K. 1 Cline, C. F. 2; Affiliation: 1: Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering RAS,V.O. Bolshoi 61, Saint-Petersburg, 199178, Russia 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore 94506-4528 CA , USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p597; Subject Term: MECHANICAL wear; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRESS waves; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRESS-strain curves; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780310 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020032&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peralta, P. AU - Swift, D. AU - Loomis, E. AU - Lim, C.-H. AU - Mcclellan, K. J. T1 - Characterization of Laser-Driven Shocked NiAl Monocrystals and Bicrystals. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 601 EP - 604 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Disks of oriented single crystals and bicrystals of selected misorientations of NiAl were tested under direct laser-driven shock conditions. Shocked specimens were recovered and characterized to study cracking and slip behavior. In addition, the crystallographic orientation of the tested samples was studied using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM). Results indicate that direct laser-driven shocks in monocrystals induce cracking on {110} planes, with a high crack density for <100> samples and a low crack density for <110> and <111> specimens. The crack density was much higher on the impact side. In one bicrystal, a Grain Boundary Affected Zone (GBAZ) was observed close to the boundary in one grain, where both cracking and slip were present, whereas no cracking or slip traces were observed in the other grain. OIM revealed that specimens developed gradients of orientation due to bowing of the foil caused by the impact. The changes in the speed of sound across the inclined interface correlated with the cracking mode, i.e., a shock propagating from a “slow” to a “fast” grain resulted in intergranular cracks, whereas the reverse resulted in transgranular cracks. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CRYSTALS KW - SHOCK waves KW - CRYSTAL grain boundaries KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - DISLOCATIONS in crystals KW - SHOCK waves -- Diffraction KW - PLASTIC properties N1 - Accession Number: 14020031; Peralta, P. 1 Swift, D. 2 Loomis, E. 1 Lim, C.-H. 1 Mcclellan, K. J. 3; Affiliation: 1: Arizona State University. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Tempe, AZ 85287-6106 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory. Physics Division. Los Alamos, NM 87545 3: Los Alamos National Laboratory. Materials Science and Technology Division. Los Alamos, NM 8754; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p601; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in crystals; Subject Term: SHOCK waves -- Diffraction; Subject Term: PLASTIC properties; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780311 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020031&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schneider, M. S. AU - Gregori, F. AU - Kad, B. K. AU - Kalantar, D. H. AU - Remington, B. A. AU - Meyers, M. A. T1 - Laser-Induced Shock Compression of Copper and Copper Aluminum Alloys. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 605 EP - 608 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Single crystal copper and copper 2-wt% aluminum alloy with [134] and [001] orientations are compressed by means of a high energy short pulse laser. Pressures ranging from 20 GPa to 60 GPa are achieved. The shocked samples are recovered and the residual defect substructure is analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Results show systematic differences depending on orientation and stacking fault energy. Samples with orientations [001] are symmetrical with simultaneous activation of eight slip systems. This leads to a higher work hardening rate. The [134] orientation is asymmetrical with one dominating slip system, and thus a reduced work hardening rate due to a prolonged easy glide region for dislocations. These differences in work hardening response affect the stresses required to achieve the twinning threshold pressure. The effects of stacking fault energy on the defect substructure and threshold twinning are also characterized. Experimental results are rationalized in terms of a constitutive description of the slip-twinning transition using a modified MTS equation. Differences in the mechanical response of the orientations and the chemical compositions are responsible for differences in the shear stress in the specimens at the imposed pressures and associated strains. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ALUMINUM alloys KW - SHOCK waves KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - ELECTRON microscopy KW - DISLOCATIONS in metals KW - FAULT-tolerant computing KW - COMPUTER reliability KW - ALUMINUM alloys -- Metallography N1 - Accession Number: 14020030; Schneider, M. S. 1 Gregori, F. 2 Kad, B. K. 1 Kalantar, D. H. 3 Remington, B. A. 3 Meyers, M. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411 2: University of Paris, 13, Paris, France 3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p605; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; Subject Term: FAULT-tolerant computing; Subject Term: COMPUTER reliability; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys -- Metallography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780312 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020030&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vogler, T. J. AU - Asay, J. R. T1 - A Distributional Model for Elastic-Plastic Behavior of Shock-Loaded Materials. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 617 EP - 620 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - To address known shortcomings of classical metal plasticity for describing material behavior under shock loading, a model which incorporates a distribution in the deviatoric stress state is developed. This distribution will translate in stress space under loading, and growth of the distribution can be included in the model as well. This proposed model is capable of duplicating the key features of a set of reshock and release experiments on 6061-T6 aluminum, many of which are not captured by classical plasticity. The model is relatively simple, is only moderately more computationally intensive, and requires few additional material parameters. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PLASTICITY KW - PLASTIC crystals KW - STRAIN hardening KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - DISLOCATIONS in metals KW - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020027; Vogler, T. J. 1 Asay, J. R. 2; Affiliation: 1: Solid Dynamics & Energetic Materials Dept., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM 87185 2: Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman WA 99164; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p617; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: PLASTIC crystals; Subject Term: STRAIN hardening; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780315 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020027&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Qing Xue AU - Gray III, George T. AU - Shuh Rong Chen T1 - Influence of Shock Prestraining on Shear Localization in 316L Stainless Steel. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 633 EP - 636 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The effect of “Taylor-Wave” shock prestraining on the adiabatic shear localization response of annealed and shock pre-shocked 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was investigated. A forced shear technique using “hat-shaped” specimens on a compression split-Hopkinson bar was utilized. The mechanical responses at two different strain rates showed that the shock pre-strained specimens exhibit much higher yield stresses but much lower strain hardening effects than those in the annealed steel. The dynamic shear responses indicate that the shear stress in the shock pre-strained steel arrived at the instable point at much smaller plastic strain than the annealed steel. The initial microstructures in these two materials exhibit significant differences of textures and defects that may dominate the initiation of shear bands. The pre-shocked steel, which contains more deformation twins, was found to display a higher propensity to trigger localized deformation than the annealed steel. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STAINLESS steel KW - SHEAR (Mechanics) KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - STRENGTH of materials KW - METALS -- Cold working KW - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) KW - ADIABATIC demagnetization N1 - Accession Number: 14020023; Qing Xue 1 Gray III, George T. 1 Shuh Rong Chen 1; Affiliation: 1: Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MST-8, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p633; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: METALS -- Cold working; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ADIABATIC demagnetization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780319 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020023&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, J. A. AU - Wirth, B. D. T1 - The Interaction of Dislocations and Radiation-Induced Obstacles at High-Strain Rate. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 637 EP - 640 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Improved understanding of the plastic deformation of metals during high strain rate shock loading is key to predicting their resulting material properties. This paper presents the results of molecular dynamics simulations that identify the deformation modes of aluminum over a range of applied shear stresses and examines the interaction between dislocations and irradiation induced obstacles. These simulations show that while super-sonic dislocation motion can occur during impact loading, the finite dimensions of the materials render this motion transient. Larger applied loads do not stabilize supersonic dislocations, but instead lead an alternate deformation mode, namely twinning. Finally, the atomistic mechanisms that underlie the observed changes in the mechanical properties of metals as a function of irradiation are examined. Specifically, simulations of the interactions between moving edge dislocations and nanometer-sized helium bubbles provide insight into increases of the critical shear stresses but also reveal the effect of internal gas pressure on the deformation mode. The information gained in these studies provides fundamental insight into materials behavior, as well as important inputs for multi-scale models of materials deformation. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RADIATION KW - IRRADIATION KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - METALS -- Analysis KW - METALLIC surfaces KW - DEFORMATION of surfaces KW - DISLOCATIONS in metals KW - METALS -- Plastic properties N1 - Accession Number: 14020022; Young, J. A. 1 Wirth, B. D. 2; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry and Materials Science, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 2: Nuclear Engineering Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94703; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p637; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: METALS -- Analysis; Subject Term: METALLIC surfaces; Subject Term: DEFORMATION of surfaces; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; Subject Term: METALS -- Plastic properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780320 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020022&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alcon, R. R. AU - Robbins, D. L. AU - Sheffield, S. A. AU - Stahl, D. B. AU - Fritz, J. N. T1 - Shock Compression of Silicon Polymer Foams with a Range of Initial Densities. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 651 EP - 654 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We report here on a collection of shock compression experiments on a silicon polymer foam with varying degrees of distension from low (∼0.4 g/cm3) to the near fully dense material (∼ 1 g/cm3). These experiments are being carried out on a two-stage gas-gun (50 mm bore) with a Kel-F 81 impactor at velocities between 1.5 and 3.1 km/s. Particle and shock velocity measurements are made with magnetic gauges by inserting the gauge package (0.001 inches thick) between layers of 2.3 mm thick foam. Special attention is required for assembly of these targets due to the foam’s low strength. To minimize compression and gaps at interfaces, the foams are positioned between support rings, which are machined to match the foam’s thickness. The Hugoniot data from these experiments is compared to unpublished data obtained with explosively driven flyers at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the early 1980’s. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - RESEARCH KW - SILICON KW - POLYMERS KW - SPEED KW - MEASUREMENT N1 - Accession Number: 14020019; Alcon, R. R. 1 Robbins, D. L. 1 Sheffield, S. A. 1 Stahl, D. B. 1 Fritz, J. N. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p651; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780323 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020019&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Millett, J. C. F. AU - Gray III, G. T. AU - Bourne, N. K. T1 - Longitudinal and Lateral Stress Measurements in Shock Loaded Polyether Ether Ketone. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 663 EP - 666 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The shock response of poyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been investigated using manganin stress gauges mounted in longitudinal and lateral orientation to the impact axis. Measurements of the longitudinal stress with gauges at different positions within the shock assembly have determined the Hugoniot in terms of shock stress, shock velocity and particle velocity. It has been shown that the shock velocity has a simple linear response to particle velocity, in common with many but not all polymers. Measurements of lateral stress show a decrease behind the shock front, implying an increase in shear strength, possibly due to the viscoplastic nature of PEEK. Shear strength was also observed to increase with shock stress. A break in slope was observed at ca. 1.0 GPa, indicating a divergence between elastic and inelastic behaviour. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - ETHER (Anesthetic) KW - KETONES KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - GAGES KW - MEASUREMENT N1 - Accession Number: 14020016; Millett, J. C. F. 1 Gray III, G. T. 2 Bourne, N. K. 1; Affiliation: 1: Royal Military College of Science, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA. United Kingdom 2: MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545. U.S.A.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p663; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: ETHER (Anesthetic); Subject Term: KETONES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: GAGES; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780326 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020016&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Robbins, D. L. AU - Sheffield, S. A. AU - Alcon, R. R. T1 - Magnetic Particle Velocity Measurements of Shocked Teflon. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 675 EP - 678 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A series of shock compression experiments have been undertaken on Teflon using single- and two-stage gas-guns. Peak pressures in these experiments range from a few kbars to over 10 kbars, as well as one shot completed at 117 kbar. Multiple particle velocity wave profiles, at a number of Langrangian positions, are obtained for each experiment using in-situ magnetic gauges. Shock velocity is calculated from arrival times at both the particle velocity gauges and at embedded shock trackers. These direct measurements of particle and shock velocity are compared to previous shock compression results on Teflon. Particular attention is focused in the region below 10 kbar where evidence of a shock induced phase transition has been reported, based upon a cusp in the Hugoniot. The volume change for this transition is only ∼ 2.2 % making its observation difficult. A two-wave structure on the shock front would be strong evidence of the shock-induced transition, but has not been observed in these initial low-pressure experiments. However, the Hugoniot data does show a subtle cusp between two of these shots at pressures of 6.4 and 7.9 kbar. The presence of the cusp is consistent with existing data, but appears at slightly higher pressure. Additionally, the in-situ particle velocity gauges show an evolving wave front, which is likely associated with Teflon’s visco-elastic properties. The wave front is initially steep, but rounds significantly after the wave has propagated several millimeters into the target. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - POLYTEF KW - COAL gas KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) KW - GAGES KW - SPEED N1 - Accession Number: 14020013; Robbins, D. L. 1 Sheffield, S. A. 1 Alcon, R. R. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p675; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: POLYTEF; Subject Term: COAL gas; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: GAGES; Subject Term: SPEED; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780329 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020013&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, M. U. AU - Setchell, R. E. AU - Cox, D. E. T1 - Shock Compression and Release Properties of Alumina-Filled Epoxy. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 685 EP - 688 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Alumina-filled epoxies are used to encapsulate ferroelectric ceramics in shock-driven, pulsed power devices. Device performance is strongly influenced by the shock compression and release properties of the encapsulant, which must be adequately understood in order to develop a capability for numerically simulating the operation of these power sources. In previous studies, Hugoniot states and release velocities were measured in reverse-impact experiments using laser interferometry (VISAR) at stresses up to 5 GPa. In addition, wave profiles were obtained in transmitted-wave experiments at fixed impact conditions as a function of initial temperature. These experiments showed an extended wave structure having a rise time that increased with decreasing temperature. In recent studies, Hugoniot states and release velocities at stresses up to 10 GPa have been obtained in reverse-impact experiments. Transmitted-wave experiments have examined the effects of wave amplitude on the wave structure and also the evolution of this structure with increasing propagation distance. Unsteady wave propagation with strongly viscous behavior is observed over the range of shock conditions examined. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EPOXY compounds KW - CERAMICS KW - MICROENCAPSULATION KW - SPEED KW - INTERFEROMETRY KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - EPOXY Catalog (Book) N1 - Accession Number: 14020012; Anderson, M. U. 1 Setchell, R. E. 1 Cox, D. E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p685; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: MICROENCAPSULATION; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Reviews & Products: EPOXY Catalog (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780331 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020012&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mattsson, A. E. T1 - Equation of State for a High-Density Glass. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 743 EP - 746 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Properties of relevance for the equation of state for a high-density glass are discussed. We review the effects of failure waves, comminuted phase, and compaction on the validity of the Mie-Grüneisen EOS. The specific heat and the Grüneisen parameter at standard conditions for a ρ0 = 5.085 g/cm3 glass (“Glass A”) is then estimated to be 522 mJ/g/K and 0.1 – 0.3, respectively. The latter value is substantially smaller than the value of 2.1751 given in the SESAME tables for a high-density glass with ρ0 = 5.46 g/cm3. The present unusual value of the Grüneisen parameter is confirmed from the volume dependence determined from fitting the Mie-Grüneisen EOS to shock data in Ref. [2]. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EQUATIONS KW - GLASS KW - WAVES (Physics) KW - HEAT N1 - Accession Number: 14019998; Mattsson, A. E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Computational Materials & Molecular Biology MS 0196, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0196; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p743; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Subject Term: HEAT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780345 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019998&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reinhart, W. D. AU - Chhabildas, L. C. T1 - Dynamic Strength of AD995 Alumina at Mbar Stress Levels. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 759 EP - 764 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - An investigation of the strength of AD995 alumina in the shocked state was assessed over the stress range of 26–120 GPa. Velocity interferometry was used to measure loading, unloading, and reloading profiles from the initial shocked state. These results show that alumina retains considerable strength at stress states exceeding 120 GPa. An important observation, as with some metals, is that there is a substantial increase in strength during reloading and a well-defined elastic behavior is observed. The unloading and reloading technique described also yields data to estimate a dynamic mean stress. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ALUMINUM oxide KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - SPEED KW - INTERFEROMETRY KW - METALS KW - RUBBER bands N1 - Accession Number: 14019994; Reinhart, W. D. 1 Chhabildas, L. C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Department 1647,Albuquerque, New Mexico; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p759; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: RUBBER bands; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326299 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780349 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019994&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, C. T1 - Fracture of the PBX 9501 High Explosive. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 786 EP - 791 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - In contrast to many brittle solids, crack initiation and propagation in PBX 9501 high explosive and its simulant are preceded by the formation and extension of a sizable bridging zone. In this investigation, fracture experiments on the high-explosive material, PBX 9501, were conducted. From the experimental measurement, we are able to determine quantitatively the stress-bridging law (or decohesion law) that characterizes the relationship between the bridging stress and the opening displacement across the bridging zone. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PHYSICS KW - RESEARCH KW - SOLIDS KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 14019988; Liu, C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p786; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780355 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019988&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martinez, A. R. AU - Hooks, D. E. AU - Dick, J. J. T1 - Longitudinal and Lateral Ytterbium Gauge Measurements in PBX 9501. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 792 EP - 795 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Experiments were performed with in-material ytterbium piezoresistive gauges in PBX 9501. Impact stresses were below 2 GPa. Experiments were performed in a few different target geometries, with gauges placed with varying depths, lateral distances, and adhesive environments. The gauge placement in the different geometries resulted in some differences in the data acquired. The most important discrepancies in the data resulted from the use of machined grooves for gauge placement. The variations in experimental design will be presented along with a comparison of the data acquired for these variations. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - YTTERBIUM KW - GAGES KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - GEOMETRY KW - EXPERIMENTAL design N1 - Accession Number: 14019987; Martinez, A. R. 1 Hooks, D. E. 1 Dick, J. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos,NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p792; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: YTTERBIUM; Subject Term: GAGES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780356 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019987&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peterson, P. D. AU - Mang, J. T. AU - Fletcher, M. A. AU - Olinger, B. W. AU - Roemer, E. L. T1 - Influence of Pressing Parameters on the Microstructure of PBX 9501. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 796 EP - 799 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Microstructural features, such as defects, crystal morphology, and crystal size distribution can dramatically affect the ignition sensitivity, performance, and mechanical properties of energetic materials. While these features can be characterized for the raw material, little is known about how they are altered during pressing. For example, in the preparation of a consolidated charge of PBX 9501, variables such as ultimate pressure, number of pressing cycles, dwell time, or rest time are varied in order to achieve nominal density of 1.830 g/cc. Although this density is met, differences in pressing parameters can lead to variations in microstructure between samples. To evaluate the effect of pressing parameters on the microstructure, three cylinders of PBX 9501 have been pressed at 5 kpsi, 15 kpsi, and 30 kpsi, using a 100 Ton heated steel die press. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) images taken at 144 locations within each cylinder show differences in porosity, crystal size and size distribution between cylinders and at different locations within the same cylinder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further verifies increased fracture and rubblization of HMX during pressing. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MORPHOLOGY KW - CRYSTALS KW - PRESSURE KW - DENSITY KW - MICROSTRUCTURE KW - MICROSCOPY KW - POROSITY N1 - Accession Number: 14019986; Peterson, P. D. 1 Mang, J. T. 1 Fletcher, M. A. 1 Olinger, B. W. 2 Roemer, E. L. 1; Affiliation: 1: High Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Engineering Sciences and Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p796; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: POROSITY; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780357 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019986&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Asay, B. W. AU - Son, S. F. AU - Busse, J. R. AU - Oschwald, D. M. T1 - Observations on the Mechanism of Reaction Propagation in Metastable Intermolecular Composites. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 827 EP - 830 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Metastable Intermolecular Composite (MIC) materials are comprised of a mixture of oxidizer and fuel with particle sizes in the nanometer range. They are a subclass of materials known as thermites. The mechanism responsible for the propagation of reaction in loose compacts is not well understood. We have conducted a series of experiments using high-speed photography and pressure transducers in an attempt to identify the dominant mechanism. We studied a mixture of aluminum and molybdenum trioxide. Of the four possible candidates (radiation, convection, conduction, and acoustic/compaction), these preliminary studies identify convection as the most likely. However, the extent of contribution of the other modes is not yet known and this will receive further study. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMPOSITE materials KW - OXIDIZING agents KW - FUEL KW - PARTICLE size determination KW - NANOSTRUCTURED materials KW - HIGH-speed photography KW - ALUMINUM N1 - Accession Number: 14019979; Asay, B. W. 1 Son, S. F. 1 Busse, J. R. 1 Oschwald, D. M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p827; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: FUEL; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: HIGH-speed photography; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article; Language: French L3 - 10.1063/1.1780364 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019979&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aslam, T. D. AU - Bdzil, J. B. AU - Hill, L. G. T1 - Analysis of the LANL Detonation-Confinement Test. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 831 EP - 834 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - In general, the confinement of a high explosive (HE) by differing inert materials can change the detonation speed and shock locus. The hydrodynamic basis of this effect can be understood by examining the pressure/streamline-deflection matching condition at the HE/inert interface. A relatively simple shock polar analysis provides a good leading-order prediction of the confinement effect on a propagating detonation. Here, studies of various detonation-inert confinement interactions are examined for PBX 9502. From a theoretical perspective, the appropriate shock polar analysis is carried out for several inerts of interest. It is shown that the phase speed of the shock along the HE/inert interface can play a role in the matching — which isn’t the case in the previous analysis for strong shocks in ideal gases. From an experimental perspective, we analyze the results of PBX 9502 sandwich tests, where the confining inert is changed from theoretically unconfined (polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)—plexiglas) to heavily confined (stainless steel (SS 304)). These experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions based on Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD). © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETONATION waves KW - SHOCK waves KW - PRESSURE KW - POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE KW - STAINLESS steel KW - LOS Alamos National Laboratory N1 - Accession Number: 14019978; Aslam, T. D. 1 Bdzil, J. B. 1 Hill, L. G. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p831; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Company/Entity: LOS Alamos National Laboratory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780365 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019978&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferm, Eric N. AU - Dennison, Steve AU - Lopez, Robert AU - Prestridge, Kathy AU - Quintana, John P. AU - Espinoza, Camilo AU - Hogan, Gary AU - King, Nick AU - Lopez, Julian D. AU - Merrill, Frank AU - Morley, Kevin AU - Morris, Christopher L. AU - Pazuchanics, Peter AU - Saunders, Andy AU - Baker, Stuart A. AU - Liljestrand, Rodger AU - Thompson, Richard T. T1 - Proton Radiography Experiments on Shocked High Explosive Products. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 839 EP - 842 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We studied the propagation of detonation waves and reflections of normal incident detonation waves in explosive products using the 800 MeV proton radiography facility at LANSCE. Using this system, we obtain seven to twenty-one radiographic images of each experiment. We have examined the experimental wave velocity and density of the materials ahead and behind of the shocks as inferred from radiographs and compare them to standard explosive equations of state. Finally we compare the experiments with calculations of the experiments using the MESA hydrodynamics code. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETONATION waves KW - SHOCK waves KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - RADIOGRAPHY KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - SPEED KW - DENSITY N1 - Accession Number: 14019976; Ferm, Eric N. 1 Dennison, Steve 1 Lopez, Robert 1 Prestridge, Kathy 1 Quintana, John P. 1 Espinoza, Camilo 1 Hogan, Gary 1 King, Nick 1 Lopez, Julian D. 1 Merrill, Frank 1 Morley, Kevin 1 Morris, Christopher L. 1 Pazuchanics, Peter 1 Saunders, Andy 1 Baker, Stuart A. 2 Liljestrand, Rodger 2 Thompson, Richard T. 2; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, NM 87544; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p839; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: RADIOGRAPHY; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: DENSITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780367 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019976&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hill, L. G. AU - Aslam, T. D. T1 - The LANL Detonation-Confinement Test: Prototype Development and Sample Results. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 847 EP - 850 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We present the prototype design of a precision “sandwich”-type test, which is optimized for studying the effects of inert confinement on detonation propagation. Design criteria and features are discussed, and sample data is presented for PBX 9502 with 304 stainless steel and PMMA confinement. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETONATION waves KW - SHOCK waves KW - PROTOTYPES KW - STAINLESS steel KW - DYNAMICS KW - LOS Alamos National Laboratory N1 - Accession Number: 14019974; Hill, L. G. 1 Aslam, T. D. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p847; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Company/Entity: LOS Alamos National Laboratory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780369 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019974&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee, K.-Y. AU - Kennedy, J. E. AU - Asay, B. W. AU - Son, S. F. AU - Martin, E. S. T1 - Preparation and Characterization of Fine-Particle NTO and Its Formulation with Al Nanopowders. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 855 EP - 858 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We have initiated study of the effect of nano-aluminum on the detonation performance of NTO. A novel method for the preparation of both fine-particle NTO (UF-NTO) and its formulation with Al nanopowder has been developed. Results from small-scale sensitivity tests on both the UF-NTO and aluminized NTO composite indicated that they are insensitive to impact, friction and HESD. The performance of both UF-NTO and NTO/Al mix was evaluated by detonation-spreading floret tests. At the same pressed density, it was found that, when initiated by a 3-mm-diameter flyer plate, the aluminized NTO composite produced a shallower dent on a copper witness plate than neat UF-NTO and thus was inferior to UF-NTO in detonation spreading. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ALUMINUM KW - DETONATION waves KW - SHOCK waves KW - TETRAHYDROFURAN KW - NANOPARTICLES KW - NANOSTRUCTURED materials N1 - Accession Number: 14019972; Lee, K.-Y. 1 Kennedy, J. E. 1 Asay, B. W. 1 Son, S. F. 1 Martin, E. S. 1; Affiliation: 1: MS C920, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p855; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: TETRAHYDROFURAN; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780371 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019972&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mulford, Roberta AU - Swift, Damian T1 - Reactive Flow in Nitromethane Using a Quasiharmonic Unreacted Equation of State. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 875 EP - 878 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - This work examines the suitability of an Arrhenius reaction rate for describing homogeneous initiation of nitromethane, CH3NO2. We use reactive flow models that include temperature as well as mechanical state to investigate shock initiation in nitromethane. We describe the construction of an unreacted equation of state to provide the accurate temperatures required to support a temperature dependent reaction rate within a reactive flow model. A quasiharmonic form based on the Grüneisen equations of state normalized to shock wave data but with a more rigorous treatment of thermal modes was used. A thermochemical model was used for the reaction products. The Arrhenius reaction parameters reported in the literature reproduced experimental data within this model, without adjustment. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ARRHENIUS equation KW - CHEMICAL equations KW - NITROMETHANE KW - SHOCK waves KW - DETONATION waves KW - EXPLOSIVES N1 - Accession Number: 14019967; Mulford, Roberta 1 Swift, Damian 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p875; Subject Term: ARRHENIUS equation; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equations; Subject Term: NITROMETHANE; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780376 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019967&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Strachan, Alejandro AU - Van Duin, Adri C. T. AU - Goddard III, William A. T1 - Initial Chemical Events in the Energetic Material RDX under Shock Loading: Role of Defects. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 895 EP - 898 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We use the recently developed reactive force field ReaxFF with molecular dynamics (MD) to study the role of voids on the initial chemical events in the high-energy material RDX under shock loading. We find that for strong shocks (particles velocity of 3 km/s) very small gaps (2 nm) lead to important over-heating (∼ 1000 K). This over-heating facilitates chemical reactions and leads to a larger production of small molecules (such as NO2, NO, OH) than in perfect crystals shocked with the same strength. The chemical reactions occur after the void has collapsed and the ejected material re-compressed rather than when hot molecules are ejected out of the downstream surface. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - MOLECULES KW - STRENGTH of materials KW - SHOCK waves KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - CRYSTALS N1 - Accession Number: 14019962; Strachan, Alejandro 1 Van Duin, Adri C. T. 2 Goddard III, William A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p895; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780381 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019962&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tarver, Craig M. T1 - On the Existence of Pathological Detonation Waves. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 902 EP - 905 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Pathological detonation waves with velocities greater than Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) have been proposed theoretically but never observed experimentally in gaseous, liquid or solid explosives. Two types of pathological chemical reaction zones have been identified within the Zeldovich - von Neumann - Doring (ZND) model: an exothermic chemical decomposition with a mole decrease from the von Neumann spike state to the C-J state; and an exothermic reaction followed by an endothermic reaction (eigenvalue detonation). The high temperatures reached in detonation reaction zones cause sufficient radial and atom formation to insure that enough moles are formed in gaseous 2H2 + O2 detonations. Aluminized explosives exhibit a slight mole decrease when the solid aluminum particles are oxidized, but this does not negate the large mole increase that occurs during explosive decomposition. Porous solid explosives whose products form with more cold compression energy than that of the solid are still a possibility for pathological detonation. Eigenvalue detonations have been postulated for H2 + Cl2 gas phase detonations and for plastic bonded solid explosives if endothermic binder decomposition follows exothermic explosive decomposition. Chemical kinetic and physical arguments are presented to eliminate these possible pathological detonations. In the case of H2 + Cl2, highly vibrationally excited HCl molecules dissociate Cl2 molecules during the exothermic portion of the reaction zone rather than later in the flow process. In the plastic bonded explosives, the binders are located on the surfaces of explosive particles and thus are exposed to hot spots created by the three-dimensional Mach stem shock front. Any remaining binder material rapidly reacts in collisions with the high, vibrationally excited reaction products formed during explosive decomposition. Therefore eigenvalue detonations are extremely unlikely to occur in gaseous, liquid or solid explosives. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETONATION waves KW - SHOCK waves KW - VON Neumann algebras KW - ATOMS KW - ALUMINUM KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - HIGH temperatures N1 - Accession Number: 14019960; Tarver, Craig M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-282, Livermore, CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p902; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: VON Neumann algebras; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780383 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019960&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Browning, Richard V. AU - Peterson, Paul D. AU - Roemer, Edward L. AU - Scammon, Richard J. T1 - Grit Particle Enhanced Non-Shock Ignition of Explosives. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 921 EP - 924 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Grit particles are used in explosive sensitivity tests, such as the drop weight impact test and the drop skid test, as sensitizing agents. In this paper we examine characteristics of common natural and industrial grit particles. They are observed in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. The fine particles can easily migrate around a facility and potentially become embedded in explosive surfaces. To study the effects of grit particles on ignition behavior we identify a simple configuration of particles cutting or grooving adjacent metal surfaces. We then present a process for analyzing the ignition characteristics. Estimates of the effective flow and fracture strength of the metals and explosive composites, on a scale of 1 to 100 microns, are used in chip forming models to calculate chip temperatures. Ignition characteristics are studied using a reactive heat transfer model of individual chips, as cut by grit particles, and held against an explosive surface. The models indicate that very small particles can cause ignition of adjacent explosives given the temperatures resulting from the chip forming process. These simulations are summarized in terms of non-dimensional variables. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOT (Pellets) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - HEAT transfer KW - PHYSICS KW - METALS N1 - Accession Number: 14019956; Browning, Richard V. 1 Peterson, Paul D. 1 Roemer, Edward L. 1 Scammon, Richard J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p921; Subject Term: SHOT (Pellets); Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: METALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332992 Small Arms Ammunition Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780387 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019956&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garcia, Frank AU - Vandersall, Kevin S. AU - Forbes, Jerry W. AU - Tarver, Craig M. AU - Greenwood, Daniel T1 - Pressure Wave Measurements Resulting from Thermal Cook-Off of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 947 EP - 950 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Experiments that investigate thermal and nearby explosion scenarios are needed to provide essential data to models for accurate predictions. A porous LX-04 (85/15 wt% HMX/Viton) sample was heated in a heavily confined donor charge until it thermally exploded. The reaction accelerated a steel cover plate across a 10 cm gap into a preheated gauged acceptor cylinder (near its theoretical maximum density) of LX-04. The carbon resistor gauges in the acceptor measured the resulting multi-dimensional ramp wave as it propagated through the pre-heated LX-04. Detonation of the LX-04 acceptor does not occur. Results are compared to similar experiments with acceptors at room temperature. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIONS KW - RESEARCH KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - IRON & steel plates KW - ACOUSTIC phenomena in nature KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019950; Garcia, Frank 1 Vandersall, Kevin S. 1 Forbes, Jerry W. 1 Tarver, Craig M. 1 Greenwood, Daniel 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p947; Subject Term: EXPLOSIONS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: IRON & steel plates; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC phenomena in nature; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780393 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019950&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gustavsen, R. L. AU - Sheffield, S. A. AU - Alcon, R. R. T1 - Shock Initiation of “Virgin” and “Recycled” PBX 9502 Measured with Embedded Electromagnetic Particle Velocity Gauges. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 973 EP - 976 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We have completed a series of shock initiation experiments on two types of PBX 9502 (95 weight % dry aminated TATB explosive 5 weight % Kel-F 800 binder). “Virgin” PBX 9502 contains 100% newly formulated material. “Recycled” PBX 9502 contains 50% new material and 50% ground up PBX 9502 machining scraps. It was formulated because of the expense of manufacturing TATB. Experiments were performed on a two stage gas gun at Los Alamos. Samples were prepared with ten or eleven embedded electromagnetic particle velocity gauges to measure the evolution of the wave leading up to a detonation. Additionally, one to three shock tracker gauges were used to track the position of the shock front with time and determine the point where detonation was achieved. Analysis yielded particle velocity - shock velocity (US -uP) Hugoniot points and run distances and times to detonation as a function of initial pressure. All results are consistent with previously published results on a different lot of Virgin PBX 9502 which were obtained with different experimental techniques. No significant differences in the shock sensitivity of the two formulations were observed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - RESEARCH KW - GAGES KW - ACOUSTIC phenomena in nature KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019944; Gustavsen, R. L. 1 Sheffield, S. A. 1 Alcon, R. R. 1; Affiliation: 1: Group DX-2: Material Dynamics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p973; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GAGES; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC phenomena in nature; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780399 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019944&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harry, Herbert H. AU - Uher, Kenneth J. AU - Hagelberg, Stephanie I. T1 - The Poly-rho Test as a Tool for Screening Explosive Performance. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 977 EP - 980 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A screening test was developed that can be used to decide if a new synthesized/formulated explosive might warrant further development. The test consists of a rate stick composed of 12.7 mm diameter by 12.7 mm high pellets of different densities ordered from lowest to highest, with ignition occurring at the low-density end of the stick. This “Poly-rho” test yields detonation velocities over a range of densities using only the small amount of the explosive typically generated by the synthetic organic chemist at an early stage of the scale-up process. The amount of material required is far less than that required for the typical rate stick series. Poly-rho tests on two explosives commonly used at Los Alamos National Laboratory, PBX 9501 and PBX 9502, were conducted and the results compared with empirical detonation-theory predictions and others’ explosive experiments. There was good agreement in both cases. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - ACOUSTIC phenomena in nature KW - MATTER -- Properties KW - SPEED KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019943; Harry, Herbert H. 1 Uher, Kenneth J. 1 Hagelberg, Stephanie I. 1; Affiliation: 1: Material Dynamics Group, DX-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p977; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC phenomena in nature; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780400 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019943&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Henson, B. F. AU - Smilowitz, L. AU - Asay, B. W. AU - Romero, J. J. AU - Oschwald, D. M. AU - Dickson, P. M. T1 - Measurement of the Specific Area of HMX and PBX 9501 by Physical Adsorption. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 981 EP - 984 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We present physical adsorption data on HMX and PBX 9501. Adsorption isotherms were obtained by pressure measurements using Krypton at liquid nitrogen temperatures. The data were analyzed to obtain the specific area of the samples. We observed a particle size dependence in the HMX crystals with small crystals having specific areas consistent with a solid geometric particle with the aspect ratio of an oblate spheroid. The larger particles, however, had specific areas above those predicted by the simple geometric surface area. This implies that the surface area of the larger particles is dominated by internal porosity and is relatively independent of particle size above approximately 100 micron diameter. The specific area of PBX 9501 was measured and agreed with that predicted by a calculation based on the particle size distribution and measured specific area of the component crystals. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CRYSTALS KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - ATMOSPHERIC temperature KW - KRYPTON KW - LIQUID nitrogen KW - POROSITY KW - PARTICLE size distribution N1 - Accession Number: 14019942; Henson, B. F. 1 Smilowitz, L. 1 Asay, B. W. 2 Romero, J. J. 1 Oschwald, D. M. 2 Dickson, P. M. 2; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Dynamic Experimentation, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p981; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: KRYPTON; Subject Term: LIQUID nitrogen; Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780401 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019942&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hooks, D. E. AU - Dick, J. J. AU - Martinez, A. R. T1 - Shock Experiments on Explosive Single Crystals. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 985 EP - 988 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - An increasing interest in the properties of single crystals of high explosives necessitates a continuing supply of these crystal samples. An overview of our capabilities for single crystal sample preparation and characterization will be discussed. Large single crystals are grown, then cut along specific Miller planes and polished. Perfection and orientation are confirmed through optical techniques and transmission Laue X-ray diffraction. Gas-gun impact experiments were performed on three orientations of HMX crystals. The experiments measured decay of the elastic precursor shock along the (110), (011), and (010) planes. The results show that the (010) plane has higher strength and lower decay rates, by a factor of almost 2, than the other two. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CRYSTALS KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - X-ray diffraction KW - IMPACT (Mechanics) KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019941; Hooks, D. E. 1 Dick, J. J. 1 Martinez, A. R. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p985; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: IMPACT (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780402 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019941&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horie, Y. AU - Hamate, Y. AU - Greening, D. AU - Dey, T. T1 - Reactive Burn Modeling of Solid Explosives with a Statistical Treatment of Hot Spots in Two Spatial Dimensions. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 989 EP - 992 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - This paper is a companion report to “A Statistical Approach on Mechanistic Modeling of High Explosives Ignition” in this proceedings. We present a generalization of the burn model for applications in multi-dimensions. The model is implemented on the hydrocode called “CASH.” We describe two test calculations in a cylindrical geometry. The first is concerned with the ignition by impact, followed by quenching. The second is the propagation of a steady detonation wave. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - GEOMETRY KW - DETONATION waves KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - TECHNICAL chemistry KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019940; Horie, Y. 1 Hamate, Y. 1 Greening, D. 1 Dey, T. 1; Affiliation: 1: Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p989; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: TECHNICAL chemistry; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780403 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019940&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parker, G. R. AU - Asay, B. W. AU - Dickson, P. M. AU - Henson, B. F. AU - Smilowitz, L. B. T1 - Effect of Thermal Damage on the Permeability of PBX 9501. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1009 EP - 1012 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - It has been known for many years that thermally-damaged explosive has significantly different mechanical properties when compared to its pristine state. These differences can have profound effects on the response to external stimuli. We present the results of a study to examine the effects of dynamic thermal damage on the permeability of PBX 9501 and compare these results with a nonenergetic simulant. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - METALS -- Mechanical properties KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - TEMPERATURE KW - DYNAMICS KW - PERMEABILITY N1 - Accession Number: 14019935; Parker, G. R. 1 Asay, B. W. 1 Dickson, P. M. 1 Henson, B. F. 1 Smilowitz, L. B. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1009; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780408 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019935&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saw, Cheng K. AU - Tarver, Craig M. T1 - Binder/HMX Interaction in PBX9501 at Elevated Temperatures. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1029 EP - 1032 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Plastic bonded explosives (PBX) generally consist of 85–95 % by weight energetic material, such as HMX, and 5–15 % polymeric binder. Understanding of the structure and morphology at elevated temperatures and pressures is important for predicting of PBX behavior in accident scenarios. The crystallographic behavior of pure HMX has been measured as functions of temperature and grain size. The investigation is extended to the high temperature behavior of PBX 9501 (95% HMX, 2.5 % Estane, 2.5 % BDNPA/F). The results show that the HMX β- to δ-phase transition in PBX 9501 is similar to that in neat HMX. However, in the presence of the PBX 9501 binder, δ-phase HMX readily converts back to β-phase during cooling. Using the same temperature profile, the conversion rate decreases for each subsequent heating and cooling cycle. As observed in earlier experiments, no reverse conversion is observed without the polymer binder. It is proposed that the reversion of δ-phase to β-phase is due to changes in the surface molecular potential caused by the influence of the polymer binder on the δ-phase. Upon thermal cycling, the polymer binder segregates from the HMX particles and thus reduces the influence of the binder on the surface molecules. This segregation increases the resistance for the δ-phase to β-phase transition, as demonstrated in an aged PBX 9501 material for which the reversion is not observed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PLASTICS KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - POLYMERS KW - MORPHOLOGY KW - TEMPERATURE KW - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY KW - COOLING KW - HEATING N1 - Accession Number: 14019930; Saw, Cheng K. 1 Tarver, Craig M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue L-350, Livermore, CA 94551 USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1029; Subject Term: PLASTICS; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: HEATING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326121 Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780413 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019930&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheffield, S. A. AU - Gustavsen, R. L. AU - Alcon, R. R. AU - Robbins, D. L. AU - Stahl, D. B. T1 - High Pressure Hugoniot and Reaction Rate Measurements in PBX9501. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1033 EP - 1036 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Single-stage and two-stage gas gun experiments have been completed to measure the unreacted Hugoniot of PBX9501 high explosive (HE). Two types of experiments were done: 1) PBX9501 was impacted with a higher impedance projectile and the interface particle velocity history was measured using a magnetic gauge glued to the HE front; 2) a PBX9501 disc was mounted in the front of a projectile that impacted a LiF window and velocity interferometers (VISAR) were used to measure the impact interface particle velocity history. Inputs to the PBX9501 ranged from 3 to 15 GPa in these experiments. Particle velocity waveforms show an induction time followed by a particle velocity change (the nature of the change depends on the type of experiment) corresponding to shock-induced reaction in the PBX9501. The induction part of the waveform provided unreacted Hugoniot information so several new high-pressure Hugoniot points were generated. These data do not indicate a softening in the unreacted Hugoniot at high pressures; more experiments will be necessary to determine this. By using an estimate for the reaction product EOS, it was possible to estimate the average PBX9501 initial reaction rate for each experiment. The induction time decreases with pressure and the reaction rate increases with pressure. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - COAL gas KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - PROJECTILES KW - SPEED KW - INTERFEROMETERS N1 - Accession Number: 14019929; Sheffield, S. A. 1 Gustavsen, R. L. 1 Alcon, R. R. 1 Robbins, D. L. 1 Stahl, D. B. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1033; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COAL gas; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: PROJECTILES; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780414 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019929&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smilowitz, L. AU - Henson, B. F. AU - Asay, B. W. AU - Dickson, P. M. AU - Oschwald, D. M. AU - Romero, J. J. AU - Parker, G. T1 - Morphology Changes during Thermal Decomposition of PBX9501. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1037 EP - 1040 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Our goal is to be able to predict the morphology of PBX9501 as a function of time at temperature. This is necessary in order to be able to predict the behavior of material that has been subjected to a known temperature trajectory. We have begun by studying the mechanism of the initial solid state phase transition between the beta and delta phases of HMX. This leads to a volume expansion and a large degree of mechanical damage in the material. On continued heating above the solid-solid phase transition, a solid to gas transformation occurs. We have monitored the solid to gas transition as a function of isothermal temperature and particle size in order to address mechanistic questions concerning chemical production of gas phase species by surface regression or internal pore formation. We have also performed experiments to characterize the morphology changes in the material caused by the loss of solid mass. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MORPHOLOGY KW - TEMPERATURE KW - MATERIALS KW - COAL gas KW - PARTICLE size determination KW - SOLIDS N1 - Accession Number: 14019928; Smilowitz, L. 1 Henson, B. F. 1 Asay, B. W. 2 Dickson, P. M. 2 Oschwald, D. M. 2 Romero, J. J. 1 Parker, G. 2; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Dynamic Experimentation, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1037; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: COAL gas; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780415 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019928&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Straight, J. W. AU - Idar, D. J. AU - Smith, L. AU - Osborn, M. A. AU - Viramontes, L. E. AU - Chavez, P. J. T1 - Measuring the Energy Release of Low Amplitude Impact of High Explosive Events. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1041 EP - 1044 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Predicting the degree of violence of high explosive (HE) reactions for a given event is desirable for risk assessments and a goal for computational models. Historically, different types of low amplitude impact tests on HE specimens have been performed to determine the critical impact-velocity threshold for high explosive violent reactions (HEVR). Additionally, the energy release relative to a steady-state detonation is also desirable for assessing the potential outcome of an accidental event. Traditionally, blast gauge measurements have been used to measure the overpressure of the HEVR event at a defined distance. This paper summarizes the use of this active technique coupled with a passive technique to derive average energy release curves for Modified Steven tests. A classic ballistic pendulum design was employed with the traditional blast gauge method. Calibration of the ballistic pendulum involved three elements. First, two mechanical measurements were related to the actual peak swing of the pendulum. Second, the general nature of the swing versus energy release curve was estimated. Two different approaches were used to estimate the momenta as a function of HE energy release using the Gurney relationships for an unsymmetrical sandwich. Finally, both techniques were simultaneously benchmarked with PBX 9501 calibration charges. Test results demonstrate the utility of using coupled diagnostic methods for low amplitude insult testing. Each set of data was fit to derive a working curve for the determination of the average energy release for HEVR event based on mass relative to a steady-state detonation. These tests results and working curve derivations are presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - RISK assessment KW - BLASTING KW - MEASUREMENT KW - PENDULUMS N1 - Accession Number: 14019927; Straight, J. W. 1 Idar, D. J. 1 Smith, L. 1 Osborn, M. A. 1 Viramontes, L. E. 1 Chavez, P. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1041; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: RISK assessment; Subject Term: BLASTING; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: PENDULUMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213115 Support Activities for Nonmetallic Minerals (except Fuels) Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213113 Support Activities for Coal Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780416 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019927&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Switzer, Lori L. AU - Vandersall, Kevin S. AU - Chidester, Steven K. AU - Greenwood, Daniel W. AU - Tarver, Craig M. T1 - Threshold Studies of Heated HMX-Based Energetic Material Targets Using the Steven Impact Test. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1045 EP - 1048 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Impact tests performed at low velocity on heated energetic material samples are of interest when considering the situation of energetic materials involved in a fire. To determine heated reaction thresholds, Steven Test targets containing PBX 9404 or LX-04 samples heated to the range of 150–170°C were impacted at velocities up to 150 m/s by two different projectile head geometries. Comparing these measured thresholds to ambient temperature thresholds revealed that the heated LX-04 thresholds were considerably higher than ambient, whereas the heated PBX 9404 thresholds were only slightly higher than the ambient temperature thresholds. The violence of reaction level of the PBX 9404 was considerably higher than that of the LX-04 as measured with four overpressure gauges. The varying results in these samples with different HMX/binder configurations indicate that friction plays a dominant role in reaction ignition during impact. This work outlines the experimental details, compares the thresholds and violence levels of the heated and ambient temperature experiments, and discusses the dominant mechanisms of the measured thresholds. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TESTING KW - SPEED KW - MATERIALS KW - FIRE KW - PROJECTILES KW - GEOMETRY KW - TEMPERATURE N1 - Accession Number: 14019926; Switzer, Lori L. 1 Vandersall, Kevin S. 1 Chidester, Steven K. 1 Greenwood, Daniel W. 1 Tarver, Craig M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1045; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: FIRE; Subject Term: PROJECTILES; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780417 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019926&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Urtiew, P. A. AU - Forbes, J. W. AU - Tarver, C. M. AU - Vandersall, K. S. AU - Garcia, F. AU - Greenwood, D. W. AU - Hsu, P. C. AU - Maienschein, J. L. T1 - Shock Sensitivity of LX-04 Containing Delta Phase HMX at Elevated Temperatures. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1053 EP - 1056 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - LX-04 is a widely used HMX-based plastic bonded explosive, which contains 85 weight % HMX and 15 weight % Viton binder. The sensitivity of LX-04 to a single stimulus such as heat, impact, and shock has been previously studied. However, hazard scenarios can involve multiple stimuli, such as heating to temperatures close to thermal explosion conditions followed by fragment impact, producing a shock in the hot explosive. The sensitivity of HMX at elevated temperatures is further complicated by the beta to delta solid-state phase transition, which occurs at approximately 165°C. This paper presents the results of shock initiation experiments conducted with LX-04 preheated to 190°C, as well as density measurements and small scale safety test results of the δ phase HMX at room temperature. This work shows that LX-04 at 190°C is more shock sensitive than LX-04 at 150°C or 170°C due to the volume increase during the β to δ solid phase transition, which creates more hot spots, and the faster growth of reaction during shock compression. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXPLOSIVES KW - PLASTICS KW - HEAT KW - TEMPERATURE KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - DENSITY N1 - Accession Number: 14019924; Urtiew, P. A. 1 Forbes, J. W. 1 Tarver, C. M. 1 Vandersall, K. S. 1 Garcia, F. 1 Greenwood, D. W. 1 Hsu, P. C. 1 Maienschein, J. L. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1053; Subject Term: EXPLOSIVES; Subject Term: PLASTICS; Subject Term: HEAT; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: DENSITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325920 Explosives Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326121 Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780419 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019924&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vandersall, Kevin S. AU - Murty, Susarla S. AU - Chidester, Steven K. AU - Forbes, Jerry W. AU - Garcia, Frank AU - Greenwood, Daniel W. AU - Tarver, Craig M. T1 - Investigation of Steven Impact Test Using a Transportation Hook Projectile with Gauged Experiments and 3D Modeling. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1057 EP - 1060 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The Steven Impact Test and associated modeling offer valuable practical predictions for evaluating numerous safety scenarios involving low velocity impact of energetic materials by different projectile geometries. One such scenario is the impact of energetic material by a transportation hook during shipping, which offers complexity because of the irregular hook projectile shape. Experiments were performed using gauged Steven Test targets with PBX9404 impacted by a transportation hook projectile to compliment previous non-gauged experiments that established an impact threshold of approximately 69 m/s. Modeling of these experiments was performed with LS-DYNA code using an Ignition and Growth reaction criteria with a friction term. Comparison of the experiment to the model shows reasonable agreement with some details requiring more attention. The experimental results (including carbon resistor gauge records), model calculations, and a discussion of the dominant reaction mechanisms in light of comparisons between experiment and model will be presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TESTING KW - SPEED KW - GEOMETRY KW - SHIPPING (Water transportation) KW - PROJECTILES N1 - Accession Number: 14019923; Vandersall, Kevin S. 1 Murty, Susarla S. 1 Chidester, Steven K. 1 Forbes, Jerry W. 1 Garcia, Frank 1 Greenwood, Daniel W. 1 Tarver, Craig M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National laboratory Livermore, CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1057; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: SHIPPING (Water transportation); Subject Term: PROJECTILES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488511 Marine shipping agencies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 483115 Deep sea, coastal and Great Lakes water transportation (except by ferries); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488390 Other Support Activities for Water Transportation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780420 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019923&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vitello, Peter AU - Fried, Laurence E. AU - Pudliner, Brian AU - McAbee, Tom T1 - Sparse Partial Equilibrium Tables in Chemically Resolved Reactive Flow. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1061 EP - 1064 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The detonation of an energetic material is the result of a complex interaction between kinetic chemical reactions and hydrodynamics. Unfortunately, little is known concerning the detailed chemical kinetics of detonations in energetic materials. CHEETAH uses rate laws to treat species with the slowest chemical reactions, while assuming other chemical species are in equilibrium. CHEETAH supports a wide range of elements and condensed detonation products and can also be applied to gas detonations. A sparse hash table of equation of state values is used in CHEETAH to enhance the efficiency of kinetic reaction calculations. For large-scale parallel hydrodynamic calculations, CHEETAH uses parallel communication to updates to the cache. We present here details of the sparse caching model used in the CHEETAH coupled to an ALE hydrocode. To demonstrate the efficiency of modeling using a sparse cache model we consider detonations in energetic materials. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ACOUSTIC phenomena in nature KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - DYNAMICS KW - CHEMICAL processes N1 - Accession Number: 14019922; Vitello, Peter 1 Fried, Laurence E. 1 Pudliner, Brian 1 McAbee, Tom 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1061; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC phenomena in nature; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780421 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019922&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Duan Z. T1 - Shock Dispersion in Composite Material with Polymer Binder. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1073 EP - 1076 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Many composite materials consist of elastic particles held together by a soft polymeric binder. Usually, the stress in the binder is strain rate dependent. Although in many cases the binder only occupies a few percent of the volume of the material, the macroscopic strain and strain rate of the composite come mainly from the deformation of the binder. For this reason, the strain and strain rate experienced by the binder are usually an order of magnitude larger than the macroscopic strain and strain rate of the composite, and the composite is more sensitive to the strain rate than the binder itself. To model shock wave propagation in the composite, it is essential to correctly account for the stress relaxation in the polymer. Modeling polymer behavior undergoing high strain rate deformations has been a challenge for many conventional polymer models. Recently, based on non-equilibrium deformation of polymer segments, a new constitutive relation for polymer gels has been developed. A distinguishing feature of the new polymer model is that for a short time, the stress relaxation kernel is inversely proportional to the square root of time. The kernel asymptotes to an exponentially decaying function only for long relaxation times. Based on the newly developed polymer model, a simple model for the particle-binder composite is obtained. Numerical simulations are carried out to compare shock wave profiles obtained from plate impact experiments at various shock strengths. Excellent agreements are found. