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F1169 - 13

Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby Cribs¹

This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (ɛ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

¹ This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.

Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F1169 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/F1169-13.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

INTRODUCTION

This consumer safety specification addresses crib incidents that were identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).

CPSC received reports of strangulations incidents associated with crib corner post extensions and incidents concerning failure of crib hardware and other structural components of cribs that also resulted in fatalities.

In response to the incident data collected by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts to minimize the risk of injury or death due to: failure of mattress support hardware, failure of glued or bolted connections, side latch failure, and dislodgment of teething rails. This safety specification also addresses incidents associated with poor maintenance or assembly by means of requirements for the contents of instructional literature that must accompany a crib.

1. Scope

1.1

This consumer safety specification establishes performance requirements and test procedures to determine the structural integrity of full-size cribs. It also contains design requirements addressing entanglement on crib corner post extensions, and requirements for warning labels and instructional material. It also covers bassinet, changing table, or similar accessories to a crib that when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position are in the occupant retention area. These accessories shall also comply with the applicable requirements of the ASTM International standards addressing those accessories. For example, a changing table that attaches to a crib shall also comply with the applicable requirements in Consumer Safety Specification F2388. This specification does not cover inflatable products.

1.2

No crib produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.

1.3

The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.4

The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards: ²

² For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

2.2 Federal Standards:³

³ Available from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207.

2.3 European Standard: ⁴

⁴ Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.

3. Terminology

3.1 accessory, n—

component with a rigid frame such as a bassinet or changing table that attaches to or rests on a crib in the occupant retention area only and that because of its structure, location, or movement, may expose crib occupant to an opening presenting an entrapment hazard.

3.1.1 Discussion—

It does not include (1) items that hang outside the occupant retention areas, such as organizers and storage bags; (2) canopies that have no rigid frame members running alongside any top rail; (3) components that attach only to another accessory and not directly to the crib; (4) dressing tables and bassinets that are attached to the crib and outside the occupant retention area; or (5) toy accessories covered under 5.11.

3.2 cord, n—

length of slender flexible material including monofilaments, rope, woven and twisted cord, plastic and textile tapes, ribbon, and those materials commonly called string.

3.3 dynamic load, n—

application of an impulsive force by a free falling mass.

3.4 folding side, n—

a side, or a part thereof, that is intended to fold or pivot with respect to the frame when the product is in the manufacturer’s recommended use position to provide easier access to the occupant.

3.5 full-size crib, n—

a bed that is designed to provide sleeping accommodations for an infant that is intended for use in the home and is within a range of 62 in. (65.1 cm) of the interior length or width dimensions specified for full-size baby cribs in 5.7.

3.5.1 Discussion—

Cribs having an interior length dimension either greater than 55 in. (139.7 cm) or smaller than 49 ¾ in. (126.3 cm), or an interior width dimension greater than 30 ⅝ in. (77.7 cm) or smaller than 25 ⅜ in. (64.3 cm), or both, are considered non-full-size cribs and do not fall within the scope of this specification.

3.6 key structural elements, n—

side assemblies, end assemblies, mattress supports, or stabilizing bars which create the occupant retention area.

3.7 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—

any position that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for use of the product; this specifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.

3.8 mattress support system, n—

those components of a bed structure that are intended for a mattress to rest upon.

3.9 moveable side, n—

top portion of an otherwise stationary side that is intended to move with respect to the frame (other than a folding side) when the product is in the manufacturer’s recommended use position to provide easier access to the occupant.

3.10 nonpaper label, n—

any label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tears leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.

3.11 occupant, n—

that individual who is in the product when it is setup in one of the manufacturer’s use positions.

3.12 occupant retention area, n—

any area designated by the manufacturer as being the recommended sleeping area for the occupant of the product.

3.13 static load, n—

force applied by a calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.

3.14 stationary side, n—

a side or end panel that is not intended to fold, slide or move with respect to the frame when the product is in the manufacturer’s recommended use position.

3.15 strap, n—

piece of flexible material of which the width is significantly greater than the thickness.

3.16 structural failure, n—

damage to a component(s) or assembly resulting in partial separation (greater than 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) over original configuration), or complete separation of the component(s) or assembly.

