{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T16:45:09Z","timestamp":1523983509724},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Measured highly elevated gains of proton\u2013boron (HB11) fusion (Picciotto<jats:italic>et\u00a0al.<\/jats:italic>, Phys. Rev.\u00a0X<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>, 031030 (2014)) confirmed the exceptional avalanche reaction process (Lalousis<jats:italic>et\u00a0al.<\/jats:italic>, Laser Part. Beams<jats:bold>32<\/jats:bold>, 409 (2014); Hora<jats:italic>et\u00a0al.<\/jats:italic>, Laser Part. Beams<jats:bold>33<\/jats:bold>, 607 (2015)) for the combination of the non-thermal block ignition using ultrahigh intensity laser pulses of picoseconds duration. The<jats:italic>ultrahigh acceleration<\/jats:italic>above<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"gif\" xlink:href=\"S2095471916000293_inline1\" xlink:type=\"simple\" \/><jats:tex-math>$10^{20}~\\text{cm}~\\text{s}^{-2}$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>for plasma blocks was theoretically and numerically predicted since 1978 (Hora,<jats:italic>Physics of Laser Driven Plasmas<\/jats:italic>(Wiley, 1981), pp.\u00a0178 and\u00a0179) and measured (Sauerbrey, Phys. Plasmas<jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>, 4712 (1996)) in exact agreement (Hora<jats:italic>et\u00a0al.<\/jats:italic>, Phys. Plasmas<jats:bold>14<\/jats:bold>, 072701 (2007)) when the dominating force was overcoming thermal processes. This is based on Maxwell\u2019s stress tensor by the dielectric properties of plasma leading to the nonlinear (ponderomotive) force<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"gif\" xlink:href=\"S2095471916000293_inline2\" xlink:type=\"simple\" \/><jats:tex-math>$f_{\\text{NL}}$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>resulting in ultra-fast expanding plasma blocks by a dielectric explosion. Combining this with measured ultrahigh magnetic fields and the avalanche process opens an option for an environmentally absolute clean and economic boron fusion power reactor. This is supported also by other experiments with very high HB11 reactions under different conditions (Labaune<jats:italic>et\u00a0al.<\/jats:italic>, Nature Commun.<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>, 2506 (2013)).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/hpl.2016.29","type":"article-journal","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T05:48:32Z","timestamp":1476251312000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":"Avalanche boron fusion by laser picosecond block ignition with magnetic trapping for clean and economic reactor","prefix":"10.1017","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Hora","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Korn","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Eliezer","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Nissim","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lalousis","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Giuffrida","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Margarone","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Picciotto","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.H.","family":"Miley","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Moustaizis","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.-M.","family":"Martinez-Val","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.P.J.","family":"Barty","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.J.","family":"Kirchhoff","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2095471916000293_r9","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3506","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"key":"S2095471916000293_r8","author":"Picciotto","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. 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