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F2088 - 13

Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant Swings¹

This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (ɛ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

¹ This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.21 on Infant Carriers, Bouncers and Baby Swings.

Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2088 – 12a. DOI: 10.1520/F2088-13.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

INTRODUCTION

This consumer safety specification addresses infant swing incidents identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).

In response to incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts to minimize the following: (1) swings tipping over or collapsing, (2) structural failures, and (3) entanglement in the restraints or entrapment in leg holes. This consumer safety specification is intended to cover normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant swings. This specification does not cover swings that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner that disregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each infant swing.

This consumer safety specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of infant swing technology and will be updated whenever substantive information becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision of existing requirements.

1. Scope

1.1

This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to minimize the hazards to infants presented by swings as identified in the introduction.

1.2

This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant swings. It is not intended to address all incidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with the infant in the swing.

1.3

No swing produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.

1.4

The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.5

The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:²

² For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

2.2 Federal Standards:³

³ Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.

2.3 Other Documents:

⁴ Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, Revision II, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal Aviation Administration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory, Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.

⁵ Drawing numbers 126-0000 through 126-0015 (sheets 1 through 3), 126-0017 through 126-0027, a parts list entitled “Parts List for CAMI Newborn Dummy”, and a construction manual entitled, “Construction of the Newborn Infant Dummy” (July 1992). Copies of the materials may be inspected at NHTSA’s Docket Section, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Room 5109, Washington, DC, or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC.

⁶ Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.

Figure 1. CAMI Dummy, Mark II This is a photograph of the Mark II infant dummy used in testing.

FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II

Figure 2 This is a photograph of the CAMI newborn dummy used in testing.

FIG. 2 CAMI Newborn Dummy

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:

3.1.1 conspicuous, n—

a label which is visible, when the unit is in a manufacturer’s recommended use position, to a person standing near the unit at any one position around the infant swing but not necessarily visible from all positions.

3.1.2 cradle swing, n—

an infant swing which is intended for use by a child lying flat.

3.1.3 dynamic load, n—

application of impulsive force through free fall of a weight.

3.1.4 infant swing, n—

a stationary unit with a frame and powered mechanism that enables an infant to swing in a seated position. An infant swing is intended for use with infants from birth until a child is able to sit up unassisted.

3.1.5 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—

any position, that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for the use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.

3.1.6 non-paper label, n—

any label material (such as plastic or metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools or tears leaving a sharply defined edge.

3.1.7 occupant, n—

that individual who is in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturer’s recommended use positions.

3.1.8 paper label, n—

any label material which tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.

3.1.9 static load, n—

a vertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.

3.1.10 structural component, n—

any load bearing member or part of the product that supports the weight or portion of the weight of the occupant.

3.1.11 travel swing, n—

a low profile, compact swing having a distance of 6 in. or less between the underside of the seat bottom and the support surface (floor) at any point in the seat’s range of motion.

4. Calibration and Standardization

4.1

All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with ⅛ in. (3 mm) thick vinyl floor covering, unless test instructs differently.

4.2

The product shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

4.3

No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.

4.4

The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 73° ± 9°F (23 ± 5°C) for at least 1 hour prior to testing. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperature range.
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4.5

All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.

5. General Requirements

5.1 Hazardous Sharp Edges or Points—

There shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to the consumer safety specification.

5.2 Small Parts—

There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of this testing to this specification.

5.3

The paint and surface coating on the product shall comply to 16 CFR 1303.

5.4 Wood Parts—

Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters.

5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, Pinching—

A product, when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, shall be designed and constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury could exist when the edges of any rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts.

5.6 Openings—

Holes or slots that extend entirely though a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm), but are limited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shall be evaluated in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions.
Figure 3. Opening Examples Figure 3 shows a tube with a hole in it. An inset shows a release button that pokes through that hole, which when depresses allows one to fold the stroller. A second inset shows the maximum depths of the hole per Clause 5.6. < 0.375 (9.53 mm) 0.375(9.53 mm)Max.