4. Calibration and Standardization

4.1

All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor which may be covered with ⅛-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering.

4.2

The crib shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

4.3

No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.

4.4

The item to be tested shall be in a room with ambient temperature of 73.4 ± 9°F (23 ± 5°C) for at least 24 h prior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.

5. General Requirements

5.1

Before performing any of the tests in this specification all wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.

5.1.1

All wood parts shall be free from splits, cracks, or other defects that might lead to structural failure.

5.2 Surface Coatings—

The paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.

5.3 Small Parts—

There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to this specification.

5.4 Corner Posts:

2

5.4.1

No corner post assembly shall extend more than 0.06 in. (1.50 mm) above the upper edge of an end or side panel, whichever is higher, when measured from the lowest point on the upper edge of the end or side panel within 3 in. (76 mm) from the outermost contour of the post or elbow (see Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Illustration of Requirements for Crib Corner Post Extensions A crib corner post on the left is connected to a crib end or side panel on the right. The crib corner post may extend on top of the crib end by 0.06 in. max. A line from the left edge of the crib corner post to the middle of the crib end or side panel portion shown has a label that says that the corner post extension measured from lowest point on top of panel within 3 in. of outermost countour of post or elbow. CORNER POST EXTENSIONMEASURED FROM LOWESTPOINT ON TOP OF PANELWITHIN 3 in. (76 MM)OF OUTERMOST CONTOUROF POST OR ELBOW 0.06 in. Max.(1.5 mm) CRIB END OR SIDE PANEL CRIBCORNER POST

FIG. 1 Illustration of Requirements for Crib Corner Post Extensions

5.4.1.1
This requirement applies when any moveable side/ folding side is in either the raised or lowered position.

5.4.2

The limitations in 5.4.1 do not apply to a corner post assembly that extends at least 16 in. (400 mm) above the uppermost surface of the side rail in its highest position.

5.4.3

Corner posts intended to accept removable vertical extensions made up of two or more segments (such as canopy post extensions) shall not permit the attachment of individual segments such that the resultant vertical extension would be in violation of the dimensional requirements of 5.4.

5.5 Slat Construction—

Slats shall not contain any lateral/ transverse joints such as finger-joints, and other means of joining pieces of lumber end-to-end are not permitted.

5.6 Crib Side Configurations:

5.6.1

Cribs with side(s) having movable components intended to aid in access to the occupant shall have those sides rigidly attached to the crib ends and contain no movable section less than 20 in. (51 cm) above the top of the mattress support in its lowest adjustable position.

5.6.2

Cribs with only stationary sides shall meet the following criteria: The height of the uppermost surface of any top horizontal rail shall be at least 15 in. (38 cm) above the top surface of the mattress support in its highest adjustable position.

5.6.3

Should any adjacent sides of a crib that have slats or spindles have a height difference between their top rails of more than 6 in. and either of their top rails are less than 40 in. (102 cm) high as measured from the top of the mattress support in its lowest position to the top of the sides, then the higher of the two sides may not have a toe hold (as defined in 5.9) that is located more than 6 in. (15 cm) below the top of the side. The height difference shall be measured within 6 in. (15 cm) of the intersection of the two sides. This provision does not apply to folding or moveable sides. The top horizontal rail of an adjacent side shall not be considered a toe hold. This provision does not apply to toe holds located less than 3 in. (7.6 cm) from the top of the mattress support in its lowest position as allowed in 5.9.

5.7 Full-Size Baby Cribs—Dimensions:

5.7.1

The interior dimensions shall be 28 ± ⅝ in. (71 ± 1.6 cm) wide as measured between the innermost surfaces of the crib sides and 52 ⅜ ± ⅝ in. (133 ± 1.6 cm) long as measured between the innermost surfaces of the crib end panels, slats, rods, or spindles. Both measurements are to be made at the level of the mattress support in each of its adjustable positions and no more than 2 in. (5 cm) from the crib corner posts or from the first spindle to the corresponding point of the first spindle at the other end of the crib. If a crib has contoured or decorative spindles, in either or both of the sides or ends, the measurement shall be determined from the largest diameter of the first turned spindle within a range of 4 in. (10 cm) above the mattress support in each of its adjustable positions, to a corresponding point on the first spindle or innermost surface of the opposite side of the crib.