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COMPOSITE materials KW - PARTICLES KW - BINDING agents KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - SHOCK waves KW - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 14019919; Zhang, Duan Z. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division, Fluid Dynamics Group, T-3, B216 Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1073; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: BINDING agents; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780424 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019919&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Funk, David J. AU - Meserole, C. A. AU - Hof, D. E. AU - Fisher, G. L. AU - Roberts, J. AU - Taylor, A.J. AU - Lee, H. J. AU - Workman, J. AU - McCulloch, Q. T1 - An Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction Apparatus for the Study of Shock Waves. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1155 EP - 1158 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The use of X-ray diffraction for the study of shock physics has been pursued for decades. Conceptually, changes in the diffraction line, including broadening and shifts, provide details about the nature of compression, plasticity, phase, and kinetics of the phase transition for the material being shock-loaded. In practice, X-ray source brightness, sample preparation, and turn-around times have limited the applicability to a few crystalline systems. We report our development of an ultrafast X-ray diffraction instrument suitable for studying rapid phase changes, including both solid-solid and solid-melt, in shock-loaded materials. Due to the relatively small sample sizes needed and to the ability to conduct thousands of shock physics experiments with these small samples, we can build up the statistics required to study elastic-plastic transitions, the kinetics of phase changes, as well as the mechanistic details of phase changes in nearly all materials, including high-Z samples. An overview of the technique and our initial source characterization are discussed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - OPTICAL diffraction KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - SHOCK waves -- Diffraction KW - CRYSTALS KW - OPTICS KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019900; Funk, David J. 1 Meserole, C. A. 1 Hof, D. E. 1 Fisher, G. L. 1 Roberts, J. 1 Taylor, A.J. 1 Lee, H. J. 1 Workman, J. 1 McCulloch, Q. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1155; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves -- Diffraction; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780443 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019900&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Furnish, M. D. AU - Trott, W. M. AU - Mason, J. AU - Podsednik, J. AU - Reinhart, W. D. AU - Hall, C. T1 - Assessing Mesoscale Material Response via High-Resolution Line-Imaging VISAR. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1159 EP - 1162 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Of special promise for providing dynamic mesoscale response data is the line-imaging VISAR, an instrument for providing spatially resolved velocity histories in dynamic experiments. We have prepared a line-imaging VISAR system capable of spatial resolution in the 10 – 20 micron range. We are applying this instrument to selected experiments on a compressed gas gun, chosen to provide initial data for several problems of interest, including: (1) pore-collapse in single-crystal copper (70 micron diameter hole; 2 different versions); and (2) response of a welded joint in dissimilar materials (Ta, Nb) to ramp loading relative to that of a compression joint. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IMAGING systems KW - RESOLUTION (Optics) KW - DYNAMICS KW - SPATIAL systems KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019899; Furnish, M. D. 1 Trott, W. M. 1 Mason, J. 1 Podsednik, J. 2 Reinhart, W. D. 1 Hall, C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque NM 87185 2: Ktech Corp, 2201 Buena Vista SE, Ste 400, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4265; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1159; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Optics); Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: SPATIAL systems; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780444 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019899&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gehr, R. J. AU - Bucholtz, S. M. AU - Rupp, T. D. AU - Robbins, D. L. AU - Stahl, D. B. AU - Sheffield, S. A. T1 - Line ORVIS Particle Velocity Measurements on the Laser-Driven Miniflyer Apparatus. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1163 EP - 1166 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A line optically-recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) was used to measure laser-driven flyer plates impacting windows of various materials. Since the particle velocity can be measured along a line, half the line measured the acceleration of the flyer plate as well as the effect of the impact on the window. The other half of the line measured the jump in particle velocity upon impact with the window because the window was mirrored on that half. This provided information about the flyer velocity and two independent measurements of the interface particle velocity resulting from the flyer impact. Hugoniot data for copper flyers were obtained. In addition, the flatness of the flyer plate during its acceleration and the effect of this flatness on the Hugoniot data obtained are discussed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PARTICLES KW - SPEED KW - MEASUREMENT KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019898; Gehr, R. J. 1 Bucholtz, S. M. 1 Rupp, T. D. 1 Robbins, D. L. 2 Stahl, D. B. 2 Sheffield, S. A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Los Alamos, NM 87544 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1163; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780445 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019898&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lemke, Raymond W. AU - Knudson, Marcus D. AU - Davis, Jean-Paul AU - Bliss, David E. AU - Harjes, H. Chuck T1 - Self Consistent, 2D Magneto-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Magnetically Driven Flyer Plate Experiments on the Z-Machine. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1175 EP - 1180 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The intense magnetic field generated in the 20 MA Z-machine is used to accelerate metallic flyer plates to high velocity (peak velocity ∼ 20–30 km/s) for the purpose of generating strong shocks (peak pressure ∼ 5–10 Mb) in equation of state experiments. We have used the Sandia developed, 2D magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulation code ALEGRA to investigate the physics of accelerating flyer plates using multi-megabar magnetic drive pressures. Through detailed analysis of experimental data using ALEGRA, we developed a 2D, predictive MHD model for simulating material science experiments on Z. The ALEGRA MHD model accurately produces measured time dependent flyer velocities. Details of the ALEGRA model are presented. Simulation and experimental results are compared and contrasted for shots using standard and shaped current pulses whose peak drive pressure is ∼2 Mb. Isentropic compression of Al to 1.7 Mb is achieved by shaping the current pulse. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - PLATES (Engineering) KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - HIGH energy forming KW - ELECTROHYDRAULIC effect N1 - Accession Number: 14019895; Lemke, Raymond W. 1 Knudson, Marcus D. 1 Davis, Jean-Paul 1 Bliss, David E. 1 Harjes, H. Chuck 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1186; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1175; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: HIGH energy forming; Subject Term: ELECTROHYDRAULIC effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780448 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019895&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - McGrane, S. D. AU - Moore, D. S. AU - Funk, D. J. T1 - Measurement of Shocked Thin Polymer Film Hugoniot Properties with Ultrafast Dynamic Ellipsometry. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1181 EP - 1186 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The shocked refractive index, particle velocity, and shock velocity are determined for laser shocked transparent thin polymer films using multiple angle/multiple polarization ultrafast microscopic interferometry to measure dynamic ellipsometric properties. The interferometry of shocked thin films exhibits phase shifts caused by (1) surface displacement of the Al/thin film interface and (2) interference of multiple reflections off the moving shocked/unshocked thin film interface. Results from interferometric measurements as a function of shock strength over the range 2–20 GPa illustrate that 625 nm polymethylmethacrylate films have the same material response to shock loading (Hugoniot) as macroscopic samples shocked with traditional plane wave generation techniques (from literature). Results for polyvinylnitrate thin films are presented over the range approximately 2–22 GPa. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLYMERS KW - THIN films KW - ELLIPSOMETRY KW - SURFACES (Technology) KW - REFRACTIVE index KW - INTERFEROMETRY KW - POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE N1 - Accession Number: 14019894; McGrane, S. D. 1 Moore, D. S. 1 Funk, D. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Material Dynamics Group, MS P952, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87544; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1181; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: ELLIPSOMETRY; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780449 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019894&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meserole, C. A. AU - Fisher, G. L. AU - Funk, D. J. T1 - Synthesis of Ideal Iron Film Samples for Shock Physics Experiments Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1187 EP - 1190 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The fabrication of iron (Fe) films epitaxially grown on single crystal magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates is presented. Our goal is the creation of ideal crystalline iron samples for shock physics experiments using ultrafast x-ray diffraction. There are several reasons for the choice of the Fe/MgO system. Iron is known to undergo shock-induced structural changes, and MgO is selected because it is a) transparent to the laser light used to generate the shock in the Fe film and b) there is only a 4% lattice mismatch between Fe and MgO. Issues such as generating a specific crystallographic orientation in the iron film and technical challenges in the synthetic process are discussed. The ultimate goal for producing a single crystal Fe film on MgO is to allow the merger of theory and experiment. A new ultrafast x-ray diffraction experiment will permit the detection of laser-driven shock-induced phase changes in the crystalline Fe samples. These experiments will complement an elegant MD investigation of a shocked Fe crystal.p. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IRON KW - MAGNESIUM KW - THIN films KW - X-ray diffraction KW - IRON crystals N1 - Accession Number: 14019893; Meserole, C. A. 1 Fisher, G. L. 1 Funk, D. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 U.S.A.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1187; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: MAGNESIUM; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: IRON crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780450 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019893&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reinovsky, R. E. AU - Anderson, W. E. AU - Atchison, W. L. AU - Faehl, R. J. AU - Keinigs, R. K. AU - Lindemuth, I. R. AU - Thompson, M. C. AU - Taylor, A. T1 - Shock-Wave and Material Properties Experiments Using the Los Alamos Atlas Pulsed Power System. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1191 EP - 1194 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The Atlas facility built by Los Alamos is the world’s first and only laboratory pulsed power system designed specifically to provide capability for shock-wave physics, materials properties, instability, and hydrodynamics experiments in converging geometry. Constructed in 2000 and commissioned in August 2001, Atlas completed its first year of physics experiments in October 2002, using ultra high precision magnetically imploded, cylindrical liners to reliably and reproducibly convert electrical energy to hydrodynamic energy in targets whose volume is many cubic centimeters. Multi-view (transverse and axial) radiography, laser-illuminated shadowgraphy, and VISAR measurements of liner and target surface motion, in addition to electrical diagnostics, provide a detailed description of the behavior of the experimental package. In the first year material damage and failure experiments, dynamic friction experiments, and a family of converging shock experiments were conducted in addition to a detailed series of liner implosion characterization experiments. These experiments will continue and additional series to evaluate material strength at very high rates of strain, ejecta formation from surfaces, and instability growth at interfaces will be added in the future. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SHOCK waves KW - PULSED power systems KW - ELECTRIC power systems KW - ENERGY storage KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - STRENGTH of materials N1 - Accession Number: 14019892; Reinovsky, R. E. 1 Anderson, W. E. 1 Atchison, W. L. 1 Faehl, R. J. 1 Keinigs, R. K. 1 Lindemuth, I. R. 1 Thompson, M. C. 1 Taylor, A. 1; Affiliation: 1: MS D420, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1191; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: PULSED power systems; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780451 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019892&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosolanková, K. AU - Kalantar, D. H. AU - Belak, J. F. AU - Bringa, E. M. AU - Caturla, M. J. AU - Hawreliak, J. AU - Holian, B. L. AU - Kadau, K. AU - Lomdahl, P. S. AU - Germann, T. C. AU - Ravelo, R. AU - Sheppard, J. AU - Wark, J. S. T1 - X-Ray Diffraction from Shocked Crystals: Experiments and Predictions of Molecular Dynamics Simulations. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1195 EP - 1198 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - When a crystal is subjected to shock compression beyond its Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL), the deformation it undergoes is composed of elastic and plastic strain components. In situ time-dependent X-ray diffraction, which allows direct measurement of lattice spacings, can be used to investigate such phenomena. This paper presents recent experimental results of X-ray diffraction from shocked fcc crystals. Comparison is made between experimental data and simulated X-ray diffraction using a post-processor to Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of shocked fcc crystals. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray diffraction KW - CRYSTALS KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - SHOCK waves KW - NUCLEATION N1 - Accession Number: 14019891; Rosolanková, K. 1 Kalantar, D. H. 2 Belak, J. F. 2 Bringa, E. M. 2 Caturla, M. J. 2 Hawreliak, J. 1 Holian, B. L. 3 Kadau, K. 3 Lomdahl, P. S. 3 Germann, T. C. 4 Ravelo, R. 5 Sheppard, J. 1 Wark, J. S. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 3: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 4: Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 5: Department of Physics, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968-0515; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1195; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780452 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019891&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lawrence, R. J. AU - Grady, D. E. AU - Hall, C. A. T1 - The Response of Ceramic Powders to High-Level Quasi-Isentropic Dynamic Loads. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1213 EP - 1216 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The pulsed-power Z machine, in an isentropic compression experiment (ICE) mode, will allow the dynamic characterization of porous materials—here various ceramic powders, e.g., Al2O3, WC, ZrO2—at roughly half their solid densities. A cylindrical configuration can provide megabar-level loads on an annulus of the sample material. Data will be provided by velocity interferometers that measure free-surface (or possibly interface) particle velocities. Differing sample thicknesses using stepped or conical geometries yield experimental efficiency by allowing multiple data records on single shots. With the p/α model for porous materials, the one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrocode WONDY provides the needed analyses. Based on static data, both power-law and quadratic crush curves are employed. Within the model constraints, we suggest that the most important parameter for characterizing the material is the crush strength, ps. With adequate sample thicknesses, the planned velocity measurements differentiate among the various assumptions for ps. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CERAMIC powders KW - ISENTROPIC expansion KW - THERMAL expansion KW - POROUS materials KW - ZIRCONIUM oxide KW - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing N1 - Accession Number: 14019887; Lawrence, R. J. 1 Grady, D. E. 2 Hall, C. A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185 2: Applied Research Associates, Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87111; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1213; Subject Term: CERAMIC powders; Subject Term: ISENTROPIC expansion; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780456 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019887&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nguyen, Jeffrey H. AU - Orlikowski, Daniel AU - Streitz, Frederick H. AU - Holmes, Neil C. AU - Moriarty, John A. T1 - Specifically Prescribed Dynamic Thermodynamic Paths and Resolidification Experiments. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1225 EP - 1230 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We describe here a series of dynamic compression experiments using impactors with specifically prescribed density profiles. These functionally graded density impactors are composed of materials whose densities vary from about 0.1 g/cc to more than 15 g/cc. The density profile of these impactors can be tailored to generate specifically prescribed thermodynamic paths in the samples. These paths include quasi-isentropes as well as combinations of shocks, releases and quasi-isentropic compressions. The time-scale of these experiments ranges from nanoseconds to several microseconds. The strain-rates in the quasi-isentropic compression experiments vary from approximately 104s-1 to 106s-1. We applied the quasi-isentropic compression technique to study resolidification of molten bismuth and water. In the water experiments, the observed particle velocity exhibits a two-wave structure and the water-ice phase transition time scales consistently with the sample thickness. Hydrodynamic simulations also suggest resolidification of bismuth. However, the calculated sound velocities of bismuth need further investigation. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - SOLIDIFICATION KW - ISENTROPIC expansion KW - THERMAL expansion KW - BISMUTH KW - WATER KW - HIGH pressure measurements N1 - Accession Number: 14019884; Nguyen, Jeffrey H. 1 Orlikowski, Daniel 1 Streitz, Frederick H. 1 Holmes, Neil C. 1 Moriarty, John A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Physics and Advanced Technologies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94550; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1225; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: ISENTROPIC expansion; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: BISMUTH; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: HIGH pressure measurements; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780459 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019884&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tasker, D. G. AU - Goforth, J. H. AU - Oona, H. AU - Fowler, C. M. AU - King, J. C. AU - Herrera, D. AU - Torres, D. T1 - Advances in Isentropic Compression Experiments (ICE) Using High Explosive Pulsed Power. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1239 EP - 1242 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We are developing a prototype high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) system to obtain isentropic Equation of State (EOS) data with the Asay technique. Our prototype system comprises a flat-plate explosive driven magnetic flux compression generator (FCG), an explosively formed fuse (EFF) opening switch, and a series of explosively-actuated closing switches. The FCG is capable of producing ∼10 MA into suitable loads, and, at a length of 216 mm, the EFF will sustain voltages in excess of 200 kV. The load has an inductance of ∼3 to 10 nH, allowing up to ∼7 MA to be delivered in times of ∼0.5 μs. This prototype will produce isentropic compression profiles in excess of 2 Mbar in a material such as tungsten. We will obtain isentropic EOS data for copper at pressures up to ∼1.5 Mbar with the prototype system, immediately after this conference; eventually we plan to reach several tens of Mbar with larger, more advanced systems. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PULSED power systems KW - MAGNETIC flux KW - MAGNETIC induction KW - PROTOTYPES KW - ELECTRIC inductance KW - ELECTRIC inductors KW - COPPER KW - TUNGSTEN N1 - Accession Number: 14019881; Tasker, D. G. 1 Goforth, J. H. 1 Oona, H. 1 Fowler, C. M. 1 King, J. C. 1 Herrera, D. 1 Torres, D. 1; Affiliation: 1: DX-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1239; Subject Term: PULSED power systems; Subject Term: MAGNETIC flux; Subject Term: MAGNETIC induction; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inductance; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inductors; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: TUNGSTEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780462 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019881&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baer, Bruce J. AU - Choong-Shik Yoo T1 - Vibrational Spectra of Dense Molecular Fluids in a Laser-Heated DAC: Implications to Shock Compressed Fluids. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1249 EP - 1252 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Recent technical advances have made it possible to obtain very useful spectroscopic information about simple molecules at temperatures and pressures exceeding 2000K and 10 GPa inside a diamond-anvil cell, which is well above any melting point for such systems. This is accomplished by obtaining vibrational spectra via Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy in conjunction with CW laser heating using a tungsten toroid as a laser target. By the simultaneous use of these techniques, vibrational spectra with relatively high signal to noise can be obtained despite the enormous thermal background generated by the incandescence of extremely hot laser heated material. Temperatures can be measured not only by fitting the Planck radiation to a graybody, but by the spectroscopic evidence of a Boltzmann distribution of molecules in their vibrationally excited quantum levels. Additionally, this technique allows for obtaining data at pressures and temperatures outside the region between the shock hugoniot and isentrope, complementing shock wave experiments. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - VIBRATIONAL spectra KW - MOLECULAR spectroscopy KW - RAMAN spectroscopy KW - MOLECULES KW - TUNGSTEN KW - TEMPERATURE KW - MAXWELL-Boltzmann distribution law KW - SHOCK waves N1 - Accession Number: 14019879; Baer, Bruce J. 1 Choong-Shik Yoo 1; Affiliation: 1: H-Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, CA 94566; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1249; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: TUNGSTEN; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: MAXWELL-Boltzmann distribution law; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780464 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019879&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Greenfield, S. R. AU - Swift, D. C. AU - Koskelo, A. C. T1 - Transient Interferometric Studies of Shocked Bicrystals. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1269 EP - 1272 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We have used a full-field displacement interferometry technique known as Transient Interferometric Microscopy (TIM) to generate displacement maps of surface motion at several delay times for single dynamic loading events. The high lateral resolution and out-of-plane displacement sensitivity allow the rich details of the motion of a single grain relative to the surrounding material to be quantitatively measured. Simultaneous line VISAR measurements allow detailed understanding of the complex surface motion. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERFEROMETRY KW - MICROSCOPY KW - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing KW - CRYSTALS N1 - Accession Number: 14019874; Greenfield, S. R. 1 Swift, D. C. 2 Koskelo, A. C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Advanced Diagnostics and Instrumentation Group, Chemistry Division 2: Plasma Physics Group, Physics Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1269; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780469 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019874&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, D. S. AU - McGrane, S. D. AU - Funk, D. J. T1 - Ultrafast Spectroscopic Investigation of Shock Compressed Energetic Polymer Films. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1285 EP - 1288 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Using ultrafast infrared absorption spectroscopy, we have observed shock induced changes to the vibrational spectra of nitrocellulose and polyvinyl nitrate films with ∼10 ps time resolution. The ca. 1 μm thin energetic polymer films were spin cast onto a thin (ca. 1 μm) aluminum shock driving layer, which had been vapor deposited onto a transparent substrate. A temporally-shaped ultrafast laser pulse was used to drive sustained shocks (10–20 ps rise, ∼200 ps at constant pressure) via laser ablation at the substrate/aluminum interface. The ultrafast infrared probing pulses, produced by optical parametric amplification and difference frequency generation techniques, provided ∼250 cm-1 coverage at ∼150 fs pulse length. The IR probe was split into reference and sample beams. The sample beam was reflected through the shocked energetic material, and both sample and reference beams were focused onto the slit of a small imaging IR spectrometer and then detected using a HgCdTe focal plane array. Reference spectra were used to normalize the sample absorption spectrum. Time-resolved changes of the absorption spectra were obtained by stepping the shock drive/probe time delay. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EXCITON theory KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - MOLECULAR spectroscopy KW - LASER beams KW - LASER ablation KW - MANUFACTURING processes N1 - Accession Number: 14019870; Moore, D. S. 1 McGrane, S. D. 1 Funk, D. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Materials Dynamics Group, MS P952, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1285; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780473 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019870&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Partouche-Sebban, David AU - Pelissier, Jean-Louis AU - Anderson, William W. AU - Hixson, Robert S. AU - Holtkamp, David B. T1 - Characterization of Sapphire for Optical Pyrometry in Shock Experiments. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1289 EP - 1292 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Pyrometry measurements on shock-heated metals are often performed through a transparent anvil. Sapphire is an interesting anvil, but is also known to emit light when shocked above its Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL). To study its optical response, we have carried out experiments in the 15–37 GPa pressure range on c-cut sapphire in contact with a metallic sample (tin or bismuth) or a lithium fluoride window. Even though a significant amount of light is emitted by sapphire, we notice that the signal rise is directly related to the volume of sapphire under shock-loading. Consequently, the window emission can be subtracted to infer the thermal radiation originating from the metal under study. A theoretical calculation of the expected pyrometer signals supports that point of view. These results give evidence that sapphire, despite its shock-induced optical emission above the HEL, can be used as a transparent anvil for quantitative pyrometry measurements at medium and high shock pressures. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PYROMETRY KW - TEMPERATURE measurements KW - CHEMICAL elements KW - SHOCK (Pathology) KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019869; Partouche-Sebban, David 1,2; Email Address: david.partouche@cea.fr Pelissier, Jean-Louis 1 Anderson, William W. 3 Hixson, Robert S. 3 Holtkamp, David B. 3; Affiliation: 1: Commissariatal'Energie Atomique, 91680 Bruyeres Le Chdtel, France 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory 3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1289; Subject Term: PYROMETRY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: CHEMICAL elements; Subject Term: SHOCK (Pathology); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780474 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019869&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - David Partouche-Sebban T1 - High Speed Multi-Wavelength Pyrometry and Emissivity Measurement of Shocked Metals. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1293 EP - 1298 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - In most shock experiments, the sample temperature needs to be measured in less than a microsecond. Currently, high-speed optical pyrometry seems to be the best way to perform this measurement. This is a challenge for any metal, particularly so at low shock pressures and for temperatures below 1000 K since, in this case, thermal flux is mostly emitted in the infrared spectrum where metal emissivities are generally low. An example of an optimized experimental design is presented, in which the strong optical background generally present in such experiments is eliminated. Moreover, when studying metals, pyrometry accuracy is mainly limited by the fact that the emissivity of the shock-loaded sample is not known accurately. As a result, we show how a careful choice of pyrometer wavelengths can minimize the effect of emissivity uncertainty. Finally, a recently developed technique based on integrated reflectometry allows measuring the sample surface emissivity during the experiment. It leads to a significant improvement on temperature accuracy and can be a means to detect phase transitions. Results on bismuth and tin are presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - TEMPERATURE measurements KW - MATHEMATICAL optimization KW - EXPERIMENTAL design KW - ANALYSIS of variance KW - STATISTICAL hypothesis testing N1 - Accession Number: 14019868; David Partouche-Sebban 1,2; Email Address: dmps@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 91680 Bruyères Le Châtel, France 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1293; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: STATISTICAL hypothesis testing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780475 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019868&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bessette, G. C. AU - Lawrence, R. J. AU - Chhabildas, L. C. AU - Reinhart, W. D. AU - Thornhill, T. F. AU - Saul, W. V. T1 - Multi-Dimensional Hydrocode Analyses of Penetrating Hypervelocity Impacts. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1323 EP - 1326 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The Eulerian hydrocode, CTH, has been used to study the interaction of hypervelocity flyer plates with thin targets at velocities from 6 to 11 km/s. These penetrating impacts produce debris clouds that are subsequently allowed to stagnate against downstream witness plates. Velocity histories from this latter plate are used to infer the evolution and propagation of the debris cloud. This analysis, which is a companion to a parallel experimental effort, examined both numerical and physics-based issues. We conclude that numerical resolution and convergence are important in ways we had not anticipated. The calculated release from the extreme states generated by the initial impact shows discrepancies with related experimental observations, and indicates that even for well-known materials (e.g., aluminum), high-temperature failure criteria are not well understood, and that non-equilibrium or rate-dependent equations of state may be influencing the results. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PHYSICAL sciences KW - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry KW - ALUMINUM KW - STOCHASTIC convergence KW - EQUILIBRIUM KW - EQUATIONS N1 - Accession Number: 14019862; Bessette, G. C. 1 Lawrence, R. J. 1 Chhabildas, L. C. 1 Reinhart, W. D. 1 Thornhill, T. F. 1 Saul, W. V. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1323; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780481 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019862&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoffman, Nelson M. AU - Swift, Damian C. T1 - Predictions of the Microstructural Contribution to Instability Seeding in Beryllium ICF Capsules. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1339 EP - 1342 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The constitutive properties of beryllium are anisotropic. During the implosion of an inertial confinement fusion capsule, it is possible for instabilities to be seeded from the microstructure. We are using experiment and theory to place constraints on the microstructure and loading history. The relation between surface roughness and amplitude of ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities has been characterized well. Here we present a method of relating the microstructure to an equivalent surface roughness, using continuum mechanical simulations of shock waves in polycrystalline beryllium. Beryllium was treated using a single-crystal plasticity model developed using ab initio quantum mechanics for the equation of state and elasticity, and laser-driven shock wave measurements to calibrate representations of dislocation and disclination dynamics. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - QUANTUM theory KW - MICROSTRUCTURE KW - MICROMECHANICS KW - STEREOLOGY KW - MATHEMATICAL physics KW - RHEOLOGY N1 - Accession Number: 14019858; Hoffman, Nelson M. 1 Swift, Damian C. 2; Affiliation: 1: X-l Applied Plasma Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: P-24 Plasma Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1339; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: STEREOLOGY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Subject Term: RHEOLOGY; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780485 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019858&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodriguez, G. AU - Roberts, J. P. AU - Taylor, A. J. T1 - Electromagnetically-Driven Cylindrical 2-D Shockwave Profile Measurements in Water with Laser Shadowgraphy. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1351 EP - 1354 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Experiments performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Atlas 23 MJ z-pinch capacitor bank facility allows for experimental characterization of electro-magnetically driven cylindrical shockwave implosions. Time resolved laser shadowgraphy is used to dynamically image an Atlas generated liner-target radial shock implosion in water with 2-D imaging detail that provides benchmark results for numerical hydro-code validation efforts at Los Alamos. Theoretical interest in these shock experiments arises since the shock propagation velocity is modified as shock-strengthening effects are predicted to occur as material flow approaches the region of on-axis convergence. Our laser shadowgraph measurements capture eight separate image frames of shockwave motion in the water with an overall spatial and temporal resolution of ±0.25 mm and 10 ns, respectively. Imaging of the shockwave radial shape and position inside the water volume allows for quantitative comparison with numerical simulations. A linear fit to the average radius 1-D shockwave trajectory plot yields a shock speed in the water of 6.65 mm/μs corresponding to a Mach 4 shock. Comparison of the measured shockwave trajectory with the numerical hydrodynamic simulation codes is performed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTROMAGNETIC devices KW - LASERS KW - ENERGY storage KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019855; Rodriguez, G. 1 Roberts, J. P. 1 Taylor, A. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Condensed Matter and Thermal Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1351; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC devices; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780488 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019855&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tokheim, R. E. AU - Erlich, D. C. AU - Curran, D. R. AU - Tobin, M. AU - Eder, D. T1 - Aerogel Algorithm for Shrapnel Penetration Experiments. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1359 EP - 1362 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - To aid in assessing shrapnel produced by laser-irradiated targets, we have performed shrapnel collection “BB gun” experiments in aerogel and have developed a simple analytical model for deceleration of the shrapnel particles in the aerogel. The model is similar in approach to that of Anderson and Ahrens (J. Geophys. Res., 99 El, 2063–2071, Jan. 1994) and accounts for drag, aerogel compaction heating, and the velocity threshold for shrapnel ablation due to conductive heating. Model predictions are correlated with the BB gun results at impact velocities up to a few hundred m/s and with NASA data for impact velocities up to 6 km/s. The model shows promising agreement with the data and will be used to plan and interpret future experiments. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - AEROGELS KW - CERAMIC materials KW - ALGORITHMS KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019853; Tokheim, R. E. 1 Erlich, D. C. 1 Curran, D. R. 1 Tobin, M. 2 Eder, D. 2; Affiliation: 1: SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1359; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROGELS; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780490 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019853&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buelow, S. J. AU - Anderson, J. E. AU - Aiken, A. C. AU - Arrington Jr., C. A. AU - Jones, B. T1 - Mass Spectral Studies of Shocked Salts and Nitrocellulose Polymer Films. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1377 EP - 1380 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A laser driven flyer was used to produce shocks in salt crystals and polymer films coated on stainless-steel substrates. Ions produced by the shock interaction were collected and analyzed by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Experiments examining shocked inorganic salts produced simple spectra. The spectra indicated the breaking of both ionic and covalent bonds in the shocked salts. Experiments examining shocked nitrocellulose films 0.5 to 20 μm thick produced larger ion signals. The ions appeared to be emitted over a 1–2 microsecond period in a stochastic manner. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SALT crystals KW - LASERS KW - POLYMERS KW - MACROMOLECULES KW - SPECTROMETERS KW - OPTOELECTRONIC devices KW - IONS KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019849; Buelow, S. J. 1 Anderson, J. E. 2 Aiken, A. C. 1 Arrington Jr., C. A. 3 Jones, B. 3,4; Affiliation: 1: C-PCS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: C-ADI, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 3: Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613 4: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston IL 60208; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1377; Subject Term: SALT crystals; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780494 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019849&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gammel, J. Tinka AU - Swift, Damian AU - Tierney IV, Tom T1 - Shock Response of Iron on Nanosecond Time Scales. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1385 EP - 1388 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Experiments were performed using direct laser irradiation to induce shock waves in pure Fe foils tens of microns thick, using surface velocimetry to measure the response. Compared with experiments on much thicker samples, relatively strong elastic precursors were observed, though these could be caused by the strong texture of the foils rather than the shorter time scale. There was also evidence for the onset of the bcc to hcp phase transition, starting close to the static phase boundary. Radiation hydrodynamics and continuum mechanical simulations were performed to interpret the velocity data, comparing several equations of state with polymorphism and strength. The data were consistent with a phase change rate of the order of 109/s, driven by superpressurization of about 5 GPa. The rate may also depend on texture. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IRON KW - NATIVE element minerals KW - LASERS KW - OPTOELECTRONIC devices KW - IRRADIATION KW - RADIATION KW - RESEARCH N1 - Accession Number: 14019847; Gammel, J. Tinka 1 Swift, Damian 2 Tierney IV, Tom 2; Affiliation: 1: T-1 Equation of State, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2: P-24 Plasma Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1385; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: NATIVE element minerals; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780496 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019847&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodriguez, G. AU - Clarke, S. A. AU - Taylor, A. J. AU - Forsman, A. T1 - Diagnosis of Ultrafast Laser-Heated Metal Surfaces and Plasma Expansion with Absolute Displacement Interferometry. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1401 EP - 1404 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We report on the development of a novel technique to measure the critical surface displacement in intense, ultrashort, laser-solid target experiments. Determination of the critical surface position is important for understanding near solid density plasma dynamics and transport from warm dense matter systems, and for diagnosing short scale length plasma expansion and hydrodynamic surface motion from short pulse, laser-heated, solid targets. Instead of inferring critical surface motion from spectral power shifts using a time-delayed probe pulse or from phase shifts using ultrafast pump-probe frequency domain interferometry (FDI), this technique directly measures surface displacement using a single ultrafast laser heating pulse. Our technique is based on an application of a Michelson Stellar interferometer to microscopic rather than stellar scales, and we report plasma scale length motion as small as 10 nm. We will present results for motion of plasmas generated from several target materials (Au, Al, Au on CH plastic) for a laser pulse intensity range from 1011 to 1016 W/cm2. Varying both, the pulse duration and the pulse energy, explores the dependence of the expansion mechanism on the energy deposited and on the peak intensity. Comparisons with hydrocodes reveal the applicability of hydrodynamic models. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LASERS -- Industrial applications KW - LASERS KW - OPTOELECTRONIC devices KW - METALLIC surfaces KW - METALLOGRAPHY KW - INTERFEROMETRY KW - OPTICAL measurements KW - RESEARCH N1 - Accession Number: 14019843; Rodriguez, G. 1 Clarke, S. A. 1 Taylor, A. J. 1 Forsman, A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Condensed Matter and Thermal Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 2: Photonics Division, General Atomics, San Diego CA 92121; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1401; Subject Term: LASERS -- Industrial applications; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: METALLIC surfaces; Subject Term: METALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: OPTICAL measurements; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780500 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019843&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rupp, Ted D. AU - Gehr, Russell J. AU - Bucholtz, Scott M. AU - Robbins, David L. AU - Stahl, David B. AU - Sheffield, Stephen A. T1 - Stereo Camera System for Calibration and Analysis of Small Laser-Driven Flyer Plates. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1405 EP - 1408 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - In order to analyze the flatness of the laser-driven projectiles in flight, a stereo camera system was developed as a diagnostic device. One camera was placed above the target and another on the side, both at 20° from the beam axis. Data from a known three-dimensional calibration target was acquired and used to normalize the projectile data by removing magnification, camera angle drift, and other system variables. The target was also used to determine the displacement along the beam axis from parallax. A Q-switched laser producing 8-ns FWHM pulses was projected through a grid to illuminate the projectile at a designated time during flight. The resultant data was analyzed to produce a three-dimensional representation of the projectile at that time in the projectile flight. Results discussed include projectile flatness and tilt, and issues with plasma containment. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STEREOSCOPIC cameras KW - CAMERAS KW - PHOTOGRAPHIC equipment KW - LASERS -- Industrial applications KW - LASER ablation KW - LASERS KW - OPTOELECTRONIC devices N1 - Accession Number: 14019842; Rupp, Ted D. 1 Gehr, Russell J. 1 Bucholtz, Scott M. 1 Robbins, David L. 2 Stahl, David B. 2 Sheffield, Stephen A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Los Alamos, NM 87544 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1405; Subject Term: STEREOSCOPIC cameras; Subject Term: CAMERAS; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAPHIC equipment; Subject Term: LASERS -- Industrial applications; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414430 Photographic equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443145 Camera and photographic supplies stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423410 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780501 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019842&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schmitt, Mark J. AU - Kopp, Roger A. AU - Moore, David S. AU - Mcgrane, Shawn D. T1 - Analysis of Laser-Driven Shocks in Confined and Unconfined Geometries. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1409 EP - 1412 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Pulsed lasers are convenient generators of shocks in materials. The efficacy of laser shock generation depends on several factors including laser-target coupling, laser pulse temporal shape and intensity, and the resultant pressure profile generated at the target surface. Target coupling is a dynamic mechanism that changes as the target surface evolves due to heating, ionization and ablation during laser irradiation. Confining a metal target surface using a transparent “tamper” material can increase the impulse transferred to the target, but also can cause decoupling of the laser energy from the target as the heated tamper begins to move the laser absorption region away from the metal surface. We have analyzed this process using the radiation hydrodynamics code Lasnex in an attempt to simulate experiments using planar targets and determine the coupling efficiency versus tamper material properties. Good agreement with experimental measurements of the shock pressure in Al and PMMA were obtain using laser absorption values of 40%. Dielectric tamping of the laser absorption increased the shock pressures by factors of 2 to 3. Further increases in pressure into the megabar regime were obtained inside the tamping dielectric as a radiatively-coupled ionization wave propagated back toward the laser. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LASERS KW - OPTOELECTRONIC devices KW - SOLID state electronics KW - LIGHT sources KW - IRRADIATION KW - RADIATION KW - RESEARCH N1 - Accession Number: 14019841; Schmitt, Mark J. 1 Kopp, Roger A. 1 Moore, David S. 1 Mcgrane, Shawn D. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1409; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780502 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019841&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tierney, T. E. AU - Swift, D. C. AU - Johnson, R. P. T1 - Novel Techniques for Laser-Irradiation Driven, Dynamic Materials Experiments. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1413 EP - 1416 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Dynamic loading experiments are described using nanosecond scale laser pulses of 2 to 1000 GW/cm2 over a region 5 mm in diameter. The laser irradiance was tailored to generate shocks or quasi-isentropic compression. The experiments include novel diagnostic techniques with high temporal resolution: transient x-ray diffraction (TXD) and polarization-dependent reflectivity (ellipsometry). TXD uses a laser-produced plasma to form an x-ray source. These x rays are collimated by a pinhole to form a Bragg scattering source, which allowed powder lines to be detected from polycrystalline samples such as beryllium foils. Ellipsometry has been demonstrated with 50 ps resolution using the reflectance of a pulsed 660 nm laser from silicon and tin samples through lithium fluoride windows. Ellipsometry can indicate phase changes and potentially yields estimates of surface temperature via the dielectric conductivity. The combination of TXD and ellipsometry with VISAR measurements provides precision characterization of dynamic material properties at high pressures. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - LASERS KW - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing KW - SILICON KW - OPTICS KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 14019840; Tierney, T. E. 1 Swift, D. C. 1 Johnson, R. P. 1; Affiliation: 1: P-24 Plasma Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1413; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780503 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019840&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Antoun, Tarabay H. AU - Lomov, Ilya N. T1 - Simulation of a Spherical Wave Experiment in Marble Using a Multidirectional Damage Model. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1423 EP - 1426 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - This paper presents experimental results and computational simulations of spherical wave propagation in Danby marble. The experiment consisted of a 2-cm-diameter explosive charge detonated in the center of a cylindrical rock sample. Radial particle velocity histories were recorded at several concentric locations in the sample. An extensively damaged region near the charge cavity and two networks of cracks were evident in the specimen after the test. The first network consists of radial cracks emanating form the cavity and extending about halfway through the specimen. The second network consists of circumferential cracks occurring in a relatively narrow band that extends from the outer boundary of the radially cracked region toward the free surface. The experiment was simulated using the GEODYN code and a multi-directional damage model. The model is developed within the framework of a properly invariant nonlinear thermomechanical theory with damage represented by a second order tensor that admits load-induced anisotropy such as was observed in the experiment. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - MARBLE KW - METAMORPHIC rocks KW - EXPERIMENTAL biology KW - EXPERIMENTAL ecology KW - POROUS materials KW - MATERIALS N1 - Accession Number: 14019838; Antoun, Tarabay H. 1 Lomov, Ilya N. 1; Affiliation: 1: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1423; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARBLE; Subject Term: METAMORPHIC rocks; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL biology; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL ecology; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780505 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019838&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drummond, Neil D. AU - Swift, Damian C. AU - Ackland, Graeme J. T1 - Ab Initio Model of Porous Periclase. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1436 EP - 1439 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A two-phase equilibrium equation of state (EOS) for periclase (MgO) was constructed using ab initio quantum mechanics, including a rigorous calculation of quasiharmonic phonon modes. Much of the shock wave data reported for periclase is on porous material. We compared the theoretical EOS with porous data using a simple ‘snowplough’ treatment and also a model using finite equilibration rates suitable for continuum mechanics simulations. (This model has been applied previously to various heterogeneous explosives as well as other porous materials.) The results were consistent and matched the data well at pressures above the regime affected by strength — and ramp-wave formation — during compaction. Ab initio predictions of the response of porous material have been cited recently as a novel and advanced capability; we feel that this is a fairly routine extension to established ab initio techniques. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POROUS materials KW - MATERIALS KW - EQUILIBRIUM KW - STABILITY (Mechanics) KW - SHOCK waves KW - CONDENSED matter KW - QUANTUM theory KW - PHYSICAL sciences N1 - Accession Number: 14019835; Drummond, Neil D. 1 Swift, Damian C. 2 Ackland, Graeme J. 3; Affiliation: 1: Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK 2: P-24 Plasma Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, UK; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1436; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: CONDENSED matter; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780508 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14019835&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lomov, Ilya N. AU - Antoun, Tarabay H. AU - Wagoner, Jeff AU - Rambo, John T. T1 - Three Dimensional Simulation of the Baneberry Nuclear Event. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1462 EP - 1465 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Baneberry, a 10-kiloton nuclear event, was detonated at a depth of 278 m at the Nevada Test Site on December 18, 1970. Shortly after detonation, radioactive gases emanating from the cavity were released into the atmosphere through a shock-induced fissure near surface ground zero. Extensive geophysical investigations, coupled with a series of 1D and 2D computational studies were used to reconstruct the sequence of events that led to the catastrophic failure. However, the geological profile of the Baneberry site is complex and inherently three-dimensional, which meant that some geological features had to be simplified or ignored in the 2D simulations. This left open the possibility that features unaccounted for in the 2D simulations could have had an important influence on the eventual containment failure of the Baneberry event. This paper presents results from a high-fidelity 3D Baneberry simulation based on the most accurate geologic and geophysical data available. The results are compared with available data, and contrasted against the results of the previous 2D computational studies. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NUCLEAR explosions KW - EXPLOSIONS KW - GEOPHYSICS KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - IMPACT (Mechanics) KW - PHYSICS KW - SIMULATION methods & models N1 - Accession Number: 14020180; Lomov, Ilya N. 1 Antoun, Tarabay H. 1 Wagoner, Jeff 1 Rambo, John T. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1462; Subject Term: NUCLEAR explosions; Subject Term: EXPLOSIONS; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: IMPACT (Mechanics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780514 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020180&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morris, J. P. AU - Glenn, L. A. AU - Heuze, F. E. AU - Bonner, M. P. T1 - Simulations of Underground Structures Subjected to Dynamic Loading Using the Distinct Element Method. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1470 EP - 1473 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - We present preliminary results from a parameter study investigating the stability of underground structures in response to explosion-induced strong ground motions. In practice, even the most sophisticated site characterization may lack key details regarding precise joint properties and orientations within the rock mass. Thus, in order to place bounds upon the predicted behavior of a given facility, an extensive series of simulations representing different realizations may be required. The influence of both construction parameters (reinforcement, rock bolts,liners) and geological parameters (joint stiffness, joint spacing and orientation, and tunnel diameter to block size ratio) must be considered. We will discuss the distinct element method (DEM) with particular emphasis on techniques for achieving improved computational efficiency, including the handling of contact detection and approaches to parallelization. We also outline the continuum approaches we employ to obtain boundary conditions for the distinct element simulations. Finally, our DEM code is used to simulate dynamic loading of a generic subterranean facility in hardrock, demonstrating the suitability of the DEM for this application. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing KW - UNDERGROUND construction -- Earthquake effects KW - UNDERGROUND construction KW - DYNAMIC testing KW - MATERIALS -- Testing KW - TESTING KW - EARTHWORK N1 - Accession Number: 14020178; Morris, J. P. 1 Glenn, L. A. 1 Heuze, F. E. 1 Bonner, M. P. 1; Affiliation: 1: Energy and Environment, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1470; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject Term: UNDERGROUND construction -- Earthquake effects; Subject Term: UNDERGROUND construction; Subject Term: DYNAMIC testing; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: EARTHWORK; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780516 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020178&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kennedy, James AU - Plaksin, Igor AU - Thomas, Keith AU - Martin, Eric AU - Kien-Yin Lee AU - Akinci, Adrian AU - Asay, Blaine AU - Campos, Jose AU - Direito, Jose T1 - Instrumented Floret Tests of Detonation Spreading. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 706 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 1500 EP - 1503 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - The floret test was originally devised to permit comparison of detonation-spreading performance of various insensitive explosive materials, using only the dent in a copper witness plate as a metric. Dent depth in the copper plate is directly related to the fraction of a thin acceptor pellet that was detonated by impact of a small explosive-driven flyer plate. We have now added instrumentation to quantitatively measure the detonation corner-turning behavior of IHEs. Results of multi-fiber optical probe measurements are shown for LLM-105 and UF-TATB explosive materials. Results are interpreted and compared with predictions from one reaction-rate model used to describe detonation spreading, and may be advantageous for comparison with other reactive-flow wave-code models. Detonation spreading in UF-TATB occurred with formation of a non-detonating region surrounding a detonating core, and re-establishment of detonation in a “lateral” direction beyond that region. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DETONATION waves KW - MINERALS KW - SHOCK waves KW - SHOCK (Mechanics) KW - WAVES (Physics) KW - PHYSICS KW - DYNAMICS KW - MECHANICS (Physics) N1 - Accession Number: 14020171; Kennedy, James 1 Plaksin, Igor 2 Thomas, Keith 1 Martin, Eric 1 Kien-Yin Lee 1 Akinci, Adrian 1 Asay, Blaine 1 Campos, Jose 2 Direito, Jose 2; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2: LEDAP, U. Coimbra, PORTUGAL; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 706 Issue 1, p1500; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1780523 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14020171&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stoll, Hermann AU - Puzic, Aleksander AU - van Waeyenberge, Bartel AU - Fischer, Peter AU - Raabe, Joerg AU - Buess, Matthias AU - Haug, Thomas AU - Höllinger, Rainer AU - Back, Christian AU - Weiss, Dieter AU - Denbeaux, Gregory T1 - High-resolution imaging of fast magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostructures. JO - Applied Physics Letters JF - Applied Physics Letters Y1 - 2004/04/26/ VL - 84 IS - 17 M3 - Article SP - 3328 EP - 3330 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00036951 AB - By combining magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy with a stroboscopic pump and probe technique using synchrotron radiation we are able to image the magnetization dynamics in micron sized magnetic particles on a sub-100 ps time scale with a lateral spatial resolution down to 21 nm. We report first observations in squared elements indicating locally varying precessional frequencies which are in agreement with micromagnetic simulations. The experiment opens a route towards a high spatiotemporal resolution of spin patterns which is needed to understand the microscopic origin of magnetization reversal of micron sized and nano-sized magnetic particles. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIZATION KW - MAGNETISM KW - NANOSTRUCTURES KW - PHYSICS KW - MAGNETIC materials KW - MATERIALS N1 - Accession Number: 12879363; Stoll, Hermann 1 Puzic, Aleksander 1 van Waeyenberge, Bartel 1 Fischer, Peter 1; Email Address: peter.fischer@mf.mpg.de Raabe, Joerg 2 Buess, Matthias 2 Haug, Thomas 2 Höllinger, Rainer 2 Back, Christian 2 Weiss, Dieter 2 Denbeaux, Gregory 3; Affiliation: 1: Max-Planck-Institute for Metals Research, Germany 2: Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, University Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 3193040 Regensburg, Germany 3: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CXRO, California; Source Info: 4/26/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 17, p3328; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1723698 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12879363&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alexander, C.S. AU - Cao, G. AU - Crow, J.E. AU - McCall, S. T1 - Srn+1RunO3n+1: nature’s engineered multi-layered systems JO - Journal of Alloys & Compounds JF - Journal of Alloys & Compounds Y1 - 2004/04/28/ VL - 369 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 2 SN - 09258388 AB - The 4d-electron based ruthenates, Srn+1RunO3n+1 (n=1 , 2, 3 and infinity) are correlated electron systems characterized by ground states that are highly dependent on the interplay between spin, charge, lattice and orbital degrees of freedom. These materials, which represent another example of nature’s engineered layered systems, exhibit astonishing dimensionality-dependence of their physical properties and a wealth of novel physical phenomena including unconventional superconductivity, ferromagnetism, metamagnetism, and quantum criticality. The distinct behavior displayed by these materials largely deviates from that seen in the more extensively studied 3d-electron systems and underscores the subtlety of electronic structures in the spatially extended 4d-electron systems. Research of these materials, which has recently attracted growing attention from the condensed matter physics community, opens an avenue to explore new physics unique to the 4d-electrons, and address fundamental issues common in correlated electron systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SUPERCONDUCTIVITY KW - STRONTIUM KW - RUTHENIUM KW - OXYGEN KW - Curie–Weiss law KW - Srn+1RunO3n+1 KW - TMO N1 - Accession Number: 12745115; Alexander, C.S. 1 Cao, G.; Email Address: cao@magnet.fsu.edu Crow, J.E. 1 McCall, S. 1; Affiliation: 1: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 369 Issue 1/2, p2; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; Subject Term: STRONTIUM; Subject Term: RUTHENIUM; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curie–Weiss law; Author-Supplied Keyword: Srn+1RunO3n+1; Author-Supplied Keyword: TMO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.09.094 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12745115&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jaime, M. AU - Kim, K.H. AU - Harrison, N. AU - Jorge, G. AU - Boebinger, G.S. AU - Mydosh, J.A. T1 - Magnetic-field-induced critical behavior in the hidden-order compound URu2Si2 JO - Journal of Alloys & Compounds JF - Journal of Alloys & Compounds Y1 - 2004/04/28/ VL - 369 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 33 SN - 09258388 AB - We investigate the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the specific heat (C), magnetization and resistivity of URu2Si2 fromT≈0.5 to 20 K in continuous and pulsed magnetic fields up to 45 T. The specific heat versus temperature at constant magnetic field shows that the transition atT0=17 K is shifted to lower temperatures and sharpened when the magnetic field increases, and is completely suppressed atH≈35.5 T. Between ∼36 and ∼39 T we observe a new first-order anomaly in the specific heat versus temperature. Above 40 T a Schottky-like contribution develops. We also find evidence of metamagnetism atH≈38 T. In the close proximity of the metamagnetic transition we observe evidence of quantum critical behavior in the temperature dependence of the resistivity. We use our data to construct a revised (H,T) phase diagram for this fascinating compound. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - URANIUM KW - RUTHENIUM KW - SILICON KW - Quantum critical KW - Specific heat KW - URu2Si2 N1 - Accession Number: 12745121; Jaime, M. 1; Email Address: mjaime@lanl.gov Kim, K.H. 1 Harrison, N. 1 Jorge, G. 1,2 Boebinger, G.S. 1 Mydosh, J.A. 3,4; Affiliation: 1: MST-NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA 2: Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 3: Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands 4: Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 369 Issue 1/2, p33; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: URANIUM; Subject Term: RUTHENIUM; Subject Term: SILICON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum critical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Specific heat; Author-Supplied Keyword: URu2Si2; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.09.043 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12745121&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jorge, G. AU - Jaime, M. AU - Harrison, N. AU - Stern, R. AU - Dabkowska, H. AU - Gaulin, B.D. T1 - High magnetic field magnetization and specific heat of the 2D spin–dimer system SrCu2(BO3)2 JO - Journal of Alloys & Compounds JF - Journal of Alloys & Compounds Y1 - 2004/04/28/ VL - 369 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 90 SN - 09258388 AB - We measured the magnetization versus field of SrCu2(BO3)2 using a 45 T, 400 ms pulsed magnet. By achieving good thermal coupling of the sample to the3He and4He baths, we obtained a realistic temperature-dependence for the 1/8, 1/4 and 1/3 magnetization plateaux. In addition, we measured the low temperature specific heat in continuous magnetic fields up to 18 T. We found that a contribution attributed to singlet spin–dimer excitations is suppressed with increasing magnetic fields. At fieldsH=12 T a second anomaly is evident that shifts to lower temperatures as the field increases. The second anomaly is attributed to triplet spin excitations that come closer to the ground state in presence of an external field. A linear extrapolation of this anomaly plotted versus field indicate that the gap associated to these excitations could be suppressed atH≈25 T, just before the 1/8 magnetization plateau. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIZATION KW - SPIN excitations KW - SPECIFIC heat KW - LOW temperatures KW - Magnetization KW - Specific heat KW - Spin–dimer system KW - SrCu2(BO3)2 N1 - Accession Number: 12745136; Jorge, G. 1,2 Jaime, M. 1; Email Address: mjaime@lanl.gov Harrison, N. 1 Stern, R. 3 Dabkowska, H. 4 Gaulin, B.D. 4; Affiliation: 1: MST-NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA 2: Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Bs. As., Buenos Aires, Argentina 3: National Institute of Chemical Physics & Biophysics (NICPB), Tallinn, Estonia 4: McMaster University, Physics and Astronomy, Canada; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 369 Issue 1/2, p90; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: SPIN excitations; Subject Term: SPECIFIC heat; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Specific heat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spin–dimer system; Author-Supplied Keyword: SrCu2(BO3)2; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.09.078 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12745136&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhou, Z.X. AU - McCall, S. AU - Alexander, C.S. AU - Crow, J.E. AU - Schlottmann, P. AU - Barilo, S.N. AU - Shiryaev, S.V. AU - Bychkov, G.L. T1 - Magnetic properties of GdBaCo2O5+δ single crystals JO - Journal of Alloys & Compounds JF - Journal of Alloys & Compounds Y1 - 2004/04/28/ VL - 369 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 105 SN - 09258388 AB - GdBaCo2O5+δ is an oxygen deficient perovskite system possessing a rich magnetic phase diagram. Magnetization, M(T), measured on GdBaCo2O5+δ single crystals reveals significant anisotropy along different crystal orientations. M(T) data show several magnetic regimes associated with different Co3+ spin states as well as dramatic differences for H applied parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis. Below 100 K, the paramagnetic contribution from Gd dominates M(T) and analysis suggests the presence of weak (paramagnetic Weiss temperature of only a few Kelvin) antiferromagnetic correlations between Gd sites. A metal–insulator transition withTMI=365 K is visible in both the transport and magnetic susceptibility measurements and appears to be associated with a spin state transition for the Co3+-ions. Upon cooling, a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic (FM) transition occurs at 267 K followed by a FM to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at 249 K. The effective paramagnetic moment for the Co3+-ions in the paramagnetic region, i.e.,270 K , Denmark##Department of Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14A, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2 Maslov, Sergei 3 Sneppen, ØK, is 2.06μB/Co suggesting a mix of low spin and intermediate spin states for the Co-ions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC materials KW - MAGNETIC measurements KW - ANISOTROPY KW - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY KW - Anisotropy KW - Magnetic measurements KW - Magnetically ordered materials N1 - Accession Number: 12745140; Zhou, Z.X. 1 McCall, S. 1 Alexander, C.S. 1 Crow, J.E. 1 Schlottmann, P. 1 Barilo, S.N. 2 Shiryaev, S.V. 2 Bychkov, G.L. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA 2: Institute of Solid State and Semiconductor Physics, The National Academy of Science, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 369 Issue 1/2, p105; Subject Term: MAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: MAGNETIC measurements; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetically ordered materials; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.09.082 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12745140&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nakotte, H. AU - El-Khatib, S. AU - Christianson, A. AU - Von Dreele, R.B. AU - Prokes, K. AU - Sechovsky, V. AU - Pereira, L.C.J. AU - Spirlet, J.C. AU - Rebizant, J. T1 - Effect of temperature on hybridization and magnetism in U2Pd2Sn and U2Ni2In JO - Journal of Alloys & Compounds JF - Journal of Alloys & Compounds Y1 - 2004/04/28/ VL - 369 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 273 SN - 09258388 AB - We report on the temperature variation of the interatomic distances in isostructural U2Ni2In and U2Pd2Sn, both of which order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures. Both compounds exhibit complex non-collinear arrangements of the magnetic moments confined to the tetragonal basal plane, which is perpendicular to the shortest interuranium distance along the c-axis at low temperatures. The different temperature dependencies of the shortest interatomic links between uranium and the transition metal (Ni or Pd) provide evidence for the dual nature of 5f–d hybridization in these two compounds. We argue that magnetic ordering in U2Pd2Sn arises due to increased 5f–d hybridization (promoting stronger exchange) while the reduced hybridization in U2Ni2In allows for the formation of stable U magnetic moments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FERMIONS KW - NEUTRON diffraction KW - INTERMETALLIC compounds KW - URANIUM KW - Heavy fermions KW - Intermetallics KW - Neutron scattering/diffraction N1 - Accession Number: 12745180; Nakotte, H. 1; Email Address: hnakotte@nmsu.edu El-Khatib, S. 1 Christianson, A. 2 Von Dreele, R.B. 2 Prokes, K. 3 Sechovsky, V. 3 Pereira, L.C.J. 4 Spirlet, J.C. 4 Rebizant, J. 4; Affiliation: 1: Physics Department MSC3D, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 874545, USA 3: Charles University, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic 4: European Commission, Institute for Transuranium Elements, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 369 Issue 1/2, p273; Subject Term: FERMIONS; Subject Term: NEUTRON diffraction; Subject Term: INTERMETALLIC compounds; Subject Term: URANIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heavy fermions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermetallics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron scattering/diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.01.015 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12745180&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Waters, Tom AU - Xue-bin Wang AU - Xin Yang AU - Lianyi Zhang AU - O'hair, Richard A. J. AU - Lai-sheng Wang AU - Wedd, Anthony G. T1 - Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Doubly-Charged Anions [MIVO(mnt)2]2- (M = Mo, W; mnt = S2C2(CN)22-): Access... JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society Y1 - 2004/04/28/ VL - 126 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 5119 EP - 5129 SN - 00027863 AB - Photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the electronic structure of the doubly charged complexes [MIVO(mnt)2]2- (M = Mo, W; mnt = 1 ,2-dicyanoethenedithiolato). These dianions are stable in the gas phase and are minimal models for the active sites of the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase family of molybdenum enzymes and of related tungsten enzymes. Adiabatic and vertical electron binding energies for both species were measured, providing detailed information about molecular orbital energy levels of the parent dianions as well as the ground and excited states of the product anions [MVO(mnt)2]-. Density functional theory calculations were used to assist assignment of the detachment features. Differences in energy between these features provided the energies of ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions from S(π) and S(σ) molecular orbitals to the singly occupied metal-based orbital of the products [MVO(mnt)2]-. These unique data for the MV species were obtained at the C2V, geometry of the parent MIV dianions. However, theoretical calculations and available condensed phase data suggested that a geometry featuring differentially folded dithiolene ligands (Cs point symmetry) was slightly lower in energy. The driving force for ligand folding is a favorable covalent interaction between the singly occupied metal-based molecular orbital (a1 in C2V, point symmetry; highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)) and the least stable of the occupied sulfur-based molecular orbitals (b1 in C2V, point symmetry, HOMO-1) that is only possible upon reduction to the lower symmetry. This ligand folding induces a large increase in the intensity predicted for the a' S(π) → a' dx²-y² charge-transfer transition originating from the HOMO-2 of [MVO(mnt)2]- under Cs point symmetry. Electronic absorption spectra are available for the related species [MoVO(bdt)2]- (bdt = 1 ,2-benzenedithiolato) and for the oxidized form of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase. The intense absorptions at ∼ 1.7 eV have been assigned previously to S(σ) → Mo transitions, assuming C2V geometry. The present work indicates that the alternative a' S(π) → a' dx²-y² of Cs geometry must be considered. Overall, this study confirms that the electronic structure of the M-dithiolene units are exquisitely sensitive to dithiolene ligand folding, reinforcing the proposal that these units are tunable conduits for electron transfer in enzyme systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy KW - PHOTOELECTRICITY KW - ELECTRONIC structure KW - ATOMIC structure KW - MOLYBDENUM KW - DIMETHYL sulfoxide N1 - Accession Number: 13123078; Waters, Tom 1 Xue-bin Wang 1 Xin Yang 2 Lianyi Zhang 1,3 O'hair, Richard A. J. 1 Lai-sheng Wang 2; Email Address: Is.wang@pnl.gov Wedd, Anthony G. 1; Email Address: agw@unimelb.edu.au; Affiliation: 1: School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3010. 2: Department of Physics, Washington State University, Richiand, Washington 99352. 3: W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richiand, Washington 99352; Source Info: 4/28/2004, Vol. 126 Issue 16, p5119; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: ATOMIC structure; Subject Term: MOLYBDENUM; Subject Term: DIMETHYL sulfoxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13123078&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mudring, Anja-verena AU - Corbett, John O. T1 - Unusual Electronic and Bonding Properties of the Zintl Phase Ca5Ge3 and Related Compounds. A Theoretical Analysis. JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society Y1 - 2004/04/28/ VL - 126 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 5277 EP - 5281 SN - 00027863 AB - Theoretical reasons for metallic behavior among diverse Zintl phases have generally not been pursued at an advanced level. Here, the electronic structure of Ca5Ge3 (Cr5B3 type), which can be formulated (Ca+2)5(Ge2-6)Ge-4 in oxidation states, has been explored comparatively by means of semiempirical and first-principles density functional methods. The FP-APW calculations show that alkaline-earth-metal and germanium orbitals, particularly the d orbitals on the cations and the p-π* orbitals of the halogen-like dimeric Ge2-6, mix considerably to form a conduction band. This covalency perfectly explains the unusual metallic properties of the nominally electron-precise Zintl phase Ca5Ge3 and its numerous relatives. Similar calculational results are obtained for Sr5Ge3, Ba5Ge3, and Ca5Sn3. Cation d orbitals appear to be a common theme among Zintl phases that are also metallic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ZINTL compounds KW - ELECTRONIC structure KW - ATOMIC structure KW - SEMICONDUCTORS KW - ELECTRONS KW - CATIONS N1 - Accession Number: 13123095; Mudring, Anja-verena 1 Corbett, John O. 1; Email Address: jdc@ameslab.gov; Affiliation: 1: Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011.; Source Info: 4/28/2004, Vol. 126 Issue 16, p5277; Subject Term: ZINTL compounds; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: ATOMIC structure; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: CATIONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13123095&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Striplin, Durwin R. AU - Reece, Steven Y. AU - Mccafferty, Dewey O. AU - Wall, Craig O. AU - Friesen, Duane A. AU - Erickson, Bruce W. AU - Meyer, Thomas J. T1 - Solvent Dependence of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in a Helical Oligoproline Assembly. JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society Y1 - 2004/04/28/ VL - 126 IS - 16 M3 - Article SP - 5282 EP - 5291 SN - 00027863 AB - The helical oligoproline assembly CH3-CO-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pra(Ptzpn)-Pro-Pro-Pra(RuIIb2m)2+ -Pro-Pro-Pra(Anq)-Pro-Pro-Pro-NH2, having a spatially ordered array of functional sites protruding from the proline backbone, has been prepared. The 13-residue assembly formed a linear array containing a phenothiazine electron donor, a tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chromophore, and an anthraquinone electron acceptor with the proline II secondary structure as shown by circular dichroism measurements. Following RuII → b2m metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excitation at 457 nm, electron-transfer quenching occurs, ultimately to give a redox-separated (RS) state containing a phenothiazine (PTZ) radical cation at the Pra(Ptzpn) site and an anthraquirione (ANQ) radical anion at the Pra(Anq) site. The redox-separated state was formed with 33-96% efficiency depending on the solvent, and the transient stored energy varied from -1.46 to -1.71 eV at 22 ± 2 °C. The dominant quenching mechanism is PTZ reductive quenching of the initial RuIII(b2m˙-) MLCT excited state which is followed by m˙- → ANQ electron transfer to give the RS state. Back electron transfer is highly exergonic and occurs in the inverted region. The rate constant for back electron transfer is solvent dependent and varies from 5.2 × 106 to 7.7 × 106 s-1 at 22 ± 2°C. It is concluded that back electron transfer occurs by direct ANQ˙- → PTZ˙+ electron transfer. Based on independently evaluated kinetic parameters, the electron-transfer matrix element is HDA ≈ 0.13 cm-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHARGE exchange KW - SPIRAL computed tomography KW - PROLINE KW - PHENOTHIAZINE KW - PHENYL compounds KW - MATRICES N1 - Accession Number: 13123096; Striplin, Durwin R. 1 Reece, Steven Y. 1 Mccafferty, Dewey O. 2,3 Wall, Craig O. 2 Friesen, Duane A. 2 Erickson, Bruce W. 2 Meyer, Thomas J. 4; Email Address: tjmeyer@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28036. 2: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514. 3: Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS A127, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545. 4: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA.; Source Info: 4/28/2004, Vol. 126 Issue 16, p5282; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Subject Term: SPIRAL computed tomography; Subject Term: PROLINE; Subject Term: PHENOTHIAZINE; Subject Term: PHENYL compounds; Subject Term: MATRICES; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13123096&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Regan, B. C. AU - Aloni, S. AU - Ritchie, R. O. AU - Dahmen, U. AU - Zettl, A. T1 - Carbon nanotubes as nanoscale mass conveyors. JO - Nature JF - Nature Y1 - 2004/04/29/ VL - 428 IS - 6986 M3 - Article SP - 924 EP - 927 PB - Nature Publishing Group SN - 00280836 AB - The development of manipulation tools that are not too ‘fat’ or too ‘sticky’ for atomic scale assembly is an important challenge facing nanotechnology. Impressive nanofabrication capabilities have been demonstrated with scanning probe manipulation of atoms and molecules on clean surfaces. However, as fabrication tools, both scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes suffer from a loading deficiency: although they can manipulate atoms already present, they cannot efficiently deliver atoms to the work area. Carbon nanotubes, with their hollow cores and large aspect ratios, have been suggested as possible conduits for nanoscale amounts of material. Already much effort has been devoted to the filling of nanotubes and the application of such techniques. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes have been used as probes in scanning probe microscopy. If the atomic placement and manipulation capability already demonstrated by scanning probe microscopy could be combined with a nanotube delivery system, a formidable nanoassembly tool would result. Here we report the achievement of controllable, reversible atomic scale mass transport along carbon nanotubes, using indium metal as the prototype transport species. This transport process has similarities to conventional electro-migration, a phenomenon of critical importance to the semiconductor industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NANOTUBES KW - TUBES KW - NANOSCIENCE KW - ELECTRON microscopy KW - NANOTECHNOLOGY KW - MATERIALS science N1 - Accession Number: 13009257; Regan, B. C. 1,2 Aloni, S. 1,2 Ritchie, R. O. 2,3 Dahmen, U. 2,4 Zettl, A. 1,2; Email Address: azettl@socrates.berkeley.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, California, USA 2: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, California, USA 4: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Source Info: 4/29/2004, Vol. 428 Issue 6986, p924; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: TUBES; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331210 Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1038/nature02496 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13009257&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karliner, Marek AU - Lipkin, Harry J. T1 - The narrow width of the Θ+ —a possible explanation JO - Physics Letters B JF - Physics Letters B Y1 - 2004/04/29/ VL - 586 IS - 3/4 M3 - Article SP - 303 SN - 03702693 AB - The narrow width of the exotic narrow baryon resonanceΘ+ might be explained by mixing between the two nearly degenerate states that arise in models with two diquarks and an antiquark. The only openΘ+ decay channel isKN . When two states both coupled to a single dominant decay mode are mixed by the loop diagram via this decay mode, diagonalization of the loop diagram decouples one mass eigenstate from this decay mode as in some treatments of theρ –π decay from the mixed singlet–octetω –φ system, theK* –π decay of the strange axial vector mesons and theNK couplings of some baryons. This mechanism can explain the narrow width and weak coupling ofΘ+→KN while allowing a relatively large production cross section fromK* exchange. Interesting tests are suggested inK−p reactions where backward kaon production must go by exotic baryon exchange. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physics Letters B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 12743191; Karliner, Marek 1,2; Email Address: marek@proton.tau.ac.il Lipkin, Harry J. 2,3,4; Email Address: ftlipkin@clever.weizmann.ac.il; Affiliation: 1: Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, England, UK 2: School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 3: Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 4: High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439-4815, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 586 Issue 3/4, p303; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.02.034 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12743191&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leibovich, Adam K. AU - Ligeti, Zoltan AU - Stewart, Iain W. AU - Wise, Mark B. T1 - Predictions for nonleptonicΛb andΘb decays JO - Physics Letters B JF - Physics Letters B Y1 - 2004/04/29/ VL - 586 IS - 3/4 M3 - Article SP - 337 SN - 03702693 AB - We study nonleptonicΛb→Λcπ ,Σcπ andΣc*π decays in the limitmb,mc,Eπ≫ΛQCD using the soft-collinear effective theory. HereΣc=Σc(2455) andΣc*=Σc(2520) . At leading order theΛb→Σc(*)π rates vanish, while theΛb→Λcπ rate is related toΛb→Λcℓν¯ , and is expected to be larger thanΓ(B→D(*)π) . The dominant contributions to theΛb→Σc(*)π rates are suppressed byΛQCD2/Eπ2 . We predictΓ(Λb→Σc*π)/Γ(Λb→Σcπ)=2+O[ΛQCD/mQ,αs(mQ)] , and the same ratio forΛb→Σc(*)ρ and forΛb→Ξc(′,*)K . “Bow tie” diagrams are shown to be suppressed. We comment on possible discovery channels for weakly decaying pentaquarks,Θb,c and their nearby heavy quark spin symmetry partners,Θb,c* . [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physics Letters B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 12743196; Leibovich, Adam K. 1; Email Address: akl2@pitt.edu Ligeti, Zoltan 2; Email Address: ligeti@lbl.gov Stewart, Iain W. 3; Email Address: iains@mit.edu Wise, Mark B. 4; Email Address: wise@theory.caltech.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA 2: Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3: Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute for Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 586 Issue 3/4, p337; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.02.033 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12743196&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barone, V. AU - Calarco, T. AU - Drago, A. AU - Simani, M.C. T1 - Retracted: “Flavor asymmetry of the polarized light sea: models vs. data”: [Phys. Lett. B 572 (2003) 32] JO - Physics Letters B JF - Physics Letters B Y1 - 2004/04/29/ VL - 586 IS - 3/4 M3 - Correction notice SP - 441 SN - 03702693 N1 - Accession Number: 12743211; Barone, V. 1 Calarco, T. 2 Drago, A. 3; Email Address: drago@fe.infn.it Simani, M.C. 4; Affiliation: 1: Di.S.T.A., Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, and INFN, Gruppo Coll. di Alessandria, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy 2: ECT*, Villa Tambosi, I-38050 Villazzano (Trento), Italy 3: Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, and INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy 4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 586 Issue 3/4, p441; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice L3 - 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.11.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12743211&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taub, H. AU - Hansen, F.Y. AU - Criswell, L. AU - Fuhrmann, D. AU - Herwig, K.W. AU - Diama, A. AU - Mo, H. AU - Dimeo, R.M. AU - Neumann, D.A. AU - Volkmann, U.G. T1 - Slow Diffusive Motions in a Monolayer of Tetracosane Molecules Adsorbed on Graphite. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 708 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 201 EP - 204 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Monolayers of intermediate-length alkane molecules such as tetracosane (n-C24H50 or C24) serve as prototypes for studying the interfacial dynamics of more complex polymers, including bilayer lipid membranes. Using high-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS) and exfoliated graphite substrates, we have investigated the relatively slow diffusive motion in C24 monolayers on an energy/time scale of ∼1–36 μeV (∼0.1–4 ns). Upon heating, we first observe QNS in the crystalline phase at ∼160 K. From the crystalline-to-smectic phase transition at ∼215 K to a temperature of ∼230 K, we observe the QNS energy width to be dispersionless, consistent with molecular dynamics simulations showing rotational motion of the molecules about their long axis. At 260 K, the QNS energy width begins to increase with wave vector transfer, suggesting onset of nonuniaxial rotational motion and bounded translational motion. We continue to observe QNS up to the monolayer melting temperature at ∼340 K where our simulations indicate that the only motion slow enough to be visible within our energy window results from the creation of gauche defects in the molecules. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MONOMOLECULAR films KW - MOLECULES KW - GRAPHITE KW - DIFFUSION KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) N1 - Accession Number: 13423899; Taub, H. 1 Hansen, F.Y. 2 Criswell, L. 1 Fuhrmann, D. 1,3 Herwig, K.W. 4 Diama, A. 1 Mo, H. 1 Dimeo, R.M. 5 Neumann, D.A. 5 Volkmann, U.G. 6; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA 2: Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 207 DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark 3: Infineon Technologies, Memory Products, Balanstr. 73, D-81541 Munich, Germany 4: Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 701 Scarboro Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA 5: Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8562, USA 6: Facultad de Física, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 22, Chile; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 708 Issue 1, p201; Subject Term: MONOMOLECULAR films; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1764115 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13423899&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hyunjung Kim AU - Rühm, A. AU - Lurio, L.B. AU - Basu, J.K. AU - Lal, J. AU - Mochrie, S.G.J. AU - Sinha, S.K. T1 - Polymer Film Dynamics with Coherent X-Ray Scattering. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 708 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 213 EP - 216 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - Surface x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (SXPCS) is applied for probing the dynamics of surface height fluctuations as a function of lateral length scale. We present the first experimental verification of the theoretical predictions for the thickness, wave vector, and temperature dependence of the capillary wave relaxation times for the supported polymer films above the glass transition temperature. Measurements were performed on polystyrene (PS) films of thicknesses varying from 84 to 333 nm. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray scattering KW - POLYMERS KW - GLASS transition temperature KW - QUANTUM electrodynamics KW - QUANTUM optics KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) N1 - Accession Number: 13423896; Hyunjung Kim 1 Rühm, A. 2 Lurio, L.B. 3 Basu, J.K. 4 Lal, J. 5 Mochrie, S.G.J. 6 Sinha, S.K. 7; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics, Sogan University, Seoul 121-742, Korea 2: Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, Germany 3: Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA 4: Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinios, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA 5: Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA 6: Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA 7: Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 and LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 708 Issue 1, p213; Subject Term: X-ray scattering; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Subject Term: QUANTUM electrodynamics; Subject Term: QUANTUM optics; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1764118 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13423896&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kadau, K. AU - Germann, T.C. AU - Hadjiconstantinou, N.G. AU - Dimonte, G. AU - Lomdahl, P.S. AU - Holian, B.L. AU - Alder, B.J. T1 - Molecular Dynamics Compared to Hydrodynamics for Rayleigh-Taylor Instability. JO - AIP Conference Proceedings JF - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 708 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 376 EP - 378 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 0094243X AB - A massively parallel molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation of some 100 million particles is compared to theoretical Navier-Stokes (NS) predictions, continuum NS simulations, and experimental observations of the Rayleigh-Taylor fluid instability. Smaller MD simulations were performed to verify the initial exponential rise of a single bubble, as predicted analytically for both miscible and immiscible fluids. The penetration of spikes of heavy fluid into light, along with bubbles of light rising into heavy, grows as the square of time at long times—with experiment and both atomistic and continuum computer simulation in 20% agreement. However, part of the differences may be due to dependence upon initial conditions, whose influence on the growth of individual modes was studied for two different cases: an initial interface formed by a single sinusoidal perturbation vs. one perturbed only by thermal fluctuations. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - HYDRODYNAMICS KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - FLUID mechanics KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics) KW - RAYLEIGH flow N1 - Accession Number: 13423835; Kadau, K. 1 Germann, T.C. 1 Hadjiconstantinou, N.G. 2 Dimonte, G. 1 Lomdahl, P.S. 1 Holian, B.L. 1 Alder, B.J. 3; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 massachusetts avenue cambridge, ma 02139-4307, USA 3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550-9234, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 708 Issue 1, p376; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Subject Term: RAYLEIGH flow; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1764179 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13423835&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Facciotti, Marc T. AU - Rouhani, Shahab AU - Glaeser, Robert M. T1 - Crystal structures of bR(D85S) favor a model of bacteriorhodopsin as a hydroxyl-ion pump JO - FEBS Letters JF - FEBS Letters Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 564 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 301 SN - 00145793 AB - Structural features on the extracellular side of the D85S mutant of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) suggest that wild-type bR could be a hydroxyl-ion pump. A position between the protonated Schiff base and residue 85 serves as an anion-binding site in the mutant protein, and hydroxyl ions should have access to this site during the O-intermediate of the wild-type bR photocycle. The guanidinium group of R82 is proposed (1) to serve as a shuttle that eliminates the Born energy penalty for entry of an anion into this binding pocket, and conversely, (2) to block the exit of a proton or a related proton carrier. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of FEBS Letters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BACTERIORHODOPSIN KW - BINDING sites (Biochemistry) KW - CRYSTALS KW - ION pumps KW - Bacteriorhodopsin KW - Hydroxyl ion KW - Ion pump N1 - Accession Number: 12906554; Facciotti, Marc T. 1; Email Address: mfacciotti@systemsbiology.org Rouhani, Shahab 2; Email Address: srmanshadi@lbl.gov Glaeser, Robert M. 2,3; Email Address: rmglaeser@lbl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103, USA 2: Donner Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 564 Issue 3, p301; Subject Term: BACTERIORHODOPSIN; Subject Term: BINDING sites (Biochemistry); Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: ION pumps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteriorhodopsin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl ion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion pump; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00208-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12906554&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, Wan-Nan U. AU - Woodbury, Ronald L. AU - Kathmann, Loel E. AU - Opresko, Lee K. AU - Zangar, Richard C. AU - Wiley, H. Steven AU - Thrall, Brian D. T1 - Induced Autocrine Signaling through the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Contributes to the Response of Mammary Epithelial Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor α. JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 279 IS - 18 M3 - Article SP - 18488 EP - 18496 SN - 00219258 AB - In contrast to the well known cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a in many mammary cancer cells, we have found that TNF stimulates the proliferation and motility of human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Since the response of HMECs to TNF is similar to effects mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, we explored the potential role of cross-talk through the EGFR signaling pathways in mediating cellular responses to TNF. Using a microarray enzyme-linked immunoassay, we found that exposure to TNF stimulated the dose-dependent shedding of the EGFR ligand transforming growth factor a (TGFα). Both proliferation and motility of HMECs induced by TNF was prevented either by inhibiting membrane protein shedding with a metalloprotease inhibitor, by blocking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase activity, or by limiting ligand-receptor interactions with an antagonistic anti-EGFR antibody. EGFR activity was also necessary for TNF-induced release of matrix metalloprotease-9, thought to be an essential regulator of mammary cell migration. The cellular response to TNF was associated with a biphasic temporal pattern of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, which was EGFR-dependent and modulated by inhibition of metalloprotease-mediated shedding. Significantly, the late phase of ERK phosphorylation, detectable within 4 h after exposure, was blocked by the metalloprotease inhibitor batimastat, indicating that autocrine signaling through ligand shedding was responsible for this secondary wave of ERK activity. Our results indicate a novel and important role for metalloprotease activation and EGFR transmodulation in mediating the cellular response to TNF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Biological Chemistry is the property of American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TUMOR necrosis factor KW - GROWTH factors KW - CYTOKINES KW - EPITHELIAL cells KW - PHOSPHORYLATION KW - IMMUNOASSAY KW - BIOCHEMISTRY N1 - Accession Number: 13273747; Chen, Wan-Nan U. 1 Woodbury, Ronald L. 1 Kathmann, Loel E. 1 Opresko, Lee K. 1 Zangar, Richard C. 1 Wiley, H. Steven 1 Thrall, Brian D. 1; Email Address: brian.thrall@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Cell Biology Group, Biological Sciences, Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; Source Info: 4/30/2004, Vol. 279 Issue 18, p18488; Subject Term: TUMOR necrosis factor; Subject Term: GROWTH factors; Subject Term: CYTOKINES; Subject Term: EPITHELIAL cells; Subject Term: PHOSPHORYLATION; Subject Term: IMMUNOASSAY; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1074/jbc.M310874200 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13273747&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heller, William T. AU - Vigil, Dominico AU - Brown, Simon AU - Blumenthal, Donald K. AU - Taylor, Susan S. AU - Trewhella, Jill T1 - C Subunits Binding to the Protein Kinase A RIα Dimer Induce a Large Conformational Change. JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 279 IS - 18 M3 - Article SP - 19084 EP - 19090 SN - 00219258 AB - We present structural data on the RIα isoform of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A that reveal, for the first time, a large scale conformational change within the RIα homodimer upon catalytic subunit binding. This result infers that the inhibition of catalytic subunit activity is not the result of a simple docking process but rather is a multi-step process involving local conformational changes both in the cAMP-binding domains as well as in the linker region of the regulatory subunit that impact the global structure of the regulatory homodimer. The results were obtained using small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation and deuterium labeling. From these experiments we derived information on the shapes and dispositions of the catalytic subunits and regulatory homodimer within a holoenzyme reconstituted with a deuterated regulatory subunit. The scattering data also show that, despite extensive sequence homology between the isoforms, the overall structure of the type Iα holoenzyme is significantly more compact than the type IIα isoform. We present a model of the type Iα holoenzyme, built using available high-resolution structures of the component subunits and domains, which best fits the neutron-scattering data. In this model, the type Iα holoenzyme forms a flattened V shape with the RIα dimerization domain at the point of the V and the cAMP-binding domains of the RIα subunits with their bound catalytic subunits at the ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Biological Chemistry is the property of American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROTEIN kinases KW - ADENYLIC acid KW - CATALYTIC RNA KW - NUCLEASES KW - RNA KW - HOMOLOGY (Biology) N1 - Accession Number: 13273819; Heller, William T. 1,2 Vigil, Dominico 3 Brown, Simon 3 Blumenthal, Donald K. 4 Taylor, Susan S. 3 Trewhella, Jill 1; Email Address: jtrewhella@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 2: Condensed Matter Sciences Division and Center for Structural Molecular Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 4: Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Source Info: 4/30/2004, Vol. 279 Issue 18, p19084; Subject Term: PROTEIN kinases; Subject Term: ADENYLIC acid; Subject Term: CATALYTIC RNA; Subject Term: NUCLEASES; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: HOMOLOGY (Biology); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1074/jbc.M313405200 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13273819&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nizamov AU - B. AU - Leone AU - S. R. T1 - Rate Coefficients and Kinetic Isotope Effect for the C2H Reactions with NH3 and ND3 in the 104-294 K Temperature Range. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 108 IS - 17 M3 - Article SP - 3766 EP - 3771 SN - 10895639 AB - Reactions of C2H with NH3 and ND3 are studied at low temperature using a pulsed Laval nozzle apparatus. The C2H radical is prepared by 193 nm photolysis of acetylene, and the C2H concentration is monitored using CH(A2Δ) chemiluminescence from the C2H + O2 reaction. The rate constants for the C2H + NH3 and C2H + ND3 reactions are measured at three temperatures, 104 ± 5 K, 165 ± 15 K, and 296 ± 2 K. Measured rate constants are fit to power law expressions, k(T) = A(T/298)n, for ease of comparison with the results for the related CN + NH3 reaction and to emphasize the importance of the attractive part of intermolecular interaction potential in the reaction mechanism. The rate constants are (2.9 ± 0.7) × 10-11 × (T/298 K)(-0.90 ± 0.15) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-11 × (T/298 K)(-0.82 ± 0.026) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for NH3 and ND3, respectively. A large kinetic isotope effect is observed, k(C2H + NH3)/k(C2H + ND3) = 2.0 ± 0.2, which within experimental uncertainty does not depend on the temperature in the 104-296 K range. Previous theoretical work shows that a hydrogen abstraction channel, C2H + NH3 → C2H2 + NH2, is a possible mechanism for the C2H + NH3 reaction since the minimum energy path for this channel does not have an activation barrier. This theoretical prediction is consistent with the strong negative temperature dependence of the rate coefficients for the C2H + NH3 reaction observed in this work, which clearly shows that the C2H + NH3 reaction does not have a barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - MOLECULES KW - HUMAN error KW - UNCERTAINTY N1 - Accession Number: 12942489; Nizamov B. 1 Leone S. R. 1; Affiliation: 1: Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 17, p3766; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: HUMAN error; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12942489&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Malko AU - A. V. AU - Mikhailovsky AU - A. A. AU - Petruska AU - M. A. AU - Hollingsworth AU - J. A. AU - Klimov AU - V. I. T1 - Interplay between Optical Gain and Photoinduced Absorption in CdSe Nanocrystals. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry B JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 108 IS - 17 M3 - Article SP - 5250 EP - 5255 SN - 15206106 AB - A potential complication associated with the realization of the optical-gain regime in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) arises from the competing phenomenon of excited-state absorption. Here, we apply an ultrafast transient absorption technique to study the competition between optical gain and excited-state (photoinduced) absorption in CdSe NCs as a function of NC size, surface passivation, and solvent/matrix identity. We observe that for NCs prepared in such a commonly used solvent as hexane, the contribution from photoinduced absorption rapidly increases with decreasing NC radius, and it completely suppresses optical gain in NCs of small sizes. Further, the magnitude of photoinduced absorption is sensitive both to the type and the quality of surface passivation, as well as to the identity of the solvent/matrix material. These observations, along with a strong size dependence, indicate that photoinduced absorption interfering with optical gain is not intrinsic to CdSe NCs but, instead, results from the involvement of NC interface states/processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ABSORPTION KW - NANOCRYSTALS KW - SEMICONDUCTORS KW - SOLVENTS N1 - Accession Number: 12942524; Malko A. V. 1 Mikhailovsky A. A. 1 Petruska M. A. 1 Hollingsworth J. A. 1 Klimov V. I. 1; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry Division, MS-J567, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 17, p5250; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: SOLVENTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12942524&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blizanac AU - B. B. AU - Lucas AU - C. A. AU - Gallagher AU - M. E. AU - Ross AU - P. N. AU - Markovic AU - N. M. T1 - Surface Structures and Phase Transitions at the Au(100)-Br Interface: pH and CO Effects. JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry B JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 108 IS - 17 M3 - Article SP - 5304 EP - 5313 SN - 15206106 AB - The surface reconstruction of Au(100) and the formation of an ordered commensurate c(√2 × 22√2)R45° adlayer of Br (Brad) have been studied by a combination of electrochemical (EC) and surface X-ray scattering (SXS) measurements. Emphasis is placed on linking the microscopic structural information concerning the Brad adlayer to the voltammetric and other macroscopic electrochemical responses, including using the rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) measurements for determining the surface coverage by Brad. It is found that the potential-induced hexagonal (hex) to (1 × 1) transition of the Au surface coincides with Br- adsorption and occurs faster in solutions containing Br- anions than in Br--free solutions. In agreement with previous SXS results, in acid solutions, Brad forms a c(√2 × 2√2)R45° structure at around 0.15 V. However, no ordered structures of Brad are observed in alkaline solution, although the cyclic voltammetry indicates that the order structure should be present at 0.12 V. Absence of an ordered Brad adlayer in alkaline solution is attributed to competitive adsorption between Brad and OHad. To probe the role of OHad on the ordering of the bromide adlayer, coadsorbed OHad is consumed in an electrochemical reaction in which strongly adsorbed OHad is removed from the surface by a relatively weakly adsorbed reactant, viz. COad. Under such experimental conditions, we found that (i) in acid solution the c(√2 × 2√2)R45° structure develops/disappears more rapidly than in CO-free solution and (ii) in alkaline solution the c(√2 × 2√2)R45° structure is formed in exactly the same potential region as in acid solution. We propose that the continuous removal of OHad in the Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction (COad + OHad = CO2 + H+ + e-) may stabilize the c(√2 × 2√2)R45° structure in both acid as well as alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GOLD alloys KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) KW - X-ray scattering KW - ELECTRODES N1 - Accession Number: 12942531; Blizanac B. B. 1 Lucas C. A. 1 Gallagher M. E. 1 Ross P. N. 1 Markovic N. M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE United Kingdom; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 17, p5304; Subject Term: GOLD alloys; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: X-ray scattering; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12942531&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cui, S.T. AU - Cochran, H.D. T1 - Electroosmotic Flow in Nanoscale Parallel-plate Channels: Molecular Simulation Study and Comparison with Classical Poisson-Boltzmann Theory. JO - Molecular Simulation JF - Molecular Simulation Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 30 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 259 EP - 266 SN - 08927022 AB - Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out for simple electrolyte systems to study the electrokinetically driven osmotic flow in parallel-plate channels of widths ∼10-120 nm. The results are compared with the classical theory predictions based on the solution to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. We find that despite some of the limitations in the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, such as assumption of the Boltzmann distribution for the ions, the classical theory captures the general trend of the variations of the osmotic flow with channel width, as characterized by the mobility of the fluid in channels between ∼10 and 120 nm at moderate to low ion concentration. At moderate concentration (corresponding to relatively low surface potential), the classical theory is almost quantitative. The theory and simulation show more disagreement at low concentration, primarily caused by the high surface potential where the assumption of Boltzmann distribution becomes inaccurate. We discuss the limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation as applied to the nanoscale channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Molecular Simulation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - OSMOSIS KW - ELECTROLYTES KW - POISSON distribution KW - MAXWELL-Boltzmann distribution law KW - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) KW - Molecular dynamics simulations KW - Parallel-plate channels KW - Poisson-Boltzmann theory N1 - Accession Number: 12584120; Cui, S.T. 1,2; Email Address: scui@utk.edu Cochran, H.D. 1,2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, USA 2: Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 30 Issue 5, p259; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: OSMOSIS; Subject Term: ELECTROLYTES; Subject Term: POISSON distribution; Subject Term: MAXWELL-Boltzmann distribution law; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel-plate channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poisson-Boltzmann theory; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12584120&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zvyagin, S.A. AU - Krzystek, J. AU - van Loosdrecht, P.H.M. AU - Dhalenne, G. AU - Revcolevschi, A. T1 - High-field ESR study of the dimerized-incommensurate phase transition in the spin-Peierls compoundCuGeO3 JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 1 SN - 09214526 AB - The dimerized-incommensurate phase transition in the spin-Peierls compoundCuGeO3 is probed using the tunable-frequency high-resolution electron spin resonance technique in magnetic fields up to17 T . A field-induced development of the soliton-like incommensurate superstructure is clearly indicated as a pronounced increase of the magnon spin resonance linewidthΔB , with aΔBmax atBc∼13.8 T . The anomaly is explained in terms of the magnon–soliton scattering and suggests that the soliton-like phase exists close to the boundary of the dimerized-incommensurate phase transition. In addition, magnetic excitation spectra in 0.8% Si-dopedCuGeO3 are studied. Some features of the high-field high-resolution tunable-frequency ESR facility recently developed in Tallahassee are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PHASE transformations (Physics) KW - STATISTICAL physics KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) KW -CuGeO3 KW - ESR KW - Incommensurability KW - Spin-Peierls transition N1 - Accession Number: 12978140; Zvyagin, S.A. 1; Email Address: zvyagin@magnet.fsu.edu Krzystek, J. 1 van Loosdrecht, P.H.M. 2 Dhalenne, G. 3 Revcolevschi, A. 3; Affiliation: 1: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA 2: Department of Physics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands 3: Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p1; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: STATISTICAL physics; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword:CuGeO3 ; Author-Supplied Keyword: ESR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Incommensurability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spin-Peierls transition; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.009 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978140&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harrison, N. AU - Kim, K.H. AU - Jaime, M. AU - Mydosh, J.A. T1 - Metamagnetism, quantum criticality, hidden order and crystal electric fields in URu2Si2 JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 92 SN - 09214526 AB - This paper presents a brief synopsis of magnetization, electrical transport, specific heat measurements as well as other recent work on URu2Si2, together with some topical discussions of the groundstate properties in relation to metamagnetism, quantum criticality and crystal electric fields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRIC fields KW - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) KW - FERROMAGNETISM KW - Heavy fermions KW - Hidden order KW - Magnetization KW - Metamagnetism KW - Quantum criticality N1 - Accession Number: 12978160; Harrison, N. 1; Email Address: nharrison@lanl.gov Kim, K.H. 1 Jaime, M. 1 Mydosh, J.A. 2; Affiliation: 1: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS-E536, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA 2: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, Dresden D-01187, Germany; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p92; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: FERROMAGNETISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heavy fermions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hidden order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metamagnetism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum criticality; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.027 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978160&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wosnitza, J. AU - Hagel, J. AU - Kozlova, N. AU - Eckert, D. AU - Müller, K.-H. AU - H. Mielke, C. AU - Goll, G. AU - Yoshino, T. AU - Takabatake, T. T1 - Transport properties of CeBiPt in magnetic fields up to60 T JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 127 SN - 09214526 AB - Electrical-transport measurements of the semimetal CeBiPt in magnetic fields up to60 T reveal a drastic change of the electronic band structure. The oscillating Shubnikov–de Haas signal vanishes above about25 T although the quantum limit is not yet reached. Above this field the magnetoresistance rises strongly independent of angle and temperature. These unique features are caused by the Ce 4f electrons as evidenced by the absence of any unconventional behavior in the sister compound LaBiPt. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - ELECTRIC resistance KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) KW - CATHODE rays KW - CeBiPt KW - Fermi-surface studies KW - LaBiPt KW - Magnetoresistance KW - Shubnikov–de Haas effect N1 - Accession Number: 12978167; Wosnitza, J. 1; Email Address: Wosnitza@physik.tu-dresden.de Hagel, J. 1 Kozlova, N. 2 Eckert, D. 2 Müller, K.-H. 2 H. Mielke, C. 3 Goll, G. 4 Yoshino, T. 5 Takabatake, T. 5; Affiliation: 1: Institut für Festkörperphysik, TU Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany 2: IFW Dresden, Dresden D-01171, Germany 3: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 4: Physikalisches Institut, Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe D-76128, Germany 5: Department of Quantum Matter, ADSM, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p127; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CATHODE rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: CeBiPt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fermi-surface studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: LaBiPt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetoresistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shubnikov–de Haas effect; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.034 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978167&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosenbaum, Ralph AU - Murphy, Tim T1 - Anomalous Hall coefficients of a polycrystalline Bismuth film measured in parallel magnetic fields JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 296 SN - 09214526 AB - Hall coefficient measurements have been performed on a polycrystalline 11 875 A˚ Bismuth film in fields oriented parallel to the current flow. Classical theory predicts no Hall voltages and no magnetoresistances (MRs) in parallel fields. Probably owing to diffused and specular scattering off the rough surfaces of the crystallites, Hall voltages and parallel MR's are easily measured. Hall coefficient data in parallel Bs are summarized at 295, 78, and 1.49 K. The data are interpreted using the Pippard–Fawcett expression and the Landau tube model that contributes additional carriers at high fields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - MAGNETORESISTANCE KW - BISMUTH KW - NATIVE element minerals KW - Bismuth KW - Electronic transport KW - Hall coefficient KW - Magnetoresistance KW - Parallel fields KW - Polycrystalline films N1 - Accession Number: 12978207; Rosenbaum, Ralph 1; Email Address: ralphr@post.tau.ac.il Murphy, Tim 2; Affiliation: 1: School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel 2: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p296; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MAGNETORESISTANCE; Subject Term: BISMUTH; Subject Term: NATIVE element minerals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bismuth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hall coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetoresistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycrystalline films; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.093 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978207&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Movshovich, R. AU - Bianchi, A. AU - Capan, C. AU - Pagliuso, P.G. AU - Sarrao, J.L. T1 - Possible Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov superconducting state inCeCoIn5 JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 349 SN - 09214526 AB - We report observation of the specific heat anomaly within the superconducting state of the heavy fermionCeCoIn5 . It appears in the vicinity of the superconducting critical fieldHc2 , where the superconducting transition changes from second to first order, above10 T forH || [1 1 0] andH || [1 0 0] , and above4.7 T forH || [0 0 1] , and at temperatures on the order of0.1Tc . We interpret the anomaly within the superconducting state as a signature of a Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov FFLO inhomogeneous superconducting state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) KW - SUPERCONDUCTIVITY KW - ELECTRIC conductivity KW - NUCLEAR physics KW - 75.40.Cx KW - FFLO KW - Heavy fermion KW - Inhomogeneous superconducting state KW - Superconductivity KW - Unconventional N1 - Accession Number: 12978219; Movshovich, R.; Email Address: roman@lanl.gov Bianchi, A. 1 Capan, C. 1 Pagliuso, P.G. 1 Sarrao, J.L. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K764 Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p349; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: 75.40.Cx; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFLO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heavy fermion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inhomogeneous superconducting state; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unconventional; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.104 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978219&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lewis, R.A. AU - Wang, Y.-J. AU - Henini, M. T1 - Zeeman spectroscopy of Be impurity in GaAs to30 T JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 483 SN - 09214526 AB - Absorption measurements have been made in fields to30 T of the far-infrared optical transitions associated with the Be impurity in GaAs. The order and magnitude of the splitting of the ground state has been clarified by low-field (to6 T ) photo-thermal ionisation spectroscopy measurements of the C line. In light of the new high-field data the G line is now believed to comprise two unresolved components. At high magnetic field (above25 T ) a new feature appears which increases in energy with field at a much greater rate than the other transitions; this is thought to originate in valence-band Landau levels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) KW - ZEEMAN effect KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - 63.20.Dj KW - Acceptor KW - Be KW - GaAs KW - Magnetic field KW - Spectroscopy N1 - Accession Number: 12978249; Lewis, R.A. 1; Email Address: roger@uow.edu.au Wang, Y.-J. 2 Henini, M. 3; Affiliation: 1: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia 2: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA 3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p483; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: ZEEMAN effect; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: 63.20.Dj; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acceptor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Be; Author-Supplied Keyword: GaAs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.132 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978249&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marshall, Alan G. T1 - Accurate mass measurement: taking full advantage of nature's isotopic complexity JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 503 SN - 09214526 AB - Most mass analysis relies on “nominal” mass accuracy (i.e., to within 1 Da). However, chemical and biochemical applications are increasingly based on much more accurate mass measurement. Mass spectrometric resolution (defined here as the spacing between resolved peaks) does not increase monotonically with increasing spectrometer resolving power for large molecules. Rather, resolution improves by a series of steps. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) effectively extends the onset of each of these stages to ∼100 times higher mass than for any other mass analyzer. FT-ICR performance increases linearly (mass resolving power, data acquisition speed) or quadratically (dynamic range, upper mass limit, length of time that ions can be held in a Penning trap) with increasing magnetic field. NHMFL operates two 9.4 T FT-ICR instruments, and has just installed the world''s highest field magnet (14.5 T) for FT-ICR mass analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - QUANTUM electrodynamics KW - MASS spectrometry KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - Elemental composition KW - Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance KW - Glycoprotein KW - High magnetic field KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Peptide KW - Petroleum KW - Phosphoprotein KW - Protein KW - User facility N1 - Accession Number: 12978254; Marshall, Alan G. 1,2; Email Address: marshall@magnet.fsu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310-4005, USA 2: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p503; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: QUANTUM electrodynamics; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elemental composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glycoprotein; Author-Supplied Keyword: High magnetic field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peptide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Petroleum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phosphoprotein; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protein; Author-Supplied Keyword: User facility; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.136 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978254&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Swenson, C.A. AU - Marshall, W.S. AU - Gavrilin, A.V. AU - Han, K. AU - Schillig, J. AU - Sims Jr., J.R. AU - Schneider-Muntau, H.J. T1 - Progress of the insert coil for the US-NHMFL100 T multi-shot pulse magnet JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 561 SN - 09214526 AB - We review insert development for the US-NHMFL100 T non-destructive short-pulse magnet program. Coil electro-mechanics are presented in the context of the selected materials: CuNb conductor, PBO zylon-fibre, and MP35N, a cobalt-based super-alloy, reinforcement. We present the results of conductor cyclic fatigue testing and explore the data''s ramifications. We present the coil geometry, and a new “poly-layer” assembly technique. We review the structure of our small coil test program to evaluate the engineering and materials design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - QUANTUM theory KW - ALLOYS KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - COBALT KW -100 T KW - Cu–Nb conductor KW - Insert-coil KW - MP35N-reinforcement KW - PBO zylon-fibre KW - Pulsed-magnet N1 - Accession Number: 12978267; Swenson, C.A. 1 Marshall, W.S. 1 Gavrilin, A.V. 1 Han, K. 1 Schillig, J. 2 Sims Jr., J.R. 2 Schneider-Muntau, H.J. 2; Email Address: smuntau@magnet.fsu.edu; Affiliation: 1: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA 2: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p561; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: COBALT; Author-Supplied Keyword:100 T ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cu–Nb conductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insert-coil; Author-Supplied Keyword: MP35N-reinforcement; Author-Supplied Keyword: PBO zylon-fibre; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulsed-magnet; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.082 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978267&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shneerson, German A. AU - Koltunov, Oleg S. AU - Schneider-Muntau, Hans J. AU - Titkov, Vassiliy V. AU - Parfentjev, Anatoliy A. T1 - The concept of quasi-force-free magnets: theoretical substantiation, estimation of parameters, and feasibility JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 566 SN - 09214526 AB - Huge mechanical forces are the main obstacle to obtaining megagauss fields in non-destructible solenoids. For this reason, the progress in this area is substantially smaller than in the field generation in disposable devices. The present work examines the opportunities for reaching extra-high fields in magnets with substantially reduced mechanical stresses. The following two principles are used as the basis: generation of the field close to the force-free conditions, and minimization stresses in the external zone of the magnet. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - MAGNETS KW - MAGNETISM KW - SOLID state electronics KW - Force-free winding KW - Non-destructible solenoids KW - Super high magnetic field N1 - Accession Number: 12978268; Shneerson, German A. 1; Email Address: integr@delfa.net Koltunov, Oleg S. 1 Schneider-Muntau, Hans J. 2 Titkov, Vassiliy V. 1 Parfentjev, Anatoliy A. 1; Affiliation: 1: Electromechanical Department, St.Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia 2: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p566; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MAGNETS; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Force-free winding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-destructible solenoids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Super high magnetic field; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.083 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978268&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marshall, W.S. AU - Swenson, C.A. AU - Gavrilin, A. AU - Schneider-Muntau, H.J. T1 - Development of “Fast Cool” pulse magnet coil technology at NHMFL JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 594 SN - 09214526 AB - Historically, reliable monolithic capacitor bank-driven pulse magnet user systems have been limited to fields of about60 T . We are developing a new user magnet to upgrade the peak fields available to experimenters at the NHMFL facility at Los Alamos. The engineering targets for this pulse system are:65 T operation, a30 min cooling time between shots, and enhanced coil reliability. We have developed new pulse magnet technologies to meet the engineering goals. This paper will report design details and the results from prototype testing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RELIABILITY (Engineering) KW - SYSTEMS engineering KW - FAULT tolerance (Engineering) KW - MAINTAINABILITY (Engineering) KW - 65 T KW - Pulse magnet KW - Windings N1 - Accession Number: 12978273; Marshall, W.S. 1 Swenson, C.A. 1 Gavrilin, A. 1 Schneider-Muntau, H.J.; Email Address: smuntau@magnet.fsu.edu; Affiliation: 1: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p594; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: SYSTEMS engineering; Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: MAINTAINABILITY (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: 65 T; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulse magnet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Windings; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.156 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978273&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singleton, J. AU - Mielke, C.H. AU - Migliori, A. AU - Boebinger, G.S. AU - Lacerda, A.H. T1 - The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Pulsed-Field Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 614 SN - 09214526 AB - Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is the home institution of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Pulsed-Field Facility (NHMFL-PFF). NHMFL-PFF is the only pulsed-field facility in the US (among a few worldwide) to host qualified users whilst running a strong in-house science program on high magnetic field research. State-of-the-art experimental capabilities and pulsed magnets are used to examine the frontiers of condensed matter physics at extremes of high magnetic field, low temperature and high pressure. This paper describes current facilities and science and future developments at NHMFL-PFF. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - ELECTRIC resistance KW - HIGH pressure (Technology) KW - FIELD theory (Physics) KW - High magnetic fields KW - Instrumentation KW - Magneto-optics KW - Magnetometry KW - Magnetoresistance KW - Research in high magnetic fields KW - User facility N1 - Accession Number: 12978277; Singleton, J.; Email Address: jsingle@lanl.gov Mielke, C.H. 1 Migliori, A. 1 Boebinger, G.S. 1 Lacerda, A.H. 1; Affiliation: 1: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, TA-35, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p614; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Technology); Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: High magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magneto-optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetoresistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research in high magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: User facility; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.068 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978277&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schneider-Muntau, H.J. AU - Brandt, B.L. AU - Brunel, L.C. AU - Cross, T.A. AU - Edison, A.S. AU - Marshall, A.G. AU - Reyes, A.P. T1 - The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory JO - Physica B JF - Physica B Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 346-347 M3 - Article SP - 643 SN - 09214526 AB - We describe two of the main user facilities of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL): (a) the General Purpose DC Field Facility with nine resistive and hybrid magnet stations with continuous fields between 20 and 45 T, and (b) the CIMAR Facilities with 17 spectrometers for the NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging Program, the Fourier Transform ICR Mass Spectrometry Program and the Electron Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Program. The facilities are located in Tallahassee, and Gainesville, FL. Members of the worldwide science and engineering communities can access NHMFL facilities, generally without cost, through a peer-reviewed proposal process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - MAGNETIC resonance KW - NUCLEAR magnetic resonance KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) KW - Electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy KW - Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry KW - High magnetic fields KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy KW - Research in high magnetic fields KW - User facility N1 - Accession Number: 12978284; Schneider-Muntau, H.J. 1; Email Address: smuntau@magnet.fsu.edu Brandt, B.L. 1 Brunel, L.C. 1 Cross, T.A. 1 Edison, A.S. 2 Marshall, A.G. 1 Reyes, A.P. 1; Affiliation: 1: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA 2: McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 346-347, p643; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance; Subject Term: NUCLEAR magnetic resonance; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: High magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research in high magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: User facility; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.075 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12978284&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Loth, Eric AU - O'Brien, Thomas AU - Syamlal, Madhava AU - Cantero, Mariano T1 - Effective diameter for group motion of polydisperse particle mixtures JO - Powder Technology JF - Powder Technology Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 142 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 209 EP - 218 SN - 00325910 AB - An analysis is conducted on the effective mean diameter for fluidized beds and other two-phase flows for which the drag and gravitational forces are the primary determinants of particle motion. This work was motivated by Eulerian-based computational treatments of particles which assume a single group velocity for a polydisperse collection of particles within a computational cell. For particles in the inertial-dominated regime (e.g. Rep>2000), it is found that the Sauter mean diameter is the effective mean diameter regardless of particle shape, particle size number distribution, particle density distribution, or net volume fraction. However, the effective mean diameter is the volume-width diameter for particles which are in the creeping flow regime (Rep≪1), e.g. in micro-fluidized beds. Expressions for the effective diameter for solid spherical particles at intermediate Reynolds numbers are given for a log-normal probability distribution function and for binary mixtures. Finally, comparison with two experimental data sets shows a qualitative validation of the derived effective diameter for the group motion of polydisperse mixtures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Powder Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FLUID dynamics KW - MULTIPHASE flow KW - AERODYNAMICS KW - PROBABILITY theory KW - Diameter KW - Fluidized KW - Polydisperse KW - Theory N1 - Accession Number: 13703204; Loth, Eric 1; Email Address: loth@uiuc.edu O'Brien, Thomas 2 Syamlal, Madhava 3 Cantero, Mariano 4; Affiliation: 1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA 2: National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA 3: Fluent, Inc., USA 4: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Illinois, at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 142 Issue 2/3, p209; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diameter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluidized; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polydisperse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Theory; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.powtec.2004.04.033 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13703204&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gaudioso, Jennifer AU - Salerno, Reynolds M. T1 - Biosecurity and Research: Minimizing Adverse Impacts. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 304 IS - 5671 M3 - Article SP - 687 EP - 687 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science SN - 00368075 AB - Securing pathogens and toxins at research and diagnostic laboratories cannot prevent bioterrorism but can make it more difficult for potential terrorists to divert material from a legitimate facility so as to build a biological weapon. The question is how best to apply biosecurity without impeding biomedical and bioscience research. Three U.S. Codes of Federal Regulations establish lists of agents and toxins that pose a threat to humans, animals, or plants. Furthermore, federal regulations prohibit "restricted persons" from conducting research on any of the listed agents and toxins. Recently, many researchers have decided to discontinue or not pursue research on regulated biological agents, rather than implement the new security regulations and bear the associated financial burden. KW - BIOTERRORISM KW - PATHOGENIC microorganisms KW - ANTITOXINS KW - METABOLITES KW - FEDERAL government KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 13159767; Gaudioso, Jennifer 1 Salerno, Reynolds M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.; Source Info: 4/30/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5671, p687; Subject Term: BIOTERRORISM; Subject Term: PATHOGENIC microorganisms; Subject Term: ANTITOXINS; Subject Term: METABOLITES; Subject Term: FEDERAL government; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1097 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13159767&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yin, Yadong AU - Rioux, Robert M. AU - Erdonmez, Can K. AU - Hughes, Steven AU - Somorjai, Gabor A. AU - Alivisatos, A. Paul T1 - Formation of Hollow Nanocrystals Through the Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 304 IS - 5671 M3 - Article SP - 711 EP - 714 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science SN - 00368075 AB - Hollow nanocrystals can be synthesized through a mechanism analogous to the Kirkendall Effect, in which pores form because of the difference in diffusion rates between two components in a diffusion couple. Starting with cobalt nanocrystals, we show that their reaction in solution with oxygen and either sulfur or selenium leads to the formation of hollow nanocrystals of the resulting oxide and chalcogenides. This process provides a general route to the synthesis of hollow nanostructures of a large number of compounds. A simple extension of the process yielded platinum-cobalt oxide yolk-shell nanostructures, which may serve as nanoscale reactors in catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - KIRKENDALL effect KW - NANOCRYSTALS KW - DIFFUSION KW - NANOPARTICLES KW - INORGANIC compounds KW - COBALT KW - SELENIUM N1 - Accession Number: 13159780; Yin, Yadong 1 Rioux, Robert M. 1 Erdonmez, Can K. 1 Hughes, Steven 1 Somorjai, Gabor A. 1 Alivisatos, A. Paul 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.; Source Info: 4/30/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5671, p711; Subject Term: KIRKENDALL effect; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: INORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: COBALT; Subject Term: SELENIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3924 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13159780&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fridlind, Ann M. AU - Ackerman, Andrew S. AU - Jensen, Eric J. AU - Heymsfield, Andrew J. AU - Poellot, Michael R. AU - Stevens, David E. AU - Wang, Donghai AU - Miloshevich, Larry M. AU - Baumgardner, Darret AU - Lawson, R. Paul AU - Wilson, James C. AU - Flagan, Richard C. AU - Seinfeld, John H. AU - Jonsson, Haflidi H. AU - Vanreken, Timothy M. AU - Varutbangkul, Varuntida AU - Rissman, Tracey A. T1 - Evidence for the Predominance of Mid-Tropospheric Aerosols as Subtropical Anvil Cloud Nuclei. JO - Science JF - Science Y1 - 2004/04/30/ VL - 304 IS - 5671 M3 - Article SP - 718 EP - 722 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science SN - 00368075 AB - NASA's recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment focused on anvil cirrus clouds, an important but poorly : understood element of our climate system. The data obtained included the first comprehensive measurements of aerosols and cloud particles throughout the atmospheric column during the evolution of multiple deep convective storm systems. Coupling these new measurements with detailed cloud simulations that resolve the size distributions of aerosols and cloud particles, we found several lines of evidence indicating that most anvil crystals form on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary-layer aerosols. This result defies conventional wisdom and suggests that distant pollution sources may have a greater effect on anvil clouds than do local sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TROPOSPHERIC aerosols KW - AERONAUTICS -- United States KW - AIR pollution KW - CLOUDS KW - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry KW - FLORIDA KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 13159782; Fridlind, Ann M. 1; Email Address: ann.fridlind@nasa.gov Ackerman, Andrew S. 1 Jensen, Eric J. 1 Heymsfield, Andrew J. 2 Poellot, Michael R. 3 Stevens, David E. 4 Wang, Donghai 5 Miloshevich, Larry M. 2 Baumgardner, Darret 6 Lawson, R. Paul 7 Wilson, James C. 8 Flagan, Richard C. 9 Seinfeld, John H. 9 Jonsson, Haflidi H. 10 Vanreken, Timothy M. 9 Varutbangkul, Varuntida 9 Rissman, Tracey A. 9; Affiliation: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. 2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA. 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA. 4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94552, USA. 5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. 6: Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, DF 04510, Mexico. 7: Stratton Park Engineering Company, Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA. 8: Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA. 9: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. 