FIG. 3 Opening Examples

5.7 Exposed Coil Springs—

Any exposed coil spring which is accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generating a space between coils of 0.210 in (5.33 mm) or greater during static load testing (see 7.3.2) shall be covered or otherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.
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5.8 Protective Components—

If a child can grasp components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, (such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at least a 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parent component, such component shall not be removed when tested in accordance with 7.2.

5.9 Labeling:

5.9.1

Warning labels, (whether paper or non paper) shall be permanent when tested per 7.8.

5.9.2

Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning, etc. shall be permanent when tested per 7.9.

5.9.3

Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.10.

5.10 Toys—

Toy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with an infant swing, as well as their means of attachment, must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F963.

5.10.1

Toy mobiles that attach solely to an infant swing are not required to contain labeling as stated in Consumer Safety Specification F963, Section 5, Safety Labeling for Mobiles, and Section 6, Instructional Literature for Mobiles.

5.10.2

Toy mobiles included with the swing that have toys within the reach of the occupant shall not detach rigid components when tested in accordance with 7.12. Detachment of a soft toy only is not considered a failure.

NOTE 1 — The intent is to exempt soft items that would not result in impact injury if the occupant was struck by that component. Examples are soft filled toys, stuffed toys, and pliable toys.

6. Performance Requirements

6.1 Electrically Powered Swings (remote control devices are exempt from the requirements in 6.1):

6.1.1

Each battery compartment or area immediately adjacent to the battery compartment shall be marked permanently and legibly to show the correct battery polarity, size, and voltage.

6.1.2

Each battery compartment shall provide a means to contain the electrolytic material in the event of a battery leakage. This containment means shall not be accessible to the occupant.

6.1.3

Positive protection from the possibility of charging any primary (non-rechargeable) battery shall be achieved either through physical design of the battery compartment or through the use of appropriate electrical circuit design. This applies to situations in which a battery may be installed incorrectly (reversed), and in which a battery charger may be applied to a product containing primary batteries. This section does not apply to a circuit having one or two batteries as the only source of power.

6.1.4

The surfaces of any accessible electrical component, including batteries, shall not achieve temperatures exceeding 160°F (71°C) when tested in accordance with 7.1. At the conclusion of the test, there shall be no battery leakage or, explosion or a fire to any electrical component. This test shall be performed prior to conducting any other testing within the performance requirements section.

6.1.5

AC adapters supplied with the product must denote compliance with the appropriate current national safety standard for AC adapters from a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). AC adaptors must have a nominal output voltage less than 30 VDC (42.4 VAC (peak)) and must not be capable of delivering more than 8 amps into a variable resistive load for one minute.

NOTE 2 — Refer to UL 1310 for Class II output definitions and evaluation.

NOTE 3 — NRTLs are organizations recognized by OSHA in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.7 to test and certify equipment or materials (products) requiring approval by certain OSHA safety standards. A current list of NRTLs can be found at http://www.osha.gov/dts/otpca/nrtl/nrtllist.html.

6.2 Structural Integrity—

All tests that cover static and dynamic loading are to be performed sequentially on the same product and in the sequence listed in the standard without refurbishing or repositioning of adjustment, if any.

6.2.1 Dynamic Load—

The swing shall support a dynamic load and there shall be no failure of seams, breakage of materials, or changes of adjustments that could cause the product to not fully support the child or create a hazardous condition as defined in Section 5 after testing in accordance with 7.3.1.

6.2.2 Static Load—

The swing shall support a static load and there shall be no failure of seams, breakage of materials, or changes of adjustments that could cause the product to not fully support the child or create a hazardous condition as defined in Section 5 after testing in accordance with 7.3.2.

6.3 Stability Test—

The swing shall not tip over when tested according to 7.4.

6.4 Unintentional Folding—

The swing shall remain in the manufacturer’s recommended use position when tested per 7.5. If a unit is designed with a latching or locking device, that device shall remain engaged and operative after testing.

6.4.1

Threaded fasteners used to attach structural components shall have a locking mechanism such as lock washers, self-locking nuts or other means to prevent detachment due to vibration.

6.5 Restraint System—

A restraint system shall be provided to secure a child in the seated positions in any of the manufacturer’s recommended use positions.