5.7.2 Rail Height—

The rail height dimensions shall be as follows:
5.7.2.1
The height of the rail and end panel as measured from the top of the rail or panel in its lowest position to the top of the mattress support in its highest position shall be at least 9 in. (22.8 cm).
5.7.2.2
The height of the rail and end panel as measured from the top of the rail or panel in its highest position to the top of the mattress support in its lowest position shall be at least 26 in. (66 cm).

5.8 Spacing of Crib Components:

5.8.1

The distance between components (such as slats, spindles, crib rods, and corner posts) shall not be greater than 2 ⅜ in. (6 cm) at any point. Measurement of distance between contoured or irregular slats or spindles shall be done by a 2 ⅜-in. wide by 4-in. high by 4-in. long (6-cm wide by 10-cm high by 10-cm long) rectangular block that shall not pass through the space.

5.8.2

The distance between such components shall not exceed 2 ½ in. (6.3 cm) when a 20-lb (9-kg) direct force is applied in accordance with the test method in 7.8. For contoured or irregular slats or spindles, the spacing shall not permit passage of a 2 ½-in. wide by 3 ¼-in. high by 3 ¼-in. long (6.3-cm wide by 8.2-cm high by 8.2-cm long) rectangular block above and below the loading wedge when a 20-lb (9-kg) direct force is applied in accordance with said test method.

5.9 Toe Holds—

Crib end panels and sides or any attachment thereto shall have no horizontal bar, ledge, projection, or other surface accessible to a child inside the crib capable of being used as a toehold located more than 3 in. (7.6 cm) and less than 20 in. (51 cm) above the mattress support in its lowest position when the side rail is in its highest position. In no case will any gap between the top surface of the mattress support and the bottom of the lower horizontal rail be permitted. For the 3 purposes of this paragraph, any horizontal ledge or projection with a depth dimension greater than ⅜ in. (1 cm) shall constitute a toehold. The top horizontal rail of an adjacent side shall not be considered a toe hold.

5.10 Hardware and Fasteners—

A crib shall be designed and constructed in a manner that eliminates from any hardware accessible to a child within the crib the possibility of the hardware’s presenting a mechanical hazard through pinching, bruising, lacerating, crushing, breaking, amputating, or otherwise injuring portions of the human body when the crib is in normal use or when subjected to reasonably foreseeable damage or abuse.

5.10.1 Wood Screws—

Wood screws shall not be used in the assembly of stationary sides, folding sides, or stabilizing bars to crib ends or other components that must be removed by the consumer in the normal disassembly of a crib.
5.10.1.1
No crib shall require consumer assembly of key structural elements using wood screw fasteners. This shall not apply to drawers or other storage components or accessory items.

5.10.2

Factory assembly using wood screws on key structural elements is allowed if the wood screws are a second method of attachment or the wood screws include a lock washer, glue or other means to impede loosening or detachment.

5.10.3

Metal inserts with external wood screw threads for screwing into a wood component and providing internal machine threads to accommodate a machine screw shall be glued or include other means to impede loosening or detaching.

5.10.4

Wood screws are permitted to be used as the primary fasteners or only fasteners for non-key structural elements.

5.10.5

Metal threaded fasteners, such as sheet metal screws and machine screws, secured into metal components and used to attach key structural elements shall have lock washers, self-locking nuts, or other means to impede loosening as defined in 6.6.2 or detachment during the testing required by this specification.

5.11

Toy accessories attached to, removed from, or sold with a product, as well as their means of attachment, must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F963.

5.12 Recordkeeping—

A manufacturer or importer of cribs shall keep and maintain for six years after production or importation of each lot, or other suitable identifying unit, records of sale, distribution, and results of all inspections and tests conducted in accordance with this specification. These records shall be made available upon request, at reasonable times to any officer, employee, or agent action on behalf of the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The manufacturer or importer shall permit such officer, employee, or agent to inspect and copy such records, make such inventories of stock as he deems necessary, and otherwise verify the accuracy of such records.

5.13

Except as noted in 6.7, before and after testing, the product shall comply with all the requirements of Section 5.

5.14

There shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 1500.49 before or after testing to this specification.

5.15

There shall be no flammable solids as defined in 16 CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) before or after testing in accordance with this specification.

