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A Product of the
Cooperative Engineering Program
SAE J1395
SAE Standard
Issued April 1985
S.A.E.
LIBRARY
An American National Standard
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No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Copyright 1986 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
iiiTURN SIGNAL LAMPS FOR USE ON MOTOR VEHICLES 2030 mm OR MORE IN OVERALL, WIDTH—SAE J1395 APR85
SAE Standard
Report of the Lighting Committee, approved April 1985, Rationale statement available.
1. Scope—This SAE Technical Report provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for turn signal lamps intended for use on vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall width. Turn signal lamps conforming to this report may also be used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in overall width except on passenger cars.
2. Definitions
2.1 Turn Signal Lamp—The signaling element of a turn signal system which indicates a change in direction by giving a flashing light on the side toward which the turn will be made. (For flash rate and percent on time, see SAE J590, Turn Signal Flashers.)
3. Lighting Identification Code— Turn signal lamps for use on vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall width, may be identified by the codes in accordance with SAE 1759, Lighting Identification Code.
16 Front turn signal lamps spaced 100 mm or more from headlamps. Rear turn signal lamps.
17 Front turn signal lamps spaced from 75 mm to less than 100 mm from headlamps.
18 Front turn signal lamps spaced from 60 mm to less than 75 mm from headlamps.
19 Front turn signal lamps spaced less than 60 mm from headlamps.
4. Tests
4.1 SAE J575, Tests for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices and Components is a part of this report. The following tests are applicable with the modifications as indicated:
4.1.1 Vibration Test
4.1.2 Moisture Test
4.1.3 Dust Test
4.1.4 Corrosion Test
4.1.5 Photometry Test
4.1.5.1 Photometric measurements shall be made with the light source of the signal lamp at least 3m from the photometer. The FI-V axis shall be taken as parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
4.1.5.2 Photometric measurements shall be made with the bulb filament steadily burning. Photometric measurements of a turn signal lamp, each compartment of a multiple compartment lamp, and each lamp of a multiple lamp arrangement (limited to two maximum) shall be made separately by alighting the axis of each lamp or compartment with the photometer.
Each lamp or compartment utilized in this manner shall meet the one lighted lamp or compartment value for all functions for which it is designed.
4.1.6 WARPAGE TEST ON DEVICES WITH PLASTIC COMPONENTS
4.2 Color Test—SAE J578, Color Specification for Electric Signal Lighting Devices is a part of this report.
Requirements
5.1 Performance Requirements—A device, when tested in accordance with the test procedures specified in Section 4, shall meet the following requirements:
5.1.1 VIBRATION—SAE J575
5.1.2 MOISTURE—SAE J575
5.1.3 DUST—SAE J575
5.1.4 CORROSION—SAE J575
5.1.5 PHOTOMETRY—SAE J575
5.1.5.1 The lamp under test shall meet the photometric performance requirements contained in Table 1—Photometric Requirements and its footnotes. The summation of the luminous intensity measurements at the specified test points in a zone-shall be at least the value shown.
5.1.5.2 When a tail lamp, clearance lamp, or parking lamp is combined with the turn signal lamp, the signal lamp shall not be less than three times the luminous intensity of (a) the tail lamp at any test point, (b) the clearance lamp at any test point, or (c) the parking lamp at any test point on or above horizontal, except that at H-V, H-5L, H-5R, and 5U-V, the signal lamp shall not be less than five times the luminous intensity of the tail lamp, clearance lamp, or parking lamp. When a tail lamp or clearance lamp is combined with the turn signal and the maximum luminous intensity of the tail lamp or clearance lamp is located below horizontal and within an area generated by a 1.0 deg radius around a test point, the ratio for the test point may be computed using the lowest value of the tail lamp or clearance lamp luminous intensity within the generated area.
| Zone | Test Results (Deg) | Minimum Luminous Intensity Total for Zone (cd) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front Signal | Rear Signal | |||
| Yellow | Red | Yellow | ||
| 1 | 10U —5L 5U —20L 5D —20L 10D —5L |
130 | 50 | 84 |
| 2 | 5U —10L H —10L 5D —10L |
250 | 100 | 165 |
| 3 | 5U —V H —SL H —V H —5R 5D —V |
950 | 380 | 590 |
| 4 | 5U —10R H —10R 5D —10R |
250 | 100 | 165 |
| 5 | 10U —5R 5U —20R 5D —20R 10D —5R |
130 | 50 | 84 |
| Maximum Luminous Intensity (cd) |
300 | 750 | ||
| a The measured value at each test point shall not be less than 60% of the minimum in Table 3 b The maximum value shall not be exceeded over any area larger than that generated by 0.5 deg radius within the solid angle defined by the test points in Table 3 c Ratio requirements of paragraph 5.1.5.2 apply. d Multipliers of Table 2 are applicable per paragraph 5.1.5. |
||||
5.1.5.3 Rear signals from double-faced turn signal lamps need only meet the performance requirements contained in Table 1—Photometric Requirements from directly to the rear to the left for a left hand lamp, and from directly to the rear to the right for a right hand lamp. (The intent of this provision is to permit the manufacturer to provide glare protection for the driver.)
5.1.5.4 In the case where the front turn signal is mounted in close proximity to the low beam headlamp or any additional lamp used to supplement or used in lieu of the low beam, such as an auxiliary low beam or fog lamp Table 2—Luminous Intensity Multipliers for Front Turn Signal Lamp spacing shall be used to modify Table 1—Photometric Requirements.