6.5.1

The restraint system shall include both waist and crotch restraint designed such that the crotch restraint’s use is mandatory when the restraint system is in use.

6.5.2

Swings with a maximum seat back angle greater than 50° from horizontal measured in accordance with 7.13 shall include shoulder straps as part of the restraint system.

6.5.3

This system and its closing means shall not slip more than 1 in. (25 mm), break, separate, or permit the removal of the test dummy when tested per 7.6.

6.5.4

A connecting means and adjustment means for the waist restraint shall be capable of usage independent of one another. The connecting means shall not be an adjustment means but may have one integrally attached to it.

6.5.5

Before shipment, the restraint system must be attached to the swing in such a manner as to not become detached through normal use.
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6.5.6

If the swing seat has a tray or other component that creates a completely bounded opening in front of the occupant, a passive crotch restraint system shall be included and designed such that its use is mandatory when the tray or other component is in use.

6.6 Passive Crotch Restraint System—

For products with a tray or other component that creates a completely bounded opening in front of the occupant.

6.6.1

There shall be no vertical gap between the passive crotch restraint and either the tray or seating surface that allows free passage of a 1.5-in. (38-mm) diameter by 3-in. (76-mm) long rod from one leg opening to the other.

6.6.2

The leg openings on each side of the passive crotch restraint shall not allow complete passage of the wedge block when tested in accordance with 7.11.

6.7 Cradle Swing Orientation—

The angle of the cradle swing surface along the dummy’s head-to-toe axis relative to the horizontal shall not be greater than 5° when tested in accordance to 7.7.

6.8 Seat Angles for Swings with Removable Tray/Armbar or Without Tray/Armbar:

6.8.1

Products with a horizontal axis of swing motion shall meet the requirements described in 6.8.1.1 or 6.8.1.2.
6.8.1.1
The angle between the seat back and horizontal shall be:

and the angle between the seat bottom and horizontal shall be 30° or greater when tested in accordance with 7.14.

6.8.1.2
The product shall include shoulder straps as part of the restraint system.

6.8.2

Products with other than horizontal axis of swing motion shall meet the requirements described in 6.8.2.1 or 6.8.2.2.
6.8.2.1
The angle between the seat bottom and horizontal shall be 5° or greater when tested in accordance with 7.15.
6.8.2.2
The product shall include shoulder straps as part of the restraint system.

7. Test Methods

7.1

The swing shall be tested using fresh alkaline batteries or an a/c power source. If the swing can be operated using both, then both batteries and a/c power must be tested separately. If another battery chemistry is specifically recommended for use in the swing by the manufacturer, repeat the test using the batteries specified by the manufacturer. If the swing will not operate using alkaline batteries, then test with the type of battery recommended by the manufacturer at the specified voltage. The test is to be carried out in a draft-free location, at an ambient temperature of 68 ± 9°F (20 ± 5°C).

7.1.1

Secure the swing so that the seat cannot move during the test. Operate the swing at the maximum speed. Do not disable any mechanical or electrical protective device, such as clutches or fuses. Operate the swing continuously, and record peak temperature. The test shall be discontinued 60 min after the peak temperature is recorded. If the swing shuts off automatically or must be kept “on” by hand or foot, monitor temperatures for 30 s, resetting the swing as many times as necessary to complete the 30 s of operation. If the swing shuts off automatically after an operating time of greater than 30 s, continue the test until the swing shuts off.

7.2 Removal of Protective Components Test:

7.2.1

Any protective component shall be tested in accordance with each of the following methods in the sequence listed.

7.2.2

Securely locate the swing so that is cannot move during the performance of the following tests:

7.2.3 Torque Test—

A torque shall be applied to any graspable component (see 5.8) within a period of 5 s in a clockwise direction until either the component rotates 180° from the original position or the torque attains 2 lbf-in. (0.2 Nm). The torque or maximum rotation shall be maintained for an additional 10 s. The torque shall then be removed and the test components permitted to return to a relaxed condition. This procedure shall then be repeated in the counter-clockwise direction.