5.16 Openings—

Holes or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm), but are limited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product shall be evaluated in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions. Holes and openings in surfaces that are in contact with the floor or are in the mattress support or below the mattress support are exempt from this requirement because they are deemed not accessible to the occupant or child on the outsides of the product.
Figure 2. Opening Examples Figure 2 shows a tube with a hole in it. An inset shows a release button that pokes through that hole, which when depresses allows one to fold the stroller. A second inset shows the maximum depths of the hole per Clause 5.6. < 0.375 (9.53 mm) 0.375(9.53 mm)Max.

FIG. 2 Opening Example

5.17 Scissoring, Shearing, or Pinching—

A product, when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, shall be designed and constructed to prevent injury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probe that is greater than 0.210 in. (5.30 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.50 mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts. These requirements do not apply to the recognized and familiar hazards associated with the raising or closing action of moveable or foldable sides.

5.18 Labeling:

5.18.1

Paper warning labels shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.14.1.

5.18.2

Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.14.2.

5.18.3

Warning labels attached by a seam shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.14.3.

5.18.4

Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.14.4.

5.18.5

Storage pouch or other part with warning statements printed on it, excluding labels, shall be considered permanent if it cannot be removed when tested in accordance with 7.14.5.

5.19 Cord/Strap Length—

No cord or strap made of a flexible material such as fabric, elastic, or plastic having a free stretched length in excess of 7.4 in. (188 mm) shall be attached to a product. Restraint straps that are attached to accessories outside of the occupant retention area shall only be evaluated for the length that can extend into the occupant retention area. Test in accordance with 7.13.

5.20 Cribs that Fold for Storage or Transport—

Any unit that folds for storage or transport shall have a locking device or 4 other provision in the design that will prevent the unit from unintentionally folding when properly placed in the manufacturer’s recommended use position.

5.20.1

During and upon completion of all testing, the unit shall remain in its manufacturer’s recommended use position.

5.20.2

If a unit is designed with a locking device:
5.20.2.1
That device shall remain engaged and operative after testing.
5.20.2.2
Each single-action locking device that is provided to prevent folding shall require a minimum force of 10 lbf (45 N) to activate the release mechanism when tested in accordance with 7.12.

6. Performance Requirements

6.1 Plastic Teething Rail Test Requirement—

The feeler gage specified in 7.1.2.1 shall not enter any gap created by the deflection or deformation, or both, of the plastic teething rail resulting from the application of a 50-lbf (222-N) vertically downward force.

6.2 Cycle Testing—

No crib shall exhibit structural failure, loosening of fasteners as defined in 6.2.1, damage to latching or locking mechanisms, or failure of latching or locking mechanisms when tested in accordance with the test methods in 7.2.
5

6.2.1

After testing in accordance with the procedure in 7.2, key structural elements attached by screws or threaded fasteners shall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1.00 mm) upon completion of testing.

6.3 Crib Side Latch Test Requirements:

6.3.1

The latching mechanism securing a moveable or folding side of a crib shall automatically engage when the side is placed in the normal use position.

6.3.2

The latching mechanism shall not disengage during the tests conducted in accordance with the procedure in 7.3.4 or 7.3.5 (whichever is appropriate), and shall continue to function in the intended manner upon completion of the tests.

6.3.3

Each single-action latching device that is provided to secure a moveable or folding side shall require a minimum force of 10 lbf (4.5 kg) to activate the release mechanism or shall consist of a double-action device requiring two distinct and separate actions for release.

6.4 Mattress Support System Vertical Impact Test Requirements—

After testing in accordance with the procedure in 7.4, the crib shall comply with the requirements of Section 5. Key structural elements attached by screws shall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1.00 mm) upon completion of testing.

6.5 Mattress Support System Test Requirement—

When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.5, the mattress support system shall not detach from the crib at any point of attachment, or the force applied in 7.5.3.6 cannot be maintained for 10 s.

6.6 Crib Side Test Requirements—

Each crib side containing spindles or slats shall be tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.6.