10: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies, Marina, CA 93933, USA.; Source Info: 4/30/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5671, p718; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: FLORIDA; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3621 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13159782&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reed, Bryan W. AU - Minich, Roger W. AU - Rudd, Robert E. AU - Kumar, Mukul T1 - The structure of the cubic coincident site lattice rotation group. JO - Acta Crystallographica: Section A (Wiley-Blackwell) JF - Acta Crystallographica: Section A (Wiley-Blackwell) Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 60 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 263 EP - 277 SN - 01087673 AB - This work is intended to be a mathematical underpinning for the field of grainboundary engineering and its relatives. The inter-relationships within the set of rotations producing coincident site lattices in cubic crystals are examined in detail. Besides combining previously established but widely scattered results into a unified context, the present work details newly developed representations of the group structure in terms of strings of generators (based on quaternionic number theory, and including uniqueness proofs and rules for algebraic manipulation) as well as an easily visualized topological network model. Important results that were previously obscure or not universally understood (e.g. the ∑ combination rule governing triple junctions) are clarified in these frameworks. The methods also facilitate several general observations, including the very different natures of twin-limited structures in two and three dimensions, the inadequacy of the E combination rule to determine valid quadruple nodes, and a curious link between allowable grain-boundary assignments and the fourcolor map theorem. This kind of understanding is essential to the generation of realistic statistical models of grain-boundary networks (particularly in twindominated systems) and is especially applicable to the field of grain-boundary engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Acta Crystallographica: Section A (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CRYSTALS KW - CRYSTAL grain boundaries KW - CRYSTAL growth KW - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY KW - TWINNING (Crystallography) N1 - Accession Number: 13235487; Reed, Bryan W. 1; Email Address: reed12@llnl.gov Minich, Roger W. 1 Rudd, Robert E. 1 Kumar, Mukul 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 60 Issue 3, p263; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: TWINNING (Crystallography); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1107/s010876730400772X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13235487&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Natasha AU - Mayhew, Martin AU - Holden, Marcia J. AU - Kelly, Halonna AU - Robinson, Howard AU - Heroux, Annie AU - Vilker, Vincent L. AU - Gallagher, D. T. T1 - Structure of C73G putidaredoxin from Pseudomonas putida. JO - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) JF - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 60 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 816 EP - 822 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 09074449 AB - The structure of the C73G mutant of putidaredoxin (Pdx). the Fe2S2 ferredoxin that supplies electrons to cytochrorne CYPIOI (P4SOcarn) [camphor oxidation, is reported at 1.9 Å resolution in a (2 crystal form. The structure was solved by single-wavelength iron anomalous diffraction, which yielded electron density above the 2σ level for over 97% of the non-H atoms in the protein. The final structure with R = 0.19 and Rfree = 0.21 has been deposited in the Protein Data Bank with accession code lr7s. The C2 crystal contains three Pdx molecules in the asymmetric unit, giving three independent models of the protein that are very similar (r.m.s.d. < 0.3 Å for the 106 Cv atoms). The unusually high solvent fraction of 80% results in comparatively few crystal packing artifacts. The structure is briefly compared with the recently reported crystal structures of the C73S and C73S/C85S mutants. In general, the eight independent molecules in the three crystal structures (three in C73G, three in C73S and two in C73S/CS5S) are much more similar to each other than to the previously reported NMR structure of wild-type Pdx in solution. The present findings show a unanimous structure in some regions crucial for electron-transfer interactions. including the cluster-binding loop 39-48 and the cytochrome-interaction region of Asp38 and Trp106. In addition, the Cys45 amide group donates a hydrogen bond to cluster sulfur SI. with Ala46 adopting an Lα conformation, in all three molecules in the crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PSEUDOMONAS KW - CYTOCHROMES KW - PSEUDOMONADACEAE KW - OXIDATION-reduction reaction KW - HEMOPROTEINS KW - CHEMICAL reactions N1 - Accession Number: 13108213; Smith, Natasha 1 Mayhew, Martin 1 Holden, Marcia J. 1 Kelly, Halonna 1 Robinson, Howard 2 Heroux, Annie 2 Vilker, Vincent L. 1 Gallagher, D. T. 1; Email Address: travis.gallaghe@nist.gov; Affiliation: 1: Biotechnology Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaehersburg, MD 20899-8312, USA. 2: Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p816; Subject Term: PSEUDOMONAS; Subject Term: CYTOCHROMES; Subject Term: PSEUDOMONADACEAE; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Subject Term: HEMOPROTEINS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13108213&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Se Bok Jang AU - Baeyens, Katrien AU - Mi Suk Jeong AU - SantaLucia Jr., John AU - Turner, Doug AU - Holbrook, Stephen R. T1 - Structures of two RNA octamers containing tandem G.A base pairs. JO - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) JF - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 60 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 829 EP - 835 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 09074449 AB - The crystal structures of two RNA octamers. 5'-GGC- (GA)GCC-3' and 5'-GIC((GA)GCC-3', have been determined from X-ray diffraction data to 2.8 and 2.7 Å resolution. respectively. The RNA octamers crystallize in isomorphous unit cells containing two mispairs arranged in a self-complementary manner and one single strand in the asymmetric unit. The single strand pairs with another single strand related by crystallographic symmetry to form a third unique double helix. Tandem non-Watson-Crick G·A/A·G base pairs of the sheared type comprise an internal loop in the middle of each duplex. The NMR structure of this octameric RNA sequence is also known, allowing comparison of the variation between the six crystallographic duplexes and the solution structure. In the symmetric duplex of the octamer containing inosine, the sheared G·A pain incorporate a hound water molecule. This duplex also hinds one water molecule per strand in the minor groove adjacent to the G·A pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RNA KW - X-ray diffraction KW - RIBOSE KW - INOSINE KW - NUCLEOSIDES KW - OPTICAL diffraction N1 - Accession Number: 13108280; Se Bok Jang 1; Email Address: sbjang@pusan.ac.kr Baeyens, Katrien 2 Mi Suk Jeong 1 SantaLucia Jr., John 3 Turner, Doug 4 Holbrook, Stephen R. 5; Affiliation: 1: Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea. 2: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Medical Physicochemistry, KU Leuven, E Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. 3: Department of Chemistry, 410 West Warree, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. 4: Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. 5: Structural Biology Department, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94726, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p829; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: RIBOSE; Subject Term: INOSINE; Subject Term: NUCLEOSIDES; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13108280&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kantardjieff, Katherine A. AU - Kim, Chang-Yub AU - Naranjo, Cleo AU - Waldo, Geoffry S. AU - Lekin, Timothy AU - Segelke, Brent W. AU - Zemla, Adam AU - Park, Min S. AU - Terwilliger, Thomas C. AU - Rupp, Bernhard T1 - Mycobacterium tuberculosis RmlC epimerase (Rv3465). JO - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) JF - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 60 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 895 EP - 902 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 09074449 AB - The Mycobacterium tuberculosis rmlC gene encodes dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose epimerase, the third enzyme in the M. Tuberculosis dTDP-L-rhamnose pathway which is essential for mycobacterial cell-wall synthesis. Because it is structurally unique, highly substrate-specific and does not require a cofactor. RmlC is considered to be the most promising drug target in the pathway, and the M. tuberculosis rmlC gene was selected in the initial round of TB Structural Genomics Consortium targets for structure determination. The 1.7 Å native structure determined by the consortium facilities is reported and implications for in silico screening of ligands of structure-guided drug design are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis KW - BACTERIAL cell walls KW - TUBERCULIN KW - MYCOBACTERIA KW - LUNG diseases KW - MYCOBACTERIAL diseases KW - SYNTHESIS N1 - Accession Number: 13108354; Kantardjieff, Katherine A. 1 Kim, Chang-Yub 2 Naranjo, Cleo 2 Waldo, Geoffry S. 2 Lekin, Timothy 3 Segelke, Brent W. 3 Zemla, Adam 3 Park, Min S. 2 Terwilliger, Thomas C. 2 Rupp, Bernhard 3; Email Address: br@llnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Molecular Structure, California State University of Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA. 2: Bioscience Division, M5 M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. 3: Biology and Biotechnology Research Program L-448 University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551 USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p895; Subject Term: MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis; Subject Term: BACTERIAL cell walls; Subject Term: TUBERCULIN; Subject Term: MYCOBACTERIA; Subject Term: LUNG diseases; Subject Term: MYCOBACTERIAL diseases; Subject Term: SYNTHESIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13108354&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shin, Dong Hae AU - Choi, In-Geol AU - Busso, Dither AU - Jancarik, Jaru AU - Yokota, Hisao AU - Kim, Rosalind AU - Kim, Sung-Hou T1 - Structure of OsmC from Escherichia coli. JO - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) JF - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 60 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 903 EP - 911 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 09074449 AB - The crystal structure of an osmotically inducible protein (OsmC) From Escherichia colt has been determined at 2.4 Å resolution. OsmC is a representative protein of the OsmC sequence family. which is composed of three sequence subfamilies. The structure of OsmC provides a view of a salt-shock-induced protein. Two identical monomers form a cylindrically shaped dimer iii which six helices are located on the inside and two six-stranded β-sheets wrap around these helices. Structural comparison suggests that the OsmC sequence family has a peroxiredoxin function and has a unique structure compared with other peroxiredoxin families. A detailed analysis of structures and sequence comparisons in the OsmC sequence family revealed that each subfamily has unique motifs. In addition, the molecular function of the OsmC sequence family is discussed based on structural comparisons among the subfamily members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ESCHERICHIA coli KW - PROTEINS KW - ESCHERICHIA KW - OSMOSIS KW - MONOMERS KW - PEROXIDES N1 - Accession Number: 13108361; Shin, Dong Hae 1 Choi, In-Geol 2 Busso, Dither 2 Jancarik, Jaru 2 Yokota, Hisao 1 Kim, Rosalind 1 Kim, Sung-Hou 1,2; Email Address: shkim@chem.berkeley.edu; Affiliation: 1: Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 2: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 947 20-5230, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p903; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA; Subject Term: OSMOSIS; Subject Term: MONOMERS; Subject Term: PEROXIDES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13108361&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zinn, John AU - Judd, O’Dean P. AU - ReVelle, Douglas O. T1 - Leonid meteor ablation, energy exchange, and trail morphology JO - Advances in Space Research JF - Advances in Space Research Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 33 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 1466 EP - 1474 SN - 02731177 AB - This paper describes theoretical model studies of the interaction of Leonid meteoroids with the earth’s atmosphere. Subject to some modest-to-strenuous approximations we compute the rates of ablation and deceleration, energy deposition, and terminal altitudes of the meteors as functions of their initial mass and bulk density, velocity, trajectory entry angle, drag coefficient, heat of ablation, and an ablation energy transfer fraction. We find that the dominant energy deposition in the atmosphere is associated with the stopping of the ablated meteor particles and vapor by the surrounding air. Then having computed the energy deposition rates vs. altitude we compute the hydrodynamic and radiative expansion of the hot wake material in the radial direction, along with the associated air chemistry. From the computed results we can then plot two-dimensional temperature contours – as functions of the instantaneous distance behind the meteor and radial distance from the center of the wake, at various altitudes along the meteor’s path. We also compute the rates of emission of radiation and the radiative efficiency, and discuss comparisons with observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - METEORS KW - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics) KW - ASTRONOMY KW - HEAT transfer KW - Meteors N1 - Accession Number: 13429588; Zinn, John; Email Address: jzinn@lanl.gov Judd, O’Dean P. 1 ReVelle, Douglas O. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Nis-1 TA-3 Bldg 1888, Bikini Atoll Road, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 33 Issue 9, p1466; Subject Term: METEORS; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteors; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13429588&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Panayotis K. Thanos T1 - DRD2 Gene Transfer Into the Nucleus Accumbens Core of the Alcohol Preferring and Nonpreferring Rats Attenuates Alcohol Drinking. JO - Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research JF - Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 28 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 720 EP - 728 SN - 01456008 AB - BACKGROUND:: Transient overexpression of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) using an adenoviral vector has been associated with a significant decrease in alcohol intake in Sprague Dawley rats. This overexpression of DRD2 reduced alcohol consumption in a two-bottle-choice paradigm and supported the view that high levels of DRD2 may be protective against alcohol abuse. METHODS:: Using a limited access (1 hr) two-bottle-choice (water versus 10% ethanol) drinking paradigm, we examined the effects of the DRD2 vector in alcohol intake in the genetically inbred alcohol-preferring (P) and -nonpreferring (NP) rats. In addition, micro'''positron emission tomography imaging was used at the completion of the study to assess in vivo the chronic (7 weeks) effects of ethanol exposure on DRD2 levels between the two groups. RESULTS:: P rats that were treated with the DRD2 vector (in the NAc) significantly attenuated their alcohol preference (37% decrease) and intake (48% decrease), and these measures returned to pretreatment levels by day 20. A similar pattern of behavior (attenuation of ethanol drinking) was observed in NP rats. Analysis of the [C]raclopride micro'''positron emission tomography data after chronic (7 weeks) exposure to ethanol revealed clear DRD2 binding differences between the P and NP rats. P rats showed 16% lower [C]raclopride specific binding in striatum than the NP rats. CONCLUSIONS:: These findings further support our hypothesis that high levels of DRD2 are causally associated with a reduction in alcohol consumption and may serve as a protective factor against alcoholism. That this effect was seen in P rats, which are predisposed to alcohol intake, suggests that they are protective even in those who are genetically predisposed to high alcohol intake. It is noteworthy that increasing DRD2 significantly decreased alcohol intake but did not abolish it, suggesting that high DRD2 levels may specifically interfere with the administration of large quantities of alcohol. The significantly higher DRD2 concentration in NP than P rats after 7 weeks of ethanol therefore could account for low alcohol intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NUCLEUS accumbens KW - GENETIC transformation KW - ALCOHOL KW - RATS N1 - Accession Number: 13312818; Panayotis K. Thanos 1; Affiliation: 1: From the Departments of Medicine (PKT, NBT, SNR, SJG, G-JW, NDV) and Chemistry (JSF), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; Department of Geriatrics (HU, HI), University of Nagoya School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan; Gerontology Research Center (GR, DKI), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (RH), Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Laboratory of Neuroimaging (PKT), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p720; Subject Term: NUCLEUS accumbens; Subject Term: GENETIC transformation; Subject Term: ALCOHOL; Subject Term: RATS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13312818&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norman, Eric B. AU - Larimer, Ruth-Mary AU - Rech, Gregory AU - Lee, Jeffrey AU - Vue, Chue AU - Leubane, Tholoana AU - Zamvil, Kenneth AU - Guthrie, Laura T1 - Bringing atomic and nuclear physics laboratory data into the classroom. JO - American Journal of Physics JF - American Journal of Physics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 72 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 652 EP - 654 SN - 00029505 AB - To illustrate a number of basic concepts in atomic and nuclear physics, we have developed three Web sites where students can analyze data from modem laboratories. By working through the on-line procedures, students will become acquainted with characteristic x-ray spectra, nuclear half-lives, x-ray fluorescence, and neutron activation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Journal of Physics is the property of American Association of Physics Teachers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NUCLEAR physics KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - NUCLEAR activation analysis KW - WEB development KW - INTERNET in education KW - EDUCATION KW - NUCLEAR science N1 - Accession Number: 13119443; Norman, Eric B. 1,2; Email Address: ebnorman@lbl.gov Larimer, Ruth-Mary 1,2 Rech, Gregory 1,3 Lee, Jeffrey 1,4 Vue, Chue 1,5 Leubane, Tholoana 1,6 Zamvil, Kenneth 1,7 Guthrie, Laura 1; Affiliation: 1: Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 2: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 3: Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California 4: Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, California 5: Franklin Middle School, Vallejo, California 6: Hogan High School, Vallejo, California 7: Acalanes High School, Lafayette, California; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 72 Issue 5, p652; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: NUCLEAR activation analysis; Subject Term: WEB development; Subject Term: INTERNET in education; Subject Term: EDUCATION; Subject Term: NUCLEAR science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1119/1.1643373 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13119443&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davis, Kevin J. AU - Dove, Patricia M. AU - Wasylenki, Laura E. AU - De Yoreo, James J. T1 - Morphological consequences of differential Mg2+ incorporation at structurally distinct steps on calcite. JO - American Mineralogist JF - American Mineralogist Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 89 IS - 5/6 M3 - Article SP - 714 EP - 720 SN - 0003004X AB - Magnesium is considered the principal modifier of calcite morphology in many natural environments. However, the physical mechanism by which magnesium alters the external form of calcite has remained controversial due to a lack of direct experimental insight. Here we use in situ AFM observations of step dynamics and growth-hillock morphology to resolve the role of Mg2+ in governing calcite surface morphologies. We show that Mg2+ directly modifies the surface morphology of calcite as a consequence of differential interaction with four cry stallographically controlled step directions. Step-specific interactions are especially evident at low Mg/Ca ratios in solution, where steps with acute step-edge geometries ([441]- and [481]-) are observed to be rough while obtuse steps ([441]+ and [481]+) remain smooth. Higher Mg/Ca solution ratios cause the edges of both step-types to become rough and the growth spiral to approach an elliptical form. During this process, new [421] step directions are generated by decreased growth velocities at the intersection of the ± directions. As these steps flow along the [010] vector, they accumulate and result in the formation of pseudofacets with an orientation that approximates a (010) face. We propose that this phenomenon is the result of strain at the intersection of nonequivalent step-types, resulting in differential Mg2+ incorporation across the boundary between those steps. This hypothesis is supported by estimates of the incorporated strain as well as observations of growth-hillock recovery from impurity poisoning that indicate the presence of "remembered" strain at the boundary of the nonequivalent step-types. The results of this study offer a plausible molecular-scale explanation for elongate calcite crystals that are commonly observed in sedimentary environments. This novel explanation for... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNESIUM KW - CALCITE KW - CALCITE crystals KW - ROCK-forming minerals KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 13853295; Davis, Kevin J. 1,2 Dove, Patricia M. 1; Email Address: dove@vt.edu Wasylenki, Laura E. 1 De Yoreo, James J. 3; Affiliation: 1: Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.A. 2: Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, U.S.A. 3: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, U.S.A.; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 89 Issue 5/6, p714; Subject Term: MAGNESIUM; Subject Term: CALCITE; Subject Term: CALCITE crystals; Subject Term: ROCK-forming minerals; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13853295&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Labotka, Theodore C. AU - Cole, David R. AU - Riciputi, Lee R. AU - Fayek, Mostafa T1 - Diffusion of C and O in calcite from 0.1 to 200 MPa. JO - American Mineralogist JF - American Mineralogist Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 89 IS - 5/6 M3 - Article SP - 799 EP - 806 SN - 0003004X AB - We measured the diffusivity of C and O in calcite over the pressure range 0.1-200 MPa at 600-800 °C in a pure CO2 atmosphere. The experiments were conducted on single, preannealed crystals of Chihuahuan calcite in an isotopically labeled atmosphere, and the diffusion profiles were measured by secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS). At 800 °C, Dc and Do are identical at 0.1 MPa at a value of ∼ 10-13.5 cm²/s. The value of Dc decreases to ∼ 10-16 cm²/s with an increase in pressure to ∼50 MPa and remains at that value to 200 MPa, but Do remains nearly constant at a value of ∼10- 14 cm²/s to 200 MPa. The identical values at low pressure indicate that C and O are migrating together as a carbonate anion. A simple model relates the diffusivity of carbonate anions to the formation of vacancies at the crystal surface, which predicts that Dc ∞ 1/fco2]. The prediction matches the observed decrease in Dc with increasing pressure to 50 MPa. The shapes of the diffusion profiles for the low-pressure experiments indicate compositional dependence of D, which also suggests the influence of CO2 sorption on the diffusivity. The value of Dc at 0.1 MPa can be fitted to the relation Dc = 0.62 exp[(-291 kJ/mol)/RT]. The activation energy is nearly twice the value determined for Dc at 100 MPa, ∼166 kJ/mol. The change in slope for log Dc vs. P and the change in Ea between 0.1 and 100 Mpa suggest that the migrating C species changes from carbonate anions at low pressure to carbon atoms at P ≥ 50 MPa. The values of Do at 0.1 MPa can be fitted to Do = 0.017 exp[(-261 kJ/mol)/RT], approximately the same as for C at 0.1 MPa and similar to the relation for Do at 100 MPa: Do = 0.008 exp[(-242 kJ/mol)/RT]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - THERMAL diffusivity KW - CALCITE KW - ANNEALING of crystals KW - SEMICONDUCTOR doping KW - ANIONS KW - IONS KW - MASS spectrometry KW - SPECTRUM analysis N1 - Accession Number: 13853304; Labotka, Theodore C. 1; Email Address: tlabotka@utk.edu Cole, David R. 2 Riciputi, Lee R. 3,4 Fayek, Mostafa 1,2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1410, U.S.A. 2: Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, U.S.A. 3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1410, U.S.A. 4: Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, U.S.A.; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 89 Issue 5/6, p799; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: CALCITE; Subject Term: ANNEALING of crystals; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: ANIONS; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13853304&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamada, Michael AU - Sitter, Randy T1 - Statistical Research: Some Advice for Beginners. JO - American Statistician JF - American Statistician Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 58 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 93 EP - 101 SN - 15372731 AB - For new graduate students, we discuss issues and aspects of doing statistical research and provide advice. We answer questions that we had when we were beginners, like "When do I start?", "How do I start?", "How do I find out what has already been done?", "How do I make progress?", "How do I finish?", and "What else can I do?". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of American Statistician is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STATISTICS -- Research KW - GRADUATE students KW - STATISTICS -- Study & teaching KW - STATISTICS KW - PROBLEM solving KW - MATHEMATICS KW - Finding problems KW - Identifying literature KW - Presenting N1 - Accession Number: 13020514; Hamada, Michael 1; Email Address: hamada@lanl.gov Sitter, Randy 2; Affiliation: 1: Statistical Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 2: Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p93; Subject Term: STATISTICS -- Research; Subject Term: GRADUATE students; Subject Term: STATISTICS -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finding problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Identifying literature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Presenting; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13020514&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kellersberqer, Katherine A. AU - Yu, Eizadora AU - Kruppa, Gary H. AU - Young, Maim M. AU - Daniel. Fabrls T1 - Top-Down Characterization of Nucleic Acids Modified by Structural Probes Using High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Automated Data Interpretation. JO - Analytical Chemistry JF - Analytical Chemistry Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 76 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2438 EP - 2445 SN - 00032700 AB - A top-down approach based on sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID) has been implemented on an electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FTMS) to characterize nucleic acid substrates modified by structural probes. Solvent accessibility reagents, such as dimethyl sulfate (DMS), 1 -cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (CMCI), and β-ethoxy-α-ketobutyraldehyde (kethoxal, KT) are widely employed to reveal the position of single- vs double-stranded regions and obtain the footprint of bound proteins onto nucleic acids structures. Established methods require end-labeling of the nucleic acid constructs, probe-specific chemistry to produce strand cleavage at the modified nucleotides, and analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the position of the susceptible sites. However, these labor-intensive procedures can be avoided when mass spectrometry is used to identify the probe- induced modifications from their characteristic mass signatures. In particular, ESI-FTMS can be directly employed to monitor the conditions of probe application to avoid excessive alkylation, which could induce unwanted distortion or defolding of the substrate of interest. The sequence position of the covalent modifications can be subsequently obtained from classic tandem techniques, which allow for the analysis of individual target adducts present in complex reaction mixtures with no need for separation techniques. Selection and activation by SORI- CID has been employed to reveal the position of adducts in nucleic acid substrates in excess of 6 kDa. The stability of the different covalent modifications under SORI-CID conditions was investigated. Multiple stages of isolation and activation were employed in MSn experiments to obtain the desired sequence information whenever the adduct stability was not particularly favorable, and SORI- CID induced the facile loss of the modified base. A new program called MS2Links was developed for the automated reduction and interpretation of fragmentation data obtained from modified nucleic acids. Based on an algorithm that searches for plausible isotopic patterns, the data reduction module is capable of discriminating legitimate signals from noise spikes of comparable intensity. The fragment identification module calculates the monoisotopic mass of ion products expected from a certain sequence and user-defined covalent modifications, which are finally matched with the signals selected by the data reduction program. Considering that MS2Links can generate similar fragment libraries for peptides and theft covalent conjugates with other peptides or nucleic acids, this program provides an integrated platform for the structural investigation of protein-nucleic add complexes based on cross-linking strategies and top-down ESI-FTMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NUCLEIC acids KW - MASS spectrometry KW - FOURIER transforms KW - NUCLEOTIDES KW - POLYACRYLAMIDE gel electrophoresis KW - ANALYTICAL chemistry N1 - Accession Number: 13600181; Kellersberqer, Katherine A. 1 Yu, Eizadora 1 Kruppa, Gary H. 2 Young, Maim M. 2 Daniel. Fabrls 1; Email Address: fabris@umbc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250. 2: Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 76 Issue 9, p2438; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: FOURIER transforms; Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDES; Subject Term: POLYACRYLAMIDE gel electrophoresis; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1021/ac0355045 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13600181&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yanjun Tang AU - Ji Fang AU - Xiaohe Xu AU - Hai-Feng Ji AU - Brown, Gilbert M. AU - Thundatt, Thomas T1 - Detection of Femtomolar Concentrations of HF Using an SiO2 Microcantilever. JO - Analytical Chemistry JF - Analytical Chemistry Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 76 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2478 EP - 2481 SN - 00032700 AB - Femtomolar concentrations of hydrogen fluoride, a decomposition component of nerve agents, were detected using a SiO2 microcantilever. The microcantilever underwent bending due to the reaction of HF with SiO2. The microcantilever deflection increased as the concentration of HF increased. Other acids, such as HCl, had no effect on the deflection of the cantilever. The mechanism of reaction-induced bending and the correlation of micro-cantilever deflection with the HF concentration are discussed. The deflection in response to HF of a commercially available silicon cantilever was also studied, and its response was compared with that of the SiO2 cantilever. Much less bending amplitude and sensitivity were observed for the silicon cantilever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HYDROGEN fluoride KW - SILICON KW - NERVE gases KW - NEUROTOXIC agents KW - NONMETALS KW - ANALYTICAL chemistry N1 - Accession Number: 13600186; Yanjun Tang 1 Ji Fang 1 Xiaohe Xu 1 Hai-Feng Ji 1; Email Address: hji@chem.latech.edu Brown, Gilbert M. 2 Thundatt, Thomas 3; Affiliation: 1: Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71270. 2: Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 3: Life Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 76 Issue 9, p2478; Subject Term: HYDROGEN fluoride; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: NERVE gases; Subject Term: NEUROTOXIC agents; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1021/ac0352272 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13600186&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhigang Wu AU - Rodgers, Ryan P. AU - Marshall, Alan G. T1 - Two- and Three-Dimensional van Krevelen Diagrams: A Graphical Analysis Complementary to the Kendrick Mass Plot for Sorting Elemental Compositions . . . JO - Analytical Chemistry JF - Analytical Chemistry Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 76 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2511 EP - 2516 SN - 00032700 AB - Ultrahigh-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has resolved and identified the elemental compositions of over 10 000 organic constituents of coal and petroleum crude oil. A plot of Kendrick mass defect versus Kendrick nominal mass sorts compounds into homologous series according to compound class (i.e., numbers of N, O, and S heteroatoms), type (number of rings plus double bonds), and degree of alkylation (number of CH2 groups), to yield unique elemental assignments from ultrahigh-resolution mass measurements in the 200-900 Da range. Interpretation of such a vast compilation requires a simple (preferably graphical) means to differentiate between complex organic mixtures of different origin or processing. In an extension of the recently revived van Krevelen plot, each elemental composition is projected onto two or three axes according to its H/C, O/C, and/or N/C atomic ratios. The H/C ratio separates compounds according to degree of saturation, whereas O/C or N/C ratios separate according to O and N classes. We show that the three-dimensional van Krevelen diagram can completely separate different classes in pyridine-extracted coal or petroleum samples and can also graphically distinguish fossil fuels according to their nature (coal vs petroleum), maturation (coals of different rank), and processing (the same coal at two stages of liquefaction). The van Krevelen diagram thus appears well suited to amplifying and exposing compositional differences within and between complex organic mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IONIZATION (Atomic physics) KW - FOURIER analysis KW - MASS spectrometry KW - CYCLOTRONS KW - ALKYLATION KW - ANALYTICAL chemistry N1 - Accession Number: 13600191; Zhigang Wu 1,2 Rodgers, Ryan P. 1,2 Marshall, Alan G. 1,2; Email Address: marshall@magnet.fsu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005. 2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 76 Issue 9, p2511; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: CYCLOTRONS; Subject Term: ALKYLATION; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1021/ac0355449 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13600191&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnes IV, James H. AU - Schilling, Gregory D. AU - Sperline, Roger AU - Denton, M. Bonner AU - Young, Erick T. AU - Barinaga, Charles J. AU - Koppenaal, David W. AU - Hieftje, Gary M. T1 - Characterization of a Focal Plane Camera Fitted to a Mattauch -- Herzog Geometry Mass Spectrograph. 2. Use with an Inductively Coupled Plasma. JO - Analytical Chemistry JF - Analytical Chemistry Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 76 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2531 EP - 2536 SN - 00032700 AB - A novel charge-sensitive detector array, termed the focal plane camera (FPC), has been coupled to a Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrograph (MHMS) with an inductively coupled plasma ionization source. The FPC employs an array of gold Faraday cups, each with its own charge-integrating circuit that allows the simultaneous detection of several m/z ratios. The ion-sampling interface of the MHMS has been redesigned to provide better heat transfer away from the sampler and skimmer cones and to reduce the negative effects of turbulent gas flows around the plasma. The instrument has produced limits of detection in the tens to hundreds of parts per quadrillion regime and isotope ratio accuracy and precision of 5% error and 0.007% RSD, respectively. Limits of detection with the FPC are comparable to those obtained with a single-channel secondary electron multiplier (SEM). However, the isotope ratio accuracy and precision are better with the FPC than when the SEM is employed. The dynamic range has been shown to be linear over 7 orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MASS spectrometry KW - FOCAL planes KW - CAMERAS KW - IONIZATION (Atomic physics) KW - PHOTOMULTIPLIERS KW - PLASMA (Ionized gases) N1 - Accession Number: 13600194; Barnes IV, James H. 1 Schilling, Gregory D. 1 Sperline, Roger 2 Denton, M. Bonner 2 Young, Erick T. 3 Barinaga, Charles J. 4 Koppenaal, David W. 4 Hieftje, Gary M. 1; Email Address: hieftje@indiana.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405. 2: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. 3: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. 4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 76 Issue 9, p2531; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: FOCAL planes; Subject Term: CAMERAS; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: PHOTOMULTIPLIERS; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414430 Photographic equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423410 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443145 Camera and photographic supplies stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1021/ac030337u UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13600194&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wong, Victor AU - Shalliker, R. Andrew AU - Guiochon, Georges T1 - Evaluation of the Uniformity of Analytical-Size Chromatography Columns Prepared by the Downward Packing of Particulate Slurries. JO - Analytical Chemistry JF - Analytical Chemistry Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 76 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2601 EP - 2608 SN - 00032700 AB - The axial heterogeneity of downward slurry-packed chromatography columns was evaluated. A series of columns were prepared that varied in total length from 5 to 30 cm. Each column was packed in stainless steel tubing that was sectioned to allow the column to be divided into 5-cm sections after packing. Each 5-cm section of these columns was then tested for chromatographic performance. In total, 22 such column sections were tested. The results of the study show that the consolidation of the packed bed is a very complex problem, yet systematic variations of the column performance were observed, depending on the location of the section tested from within the entire column. For example, when columns longer than 20 cm were packed, the most homogeneous and best performing section of the column was the lower midsection. Whereas for columns shorter than 20 cm in length, the best sectioned region of the bed was the lower and outlet region. In all cases, the most poorly packed region of the bed was the column inlet section, irrespective of the bed length. The phenomenon associated with this axial heterogeneity undoubtedly results from a complex interplay between wall friction, particle momentum, and the pressure pulsations resulting from the packing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis KW - HETEROGENEITY KW - STAINLESS steel KW - ANALYTICAL chemistry KW - PHASE partition KW - HOMOGENEITY N1 - Accession Number: 13600204; Wong, Victor 1 Shalliker, R. Andrew 1 Guiochon, Georges 2; Email Address: guiochon@utk.edu; Affiliation: 1: School of Science Food and Horticulture, University of Western Sydney, South Penrith D.C., 1797 Australia. 2: Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600 and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37996.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 76 Issue 9, p2601; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; Subject Term: HETEROGENEITY; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: PHASE partition; Subject Term: HOMOGENEITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1021/ac030391a UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13600204&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yeung, Edward S. T1 - DYNAMICS OF SINGLE BIOMOLECULES IN FREE SOLUTION. JO - Annual Review of Physical Chemistry JF - Annual Review of Physical Chemistry Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 55 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 97 EP - C-2 PB - Annual Reviews Inc. SN - 0066426X AB - Instrumental advances have allowed the continuous observation of single-molecule trajectories in free solution. Diffraction-limited spectral resolution at video frame rates is routinely achieved by using commercial, intensified, charge-coupled device cameras, low-power continuous-wave lasers, and standard optical microscopes. Either the native fluorescence from large biomolecules or emission from conjugated fluorescence labels can be employed to follow multiple molecules over many seconds. Both molecular motion at the liquid/solid interface and in bulk solution can be recorded. The former reveals adsorption and desorption probabilities that are related to chromatographic retention processes and to the applicability of biocompatible materials. The latter allows the manipulation of particles and large biomolecules to facilitate separation and identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Annual Review of Physical Chemistry is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BIOMOLECULES KW - LIGHT amplifiers KW - DNA KW - OPTOELECTRONIC devices KW - BIOMEDICAL materials KW - SURFACE chemistry KW - chromatography KW - electrophoresis KW - interface KW - migration KW - protein N1 - Accession Number: 14393556; Yeung, Edward S. 1; Email Address: yeung@ameslab.gov; Affiliation: 1: Ames Laboratory-USDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p97; Subject Term: BIOMOLECULES; Subject Term: LIGHT amplifiers; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL materials; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrophoresis; Author-Supplied Keyword: interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: migration; Author-Supplied Keyword: protein; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1146/annurev.physchem.54.011002.103820 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14393556&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chandler, Darrell P. AU - Jarrell, Ann E. T1 - Automated Purification and Suspension Array Detection of 16S rRNA from Soil and Sediment Extracts by Using Tunable Surface Microparticles. JO - Applied & Environmental Microbiology JF - Applied & Environmental Microbiology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 70 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 2621 EP - 2631 SN - 00992240 AB - Autonomous, field-deployable molecular detection systems require seamless integration of complex biochemical solutions and physical or mechanical processing steps. In an attempt to simplify the fluidic requirements for integrated biodetection systems, we used tunable surface microparticles both as an rRNA affinity purification resin in a renewable microcolumn sample preparation system and as the sensor surface in a flow cytometer detector. The tunable surface detection limits in both low- and high-salt buffers were 1 ng of total RNA (∼104 cell equivalents) in 15-min test tube hybridizations and 10 ng of total RNA (∼105 cell equivalents) in hybridizations with the automated system (30-s contact time). RNA fragmentation was essential for achieving tunable surface suspension array specificity. Chaperone probes reduced but did not completely eliminate cross-hybridization, even with probes sharing <50% identity to target sequences. Nonpurified environmental extracts did not irreparably affect our ability to classify color-coded microparticles, but residual environmental constituents significantly quenched the Alexa-532 reporter fluor. Modulating surface charge did not influence the interaction of soluble environmental contaminants with conjugated beads. The automated system greatly reduced the effects of fluorescence quenching, especially in the soil background. The automated system was as efficacious as manual methods for simultaneous sample purification, hybridization, and washing prior to flow cytometry detection. The implications of unexpected target cross-hybridization and fluorescence quenching are discussed relative to the design and implementation of an integrated microbial monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOILS KW - MICROBIAL ecology KW - HYBRIDIZATION KW - POLLUTANTS N1 - Accession Number: 13273903; Chandler, Darrell P. 1; Email Address: dchandler@anl.gov Jarrell, Ann E. 2; Affiliation: 1: Biochip Technology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 2: Environmental Microbiology Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 70 Issue 5, p2621; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: HYBRIDIZATION; Subject Term: POLLUTANTS; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1128/AEM.70.5.2621-2631.2004 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13273903&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spataru, C. D. AU - Ismail-Beigi, S. AU - Benedict, L. X. AU - Louie, S. G. T1 - Quasiparticle energies, excitonic effects and optical absorption spectra of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes. JO - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing JF - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 78 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1129 EP - 1136 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 09478396 AB - We present a first-principles study of the effects of many-electron interactions on the optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Motivated by recent experiments, we have carried out ab initio calculations on the single-walled carbon nanotubes (3, 3), (5, 0) and (8, 0). The calculations are based on a many-body Green’s function approach in which both the quasiparticle (single-particle) excitation spectrum and the optical (electron–hole excitation) spectrum are determined. We show that the optical spectrum of both the semiconducting and metallic nanotubes studied exhibits important excitonic effects due to their quasi-one-dimensional nature. Binding energies for excitonic states range from zero for the metallic (5, 0) tube to nearly 1 eV for the semiconducting (8, 0) tube. Moreover, the metallic (3, 3) tube possesses exciton states bound by nearly 100 meV. Our calculated spectra explain quantitatively the observed features found in the measured spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - QUASIPARTICLES (Physics) KW - NANOTUBES KW - CARBON KW - OPTICAL spectrometers KW - DENSITY functionals KW - BETHE-Salpeter equation N1 - Accession Number: 12491575; Spataru, C. D. 1,2 Ismail-Beigi, S. 1,2 Benedict, L. X. 3 Louie, S. G. 1,2; Email Address: sglouie@uclink.berkeley.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA 2: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 3: H Division, Physics and Advanced Technologies Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 78 Issue 8, p1129; Subject Term: QUASIPARTICLES (Physics); Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectrometers; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: BETHE-Salpeter equation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12491575&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doorn, S. K. AU - Heller, D. A. AU - Barone, P. W. AU - Usrey, M. L. AU - Strano, M. S. T1 - Resonant Raman excitation profiles of individually dispersed single walled carbon nanotubes in solution. JO - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing JF - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 78 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1147 EP - 1155 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 09478396 AB - Raman excitation profiles were generated between 695 and 985 nm for individual carbon nanotubes dispersed in aqueous solution. We confirmed that previously published spectral assignments for semi-conducting and metallic carbon nanotubes are able to predict the location and resonant maxima of radial breathing mode features in the Raman spectrum. Three large diameter features were observed within the excitation space over the scan range and accurately predicted as metallic species. There was significant agreement between predicted and observed Raman modes. However, one discrepancy is noted with the (6,4) nanotubes. This species is not observed when excited at or near its absorption transition. We find that the Raman cross-sections in general, assuming a diameter-based distribution of nanotubes, are disproportionately smaller for mod(n-m,3)=1 semi-conducting nanotubes than their counterparts by at least an order of magnitude. These results have important implications for the use of Raman spectroscopy to effectively characterize the chirality distribution of carbon nanotube samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NANOTUBES KW - CARBON KW - ABSORPTION cross sections KW - FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy KW - ELECTRON energy loss spectroscopy KW - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices N1 - Accession Number: 12491573; Doorn, S. K. 1 Heller, D. A. 2 Barone, P. W. 3 Usrey, M. L. 3 Strano, M. S. 3; Email Address: strano@uiuc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry Division, Analytical Chemistry Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 2: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois — Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 3: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois — Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 78 Issue 8, p1147; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ABSORPTION cross sections; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRON energy loss spectroscopy; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12491573&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - G. Y. Jung, T. G. AU - Ganapathiappan, S. AU - X. Li AU - Ohlberg, D. A. A. AU - Olynick, D. L. AU - Chen, Y. AU - W. M. Tong, Y. AU - Williams, R. S. T1 - Fabrication of molecular-electronic circuits by nanoimprint lithography at low temperatures and pressures. JO - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing JF - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 78 IS - 8 M3 - Article SP - 1169 EP - 1173 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 09478396 AB - We have utilized a modified version of thermal nanoimprint lithography to fabricate a rewritable, nonvolatile, molecular memory device with a density of 6.4 Gbit/cm[sup 2]. It has the advantages of a relatively low operating temperature of (∼70 °C) and pressure of (<500 psi or 4.5 MPa), both of which are critical to preserving the integrity of the molecular layer. The architecture of the circuit was based on an 8×8 crossbar structure, with an active molecular layer sandwiched between the top and bottom electrodes. A liftoff process was utilized to produce the top and bottom electrodes made of Pt/Ti bilayers. The active molecular layer was deposited by the Languir–Blodgett technique. We utilized a new class of nanoimprint resist formulated by dissolving a polymer in its monomer. The formulation we used, was poly(benzyl methacrylate), dissolved in benzyl methacrylate with t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexanoate added as a self-initiator (8:90:2 by weight). The new resist allowed us to achieve Pt/Ti lines of 40 nm in width and 130 nm in pitch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY KW - ELECTRODES KW - METHYL methacrylate KW - POLYMERS KW - MICROFABRICATION KW - GLASS transition temperature N1 - Accession Number: 12491583; G. Y. Jung, T. G. 1 Ganapathiappan, S. 1 X. Li 1 Ohlberg, D. A. A. 1 Olynick, D. L. 2 Chen, Y. 1 W. M. Tong, Y. 1,3 Williams, R. S. 1; Email Address: stan.williams@hp.com; Affiliation: 1: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, USA 2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 3: Technology Development Operations, Inkjet Technology Platform, Hewlett-Packard Company, Oregon, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 78 Issue 8, p1169; Subject Term: PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: METHYL methacrylate; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12491583&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, S. G. AU - Barty, C. P. J. AU - Betts, S. M. AU - Brown, W. J. AU - Crane, J. K. AU - Cross, R. R. AU - Fittinghoff, D. N. AU - Gibson, D. J. AU - Hartemann, F. V. AU - Kuba, J. AU - LeSage, G. P. AU - Rosenzweig, J. B. AU - Slaughter, D. R. AU - Springer, P. T. AU - Tremaine, A. M. T1 - Short-pulse, high-brightness X-ray production with the PLEIADES Thomson-scattering source. JO - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics JF - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 78 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 891 EP - 894 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 09462171 AB - PLEIADES is a compact, tunable, high-brightness, ultra-short-pulse, Thomson-scattering X-ray source. Picosecond pulses of hard X-rays (10–200 keV) are created by colliding an ultra-relativistic (20–100 MeV), picosecond-duration electron beam with a high-intensity, sub-picosecond, 800-nm laser pulse. Initial operation of this source has produced 78-keV X-rays with 106 photons per pulse using a 57-MeV, 0.3-nC, 50-μm rms width electron beam and a 180-mJ, 15-μm rms width laser pulse. The angular distribution, energy, and energy spectrum of the source are found to agree well with theory and simulations. Source optimization is expected to increase X-ray output to between 107 and 108 photons per pulse with a peak brightness approaching 1020 photons/s/0.1% bandwidth/mm2/mrad2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-rays KW - LASERS KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - ELECTRONS KW - PHOTONS KW - EMISSIONS (Air pollution) N1 - Accession Number: 13008678; Anderson, S. G. 1; Email Address: anderson131@llnl.gov Barty, C. P. J. 1 Betts, S. M. 1 Brown, W. J. 1 Crane, J. K. 1 Cross, R. R. 1 Fittinghoff, D. N. 1 Gibson, D. J. 2 Hartemann, F. V. 1 Kuba, J. 1 LeSage, G. P. 1 Rosenzweig, J. B. 3 Slaughter, D. R. 1 Springer, P. T. 1 Tremaine, A. M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 2: UCD Department of Applied Science, 66 Hert Hall, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 3: UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 78 Issue 7/8, p891; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13008678&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Staub, F. AU - Braud, M. AU - Balmer, J. E. AU - Nilsen, J. AU - Bajt, S. T1 - Simultaneous imaging of the near- and far-field intensity distributions of the Ni-like Sn X-ray laser. JO - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics JF - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 78 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 971 EP - 974 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 09462171 AB - We report two-dimensional near-field imaging experiments of the 11.9-nm Sn X-ray laser that were performed with a set of novel Mo/Y multilayer mirrors having reflectivities of up to ∼40% at normal and at 45° incidence. Second-moment analysis of the X-ray laser emission was used to determine values of the X-ray beam propagation factor M2 for a range of irradiation parameters. The results reveal a reduction of M2 with increasing prepulse intensity. The spatial size of the output is a factor of ∼2 smaller than previously measured for the 14.7-nm Pd X-ray laser, while the distance of the X-ray emission with respect to the target surface remains roughly the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-rays KW - EMISSIONS (Air pollution) KW - LASERS KW - IRRADIATION KW - SELENIUM N1 - Accession Number: 13008691; Staub, F. 1; Email Address: felix.staub@iap.unibe.ch Braud, M. 1 Balmer, J. E. 1 Nilsen, J. 2 Bajt, S. 2; Affiliation: 1: Institute of Applied Physics, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 78 Issue 7/8, p971; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: SELENIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13008691&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zeitoun, P. H. AU - Balcou, P. H. AU - Bucourt, S. AU - Delmotte, F. AU - Dovillaire, G. AU - Douillet, D. AU - Dunn, J. AU - Faivre, G. AU - Fajardo, M. AU - Goldberg, K. A. AU - Hubert, S. AU - Hunter, J. R. AU - Idir, M. AU - Jacquemot, S. AU - Kazamias, S. AU - Le Pape, S. AU - Levecq, X. AU - Lewis, C. L. S. AU - Marmoret, R. T1 - Recent developments in X-UV optics and X-UV diagnostics. JO - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics JF - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 78 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 983 EP - 988 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 09462171 AB - Metrology of XUV beams (X-ray lasers, high-harmonic generation and VUV free-electron lasers) is of crucial importance for the development of applications. We have thus developed several new optical systems enabling us to measure the optical properties of XUV beams. By use of a Michelson interferometer working as a Fourier-transform spectrometer, the line shapes of different X-ray lasers have been measured with a very high accuracy (Δλ/λ ∼ 10-6). Achievement of the first XUV wavefront sensor has enabled us to measure the beam quality of laser-pumped as well as discharge-pumped X-ray lasers. A capillary discharge X-ray laser has demonstrated a very good wavefront allowing us to achieve an intensity as high as 3×1014 W cm-2 by focusing with a ƒ = 5 cm mirror. The sensor accuracy has been measured using a calibrated spherical wave generated by diffraction. The accuracy has been estimated to be as good as λ/120 at 13 nm. Commercial developments are underway. At Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, we are setting up a new beamline based on high-harmonic generation in order to start the femtosecond, coherent XUV optic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-rays KW - ELECTRONS KW - LASERS KW - GIRDERS KW - INTERFEROMETERS KW - SPECTROMETERS KW - DETECTORS N1 - Accession Number: 13008680; Zeitoun, P. H. 1; Email Address: phillippe.zeitoun@ensta.fr Balcou, P. H. 2 Bucourt, S. 3 Delmotte, F. 4 Dovillaire, G. 3 Douillet, D. 2 Dunn, J. 5 Faivre, G. 1 Fajardo, M. 1 Goldberg, K. A. 6 Hubert, S. 1,2 Hunter, J. R. 5 Idir, M. 1 Jacquemot, S. 7 Kazamias, S. 2 Le Pape, S. 1 Levecq, X. 3 Lewis, C. L. S. 8 Marmoret, R. 7; Affiliation: 1: Laboratoire d'Interaction du rayonnement X avec la Matière, Université Paris-Sud, Bât 350, 91405 Orsay, France 2: Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, Chemin de La Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France 3: Imagine Optic, 18 rue Charles de Gaulle, 91400 Orsay, France 4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA 5: Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 6: Commissariat á l'Énergie Atomique, BP 2, 91680 Bruyères-le-Chatel, France 7: School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK 8: NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1373, USA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 78 Issue 7/8, p983; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: GIRDERS; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13008680&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glover, T. E. AU - Ackerman, G. D. AU - Lee, R. W. AU - Young, D. A. T1 - Probing particle synthesis during femtosecond laser ablation: initial phase transition kinetics. JO - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics JF - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 78 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 995 EP - 1000 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 09462171 AB - The impulsive superheating of matter by an intense, ultrashort laser pulse drives material expansion into vacuum (ablation) and an associated formation of nanoparticles. The underlying dynamics of particle formation are complex and direct experimental probes of the rapid material evolution are essential. Femtosecond lasers coupled to modern synchrotrons offer an important new opportunity to probe ejecta dynamics on an atomic lengthscale. Here, the impulsive heating of a semiconductor (silicon) by an intense femtosecond laser pulse leads to material ejection and time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy probes rapid solidification kinetics occurring within the ejecta. Transient photoemission peak-shifts indicate that material is ejected predominantly as liquid droplets and that solidification occurs rapidly (< 50 ps). The solidification time suggests that vacuum ejection leads to significantly enhanced undercooling compared to what has been obtained by more conventional quenching techniques; this may be of interest in attempts to ‘trap’ novel material states associated with extreme laser heating. Finally, a low fraction of vapor particles in the ejecta supports a view that the size-distribution of ejected particles is set by an initial fragmentation process rather than by vapor condensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LASERS KW - VACUUM KW - NANOPARTICLES KW - SYNCHROTRONS KW - HEATING KW - SEMICONDUCTORS KW - SILICON KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - DYNAMICS KW - PHOTOEMISSION N1 - Accession Number: 13008656; Glover, T. E. 1; Email Address: teglover@lbl.gov Ackerman, G. D. 1 Lee, R. W. 2 Young, D. A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 2: Physics Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 78 Issue 7/8, p995; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRONS; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHOTOEMISSION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13008656&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norman, E.B. AU - Browne, E. AU - Goldman, I.D. AU - Renne, P.R. T1 - Improved limit on the electron capture decay branch of 176Lu JO - Applied Radiation & Isotopes JF - Applied Radiation & Isotopes Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 60 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 767 SN - 09698043 AB - We have performed searches for the electron-capture decay branches of 176Lu to the ground state and first excited state of 176Yb. No evidence of either decay mode was observed. From these measurements we have established upper limits on both of these possible branches that are each >20 times more stringent than the single previously published limit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Applied Radiation & Isotopes is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRON capture KW - NUCLEAR physics KW - DECAY schemes (Radioactivity) KW - YTTERBIUM KW - Electron-capture KW - Ge detector KW - Geochronology KW - Natural radioactivity N1 - Accession Number: 12776082; Norman, E.B. 1; Email Address: ebnorman@lbl.gov Browne, E. 1 Goldman, I.D. 2 Renne, P.R. 3,4; Affiliation: 1: Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 50R5008, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Instituto de Física, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil 3: Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA 4: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p767; Subject Term: ELECTRON capture; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: DECAY schemes (Radioactivity); Subject Term: YTTERBIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron-capture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ge detector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geochronology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Natural radioactivity; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.12.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12776082&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Silver, G.L. T1 - Corrigendum to “Work and disproportionation for aqueous plutonium”: [Appl. Radiat. Isot. 59 (2003) 217–220] JO - Applied Radiation & Isotopes JF - Applied Radiation & Isotopes Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 60 IS - 5 M3 - Correction notice SP - 783 SN - 09698043 N1 - Accession Number: 12776085; Silver, G.L. 1; Email Address: gsilver@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MSE 500, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p783; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice L3 - 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.12.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12776085&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anovitz, L.M. AU - Elam, J.M. AU - Riciputi, L.R. AU - Cole, D.R. T1 - Isothermal Time-Series Determination of the Rate of Diffusion of Water in Pachuca Obsidian. JO - Archaeometry JF - Archaeometry Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 46 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 301 EP - 326 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 0003813X AB - article introducing an exciting, potentially precise and inexpensive method of dating obsidian artefacts has thus far failed to reach its potential. Numerous efforts to refine, improve and even redevelop the method since that time have similarly failed to achieve the original promise. Only within the last eight years have significant improvements been made, due to both improved analytical techniques and a better understanding of the hydration process. However, most of our mechanistic understanding of the interaction of water with rhyolitic glass is based on experiments performed on melts and glasses at temperatures above their glass transitions, conditions inappropriate for investigation of near-surface environmental conditions. Unfortunately, studies detailing the temporal evolution of the diffusion profile at low temperatures are rare, and few useful data are available on the low-temperature diffusive hydration of silicate glasses. This paper presents data on the experimental hydration of obsidian from the Pachuca source (a.k.a. Sierra de las Navajas, Basin of Mexico) at 75°C for times ranging from 3 to 562 days, and compares these results with data for samples obtained from a stratigraphic excavation of the Chalco site in the Basin of Mexico. Samples have been analysed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to provide concentration/depth data. While 75°C is still significantly above the temperatures at which archaeological obsidians hydrate, it is well below the glass transition temperature (approx. 400°C) and thus processes are likely to be similar to those that occur in nature, but fast enough to be observed over a laboratory timescale. The results demonstrate that a simple square-root-of-time model of the evolution of the diffusion profile is not adequate to describe the diffusion process, as measured diffusion profiles exhibit the effects of concentration- and time-dependent, non-Fickian diffusion. With progressive hydration, characteristic diffusion coefficients first decrease, then increase with time. Surface concentration increases with time, but an intermediate plateau is observed in its time evolution that is consistent with results obtained from the suite of Chalco samples. Both of these effects have been observed during diffusion in glassy polymer systems and are associated with the build-up and relaxation of self-stress caused by the influx of diffusing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Archaeometry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - OBSIDIAN KW - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. KW - GLASS transition temperature KW - THERMOPHYSICAL properties KW - TRANSITION temperature KW - DIFFUSION KW - POLYMERS KW - EXPERIMENTS N1 - Accession Number: 13218403; Anovitz, L.M. 1,2 Elam, J.M. 3 Riciputi, L.R. 4 Cole, D.R. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Geosciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA 2: Chemical Sciences Division, MS 6110, P.O. Box 2008, Bldg. 4500S, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, USA 3: Department of Anthroplogy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA 4: Chemical Sciences Division, MS 6375, P.O. Box 2008, Bldg. 4500s, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p301; Subject Term: OBSIDIAN; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Subject Term: TRANSITION temperature; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: EXPERIMENTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2004.00159.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13218403&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xia, Xiaobing AU - Lin, Chiann-Tso AU - Wang, Gang AU - Fang, Hongqing T1 - Binding of phlorizin to the C-terminal loop 13 of the Na+/glucose cotransporter does not depend on the [560–608] disulfide bond JO - Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics JF - Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 425 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 58 SN - 00039861 AB - The disulfide bonds of the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) are believed to participate in the binding of the transport inhibitor phlorizin. Here, we investigated the role of the [560–608] disulfide bond on the phlorizin-binding function of the C-terminal loop 13 of SGLT1 using 3-iodoacetamidophlorizin (3-IAP) as a probe. The reactivity of 3-IAP to the fully reduced loop 13 was competitively inhibited by phlorizin, as evident from the MALDI mass spectra. It indicates that the disulfide bond is not mandatory for phlorizin binding. CD and equilibrium unfolding studies showed that the secondary structure and conformation stability of loop 13 were not affected by removing the disulfide bond. Furthermore, we generated a series of loop 13 mutants to assess the contribution of the disulfide bond to phlorizin binding. A positive correlation between the stability and phlorizin affinity of the mutant proteins was observed, implying that the protein stability, rather than the disulfide bond, is relevant to the phlorizin-binding function of loop 13. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INSULIN synthesis -- Inhibitors KW - GLUCOSE KW - PROTEINS KW - REACTIVITY (Chemistry) KW - Conformational change KW - Disulfide bond KW - Phlorizin KW - SGLT1 KW - Stability KW - Sulfhydryl-modification N1 - Accession Number: 12779789; Xia, Xiaobing 1,2; Email Address: xb_xia2001@yahoo.com Lin, Chiann-Tso 2,3 Wang, Gang 1 Fang, Hongqing 4; Affiliation: 1: Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 10039, PR China 2: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany 3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA 4: Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, PR China; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 425 Issue 1, p58; Subject Term: INSULIN synthesis -- Inhibitors; Subject Term: GLUCOSE; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: REACTIVITY (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Conformational change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disulfide bond; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phlorizin; Author-Supplied Keyword: SGLT1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfhydryl-modification; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.abb.2004.02.025 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12779789&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abbasi, R. AU - Abu-Zayyad, T. AU - Amann, J.F. AU - Archbold, G. AU - Bellido, J.A. AU - Belov, K. AU - Belz, J.W. AU - Bergman, D.R. AU - Cao, Z. AU - Clay, R.W. AU - Connolly, B. AU - Cooper, M.D. AU - Dawson, B.R. AU - Finley, C. AU - Hanlon, W.F. AU - Hoffman, C.M. AU - Holzscheiter, M.H. AU - Hüntemeyer, P. AU - Jui, C.C.H. AU - Kim, K. T1 - Search for global dipole enhancements in the HiRes-I monocular data above 1018.5 eV JO - Astroparticle Physics JF - Astroparticle Physics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 21 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 111 SN - 09276505 AB - Several proposed source models for ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) consist of dipole distributions oriented towards major astrophysical landmarks such as the galactic center, M87, or Centaurus A. We use a comparison between real data and simulated data to show that the HiRes-I monocular data for energies above 1018.5 eV is, in fact, consistent with an isotropic source model. We then explore methods to quantify our sensitivity to dipole source models oriented towards the Galactic Center, M87, and Centaurus A. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COSMIC rays KW - IONIZING radiation KW - MONOCULARS KW - OPTICAL instruments KW - Anisotropy KW - Centaurus A KW - Cosmic rays KW - Dipole KW - Galactic center KW - M87 N1 - Accession Number: 12898850; Abbasi, R. 1 Abu-Zayyad, T. 1 Amann, J.F. 2 Archbold, G. 1 Bellido, J.A. 3 Belov, K. 1 Belz, J.W. 4 Bergman, D.R. 5 Cao, Z. 1 Clay, R.W. 3 Connolly, B. 6 Cooper, M.D. 2 Dawson, B.R. 3 Finley, C. 6 Hanlon, W.F. 1 Hoffman, C.M. 2 Holzscheiter, M.H. 2 Hüntemeyer, P. 1 Jui, C.C.H. 1 Kim, K. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics and High Energy Astrophysics Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 3: Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia 4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA 5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers––The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA 6: Department of Physics and Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY 10533, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p111; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: MONOCULARS; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centaurus A; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic center; Author-Supplied Keyword: M87; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2003.11.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12898850&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schlattl, H. AU - Heger, A. AU - Oberhummer, H. AU - Rauscher, T. AU - Csótó, A. T1 - Sensitivity of the C and O production on the 3α rate. JO - Astrophysics & Space Science JF - Astrophysics & Space Science Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 291 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 27 EP - 56 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 0004640X AB - We investigate the dependence of the carbon and oxygen production in stars on the 3α rate by varying the energy of the 0+2-state of 12C and determine the resulting yields for a selection of low-mass, intermediate-mass and massive stars. The yields are obtained using modern stellar evolution codes that follow the entire evolution of massive stars, including the supernova explosion, and consider in detail the 3rd dredge-up process during the thermally pulsating asymptotic giant branch of low-mass and intermediate-mass stars. Our results show that the C and O production in massive stars depends strongly on the initial mass, and that it is crucial to follow the entire evolution. A rather strong C production during the He-shell flashes compared to quiescent He burning leads to a lower sensitivity of the C and O production in low-mass and intermediate-mass stars on the 3α-rate than predicted in our previous work. In particular, the C production of intermediate-mass stars seems to have a maximum close to the actual value of the 0+2 energy level of 12C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Astrophysics & Space Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STELLAR evolution KW - CARBON KW - OXYGEN KW - GALAXIES KW - SUPERNOVAE KW - ENERGY level densities KW - abundances KW - evolution KW - interiors KW - late-type KW - stars KW - stars: abundances N1 - Accession Number: 16764128; Schlattl, H. 1; Email Address: hs@astro.livjm.ac.uk Heger, A. 2,3 Oberhummer, H. 4 Rauscher, T. 5 Csótó, A. 6; Affiliation: 1: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, UK 2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA 3: Theoretical Astrophysics Division, T-6, MS B227, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 4: Atominstitut of the Austrian Universities, Technische Universität Wien, Austria 5: Departement für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland 6: Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvouml;s University, Budapest, Hungary; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 291 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: ENERGY level densities; Author-Supplied Keyword: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: abundances; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16764128&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ghirardi, Maria L. AU - Amos, Wade T1 - RENEWABLE HYDROGEN FROM GREEN ALGAE. JO - BioCycle JF - BioCycle Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 45 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 59 EP - 62 PB - JG Press, Inc. SN - 02765055 AB - Presents on the discovery of a psychological way to manipulate algal cultures to photoproduce hydrogen without the need to continuously remove oxygen by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Economic potential of the hydrogen-producing system; Identification of the key factors as being the major costdrivers of the system; Result of the absence of carbon dioxide fixation by hydrogen-producing cultures. KW - Research KW - Hydrogen KW - Discoveries in science KW - Creative ability in science KW - Universities & colleges KW - California KW - United States N1 - Accession Number: 13162871; Ghirardi, Maria L. 1; Amos, Wade 1; Affiliations: 1: National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p59; Thesaurus Term: Research; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen; Subject Term: Discoveries in science; Subject Term: Creative ability in science; Subject Term: Universities & colleges; Subject: California; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=13162871&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leenheer, Jerry A. AU - Noyes, Ted I. AU - Rostad, Colleen E. AU - Davisson, M. Lee T1 - Characterization and origin of polar dissolved organic matter from the Great Salt Lake. JO - Biogeochemistry JF - Biogeochemistry Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 69 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 125 EP - 141 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 01682563 AB - Polar dissolved organic matter (DOM) was isolated from a surface-water sample from the Great Salt Lake by separating it from colloidal organic matter by membrane dialysis, from less-polar DOM fractions by resin sorbents, and from inorganic salts by a combination of sodium cation exchange followed by precipitation of sodium salts by acetic acid during evaporative concentration. Polar DOM was the most abundant DOM fraction, accounting for 56% of the isolated DOM. Colloidal organic matter was 14C-age dated to be about 100% modern carbon and all of the DOM fractions were 14C-age dated to be between 94 and 95% modern carbon. Average structural models of each DOM fraction were derived that incorporated quantitative elemental and infrared, 13C-NMR, and electrospray/mass spectrometric data. The polar DOM model consisted of open-chain N-acetyl hydroxy carboxylic acids likely derived from N-acetyl heteropolysaccharides that constituted the colloidal organic matter. The less polar DOM fraction models consisted of aliphatic alicyclic ring structures substituted with carboxyl, hydroxyl, ether, ester, and methyl groups. These ring structures had characteristics similar to terpenoid precursors. All DOM fractions in the Great Salt Lake are derived from algae and bacteria that dominate DOM inputs in this lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Biogeochemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Organic compounds KW - Seawater -- Organic compound content KW - Sodium salts KW - Salts KW - Acetic acid KW - Great Salt Lake (Utah) KW - Utah KW - Algae KW - Bacteria KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Salt water N1 - Accession Number: 15099903; Leenheer, Jerry A. 1; Email Address: leenheer@usgs.gov; Noyes, Ted I. 1; Rostad, Colleen E. 1; Davisson, M. Lee 2; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, MS 408, Bldg, 95, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA; 2: Environmental Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808 L-231, Livermore, California 94550, USA; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p125; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Seawater -- Organic compound content; Thesaurus Term: Sodium salts; Thesaurus Term: Salts; Thesaurus Term: Acetic acid; Subject: Great Salt Lake (Utah); Subject: Utah; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissolved organic carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissolved organic matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salt water; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=15099903&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - GEN AU - Kinney, J.H. AU - Stölken, J.S. T1 - Response to Keaveny JO - BONE JF - BONE Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 34 IS - 5 M3 - Letter SP - 913 SN - 87563282 N1 - Accession Number: 12989782; Kinney, J.H.; Email Address: jhkinney@llnl.gov Stölken, J.S. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p913; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Letter L3 - 10.1016/j.bone.2004.01.017 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12989782&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Darrell Fisher AU - Didier Rajon AU - Hazel Breitz AU - Michael Goris AU - Wesley Bolch AU - Susan Knox T1 - Dosimetry Model for Radioactivity Localized to Intestinal Mucosa. JO - Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals JF - Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals Y1 - 2004/05//5/01/2004 VL - 19 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 293 EP - 307 SN - 10849785 AB - Background: This paper provides a new model for calculating radiation-absorbed doses to the full thickness of the small and large intestinal walls, and to the mucosal layers. The model was used to estimate the intestinal radiation doses from yttrium-90-labeled-DOTA-biotin binding to NR-LU-10-streptavidin in patients. Methods: We selected model parameters from published data and observations, and used the model to calculate energy-absorbed fractions using the EGS4 radiation transport code. We determined the cumulated 90Y activity in the small and large intestines of patients from gamma camera images, and calculated absorbed doses to the mucosal layer and to the whole intestinal wall. Results: The mean absorbed dose to the wall of the small intestine was 16.2 mGy/MBq (60 cGy/mCi) administered from 90Y localized in the mucosa, and 70 mGy/MBq (260 cGy/mCi) to the mucosal layer within the wall. Doses to the large intestinal wall and to the mucosa of the large intestine were lower than those for the small intestine by a factor of about 2.5. These doses are greater by factors of about 5 to 6 than those that would have been calculated using the standard MIRD models that assume the intestinal activity is in the bowel contents. Conclusions: The specific uptake of radiopharmaceuticals in mucosal tissues may lead to doserelated intestinal toxicities. Tissue dosimetry at the sub-organ level is useful for a better understanding of intestinal tract radiotoxicity and associated dose-response relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RADIOACTIVITY KW - INTESTINAL mucosa KW - RADIATION KW - BIOTIN N1 - Accession Number: 20157978; Darrell Fisher 1 Didier Rajon 2 Hazel Breitz 3 Michael Goris 4 Wesley Bolch 2 Susan Knox 4; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 2: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 3: NeoRx Corporation, Seattle, WA 4: Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA; Source Info: 5/01/2004, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p293; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVITY; Subject Term: INTESTINAL mucosa; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: BIOTIN; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20157978&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Epling, William S. AU - Campbell, Larry E. AU - Yezerets, Aleksey AU - Currier, Neal W. AU - Parks II, James E. T1 - Overview of the Fundamental Reactions and Degradation Mechanisms of NOx Storage/Reduction Catalysts. JO - Catalysis Reviews: Science & Engineering JF - Catalysis Reviews: Science & Engineering Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 46 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 163 EP - 245 SN - 01614940 AB - Over the last several years, nitrogen oxide(s)(NOx) storage/reduction(NSR) catalysts, also referred to as NOx adsorbers or lean NOx traps, have been developed as an aftertreatment technology to reduce NOx emissions from lean-burn power sources. NSR operation is cyclic: during the lean part of the cycle, NOx are trapped on the catalyst; intermittent rich excursions are used to reduce the NOx to N2 and restore the original catalyst surface; and lean operation then resumes. This review will describe the work carried out in characterizing, developing, and understanding this catalyst technology for application in mobile exhaust-gas aftertreatment. The discussion will first encompass the reaction process fundamentals, which include five general steps involved in NOx reduction to N2 on NSR catalysts; NO oxidation, NO2 and NO sorption leading to nitrite and nitrate species, reductant evolution, NOx release, and finally NOx reduction to N2. Major unresolved issues and questions are listed at the end of each of the reaction process fundamental sections. Degradation mechanisms and their effects on NSR catalyst performance are also described in relation to these generalized reactions. Since at this stage it does not appear possible to arrive at a complete and consistent mechanistic model describing the broad, existing experimental phenomenology for these processes, this review is primarily focused on summarizing and evaluating literature data and reconciling the many differences presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Catalysis Reviews: Science & Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NITRIC oxide KW - CHEMICAL reduction KW - CATALYSTS KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - CHEMICAL processes KW - CHEMISTRY KW - Catalyst. KW - Emissions KW - NO oxidation KW - NOx release KW - NOx storage KW - NOx storage/reduction catalysts N1 - Accession Number: 14897997; Epling, William S. 1; Email Address: bill.epling@cummins.com Campbell, Larry E. 1 Yezerets, Aleksey 2 Currier, Neal W. 2 Parks II, James E. 3; Affiliation: 1: EmeraChem and Advanced Catalyst Systems, Maryville, Tennessee, USA. 2: Cummins, Inc., Columbus, Indiana, USA. 3: National Transportation Research Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p163; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Catalyst.; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NOx release; Author-Supplied Keyword: NOx storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: NOx storage/reduction catalysts; Number of Pages: 83p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1081/CR-200031932 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14897997&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feibelman, Peter J. T1 - What the stretch frequency spectrum of D2O/Ru(0 0 0 1) does and does not mean JO - Chemical Physics Letters JF - Chemical Physics Letters Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 389 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 92 SN - 00092614 AB - Based on O–D stretch frequencies, Denzler et al., reject partial dissociation of D2O molecules as the explanation of the measured structure of√ of – D2O/Ru(0 0 0 1). But it is largely the O–O distance that determines the O–D stretch frequency in an O–D3 ×3 ×√ of3 ⋯ O bond of an H-bonded network. Thus, a D2O adlayer''s stretch spectrum reflects its O–O distances, not its proportion of intact vs. dissociated molecules. This idea suggests that deuteron disorder in the heavy-water adlayer is the key to understanding its broad O–D stretch spectrum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - SCISSION (Chemistry) KW - FREQUENCY spectra KW - DEUTERON reactions N1 - Accession Number: 12838464; Feibelman, Peter J. 1; Email Address: pjfeibe@sandia.gov; Affiliation: 1: Surface and Interface Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 1415, Albuquerque NM 87185-1415, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 389 Issue 1-3, p92; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SCISSION (Chemistry); Subject Term: FREQUENCY spectra; Subject Term: DEUTERON reactions; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.065 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12838464&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jeremy Fried AU - Margaret Torn AU - Evan Mills T1 - The Impact of Climate Change on Wildfire Severity: A Regional Forecast for Northern California. JO - Climatic Change JF - Climatic Change Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 64 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 169 EP - 191 SN - 01650009 AB - We estimated the impact of climatic change on wildland fire and suppression effectiveness in northern California by linking general circulation model output to local weather and fire records and projecting fire outcomes with an initial-attack suppression model. The warmer and windier conditions corresponding to a 2 × CO2 climate scenario produced fires that burned more intensely and spread faster in most locations. Despite enhancement of fire suppression efforts, the number of escaped fires (those exceeding initial containment limits) increased 51% in the south San Francisco Bay area, 125% in the Sierra Nevada, and did not change on the north coast. Changes in area burned by contained fires were 41%, 41% and –8%, respectively. When interpolated to most of northern California's wildlands, these results translate to an average annual increase of 114 escapes (a doubling of the current frequency) and an additional 5,000 hectares (a 50% increase) burned by contained fires. On average, the fire return intervals in grass and brush vegetation types were cut in half. The estimates reported represent a minimum expected change, or best-case forecast. In addition to the increased suppression costs and economic damages, changes in fire severity of this magnitude would have widespread impacts on vegetation distribution, forest condition, and carbon storage, and greatly increase the risk to property, natural resources and human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CLIMATIC changes KW - WILDFIRES KW - WILDERNESS areas KW - CALIFORNIA N1 - Accession Number: 19957229; Jeremy Fried 1 Margaret Torn 2 Evan Mills 3; Affiliation: 1: PNW Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program USDA Forest Service P.O. Box 3890 Portland OR 97208 U.S.A. P.O. Box 3890 Portland OR 97208 U.S.A. 2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Earth Sciences Division One Cyclotron Road MS 90-1116 Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A. One Cyclotron Road MS 90-1116 Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A. 3: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Environmental Energy Technologies Division One Cyclotron Road MS 90-4000 Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A. One Cyclotron Road MS 90-4000 Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 64 Issue 1/2, p169; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: WILDFIRES; Subject Term: WILDERNESS areas; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19957229&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Franco, A. A. AU - Kaufman, P. D. T1 - Histone Deposition Proteins: Links between the DNA Replication Machinery and Epigenetic Gene Silencing. JO - Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology JF - Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 69 M3 - Article SP - 201 EP - 208 SN - 00917451 AB - Presents information on a study about molecular mechanisms of histone deposition that was presented at the 69th Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology in the U.S. in 2004. Importance of chromatin to genomic DNA; Background on the basic components of eukaryotic DNA replication; Ways to facilitate the extensive functional overlap between replication-coupled and replication-independent histone deposition in yeast. KW - HISTONES KW - CONFERENCES & conventions KW - CHROMATIN KW - GENOMES KW - DNA KW - DNA replication KW - YEAST KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 17707895; Franco, A. A. 1 Kaufman, P. D. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 69, p201; Subject Term: HISTONES; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: CHROMATIN; Subject Term: GENOMES; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: DNA replication; Subject Term: YEAST; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311990 All other food manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17707895&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Shiling AU - Hewson, John C. AU - Chen, Jacqueline H. AU - Pitsch, Heinz T1 - Effects of strain rate on high-pressure nonpremixedn -heptane autoignition in counterflow JO - Combustion & Flame JF - Combustion & Flame Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 137 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 320 SN - 00102180 AB - The effect of steady strain on the transient autoignition ofn -heptane at high pressures is studied numerically with detailed chemistry and transport in a counterflow configuration. Skeletal and reducedn -heptane mechanisms are developed and validated against experiments over a range of pressure and stoichiometries. Two configurations are investigated using the skeletal mechanism. First, the effect of strain rate on multistagen -heptane ignition is studied by imposing a uniform temperature for both the fuel and the oxidizer streams. Second, a temperature gradient between the fuel and the oxidizer streams is imposed. The global effect of strain on ignition is captured by a Damko¨hler number based on either the heat-release rate or the characteristic chain-branching rate. Results show that for low to moderate strain rates, both the low- and intermediate-temperature chemistries evolve in a manner comparable to that in homogeneous systems, including the negative temperature coefficient regime, but with somewhat slower evolution attributable to diffusive losses. At high strain rates diffusive losses inhibit ignition; for two-stage ignition, it is found that ignition is inhibited during the second, intermediate-temperature stage. The imposition of an overall temperature gradient further inhibits ignition because reaction zones for key branching reactions with large activation energies are narrowed. For a fixed oxidizer stream temperature that is not sufficiently high, a higher fuel temperature results in a shorter ignition delay provided that the heptyl radicals are mainly oxidized by low-temperature chemistry. As expected, an increase in pressure significantly increases reaction rates and reduces ignition delay time. However, with increasing pressure there is a shift toward single-stage low-temperature-dominated ignition which serves to delay ignition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HEPTANE KW - STRAIN theory (Chemistry) KW - OXIDATION KW - FUEL KW -n -Heptane KW - Autoignition KW - Counterflow KW - Nonpremixed KW - Strain effect N1 - Accession Number: 12838704; Liu, Shiling 1; Email Address: sliu@sandia.gov Hewson, John C. 1 Chen, Jacqueline H. 1 Pitsch, Heinz 2; Affiliation: 1: Reacting Flow Research Department, Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94551-0969, USA 2: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3030, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 137 Issue 3, p320; Subject Term: HEPTANE; Subject Term: STRAIN theory (Chemistry); Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: FUEL; Author-Supplied Keyword:n -Heptane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autoignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Counterflow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonpremixed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.01.011 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12838704&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Phan, A. -V. AU - Gray, L. J. AU - Kaplan, T. T1 - On the residue calculus evaluation of the 3-D anisotropic elastic green's function. JO - Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering JF - Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 20 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 335 EP - 341 SN - 10698299 AB - An algorithm based upon the residue calculus for computing three-dimensional anisotropic elastic Green's function and its derivatives has been presented in Sales and Gray (Comput. Structures 1998; 69:247–254). It has been shown that the algorithm runs three to four times faster than the standard Wilson–Cruse interpolation scheme. However, the main concern of the Sales–Gray algorithm is its numerical instability that could lead to significant errors due to the existence of multiple poles of the residue. This paper proposes a remedy for the problem by adding the capability to evaluate the Green's function in case of multiple poles of the residue. Further, an improved numerical implementation based on the use of double-subscript-notation elastic constants in determining the Christoffel tensor is also at issue. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GREEN'S functions KW - DIFFERENTIAL equations KW - CALCULUS KW - BOUNDARY element methods KW - NUMERICAL analysis KW - anisotropic elasticity KW - boundary element analysis KW - Green's function KW - residue calculus N1 - Accession Number: 13440560; Phan, A. -V. 1; Email Address: vphan@jaguar1.usouthal.edu Gray, L. J. 2 Kaplan, T. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688-0002, U.S.A. 2: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6367, U.S.A.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p335; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: CALCULUS; Subject Term: BOUNDARY element methods; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: anisotropic elasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: boundary element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Green's function; Author-Supplied Keyword: residue calculus; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1002/cnm.675 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13440560&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fletcher, C. F. AU - Arshad, M. A. AU - Izaurralde, R. C. AU - McGill, W. B. T1 - Spatial Variability of Nutrient Requirements in Fields of the South Peace River Region, Alberta. JO - Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis JF - Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 35 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 903 EP - 919 SN - 00103624 AB - Site-specific fertilizer application is pertinent only if there is a significant sub-field variability in nutrient requirements. The variability in soil test recommendations for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) was measured, along transects across three fields in the South Peace River region of Alberta. Depending on the field and intended crop, site-specific fertilizer application would: (1) increase fertilizer inputs by 4–10 kg ha−1, (2) reduce fertilizer inputs by 5–30 kg ha−1, or (3) redistribute the same amount of fertilizer required for uniform application, differently among nutrients and across the field. Fields with extreme topography are more likely to benefit from site-specific fertilizer application, however, slope position alone would be inadequate to stratify fields for this purpose. Requirements for K were the most sensitive to sub-field variability, followed by those for S, P, and N. Producers in the region may not consider site-specific application because grid sampling may be too costly. Quick and economical ways to determine site-specific fertilizer requirements are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NUTRITION -- Requirements KW - FERTILIZER requirements KW - SPATIAL variation KW - PRECISION farming KW - ALBERTA KW - CANADA KW - Northern Alberta KW - Nutrient requirements KW - Site-specific fertilizer practices KW - Spatial variability N1 - Accession Number: 12773312; Fletcher, C. F. 1 Arshad, M. A. 1; Email Address: arshadc@agr.gc.ca. Izaurralde, R. C. 2 McGill, W. B. 3; Affiliation: 1: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Beaverlodge,Canada 2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Washington, District of Columbia,USA 3: University of Northern British Columbia,Prince George,Canada; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 35 Issue 7/8, p903; Subject Term: NUTRITION -- Requirements; Subject Term: FERTILIZER requirements; Subject Term: SPATIAL variation; Subject Term: PRECISION farming; Subject Term: ALBERTA; Subject Term: CANADA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Northern Alberta; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutrient requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Site-specific fertilizer practices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial variability; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1081/CSS-120030563 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12773312&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colgate, Stirling A. AU - Li, Hui T1 - Acceleration mechanisms 2: force-free reconnection T2 - Mécanismes d'accélération 2 : reconnexion de champs sans force JO - Comptes Rendus Physique JF - Comptes Rendus Physique Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 5 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 431 EP - 440 SN - 16310705 AB - We suggest an unconventional view of the origin of most cosmic rays (CRs) in the universe. We propose that nearly every accelerated CR was part of the parallel current that maintains all force-free (f-f) magnetic fields. Charged particles are accelerated by the electric fieldEǁ produced by reconnection parallel to the magnetic fieldB . The inferred total energy in extragalactic cosmic rays is∼ 1060 ergs per galaxy spacing volume, provided that the assumed acceleration mechanisms do not preferentially only accelerate ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). This total energy is quite large, about105 times the parent galactic CR or magnetic energy. We argue that the formation energy of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at galaxy centers,∼ 1062 ergs, becomes the only feasible source. We propose an efficient dynamo process which converts gravitational free energy into magnetic energy in an accretion disk around a SMBH. Aided by Keplerian winding, this dynamo converts a poloidal seed field into f-f fields, which are transported into the general intergalactic medium (IGM) eventually. This magnetic energy must also have been efficiently converted into particle energies, as evidenced by the radiation from energetic particles. In this view CRs of the IGM are the result of the continuing dissipation, in a Hubble time, of this free energy, by acceleration in situ within the f-f fields confined within the super-galactic walls and filaments of large scale structures. In addition, UHECRs are diffusively lost to the galactic voids at time scales below the GZK attenuation time,∼ 108 years. Similarly, within the galaxy we expect that the winding by the disk rotation of the galaxy, by the rotation energy of magnetized neutron stars, and by the Keplerian winding of star formation disks are efficient sources of f-f magnetic field energy and hence the sources of galactic CR acceleration. To cite this article: S.A. Colgate, H. Li, C. R. Physique 5 (2004). (English) [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Nous proposons une vision non conventionnelle de l'origine de la plupart des rayons cosmiques dans l'univers. Notre ide´e est que pratiquement tout rayon cosmique ayant subi une acce´le´ration est issu du courant paralle`le qui entretient tout champ magne´tique sans force (force-free, f-f). Les particules charge´es sont acce´le´re´es par le champ e´lectriqueE∥ produit par la reconnexion paralle`le au champ magne´tiqueB . L'e´nergie totale qui en re´sulte pour les rayons cosmiques extra-galactiques est∼ 1060 ergs par volume moyen extra-galactique correspondant a` une galaxie. Cette e´nergie totale est assez importante. Elle est environ105 fois plus e´leve´e que l'e´nergie transporte´e par les rayons cosmiques ou l'e´nergie magne´tique dans la galaxie me`re. Nous proposons comme seule source cre´dible d'e´nergie celle de formation de trous noirs super-massifs,∼ 1062 ergs, au centre de galaxies. Nous pre´sentons un me´canisme de dynamo efficace qui transforme l'e´nergie libre gravitationnelle en e´nergie magne´tique dans le disque d'accre´tion d'un trou noir. Graˆce a` l'enroulement keplerien, cette dynamo transforme un champ-germe poloidal en champs f-f (sans force), qui en fin de compte sont transporte´s vers le milieu inter-galactique. Cette e´nergie magne´tique doit e´galement eˆtre convertie en e´nergie cine´tique avec un bon rendement, comme tendrait a` le prouver le rayonnement e´mis par les particules e´nerge´tiques. Vus sous cet angle, les rayons cosmiques des milieux inter-galactiques re´sultent de la dissipation continue de cette e´nergie libre dans le temps de Hubble. Cette e´nergie sert a` leur acce´le´ration in situ par les champs f-f confine´s aux parois super-galactiques et aux filaments des structures a` grande e´chelle. De plus, les rayons cosmiques d'e´nergies extreˆmes disparaissent par diffusion a` des e´chelles de temps infe´rieures a` celles de l'atte´nuation par le me´canisme GZK, a` savoir∼ 108 anne´es. De meˆme, nous pensons que l'acce´le´ration des rayons cosmiques galactiques peut eˆtre due a` des me´canismes puissants tels que l'enroulement du champ par l'e´nergie de rotation du disque galactique ou des e´toiles a` neutrons magne´tise´es, ou l'enroulement keplerien des disques de formation stellaires. Pour citer cet article : S.A. Colgate, H. Li, C. R. Physique 5 (2004). (French) [Copyright 2004 Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Comptes Rendus Physique is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - COSMIC rays KW - MAGNETIC fields KW - ELECTRIC fields KW - COSMIC magnetic fields KW - SUPERMASSIVE black holes KW - Acceleration mechanisms KW - Force-free reconnection KW - UHE cosmic rays KW - Mécanismes d'accélération KW - Rayons cosmiques d'énergies extrêmes KW - Reconnexion de champs sans force N1 - Accession Number: 13236344; Colgate, Stirling A. 1; Email Address: colgate@lanl.gov Li, Hui 1; Email Address: hli@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: MS 227, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p431; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Subject Term: SUPERMASSIVE black holes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acceleration mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Force-free reconnection; Author-Supplied Keyword: UHE cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mécanismes d'accélération; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rayons cosmiques d'énergies extrêmes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reconnexion de champs sans force; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.crhy.2004.04.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13236344&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gurtubay, I.G. AU - Ku, Wei AU - Pitarke, J.M. AU - Eguiluz, A.G. T1 - Effects of the crystal structure in the dynamical electron density-response of hcp transition metals JO - Computational Materials Science JF - Computational Materials Science Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 30 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 104 SN - 09270256 AB - We present an all-electron study of the dynamical density-response function of hexagonal close-packed transition metals Sc and Ti. We elucidate various aspects of the interplay between the crystal structure and the electron dynamics by investigating the loss function, and the associated dielectric function, for wave vector transfers perpendicular and parallel to the hexagonal plane. As expected, but contrary to recent work, we find that the free-electron-like aspects of the dynamical response are rather isotropic for small wave vectors. The crystal local-field effects are found to have an impact on the plasmon energy for small wave vectors, which gives rise to an interplay with the exchange–correlation effects built into the many-body kernel. The loss function lineshape shows a significant dependence on propagation direction; in particular, for propagation on the hexagonal plane the plasmon hybridizes substantially with fine structure due tod -electron transitions, and its dispersion curve becomes difficult to establish, beyond the small wave vector limit. The response is calculated in the framework of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), based on a full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) ground state, in which the exchange–correlation effects are treated in the local-density approximation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRON distribution KW - DENSITY functionals KW - WAVE mechanics KW - CRYSTALLIZATION N1 - Accession Number: 12839240; Gurtubay, I.G. 1; Email Address: wmbgagui@lg.ehu.es Ku, Wei 2 Pitarke, J.M. 1,3 Eguiluz, A.G. 4,5; Affiliation: 1: Materia Kondentsatuaren Fisika Saila, Zientzi Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 Posta kutxatila, 48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain 2: Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8677, USA 3: Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia, Basque Country, Spain 4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1200, USA 5: Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-1200, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 30 Issue 1/2, p104; Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: WAVE mechanics; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.01.016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12839240&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hyman, J.M. T1 - The convergence of mimetic discretization for rough grids JO - Computers & Mathematics with Applications JF - Computers & Mathematics with Applications Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 47 IS - 10/11 M3 - Article SP - 1565 EP - 1610 SN - 08981221 AB - Abstract: We prove that the mimetic finite-difference discretizations of Laplace''s equation converges on rough logically-rectangular grids with convex cells. Mimetic discretizations for the invariant operators'' divergence, gradient, and curl satisfy exact discrete analogs of many of the important theorems of vector calculus. The mimetic discretization of the Laplacian is given by the composition of the discrete divergence and gradient. We first construct a mimetic discretization on a single cell by geometrically constructing inner products for discrete scalar and vector fields, then constructing a finite-volume discrete divergence, and then constructing a discrete gradient that is consistent with the discrete divergence theorem. This construction is then extended to the global grid. We demonstrate the convergence for the two-dimensional Laplace equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions on grids with a lower bound on the angles in the cell corners and an upper bound on the cell aspect ratios. The best convergence rate to be expected is first order, which is what we prove. The techniques developed apply to far more general initial boundary-value problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Computers & Mathematics with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HARMONIC functions (Mathematics) KW - PARTIAL differential equations KW - CALCULUS KW - BOUNDARY value problems KW - DIFFERENTIAL equations KW - Convergence KW - Finite-volume method KW - Mimetic discretization N1 - Accession Number: 15446950; Hyman, J.M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory T-7, MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.A.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 47 Issue 10/11, p1565; Subject Term: HARMONIC functions (Mathematics); Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: CALCULUS; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-volume method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mimetic discretization; Number of Pages: 46p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.camwa.2004.06.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15446950&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, Wayne M. AU - Burrell, Anthony K. AU - Officer, David L. AU - Jolley, Kenneth W. T1 - Porphyrins as light harvesters in the dye-sensitised TiO2 solar cell JO - Coordination Chemistry Reviews JF - Coordination Chemistry Reviews Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 248 IS - 9/10 M3 - Article SP - 817 SN - 00108545 AB - The sensitisation of TiO2 with a wide variety of inorganic and organic dyes for light harvesting has been investigated over the last 20 years for the development of efficient solar cells. Given their efficacy in photosynthesis, porphyrin dyes have great potential in this regard. A significant number of porphyrins have been evaluated in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs), but little is known about the structural and electronic features required for efficient porphyrin light harvesting on semiconductors (SCs). One of the most appealing aspects of the use of porphyrins as dyes is that a wide variety of large porphyrin arrays can now be synthesised. The attachment of such arrays (or light harvesting antennae) to SCs such as TiO2 provides the potential to dramatically increase the dye surface coverage of the SC, and therefore the dye-sensitised solar cell (DSSC) efficiency. There has been little work carried out in this area to date. Following the development of an efficient building block approach to functionalised porphyrin arrays, we have synthesised a variety of β-carboxylic substituted porphyrin monomers and multi-porphyrin arrays and evaluated their performance in the dye-sensitised TiO2 (Gra¨tzel) solar cell. The effect of porphyrin substituent, functional group position, linker conjugation, binding group and electrolyte on the porphyrin light harvesting efficiency was investigated. It was found that a β-substituted monoporphyrin carboxylic acid derivative with a conjugated linker shows significant advantage over any antennae-type of multi-porphyrin arrays. In particular, of all the porphyrins evaluated, 4-trans-2′-(2″-(5″,10″,15″,20″-tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc(II)yl)ethen-1′-yl)-1-benzoic acid gives an overall efficiency of 4.2% under AM1.5 conditions in an unoptimised Gra¨tzel cell, making it one of the most efficient porphyrin dye sensitisers synthesised to date. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Coordination Chemistry Reviews is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PORPHYRINS KW - TITANIUM dioxide KW - SOLAR cells KW - PHOTOSYNTHESIS KW - DSSC KW - PEC KW - Porphyrin KW - Solar cell KW - TiO2 KW - Titanium dioxide N1 - Accession Number: 13589812; Campbell, Wayne M. 1 Burrell, Anthony K. 2 Officer, David L. 1; Email Address: d.officer@massey.ac.nz Jolley, Kenneth W. 1; Affiliation: 1: Nanomaterials Research Centre and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 2: Actinide, Catalysis and Separations Chemistry, C-SIC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 248 Issue 9/10, p817; Subject Term: PORPHYRINS; Subject Term: TITANIUM dioxide; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSSC; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porphyrin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium dioxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.01.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13589812&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elcock, Deborah AU - Klemic, Gladys A. AU - Taboas, Anibal L. T1 - Establishing Remediation Levels in Response to a Radiological Dispersal Event (or "Dirty Bomb"). JO - Environmental Science & Technology JF - Environmental Science & Technology Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 38 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2505 EP - 2512 SN - 0013936X AB - The detonation of a radiological dispersal device (ADD) could produce significant social and economic damage, the extent of which would depend largely on how quickly and effectively cleanup levels were established and on public acceptance of those levels. This paper shows that current radiological cleanup laws and regulations, models for converting dose or risk goals to cleanup concentrations, and existing site-specific criteria were not designed specifically for ROD cleanups but, absent changes, would apply by default The goals and approaches of these legal and methodological structures often conflict; using them in response to terrorism could undermine public confidence, cause delays, and produce unnecessary costs or unacceptable cleanups. ROD cleanups would involve immediate priorities not envisioned in the existing radiological cleanup framework, such as balancing radiation risks with the health, economic, and other societal impacts associated with access to the infrastructure necessary to sustain society (e.g., hospitals, bridges, utilities). To minimize the achievement of terrorism goals, the elements of an ROD cleanup response-including updating existing legal/regulatory structures to clarify federal authority, goals, and methods for developing ROD cleanup criteria-must be in place soon; given the complexity of the issues and the potential societal impact, this effort should be expedited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Environmental remediation KW - Cleanup of radioactive waste sites KW - Health risk assessment KW - Environmental engineering KW - Dirty bombs KW - Terrorism N1 - Accession Number: 13111155; Elcock, Deborah 1; Email Address: elcock@anl.gov.; Klemic, Gladys A. 2; Taboas, Anibal L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Assessment Division, 955 L'Enfant Plaza, SW, Suite 6000, Washington, D.C. 20024; 2: Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 201 Varick Street, 5th Floor, New York, New York 10014; 3: U.S. Department of Energy, Chicago Operations Office, 9800 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439; Issue Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p2505; Thesaurus Term: Environmental remediation; Thesaurus Term: Cleanup of radioactive waste sites; Thesaurus Term: Health risk assessment; Thesaurus Term: Environmental engineering; Subject Term: Dirty bombs; Subject Term: Terrorism; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=13111155&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Messina, P. T1 - Challenges of the LHC: the computing challenge. JO - European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields JF - European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 34 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 67 EP - 75 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 14346044 AB - Discusses the computing needs of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Endorsement of the Models of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers (MONARC) approach; Reduction of the need for repeated transfer of data from a central site to each user site; Adoption of a multi-tier hierarchical model similar to that developed by the MONARC project. KW - LARGE Hadron Collider (France & Switzerland) KW - HADRON colliders KW - SUPERCOLLIDERS KW - HADRON facilities KW - COLLIDERS (Nuclear physics) KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 15179794; Messina, P. 1; Affiliation: 1: MCS Division Bldg. 221,, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South cass Avenue, IL 60439, Argonne, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p67; Subject Term: LARGE Hadron Collider (France & Switzerland); Subject Term: HADRON colliders; Subject Term: SUPERCOLLIDERS; Subject Term: HADRON facilities; Subject Term: COLLIDERS (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1140/epjc/s2004-01769-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15179794&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Höll, A. AU - Redmer, R. AU - Röpke, G. AU - Reinholz, H. T1 - X-ray Thomson scattering in warm dense matter. JO - European Physical Journal D -- Atoms, Molecules, Clusters & Optical Physics JF - European Physical Journal D -- Atoms, Molecules, Clusters & Optical Physics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 29 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 159 EP - 162 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 14346060 AB - The scattering of photons in plasmas is an important diagnostic tool. Especially, the region of warm dense matter can be probed by X-ray Thomson scattering. The scattering cross-section is related to the dynamic structure factor S(k, ω). We improve the standard treatment of the scattering on free electrons within the random phase approximation (RPA) by including collisions. The dielectric function is calculated in the Born-Mermin approximation. The inclusion of collisions modifies the dynamic structure factor significantly in the warm dense matter regime. We conclude that a theoretical description beyond the RPA is needed to derive reliable results for plasma parameters from X-ray Thomson scattering experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of European Physical Journal D -- Atoms, Molecules, Clusters & Optical Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - THOMSON scattering KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) KW - CATHODE rays KW - PHOTONS KW - ATOMS KW - ELECTRONS N1 - Accession Number: 16708809; Höll, A. 1; Email Address: hoell@phy.anl.gov Redmer, R. 2; Email Address: ronald.redmer@physik.uni-rostock.de Röpke, G. 2; Email Address: gerd.roepke@physik.uni-rostock.de Reinholz, H. 3; Email Address: heidi@physics.uwa.edu.au; Affiliation: 1: Argonne National Laboratory, Physics Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne IL 60439, USA. 2: Universität Rostock, Fachbereich Physik, 18051, Rostock, Germany. 3: University of Western Australia, Department of Physics, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p159; Subject Term: THOMSON scattering; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CATHODE rays; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1140/epjd/c2001-00059-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16708809&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abedi, Mehrdad AU - Greer, Deborah A. AU - Colvin, Gerald A. AU - Demers, Delia A. AU - Dooner, Mark S. AU - Harpel, Jasha A. AU - Weier, Heinz-Ulrich AU - Lambert, Jean-Francois AU - Quesenberry, P.J. T1 - Robust conversion of marrow cells to skeletal muscle with formation of marrow-derived muscle cell colonies: a multifactorial process JO - Experimental Hematology JF - Experimental Hematology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 32 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 426 EP - 434 SN - 0301472X AB - Objective: Murine marrow cells are capable of repopulating skeletal muscle fibers. A point of concern has been the “robustness” of such conversions. We have investigated the impact of type of cell delivery, muscle injury, nature of delivered cell, and stem cell mobilizations on marrow-to-muscle conversion.Methods: We transplanted green fluorescence protein (GFP)-transgenic marrow into irradiated C57BL/6 mice and then injured anterior tibialis muscle by cardiotoxin. One month after injury, sections were analyzed by standard and deconvolutional microscopy for expression of muscle and hematopoietic markers.Results: Irradiation was essential to conversion, although whether by injury or induction of chimerism is not clear. Cardiotoxin- and, to a lesser extent, PBS-injected muscles showed significant number of GFP+ muscle fibers, while uninjected muscles showed only rare GFP+ cells. Marrow conversion to muscle was increased by two cycles of G-CSF mobilization and to a lesser extent by G-CSF and steel or GM-CSF. Transplantation of female GFP to male C57BL/6 and GFP to ROSA26 mice showed fusion of donor cells to recipient muscle. High numbers of donor-derived muscle colonies and up to 12% GFP+ muscle cells were seen after mobilization or direct injection. These levels of donor muscle chimerism approach levels that could be clinically significant in developing strategies for the treatment of muscular dystrophies.Conclusion: In summary, the conversion of marrow to skeletal muscle cells is based on cell fusion and is critically dependent on injury. This conversion is also numerically significant and increases with mobilization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Experimental Hematology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GREEN fluorescent protein KW - BONE marrow cells KW - PLANT products KW - RODENTS N1 - Accession Number: 13115784; Abedi, Mehrdad 1; Email Address: mabedi@rwmc.org Greer, Deborah A. 1 Colvin, Gerald A. 1 Demers, Delia A. 1 Dooner, Mark S. 1 Harpel, Jasha A. 1 Weier, Heinz-Ulrich 2 Lambert, Jean-Francois 1 Quesenberry, P.J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Research, Providence, RI, USA 2: E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif., USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p426; Subject Term: GREEN fluorescent protein; Subject Term: BONE marrow cells; Subject Term: PLANT products; Subject Term: RODENTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.02.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13115784&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hwang, C.H. AU - Lee, C.E. AU - Lee, K.O. T1 - Numerical investigation on combustion characteristics of methane in a hybrid catalytic combustor JO - Fuel JF - Fuel Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 83 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 987 SN - 00162361 AB - Combustion characteristics of a hybrid catalytic combustor, which consists of a catalyst bed and a thermal combustor section, were investigated using two-dimensional boundary layer approximations with detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistries. Lean methane-air mixture was supplied to the inlet of a catalyst bed section. In order to validate our numerical analyses, the surface site density of platinum-coated monolith was estimated through the comparisons with the experimental data reported in literature. Discussed in detail were the effects of homogeneous chemistry and heterogeneous chemistry on catalytic combustion characteristics. The extensive numerical calculations performed with the selected surface site density revealed that homogeneous reactions in the monolith had little effects on the spatial distributions of temperature and CH4 conversion and the location of heterogeneous ignition, while they showed an important role to the initial reaction processes in the thermal combustor section through productions of the significant amount of intermediate species, such as OH and CO, near the catalyst bed exit. The parametric study for various operating conditions, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, velocity, entrance diameter of the monolith channel and inlet pressure, were also performed to investigate their effects on catalytic combustion. In the thermal combustor, N2O was a dominant component in emissions that are mainly formed under the reaction mechanism, N2+O(+M)→N2O(+M), in case no additional fuel is injected. Furthermore, the formations of CO and NOx emission were also characterized with controlling the amount of additional methane injection to the thermal combustor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Fuel is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CATALYSIS KW - COMBUSTION KW - METHANE KW - CHEMISTRY KW - Catalytic combustion KW - Catalytically stabilized combustor KW - Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions KW - Hybrid catalytic combustor KW - Methane KW - NOx emission N1 - Accession Number: 12376887; Hwang, C.H. 1 Lee, C.E. 1; Email Address: chelee@inha.ac.kr Lee, K.O. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, South Korea 2: Transportation R&D Center, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 83 Issue 7/8, p987; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Catalytic combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Catalytically stabilized combustor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid catalytic combustor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: NOx emission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.10.024 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12376887&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ozdemir, Ekrem AU - Morsi, Badie I. AU - Schroeder, Karl T1 - CO2 adsorption capacity of argonne premium coals JO - Fuel JF - Fuel Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 83 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 1085 SN - 00162361 AB - Adsorption and desorption isotherms of CO2 on dried Argonne Premium coal samples were investigated. A small hysteresis was detected between the adsorption and desorption isotherms. The hysteresis was small or negligible for high rank coals but discernable for low rank coals. The isotherms were found to be rectilinear and to fit the conventional adsorption equations poorly. The rectilinear shape of the adsorption isotherms was related to the solubility of the CO2 in the coal and to coal swelling. Using an adsorption model that accounted for volumetric effects provided good agreement between the surface areas calculated from the high-pressure isotherms and the literature values obtained under traditional low-pressure conditions. Ignoring the volumetric effects resulted in estimated surface areas that were 40% larger for the higher-ranked coals and 60–100% larger for the lower-ranked coals. The heat of adsorption, after correcting for volumetric effects, was fairly constant (26±1 kJ/mol) regardless of rank. The adsorption capacity, average pore size, and volume effect for each of the Argonne coals were also estimated employing the same model. The model equation explicitly accounts for volumetric effects, attributable to the solubility of CO2 in the organic matrix and the coal swelling, and estimates the actual adsorbed amount. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Fuel is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ADSORPTION KW - SOLUTION (Chemistry) KW - EDEMA KW - ATMOSPHERIC temperature KW - Isotherm KW - Rank KW - Swelling N1 - Accession Number: 12376901; Ozdemir, Ekrem 1,2 Morsi, Badie I. 2 Schroeder, Karl 1; Email Address: karl.schroeder@netl.doe.gov; Affiliation: 1: Environmental Science and Technology Division, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), US Department of Energy (DOE), P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940, USA 2: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1249 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 83 Issue 7/8, p1085; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: EDEMA; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotherm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rank; Author-Supplied Keyword: Swelling; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.11.005 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12376901&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weil, K. Scott AU - Coyle, Christopher A. AU - Hardy, John S. AU - Kim, Jin Y. AU - Xia, Guan-Guang T1 - Alternative planar SOFC sealing concepts JO - Fuel Cells Bulletin JF - Fuel Cells Bulletin Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 2004 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 11 SN - 14642859 AB - One of the challenges in manufacturing planar solid oxide fuel cells (pSOFCs) is in hermetically sealing the ceramic and metallic components such that the resulting joint remains rugged and stable over the lifetime of the stack. Traditionally, glass joining or compressive sealing has been used. While short-term success has been achieved with these techniques, it is apparent that to meet the long-term operational needs of stack designers, alternative sealing concepts will need to be conceived. At Pacific Northwest National Laboratory we have been developing two such alternatives, air brazing and bonded compliant sealing, the details of which are outlined here. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Fuel Cells Bulletin is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOLID oxide fuel cells KW - JOINTS (Engineering) KW - BRAZING KW - ELECTRIC batteries N1 - Accession Number: 12983872; Weil, K. Scott; Email Address: Scott.Weil@pnl.gov Coyle, Christopher A. 1 Hardy, John S. 1 Kim, Jin Y. 1 Xia, Guan-Guang 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 2004 Issue 5, p11; Subject Term: SOLID oxide fuel cells; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: BRAZING; Subject Term: ELECTRIC batteries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335910 Battery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S1464-2859(04)00188-9 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12983872&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Olivier, Michael AU - Wang, Xujing AU - Cole, Regina AU - Gau, Brian AU - Kim, Jessica AU - Rubin, Edward M. AU - Pennacchio, Len A. T1 - Haplotype analysis of the apolipoprotein gene cluster on human chromosome 11 JO - Genomics JF - Genomics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 83 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 912 SN - 08887543 AB - Members of the apolipoprotein gene cluster (APOA1/C3/A4/A5) on human chromosome 11q23 play an important role in lipid metabolism. Polymorphisms in both APOA5 and APOC3 are strongly associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations. The close genomic locations of these two genes as well as their functional similarity have hindered efforts to define whether each gene independently influences human triglyceride concentrations. In this study, we examined the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype structure of 49 SNPs in a 150-kb region spanning the gene cluster. We identified a total of five common APOA5 haplotypes with a frequency of greater than 8% in samples of northern European origin. The APOA5 haplotype block did not extend past the 7 SNPs in the gene and was separated from the other apolipoprotein gene in the cluster by a region of significantly increased recombination. Furthermore, one previously identified triglyceride risk haplotype of APOA5 (APOA5*3) showed no association with three APOC3 SNPs previously associated with triglyceride concentrations, in contrast to the other risk haplotype (APOA5*2), which was associated with all three minor APOC3 SNP alleles. These results highlight the complex genetic relationship between APOA5 and APOC3 and support the notion that APOA5 represents an independent risk gene affecting plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Genomics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - APOLIPOPROTEINS KW - BLOOD lipoproteins KW - HUMAN chromosomes KW - LIPID metabolism KW - Apolipoprotein A5 KW - Four-gamete test KW - Haplotype KW - Linkage disequilibrium KW - Recombination KW - Single nucleotide polymorphism N1 - Accession Number: 12780010; Olivier, Michael 1; Email Address: molivier@mcw.edu Wang, Xujing 2 Cole, Regina 1 Gau, Brian 1 Kim, Jessica 1 Rubin, Edward M. 3,4 Pennacchio, Len A. 3,4; Affiliation: 1: Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA 2: McGee Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA 3: Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA 4: Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 83 Issue 5, p912; Subject Term: APOLIPOPROTEINS; Subject Term: BLOOD lipoproteins; Subject Term: HUMAN chromosomes; Subject Term: LIPID metabolism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apolipoprotein A5; Author-Supplied Keyword: Four-gamete test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haplotype; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linkage disequilibrium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recombination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single nucleotide polymorphism; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.11.016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12780010&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bickmore, Barry R. AU - Tadanier, Christopher J. AU - Rosso, Kevin M. AU - Monn, Will D. AU - Eggett, Dennis L. T1 - Bond-valence methods for pKa prediction: critical reanalysis and a new approach1JO - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 68 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2025 SN - 00167037 AB - Bond-valence methods for the prediction of (hydr)oxide solution monomer and surface functional group acidity constants are examined in light of molecular structures calculated using ab initio methods. A new method is presented that is based on these calculated structures, and it is shown that previously published methods have neglected one or more of four essential features of a generalized model. First, if the apparent pKa values of solution monomers are to be used to predict intrinsic pKa values of surface functional groups, similar electrostatic corrections must be applied in both cases. In surface complexation models, electrostatic corrections are applied by representing a charged surface as a uniform plane of charge density, and an analogous correction can be made to solution monomers by treating them as charged spheres. Second, it must be remembered that real surfaces and real monomers are not homogeneous planes or spheres. Rather, charge density is distributed rather unevenly, and a further electrostatic correction (which is often quite large) must be made to account for the proximity of electron density to the point of proton attachment. Third, the unsaturated valence of oxygen atoms in oxyacids, hexaquo cations, and oxide surfaces is strongly correlated with acidity after electrostatic corrections are made. However, calculation of unsaturated valence for oxyacids and oxide surfaces must be based on realistic Me&z.sbnd;O bond lengths (taking into account bond relaxation), which can be obtained from ab initio structure optimizations. Finally, unsaturated valence must be divided between possible bonds (four for oxygen atoms) to reflect the fact that O-H bonds are localized to particular regions of the O atoms.Empirical models that take all these factors into account are presented for oxyacids and hexaquo cations. These models are applied to the gibbsite (100), (010), (001), and cristobalite (100) surfaces, and it is demonstrated that the model for oxyacids predicts reasonable intrinsic pKa values for oxide surfaces. However, the prediction of surface pKa values is complex, because the protonation state of one functional group affects the pKa values of neighboring groups. Therefore, calculations of larger periodic systems, progressively protonated and reoptimized, are needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CHEMICALS KW - MONOMERS KW - BONDS (Finance) KW - OXYGEN N1 - Accession Number: 12836500; Bickmore, Barry R. 1; Email Address: barry_bickmore@byu.edu Tadanier, Christopher J. 2 Rosso, Kevin M. 3 Monn, Will D. 1 Eggett, Dennis L. 4; Affiliation: 1: Department of Geology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-4606, USA 2: Department of Geological Sciences and Charles E. Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA 3: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8–96, Richland, WA 99352, USA 4: Center for Statistical Consultation and Collaborative Research, Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 68 Issue 9, p2025; Subject Term: CHEMICALS; Subject Term: MONOMERS; Subject Term: BONDS (Finance); Subject Term: OXYGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12836500&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wyndham, Timothy AU - McCulloch, Malcolm AU - Fallon, Stewart AU - Alibert, Chantal T1 - High-resolution coral records of rare earth elements in coastal seawater: biogeochemical cycling and a new environmental proxy3 1 Associate editor: C. M. EgglestonJO - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 68 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2067 SN - 00167037 AB - In this study we have used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), to produce a high resolution coral record of rare earth elements (REE), Mn and Ba from coastal Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Validation of the LA-ICP-MS technique indicated that the method provides accurate and reproducible (RSD = 13–18%) analysis of low concentration REE in corals (∼1 to 100 ppb). The REE composition in coral samples was found to closely reflect that of the surrounding seawater and distribution coefficients of ∼1–2 indicated minimal fractionation of the series during incorporation into coral carbonate. To explore the idea that coral records of REE can be used to investigate dissolved seawater composition, we analyzed two coastal corals representing a total of ∼30 yr of growth, including a 10-yr overlapping period. Comparable results were obtained from the two samples, particularly in terms of elemental ratios (Nd/Yb) and the Ce anomaly. Based on this evidence and results from the determination of distribution coefficients, we suggest that useful records of seawater REE composition can be obtained from coral carbonates. When compared to the REE composition of a mid shelf coral, coastal corals showed a significant terrestrial influence, characterized by higher REE concentrations (greater than 10 times) and light REE enrichment. The REE composition of coastal seawater inferred from the coral record was dependent on seasonal factors and the influence of flood waters. REE fractionation displayed a strong seasonal cycle that correlated closely with Mn concentration. We suggest that higher Nd/Yb ratios and higher Mn concentrations in summer result from scavenging of heavy REE by particulate organic ligands and Mn reductive dissolution respectively, both processes displaying higher rates during periods of high primary productivity. The Ce anomaly also displayed a strong seasonal cycle showing an enhanced anomaly during summer and during flood events. This is consistent with the Ce anomaly being primarily controlled by the abundance of Ce oxidizing bacteria. Based on these arguments, we suggest that the coral record of dissolved REE and Mn may be regarded as a useful proxy for biological activity in coastal seawater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PROXY statements KW - MANUFACTURING processes KW - LASERS KW - AUSTRALIA N1 - Accession Number: 12836503; Wyndham, Timothy 1; Email Address: timothy.wyndham@anu.edu.au McCulloch, Malcolm 1 Fallon, Stewart 1,2 Alibert, Chantal 1; Affiliation: 1: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia 2: Centre for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-397 700 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 68 Issue 9, p2067; Subject Term: PROXY statements; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: AUSTRALIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.004 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12836503&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Krot, Alexander N. AU - Fagan, Timothy J. AU - Keil, Klaus AU - McKeegan, Kevin D. AU - Sahijpal, Sandeep AU - Hutcheon, Ian D. AU - Petaev, Mikhail I. AU - Yurimoto, Hisayoshi T1 - Ca,Al-rich inclusions, amoeboid olivine aggregates, and Al-rich chondrules from the unique carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094: I. mineralogy and petrology3 3 Associate editor: T. J. ShawJO - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 68 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 2167 SN - 00167037 AB - Based on their mineralogy and petrography, ∼200 refractory inclusions studied in the unique carbonaceous chondrite, Acfer 094, can be divided into corundum-rich (0.5%), hibonite-rich (1.1%), grossite-rich (8.5%), compact and fluffy Type A (spinel-melilite-rich, 50.3%), pyroxene-anorthite-rich (7.4%), and Type C (pyroxene-anorthite-rich with igneous textures, 1.6%) Ca,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), pyroxene-hibonite spherules (0.5%), and amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs, 30.2%). Melilite in some CAIs is replaced by spinel and Al-diopside and/or by anorthite, whereas spinel-pyroxene assemblages in CAIs and AOAs appear to be replaced by anorthite. Forsterite grains in several AOAs are replaced by low-Ca pyroxene. None of the CAIs or AOAs show evidence for Fe-alkali metasomatic or aqueous alteration. The mineralogy, textures, and bulk chemistry of most Acfer 094 refractory inclusions are consistent with their origin by gas-solid condensation and may reflect continuous interaction with SiO and Mg of the cooling nebula gas. It appears that only a few CAIs experienced subsequent melting. The Al-rich chondrules (ARCs; >10 wt% bulk Al2O3) consist of forsteritic olivine and low-Ca pyroxene phenocrysts, pigeonite, augite, anorthitic plagioclase, ± spinel, FeNi-metal, and crystalline mesostasis composed of plagioclase, augite and a silica phase. Most ARCs are spherical and mineralogically uniform, but some are irregular in shape and heterogeneous in mineralogy, with distinct ferromagnesian and aluminous domains. The ferromagnesian domains tend to form chondrule mantles, and are dominated by low-Ca pyroxene and forsteritic olivine, anorthitic mesostasis, and Fe,Ni-metal nodules. The aluminous domains are dominated by anorthite, high-Ca pyroxene and spinel, occasionally with inclusions of perovskite; have no or little FeNi-metal; and tend to form cores of the heterogeneous chondrules. The cores are enriched in bulk Ca and Al, and apparently formed from melting of CAI-like precursor material that did not mix completely with adjacent ferromagnesian melt. The inferred presence of CAI-like material among precursors for Al-rich chondrules is in apparent conflict with lack of evidence for melting of CAIs that occur outside chondrules, suggesting that these CAIs were largely absent from chondrule-forming region(s) at the time of chondrule formation. This may imply that there are several populations of CAIs in Acfer 094 and that mixing of “normal” CAIs that occur outside chondrules and chondrules that accreted into the Acfer 094 parent asteroid took place after chondrule formation. Alternatively, there may have been an overlap in the CAI- and chondrule-forming regions, where the least refractory CAIs were mixed with Fe-Mg chondrule precursors. This hypothesis is difficult to reconcile with the lack of evidence of melting of AOAs which represent aggregates of the least refractory CAIs and forsterite grains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CRYSTALS KW - SILICON KW - MINERALS KW - AMOEBOID movement N1 - Accession Number: 12836509; Krot, Alexander N. 1; Email Address: sasha@higp.hawaii.edu Fagan, Timothy J. 2 Keil, Klaus 1 McKeegan, Kevin D. 3 Sahijpal, Sandeep 4 Hutcheon, Ian D. 5 Petaev, Mikhail I. 6 Yurimoto, Hisayoshi 2; Affiliation: 1: Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 2: Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan 3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 4: Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India 5: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94451, USA 6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 68 Issue 9, p2167; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: AMOEBOID movement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.gca.2003.10.025 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12836509&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Greenberg, Steve T1 - Magnetic versus Electronic Ballasts. JO - Home Energy JF - Home Energy Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 21 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 6 EP - 6 SN - 08969442 AB - Provides information on conserving energy consumed by fluorescent lamps. Variables that affect energy conservation; List of Web sites of several organizations that provide opinion on energy conservation. KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy management KW - Fluorescent lamps KW - Websites KW - Information resources N1 - Accession Number: 13215962; Greenberg, Steve 1; Affiliations: 1: Facilities Energy Management Engineer, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Issue Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p6; Thesaurus Term: Energy conservation; Thesaurus Term: Energy consumption; Thesaurus Term: Energy management; Subject Term: Fluorescent lamps; Subject Term: Websites; Subject Term: Information resources; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531312 Nonresidential Property Managers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561210 Facilities Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561790 Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=13215962&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - de Pater, Imke AU - Marchis, Franck AU - Macintosh, Bruce A. AU - Roe, Henry G. AU - Le Mignant, David AU - Graham, James R. AU - Davies, Ashley G. T1 - Keck AO observations of Io in and out of eclipse JO - ICARUS JF - ICARUS Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 169 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 250 SN - 00191035 AB - We present adaptive optics (AO) observations of Io taken with the W.M. Keck II telescope on 18 December 2001 (UT) before the satellite went into eclipse, and while it was in Jupiter''s shadow. Making these kind of Io-in-eclipse observations, as well as the associated data reduction and analysis are challenging; hence one focus of the paper is to explain the methods and tools used for these data sets. For the sunlit images Io itself was used as the wavefront reference source, while nearby Ganymede was used as reference ‘star’ when Io was in eclipse. Observations were obtained in K′-, L′-, and M-bands. The sunlit images have been deconvolved using MISTRAL. The Io-in-eclipse data were deconvolved with IDAC and MISTRAL. The former gives better results, both in absolute photometry and in matching the original images. We determined the flux densities of the hot spots from the original Io-in-eclipse data with StarFinder, as well as from the deconvolved images by integrating the intensity over the relevant areas. We determined the highly anisoplanatic PSF via a FFT method from the original data, and used this in StarFinder and as a starting PSF for IDAC and MISTRAL. We derived temperatures and areal coverage of all 19 spots detected in both K′- and L′-band images of Io-in-eclipse. We also determined temperatures and areal coverage of the hot spots visible on the L′- and M-band images of sunlit Io. Most volcanoes contain a compact hot ‘core’ ( 3 Associate editor: M. Grady≲10 km2 at 600–800 K) within a larger area at lower temperatures (e.g.,∼102 –104 km2 at 300–500 K). The total heat flow contributed by these active volcanoes is 0.2 W m−2, ∼8% of the average global heat flow measured at 5–20 μm by Veeder et al. [J. Geophys. Res. 99 (1994) 17095]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IMAGING systems in astronomy KW - TELESCOPES KW - JUPITER (Planet) KW - ECLIPSES KW - Adaptive optics KW - Eclipse KW - Io KW - PSF N1 - Accession Number: 12899759; de Pater, Imke 1,2; Email Address: imke@floris.berkeley.edu Marchis, Franck 1 Macintosh, Bruce A. 3 Roe, Henry G. 4 Le Mignant, David 5 Graham, James R. 1 Davies, Ashley G. 6; Affiliation: 1: Astronomy Department, 601 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 4: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 5: W.M. Keck Observatory, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy., Kamuela, HI 96743, USA 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 183-601, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 169 Issue 1, p250; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eclipse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; Author-Supplied Keyword: PSF; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.025 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12899759&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meier, Barbara J. AU - Spalter, Anne Morgan AU - Karelitz, David B. T1 - Interactive Color Palette Tools. JO - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications JF - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 24 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 64 EP - 72 SN - 02721716 AB - Color is one of the basic building blocks of image creation, yet many computer-based methods for selecting and working with colors remain unchanged from the time of their invention two decades ago. The authors have integrated core concepts from art, perceptual science, and psychology to develop a new toolset, Interactive Palette Tools (IPT).The IPT address each of these questions with a prototype plug-in to the computer software "Adobe Illustrator." This collection of tools will help designers choose and use colors effectively. The IPT are coordinated through a palette browser that displays named palettes. A drop-down arrow lets the user hide or show each associated palette. Large swatch sets are displayed on multiple lines. The authors enhanced their version with the nudger feature, palette sorting by theme color, and corresponding reference imagery available in the image and composition tools. During the early implementation phase of the IPT, the authors conducted a Web-based survey of individuals who work with color. INSET: Previous Work.. KW - COLORS KW - PALETTES (Tool) KW - ADOBE software KW - COMPUTER art KW - COLOR computer graphics KW - ARTISTS' tools N1 - Accession Number: 13137692; Meier, Barbara J. 1; Email Address: DBKAREL@sandia.gov Spalter, Anne Morgan 2 Karelitz, David B. 3; Email Address: DBKAREL@sandia.gov; Affiliation: 1: Computer Animation, Brown University. 