7.2.4 Tension Test:

7.2.4.1
Attach a force gage to the component cap, sleeve, or plug by means of any suitable device. For protective components that cannot be reasonably expected to be grasped between thumb and forefinger, or teeth on their outer diameter but have a gap of 0.040 in. (1.0 mm) or more behind the rear surface of the component and the structural member of the swing to which they are attached, a clamp such as the one shown in Fig. 4 may be a suitable device.
Figure 4. Tension Test Adaptor/Clamp The diagram shows the adaptor/clamp with a maximum tension of 15 lbf. 15 lbf (67 N)Maximum Tension

FIG. 4 Tension Test Adapter/Clamp

7.2.4.2
Be sure that the attachment device does not compress or expand the component hindering any possible removal.
7.2.4.3
Gradually apply a force of 15 lbf. (67 N) in the direction that would normally be associated with the removal of the protective component over a 5 s period and hold for an additional 10 s.
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7.3 Structural Integrity:

7.3.1 Dynamic Load:

7.3.1.1 Test Equipment—
Shot bag, 6 to 8 in. (15 to 20 cm) diameter bag filled with shot; total weight 25 lb (11.4 kg). 7.3.1.2 Set-up the swing in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. If the swing seat has more than one height position, recline position, facing direction, tray position, or other adjustable feature position, test the product in the configuration most likely to fail.
7.3.1.3
Place the shot bag on the seating surface of the swing and allow swinging motion to come to rest. Secure the swing so that the seat cannot move during the test. The means of securing the seat shall not affect the outcome of the test. Raise the shot bag a distance of 1 in. (25 mm) above the seat of the swing. Drop the weight onto the seat 500 times with a cycle time of 4 ± 1s/cycle. The drop height is to be adjusted to maintain the 1 in. (25 mm) drop height as is practical.

7.3.2 Static Load Test:

7.3.2.1 Test Equipment—
Wood block, 6 by 6 by ¾ in. (150 by 150 by 19 mm).
7.3.2.2
By any necessary means, place a static load of 75 lb (34.1 kg) or 3 times the manufacturer’s maximum recommended weight, whichever is greater, in the center of the seat distributed by a wood block. Gradually apply the weight within 5 s and maintain for 60 s.

7.4 Stability Test:

7.4.1 Test Equipment:

7.4.1.1 CAMI Mark II Dummy,
17.5 lb (8 kg) (see 2.3 and Fig. 1).
7.4.1.2 Inclined Surface—
A smooth inclined surface with a 1 by 1 in. (25 by 25 mm) stop or equivalent device mounted parallel to the lower edge of the surface and parallel to the floor so as to prevent the swing from sliding, but not prevent it from tipping.

7.4.2 Stability in the Direction of Swing Motion:

7.4.2.1
Adjust the inclined surface to 20° from horizontal.
7.4.2.2
Place the CAMI Dummy Mark II in the swing seat.
7.4.2.3
For a product with a horizontal axis of swing motion, position the product on the inclined surface with the axis of swinging motion parallel to the stop and the lower most frame member(s) in contact with the stop as shown in Fig. 5. If the swing seat has more than one height position, recline position, facing direction, direction of motion, tray position, or other adjustable feature position, test the product in the configuration most likely to fail. Rotate the swing frame 180° and repeat the procedure.
Figure 5. Stability Test A triangle is shown, with an infant swing hanging from the top of the triangle. The triangle is on a ramp that places the entire structure at a 20 degree incline. 20°

FIG. 5 Stability Test

7.4.2.4
For a product with other than horizontal axis of swing motion, position the product on the inclined surface in the most onerous swing orientations such that the product is in contact with the stop. If the swing seat has more than one height position, recline position, facing direction, direction of motion, tray position, or other adjustable feature position, test the product in the configuration most likely to fail.

7.5 Unintentional Folding Test:

7.5.1

With the unit in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, apply a force of 10 lbf (45 N) at the end of a leg in the direction normally associated with folding, while holding opposite leg(s) stationary. Gradually apply the force over 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s. Repeat this test on each leg.

7.6 Restraint System Test:

7.6.1

Secure the swing seat so that it cannot move.