6.6.1

After completion of the cyclic and static portions of the side tests, the crib shall comply with the requirements of Section 5 and no spindles or slats shall have broken or completely separated from the top or bottom rail. Complete separation shall be determined by placing a right triangular prism shaped wedge (see Fig. 3) between two spindles or slats adjacent to the rail from which these have separated and applying a 20-lbf (90-N) pull force to the wedge in a direction normal to the plane of the crib side. If a spindle or slat moves away from the hole in the rail in which it was formerly secured, complete separation has occurred.
Figure 3. Crib Slat Loading Wedge This diagram depicts a right triangular prism shaped wedge. On top of that wedge is a steel eyebolt 1/4 x 3 inches, connected with 2 1/4 inch steel nutes, 2 1/4 inche steel plain washers and 1 1/4 inch lockwasher. The prism device is 2-1/8 inches tall. From the center of the device to the edge is 2-3/8 inches. 12 cm (4 3/4") 3.8 cm(1 1/2") 1.9cm(3/4") 6 cm (2 3/8") 45° 45° 90°±1/2° 5.4 cm (2 1/8") END GRAIN 1 — 1/4 - 20 x 3Lg STL EYEBOLT2 — 1/4 - 20 STL HEX NUT2 — 1/4 x 1/2 o.d. STL PLAIN WASHER1 — 1/4 HELICAL SPRING STL LOCKWASHER —

FIG. 3 Crib Slat Loading Wedge

6.6.2

Components attached by screws shall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1 mm) upon completion of testing.

6.6.3

Any spindles or slats that could be rotated during the torque test shall comply with the spacing of crib components of Section 5 when turned to their most adverse position.

6.7 Spindle/Slat Strength Testing—

After testing in accordance with the procedure in 7.7, there shall be no complete breakage of any spindle/slat or complete separation of either end of a spindle/slat from the crib assembly’s horizontal members when tested per 7.7.2 and 7.7.3 except as explained in 7.7.4. Any failure, as defined in this paragraph, when testing per 7.7.4 and 7.7.5 shall constitute a failure of the test. Audible indications during testing shall not constitute evidence of failure. After testing, the spacing between all adjacent intact spindles/slats shall comply with requirements of 5.8.2. Spacing between slats that have an intervening gap due to an allowable slat breakage shall not be evaluated for compliance with 5.8.2. Any resultant damage to the rail or slat, or both, arising from an allowed slat breakage, under subsection 7.7, shall not be evaluated for compliance with any other section of this standard.

6.8 Cutouts—

Cribs shall comply with the requirements for cutouts when tested in accordance with the method outlined in 7.9.

6.9 Entrapment in Accessories—

These requirements apply to accessories as defined in 3.1 that attach to or rest on a crib. (See Fig. 4 for an example of an accessory that attaches to the crib on one side and has attachment points that rest on the crib on the other side.) This only applies to accessories in the occupant retention area.
Figure 4. Example of Accessory Attached to Crib A person is lifting up an accessory that is attached to one side of the crib.

FIG. 4 Example of Accessory Attached to Crib

6.9.1

When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.10, openings shall not allow the complete passage of the small head probe shown in Fig. 5, unless they allow the complete passage of the large head probe shown in Fig. 6.
Figure 5. Small Head Probe The diagram shows 3 views of the head probe. From the top, the probe is an ellipse (stadium oval) 5.7 in. wide and 4.3 in. high and the circular portion of the ellipse is 2.15 in radius. From the side there is a rectangle with a half-elipse on the top. The object is 5.2 in. high and 5.7 in. wide at the base. On the bottom of the base, there is the handle. The circular part of the ellipse has a radius of 2.15 inches (typical). From the other side, it looks like a rectangle with a half-circle on top. The half-circle has a radius of 2.15 inches typically. 4.3 in.(109 mm) 5.2 in.(132 mm) 2.15 in. (54.6 mm)Rad. Typical 2.15 in. (54.6 mm)Rad. Typical 2.15 in. (54.6 mm)Rad. Typical 5.7 in. (145 mm) Base of Probe Handle

NOTE 1 — Dimensions are based on a 5th percentile 6-month-old child. Gauge may be modified to facilitate testing to allow for pulling of the gauge.