2: Researcher and Artist, Brown University Computer Graphics Group. 3: Member of the Technical Staff, Sandia National Laboratories.; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p64; Subject Term: COLORS; Subject Term: PALETTES (Tool); Subject Term: ADOBE software; Subject Term: COMPUTER art; Subject Term: COLOR computer graphics; Subject Term: ARTISTS' tools; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13137692&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frazho, A. E. AU - Yagci, B. AU - Sumali, H. T1 - On Sinusoid Estimation in Nonstationary Noise. JO - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control JF - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 49 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 777 EP - 781 SN - 00189286 AB - This note presents a sinusoid estimation algorithm, which will converge to the spectrum of the sinusoid process in nonstationary additive noise. The algorithm is in the framework of the tangential Nevanlinna-Pick setting. The procedure is a generalization of Capon's maximum likelihood estimate and some classical limit theorem for orthogonal polynomials. The method is used in an experimental example to find the natural frequencies of a lightly damped structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ESTIMATION theory KW - ALGORITHMS KW - TANGENTIAL coordinates KW - NEVANLINNA theory KW - ORTHOGONAL polynomials KW - FOURIER analysis KW - Experimental vibration analysis KW - sinusoid estimation N1 - Accession Number: 13281770; Frazho, A. E. 1; Email Address: frazho@ecn.purdue.edu Yagci, B. 1; Email Address: byagci@ecn.purdue.edu Sumali, H. 2; Email Address: hsumali@sandia.gov; Affiliation: 1: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. 2: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0557 USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p777; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: TANGENTIAL coordinates; Subject Term: NEVANLINNA theory; Subject Term: ORTHOGONAL polynomials; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental vibration analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: sinusoid estimation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1109/TAC.2004.825976 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13281770&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cansiz, Ahmet AU - Hull, John R. T1 - Stable Load-Carrying and Rotational Loss Characteristics of Diamagnetic Bearings. JO - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics JF - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 40 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 1636 EP - 1641 SN - 00189464 AB - We investigated the use of diamagnetic materials in magnetic bearings using an experimental apparatus to study the static equilibrium, load-carrying capacity, and dynamic characteristics of the bearings. The apparatus consisted of a 0.79-g NdFeB disk-shaped permanent-magnet rotor levitated by a ferrite magnet with a diamagnetic stabilizer made of either bismuth or graphite, all in a bell-jar vacuum chamber to eliminate air friction on the rotor. The equilibrium position of the rotor was statically and dynamically stable, according to theoretical calculations based on the magnetic-image method. In dynamic tests, the rotor of the diamagnetic bearing was spun up to 100 Hz by a tangential jet of nitrogen gas and then was allowed to spin down freely to measure the rotational losses. The rotational losses varied with the frequency of the rotation, indicating that most of the losses were mainly due to eddy currents. Minor losses due to magnetic inhomogeneities in the permanent magnets and diamagnetic parts were also observed over a small frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MAGNETIC bearings KW - DYNAMIC testing KW - MAGNETS KW - BEARINGS (Machinery) KW - MAGNETIC flux KW - PERMANENT magnet motors KW - Diamagnetic bearings KW - magnetic levitation. N1 - Accession Number: 13343226; Cansiz, Ahmet 1; Email Address: acansiz@atauni.edu.tr Hull, John R. 2; Email Address: jhull@anl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Engineering Faculty, Electronics Department, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25000, Turkey. 2: Energy Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p1636; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bearings; Subject Term: DYNAMIC testing; Subject Term: MAGNETS; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: MAGNETIC flux; Subject Term: PERMANENT magnet motors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diamagnetic bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic levitation.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1109/TMAG.2004.827181 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13343226&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - White, Daniel A. AU - Stowell, Mark T1 - Full-Wave Simulation of Electromagnetic Coupling Effects in RF and Mixed-Signal ICs Using a Time-Domain Finite-Element Method. JO - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques JF - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 52 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1404 EP - 1413 SN - 00189480 AB - This paper describes the computer simulation and modeling of distributed electromagnetic coupling effects in analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits. Distributed electromagnetic coupling effects include magnetic coupling of adjacent interconnects and/or planar spiral inductors, substrate coupling due to stray electric currents in a conductive substrate, and full-wave electromagnetic radiation. These coupling mechanisms are inclusively simulated by solving the full-wave Maxwell's equations using a three-dimensional (3-D) time-domain finite-element method. This simulation approach is quite general and can be used for circuit layouts that include isolation wells, guard rings, and 3-D metallic structures. A state-variable behavioral modeling procedure is used to construct simple linear models that mimic the distributed electromagnetic effects. These state-variable models can easily be incorporated into a VHDL-AMS simulation providing a means to include distributed electromagnetic effects into a circuit simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves KW - FINITE element method KW - COMPUTER simulation KW - ELECTROMAGNETISM KW - INTEGRATED circuits KW - ELECTRIC currents KW - Behavioral modeling KW - finite element KW - substrate coupling KW - time domain. N1 - Accession Number: 13159861; White, Daniel A. 1; Email Address: dwhite@llnl.gov Stowell, Mark 1; Email Address: stowell1@llnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1404; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavioral modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: substrate coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: time domain.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1109/TMTT.2004.827008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13159861&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cornish, Katrina AU - Myers, Michele D. AU - Kelley, Stephen S. T1 - Latex quantification in homogenate and purified latex samples from various plant species using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy JO - Industrial Crops & Products JF - Industrial Crops & Products Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 19 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 283 SN - 09266690 AB - Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is under commercial development as a source of hypoallergenic latex, which is suitable for the manufacture of latex medical devices safe for use by people suffering from Type I latex protein allergy. Improving agronomic practices, post-harvest shrub handling, and optimizing latex extraction and purification protocols during bioprocessing are hampered by the relatively cumbersome latex quantification methods currently employed. Current methods require several hours before analytical results can be obtained.The object of our study was to develop and test a near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method for rapid quantification of latex in both wet and dried P. argentatum homogenate and purified latex samples. The procedure was tested on latex samples from Ficus elastica (Indian rubber tree), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Hevea brasiliensis (Brazilian or para rubber tree) and Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Russian dandelion).P. argentatum latex could be accurately quantified, over a wide concentration range of 0 to 25 mg/ml. The correlations between the measured rubber content and the rubber content predicted by NIR were 0.96 and 0.91 for dry and wet samples, respectively. The presence of homogenate components unrelated to the latex fraction did not perturb the correlations obtained. Similar predictive models could be used to measure the rubber content in F. elastica, H. annuus, H. brasilensis and T. kok-saghyz. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Industrial Crops & Products is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LATEX KW - GUAYULE KW - PLANT species KW - INFRARED spectroscopy KW - Ficus KW - Helianthus KW - Hevea KW - NIR KW - Parthenium KW - Taraxacum N1 - Accession Number: 12745294; Cornish, Katrina 1; Email Address: kcornish@pw.usda.gov Myers, Michele D. 2 Kelley, Stephen S. 2; Affiliation: 1: Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA 2: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CA 80401, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p283; Subject Term: LATEX; Subject Term: GUAYULE; Subject Term: PLANT species; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ficus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helianthus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hevea; Author-Supplied Keyword: NIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parthenium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Taraxacum; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.009 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12745294&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhao, H.L. AU - Kramer, M.J. AU - Akinc, M. T1 - Thermal expansion behavior of intermetallic compounds in the Mo–Si–B system JO - Intermetallics JF - Intermetallics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 12 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 493 SN - 09669795 AB - The binary tetragonal intermetallic compound Mo5Si3 has significant thermal expansion anisotropy (TEA) with the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the c-axis (αc) more than double that of the a-axis (αa). Since boron has been shown to improve the oxidation stability of alloys near this composition, we explore the effect of adding boron on the thermal expansion anisotropy of Mo5+ySi3−yBx (T1) and subsequently the adjoining phases in thermal equilibrium. Powder X-ray diffraction was conducted at high temperatures using high energy (>40 keV) synchrotron X-rays. All of the intermetallics in this system (Mo5SiB2, MoSi2, MoB and Mo3Si) have moderate CTE values ranging from 7.17 ppm/°C for the cubic Mo3Si to nearly 14 ppm/°C for the c-axis of Mo5Si3B. The nearly isotropic TEA for Mo5B2Si was confirmed. The variability of the TEA of Mo5Si3B from 1.83 to 2.43 is explained in terms of the site occupancy and the change of the inter-atomic spacing of the Mo atom chains along the c-axis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERMETALLIC compounds KW - THERMAL expansion KW - OXIDATION KW - ANISOTROPY KW - EQUILIBRIUM KW - X-rays KW - A. Molybdenum silicide KW - B. Thermal properties KW - F. Diffraction (electron, neutron and X-ray) N1 - Accession Number: 12740328; Zhao, H.L. 1 Kramer, M.J.; Email Address: mjkramer@ameslab.gov Akinc, M. 1; Affiliation: 1: Ames Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p493; Subject Term: INTERMETALLIC compounds; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: X-rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Molybdenum silicide; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: F. Diffraction (electron, neutron and X-ray); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.01.005 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12740328&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rimmelzwaan, G.F. AU - Boon, A.C.M. AU - de Mutsert, G. AU - Fouchier, R.A.M. AU - van Baarle, D. AU - Smith, D.J. AU - Lapedes, A.S. AU - Sintnicolaas, K. AU - Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. T1 - Recognition of influenza virus epitope variants by human CTL JO - International Congress Series JF - International Congress Series Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 1263 M3 - Article SP - 145 SN - 05315131 AB - Recently, an HLA-B*3501-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) epitope in the nucleoprotein (NP418–426) of influenza A viruses was identified, which exhibited a high degree of variability. In the present study, the recognition of epitope variants by human cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) was investigated. Human CD8+ CTL clones were specific for NP418–426 epitope variants within one subtype of influenza virus or cross-reactive with hetero-subtypic variants. Positions in the 9-mer were identified as determinants of CTL-specificity. The in vivo existence of T cells cross-reactive with homo- and hetero-subtypic variants of the epitope was confirmed with virus-specific polyclonal T cell populations obtained from HLA-B*3501+ blood donors. Based on CTL recognition patterns and the history of infection as assessed by serology, it was hypothesized that consecutive infections with influenza viruses containing different variants of the epitope select for cross-reactive T cells in vivo. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Congress Series is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INFLUENZA viruses KW - ANTIGENIC determinants KW - T cells KW - SEROLOGY KW - Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes KW - Epitopes KW - Escape N1 - Accession Number: 13589944; Rimmelzwaan, G.F. 1; Email Address: g.rimmelzwaan@erasmusmc.nl Boon, A.C.M. 1 de Mutsert, G. 1 Fouchier, R.A.M. 1 van Baarle, D. 2 Smith, D.J. 3,4 Lapedes, A.S. 4,5 Sintnicolaas, K. 6 Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Institute of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands 2: Sanquin Research at CLB, The Netherlands 3: University of Cambridge, UK 4: Santa Fe Institute, USA 5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA 6: Sanquin Bloodbank, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 1263, p145; Subject Term: INFLUENZA viruses; Subject Term: ANTIGENIC determinants; Subject Term: T cells; Subject Term: SEROLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epitopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Escape; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ics.2004.02.061 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13589944&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yan, Xiaomei AU - Tang, Aijun AU - Schielke, Erika G. AU - Hang, Wei AU - Nolan, John P. T1 - On the development of a microsphere-based multiplexed immunoassay for influenza virus typing and subtyping by flow cytometry JO - International Congress Series JF - International Congress Series Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 1263 M3 - Article SP - 342 SN - 05315131 AB - A rapid and sensitive multiplexed, microsphere-based immunoassay was developed for simultaneous typing and subtyping of the influenza virus by flow cytometry. Influenza virus type- and/or subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies (capture antibodies) were covalently coupled to size- or color-coded microspheres. The antibody-coupled microspheres were used to capture the influenza viruses in the sample, and the bound viruses were then detected and quantified with a cocktail of fluorochrome-conjugated, influenza virus-specific polyclonal antibodies (reporter antibodies) using flow cytometry. By utilizing appropriate size- or color-coded microspheres, the multiplexed immunoassay can be readily formatted into a duplexed assay for influenza virus typing (A vs. B) or a four-plexed assay for simultaneous typing and subtyping (A vs. B and H1 vs. H3). [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Congress Series is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INFLUENZA viruses KW - IMMUNOASSAY KW - FLOW cytometry KW - MICROSPHERES KW - Flow cytometry KW - Influenza virus KW - Microsphere KW - Multiplexed immunoassay N1 - Accession Number: 13589997; Yan, Xiaomei 1; Email Address: yan@lanl.gov Tang, Aijun 2 Schielke, Erika G. 1 Hang, Wei 2 Nolan, John P. 1; Affiliation: 1: National Flow Cytometry Resource Center, Bioscience Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2: Chemistry Division, MS K484, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 1263, p342; Subject Term: INFLUENZA viruses; Subject Term: IMMUNOASSAY; Subject Term: FLOW cytometry; Subject Term: MICROSPHERES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow cytometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Influenza virus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microsphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiplexed immunoassay; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ics.2004.02.075 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13589997&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reynen, Klaus AU - Köckeritz, Ulrich AU - Kropp, Joachim AU - Wunderlich, Gerd AU - Knapp, Furn F. (Russ) AU - Schmeisser, Alexander AU - Strasser, Ruth H. T1 - Intracoronary radiotherapy with a 188rhenium liquid-filled PTCA balloon system in in-stent restenosis: acute and long-term angiographic results, as well as 1-year clinical follow-up JO - International Journal of Cardiology JF - International Journal of Cardiology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 95 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 29 EP - 34 SN - 01675273 AB - Background: Intracoronary radiotherapy with β- and γ-emitters has been shown to reduce the risk of restenosis after balloon angioplasty and after coronary stenting. The present study addresses the question whether intracoronary radiotherapy using the 188rhenium liquid-filled PTCA balloon system is feasible, safe and effective in cases of in-stent restenosis. Acute and long-term angiographic results as well as clinical events within 1 year after the procedure were evaluated. Methods and results: From September 1999 to April 2000, 41 patients (mean age 60±10 years, 33 male, 8 female) with symptomatic in-stent restenosis underwent repeat PTCA and immediate intracoronary brachytherapy. After successful repeat PTCA (residual stenosis less than 30% in diameter), a second standard PTCA catheter was inflated with liquid 188rhenium in the redilated in-stent restenosis for 315–880, mean 540±155 s with low pressure (3 atm) in order to reach 30 Gy at 0.5 mm depth of the vessel wall. In all patients with successful reintervention, intracoronary radiotherapy was unproblematically performed; in 16 patients, 21 new stents were implanted during the procedure—either immediately before or after radiation therapy. During follow-up, four episodes of stent thrombosis with subsequent myocardial infarction occurred in three patients (8 days, 37 days, 5 months and 6 months after the procedure, respectively). This complication was seen exclusively in patients with newly implanted stents. One patient of the stent group died suddenly 46 days after the procedure. All 40 surviving patients underwent repeat angiography in cases of repeat angina or routinely 6 months after brachytherapy, respectively. In the redilated target vessels without new stenting, restenosis (stenosis >50% in diameter) or reocclusion was observed in only 5 of 25 (=20%) cases, but in the restented target lesions, in 10 of 15 (=67%). Event-free survival (death, myocardial infarction, TVR) at 1 year after repeat dilatation and subsequent brachytherapy was 80% for patients not newly stented, but only 44% for patients with new stents. Conclusions: Intracoronary radiation therapy with the liquid-filled β-emitting 188rhenium balloon is a safe and effective therapy in cases of in-stent restenosis. The positive effect of irradiation, however, is abolished if a new stent is needed. In the not newly stented patients, 1-year follow-up is encouraging. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Cardiology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RADIOTHERAPY KW - CORONARY restenosis KW - RADIOISOTOPE brachytherapy KW - RHENIUM KW - THROMBOSIS KW - Brachytherapy KW - Clopidogrel KW - In-stent restenosis KW - Late stent thrombosis KW - Rhenium-188 N1 - Accession Number: 13178740; Reynen, Klaus 1; Email Address: Kardiologie@mailbox.tu.dresden.de Köckeritz, Ulrich 1 Kropp, Joachim 2 Wunderlich, Gerd 2 Knapp, Furn F. (Russ) 3 Schmeisser, Alexander 1 Strasser, Ruth H. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Cardiology, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 76, 01307 Dresden, Germany 2: Department of Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany 3: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p29; Subject Term: RADIOTHERAPY; Subject Term: CORONARY restenosis; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPE brachytherapy; Subject Term: RHENIUM; Subject Term: THROMBOSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brachytherapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clopidogrel; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-stent restenosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Late stent thrombosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rhenium-188; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.03.004 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13178740&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ibrahim, Wael M.G. AU - Elsayed-Ali, Hani E. AU - Bonner Jr., Carl E. AU - Shinn, Michelle T1 - Ultrafast investigation of electron dynamics in multi-layer metals JO - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer JF - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 47 IS - 10/11 M3 - Article SP - 2261 SN - 00179310 AB - Ultrafast time-resolved pump–probe studies of energy relaxation and transport in polycrystalline single and multi-layer metal films are presented. The dependence of the surface electron temperature on the film structure was investigated. Vanadium was studied as possible padding layer for increasing the laser damage threshold of metal mirrors. The results, for 300 K, Denmark 1,2; Email Address: ingves@phys.ntnu.no Astrup Eriksen, Ø K, where Te is the effective electron temperature, show a reduction of the thermoreflectivity signal,ΔRmax for the multi-layer structure as compared to the single layer film. This reduction signifies a drop in the surface electron temperature that is in agreement with previous work. Damage experiments, in the high fluence regime, where the thermomodulation data can no longer be related to the effective electron temperature, show that the padding layer does not improve the damage threshold as previously suggested. The experimental results are analyzed within the framework of the two-temperature model (TTM), which agrees well with both thermomodulation and damage results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RELAXATION (Health) KW - ELECTRON temperature KW - THERMOMOLECULAR pressure KW - VANADIUM N1 - Accession Number: 12168132; Ibrahim, Wael M.G. 1; Email Address: wibrahim@ecpi.edu Elsayed-Ali, Hani E. 1 Bonner Jr., Carl E. 2 Shinn, Michelle 3; Affiliation: 1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Applied Research Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA 2: Center for Material Research, Norfolk state University, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA 3: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606 USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 47 Issue 10/11, p2261; Subject Term: RELAXATION (Health); Subject Term: ELECTRON temperature; Subject Term: THERMOMOLECULAR pressure; Subject Term: VANADIUM; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.11.029 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12168132&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deng, V. AU - Glimm, J. AU - Davenport, J. W. AU - Cal, X. AU - Santos, E. T1 - PERFORMANCE MODELS ON QCDOC FOR MOLECULAR DYNAMICS WITH COULOMB POTENTIALS. JO - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications JF - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications Y1 - 2004///Summer2004 VL - 18 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 183 EP - 195 SN - 10943420 AB - The article explores the use of a machine with novel architecture designed for quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The quantum chromodynamics on a chip (QCDOC) architecture has two attractive and unusual features, a very high degree of communication parallelism and a very low latency. The result appears to be a design with highly scalable parallel performance. The QCDOC high per formance network allows a very high level of parallelism and very fast solutions, for a number of basic algorithms of wide interest. Because of the high level of parallelism, small problem sizes per processor are feasible, with the result that the entire problem fits in the on-chip, L2 cache, memory. Authors expect that the performance as a fraction of peak speed will be comparable to that of a vector machine. The machine is scalable by design, and is recognized to be very cost effective per teraflop of sustained performance. The machine should excel especially for problems for which large numbers of timesteps are the figure of merit. KW - QUANTUM chromodynamics KW - COMPUTER architecture KW - ALGORITHMS KW - CACHE memory KW - MOLECULAR dynamics KW - COST effectiveness N1 - Accession Number: 13335801; Deng, V. 1 Glimm, J. 1 Davenport, J. W. 2 Cal, X. 3 Santos, E. 4; Affiliation: 1: Department Of Applied Mathematics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Ny 11794, USA And Center For Data Intensive Computing, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Ny 11973, USA. 2: Center For Data Intensive Computing, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Ny 11973, USA. 3: University Of Science And Technology Of China, Hefei 230026, China. 4: Department Of Computer Science, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, Va 24061, USA.; Source Info: Summer2004, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p183; Subject Term: QUANTUM chromodynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CACHE memory; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1177/1094342004044010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13335801&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kerbyson, Darren J. AU - Hoisie, Adolfy AU - Pakin, Scott AU - Petrini, Fabrizio AU - Wasserman, Harvey J. T1 - A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN ALPHA EV7 PROCESSING NODE. JO - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications JF - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications Y1 - 2004///Summer2004 VL - 18 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 199 EP - 209 SN - 10943420 AB - This article details a performance evaluation of a state-of-the-art AlphaServer node. This node is a prototype of the latest generation AlphaServer systems, which are designed to scale up to 128 processors per node. The 21364 processor, code-named EV7, is the latest in the Alpha processor line. The EV7 design emphasizes high memory performance in order to overcome some of the performance issues associated with the increasing gap between processor and memory speeds. The performance of a 16-processor node is examined here in terms of memory performance, intranode MPI communication performance, and also with a number of complete applications. The performance reported through this work is taken from a pre-production node running at a clock rate of 1.2 GHz. Due to the excellent main-memory bus bandwidth, a higher performance should be achievable on nodes using the EV7 processor in comparison to the existing EV68 at a similar clock-speed used in the existing AlphaServer ES45 nodes. KW - HIGH performance computing KW - COMPUTERS KW - BANDWIDTHS KW - HIGH performance processors KW - COMPUTER engineering KW - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations N1 - Accession Number: 13335803; Kerbyson, Darren J. 1 Hoisie, Adolfy 1 Pakin, Scott 1 Petrini, Fabrizio 1 Wasserman, Harvey J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory (Lanl), Ccs-3 Modeling, Algorithms And Informatics Group, Performance And Architectures Laboratory, Los Alamos, Nm 87545, USA.; Source Info: Summer2004, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p199; Subject Term: HIGH performance computing; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: HIGH performance processors; Subject Term: COMPUTER engineering; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1177/1094342004039808 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13335803&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Warren, T.L. AU - Fossum, A.F. AU - Frew, D.J. T1 - Penetration into low-strength (23 MPa) concrete: target characterization and simulations JO - International Journal of Impact Engineering JF - International Journal of Impact Engineering Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 30 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 477 SN - 0734743X AB - A combined experimental, analytical, and computational research and development program investigates the penetration of steel projectiles into low-strength concrete. Laboratory-scale material property tests conducted at the US Army Waterways Experiment Station on the concrete provide the data used in parameter estimation for a geomaterial constitutive model. The experiments and the model are described as well as the procedure used to fit the material model to the experimental data. The model accurately reproduces the data and predicts experimental results not used in the evaluation of model constants. The model, used in conjunction with an explicit transient dynamic finite element code, accurately predicts deceleration and depth of penetration of 3 CRH ogive-nosed 4340 steel penetrators. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Impact Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - STEEL KW - MILITARY shooting KW - TRANSPORTATION KW - ESTIMATION theory KW - Concrete KW - Dynamic finite elements KW - Laboratory testing KW - Penetration KW - Plasticity KW - Spherical cavity expansion N1 - Accession Number: 12500866; Warren, T.L.; Email Address: tlwarre@sandia.gov Fossum, A.F. 1 Frew, D.J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 1174, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1174, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 30 Issue 5, p477; Subject Term: STEEL; Subject Term: MILITARY shooting; Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Concrete; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic finite elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laboratory testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Penetration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spherical cavity expansion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0734-743X(03)00092-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12500866&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martineau, Rick L. AU - Prime, Michael B. AU - Duffey, Thomas T1 - Penetration of HSLA-100 steel with tungsten carbide spheres at striking velocities between 0.8 and 2.5 km/s JO - International Journal of Impact Engineering JF - International Journal of Impact Engineering Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 30 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 505 SN - 0734743X AB - A 51 mm thick plate of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA-100) steel was impacted by 6.4 mm diameter tungsten carbide spheres traveling at velocities ranging from 0.8–2.5 km/s. The width and depth of the crater for each impact event are provided in tabulated form and graphed as a function of velocity. The impacts were simulated using an explicit Lagrangian finite element model. A residual stress map over a cross-section through the crater was also measured by the Contour Method for the 2.2 km/s impact. The predominant feature of the stress map was a peak compressive stress of 1100 MPa, which is 1.6 times the yield strength, centered approximately one crater diameter below the crater floor. Residual stresses in the as-received HSLA-100 plate were also measured and were used to evaluate the effect of initial stresses on the model prediction. Good agreement is shown between the numerical simulation of the impact event and the experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Impact Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - IRON KW - STEEL KW - STORED energy of cold work KW - STRENGTH of materials KW - Ballistic KW - Foreign object damage KW - Impact KW - Penetration resistance KW - Residual stress N1 - Accession Number: 12500867; Martineau, Rick L. 1; Email Address: rickm@lanl.gov Prime, Michael B. 2 Duffey, Thomas 3; Affiliation: 1: Group X-2, MS T085, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2: Group ESA-WR, MS P946, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 3: Consulting Engineer, P.O. Box 1239, Tijeras, NM 87059, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 30 Issue 5, p505; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: STEEL; Subject Term: STORED energy of cold work; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ballistic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foreign object damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Penetration resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual stress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0734-743X(03)00080-0 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12500867&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laskin, Julia AU - Bailey, Thomas H. AU - Futrell, Jean H. T1 - Fragmentation energetics for angiotensin II and its analogs from time- and energy-resolved surface-induced dissociation studies JO - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry JF - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 234 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 89 EP - 99 SN - 13873806 AB - Surface-induced dissociation (SID) of four model peptides: DRVYIHPF, RVYIHPF, RVYIHAF, and RVYIHDF was studied using a novel Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) specially configured for SID experiments. The energetics and dynamics of peptide fragmentation were deduced by modeling the time- and energy-resolved survival curves for each precursor ion using an RRKM based approach developed in our laboratory. Accurate dissociation parameters can be obtained from these experiments because collision-energy-resolved SID data are very sensitive to both the energetics and dynamics of dissociation. We found that transition from selective to non-selective fragmentation as ion kinetic energy is increased is associated with a substantial (ca. 0.5 eV) increase in the dissociation energy and a 3–4 orders of magnitude increase in the pre-exponential factor. Dissociation thresholds for angiotensin analogs derived from the experimental data are as follows: 1.62 eV for RVYIHAF and RVYIHPF, 1.14 eV for RVYIHDF and 1.13 eV for DRVYIHPF. Pre-exponential factors of8.2×1011 ,7.2×1012 ,3.1×108 , and5.0×107 s-1 were obtained for RVYIHPF, RVYIHAF, RVYIHDF, and DRVYIHPF, respectively. Contribution from shattering to the total decomposition of the precursor ion increases for kinetically hindered fragmentation. The largest contribution is observed for a peptide ion that has the largest negative reaction entropy—DRVYIHPF. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PEPTIDES KW - PROTEINS KW - MASS spectrometers KW - RESONANCE KW - Fragmentation energetics KW - FT-ICR MS KW - Protonated peptides KW - Reaction entropy KW - RRKM modeling KW - Selective cleavage KW - Surface-induced dissociation N1 - Accession Number: 13115691; Laskin, Julia 1; Email Address: Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov Bailey, Thomas H. 2 Futrell, Jean H. 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Directorate, P.O. Box 999 (K8-88), Richland, WA 99352, USA 2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 234 Issue 1-3, p89; Subject Term: PEPTIDES; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometers; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fragmentation energetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: FT-ICR MS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protonated peptides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction entropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: RRKM modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Selective cleavage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface-induced dissociation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.02.022 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13115691&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gorshkov, Michael V. AU - Masselon, Christophe D. AU - Nikolaev, Eugene N. AU - Udseth, Harold R. AU - Paša-Tolić, Ljiljana AU - Smith, Richard D. T1 - Considerations for electron capture dissociation efficiency in FTICR mass spectrometry JO - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry JF - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 234 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 131 EP - 136 SN - 13873806 AB - An experimental approach for increasing the efficiency of Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD) with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) is presented. The approach is based on manipulating the spatial distribution of an ion cloud inside an FTICR trap during electron irradiation, which is realized by using both on-resonance pre-excitation of the ions and sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI). The achieved fragmentation efficiency is compared with the theoretical prediction. This method may be useful in biological applications of FTICR, such as identification of posttranslational modifications in proteins and de novo sequencing, where the ECD technique is most applicable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRON capture KW - NUCLEAR physics KW - CYCLOTRONS KW - MASS spectrometry KW - Electron capture dissociation (ECD) KW - FTICR-MS KW - SORI N1 - Accession Number: 13115694; Gorshkov, Michael V. 1 Masselon, Christophe D. 2 Nikolaev, Eugene N. 1 Udseth, Harold R. 2 Paša-Tolić, Ljiljana 2 Smith, Richard D. 2; Email Address: rds@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Institute of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2: Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MSIN: K8-98, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 234 Issue 1-3, p131; Subject Term: ELECTRON capture; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: CYCLOTRONS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron capture dissociation (ECD); Author-Supplied Keyword: FTICR-MS; Author-Supplied Keyword: SORI; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.02.013 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13115694&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carlsohn, Elisabet AU - Ångström, Jonas AU - Emmett, Mark R. AU - Marshall, Alan G. AU - Nilsson, Carol L. T1 - Chemical cross-linking of the urease complex from Helicobacter pylori and analysis by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and molecular modeling JO - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry JF - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 234 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 137 EP - 144 SN - 13873806 AB - Chemical cross-linking of proteins is a well-established method for structural mapping of small protein complexes. When combined with mass spectrometry, cross-linking can reveal protein topology and identify contact sites between the peptide surfaces. When applied to surface-exposed proteins from pathogenic organisms, the method can reveal structural details that are useful in vaccine design. In order to investigate the possibilities of applying cross-linking on larger protein complexes, we selected the urease enzyme from Helicobacter pylori as a model. This membrane-associated protein complex consists of two subunits: α (26.5 kDa) and β (61.7 kDa). Three (αβ) heterodimers form a trimeric (αβ)3 assembly which further associates into a unique dodecameric 1.1 MDa complex composed of four (αβ)3 units. Cross-linked peptides from trypsin-digested urease complex were analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT–ICR MS) and molecular modeling. Two potential cross-linked peptides (present in the cross-linked sample but undetectable in α, β, and native complex) were assigned. Molecular modeling of urease αβ complex and trimeric urease units (αβ)3 revealed a linkage site between the α-subunit and the β-subunit, and an internal cross-linkage in the β-subunit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FOURIER transform spectroscopy KW - UREASE KW - AMIDASES KW - PROTEINS KW - Cross-linking KW - FT–ICR MS KW - FTMS KW - Molecular modeling KW - Urease N1 - Accession Number: 13115695; Carlsohn, Elisabet 1; Email Address: elisabeth.carlsohn@medkem.gu.se Ångström, Jonas 1 Emmett, Mark R. 2,3 Marshall, Alan G. 2,3 Nilsson, Carol L. 1; Affiliation: 1: Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Box 440, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden 2: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310-4005, USA 3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 234 Issue 1-3, p137; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: UREASE; Subject Term: AMIDASES; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cross-linking; Author-Supplied Keyword: FT–ICR MS; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urease; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.02.021 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13115695&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sihlbom, Carina AU - Davidsson, Pia AU - Emmett, Mark R. AU - Marshall, Alan G. AU - Nilsson, Carol L. T1 - Glycoproteomics of cerebrospinal fluid in neurodegenerative disease JO - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry JF - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 234 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 145 EP - 152 SN - 13873806 AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from individual patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was separated by narrow range two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and analyzed by electrospray FT-ICR MS in this glycoproteomic study. Because several altered proteins in the comparison between AD patients and healthy controls individuals are isoforms of glycoproteins, it is important to determine if the modifying glycans are also altered. FT-ICR MS and fragmentation of glycopeptides with infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) offers abundant fragment ions through breakage at the glycosidic linkages with excellent mass accuracy, which facilitates the structural determination of the site-specific N-linked glycosylation. We present results from a structural comparison of proteins from three AD patients and three control individuals of different glycosylated isomers of α-1-antitrypsin, β-trace and apolipoprotein J. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CEREBROSPINAL fluid KW - BRAIN KW - NEURODEGENERATION KW - DEGENERATION (Pathology) KW - Cerebrospinal fluid KW - Fourier transform KW - FT-ICR MS KW - FTMS KW - Glycoprotein KW - Ion cyclotron resonance KW - IRMPD KW - MS/MS N1 - Accession Number: 13115696; Sihlbom, Carina 1; Email Address: carina.sihlbom@medkem.gu.se Davidsson, Pia 2 Emmett, Mark R. 3,4 Marshall, Alan G. 3,4 Nilsson, Carol L. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Box 440, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden 2: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Göteborg University, Mölndal, Sweden 3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Florida, FL 32306, USA 4: Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310-4005, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 234 Issue 1-3, p145; Subject Term: CEREBROSPINAL fluid; Subject Term: BRAIN; Subject Term: NEURODEGENERATION; Subject Term: DEGENERATION (Pathology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cerebrospinal fluid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform; Author-Supplied Keyword: FT-ICR MS; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glycoprotein; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion cyclotron resonance; Author-Supplied Keyword: IRMPD; Author-Supplied Keyword: MS/MS; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.02.016 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13115696&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nieto, Michael Martin AU - Turyshev, Slava G. T1 - MEASURING THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM WITH A SOLAR SAIL. JO - International Journal of Modern Physics D: Gravitation, Astrophysics & Cosmology JF - International Journal of Modern Physics D: Gravitation, Astrophysics & Cosmology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 13 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 899 EP - 906 PB - World Scientific Publishing Company SN - 02182718 AB - NASA has been considering a solar sail that would accelerate a craft to a high velocity (~14 AU/yr) by the time it reached 5 AU. Then the sail would be dropped and the craft would coast alone to deep space. We propose that the sail be retained longer. Then the density of the interplanetary medium could be determined by measuring the drag force on the huge sail using radiometric navigational data. Such an experiment would yield an independent, new type of measurement of the interplanetary medium and should be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of International Journal of Modern Physics D: Gravitation, Astrophysics & Cosmology is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOLAR sails KW - SPACE flight propulsion systems KW - AERONAUTICS KW - INTERSTELLAR matter KW - SPACE environment KW - ASTROPHYSICS KW - Interstellar medium KW - solar sail N1 - Accession Number: 13533662; Nieto, Michael Martin 1; Email Address: mmn@lanl.gov Turyshev, Slava G. 2; Email Address: turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division (MS-B285, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 13 Issue 5, p899; Subject Term: SOLAR sails; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar sail; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13533662&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yoon, Choongseok AU - McGraw, Robert T1 - Representation of generally mixed multivariate aerosols by the quadrature method of moments: I. Statistical foundation JO - Journal of Aerosol Science JF - Journal of Aerosol Science Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 35 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 561 SN - 00218502 AB - The quadrature method of moments (QMOM), a promising new tool for aerosol dynamics simulation is extended to generally mixed multicomponent particle populations. This paper develops the mathematical and statistical foundation for a fully multivariate extension of the QMOM using principal components analysis (PCA). In essence, the full particle distribution function is systematically replaced by a set of lower-order mixed moments and corresponding multivariate quadrature points optimally assigned through PCA and back projection. The resulting PCA–QMOM is illustrated for a multivariate normal particle population in order to compare quadrature point assignments with analytic results, but the method is applicable to arbitrary distributions. Physical and optical properties can be reliably estimated by summation over the PCA-assigned quadrature points. Application of the PCA–QMOM to the dynamics of generally mixed particle populations evolving under condensation, coagulation, and sintering is described in the following paper (Part II). [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Aerosol Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MULTIVARIATE analysis KW - AEROSOLS (Sprays) KW - MOMENTS method (Statistics) KW - MATHEMATICAL statistics KW - Aerosol dynamics KW - Moment methods KW - Multicomponent aerosols KW - Multivariate KW - Principal component analysis KW - Quadrature N1 - Accession Number: 12836738; Yoon, Choongseok 1,2 McGraw, Robert 1; Email Address: rlm@bnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA 2: Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3600, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p561; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moment methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multicomponent aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Principal component analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quadrature; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.11.003 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12836738&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yoon, Choongseok AU - McGraw, Robert T1 - Representation of generally mixed multivariate aerosols by the quadrature method of moments: II. Aerosol dynamics JO - Journal of Aerosol Science JF - Journal of Aerosol Science Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 35 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 577 SN - 00218502 AB - The quadrature method of moments (QMOM) is extended to generally mixed multicomponent particle populations using principal component analysis (PCA). The resulting PCA-QMOM provides a versatile method for moment closure illustrated for generally mixed, multivariate, particle populations evolving under condensation, coagulation, sintering, and simultaneous processes. The method is illustrated using a2h -point quadrature version of the PCA-QMOM, whereh is the number of coordinate dimensions, developed in the preceding paper (Paper I). Calculations for multiple particle populations interacting through coagulation are also presented. A theory is developed for the time-dependence of the covariance matrix of a multicomponent particle population evolving under a size-independent coagulation rate. It is found that the rank of theh×h covariance matrix, forh components, approaches unity at long time as the particle population evolves to an internally mixed, self-preserving size distribution state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Aerosol Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - AEROSOLS (Sprays) KW - MULTIVARIATE analysis KW - MOMENTS method (Statistics) KW - MATHEMATICAL statistics KW - Aerosol dynamics KW - Moment methods KW - Multicomponent aerosols KW - Multivariate KW - Principal component analysis KW - Quadrature N1 - Accession Number: 12836739; Yoon, Choongseok 1,2 McGraw, Robert 1; Email Address: rlm@bnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 815E, Upton, NY 11973, USA 2: Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3600, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p577; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moment methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multicomponent aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Principal component analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quadrature; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.11.012 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12836739&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Calhoun, Ronald AU - Gouveia, Frank AU - Shinn, Joseph AU - Chan, Stevens AU - Stevens, Dave AU - Lee, Robert AU - Leone, John T1 - Flow around a Complex Building: Comparisons between Experiments and a Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Approach. JO - Journal of Applied Meteorology JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 43 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 696 EP - 710 PB - American Meteorological Society SN - 08948763 AB - An experiment investigating flow around a single complex building was performed in 2000. Sonic anemometers were placed around the building, and two-dimensional wind velocities were recorded. An energy-budget and wind-measuring station was located upstream to provide stability and inflow conditions. In general, the sonic anemometers were located in a horizontal plane around the building at a height of 2.6 m above the ground. However, at the upwind wind station, two levels of the wind were measured. The resulting database can be sampled to produce mean wind fields associated with specific wind directions such as 210°, 225°, and 240°. The data are available generally and should be useful for testing computational fluid dynamical models for flow around a building. An in-house Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach was used to compare with the mean wind fields for the predominant wind directions. The numerical model assumed neutral flow and included effects from a complex array of trees in the vicinity of the building. Two kinds of comparisons are presented: 1) direct experimental versus modeled vector comparisons and 2) a numerical metric approach that focuses on wind magnitude and direction errors. The numerical evaluation generally corroborates the vector-to-vector inspection, showing reasonable agreement for the mean wind fields around the building. However, regions with special challenges for the model were identified. In particular, recirculation regions were especially difficult for the model to capture correctly. In the 240° case, there is a tendency for the model to exaggerate the turning effect in the wind caused by the effect of the building. Two different kinds of simulations were performed: 1) predictive calculations with a reasonable but not high-fidelity representation of the building's architectural complexity and 2) postexperiment calculations in which a large number of architectural features were well represented. Although qualitative evidence from inspection of the angles of the vectors in key areas such as around the southeast corner of the building indicated an improvement from the higher-fidelity representation of the building, the general numerical evaluation indicated little difference in the quality of the two solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ANEMOMETER KW - METEOROLOGICAL instruments KW - WIND speed -- Measurement KW - WIND pressure KW - METEOROLOGY KW - WEATHER forecasting KW - CLIMATOLOGY N1 - Accession Number: 13228238; Calhoun, Ronald 1; Email Address: ronald.calhoun@asu.edu Gouveia, Frank 1 Shinn, Joseph 1 Chan, Stevens 1 Stevens, Dave 1 Lee, Robert 1 Leone, John 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p696; Subject Term: ANEMOMETER; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: WIND speed -- Measurement; Subject Term: WIND pressure; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13228238&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunaevsky, A. AU - Fisch, N. J. T1 - Measuring the plasma density of a ferroelectric plasma source in an expanding plasma. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 95 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 4621 EP - 4626 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - The initial density and electron temperature at the surface of a ferroelectric plasma source were deduced from floating probe measurements in an expanding plasma. The method exploits negative charging of the floating probe capacitance by fast flows before the expanding plasma reaches the probe. The temporal profiles of the plasma density can be obtained from the voltage traces of the discharge of the charged probe capacitance by the ion current from the expanding plasma. The temporal profiles of the plasma density, at two different distances from the surface of the ferroelectric plasma source, could be further fitted by using the density profiles for the expanding plasma. This gives the initial values of the plasma density and electron temperature at the surface. The method could be useful for any pulsed discharge, which is accompanied by considerable electromagnetic noise, if the initial plasma parameters might be deduced from measurements in expanding plasma. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PLASMA (Ionized gases) KW - ELECTRON temperature KW - FERROELECTRICITY KW - MOLECULAR probes KW - ELECTROMAGNETIC noise KW - DENSITY N1 - Accession Number: 12855053; Dunaevsky, A. 1 Fisch, N. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton Univesity, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08536.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p4621; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ELECTRON temperature; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: MOLECULAR probes; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC noise; Subject Term: DENSITY; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1690860 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12855053&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ledbetter, Hassel AU - Ogi, Hirotsugu AU - Kai, Satoshi AU - Kim, Sudook AU - Hirao, Masahiko T1 - Elastic constants of body-centered-cubic titanium monocrystals. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 95 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 4642 EP - 4644 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - We report estimates of body-centered-cubic titanium’s monocrystal elastic constants C11, C12, and C44. Two constants resulted from measuring a pure-titanium polycrystal at high temperatures using resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy. The third constant resulted from assuming a Zener elastic anisotropy and using inversely Kröner’s monocrystal–polycrystal elastic-constant relationship. Our values are C11=97.7, C12=82.7, and C44=37.5 GPa at 1000 °C. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TITANIUM KW - ELASTICITY KW - POLYCRYSTALS KW - HIGH temperatures KW - RESONANT ultrasound spectroscopy KW - SPECTRUM analysis N1 - Accession Number: 12855050; Ledbetter, Hassel 1 Ogi, Hirotsugu 2; Email Address: ogi@iuc.cs.osaka-u.ac.jp Kai, Satoshi 2 Kim, Sudook 3 Hirao, Masahiko 2; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory MIS E536, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545. 2: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1 -3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-853 1, Japan. 3: Materials Science & Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology Baulder Colorado 80303.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p4642; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: RESONANT ultrasound spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1688445 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12855050&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Duanwei He, C. AU - Yusheng Zhao AU - Daemen, L. L. AU - Qian, J. AU - Lokshin, K. AU - Shen, T. D. AU - Zhang, J. AU - Lawson, A. C. T1 - Thermoelastic and texture behavior of aluminum at high pressure and high temperature investigated by in situ neutron diffraction. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 95 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 4645 EP - 4650 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - The behavior of aluminum under high pressures and temperatures was investigated by in situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction with a developed Toroidal Anvil Press (TAP-98). The effect of the displacement of the center of diffraction, which is caused by sample movement during compression, is corrected by an additional calibration. Unit-cell dimensions, measured up to P=5.7 GPa and T=900 K, were derived from the refinement results and fitted to the high-temperature Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. With (∂KT/∂P)T fixed at 4, we obtained K0=72.8(±2.4) GPa, (∂KT/∂T)P=-0.04(±0.01) GPa K-1, and αT (K-1)=3.7(±1.6)×10-5+9.7(±3.5)×10-8T. Our data are compared with previous experimental data involving shock wave, static compression, ultrasonic, and thermal-expansion measurements and with theoretical predictions. The results demonstrate that the newly developed high-pressure high-temperature system for in situ neutron diffraction is reliable. It was also found that the crystalline orientation of Al grains became highly preferred when the sample was heated to 900 K at ∼4 GPa. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ALUMINUM KW - THERMOELASTICITY KW - HIGH pressure (Science) KW - NEUTRON diffraction KW - HIGH temperatures KW - OPTICAL diffraction N1 - Accession Number: 12855049; Duanwei He, C. 1; Email Address: dhe@princeton.edu Yusheng Zhao 1 Daemen, L. L. 1 Qian, J. 1 Lokshin, K. 1 Shen, T. D. 1 Zhang, J. 1 Lawson, A. C. 1; Affiliation: 1: LANSCE & MST Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p4645; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Science); Subject Term: NEUTRON diffraction; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1688460 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12855049&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jiang, W. AU - Wang, C. M. AU - Weber, W. J. AU - Engelhard, M. H. AU - Saraf, L. V. T1 - Direct determination of volume changes in ion-beam-irradiated SiC. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 95 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 4687 EP - 4690 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - A single crystal 6H-SiC wafer was sequentially implanted in two areas at 873 and 295 K using 2.0 MeV Au2+ ions under off-axis conditions. Identical Au depth profiles, as a function of atomic areal density, were obtained for both irradiation temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and analytical electron microscopy were used to determine the one-dimensional expansion in the amorphous state produced at 295 K relative to that in the slightly damaged state produced at 873 K, based on the Au reference markers. In addition, the redshift of the plasmon-loss peak in the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to measure the local density changes. Comparison of the three methods indicates that the XPS and EELS methods were the most reliable, yielding a volume expansion of (11.5±2)% for the amorphous state in 6H-SiC at 295 K. The volume expansion in the slightly damaged state at 873 K was determined to be 0.9% by EELS. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SILICON carbide KW - ION bombardment KW - PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy KW - ELECTRON energy loss spectroscopy KW - CRYSTALS KW - PHOTOELECTRICITY N1 - Accession Number: 12855042; Jiang, W. 1; Email Address: weilin.jiang@pnl.gov Wang, C. M. 1 Weber, W. J. 1 Engelhard, M. H. 1 Saraf, L. V. 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p4687; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRON energy loss spectroscopy; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRICITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1690102 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12855042&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xinqi Chen, P. K. AU - Sulin Zhang, P. K. AU - Wagner, Gregory J. AU - Ding, Weiqiang AU - Ruoff, Rodney S. T1 - Mechanical resonance of quartz microfibers and boundary condition effects. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 95 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 4823 EP - 4828 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - We have measured the mechanical resonance of microscale quartz fibers to qualify the method of obtaining the Young’s modulus of nanowires from their resonance frequency and geometry. An equation for a circular beam with a linearly varying cross-section is derived and used to calculate the resonance frequency shift. We have established a model to discuss the boundary condition effect on the resonance frequency. The Young’s modulus of the quartz fibers has been determined by measuring the resonance frequency, and the geometry, and by applying the model that treats the influence of the type of clamp. The mean value from measurements of the fundamental resonance on 14 different microfibers is 70±6 GPa. This mean value is close to 72 GPa, the Young’s modulus of bulk fused quartz. Four resonance modes were observed in high vacuum and air. The mechanical resonance in high vacuum is linear at the fundamental vibration mode, and nonlinear for higher modes. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESONANCE KW - QUARTZ fibers KW - ELASTICITY KW - BOUNDARY value problems KW - NANOWIRES KW - MATTER -- Properties N1 - Accession Number: 12855021; Xinqi Chen, P. K. 1 Sulin Zhang, P. K. 1 Wagner, Gregory J. 1,2 Ding, Weiqiang 1 Ruoff, Rodney S. 1; Email Address: r-ruoff@northwestern.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208. 2: Sandia National Laboratories, MS 9402, Livermore, CA 94551.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p4823; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: QUARTZ fibers; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1697635 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12855021&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ruden, P. P. AU - Smith, D. L. T1 - Theory of spin injection into conjugated organic semiconductors. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 95 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 4898 EP - 4904 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - We present a theoretical model to describe electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic contact into a conjugated organic semiconductor. In thermal equilibrium the magnetic contact is spin polarized, whereas the organic semiconductor is unpolarized. The organic semiconductor must be driven far out of local thermal equilibrium by an electric current to achieve significant spin current injection. However, if the injecting contact has metallic conductivity, its electron distribution cannot be driven far from thermal equilibrium by practical current densities. Thus, quasi-equilibration between the conjugated organic semiconductor and the metallic contact must be suppressed to achieve effective spin injection. This requires a spin-dependent barrier to electrical injection that may be due either to tunneling through the depletion region of a large Schottky barrier or to tunneling through a thin, insulating, interface layer. Schottky barrier formation on conjugated organic semiconductors differs from that on inorganic semiconductors inasmuch as contacts made to organic semiconductors often follow near-ideal Schottky behavior, thus permitting the energy barrier to electrical injection to be varied over a wide range by using metals with different work functions. In addition, insulating tunnel barriers to organic semiconductors based on organic molecules can be conveniently fabricated using self-assembly techniques. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ORGANIC semiconductors KW - INJECTIONS KW - ELECTRIC conductivity KW - ELECTRIC currents KW - TUNNELING (Physics) KW - SCHOTTKY-barrier diodes N1 - Accession Number: 12855009; Ruden, P. P. 1; Email Address: ruden@ece.uiun.edu Smith, D. L. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455. 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p4898; Subject Term: ORGANIC semiconductors; Subject Term: INJECTIONS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: TUNNELING (Physics); Subject Term: SCHOTTKY-barrier diodes; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1689753 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12855009&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kapiar, R. J. AU - Kurtz, S. R. AU - Koleske, D. D. AU - Fischer, A. J. T1 - Electroreflectance studies of Stark shifts and polarization-induced electric fields in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 95 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 4905 EP - 4913 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - To observe the effects of polarization fields and screening, we have performed contacted electroreflectance (CER) measurements on In0.07Ga0.93N/GaN single quantum well light emitting diodes for different reverse bias voltages. Room-temperature CER spectra exhibited three features which are at lower energy than the GaN band gap and are associated with the quantum well. The position of the lowest-energy experimental peak, attributed to the ground-state quantum well transition, exhibited a limited Stark shift except at large reverse bias when a redshift in the peak energy was observed. Realistic band models of the quantum well samples were constructed using self-consistent Schrödinger–Poisson solutions, taking polarization and screening effects in the quantum well fully into account. The model predicts an initial blueshift in transition energy as reverse bias voltage is increased, due to the cancellation of the polarization electric field by the depletion region field and the associated shift due to the quantum-confined Stark effect. A redshift is predicted to occur as the applied field is further increased past the flatband voltage. While the data and the model are in reasonable agreement for voltages past the flatband voltage, they disagree for smaller values of reverse bias, when charge is stored in the quantum well, and no blueshift is observed experimentally. To eliminate the blueshift and screen the electric field, we speculate that electrons in the quantum well are trapped in localized states. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ELECTRIC fields KW - POLARIZATION (Electricity) KW - QUANTUM wells KW - DIODES KW - STARK effect KW - SPECTRUM analysis N1 - Accession Number: 12855008; Kapiar, R. J. 1; Email Address: rjkapla@sandia.gov Kurtz, S. R. 1 Koleske, D. D. 1 Fischer, A. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185.; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p4905; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: QUANTUM wells; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: STARK effect; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1690100 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12855008&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, C. M. AU - Shutthanandan, V. AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Thomas, L. E. AU - Baer, D. R. AU - Thevuthasan, S. AU - Duscher, G. T1 - Precipitation of Au nanoclusters in SrTiO3 by ion implantation. JO - Journal of Applied Physics JF - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 95 IS - 9 M3 - Article SP - 5060 EP - 5068 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00218979 AB - Gold nanoclusters dispersed in single-crystal SrTiO3 (STO) (001) have been prepared by ion implantation at both 300 and 975 K followed by annealing at 1275 K for 10 h. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field imaging in an aberration-corrected dedicated scanning TEM, and image simulations were used to study the morphology, size, and crystallographic orientation of the Au nanoclusters with respect to the STO matrix, as well as the interface structure between the Au nanoclusters and STO. Gold ion implantation at 300 K leads to amorphization of the STO surface layer, which is corrugated to form bumps and valleys on the surface. Annealing at 1275 K for 10 h leads to epitaxial recrystallization of the amorphized layer within which Au clusters of several nanometers and a narrow size distribution were formed. Implantation at 975 K and subsequent annealing produces much larger Au clusters ∼50 nm in diameter and a very wide size distribution. The precipitated Au clusters possess an epitaxial orientation with the STO, such that Au[001]//STO[001] and Au(100)//STO(100). The critical cluster size for transition from strain-matched interfaces to dislocation relaxed interfaces has been found to be ∼7 nm. Cavities formed by condensation of vacancies were faceted along {001} and {011} planes in the STO matrix. It is generally inferred that implantation below a critical temperature may lead to a finer Au cluster size. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ION bombardment KW - GOLD KW - ELECTRON microscopy KW - EPITAXY KW - CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics) KW - CONDENSATION N1 - Accession Number: 12854981; Wang, C. M. 1; Email Address: chongmin.wang@pnl.gov Shutthanandan, V. 1 Zhang, Y. 1 Thomas, L. E. 1 Baer, D. R. 1 Thevuthasan, S. 1 Duscher, G. 2,3; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352. 2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607. 3: Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p5060; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: GOLD; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: EPITAXY; Subject Term: CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 10 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1691187 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12854981&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gritsyna, V.T. AU - Kazarinov, Yu. G. AU - Kobyakov, V.A. AU - Sickafus, K.E. T1 - X-Ray Luminescence of Defects in Spinel Single Crystals. JO - Journal of Applied Spectroscopy JF - Journal of Applied Spectroscopy Y1 - 2004/05//May/Jun2004 VL - 71 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 395 EP - 399 SN - 00219037 AB - The flareup of x‐ray luminescence in spinel single crystals (MgAl2O4) depending on the time of x‐ray irradiation and the decay of fluorescence depending on the time elapsed after the termination of irradiation have been investigated. These dependences were measured at different powers of the irradiation dose (power of the x‐ray tube) and at different temperatures of the samples. The experimental results suggest the existence of large‐size complexes of defects, which include antisite defects and impurity ions, the exchange of charge carriers between which during and after irradiation leads to luminescence of the impurity ions. Transfer of charge carriers between isolated elements of the pairs of antisite defects (not interacting with the impurity ions) leads to the formation of a competing channel of recombination luminescence in the UV region of the spectra. The decay of fluorescence attributable to transitions in the Mn2+ and Cr3+ ions depending on the time elapsed after the termination of x‐ray irradiation points to the existence of various combinations of antisite defects in the surroundings of these ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Applied Spectroscopy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPINEL KW - CRYSTALS KW - LUMINESCENCE KW - X-rays KW - luminescence center KW - magnesium‐aluminate spinel KW - magnesium-aluminate spinel KW - optical center KW - spatial distribution of traps KW - x‐ray luminescence KW - x-ray luminescence N1 - Accession Number: 15193281; Gritsyna, V.T. 1; Email Address: gritsyna@pht.univer.kharkov.ua Kazarinov, Yu. G. 1 Kobyakov, V.A. 1 Sickafus, K.E. 2; Affiliation: 1: Kharkov National University, 4 Svoboda Sq., Kharkov, 61077, Ukraine 2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 71 Issue 3, p395; Subject Term: SPINEL; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: X-rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: luminescence center; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnesium‐aluminate spinel; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnesium-aluminate spinel; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical center; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial distribution of traps; Author-Supplied Keyword: x‐ray luminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: x-ray luminescence; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15193281&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steinwart, Ingo T1 - Entropy of convex hulls—some Lorentz norm results JO - Journal of Approximation Theory JF - Journal of Approximation Theory Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 128 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 42 EP - 52 SN - 00219045 AB - LetA be a subset of a typep Banach spaceE ,1 , Denmark T1 - Diffusion on complex networks: a way to probe their large-scale topological structures JO - Physica A JF - Physica A Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 336 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 163 SN - 03784371 AB - A diffusion process on complex networks is introduced in order to uncover their large-scale topological structures. This is achieved by focusing on the slowest decaying diffusive modes of the network. The proposed procedure is applied to real-world networks like a friendship network of known modular structure, and an Internet routing network. For the friendship network, its known structure is well reproduced. In case of the Internet, where the structure is far less well known, one indeed finds a modular structure, and modules can roughly be associated with individual countries. Quantitatively, the modular structure of the Internet manifests itself in an approximately, such that its entropy numbers satisfy