7.6.2

Apply a force of 35 lbf (156 N) to a single attachment point of the restraint system in the normal use direction(s) in which stress would be applied to that attachment. Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s. Repeat a total of five times with a maximum interval of 2 s between tests. Repeat for each attachment point of the restraint system and each fastening device.

7.6.3

Place the CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II in the swing seat with the restraining system engaged according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Tighten the restraint system in such a manner that you can comfortably slide your little finger between the strap and the test dummy. Perform the following test without readjusting the restraining system. Gradually apply a pull force of 35 lbf. (156 N) horizontally to either leg of the test dummy. Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s. Repeat this procedure a total of 5 times with a maximum of 2 s between test.

7.7 Cradle Swing Orientation Test:

7.7.1 Dynamic Angle—

Place the CAMI Newborn Dummy (7.5 lb) into the cradle with its back on the support surface in the most disadvantageous position. The dummy’s head-to-toe centerline must remain parallel to the head-to-toe centerline of the support surface.
7.7.1.1
Start the swing in motion in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Measure the angle of the bed surface along the CAMI’s head-to-toe axis relative to the horizontal. The angle shall be less than 5° as shown in Fig. 6.
Figure 6. Cradle Swing Angle Measurement An infant is shown lying in a rectangular box, which is the cradle swing. The box is horizontal and there is a line extending from the left side of the bottom of the swing towards the right. Below that is another line, also extending from the left side of the box, but this one is angled slightly downward forming a V. A notation indicates that the angle should be less than 5 degrees. <5degree

FIG. 6 Cradle Swing Angle Measurement

7.7.2 Static Angle—

Place the CAMI newborn dummy into the cradle swing with its back on the support surface in the 6 most disadvantageous position. Measure the angle of the bed surface along the CAMI’s head-to-toe axis relative to the horizontal. The angle shall be less than 5° as shown in Fig. 6.

7.8 Permanency of Labels and Warnings:

7.8.1

A paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, it tears into pieces upon removal, or such action damages the surface to which it is attached.

7.8.2

A non-paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed or such action damages the surface to which it is attached.

7.8.3

A warning label attached by a seam shall be considered permanent if it does not detach when subjected to a 15 lbf (67 N) pull force applied in the direction most likely to cause a failure using a ¾ in. (19 mm) diameter clamp surface. Apply the force evenly over 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.

7.9 Adhesion Test for Warnings Applied Directly onto the Surface of the Product:

7.9.1

Apply the tape test defined in Test Method B—Cross-Cut Tape Test of Test Methods D3359 eliminating parallel cuts.

7.9.2

Perform this test once in each different location where warnings are applied.

7.9.3

The warning statements will be considered permanent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attached after being subjected to this test.

7.10

A non-paper label, during an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, shall not be removed or shall not fit entirely within the small parts cylinder defined in 16 CFR 1501 if it can be removed.

7.11 Leg Openings Test:

7.11.1

Secure the chair in its normal standing position so that it cannot move in the direction of the force being applied. Attach the tray in the position that creates the largest leg openings.

7.11.2

Into each leg opening, insert the tapered end of the wedge block, shown in Fig. 7, in the most adverse orientation. Apply a 25-lbf (111-N) force perpendicular to the base of the probe. The force shall be applied gradually within 5 s and maintained for an additional 10 s.
Figure 7. Torso Probe This is 3 diagrams documenting the torso probe, which is a block fabricated from aluminum and having a smooth finish. The block is shaped like a rectangle (with rounded corners), attached to a trapezoid on the bottom, and then a hook below that. The combination of the rectangle and the trapezoid is 4.25 inches high, the rectangle is 3 inches high. The rectangle has a width of 5.5 inches and a depth of 3.0 inches. The trapezoid has 45 degree angles. BLOCK SHALL BEFABRICATED FROMALUMINUM ANDHAVE SMOOTH FINISH 1.0 in.(25mm)Typical 3.0 in.(76 mm) 5.5 in.(140 mm) 45° 3 in.(76 mm) 4.25 in(108 mm)

NOTE 1 — Not to scale.