FIG. 5 Small Head Probe

Figure 6. Large Head Probe The end view is a circle of diameter of 9 inches. The side view is a trapezoid with the narrow part on the bottom. The bottom is 8.0 inches in diameter and 3 inches high. On top of that is a 1-inch high rectangle, labeled "base of probe." There is a handle sticking up from the base. SIDE VIEW HANDLE END VIEW Base of Probe 1.0 IN. (25mm) 4.0 IN.(100mm) 8.0 IN.DIA(200mm) 9.0 IN. DIA.(230 mm)

NOTE 1 — The 9.0 in. diameter is based on the back-of-head to tip-of-chin dimension for a 97th percentile 3-year old.

FIG. 6 Large Head Probe

6.9.2

When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.10, all attachment points shall remain attached and any opening exposed by the test shall not allow the complete passage of the small head probe shown in Fig. 5.

6.10 Mattress Support System Openings—

There shall be no openings in the mattress support system that will permit complete passage of the wedge block described in Fig. 7 when tested in accordance with 7.11.
Figure 7. Wedge Block This is 3 diagrams documenting the torso probe, which is a block fabricated from aluminum and having a smooth finish. The block is shaped like a rectangle (with rounded corners), attached to a trapezoid on the bottom, and then a hook below that. The combination of the rectangle and the trapezoid is 4.25 inches high, the rectangle is 3 inches high. The rectangle has a width of 5.5 inches and a depth of 3.0 inches. The trapezoid has 45 degree angles. BLOCK SHALL BEFABRICATED FROMALUMINUM ANDHAVE SMOOTH FINISHWT. 6 LB. 1.0 in.(25mm)Typical 3.3 in.(84 mm) 5.5 in.(140 mm) 45° 3 in.(76 mm) 4.5 in.(114 mm)

FIG. 7 Wedge Block

6.11

The performance testing requirements of this section shall be performed in the following order:

7. Test Methods

7.1 Plastic Teething Rail Test:

6 7

7.1.1 General—

This test consists of deforming the plastic teething rail under load to determine the security of the attachment.

7.1.2 Apparatus for Plastic Teething Rail Test:

7.1.2.1 Feeler Gage,
0.040 by 1 in. (1.00 by 25 mm).
7.1.2.2 Hardwood Block,
with 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm) contact area.
7.1.2.3 Hardware,
to apply 50 lbf (222 N) to block.

7.1.3 Procedure for Plastic Teething Rail Test:

7.1.3.1
Install the teething rail per normal manufacturing practice.
7.1.3.2
With the plastic teething rail assembled to crib top rail, apply a 50-lbf (222-N) vertically downward force to the top of the teething rail through the hardwood block at the center top of the teething rail. While maintaining this force, determine if the 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) feeler gage can be inserted between the vertical surfaces of the top rail and the inside surface or edge of the plastic teething rail (see Fig. 8).
Figure 8. Teething Rail Test The diagram shows a top rail section, with the teething rail on the very top of that. A 50 lbf force is applied to the center point of the rail. There is a feeler gauge affixed to the rail just below where the teething rail ends. A line on the other side of the teething rail points upwards and is labelled "reaction" 50 Lbf FORCE (220 N) TEETHING RAIL REACTION TOP RAIL SECTION FEELER GAUGE 50 Lbf FORCE(220 N) CENTER POINT OF RAIL TEETHING RAIL TOP RAIL FEELER GAUGE

FIG. 8 Teething Rail Test

7.1.3.3
Repeat 7.1.3.2 at center location wherever a plastic teething rail is located.

7.2 Dynamic Structural Tests:

7.2.1 Horizontal Cyclic Testing:

7.2.1.1
The crib, including any accessories that are rigidly mounted to the crib, shall be assembled per the manufacturer’s instructions except that any wheels or casters shall not be assembled. The testing in this section shall be conducted without casters. Items, such as drawers and hampers, when assembled in the manufacturer’s recommended use positions, that are intended to move or slide and can be removed without the aid of tools shall be removed before testing.
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7.2.1.2
The crib legs or base shall be restrained by an appropriate method to prohibit movement of the crib and shall not impede the application of the load or deflection of the side being tested for all phases of this test procedure.
7.2.1.3
By any appropriate means, mark and note the position and condition of all key structural elements to support evaluation of 6.2.1.
7.2.1.4
Using a rigid frame structure and an appropriately designed apparatus, apply a cyclical horizontal load of 27 ± 2 lbf (120 ± 9 N) to the geometric center of the top of each side/end assembly at a point no more than 1 in from the top of the rail on the assembly being tested. The force shall be applied to the crib through a rigid 2 in. (51 mm) wide clamping device in both the inward and outward directions, a cycle being defined as the application of the 27 lbf force in each direction. The frequency shall be no less than 155 ± 5 cycles per minute. The total number of cycles shall be 9000.