(#x03B5;n(A))n∈ℓq,s for someq,s∈(0,∞) . We show(en(aco A))n∈ℓr,s for the dyadic entropy numbers of the absolutely convex hullaco A ofA , wherer is defined by1/r=1/p′+1/q . Furthermore, we show for slowly decreasing entropy numbers that(en(A))n∈ℓq,s implies(en(aco A))n∈ℓp′,s for all0 , Denmark##Department of Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14A, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden AU - Maslov, Sergei AU - Sneppen, Øandq defined by1/q=1/p′+1/s . [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Approximation Theory is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ENTROPY KW - LORENTZ spaces KW - TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics) KW - THERMODYNAMICS KW - Convex hulls KW - Entropy numbers N1 - Accession Number: 13236052; Steinwart, Ingo 1; Email Address: ingo@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Computer and Computational Sciences Division, Modeling, Algorithms, and Informatics Group, CCS-3, Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition, Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 128 Issue 1, p42; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: LORENTZ spaces; Subject Term: TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convex hulls; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy numbers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jat.2004.04.001 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13236052&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peters, Baron AU - Bell, Alexis T. AU - Heyden, Andreas AU - Chakraborty, Arup T1 - A growing string method for determining transition states: Comparison to the nudged elastic band and string methods. JO - Journal of Chemical Physics JF - Journal of Chemical Physics Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 120 IS - 17 M3 - Article SP - 7877 EP - 7886 PB - American Institute of Physics SN - 00219606 AB - Interpolation methods such as the nudged elastic band and string methods are widely used for calculating minimum energy pathways and transition states for chemical reactions. Both methods require an initial guess for the reaction pathway. A poorly chosen initial guess can cause slow convergence, convergence to an incorrect pathway, or even failed electronic structure force calculations along the guessed pathway. This paper presents a growing string method that can find minimum energy pathways and transition states without the requirement of an initial guess for the pathway. The growing string begins as two string fragments, one associated with the reactants and the other with the products. Each string fragment is grown separately until the fragments converge. Once the two fragments join, the full string moves toward the minimum energy pathway according to the algorithm for the string method. This paper compares the growing string method to the string method and to the nudged elastic band method using the alanine dipeptide rearrangement as an example. In this example, for which the linearly interpolated guess is far from the minimum energy pathway, the growing string method finds the saddle point with significantly fewer electronic structure force calculations than the string method or the nudged elastic band method. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INTERPOLATION KW - POTENTIAL energy surfaces KW - CHEMICAL reactions KW - ELECTRONIC structure KW - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) N1 - Accession Number: 12817172; Peters, Baron 1 Bell, Alexis T. 1 Heyden, Andreas 2 Chakraborty, Arup 1,3,4,5; Email Address: arup@uclink.berkeley.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 2: Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. 3: Department of Chemistry, university of California, Berkeley, California 94720 4: Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 5: Physical Biosciences and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 17, p7877; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1063/1.1691018 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817172&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campos, Isabel AU - Davenport, James W. T1 - Numerical investigation of the 3D Hubbard model on a Linux cluster JO - Journal of Computational Physics JF - Journal of Computational Physics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 196 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 88 SN - 00219991 AB - We investigate numerically the magnetic properties of the 3D Isotropic and Anisotropic Hubbard model at half-filling on a Linux cluster. The behavior of the transition temperature as a function of the anisotropic hopping parameter is qualitatively described. In the Isotropic model we measure the scaling properties of the susceptibility finding agreement with the magnetic critical exponents of the 3D Heisenberg model. We describe several particularities concerning the implementation of our simulation in a cluster of personal computers paying special attention to the issues related with the parallelization of the algorithm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - HUBBARD model KW - TEMPERATURE KW - ENERGY-band theory of solids KW - ALGORITHMS N1 - Accession Number: 12780112; Campos, Isabel; Email Address: isabel.campos@lrz.muenchen.de Davenport, James W. 1; Affiliation: 1: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Center for Data Intensive Computing, Upton, NY 11973, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 196 Issue 1, p88; Subject Term: HUBBARD model; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ENERGY-band theory of solids; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.10.020 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12780112&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Greenough, J.A. AU - Rider, W.J. T1 - A quantitative comparison of numerical methods for the compressible Euler equations: fifth-order WENO and piecewise-linear Godunov JO - Journal of Computational Physics JF - Journal of Computational Physics Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 196 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 259 SN - 00219991 AB - A numerical study is undertaken comparing a fifth-order version of the weighted essentially non-oscillatory numerical (WENO5) method to a modern piecewise-linear, second-order, version of Godunov''s (PLMDE) method for the compressible Euler equations. A series of one-dimensional test problems are examined beginning with classical linear problems and ending with complex shock interactions. The problems considered are: (1) linear advection of a Gaussian pulse in density, (2) Sod''s shock tube problem, (3) the “peak” shock tube problem, (4) a version of the Shu and Osher shock entropy wave interaction and (5) the Woodward and Colella interacting shock wave problem. For each problem and method, run times, density error norms and convergence rates are reported for each method as produced from a common code test-bed. The linear problem exhibits the advertised convergence rate for both methods as well as the expected large disparity in overall error levels; WENO5 has the smaller errors and an enormous advantage in overall efficiency (in accuracy per unit CPU time). For the nonlinear problems with discontinuities, however, we generally see both first-order self-convergence of error as compared to an exact solution, or when an analytic solution is not available, a converged solution generated on an extremely fine grid. The overall comparison of error levels shows some variation from problem to problem. For Sod''s shock tube, PLMDE has nearly half the error, while on the peak problem the errors are nearly the same. For the interacting blast wave problem the two methods again produce a similar level of error with a slight edge for the PLMDE. On the other hand, for the Shu–Osher problem, the errors are similar on the coarser grids, but favors WENO by a factor of nearly 1.5 on the finer grids used. In all cases holding mesh resolution constant though, PLMDE is less costly in terms of CPU time by approximately a factor of 6. If the CPU cost is taken as fixed, that is run times are equal for both numerical methods, then PLMDE uniformly produces lower errors than WENO for the fixed computation cost on the test problems considered here. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EULER characteristic KW - NONLINEAR theories KW - PIECEWISE linear topology KW - STOCHASTIC convergence N1 - Accession Number: 12780120; Greenough, J.A. 1; Email Address: greenough1@llnl.gov Rider, W.J. 2; Affiliation: 1: AX-Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, MS L-031, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 2: Computer and Computational Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 196 Issue 1, p259; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: PIECEWISE linear topology; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.11.002 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12780120&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - DeWald, Adrian T. AU - Rankin, Jon E. AU - Hill, Michael R. AU - Schaffers, Kathleen I. T1 - An improved cutting plan for removing laser amplifier slabs from Yb:S-FAP single crystals using residual stress measurement and finite element modeling JO - Journal of Crystal Growth JF - Journal of Crystal Growth Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 265 IS - 3/4 M3 - Article SP - 627 SN - 00220248 AB - This paper presents a measurement of the bulk residual stress distribution in a large single crystal boule and examines the residual stress redistribution during sectioning required to produce laser amplifier slabs. Experiments are currently under way to develop high-efficiency, diode-pumped laser systems that use Sr5(PO4)3F crystals doped with Yb3+ ions (called Yb:S-FAP) as the amplifying medium. The progress has been protracted since the cylindrical crystal boules have experienced an extremely high rate of fracture when they are cut to form rectangular amplifier slabs. It was hypothesized that fracture was caused by residual stresses acting in the presence of small chip-like defects generated by the cutting process. Attempts were made to measure the residual stress using X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, ultrasound, photo-elasticity, and the slitting method (also called crack compliance). The latter method turned out to be the most effective technique and it is presented here in detail. The measured residual stress field in the crystal boule closely resembled the result expected from a thermal process, with a maximum tensile stress of 50 MPa at the center of the crystal. Additionally, the experimental residual stresses were applied to a finite element model of the boule and various cutting plans were simulated to try and minimize the stresses acting along the edges of the cut. It was determined that a cut from only one side of the crystal boule and slightly off the central axis significantly reduced the stresses from the original cutting plan which used a two-sided cut through the center of the crystal. The modeling results showed that the maximum principal stress at the cut tip was reduced by 40% with the one-sided, off-center cutting plan, which would significantly reduce propensity for fracture during cutting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray diffraction KW - STRONTIUM KW - DIODES KW - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY KW - 62.20.Mk KW - A1. Computer simulation KW - A1. Fracture KW - A1. Residual stress measurement KW - A1. Slitting method KW - A1. Stresses KW - B3. Solid state lasers N1 - Accession Number: 12838338; DeWald, Adrian T. 1,2; Email Address: atdewald@ucdavis.edu Rankin, Jon E. 2 Hill, Michael R. 1; Email Address: mrhill@ucdavis.edu Schaffers, Kathleen I. 2; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA 2: Laser Science and Technology, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 265 Issue 3/4, p627; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: STRONTIUM; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: 62.20.Mk; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Computer simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Residual stress measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Slitting method; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: B3. Solid state lasers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.02.076 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12838338&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ogasawara, H. AU - Fukui, K. AU - Matsubara, M. T1 - Polarization dependence of X-ray emission spectroscopy JO - Journal of Electron Spectroscopy & Related Phenomena JF - Journal of Electron Spectroscopy & Related Phenomena Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 136 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 161 EP - 166 SN - 03682048 AB - The polarization dependence of X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is studied on the angle dependence of incident and emitted X-ray. The Kramers–Heisenberg formula is employed to describe the optical process. It is shown that the quantum mechanical interference effect is directly observable in magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra in a special geometrical configuration. It is also shown that by making use of the linearly polarized X-ray, information on the symmetry of ground states of materials is directly determinable from simple selection rules. Potential possibilities of X-ray spectrum with a polarized photon are demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Electron Spectroscopy & Related Phenomena is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - OPTICAL polarization KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - MOLECULAR spectroscopy KW - Magnetic circular dichroism KW - Polarized X-ray KW - X-ray emission spectroscopy N1 - Accession Number: 13065428; Ogasawara, H. 1,2,3; Email Address: haruhiko@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp Fukui, K. 1,4 Matsubara, M. 1,5; Affiliation: 1: ISSP, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan 2: APS, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, IL 60439, USA 3: Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA 4: School of Physics and Physics Research Division, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea 5: Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 136 Issue 1/2, p161; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic circular dichroism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarized X-ray; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray emission spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.143 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13065428&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sauer, Nancy N. AU - Ehler, Deborah S. AU - Duran, Brandy L. T1 - Lead Extraction from Contaminated Soil Using Water-Soluble Polymers. JO - Journal of Environmental Engineering JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 130 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 585 EP - 588 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 07339372 AB - The applicability of water-soluble polymers as extractants for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils has been explored using a lead-contaminated Superfund soil as a sample system. Polyethylenimine (PEI) was functionalized with bromo- or chloroacetic acid to give an aminocarboxylate chelating group, which effectively binds lead. The resulting polymer, PEIC, has extraction properties similar to the molecular chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. A series of studies was done to probe optimum conditions for lead extraction from soils obtained from the Cal-West Superfund site in New Mexico that contained approximately 10,000 ppm of Pb. In batch extraction experiments using polymer functionalized at two different levels, the polymers removed greater than 97% of the lead from the soils. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the selective extraction of lead could be controlled by varying polymer functionalization levels. Concentration and regeneration of the polymers using ultrafiltration was also demonstrated. Release of lead from the polymer was accomplished by acidification to pH 1 with HCl. Subsequent ultrafiltration allowed recovery of the extractant polymer for reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOIL remediation KW - POLYMERS KW - HEAVY metals KW - SOIL pollution KW - LEAD KW - NEW Mexico KW - UNITED States KW - Lead KW - Polymers KW - Soil pollution N1 - Accession Number: 12861081; Sauer, Nancy N. 1 Ehler, Deborah S. 1 Duran, Brandy L. 1; Affiliation: 1: Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 130 Issue 5, p585; Subject Term: SOIL remediation; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: HEAVY metals; Subject Term: SOIL pollution; Subject Term: LEAD; Subject Term: NEW Mexico; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lead; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil pollution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:5(585) UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12861081&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sohn, Michael D. AU - Mckone, Thomas E. AU - Blancato, Jerry N. T1 - Reconstructing population exposures from dose biomarkers: inhalation of trichloroethylene (TCE) as a case study. JO - Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology JF - Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 14 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 204 EP - 213 PB - Nature Publishing Group SN - 10534245 AB - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a well-established toxicological tool designed to relate exposure to a target tissue dose. The emergence of federal and state programs for environmental health tracking and the availability of exposure monitoring through biomarkers creates the opportunity to apply PBPK models to estimate exposures to environmental contaminants from urine, blood, and tissue samples. However, reconstructing exposures for large populations is complicated by often having too few biomarker samples, large uncertainties about exposures, and large interindividual variability. In this paper, we use an illustrative case study to identify some of these difficulties, and for a process for confronting them by reconstructing population-scale exposures using Bayesian inference. The application consists of interpreting biomarker data from eight adult males with controlled exposures to trichloroethylene (TCE) as if the biomarkers were random samples from a large population with unknown exposure conditions. The TCE concentrations in blood from the individuals fell into two distinctly different groups even though the individuals were simultaneously in a single exposure chamber. We successfully reconstructed the exposure scenarios for both subgroups - although the reconstruction of one subgroup is different than what is believed to be the true experimental conditions. We were however unable to predict with high certainty the concentration of TCE in air.Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology (2004) 14, 204-213. doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500314 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BIOCHEMICAL markers KW - TRICHLOROETHYLENE KW - PHARMACOKINETICS KW - HEALTH risk assessment KW - PUBLIC health KW - CASE studies KW - Bayesian inference. KW - biomarkers KW - exposure assessment KW - PBPK modeling N1 - Accession Number: 13079921; Sohn, Michael D. 1; Email Address: mdsohn@lbI.gov Mckone, Thomas E. 1,2 Blancato, Jerry N. 3; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 2: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 3: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United State Environmental Protection Agency, La Vegas, Nevada 89193, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p204; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: TRICHLOROETHYLENE; Subject Term: PHARMACOKINETICS; Subject Term: HEALTH risk assessment; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: CASE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference.; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomarkers; Author-Supplied Keyword: exposure assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: PBPK modeling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1038/sj.jea.7500314 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13079921&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - MacLeod, Matthew AU - Bennett, Deborah H. AU - Perem, Merike AU - Maddalena, Randy L. AU - McKone, Thomas E. AU - Mackay, Don T1 - Dependence of Intake Fraction on Release Location in a Multimedia Framework - A Case Study of Four Contaminants in North America. JO - Journal of Industrial Ecology JF - Journal of Industrial Ecology Y1 - 2004///Summer2004 VL - 8 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 89 EP - 102 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 10881980 AB - A defining feature of industrial ecology is the design of processes to minimize any disruption of the functioning of the natural ecosystem that supports life, including human beings. The extent of human exposure to anthropogenic contaminants in the environment is a complex function of the amount of chemical emitted, its physicochemical properties and reactivity, the nature of the environment, and the characteristics of the pathways for human exposure, such as inhalation, dermal contacts, and intake of food and water. For some chemicals, the location of emissions relative to areas of high population density or intense food production may also be an important factor. We explore the relative importance of these variables using the regionally segmented Berkeley-Trent (BETR) North America contaminant fate model and data for food production patterns and population density for North America. The model is applied to four contaminants emitted to air: benzene, carbon tetrachloride, benzo[a]pyrene, and 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin. The total continental intake fraction (iF), relating exposure quantity to emission quantity, is employed as a metric for assessing population exposure to these contaminants. Results show that the use of continentally averaged parameters for population density and food production provides an accurate estimate of the median of iF calculated for emissions in individual regions; however, iF can range from this median by up to 3 orders of magnitude, especially for chemicals transferred to humans through foods. The locations of population and food production relative to sources of chemicals are important variables that should be considered when assessing the possible human health impacts of chemical emissions as in life-cycle assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Industrial Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - INDUSTRIAL ecology KW - ECOSYSTEM management KW - BIOTIC communities KW - ECOLOGY KW - BIOLOGY KW - comparative impact assessment KW - dietary exposure pathway KW - exposure KW - HEALTH EFFECTS KW - MULTIMEDIA MODELING KW - site dependency N1 - Accession Number: 15025595; MacLeod, Matthew 1; Email Address: mjmacleod@lbl.gov Bennett, Deborah H. 2 Perem, Merike 3 Maddalena, Randy L. 4 McKone, Thomas E. 5,6 Mackay, Don 7; Affiliation: 1: Postdoctoral fellow, Environmental Energy Technologies Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 2: Assistant professor of environmental health and risk assessment, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 3: Research associate, Canadian Environmental Modeling Centre, Trent University 4: Scientist, Environmental Energy Technologies Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 5: Senior scientist, Environmental Energy Technologies Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 6: Adjunct professor, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 7: Director of the Canadian Environmental Modeling Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; Source Info: Summer2004, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p89; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL ecology; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: BIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: comparative impact assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: dietary exposure pathway; Author-Supplied Keyword: exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: HEALTH EFFECTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: MULTIMEDIA MODELING; Author-Supplied Keyword: site dependency; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1162/1088198042442360 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15025595&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hu, Dehong AU - Micic, Miodrag AU - Klymyshyn, Nicholas AU - Suh, Yung Doug AU - Lu, H. Peter T1 - Correlated topographic and spectroscopic imaging by combined atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy JO - Journal of Luminescence JF - Journal of Luminescence Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 107 IS - 1-4 M3 - Article SP - 4 SN - 00222313 AB - Near-field scanning microscopy is a powerful approach to obtain topographic and spectroscopic characterization simultaneously for imaging biological and nanoscale systems. To achieve optical imaging at high spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit, aperture-less metallic scanning tips have been utilized to enhance the laser illumination local electromagnetic field at the apex of the scanning tips. In this paper, we discuss and review our work on combined fluorescence imaging with AFM-metallic tip enhancement, finite element method simulation of the tip enhancement, and their applications on AFM-tip enhanced fluorescence lifetime imaging (AFM-FLIM) and correlated AFM and FLIM imaging of the living cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Luminescence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SPECTROSCOPIC imaging KW - DIAGNOSTIC imaging KW - ATOMIC force microscopy KW - SCANNING probe microscopy KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Fluorescence lifetime imaging N1 - Accession Number: 12642586; Hu, Dehong 1 Micic, Miodrag 1 Klymyshyn, Nicholas 1 Suh, Yung Doug 1 Lu, H. Peter; Email Address: peter.lu@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Division, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 107 Issue 1-4, p4; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPIC imaging; Subject Term: DIAGNOSTIC imaging; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: SCANNING probe microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic force microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescence lifetime imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jlumin.2003.12.045 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12642586&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fu, Riqiang AU - Hu, Jun AU - Cross, Timothy A. T1 - Towards quantitative measurements in solid-state CPMAS NMR: A Lee–Goldburg frequency modulated cross-polarization scheme JO - Journal of Magnetic Resonance JF - Journal of Magnetic Resonance Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 168 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 8 SN - 10907807 AB - A new scheme combining a Lee–Goldburg (LG) sequence with frequency modulation is proposed for cross-polarization (LG-FMCP) in solid-state magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. During the CP contact time, the 1H magnetization is spin-locked along the magic angle by the LG sequence and the irradiation offset of the S spins (e.g., 15N) is modulated sinusoidally with a constant RF amplitude. It is shown experimentally that the LG sequence significantly lengthens the proton spin–lattice relaxation time in the tilted rotating frame and that the frequency modulation shortens the cross-polarization time for non-protonated S spins. As a result of substantially increasing the difference in these relaxation rates, the non-protonated and protonated S spins can be more efficiently and more uniformly polarized with a relatively long CP contact time, making quantitative CP measurements possible. A sample of 15N-δ1 -l-histidine lyophilized from a solution of pH 6.3 and a 15N-δ1 -l-His labeled transmembrane helical peptide in hydrated lipid bilayers were used to illustrate the advantages of this scheme. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Magnetic Resonance is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - POLARIZATION (Electricity) KW - DIELECTRIC relaxation KW - DIPOLE moments KW - MAGNETIZATION KW - Frequency modulated cross-polarization KW - Histidine KW - Lee–Goldburg sequence KW - M2 protein KW - Magic angle spinning KW - NMR N1 - Accession Number: 12780250; Fu, Riqiang 1; Email Address: rfu@magnet.fsu.edu Hu, Jun 1,2 Cross, Timothy A. 1,2,3; Affiliation: 1: Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA 2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA 3: Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 168 Issue 1, p8; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: DIELECTRIC relaxation; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency modulated cross-polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Histidine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lee–Goldburg sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: M2 protein; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magic angle spinning; Author-Supplied Keyword: NMR; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.01.012 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12780250&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Topgaard, Daniel AU - Pines, Alexander T1 - Self-diffusion measurements with chemical shift resolution in inhomogeneous magnetic fields JO - Journal of Magnetic Resonance JF - Journal of Magnetic Resonance Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 168 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 31 SN - 10907807 AB - A methodology for chemical shift resolved molecular self-diffusion measurements in time-independent static and radiofrequency field gradients is demonstrated. Diffusion encoding is provided by a stimulated echo sequence with additionalz -storage that allows for a change of diffusion time without affecting the relaxation weighting. The signal is acquired stroboscopically between the pulses of a train of adiabatic double passages that induces az -rotation counteracting the phase spread resulting from precession in the inhomogeneous static field, as demonstrated in recent approaches to the goal of high-resolution “ex situ” NMR. Simulations of the pulse sequence show that the acquired signal results from the desired coherence pathway. Successful demonstrations of the experiment were performed on a mixture of water and isopropanol. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Magnetic Resonance is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RADIO frequency KW - RADIO measurements KW - INHOMOGENEOUS materials KW - MATERIALS KW - Adiabatic pulses KW - Chemical shift KW - Inhomogeneous magnetic fields KW - Self-diffusion KW - Stimulated echo N1 - Accession Number: 12780252; Topgaard, Daniel; Email Address: daniel.topgaard@fkem1.lu.se Pines, Alexander 1; Affiliation: 1: Materials Sciences Division, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 168 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: RADIO measurements; Subject Term: INHOMOGENEOUS materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adiabatic pulses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inhomogeneous magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stimulated echo; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.01.018 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12780252&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lipton, Andrew S. AU - Heck, Robert W. AU - Sears, Jesse A. AU - Ellis, Paul D. T1 - Low temperature solid-state NMR experiments of half-integer quadrupolar nuclides: caveats and data analysis JO - Journal of Magnetic Resonance JF - Journal of Magnetic Resonance Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 168 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 66 SN - 10907807 AB - Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of half-integer quadrupolar nuclides has received a lot of interest recently with the advent of new methodologies and higher magnetic fields. We present here the extension of our previous low temperature method to an 18.8 T system. This new probe entailed a total redesign including a cross coil and variable capacitors that are operational at cryogenic temperatures. The limitations to sensitivity are also discussed; including a new diode network, the utilization of a cryogenic band pass filter, and the consequences of the RF profiles of the coil. Further, details of the spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei in a protein are discussed, such as the observation of the outer transitions and how to distinguish them from the desired ±1/2 transition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Magnetic Resonance is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ENERGY storage KW - ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus KW - QUADRUPOLES KW - ELECTROMAGNETIC theory N1 - Accession Number: 12780256; Lipton, Andrew S. 1 Heck, Robert W. 1 Sears, Jesse A. 1 Ellis, Paul D.; Email Address: paul.ellis@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Macromolecular Structure and Dynamics Directorate, WR Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 168 Issue 1, p66; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus; Subject Term: QUADRUPOLES; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.01.008 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12780256&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kim, Hyeongnam AU - Cross, Timothy A. AU - Fu, Riqiang T1 - Cross-polarization schemes for peptide samples oriented in hydrated phospholipid bilayers JO - Journal of Magnetic Resonance JF - Journal of Magnetic Resonance Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 168 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 147 SN - 10907807 AB - Continuous-wave, ramped amplitude, and frequency modulated cross-polarization schemes (abbreviated as CWCP, RACP, and FMCP, respectively) are evaluated for static samples in anisotropic phases, such as peptides oriented in lipid environments. It is shown experimentally that both RACP and FMCP give rise to 20% higher polarized signal intensity in comparison to CWCP. The CP matching bandwidths for CWCP and RACP are about the same. Because of its adiabaticity, FMCP has a much broader CP matching bandwidth than CWCP and RACP. In addition, the 15N RF amplitude used at the center of the FMCP matching profile is much lower than that of the CWCP and RACP matching profiles. A sample of [15N]Leu4 labeled gramicidin A oriented in lipid bilayers was used to demonstrate these experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Magnetic Resonance is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DATA transmission systems KW - DIGITAL communications KW - AMPLITUDE modulation KW - MODULATION (Electronics) KW - Aligned lipid bilayers KW - Frequency modulated CP KW - Peptide KW - Ramped amplitude CP KW - Solid-state NMR N1 - Accession Number: 12780266; Kim, Hyeongnam 1,2 Cross, Timothy A. 1,2,3 Fu, Riqiang 1; Email Address: rfu@magnet.fsu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA 2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA 3: Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 168 Issue 1, p147; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Subject Term: MODULATION (Electronics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aligned lipid bilayers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency modulated CP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peptide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ramped amplitude CP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid-state NMR; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.02.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12780266&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dutilh, Bas E. AU - Huynen, Martijn A. AU - Bruno, William J. AU - Snel, Berend T1 - The Consistent Phylogenetic Signal in Genome Trees Revealed by Reducing the Impact of Noise. JO - Journal of Molecular Evolution JF - Journal of Molecular Evolution Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 58 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 527 EP - 539 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 00222844 AB - Phylogenetic trees based on gene repertoires are remarkably similar to the current consensus of life history. Yet it has been argued that shared gene content is unreliable for phylogenetic reconstruction because of convergence in gene content due to horizontal gene transfer and parallel gene loss. Here we test this argument, by filtering out as noise those orthologous groups that have an inconsistent phylogenetic distribution, using two independent methods. The resulting phylogenies do indeed contain small but significant improvements. More importantly, we find that the majority of orthologous groups contain some phylogenetic signal and that the resulting phylogeny is the only detectable signal present in the gene distribution across genomes. Horizontal gene transfer or parallel gene loss does not cause systematic biases in the gene content tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Evolution is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - PHYLOGENY KW - GENETIC transformation KW - EVOLUTION (Biology) KW - GENOMES KW - BIOLOGY KW - GENOMICS KW - Character weighting KW - Gene loss KW - Genome evolution KW - Genome phylogeny KW - Horizontal gene transfer KW - Thermophilic Bacteria N1 - Accession Number: 16766850; Dutilh, Bas E. 1; Email Address: dutilh@cmbi.kun.nl Huynen, Martijn A. 1 Bruno, William J. 2 Snel, Berend 1; Affiliation: 1: Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics/Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 2: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 58 Issue 5, p527; Subject Term: PHYLOGENY; Subject Term: GENETIC transformation; Subject Term: EVOLUTION (Biology); Subject Term: GENOMES; Subject Term: BIOLOGY; Subject Term: GENOMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Character weighting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genome evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genome phylogeny; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horizontal gene transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermophilic Bacteria; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s00239-003-2575-6 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16766850&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Okita, T. AU - Wolfer, W.G. T1 - A critical test of the classical rate theory for void swelling JO - Journal of Nuclear Materials JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 327 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 130 SN - 00223115 AB - Complete sets of microstructural data have recently become available for two different irradiation times and for pure ternary alloys of austenitic stainless steels. Using these data as input to the classical rate theory of void swelling, swelling rates are computed and compared with the experimental data. Computations are performed for the ranges of physical parameters as suggested by experimental measurements or basic theory. It is found that classical rate theory predicts swelling rates in remarkably good agreement with the data for a limited set of parameter values. For example, dislocation bias factor ratios can be narrowed from the initial range of 1.1–2.0 down to the range of 1.25–1.55. An explanation is provided for the success of classical rate theory in spite of the fact that a significant fraction of interstitials form and migrate as clusters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Nuclear Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 12743080; Okita, T.; Email Address: okita1@llnl.gov Wolfer, W.G. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550-0808, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 327 Issue 2/3, p130; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.01.026 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12743080&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heinisch, H.L. AU - Greenwood, L.R. AU - Weber, W.J. AU - Williford, R.E. T1 - Displacement damage in silicon carbide irradiated in fission reactors JO - Journal of Nuclear Materials JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 327 IS - 2/3 M3 - Article SP - 175 SN - 00223115 AB - Calculations are performed for displacement damage in SiC due to irradiation in the neutron environments of various types of nuclear reactors using the best available models and nuclear data. The displacement damage calculations use recently developed damage functions for SiC that are based on extensive molecular dynamics simulations of displacement events. Displacements per atom (DPA) cross sections for SiC have been calculated as a function of neutron energy, and they are presented here in tabular form to facilitate their use as the standard measure of displacement damage for irradiated SiC. DPA cross sections averaged over the neutron energy spectrum are calculated for neutron spectra in the cores of typical commercial reactors and in the test sample irradiation regions of several materials test reactors used in both past and present irradiation testing. Particular attention is focused on a next-generation high-temperature gas-cooled pebble bed reactor, for which the high-temperature properties of silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites are well suited. Calculated transmutations and activation levels in a pebble bed reactor are compared to those in other reactors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Nuclear Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) N1 - Accession Number: 12743086; Heinisch, H.L.; Email Address: hl.heinisch@pnl.gov Greenwood, L.R. 1 Weber, W.J. 1 Williford, R.E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 327 Issue 2/3, p175; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.02.012 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12743086&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yanxin Wang AU - Voy, Brynn Jones AU - Urs, Sumithra AU - Suyeon Kim AU - Soltani-Bejnood, Morvarid AU - Quiley, Neil AU - Young-Ran Heo AU - Standridge, Melissa AU - Andersen, Bret AU - Dhar, Madhu AU - Joshi, Rashika AU - Worthman, Patrick AU - Talor, James W. AU - Chun, Joseph AU - Leuze, Michael AU - Claycombe, Kate AU - Saxton, Arnold M. AU - Moustaid-Moussa, Naima T1 - The Human Fatty Acid Synthase Gene and De Novo Lipogenesis Are Coordinately Regulated in Human Adipose Tissue. JO - Journal of Nutrition JF - Journal of Nutrition Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 134 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1032 EP - 1038 SN - 00223166 AB - Polyphenolic components of green tea, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have potent anti-inflammatory properties. We previously showed that EGCG inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated activation of the nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB) pathway, partly through inhibition of IKB kinase (IKK). The NF-KB pathway may also be activated in response to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation through a distinct signal transduction pathway. We therefore hypothesized that EGCG inhibits IL-1β-mediated activation of the NF-KB pathway. Because the gene expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), the major human neutrophil chemoattractant, is dependent on activation of NF-KB, IL-8 gene expression in human lung epithelial (A549) cells treated with human IL-1β was used as a model of IL-1β signal transduction. The EGCG markedly inhibited IL-1β-mediated IL-1β receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) degradation and the signaling events downstream from IRAK degradation: IKK activation, IKBα degradation, and NF-KB activation. In addition, EGCG inhibited phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-KB. The functional consequence of this inhibition was evident by inhibition of IL-8 gene expression. Therefore, the green tea polyphenol EGCG is a potent inhibitor of IL-1β signal transduction in vitro. The proximal mechanisms of this effect involve inhibition of IRAK-dependent signaling and phosphorylation of p65. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FATTY acids KW - LINOLEIC acid KW - INSULIN KW - GENES KW - TUMOR necrosis factor KW - ADIPOSE tissues KW - chemokines KW - inflammation KW - polyphenols KW - signal transduction KW - transcription factors N1 - Accession Number: 13228391; Yanxin Wang 1 Voy, Brynn Jones 2 Urs, Sumithra 1 Suyeon Kim 1 Soltani-Bejnood, Morvarid 1 Quiley, Neil 1 Young-Ran Heo 1 Standridge, Melissa 1 Andersen, Bret 1 Dhar, Madhu 2 Joshi, Rashika 1 Worthman, Patrick 1 Talor, James W. 3 Chun, Joseph 3 Leuze, Michael 4 Claycombe, Kate 5 Saxton, Arnold M. 6 Moustaid-Moussa, Naima 1; Email Address: moustaid@utk.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Nutrition and Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920 2: Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 3: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 4: Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 5: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 6: Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 134 Issue 5, p1032; Subject Term: FATTY acids; Subject Term: LINOLEIC acid; Subject Term: INSULIN; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: TUMOR necrosis factor; Subject Term: ADIPOSE tissues; Author-Supplied Keyword: chemokines; Author-Supplied Keyword: inflammation; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyphenols; Author-Supplied Keyword: signal transduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: transcription factors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13228391&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pannell, Michael A. AU - Brandt, Michael T. AU - Boatright, Daniel T. T1 - A Field Evaluation of the Predictive Value of a Hand-Held Drum Pressure Detection Device. JO - Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene JF - Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 1 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 319 EP - 323 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd SN - 15459624 AB - According to Environmental Protection Agency estimates, 20% of hazardous waste drums currently managed in the 6500 known, uncontrolled Superfund removal or remediation sites contain some degree of elevated internal pressurization. This estimate increases to 90% during the summer months, and, overall, up to 5% of the drums stored in active treatment, storage, and disposal facilities may be pressurized. The ability to identify pressurized drums in real-time would enhance worker health and safety, reduce the potential for environmental contamination, and minimize property damage. A prototype hand-held drum pressure detection device was field tested at an active Resource Conservation and Recovery Act mixed waste operation using acoustic resonance spectroscopy technology to identify pressurized drums. The waste operation used a drum venting system that measured the actual drum pressure of retrieved drums. Drum venting system data were analyzed to quantify the ability of the drum pressure detection device to correctly identify drums with elevated internal pressure. After 456 drums were measured, the dichotomous pressure data (pressurized vs. nonpressurized) were analyzed. The relationship between the drum venting system and drum pressure detection device pressure data was found to be statistically significant. With alpha and beta values of 0.05, the negative predictive value was 0.94, the positive predictive value was 0.47, the sensitivity was 0.82, and the specificity was 0.77. Although capable of identifying nonpressurized drums, this instrument may not be appropriate for general use. Study results and critical improvements necessary to improve the instrument's predictive value, specificity, and sensitivity are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Environmental remediation KW - Environmental protection KW - Industrial hygiene KW - Industrial safety KW - United States KW - acoustic resonance spectroscopy KW - drum pressure prediction KW - drum pressurization KW - United States. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Accession Number: 13238940; Pannell, Michael A. 1; Email Address: mikep@lanl.gov; Brandt, Michael T. 1; Boatright, Daniel T. 2; Affiliations: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 2: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 1 Issue 5, p319; Thesaurus Term: Hazardous wastes; Thesaurus Term: Environmental remediation; Thesaurus Term: Environmental protection; Thesaurus Term: Industrial hygiene; Thesaurus Term: Industrial safety; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: acoustic resonance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: drum pressure prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: drum pressurization ; Company/Entity: United States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562112 Hazardous Waste Collection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562110 Waste collection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=13238940&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sorescu, Monica AU - Diamandescu, L. AU - Tarabasanu-Mihaila, D. AU - Teodorescu, V.S. AU - Howard, B.H. T1 - Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of (1−x)α-Fe2O3–xSnO2 nanoparticles JO - Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids JF - Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 65 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1021 SN - 00223697 AB - Structural and morphological characteristics of (1−x)α-Fe2O3–xSnO2(x=0.0–1.0) nanoparticles obtained under hydrothermal conditions have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray analysis. On the basis of the Rietveld structure refinements of the XRD spectra at low tin concentrations, it was found that Sn4+ ions partially substitute for Fe3+ at the octahedral sites and also occupy the interstitial octahedral sites which are vacant in α-Fe2O3 corundum structure. A phase separation of α-Fe2O3 and SnO2 was observed forx≥0.4: the α-Fe2O3 structure containing tin decreases simultaneously with the increase of the SnO2 phase containing substitutional iron ions. The mean particle dimension decreases from 70 to 6 nm, as the molar fractionx increases up tox=1.0. The estimated solubility limits in the nanoparticle system (1−x)α-Fe2O3–xSnO2 synthesized under hydrothermal conditions are:x≤0.2 for Sn4+ in α-Fe2O3 andx≥0.7 for Fe3+ in SnO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NANOPARTICLES KW - MICROSCOPY KW - OPTICAL diffraction KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - A. Magnetic materials KW - B. Chemical synthesis KW - C. Mössbauer spectroscopy KW - C. X-ray diffraction N1 - Accession Number: 12433270; Sorescu, Monica 1; Email Address: sorescu@duq.edu Diamandescu, L. 1,2 Tarabasanu-Mihaila, D. 2 Teodorescu, V.S. 2 Howard, B.H. 3; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, 211 Bayer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-0321, USA 2: National Institute for Materials Physics, P.O. Box MG-7, Bucharest, Romania 3: National Energy Technology Laboratory, Fuels and Process Chemistry Division, US Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 65 Issue 5, p1021; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Magnetic materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Chemical synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Mössbauer spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. X-ray diffraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.10.062 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12433270&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Johnston, Roger G. T1 - Adversarial safety analysis: Borrowing the methods of security vulnerability assessments JO - Journal of Safety Research JF - Journal of Safety Research Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 35 IS - 3 M3 - Editorial SP - 245 EP - 248 SN - 00224375 AB - Introduction: Safety and security share numerous attributes. The author, who heads the (Security) Vulnerability Assessment Team at Los Alamos National Laboratory, therefore argues that techniques used to optimize security might be useful for optimizing safety. Optimizing Security: There are three main ways to attempt to improve security—security surveys, risk assessment (or “design basis threat”), and vulnerability assessments. The latter is usually the most effective. Safety Analogs: Vulnerability assessment techniques used to improve security can be applied to safety analysis—even though safety is not ordinarily viewed as having malicious adversaries (other than hazards involving deliberate sabotage). Thinking like a malicious adversary can nevertheless have benefits in identifying safety vulnerabilities. Suggestions: The attributes of an effective safety vulnerability assessment are discussed, and recommendations are offered for how such an adversarial assessment might work. Conclusion: A safety vulnerability assessment can potentially provide new insights, a fresh and vivid perspective on safety hazards, and increased safety awareness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Safety Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Research KW - Laboratories KW - Psychology of safety KW - Safety evaluations KW - Security KW - Vulnerability assessment N1 - Accession Number: 14109393; Johnston, Roger G. 1; Email Address: rogerj@lanl.gov; Affiliations: 1: Vulnerability Assessment Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p245; Thesaurus Term: Risk assessment; Thesaurus Term: Safety; Thesaurus Term: Research; Subject Term: Laboratories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Psychology of safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety evaluations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Security; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vulnerability assessment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621511 Medical Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541940 Veterinary Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.013 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=14109393&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hendron, Robert AU - Farrar-Nagy, Sara AU - Anderson, Ren AU - Reeves, Paul AU - Hancock, Ed T1 - Thermal Performance of Unvented Attics of Hot-Dry Climates: Results from Building America. JO - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 126 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 732 EP - 737 SN - 01996231 AB - As unvented attics have become a more common design feature implemented by Building America partners in hot-dry climates of the United States, more attention has been focused on how this approach affects heating and cooling energy consumption. By eliminating the ridge and eave vents that circulate outside air through the attic in most new houses and by moving the insulation from the attic floor to the underside of the roof, an unvented attic becomes a semiconditioned space, creating a more benign environment for space conditioning ducts. An energy trade-off is made, however, because the additional surface area (and perhaps reduced insulation thickness) increases the building loss coefficient. Other advantages and disadvantages, unrelated to energy, must also be considered. This paper addresses the energy-related effects of unvented attics in hot-dry climates based on field testing and analysis conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Solar Energy Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ATTICS KW - VENTILATION KW - ARCHITECTURE & climate KW - ENERGY consumption KW - AIR conditioning KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 13230775; Hendron, Robert 1 Farrar-Nagy, Sara 1 Anderson, Ren 1 Reeves, Paul 2 Hancock, Ed 3; Affiliation: 1: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401-3393 2: Partnership for Resource Conservation, 1221 Pearl Street, Boulder, CO 80302 3: Mountain Energy Partnership, 815 Alpine Ave. #6, Boulder, CO 80304; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 126 Issue 2, p732; Subject Term: ATTICS; Subject Term: VENTILATION; Subject Term: ARCHITECTURE & climate; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: AIR conditioning; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1115/1.1687795 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13230775&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barley, C. Dennis AU - Torcellini, Paul AU - van Geet, Otto T1 - Design and Performance of the Van Geet Off-Grid Home. JO - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 126 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 738 EP - 743 SN - 01996231 AB - The Van Geet home near Denver, Colorado, demonstrates the successful integration of energy conservation measures and renewable energy supply in a beautiful, comfortable, energy-efficient, 295-m² (3,176-ft²) off-grid home in a cold, sunny climate. Features include a tight envelope, energy-efficient appliances, passive solar heating (direct gain and Trombe wall), natural cooling, solar hot water, and photovoltaics. In addition to describing this house and its performance, this paper describes the recommended design process of (1) setting a goal for energy efficiency at the outset, (2) applying rules of thumb, and (3) using computer simulation to fine-tune the design. Performance monitoring and computer simulation are combined for the best possible analysis of energy performance. In this case, energy savings are estimated as 89% heating and cooling (compared to 95 MEC), 83% electrical, and nearly 100% domestic water heating. The heating and cooling energy use is 8.96 kJ/°C · day · m² (0.44 Btu/°F ·day · fft²). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Solar Energy Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DWELLINGS -- Energy conservation KW - ENERGY consumption KW - DESIGN KW - SOLAR heating KW - DENVER (Colo.) KW - COLORADO KW - UNITED States N1 - Accession Number: 13230776; Barley, C. Dennis 1 Torcellini, Paul 1 van Geet, Otto 1; Affiliation: 1: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd. MS 2722, Golden, Colorado 80401; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 126 Issue 2, p738; Subject Term: DWELLINGS -- Energy conservation; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: SOLAR heating; Subject Term: DENVER (Colo.); Subject Term: COLORADO; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1115/1.1644560 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13230776&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yonker, Clement R. AU - Linehan, John C. T1 - A high-pressure NMR investigation of reaction chemistries in a simple salt hydrate JO - Journal of Supercritical Fluids JF - Journal of Supercritical Fluids Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 29 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 257 SN - 08968446 AB - Ionic liquids are currently being used in combination with supercritical fluids for catalytic reactions due to the ease of extraction of reaction products by fluids from such bi-phasic systems. In this investigation we report interesting chemistry involving a simple salt hydrate, tetramethylammonium fluoride tetrahydrate, [(CH3)4N]F·4H2O, as a neat melt and dissolved in methanol in contact with supercritical and subcritical CO2. This hydrate is proposed as a simulant for more complex ionic liquids, to investigate any potential secondary reaction chemistry in these solvent systems with carbon dioxide. Evidence is presented for the formation of methylcarbonate, CH3O(C&z.dbnd6;O)O−, and fluoromethane, CH3F, in solution when the salt hydrate is in contact with methanol and CO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of Supercritical Fluids is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FLUIDS KW - MECHANICS (Physics) KW - CARBON dioxide KW - FLUID mechanics KW - High-pressure NMR KW - Ionic liquid KW - Methylcarbonate KW - Salt hydrate KW - Supercritical fluids N1 - Accession Number: 12839664; Yonker, Clement R.; Email Address: clem.yonker@pnl.gov Linehan, John C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p257; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-pressure NMR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionic liquid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methylcarbonate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salt hydrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supercritical fluids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0896-8446(03)00089-5 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12839664&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marcus, Matthew A. AU - MacDowell, Alastair A. AU - Celestre, Richard AU - Manceau, Alain AU - Miller, Tom AU - Padmore, Howard A. AU - Sublett, Robert E. T1 - Beamline 10.3.2 ALS: a hard X-ray microprobe for environmental and materials sciences. JO - Journal of Synchrotron Radiation JF - Journal of Synchrotron Radiation Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 11 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 239 EP - 247 SN - 09090495 AB - Beamline 10.3.2 at the ALS is a bend-magnet line designed mostly for work on environmental problems involving heavy-metal speciation and location. It offers a unique combination of X-ray fluorescence mapping, X-ray microspectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction. The optics allow the user to trade spot size for flux in a size range of 5-17 µm in an energy range of 3-17 keV. The focusing uses a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror pair to image a variable-size virtual source onto the sample. Thus, the user can reduce the effective size of the source, thereby reducing the spot size on the sample, at the cost of flux. This decoupling from the actual source also allows for some independence from source motion. The X-ray fluorescence mapping is performed with a continuously scanning stage which avoids the time overhead incurred by step-and-repeat mapping schemes. The special features of this beamline are described, and some scientific results shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - X-ray microscopy KW - HEAVY metals KW - MAGNETS KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - MICROSCOPY KW - SPECTRUM analysis KW - microfluorescence KW - microspectroscopy KW - X-ray instrumentation N1 - Accession Number: 13235540; Marcus, Matthew A. 1; Email Address: mamarcus@lbl.gov MacDowell, Alastair A. 1 Celestre, Richard 1 Manceau, Alain 2 Miller, Tom 1 Padmore, Howard A. 1 Sublett, Robert E. 1; Affiliation: 1: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA 2: Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT, Universtiy J. Fourier and CNRS, France; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p239; Subject Term: X-ray microscopy; Subject Term: HEAVY metals; Subject Term: MAGNETS; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: microfluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: microspectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray instrumentation; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1107/S0909049504005837 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13235540&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Geller, D. A. AU - Swift, G. W. T1 - Thermoacoustic enrichment of the isotopes of neon. JO - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America JF - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 115 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 2059 EP - 2070 SN - 00014966 AB - The enrichment of the neon isotopes in a thermoacoustic device is demonstrated. Because the thermal diffusion ratio of neon is small, an apparatus longer than a wavelength was necessary in order to easily observe the separation. The device was modular and extensible, so that arbitrarily large separations could in principle be obtained. The acoustic duct was a series of multiple, identical quarter-wavelength modules with side-branch drivers. In this way, waveforms close to that of a traveling wave were maintained in the duct, despite the high acoustic attenuation caused by the duct's small diameter and large length. The concentrations of the isotopes were measured at one end of the duct using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. For the operating frequency of 227 Hz, the maximum separation gradient obtained was 0.43%/m, and mole fluxes at zero gradient as high as 3 nmol/s were observed. Effects of turbulence, though not observed, are also discussed, and the scaling properties of this method are compared with those of traditional mixture-separation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ISOTOPES KW - NEON KW - SOUND KW - WAVELENGTHS KW - PHYSICS instruments N1 - Accession Number: 20827414; Geller, D. A. 1 Swift, G. W. 1; Affiliation: 1: Condensed Matter and Thermal Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 115 Issue 5, p2059; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: NEON; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: PHYSICS instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1121/1.1687831 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20827414&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bartolomé, J.F. AU - Díaz, M. AU - Moya, J.S. AU - Saiz, E. AU - Tomsia, A.P. T1 - Mullite/Mo interfaces formed by intrusion bonding JO - Journal of the European Ceramic Society JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 24 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 785 SN - 09552219 AB - The microstructure and strength of Mo/mullite interfaces formed by diffusion bonding at 1650 °C has been analyzed. Interfacial metal–ceramic interlocking contributes to flexural strength of ∼140 MPa as measured by three-point bending. Saturation of mullite with MoO2 does not affect the interfacial strength. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MULLITE KW - SILICATE minerals KW - DIFFUSION KW - SOLUTION (Chemistry) KW - FRACTURE mechanics KW - MICROSTRUCTURE KW - INTERFACES (Physical sciences) KW - Diffusion bonding KW - Fracture KW - Interfaces KW - Microstructure KW - Mullite/Mo N1 - Accession Number: 11321275; Bartolomé, J.F. 1 Díaz, M. 1 Moya, J.S. 1 Saiz, E. 2; Email Address: esaiz@lbl.gov Tomsia, A.P. 2; Affiliation: 1: lnstituto de Ciencia de Materiales—CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain 2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p785; Subject Term: MULLITE; Subject Term: SILICATE minerals; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mullite/Mo; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00339-X UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11321275&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - de Arellano-López, A.R. AU - Martínez-Fernández, J. AU - Varela-Feria, F.M. AU - Orlova, T.S. AU - Goretta, K.C. AU - Gutierrez-Mora, F. AU - Chen, Nan AU - Routbort, J.L. T1 - Erosion and strength degradation of biomorphic SiC JO - Journal of the European Ceramic Society JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 24 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 861 SN - 09552219 AB - Solid-particle-erosion studies were conducted on biomorphic SiC based on eucalyptus and pine, reaction-bonded (RB) SiC, and hot-pressed (HP) SiC. The erodents were angular SiC abrasives of average diameter 63, 143, or 390 μm and the impact velocity was 100 m s−1. Impact occurred at normal incidence. Material loss in all targets occurred by brittle fracture. The biomorphic specimens eroded by formation of both lateral and radial cracks and their erosion rates were higher than both conventional SiCs. The RB SiC eroded as a classic brittle material, by formation and propagation of lateral cracks. The HP SiC, the hardest target, was the most erosion resistant. In erosion of the HP SiC, the abrasive particles, especially the largest ones, fragmented upon impact. The resulting dissipation of energy led to relatively low erosion rates. Flexural strength before and after erosion was measured for the biomorphic eucalyptus, RB SiC, and HP SiC. Erosion damage reduced the flexural strengths of all of the specimens. The relative strength reductions were lowest for the biomorphic eucalyptus and highest for the HP SiC. The hot-pressed SiC responded as predicted by accepted models of impact damage in brittle solids. The responses of the biomorphic and reaction-bonded SiC specimens were modeled as if they consisted of only SiC and porosity. This approximation agreed reasonably well with observed degradations of strength. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - BIODEGRADATION KW - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry) KW - SILICON carbide KW - CARBIDES KW - EUCALYPTUS KW - PINE KW - Biomorphic materials KW - Erosion KW - Microstructure KW - Porosity KW - SiC KW - Strength KW - Wood N1 - Accession Number: 11321286; de Arellano-López, A.R. 1; Email Address: aral@us.es Martínez-Fernández, J. 1 Varela-Feria, F.M. 1 Orlova, T.S. 2 Goretta, K.C. 3 Gutierrez-Mora, F. 3 Chen, Nan 3 Routbort, J.L. 3; Affiliation: 1: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, PO Box 1065, E-41080 Seville, Spain 2: Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia 3: Energy Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439-4838, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p861; Subject Term: BIODEGRADATION; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CARBIDES; Subject Term: EUCALYPTUS; Subject Term: PINE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomorphic materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wood; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00321-2 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11321286&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mulholland, Patrick J. AU - Valett, H. Maurice AU - Webster, Jackson R. AU - Thomas, Steven A. AU - Cooper, Lee W. AU - Hamilton, Stephen K. AU - Peterson, Bruce J. T1 - Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field 15 tracer addition approach. JO - Limnology & Oceanography JF - Limnology & Oceanography Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 49 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 809 EP - 820 SN - 00243590 AB - We measured denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates in a small stream (East Fork of Walker Branch in eastern Tennessee) using a new field 15N tracer addition and modeling approach that quantifies these rates for entire stream reaches. The field experiment consisted of an 8-h addition of 99 atom% K15NO3 and a conservative solute tracer. Two 15N tracer addition experiments were performed on consecutive days, the first under ambient NO3- concentrations (23 µg N L-1) and the second with a NO3- addition of approximately 500 µg N L-1. We fit first-order NO3- uptake and two-box denitrification models to the longitudinal measurements of tracer 15N in dissolved NO3- N2, and N2O in stream water to determine rates. Total NO3- uptake rates were 0.028 m-1 (0.32 µg N m-2s-1) and 0.01 m-1(1.6 µg N m-2s-1) under ambient NO3- and with NO- addition, respectively. Denitrification rates were 0.0046 m-1 (uncertainty range of 0.002 to 0.008 m-1) and 9 x 10-5 m-1 (uncertainty range of 3 x 10-5 to 21 x 10-5 m- 1) under ambient NO3- and with NO3- addition, respectively. Denitrification resulted almost exclusively in N2 production (>99%) and comprised about 16% (±10%) of total NO3- uptake rate under ambient NO3- concentrations and about 1% (±1%) of total NO3- uptake rate with NO3- addition. Denitrification rate expressed on a mass flux basis was about 12 µmol m-2... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Limnology & Oceanography is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DENITRIFICATION KW - NITRATES KW - FIELD work (Research) KW - GROUNDWATER tracers KW - RIVERS N1 - Accession Number: 13633793; Mulholland, Patrick J. 1; Email Address: mulhollandpj@ornl.gov Valett, H. Maurice 2 Webster, Jackson R. 2 Thomas, Steven A. 2,3 Cooper, Lee W. 4 Hamilton, Stephen K. 5 Peterson, Bruce J. 6; Affiliation: 1: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036 2: Department of Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 3: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-2701 4: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 5: W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060-9516 6: Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p809; Subject Term: DENITRIFICATION; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: FIELD work (Research); Subject Term: GROUNDWATER tracers; Subject Term: RIVERS; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13633793&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moré, Jorge J. AU - Munson, Todd S. T1 - Computing mountain passes and transition states. JO - Mathematical Programming JF - Mathematical Programming Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 100 IS - 1 M3 - Article SP - 151 EP - 182 PB - Springer Science & Business Media B.V. SN - 00255610 AB - The mountain-pass theorem guarantees the existence of a critical point on a path that connects two points separated by a sufficiently high barrier. We propose the elastic string algorithm for computing mountain passes in finite-dimensional problems and analyze the convergence properties and numerical performance of this algorithm for benchmark problems in chemistry and discretizations of infinite-dimensional variational problems. We show that any limit point of the elastic string algorithm is a path that crosses a critical point at which the Hessian matrix is not positive definite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Mathematical Programming is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MOUNTAIN pass theorem KW - ALGORITHMS KW - COMPUTER programming KW - HESSIAN fly KW - MATRICES KW - CRITICAL point theory (Mathematical analysis) N1 - Accession Number: 12735857; Moré, Jorge J. 1; Email Address: more@mcs.anl.gov Munson, Todd S. 2; Email Address: tmunson@mcs.anl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 2: Munson: Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 100 Issue 1, p151; Subject Term: MOUNTAIN pass theorem; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: HESSIAN fly; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: CRITICAL point theory (Mathematical analysis); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s10107-003-0489-0 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12735857&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Winters, S. E. AU - Chung, J. H. AU - Velinsky, S. A. T1 - Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Deformable Mirror. JO - Mechanics Based Design of Structures & Machines JF - Mechanics Based Design of Structures & Machines Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 32 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 195 EP - 213 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd SN - 15397734 AB - This article concerns the modeling and control of a deformable mirror. A dynamic model was derived and verified experimentally for the development of a surface shape-control approach. The model developed was reduced for realistic controller design based on the symmetrical structure of the mirror system but included the compliance components and the first natural mode of the system. Then, multi-input multi-output controllers were designed based on a classical method and the H∞ optimal control method. Simulations demonstrated the superior performance of the H∞ controller in terms of robustness and disturbance rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Mechanics Based Design of Structures & Machines is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - MIRRORS KW - SYMMETRY KW - SIMULATION methods & models KW - ROBUST control KW - adaptive optics KW - robust control KW - surface shape control N1 - Accession Number: 12773352; Winters, S. E. 1 Chung, J. H. 2 Velinsky, S. A. 3; Email Address: savelinsky@ucdavis.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California, USA 2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA 3: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p195; Subject Term: MIRRORS; Subject Term: SYMMETRY; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust control; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface shape control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423220 Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414390 Other home furnishings merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1081/SME-120030557 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12773352&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Narang, R. AU - Dunbar, J. T1 - Modeling Bacterial Species Abundance from Small Community Surveys. JO - Microbial Ecology JF - Microbial Ecology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 47 IS - 4 M3 - Article SP - 396 EP - 406 SN - 00953628 AB - Taxon abundance patterns are a central focus in evolution and ecology, providing the basic architecture of natural assemblages and potential clues to their formative processes. To better interpret species abundance patterns in natural microbial communities, we examined the consequences of three fundamental types of abundance patterns--uniform, geometric, and lognormal distributions. Theoretical communities were constructed based on the three pattern types with 2000 to 20,000 species and 107 to 1010 individuals. The "dominant" species (species 1) among models that differed only in pattern type generally varied in abundance by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. At the extremes among all the models examined, the dominant species comprised as much as 16% and as little as 0.005% of the total community. Analysis of the models and comparison with seven published surveys suggests that entire soil bacterial communities do not routinely exhibit Preston's cannonical subset of lognormal distributions. Use of the models to evaluate survey limitations showed that common diversity indices are generally sensitive to sample size over the range (50 to 200 clones) commonly used for microbial communities, emphasizing the need to compare surveys of similar size. The results collectively demonstrate that uniform, geometric, and lognormal distributions have profoundly different experimental and ecological consequences. Further, defined abundance models provide a simple quantitative tool for evaluating abundance patterns in clone libraries (even small ones) from natural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ECOLOGY KW - SURVEYS KW - EVOLUTION (Biology) KW - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences KW - BACTERIA N1 - Accession Number: 13864247; Narang, R. 1 Dunbar, J. 1; Email Address: dunbar@lanl.gov; Affiliation: 1: Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p396; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: EVOLUTION (Biology); Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1007/s00248-003-1026-7 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13864247&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lamerdin, Jane E. AU - Yamada, Nazumi A. AU - George, James W. AU - Souza, Brian AU - Christian, Allen T. AU - Jones, Nigel J. AU - Thompson, Larry H. T1 - Characterization of the hamster FancG/Xrcc9 gene and mutations in CHO UV40 and NM3†. JO - Mutagenesis JF - Mutagenesis Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 19 IS - 3 M3 - Article SP - 237 EP - 244 PB - Oxford University Press / USA SN - 02678357 AB - The human FANCG/XRCC9 gene, which is defective in Fanconi anemia complementation group G (FA‐G) cells, was first cloned by genetic complementation of the mitomycin C (MMC) sensitivity of CHO mutant UV40. The CHO NM3 mutant was subsequently assigned to the same complementation group. The parental AA8 CHO cells are hemizygous at the FancG locus, and we identified frameshift mutations that result in N‐terminal truncations of the protein in both UV40 and NM3. Hypersensitivity to DNA cross‐linking agents, such as MMC, typically characterizes FA cells. By introducing the native CHO FancG gene into mutant NM3, we demonstrate that hamster FancG fully corrects the 3‐fold sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as well as the 10‐fold sensitivity to MMC, whereas resistance to ionizing radiation did not increase appreciably. In contrast, hamster cDNA transformants showed incomplete correction for both MMC and MMS sensitivity. The constitutively expressed FancG protein is present in the cytoplasmic, nuclear and chromatin fractions. FancG protein levels and subcellular localization do not change appreciably as a function of cell cycle position. Our results are consistent with roles of FancG in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments to maintain genomic stability in response to various genotoxic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Mutagenesis is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - Animal models in research KW - Transgenic animals KW - Genetic toxicology KW - Animal mutation KW - Hamsters as laboratory animals KW - Toxicology -- Animal models KW - Molecular cloning KW - Methyl methanesulfonate N1 - Accession Number: 20122139; Lamerdin, Jane E. 1; Yamada, Nazumi A. 1; George, James W. 1; Souza, Brian 1; Christian, Allen T. 1; Jones, Nigel J. 2; Thompson, Larry H. 1; Email Address: thompson14@llnl.gov; Affiliations: 1: BBR Program, L441, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550-0808, USA; 2: School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p237; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Animal models in research; Thesaurus Term: Transgenic animals; Thesaurus Term: Genetic toxicology; Subject Term: Animal mutation; Subject Term: Hamsters as laboratory animals; Subject Term: Toxicology -- Animal models; Subject Term: Molecular cloning; Subject Term: Methyl methanesulfonate; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1093/mutage/geh019 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=20122139&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reboredo AU - F. A. AU - Pizzagalli AU - L. AU - Galli AU - G. T1 - Computational Engineering of the Stability and Optical Gaps of SiC Quantum Dots. JO - Nano Letters JF - Nano Letters Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 4 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 801 EP - 804 SN - 15306984 AB - We have carried out an ab initio computational study of SiC nanoparticles with diameters between 1 and 3 nm. Our calculations show that surface composition and termination play a dominant role in determining the optical gaps and thermodynamic stability of these nanoparticles. In particular, we find that the optical gap of cubic SiC dots can be engineered as a function of their size and surface composition to obtain absorption and emission from the UV to the green. Our results suggest that SiC nanoparticles may be used to build new materials for semiconductor-based UV light sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ENGINEERING KW - QUANTUM dots KW - SEMICONDUCTORS KW - NANOPARTICLES N1 - Accession Number: 13131202; Reboredo F. A. 1 Pizzagalli L. 1 Galli G. 1; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, and Universitéde Poitiers, 86960 Futuroscope, Cedex, France; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p801; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13131202&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rocquefelte AU - X. AU - Rignanese AU - G.-M. AU - Meunier AU - V. AU - Terrones AU - H. AU - M. AU - Charlier AU - J.-C. T1 - How to Identify Haeckelite Structures: A Theoretical Study of Their Electronic and Vibrational Properties. JO - Nano Letters JF - Nano Letters Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 4 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 805 EP - 810 SN - 15306984 AB - First-principles (FP) calculations of the electronic and vibrational properties of three different Haeckelite structures have been performed. The relatively low cohesive energies (when compared to C60) of these phases suggest the possible synthesis of such novel carbon arrangements. In agreement with previous tight-binding calculations (Terrones, H.; Terrones, M.; Hernandèz, E.; Grobert, N.; Charlier, J.-C.; Ajayan, P. M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 84, 1716), the Haeckelite structures exhibit a clear metallic behavior. In addition, within the ab initio framework, we predict the IR and Raman frequencies, which constitute the fingerprint of their structure and allow for their unambiguous identification. STM images and quantum conductances of various tubular Haeckelite structures are also calculated within a tight-binding framework. The three investigated Haeckelite structures are shown to be good candidates of conducting wires with great potential in nanoelectronics. The results presented here provide a catalog of properties that will aid in the identification of other Haeckelite structures as well as carbon systems containing pentagonal and heptagonal defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - CARBON KW - METALS KW - RESEARCH KW - TERRONES, H. N1 - Accession Number: 13131203; Rocquefelte X. 1 Rignanese G.-M. 1 Meunier V. 1 Terrones H. 1 M. 1 Charlier J.-C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Unité de Physico-Chimie et de Physique des Matériaux (PCPM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, Research Center on Microscopic and Nanoscopic Electronic Devices and Materials (CERMIN), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Advanced Materials Department, IPICYT, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2425-A, San Luis Potosí 78210, México; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p805; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; People: TERRONES, H.; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13131203&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bachand AU - G. D. AU - Rivera AU - S. B. AU - Boal AU - A. K. AU - Gaudioso AU - J. AU - Liu AU - Bunker AU - B. C. T1 - Assembly and Transport of Nanocrystal CdSe Quantum Dot Nanocomposites Using Microtubules and Kinesin Motor Proteins. JO - Nano Letters JF - Nano Letters Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 4 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 817 EP - 821 SN - 15306984 AB - Nature has evolved dynamic, non-equilibrium mechanisms for assembling hierarchical complexes of nanomaterials. A critical element to many of these assembly mechanisms involves the active and directed transport of materials by biomolecular motor proteins such as kinesin. In the present work, nanocrystal quantum dots (nQDs) were assembled and organized using microtubule (MT) filaments as nanoscale scaffolds. nQD density and localization were systematically evaluated by varying the concentration and distribution of functional groups within the MT structure. Confining nQD attachment to a central region within the MT enabled unaffected interaction with kinesin necessary to support active transport of nQD-MT composites. This active transport system will be further refined to control the optical properties of a surface by regulating the collective organization of nQD-MT composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NANOCRYSTALS KW - QUANTUM dots KW - SEMICONDUCTORS KW - PROTEINS N1 - Accession Number: 13131205; Bachand G. D. 1 Rivera S. B. 1 Boal A. K. 1 Gaudioso J. 1 Liu Bunker B. C. 1; Affiliation: 1: Biomolecular Materials and Interfaces, Chemical Synthesis and Nanomaterials, and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p817; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: PROTEINS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13131205&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rolandi AU - M. AU - Suez AU - I. AU - Dai AU - H. AU - Frechet AU - J. M. J. T1 - Dendrimer Monolayers as Negative and Positive Tone Resists for Scanning Probe Lithography. JO - Nano Letters JF - Nano Letters Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 4 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 889 EP - 893 SN - 15306984 AB - A new scanning probe lithography scheme based on a self-assembled dendrimer monolayer on thin Ti films is presented. The method relies on the versatility of the functionalized dendrimer molecules to effectively function as etch resists by forming a densely packed self-assembled protective monolayer on a Ti film. Patterning of the Ti surface is accomplished using an AFM tip either as an ultra sharp scribe or as an electrical field point source to modify the monolayer. This, coupled to carefully selected etching conditions, allows the use of the dendrimer monolayers as both negative and positive tone resists. Facile formation of TiO2 features ca. 25 nm wide and 12 nm tall on silicon oxide and ca. 50 nm wide gaps in a thin Ti film can easily be achieved. The dendrimer resist approach can be further developed in order to improve the minimum feature size to the single dendrimer molecule level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - LITHOGRAPHY KW - DENDRIMERS KW - SILICON oxide KW - TITANIUM N1 - Accession Number: 13131222; Rolandi M. 1 Suez I. 1 Dai H. 1 Frechet J. M. J. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 and Division of Material Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p889; Subject Term: LITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: DENDRIMERS; Subject Term: SILICON oxide; Subject Term: TITANIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13131222&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zaziski AU - D. AU - Prilliman AU - S. AU - Scher AU - E. C. AU - Casula AU - M. AU - Wickham AU - J. AU - Clark AU - S. M. AU - Alivisatos AU - A. P. T1 - Critical Size for Fracture during Solid-Solid Phase Transformations. JO - Nano Letters JF - Nano Letters Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 4 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 943 EP - 946 SN - 15306984 AB - The study of nanoscale materials with well-controlled size and shape can be used to learn more about critical length scales for numerous physical and chemical phenomena in solids and extended systems.1,2 Small nanocrystals (below 5-nm diameter) have been shown to exhibit fully reversible single-domain structural phase transformations with large volume changes over multiple cycles. The same transformations in extended solids are accompanied by irreversible domain formation.3-5 Here we investigate the crossover between these regimes by studying a pressure-induced structural transformation in 4-nm-diameter nanorods varying in aspect ratio from 1 to 10. We find that above a critical length the nanorods fracture at the moment of the structural transformation. This work demonstrates the use of simple, well-defined nanoscale systems to examine fundamental structural phenomena found in extended solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - SOLIDS KW - NANOCRYSTALS KW - PRESSURE KW - NANOPARTICLES N1 - Accession Number: 13131232; Zaziski D. 1 Prilliman S. 1 Scher E. C. 1 Casula M. 1 Wickham J. 1 Clark S. M. 1 Alivisatos A. P. 1; Affiliation: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Nanosys, Inc., 2625 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, California 94304, and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p943; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13131232&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barac, Tanja AU - Taghavi, Safiyh AU - Borremans, Brigitte AU - Provoost, Ann AU - Oeyen, Licy AU - Colpaert, Jan V. AU - Vangronsveld, Jaco AU - van der Lelie, Daniel T1 - Engineered endophytic bacteria improve phytoremediation of water-soluble, volatile, organic pollutants. JO - Nature Biotechnology JF - Nature Biotechnology Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 22 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 583 EP - 588 SN - 10870156 AB - Phytoremediation of highly water soluble and volatile organic xenobiotics is often inefficient because plants do not completely degrade these compounds through their rhizospheres. This results in phytotoxicity and/or volatilization of chemicals through the leaves, which can cause additional environmental problems. We demonstrate that endophytic bacteria equipped with the appropriate degradation pathway improve the in planta degradation of toluene. We introduced the pTOM toluene-degradation plasmid of Burkholderia cepacia G4 into B. cepacia L.S.2.4, a natural endophyte of yellow lupine. After surface-sterilized lupine seeds were successfully inoculated with the recombinant strain, the engineered endophytic bacteria strongly degraded toluene, resulting in a marked decrease in its phytotoxicity, and a 50-70% reduction of its evapotranspiration through the leaves. This strategy promises to improve the efficiency of phytoremediating volatile organic contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Nature Biotechnology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - Phytoremediation KW - Phytotoxicity KW - Xenobiotics KW - Lupines KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Toluene N1 - Accession Number: 13008907; Barac, Tanja 1; Taghavi, Safiyh 2,3; Borremans, Brigitte 2; Provoost, Ann 2; Oeyen, Licy 1; Colpaert, Jan V. 1; Vangronsveld, Jaco 1; van der Lelie, Daniel 2,3; Email Address: vdlelied@bnl.gov; Affiliations: 1: Limburgs Universitair Centrum (LUC), Department of Environmental Biology, Universitaire Campus building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.; 2: Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Technology Expertise Center, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.; 3: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Biology Department, Building 463, Upton, New York 11913-5000, USA.; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 22 Issue 5, p583; Thesaurus Term: Phytoremediation; Thesaurus Term: Phytotoxicity; Thesaurus Term: Xenobiotics; Thesaurus Term: Lupines; Thesaurus Term: Evapotranspiration; Thesaurus Term: Toluene; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1038/nbt960 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=13008907&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - eih ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bult, Carol AU - Kibbe, Warren A. AU - Snoddy, Jay AU - Vitaterna, Marthe AU - Swanson, Doug AU - Pretel, Stephanie AU - Yanxia Li AU - Hohman, Moses M. AU - Rinchik, Eugene AU - Takahashi, Joe S. AU - Frankel, Wayne N. AU - Goldowitz, Dan T1 - A genome end-game: understanding gene function in the nervous system. JO - Nature Neuroscience JF - Nature Neuroscience Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 7 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 484 EP - 485 PB - Nature Publishing Group SN - 10976256 AB - Provides information for understanding gene function in the nervous system through online databases in the U.S. Mouse as the animal model to study brain function and behavior; Support of the National Institutes of Health for several mutagenesis centers; Use of common vocabulary of phenotypic classification terms to group mice into meaningful bins. KW - ONLINE databases KW - ELECTRONIC information resource searching KW - MICROBIAL genomes KW - ANIMAL models in research KW - RATS as laboratory animals KW - MUTAGENESIS KW - UNITED States KW - NATIONAL Institutes of Health (U.S.) N1 - Accession Number: 13009070; Bult, Carol 1 Kibbe, Warren A. 2 Snoddy, Jay 3 Vitaterna, Marthe 2 Swanson, Doug 4 Pretel, Stephanie 1 Yanxia Li 2 Hohman, Moses M. 2 Rinchik, Eugene 3 Takahashi, Joe S. 2 Frankel, Wayne N. 1 Goldowitz, Dan 4; Email Address: dgold@nb.utmem.edu; Affiliation: 1: Neuroscience Mutagenesis Facility, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA 2: Center for Functional Genomics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA 3: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA 4: Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiolgy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p484; Subject Term: ONLINE databases; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC information resource searching; Subject Term: MICROBIAL genomes; Subject Term: ANIMAL models in research; Subject Term: RATS as laboratory animals; Subject Term: MUTAGENESIS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Institutes of Health (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1038/nn0504-484 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13009070&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Commins, Eugene D. T1 - Observational selection, host galaxy dust, and Type Ia supernovae JO - New Astronomy Reviews JF - New Astronomy Reviews Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 48 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 567 SN - 13876473 AB - We develop models for extinction of Type Ia supernova light due to dust in spiral host galaxies. The models are based on well-known facts and concepts concerning galaxy morphology, star distributions, and dust. We find that observational selection causes extinctions of observable Ia supernovae to be very insensitive to large variations in host galaxy dust, especially at high redshift. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of New Astronomy Reviews is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TYPE I supernovae KW - LIGHT KW - GALAXIES KW - RED shift KW - Dust KW - Host galaxies KW - Observational selection KW - Supernovae N1 - Accession Number: 12779693; Commins, Eugene D. 1; Email Address: commins@physics.berkeley.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Physics, University of California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 48 Issue 7/8, p567; Subject Term: TYPE I supernovae; Subject Term: LIGHT; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RED shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Host galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Observational selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supernovae; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.035 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12779693&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pennypacker, C. AU - Tilquin, A. AU - Melchior, A.-L. AU - Combes, F. AU - Pain, R. T1 - Preliminary exploration of the impact of host galaxy dust on cosmological parameters JO - New Astronomy Reviews JF - New Astronomy Reviews Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 48 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 577 SN - 13876473 AB - We present preliminary analysis and considerations of the impact of dust on the measurement of cosmological parameters based on Type Ia supernovae. This analysis relies on the models of Commins [this proceedings, 2003] and employs subtraction of median extinction values from the measured magnitudes of Type Ia supernovae found in spiral galaxies, but combined with observational selection effects. Then, we estimate corrections to cosmological parameters. This work generally supports the SCP and Hi-Z team discovery of a non-zeroΛ . One of the goals of some of the dust treatments was to find a solution to the dust corrections that could “re-center” the fit to cosmological parameters from supernovae on theΩtot=1 line segment in theΩm−ΩΛ plane. Such a “solution” was found and requires more dust in distant SCP cosmological supernovae than in nearby galaxies (the Calan–Tololo supernovae). Other host galaxy dust scenarios with differing amounts of dust and consequences for cosmology are explored. No convincing scenario of dust has yet been able to be developed for host galaxies in the observed SCP data which include observational selection that yields aΛ=0 universe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of New Astronomy Reviews is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DUST KW - COSMOLOGY KW - TYPE I supernovae KW - GALAXIES KW - Galaxies KW - Morphological type KW - Star formation KW - Supernovae N1 - Accession Number: 12779695; Pennypacker, C. 1; Email Address: pennypacker@lbl.gov Tilquin, A. 2 Melchior, A.-L. 3 Combes, F. 3 Pain, R. 4; Affiliation: 1: Space Sciences Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Centre de Physique des Particules, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, IN3P3-CNRS, Marseille F-13288, France 3: Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, 61 Av. de l’Observatoire, Paris F-75014, France 4: LPNHE, CNRS-IN2P3, Universities of Paris VI and VII, Paris F-75252, France; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 48 Issue 7/8, p577; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: TYPE I supernovae; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphological type; Author-Supplied Keyword: Star formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supernovae; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.037 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12779695&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melchior, A.-L. AU - Combes, F. AU - Pennypacker, C. T1 - Supernova rates and host galaxies properties in the Local Universe JO - New Astronomy Reviews JF - New Astronomy Reviews Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 48 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 591 SN - 13876473 AB - We present a short overview of a systematic study performed on supernovae (SN) in the Local Universe, collected from the IAU circulars. We estimate empirical selection biases on the host galaxy and SN detection luminosities. The correction of these biases enables us to derive SN rates and to study their dependency with the galaxy luminosity. We show for the first time a clear correlation of the number of detected supernovae with theLB luminosity of the host galaxy. We do not detect any significant difference in this correlation between type-Ia and core-collapse SN. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of New Astronomy Reviews is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RESEARCH KW - SUPERNOVAE KW - GALAXIES KW - CORRELATION (Statistics) KW - Galaxies KW - Star formation KW - Supernovae N1 - Accession Number: 12779697; Melchior, A.-L. 1; Email Address: a.l.melchior@obspm.fr Combes, F. 1 Pennypacker, C. 2; Affiliation: 1: Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France 2: Space Sciences Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 48 Issue 7/8, p591; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Star formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supernovae; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.048 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12779697&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prasad, V. T1 - Low redshift type 1a supernovae calibration JO - New Astronomy Reviews JF - New Astronomy Reviews Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 48 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 633 SN - 13876473 AB - The calibration of 20 supernovae discovered and observed by the Supernovae Cosmology Project and EROS collaboration in 1999 is described. Using novel calibration techniques, we calibrate the supernovae images in the Johnson–Cousins U, B, V, R and I bands at the 1% level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of New Astronomy Reviews is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TYPE I supernovae KW - CALIBRATION KW - EROS (Asteroid) KW - Cosmology KW - Photometric calibration KW - Supernovae N1 - Accession Number: 12779705; Prasad, V. 1; Email Address: val.prasad@yale.edu; Affiliation: 1: E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 48 Issue 7/8, p633; Subject Term: TYPE I supernovae; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: EROS (Asteroid); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supernovae; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.058 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12779705&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wood-Vasey, W.M. AU - Aldering, G. AU - Lee, B.C. AU - Loken, S. AU - Nugent, P. AU - Perlmutter, S. AU - Siegrist, J. AU - Wang, L. AU - Antilogus, P. AU - Astier, P. AU - Hardin, D. AU - Pain, R. AU - Copin, Y. AU - Smadja, G. AU - Gangler, E. AU - Castera, A. AU - Adam, G. AU - Bacon, R. AU - Lemonnier, J.-P. AU - Pécontal, A. T1 - The Nearby Supernova Factory JO - New Astronomy Reviews JF - New Astronomy Reviews Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 48 IS - 7/8 M3 - Article SP - 637 SN - 13876473 AB - The Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) is an ambitious project to find and study in detail approximately 300 nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at redshifts0.03 , Denmark AU - Astrup Eriksen, Ø. This program will provide an exceptional data set of well-studied SNe in the nearby smooth Hubble flow that can be used as calibration for the current and future programs designed to use SNe to measure the cosmological parameters. The first key ingredient for this program is a reliable supply of Hubble-flow SNe systematically discovered in unprecedented numbers using the same techniques as those used in distant SNe searches. In 2002, 35 SNe were found using our test-bed pipeline for automated SN search and discovery. The pipeline uses images from the asteroid search conducted by the Near Earth Asteroid Tracking group at JPL. Improvements in our subtraction techniques and analysis have allowed us to increase our effective SN discovery rate to ∼12 SNe/month in 2003. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of New Astronomy Reviews is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - TYPE I supernovae KW - RED shift KW - COSMOLOGY KW - ASTEROIDS KW - Galaxies KW - Supernovae N1 - Accession Number: 12779706; Wood-Vasey, W.M. 1; Email Address: wmwood-vasey@lbl.gov Aldering, G. 1 Lee, B.C. 1 Loken, S. 1 Nugent, P. 1 Perlmutter, S. 1 Siegrist, J. 1 Wang, L. 1 Antilogus, P. 2 Astier, P. 2 Hardin, D. 2 Pain, R. 2 Copin, Y. 3 Smadja, G. 3 Gangler, E. 3 Castera, A. 3 Adam, G. 4 Bacon, R. 4 Lemonnier, J.-P. 4 Pécontal, A. 4; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Mailstop 50R232, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2: Laboratoire de Physique Nucleaire et de Haute Energies de Paris, (LPNHE) Paris, France 3: Institut de Physique Nucleaire de Lyon (IPNL), Lyon, France 4: Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon (CRAL), Lyon, France; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 48 Issue 7/8, p637; Subject Term: TYPE I supernovae; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supernovae; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.056 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12779706&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - Yiqi Luo T1 - Research review Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming in a multi-factor world. JO - New Phytologist JF - New Phytologist Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 162 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 281 EP - 293 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 0028646X AB - Analyses of ecosystem responses to global change must embrace the reality of multiple, interacting environmental factors. Ecosystem models demonstrate the importance of examining the combined effects of the gradually rising concentration of atmospheric CO2 and the climatic change that attends it. Models to forecast future changes need data support to be useful, and data–model fusion has become essential in global change research. There is a wealth of information on plant responses to CO2 and temperature, but there have been few ecosystem-scale experiments investigating the combined or interactive effects of CO2 enrichment and warming. Factorial experiments to investigate interactions can be difficult to design, conduct, and interpret, and their results may not support predictions at the ecosystem scale – in the context of global change they will always be case studies. An alternative approach is to gain a thorough understanding of the modes of action of single factors, and rely on our understanding (as represented in models) to inform us of the probable interactions. Multifactor (CO2 × temperature) experiments remain important, however, for testing concepts, demonstrating the reality of multiple-factor influences, and reminding us that surprises can be expected. © New Phytologist (2004) doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01047.x [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of New Phytologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide KW - GLOBAL warming KW - ECOSYSTEM health KW - CLIMATIC changes KW - EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants KW - climate change KW - CO2 enrichment KW - data--model fusion KW - interactions KW - temperature KW - warming N1 - Accession Number: 12767298; Norby, Richard J. 1; Email Address: rjn@ornl.gov Yiqi Luo 2; Affiliation: 1: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA 2: Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 162 Issue 2, p281; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM health; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 enrichment; Author-Supplied Keyword: data--model fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: warming; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01047.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12767298&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pendall, Elise AU - Bridgham, Scott AU - Hanson, Paul J. AU - Hungate, Bruce AU - Kicklighter, David W. AU - Johnson, Dale W. AU - Law, Beverly E. AU - Yiqi Luo AU - Megonigal, J. Patrick AU - Olsrud, Maria AU - Ryan, Michael G. AU - Shiqiang Wan T1 - Research review Below-ground process responses to elevated CO2 and temperature: a discussion of observations, measurement methods, and models. JO - New Phytologist JF - New Phytologist Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 162 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 311 EP - 322 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 0028646X AB - Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperatures are probably altering ecosystem carbon cycling, causing both positive and negative feedbacks to climate. Below-ground processes play a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle because they regulate storage of large quantities of C, and are potentially very sensitive to direct and indirect effects of elevated CO2 and temperature. Soil organic matter pools, roots and associated rhizosphere organisms all have distinct responses to environmental change drivers, although availability of C substrates will regulate all the responses. Elevated CO2 increases C supply below-ground, whereas warming is likely to increase respiration and decomposition rates, leading to speculation that these effects will moderate one another. However, indirect effects on soil moisture availability and nutrient supply may alter processes in unexpected directions. Detailed, mechanistic understanding and modelling of below-ground flux components, pool sizes and turnover rates is needed to adequately predict long-term, net C storage in ecosystems. In this synthesis, we discuss the current status of below-ground responses to elevated CO2 and temperature and potential feedback effects, methodological challenges, and approaches to integrating models and measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of New Phytologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants KW - TEMPERATURE KW - BIOTIC communities KW - HUMUS KW - CLIMATIC changes KW - CARBON dioxide KW - carbon sequestration KW - CO2 fertilization KW - mycorrhizas KW - nutrient cycling KW - rhizosphere KW - soil carbon KW - soil respiration KW - soil warming N1 - Accession Number: 12767296; Pendall, Elise 1; Email Address: Pendall@uwyo.edu Bridgham, Scott 2 Hanson, Paul J. 3 Hungate, Bruce 4 Kicklighter, David W. 5 Johnson, Dale W. 6 Law, Beverly E. 7 Yiqi Luo 8 Megonigal, J. Patrick 9 Olsrud, Maria 10 Ryan, Michael G. 11,12 Shiqiang Wan 3,13; Affiliation: 1: Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA 2: Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA 3: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA 4: Department of Biological Sciences, Box 5640, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA 5: The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 6: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA 7: Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA 8: Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA 9: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, PO Box 28, 640 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA 10: Geobiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden 11: USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA 12: Department of Forest Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA 13: Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 162 Issue 2, p311; Subject Term: EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: HUMUS; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon sequestration; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 fertilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: mycorrhizas; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrient cycling; Author-Supplied Keyword: rhizosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil respiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil warming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01053.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12767296&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sholtis, Johnna D. AU - Gunderson, Carla A. AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - Tissue, David T. T1 - Persistent stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 in a sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua) forest stand. JO - New Phytologist JF - New Phytologist Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 162 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 343 EP - 354 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 0028646X AB - Examines the photosynthetic response of sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Effects of seasonal variation in plant source-sink relations on the photosynthetic capacity of upper-canopy leaves to respond to elevated carbon dioxide; Properties of Liquidambar styraciflua leaf; Impact of carbon dioxide on leaf nitrogen. KW - SWEETGUM KW - LIQUIDAMBAR KW - EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants KW - LEAVES -- Physiology KW - PLANT variation KW - Liquidambar styraciflua KW - biochemical capacity KW - deciduous trees KW - FACE KW - forest KW - nitrogen KW - photosynthetic adjustment KW - photosynthetic capacity N1 - Accession Number: 12767312; Sholtis, Johnna D. 1 Gunderson, Carla A. 2 Norby, Richard J. 2 Tissue, David T. 1; Email Address: david.tissue@ttu.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Biology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409--3131 USA 2: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831--6422, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 162 Issue 2, p343; Subject Term: SWEETGUM; Subject Term: LIQUIDAMBAR; Subject Term: EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants; Subject Term: LEAVES -- Physiology; Subject Term: PLANT variation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquidambar styraciflua; Author-Supplied Keyword: biochemical capacity; Author-Supplied Keyword: deciduous trees; Author-Supplied Keyword: FACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthetic adjustment; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthetic capacity; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01028.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12767312&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shiqiang Wan AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - Pregitzer, Kurt S. AU - Ledford, Joanne AU - O'Neill, Elizabeth G. T1 - CO2 enrichment and warming of the atmosphere enhance both productivity and mortality of maple tree fine roots. JO - New Phytologist JF - New Phytologist Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 162 IS - 2 M3 - Article SP - 437 EP - 446 PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 0028646X AB - Discusses a study which examined the impact of carbon dioxide elevation and temperature changes on the productivity and mortality of red and sugar maple trees fine roots. Production and mortality of fine roots; Relationship between temperature and root length; Influence of temperature on fine root biomass. KW - ROOTS (Botany) -- Development KW - CARBON dioxide KW - GLOBAL temperature changes KW - ROOTS (Botany) -- Growth KW - RED maple KW - SUGAR maple KW - elevated CO2 KW - fine roots KW - red maple (Acer rubrum) KW - root mortality KW - root production KW - sugar maple (Acer saccharum) KW - temperature N1 - Accession Number: 12767309; Shiqiang Wan 1; Email Address: wans@ornl.gov Norby, Richard J. 2 Pregitzer, Kurt S. 3 Ledford, Joanne 1 O'Neill, Elizabeth G. 1; Affiliation: 1: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422 USA 2: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA 3: School of Forestry and Wood Products, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49905 USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 162 Issue 2, p437; Subject Term: ROOTS (Botany) -- Development; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: ROOTS (Botany) -- Growth; Subject Term: RED maple; Subject Term: SUGAR maple; Author-Supplied Keyword: elevated CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: fine roots; Author-Supplied Keyword: red maple (Acer rubrum); Author-Supplied Keyword: root mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: root production; Author-Supplied Keyword: sugar maple (Acer saccharum); Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01034.x UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12767309&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brown, James AU - West, Geoffrey T1 - One rate to rule them all. JO - New Scientist JF - New Scientist Y1 - 2004/05//5/1/2004 VL - 182 IS - 2445 M3 - Article SP - 38 EP - 41 PB - Reed Business Information Limited (New Scientist) SN - 02624079 AB - Most revealing diversity and complexity of life would be a tropical forest in Brazil, New Guinea or the Congo. Despite a hundred years of research, ecology has little in the way of universal laws or principles like laws of gravity and thermodynamics in physics or the Mendelian laws of inheritance in biology. In the past few years there have been a unique collaboration of biologists and physicists that has been investigating forces behind a host of ecological patterns and it has been identified one factor that seems to have dramatic ecological consequences, metabolic rates, rates at which organisms use energy and materials. KW - BIODIVERSITY KW - ECOLOGY KW - HEREDITY KW - METABOLISM KW - LIFE sciences KW - PHYSICS N1 - Accession Number: 13071884; Brown, James 1 West, Geoffrey 2; Affiliation: 1: Ecologist at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque and the Santa Fe Institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico. 2: Physicist at the Santa Fe Institute and the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 182 Issue 2445, p38; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: HEREDITY; Subject Term: METABOLISM; Subject Term: LIFE sciences; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2452 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13071884&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carelli, Mario D. AU - Conway, L.E. AU - Oriani, L. AU - Petrović, B. AU - Lombardi, C.V. AU - Ricotti, M.E. AU - Barroso, A.C.O. AU - Collado, J.M. AU - Cinotti, L. AU - Todreas, N.E. AU - Grgić, D. AU - Moraes, M.M. AU - Boroughs, R.D. AU - Ninokata, H. AU - Ingersoll, D.T. AU - Oriolo, F. T1 - The design and safety features of the IRIS reactor JO - Nuclear Engineering & Design JF - Nuclear Engineering & Design Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 230 IS - 1-3 M3 - Article SP - 151 SN - 00295493 AB - Salient features of the International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) are presented here. IRIS, an integral, modular, medium size (335 MWe) PWR, has been under development since the turn of the century by an international consortium led by Westinghouse and including over 20 organizations from nine countries. Described here are the features of the integral design which includes steam generators, pumps and pressurizer inside the vessel, together with the core, control rods, and neutron reflector/shield. A brief summary is provided of the IRIS approach to extended maintenance over a 48-month schedule. The unique IRIS safety-by-design approach is discussed, which, by eliminating accidents, at the design stage, or decreasing their consequences/probabilities when outright elimination is not possible, provides a very powerful first level of defense in depth. The safety-by-design allows a significant reduction and simplification of the passive safety systems, which are presented here, together with an assessment of the IRIS response to transients and postulated accidents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Engineering & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NUCLEAR reactors KW - LIGHT water reactors KW - STEAM generators KW - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) N1 - Accession Number: 12981755; Carelli, Mario D. 1; Email Address: carellmd@westinghouse.com Conway, L.E. 1 Oriani, L. 1 Petrović, B. 1 Lombardi, C.V. 2 Ricotti, M.E. 2 Barroso, A.C.O. 3 Collado, J.M. 4 Cinotti, L. 5 Todreas, N.E. 6 Grgić, D. 7 Moraes, M.M. 8 Boroughs, R.D. 9 Ninokata, H. 10 Ingersoll, D.T. 11 Oriolo, F. 12; Affiliation: 1: Science and Technology Department, Westinghouse Electric Company, 1344 Beulah Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA 2: Politecnico di Milano, Italy 3: Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Brazil 4: Equipos Nucleares S.A. (ENSA), Spain 5: Ansaldo Energia, Italy 6: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA 7: University of Zagreb, Croatia 8: Nuclebras Equipamentos Pesados S/A (NUCLEP), Brazil 9: Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), USA 10: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan 11: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), USA 12: Università di Pisa, Italy; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 230 Issue 1-3, p151; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Subject Term: LIGHT water reactors; Subject Term: STEAM generators; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423720 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416120 Plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.11.022 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12981755&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koscielniak, Shane AU - Johnstone, Carol T1 - Mechanisms for nonlinear acceleration in FFAGs with fixed RF JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 523 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 25 SN - 01689002 AB - A signature of fixed-field acceleration is that the orbit of the beam centroid unavoidably changes with energy. The corresponding, often nonlinear, change in path length results in phase slip of the particle beam relative to a fixed-frequency accelerating waveform. Nonetheless, depending on the number and location of the fixed-points of the motion, acceleration is possible for a limited number of turns by allowing the beam to cross back and forth across the crest (cross-crest acceleration). For multiple fixed points, this asynchronous form of acceleration is facilitated by a libration path that extends from injection to extraction energy when a threshold value of accelerating voltage exceeded. Successful acceleration is accomplished when the radio frequency is made synchronous with the revolution period at the machine central orbit, or when the RF is offset in a prescribed manner that leads to staggering of phase traces on consecutive turns. The present work explores the influence of the fixed points and of RF manipulations on the longitudinal dynamics in FFAGs with a variety of path-length dependence on kinetic energy; emphasis is given to quadratic dependence as occurs in a type of accelerator currently proposed for rapid acceleration of muons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - RADIO frequency KW - MUONS KW - LEPTONS (Nuclear physics) KW - KAONS KW - Muon acceleration KW - Nonlinear dynamical systems KW - Nonscaling FFAG N1 - Accession Number: 12778190; Koscielniak, Shane 1; Email Address: shane@triumf.ca Johnstone, Carol 2; Affiliation: 1: TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2A3 2: FNAL, Fermilab, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 523 Issue 1/2, p25; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: MUONS; Subject Term: LEPTONS (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: KAONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muon acceleration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear dynamical systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonscaling FFAG; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.12.028 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778190&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rochman, D. AU - Haight, R.C. AU - O'Donnell, J.M. AU - Devlin, M. AU - Ethvignot, T. AU - Granier, T. T1 - Neutron-induced reaction studies at FIGARO using a spallation source JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 523 IS - 1/2 M3 - Article SP - 102 SN - 01689002 AB - A description is given of the new flexible facility Fast Neutron-Induced Gamma-Ray Observer (FIGARO) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. FIGARO is designed to study fast-neutron-induced reactions that result in the emission of γ rays and neutrons, using the white neutron beam of the Weapons Neutron Research Facility. The emitted neutrons andγ rays are detected by several liquid scintillators and one high-resolution germanium or one barium-fluoride detector, respectively. As an example, the inelastic neutron scattering on Si from 4 to20 MeV is presented and the results are compared with predictions of the nuclear model calculations performed with the codes GNASH and EMPIRE II. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - NEUTRONS KW - MATTER -- Constitution KW - DETECTORS KW - FLUIDS KW - FIGARO KW - Neutron inelastic scattering KW - Neutron-induced reaction KW - White neutron source N1 - Accession Number: 12778193; Rochman, D. 1; Email Address: rochman@lanl.gov Haight, R.C. 1; Email Address: haight@lanl.gov O'Donnell, J.M. 1; Email Address: odonnell@lanl.gov Devlin, M. 1; Email Address: devlin@lanl.gov Ethvignot, T. 2; Email Address: thierry.ethvignot@cea.fr Granier, T. 2; Email Address: thierry.granier@cea.fr; Affiliation: 1: LANSCE-3, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS H855, Los Alamos NM 87545, USA 2: CEA-DAM, BP 12, Bruyères-le-Châtel 91680, France; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 523 Issue 1/2, p102; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: MATTER -- Constitution; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: FIGARO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron inelastic scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron-induced reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: White neutron source; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.12.026 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778193&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - NEWS AU - Peurrung, A.J. T1 - Reply to Comment on “On the long-range detection of radioactivity using electromagnetic radiation” JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 523 IS - 1/2 M3 - Editorial SP - 249 SN - 01689002 N1 - Accession Number: 12778210; Peurrung, A.J. 1; Email Address: aj.peurrung@pnl.gov; Affiliation: 1: M/S P8-20, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 523 Issue 1/2, p249; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial L3 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.12.020 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12778210&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jung, Jin Young AU - Lee, Heejin AU - Chen, Michael M. T1 - SIMPLE, ACCURATE TREATMENT OF CURVED BOUNDARIES WITH DIRICHLET AND NEUMANN CONDITIONS. JO - Numerical Heat Transfer: Part B -- Fundamentals JF - Numerical Heat Transfer: Part B -- Fundamentals Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 45 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 421 EP - 448 SN - 10407790 AB - A simple and accurate numerical treatment of curved boundaries for the solution of elliptic or elliptic-parabolic partial differential equations typical of transport problems is described. The study is motivated by the importance of curved boundaries in applied and fundamental problems, especially those with Neumann conditions. Existing methods, including those employing unstructured or body-fitted meshes, are either clumsy, of low-order accuracy, or burdened with high computational overhead. The method employs elementary finite-difference meshes and places nodes on the curved boundaries to permit precise satisfaction of the boundary conditions. A key element of the method is the use of skew-tolerant algorithms to alleviate possible computational difficulties when boundary nodes are too close to interior nodes. Second-order equations and implementations are presented, easily extendable to third or higher orders. The higher-order space-time formulations and the implicit time integration's freedom from stability constraints render the approach potentially quite economical compared to conventional first-order approaches. The ability to satisfy Neumann boundary conditions accurately and economically can be a great asset in many problems, including free-boundary problems involving phase change and/or surface tension, as well as in pressure computations in Navier-Stokes solvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Numerical Heat Transfer: Part B -- Fundamentals is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DIFFERENTIAL equations KW - DIRICHLET principle KW - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions KW - CALCULUS of variations KW - CALCULUS KW - NAVIER-Stokes equations N1 - Accession Number: 12756865; Jung, Jin Young 1; Email Address: JYJung@lbl.gov Lee, Heejin 2 Chen, Michael M. 2; Affiliation: 1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mailstop 46R0161, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. 2: University of Michigan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p421; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: DIRICHLET principle; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: CALCULUS of variations; Subject Term: CALCULUS; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/10407790490277913 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12756865&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ma, Junshui AU - Theiler, James AU - Perkins, Simon T1 - Two realizations of a general feature extraction framework JO - Pattern Recognition JF - Pattern Recognition Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 37 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 875 SN - 00313203 AB - A general feature extraction framework is proposed as an extension of conventional linear discriminant analysis. Two nonlinear feature extraction algorithms based on this framework are investigated. The first is a kernel function feature extraction (KFFE) algorithm. A disturbance term is introduced to regularize the algorithm. Moreover, it is revealed that some existing nonlinear feature extraction algorithms are the special cases of this KFFE algorithm. The second feature extraction algorithm, mean–STD1–norm feature extraction algorithm, is also derived from the framework. Experiments based on both synthetic and real data are presented to demonstrate the performance of both feature extraction algorithms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Pattern Recognition is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - ALGORITHMS KW - CORRELATION (Statistics) KW - DISCRIMINANT analysis KW - KERNEL functions KW - Class separability KW - Classification KW - Discriminant analysis KW - Kernel functions KW - Multi-class feature extraction KW - Nonlinear feature extraction KW - Regularization N1 - Accession Number: 12573438; Ma, Junshui; Email Address: junshui@osc.edu Theiler, James 1 Perkins, Simon 1; Affiliation: 1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p875; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: DISCRIMINANT analysis; Subject Term: KERNEL functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Class separability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discriminant analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kernel functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-class feature extraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear feature extraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regularization; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.patcog.2003.10.010 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12573438&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shin, Min C. AU - Tsap, Leonid V. AU - Goldgof, Dmitry B. T1 - Gesture recognition using Bezier curves for visualization navigation from registered 3-D data JO - Pattern Recognition JF - Pattern Recognition Y1 - 2004/05// VL - 37 IS - 5 M3 - Article SP - 1011 SN - 00313203 AB - This paper presents a gesture recognition system for visualization navigation. Scientists are interested in developing interactive settings for exploring large data sets in an intuitive environment. The input consists of registered 3-D data. A geometric method using Bezier curves is used for the trajectory analysis and classification of gestures. The hand gesture speed is incorporated into the algorithm to enable correct recognition from trajectories with variations in hand speed. The method is robust and reliable: correct hand identification rate is 99.9% (from 1641 frames), modes of hand movements are correct 95.6% of the time, recognition rate (given the right mode) is 97.9%. An application to gesture-controlled visualization of 3D bioinformatics data is also presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Pattern Recognition is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - GESTURE KW - VISUALIZATION KW - IMAGINATION KW - TRAJECTORY optimization KW - 3-D trajectory analysis KW - Bezier curves KW - Gesture recognition system KW - Hand tracking KW - Human-computer interaction KW - Motion analysis KW - Region detection and identification KW - Visualization navigation N1 - Accession Number: 12573448; Shin, Min C. 1; Email Address: mcshin@uncc.edu Tsap, Leonid V. 2; Email Address: tsap@llnl.gov Goldgof, Dmitry B. 3; Email Address: goldgof@csee.usf.edu; Affiliation: 1: Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA 2: Advanced Communications and Signal Processing Group, Electronics Engineering Department, University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA 3: Department of Computer Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 34642, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p1011; Subject Term: GESTURE; Subject Term: VISUALIZATION; Subject Term: IMAGINATION; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3-D trajectory analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bezier curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gesture recognition system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hand tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human-computer interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motion analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Region detection and identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visualization navigation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1016/j.patcog.2003.11.007 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12573448&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ahluwalia, R. AU - Lookman, T. AU - Saxena, A. AU - Shenoy, S. R. T1 - Pattern formation in Ferroelastic Transitions. JO - Phase Transitions JF - Phase Transitions Y1 - 2004/05//May-Jul2004 VL - 77 IS - 5-7 M3 - Article SP - 457 EP - 467 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd SN - 01411594 AB - We study pattern formation in ferroelastic materials using the Ginzburg-Landau approach. Since ferroelastic transitions are driven by strain, the nonlinear elastic free energy is expressed as an expansion in the appropriate (i.e., order parameter) strain variables. However, the displacement fields are the real independent variables, whereas the components of the strain tensor are related to each other through elastic compatibility relations. These constraints manifest as an anisotropic long-range interaction which drastically influences the underlying microstructure. The evolution of the microstructure is demonstrated for (i) a hexagonal-to-orthorhombic transition using a strain-based approach with explicit long-range interactions; and (ii) a cubic-to-tetragonal transition by solving the force-balance equations for the displacement fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] AB - Copyright of Phase Transitions is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - FERROELASTIC crystals KW - PATTERN formation (Physical sciences) KW - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) KW - ANISOTROPY KW - MICROSTRUCTURE KW - Ferroelastic material KW - Strain fields KW - Structural transition N1 - Accession Number: 12946192; Ahluwalia, R. 1; Email Address: rajeev@viking.lanl.gov Lookman, T. 1 Saxena, A. 1 Shenoy, S. R. 2; Affiliation: 1: Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA 2: Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34100 Trieste, Italy; Source Info: May-Jul2004, Vol. 77 Issue 5-7, p457; Subject Term: FERROELASTIC crystals; Subject Term: PATTERN formation (Physical sciences); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelastic material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural transition; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article L3 - 10.1080/01411590410001672620 UR - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12946192&site=ehost-live&scope=site DP - EBSCOhost DB - aph ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simonsen, Ø 1 STD: Standard Deviation.10 times larger participation ratio of its slowest decaying modes as compared to the null model—a random scale-free network. The extreme edges of the Internet are found to correspond to Russian and US military sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] AB - Copyright of Physica A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) KW - DIFFUSION processes KW - TOPOLOGY KW - INTERNET KW - COMPUTER networks KW - Complex random networks KW - Network modules KW - Statistical physics N1 - Accession Number: 12379591; Simonsen, Ø