FIG. 7 Torso Probe

7.11.3

Repeat this procedure with the tray removed if a completely bounded opening exists after the tray is removed.

7.12 Mobile Attachment Strength:

7.12.1

Secure the swing in its normal standing position so that it cannot move in the direction of the force being applied.

7.12.2

Place the back of the swing in the most upright position. Remove positioning accessories, including pillows. 7 Position the segments of the restraint system to limit interaction with the Hinged Weight Gage – Infant (see Fig. 8) when placed in the seat. Place the Hinged Weight Gage – Infant with the hinge located at the junction of the swing back and seat bottom (see Fig. 9). Determine if the lowest point of the toy positioned over the occupant is within 25.25 in. (641.5 mm) of the top surface of the Lower Plate (see Fig. 8) throughout the swing seat’s range of motion. Proceed to 7.12.3 if the distance is 25.25 in. (641.5 mm) or less. The toy is considered out of reach and not tested to 7.12.3 if the distance is greater than 25.25 in. (641.5 mm).
8 Figure 8 This diagram is a complex engineering blueprint. The gage is in the form of a horseshoe. At the bottom of the shoe is a hinge, from which protrudes flat rectangular handle. At the top of the handle, a hole is cut in the form of a rectangle. The shoe is 5.875 inches wide and 6.5 inches across. The inner distance between the tines of the shoe is 4.550 inches. The hinge portion is 2.632 inches. The handle is 14.6 inches long and 3.776 inches across. The upper plate, lower plate, and dowel pin are all made of mild steel. Hinged Weight Gage - Infant Assembled Hinged Weight Gage - Infant 3 2 1 197.50REF (7.776) 175.00 (6.890) R3.18 (.125) 165.10 (6.500) 115.56REF (4.550) R12.700 TYP (.500) 60.00 (2.362) 0.76x45° Break Edges (.030) R31.75 (1.250) R15.00 (.591) 149.225 (5.875) 12.50 (.492) Ø6.35 Slip Fit (.250) FULL R 22.23 (.875) Item #2 Weight (as shown): 2.15 Kg (4.74 Lbs) Ø6.350 (.250) 95.900 (3.776) 0.76 (.030) Item #1 FULL R Ø6.35 Press Fit (.250) 0.76x45° Break Edges (.030) 61.00 (2.402) R3.18 (.125) Item #3 Weight (as shown): 5.74 Kg (12.66 Lbs) 380.00 (14.961) 391.11REF (15.398) R3.18 (.125) 63.50 (2.500) 22.23 (.875) 15.67 (.617) 43.571 (1.715)REF (Adjust this dimension to hold total weight tolerance.) 9.53 (.375) 95.90 (3.776) R15.00 (.591) C L MILD STEEL MILD STEEL MILD STEEL MATERIAL PART NAME QTY ITEM Dowel Pin Lower Plate Upper Plate 3 2 1 1 1 1 ASTM - Hinged Weight Gage - Infant DATE: 5/23/12 SCALE: 0.500 REV: A Gage as shown weight: 7.89 ± .09Kg (17.40 ± .20Lbs) Dimensions are symmetrical about C L C L C L C L C L

NOTE 1 — Dimensions are in millimetres with inches in parenthesis for reference.

FIG. 8 Hinged Weight Gage – Infant

Figure 9. Seat Recline Fixture Placement The diagram has two parts. On the left, there is a hinged board, on which is placed the hinged weight gage. On the right there is a tripod with a chord hanging down from the top and the reclined seat is connected to the chord at the hinge.

FIG. 9 Seat Recline Fixture Placement

7.12.3

Gradually apply a force of 10 lbf to the end of the mobile or component furthest from the swing attachment point. The direction of the force shall be in the most onerous direction and applied at or below the horizontal plane passing through the point at which the force is applied (Fig. 10). Apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.
Figure 10. Mobile Attachment Strength A seat is hunge from a swing. Attached to the frame of the swing are three little bears and other play attachments that are hanging down where the infant can reach them.

NOTE 1 — Hemisphere represents direction the force may be applied in radiating out from + mark.