NOTE 1 — An appropriately designed apparatus for applying the 27 lbf to the crib assembly must be designed to maintain the 27 lbf for the duration of the cycle testing. The resistance of the crib assembly may change with repeated cycling requiring a different deflection distance to achieve the constant application of 27 lbf.

7.2.1.5
Repeat the steps described in 7.2.1.3 and 7.2.1.4 for all remaining side/end assemblies of the crib without retightening any of the fasteners.
7.2.1.6
Inspect the crib and the fasteners to ensure compliance with 6.2.

7.2.2 Vertical Cyclic Testing:

7.2.2.1
The crib, including any accessories that are rigidly mounted to the crib, shall be assembled per the manufacturer’s instructions except that any wheels or casters shall not be assembled. The testing in this section shall be conducted without casters. Items, like drawers and hampers, when assembled in the manufacturers recommended use positions, that are intended to move or slide and can be removed without the aid of tools shall be removed before testing.
7.2.2.2
The crib legs or base shall be restrained by an appropriate method to prohibit movement of the crib and shall not impede the application of the load or deflection of the side being tested for all phases of this test procedure.
7.2.2.3
By any appropriate means, mark and note the position and condition of all key structural elements to support evaluation of 6.2.1.
7.2.2.4
Using a rigid frame structure and an appropriately designed apparatus, apply a cyclical vertical load of 27 ± 2 lbf (120 ± 9 N) to the geometric center of the top of each side/end 9 assembly at a point centered no more than 1 in from the top of the rail on the assembly being tested. The force shall be applied to the crib through a rigid 2-in. (51-mm) wide clamping device in both the upward and downward directions, a cycle being defined as the application of the 27 lbf force in each direction. The frequency shall be no less than 155 ± 5 cycles per minute. The total number of cycles shall be 9000.

NOTE 2 — An appropriately designed apparatus for applying the 27 lbf to the crib assembly must be designed to maintain the 27 lbf for the duration of the cycle testing. The resistance of the crib assembly may change with repeated cycling requiring a different deflection distance to achieve the constant application of 27 lbf.

7.2.2.5
Repeat the steps in 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4 for all remaining assemblies of the crib without retightening any of the fasteners.
7.2.2.6
Inspect the crib and the fasteners to ensure compliance with 6.2.

7.3 Crib Side Latch Test:

7.3.1 General—

This test assists in evaluating the integrity of the crib side latching system under abusive load conditions. The test applies a force to a movable/folding crib side in a direction tending to cause latch failure while a horizontal force is applied parallel to the major axis of the crib.

7.3.2 Apparatus for Crib Side Latch Test:

7.3.2.1
Hardwood block with a contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm) for distribution of applied loads.

7.3.3 Procedure for Crib Side Latch Test:

7.3.3.1
Casters shall not be installed on crib. Secure the bottom of the crib in a manner that will prevent horizontal motion.