5.1.5.5 Spacing for a direct light source type design front turn signal lamp, that is, a lamp primarily employing a lens to meet photometric
| Spacing to Lighted Edge of Low Beam Headlamp |
Multiplier of Table 1 and Table 3 Values to Obtain Minimum Luminous Intensities |
|---|---|
| 100 mm or Greater | 1.0 |
| 75 mm to Less than 100 mm |
1.5 |
| 60 mm to Less than 75 mm |
2.0 |
| Less than 60 mm |
2.5 |
| *See paragraph 5.1.5 for methods to be used for measurement of spacings. | |
requirements (for example, a lamp that does not employ a reflector), shall be measured from the light source to the lighted edge of the low beam headlamp or any additional lamp used to supplement or used in lieu of the low beam, such as an auxiliary low beam or fog lamp.
5.1.5.6 Spacing for a front turn signal lamp which primarily employs a reflector (for example, one of parabolic section) in conjunction with a lens to meet photometric requirements, shall be measured from the geometric centroid of the front turn signal functional lighted area to the supplement or used in lieu of the low beam, such as an auxiliary low beam or fog lamp.
5.1.6 WARPAGE—SAE J575.
5.1.7 COLOR—The color of the light from turn signal lamps shall be red or yellow as specified in SAE J578.
5.2 Materials Requirements—Plastic materials used in optical parts shall meet the requirements of SAE J576, Plastic Materials for Use in Optical Parts Such as Lenses and Reflectors of Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices.
5.3 Design Requirements
5.3.1 If a turn signal is optically combined with the tail lamp, clearance lamp, or parking lamp, and a two-filament bulb is used, the bulb shall have an indexing base and the socket shall be designed so that bulb shall have an indexing feature so that they cannot be re-inserted into lamp housings in random positions, unless the lamp will perform its intended function with random light source orientation.
5.3.2 The functional lighted lens area of a single lamp, each compartment of a multiple compartment lamp, and each lamp of a multiple lamp arrangement shall be at least 75 cm2.
5.4 Installation Requirements—The turn signal lamp shall meet the following requirements as installed on the vehicle:
5.4.1 Visibility of the turn signal lamp shall not be obstructed by any part of the vehicle throughout the photometric test angles for the lamp unless the lamp is designed to comply with all photometric and visibility requirements with these obstructions considered. Signals from lamps on both sides of the vehicle shall be visible through a horizontal angle from 45 deg to the left for the left lamp to 45 deg to the right for the right lamp.
Where more than one lamp or optical area is lighted on each side of the vehicle, only one such area on each side need comply. To be considered visible, the lamp must provided an unobstructed view of the outer lens surface excluding reflex, of at least 13 cm2 measured at 45 deg to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
5.4.2 When a stop signal is optically combined with the turn signal, the circuit shall be such that the stop signal cannot be turned on if the turn signal is flashing.
5.4.3 TURN SIGNAL PILOT INDICATOR
5.4.3.1 If one right and one left turn signal are not readily visible to the driver, there shall be an illuminated indicator provided to give a clear and unmistakable indication that the turn signal system is activated. The illuminated indicator shall consist of one or more lights flashing at the same frequency as the signal lamps.
5.4.3.2 If the illuminated indicator is located inside the vehicle, it should emit a green color light and have a minimum functional lighted lens area of 18 mm2.
5.4.3.3 If the illuminated indicators are located on the outside of the vehicle, they should emit a yellow colored light and have a minimum functional lighted lens area of 60 mm2.
| Test Points (Deg) | Minimum Luminous Intensity (cd) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front Signal | Rear Signal | |||
| Yellow | Red | Yellow | ||
| 10U and 10D | 5L and 5R | 40 | 16 | 27 |
| 5U and 5D | 20L and 20R 10L and 10R V |
25 75 175 |
10 30 70 |
15 50 110 |
| H | 10L and 10R 5L and 5R V |
100 200 200 |
40 80 80 |
65 120 130 |
| Maximum Luminous Intensity (cd)a | 300 | 750 | ||
| aThe maximum design value should not be exceeded over any area larger than that generated by a 0.25 deg radius within the solid angle defined by the test points in Table 3. | ||||
5.4.3.4 The minimum required illuminated area of the indicators specified in paragraphs 5.4.3.2 and 5.4.3.3 shall be visible according to the procedures described in SAE J1050, Describing and Measuring the Driver's Field of View.
The steering wheel shall be turned to a straight-ahead driving position and in the design location for an adjustable wheel or column.
6. Guidelines
6.1 Photometric design guidelines for turn signal lamps, when tested in accordance with paragraph 4.1.5 of this report, are contained in Table 3—Photometric Design Guidelines and its footnotes.
6.2. Installation Guidelines—The following guidelines apply to turn signal lamps as used on the vehicle and shall not be considered part of the requirements.
6.2.1 Turn signal lamps on the rear of the vehicle should be spaced as far apart laterally as practicable so that the signal will be clearly visible.
6.2.2 The luminous intensity of incandescent filament bulbs will vary with applied voltage. The electrical wiring in the vehicle should be adequate to supply design voltage to the signal lamp.
6.2.3 Performance of lamps may deteriorate significantly as a result of dirt, grime, and/or snow accumulation on their optical surfaces. Installation of lamps on vehicles should be considered to minimize the effect of these factors.
6.2.4 Where it is expected that lamps must perform in extremely severe environments, such as in off-highway, mining, fuel haulage, or where it is expected that they will be totally immersed in water, the user should specify lamps specifically designed for such use.
As a matter of additional information, attention is called to SAE J567, Lamp Bulb Retention System for requirements and gages used in socket design.
This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering science. The user of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, id the sole responsiblity of the user.
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