FIG. 10 Mobile Attachment Strength

7.13 Seat Back Angle Measurement—

Place the back of the swing in the most upright use position. Remove positioning accessories, including pillows. Position the segments of the restraint system to limit interaction with the Hinged Weight Gage – Infant (see Fig. 8) when placed in the seat. Place the Hinged Weight Gage – Infant into the seat with the hinge located at the junction of the swing back and seat bottom (see Fig. 9). Place the inclinometer on the floor and zero the reading. Manually pivot the swing seat to the position that results in the most upright seatback angle. While maintaining this position, place the inclinometer against the Upper Plate of the Hinged Weight Gage and measure the maximum seat back angle as shown in Fig. 11.
Figure 11. Seat Back Angle Measurement A floor is shone with hatch marks and the indicator "zero inclinometer on floor." On the floor is a large tripod with a picture of an inclined seat. The maximum angle is marked and it appears to be slightly less than 90 degrees. Maximum Angle Zero inclinometer on floor

FIG. 11 Seat Back Angle Measurement

7.14

Place the back of the swing in the most upright use position. Remove positioning accessories, including pillows. Position the segments of the restraint system to limit interaction with the Hinged Weight Gage – Infant (see Fig. 8) when placed in the seat. Place the Hinged Weight Gage – Infant with the hinge located at the junction of the swing back and seat bottom (see Fig. 9). Place the inclinometer on the floor and zero the reading. Measure the angle between the seat back and horizontal (see Fig. 12). Measure the angle between seat bottom and horizontal (see Fig. 12).
Figure 12. Angles From Horizontal to Seat Bottom and Back A seat back with a seat bottom attached to it at 90 degrees is shown with the point of connection (the hinge) on the floor and the bottom and back both at an angle to the floor. Two arrows indicate the angles. One goes from the floor to the seat bottom, the other goes from the floor to the seat back. Seat Bottom Seat Back Horizontal

FIG. 12 Angles From Horizontal to Seat Bottom and Back

7.15

Place the back of the swing in the most upright use position. Remove positioning accessories, including pillows. Position the segments of the restraint system to limit interaction with the Hinged Weight Gage – Infant (see Fig. 8) when placed in the seat. Place the Hinged Weight Gage – Infant with the hinge located at the junction of the swing back and seat bottom (see Fig. 9). Place the inclinometer on the floor and zero the reading. Manually pivot the swing seat to the position that results in the minimum seat bottom angle. While maintaining this position, measure the angle between the Lower Plate of the Hinged Weight Gage and horizontal (see Fig. 12).

8. Marking and Labeling

8.1

Each product and its retail carton shall be marked clearly and legibly to indicate the following:

8.1.1

Name, and place of business (city, state and zip code), or telephone number of manufacturer, importer, distributor, or seller.

8.1.2

Model number, stock number, catalog number, item number, or other symbol expressed numerically, or otherwise, such that only articles of identical construction, composition, and dimensions shall bear identical markings. The manufacturer shall change the model number whenever a significant structural or design modification is made that affects its conformance with this consumer safety specification.

8.1.3

Code mark or other means that identifies the date (month and year as a minimum) manufactured.

8.2

Any upholstery label required by law shall not be used to meet the requirements of 8.1.

8.3

Each product shall have warning statements. The warning statements shall be in contrasting colors, permanent, conspicuous, and in sans serif style font. The warning statements shall be preceded by the safety alert symbol “⚠” and the word “WARNING.” The word “WARNING” and the safety alert symbol shall not be less than 0.2 in. (5 mm) high. The remainder of the text shall be at least 0.10 in. (2.5 mm) high.

8.3.1

The warning statements shall address the following at a minimum:
8.3.1.1
To prevent serious injury or death from infants falling or being strangled in straps:
  1. Always secure infant in the restraint system provided.
  2. Never leave infant unattended in swing.
  3. Discontinue use of swing when infant attempts to climb out
  4. Travel swings (see 3.1.11) shall address the following:
    1. Always place swing on floor. Never use on any elevated surface.
8.3.1.2
Products having an adjustable seat recline with a maximum seat back angle greater than 50° from horizontal measured in accordance with 7.13 shall address the following:
  1. Keep swing seat fully reclined until child is at least 4 months old AND can hold up head without help. If seat is too upright, infant’s head can drop forward, compress the airway, and result in DEATH.

8.3.2

Cradle swing units shall replace the warnings in 8.3.1 with the warnings in 8.3.2.1 and 8.3.2.2. Combination swings that have a cradle mode and a seated mode shall include the warnings in 8.3.1, 8.3.2.1, and 8.3.2.2.
8.3.2.1
The warning statements shall address the following: To help prevent falls:
  1. Discontinue use of cradle swing when infant can roll over or push up on hands and knees.
  2. Never leave infant unattended in swing.
8.3.2.2 The warning statements shall address the following:

Infants can suffocate:

  1. In gaps between a mattress too small or too thick and product sides.
  2. On soft bedding. NEVER add a mattress, pillow, comforter, or padding. Use ONLY mattress/pad provided by manufacturer.

8.3.3

Swings that are powered by a wind-up spring mechanism shall have a warning that addresses attempting to open or take apart the mechanism may result in serious injury.

8.4

Swings that use more than one battery in one circuit shall have information in or immediately adjacent to the battery compartment that addresses the following at a minimum (remote control devices are exempt from the requirements in 8.4):
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8.4.1

Old and new batteries should not be mixed.

8.4.2

Alkaline, standard carbon-zinc, and rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries should not be mixed.

8.4.3

Remove batteries before putting swing into storage for a prolonged period of time.

9. Instructional Literature

9.1

Instructions shall be provided with the swing in written form and shall be easy to read and understand. These instructions shall clearly include information regarding assembly, maintenance, cleaning, and use.

9.2

The instructions must include the warnings in 8.3.

9.2.1

If the warning in 8.3.1.2 is applicable, it shall address the following:
9.2.1.1
Keep swing seat fully reclined until child is at least 4 months old AND can hold up head without help. Young infants have limited head and neck control. If seat is too upright, infant’s head can drop forward, compress the airway, and result in DEATH.

10. Keywords

10.1

swing
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APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. RATIONALE

X1.1 Subsection 6.5.2—

Recommendations for infant car seat recline angles are between 45 and 60° measured from horizontal.7 The incident data for infant swings indicated instances where the occupant was repositioned or slumped over in the seating area. Having shoulder restraints for seat back angles greater than 50° from horizontal will aid in keeping the occupant positioned in the seat area. The 50° angle is on the low side of the infant car seat recline angle range as a conservative measure.

⁷ SafetyBeltSafe U.S.A., Child Passenger Safety Technical Encyclopedia and AAP Pediatrics, Vol. 109, No. 3, March 2002, pp. 550–553 (www.carseat.org).

X1.2 Subsection 6.8.1—

The seat angles were determined based on product comparisons and anecdotal analysis of field reports. The test is evaluating a moving seat in a static configuration. The angle limitations are designated to provide adequate containment throughout the seat’s range of motion.

X1.3 Subsection 6.8.2—

The required seat angles ensure that the seat bottom will have a positive angle in all orientations. 11 The angle limitation for the seat bottom is designated to provide adequate containment throughout the seat’s range of motion.

X1.4 Subsection 7.3.1, Dynamic Load—

25 lb is approximate weight for 95 % 10 to 12-month-old. Fifty drop cycles from 1 in. is equivalent to Hook-on Chair standard.

X1.5 Subsection 7.11, Leg Openings Test—

The existing High Chair wedge block was selected to evaluate leg openings as it would account for diaper/clothing being worn by the swing occupant. The evolution of high chair use and recline features are accommodating much smaller children than in the past while the wedge block test continues to effectively address leg opening size.

X1.6 Subsection 7.12, Mobile Attachment Strength—

26 in. seated reach height calculated from 95th percentile 7 to 9 month old anthropometric data, the 25.25 in. distance is the result of subtracting the board thickness from the seated reach distance, 10 lbf derived from 16 CFR 1500.51(f)(ii)(3) tension test for children 18 months or less.

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