7.3.4 Moveable Side Latch Test:

7.3.4.1
Gradually apply within 5 s a vertically downward force of 60 lbf (270 N) through a hardwood block with a 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm) contact area to the upper horizontal rail of the crib side at a point that is 6 in. (150 mm) from one end of the rail. While the 60-lbf (270-N) downward force is applied to the crib side, gradually apply within 5 s a 30-lbf (133-N) horizontal force in a direction parallel to the moveable side. The point of application of this force shall be in the plane of the moveable side and 1 in. (25 mm) down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for construction not incorporating crib corner posts (see Fig. 9). Maintain this horizontal force for 30 s then reverse its direction and maintain it for an additional 30 s.
Figure 9. Crib Side Latch Test This is an engineering diagram with two parts. On top is the folding side test. Below that is the moveable side test. For the folding side test, a 30 lb force is applied to the folding side top rail on top of the side spindles, at least 6 inches from the side rail with a 2x2 inch block. Another 30 lbf force is aplied directly to the side rail, holding 30 seconds in each direction. The bottom diagram also shows a side rail, with a dropside top rail extending outwards from it and side spindles descending from the dropside top rail. A 2x2 inch block is put on top of the dropside top rail and a 60 lbf vertical force is applied. A 30 lbf horizontal force is applied to the side rail, and is held 30 second in each direction. FOLDING SIDETEST MOVEABLESIDE TEST 2" X 2"BLOCK 2" X 2"BLOCK POST 6" POST 6" 30 LBF FORCE 60 LBF VERTICALFORCE FOLDING SIDETOP RAIL MOVEABLE SIDE TOPRAIL 1" 1" 30 LBFHORIZONTALFORCE (HOLD30 SECONDSIN EACHDIRECTION) 30 LBFHORIZONTALFORCE (HOLD30 SECONDSIN EACHDIRECTION)

FIG. 9 Crib Side Latch Test

7.3.4.2
Repeat this procedure at the other end of the crib moveable side and, if the crib has more than one moveable side, perform the test at each end of each moveable side.
7.3.4.3
Upon completion of the test, release the moveable side latch and lower the crib side. Then raise the side and observe whether the latch automatically engages in the manner intended by the manufacturer.

7.3.5 Folding Side Latch Test:

7.3.5.1
Place the folding side in the latched position. Through a hardwood block with contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm), gradually apply within 5 s a force of 30 lbf (133-N) horizontally outward, perpendicular to, and at a point that is 6 in. (150 mm) from one end of the folding side upper rail. While this 30-lbf (133-N) force is applied to the crib side, gradually apply within 5 s a 30-lbf (133-N) horizontal force in a direction parallel to the folding side. The point of application of this force shall be in the plane of the folding side and 1 in. (25 mm) down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for construction not incorporating crib corner posts—see Fig. 9). Maintain this horizontal force for 30 s then reverse its direction and maintain it for an additional 30 s.
7.3.5.2
Place the folding side in the latched position. Through a hardwood block with contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm), gradually apply within 5 s a force of 30 lbf (133-N) horizontally inward, perpendicular to, and at a point that is 6 in. (150 mm) from one end of the folding side upper rail. While this 30-lbf (133-N) force is applied to the crib side, gradually apply within 5 s a 30-lbf (133-N) horizontal force in a direction parallel to the folding side. The point of application of this force shall be in the plane of the folding side and 1 in. (25 mm) down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for construction not incorporating crib corner posts—see Fig. 9). Maintain this horizontal force for 30 s then reverse its direction and maintain it for an additional 30 s.
7.3.5.3
Repeat the procedures defined in 7.3.5.1 and 7.3.5.2 at the other end of the folding side. If the crib has more than one folding side, perform this test at each end of each folding side.
7.3.5.4
Upon completion of the test, release the folding side latches and lower the crib side. Then raise the side and observe whether the latches automatically engage in the manner intended by the manufacturer.

7.4 Mattress Support System Vertical Impact Test:

7.4.1 General—

This test consists of dropping a specified weight repeatedly onto a polyurethane foam pad covered in vinyl supported by the crib mattress support system. The test assists in evaluating the structural integrity of the crib assembly.
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7.4.2 Apparatus:

7.4.2.1
A guided free-fall impacting system machine (which keeps the upper surface of the impact mass parallel to the horizontal surface on which the crib is secured) (see Fig. 10).
Figure 10. Typical Test Frame An open frame is constructed in the shape of a rectangular box. On top of the frame in the middle are two tubes extending across to which the test frame is attached. The test frame extends above the box with two vertical tubes, on top of which is a horizontal tube. Connected to that is an air cylinder going down to the top of the box, and below that is the probe extending into the box. AIR CYLINDER FRAME FRAME FRAME FRAME FRAME

FIG. 10 Typical Test Frame

7.4.2.2
A 45-lb (20-kg) impact mass (see Fig. 11 and Fig. 12).
Figure 11. Profile of Impact Mass The impact mass is a cylinder 200 mm in diameter with a rounded end. The rounding on the end is an arc based on an imaginery circle has a radius of 260 mm. The labels say both diameter and diametre as well as radius and rayon and the dimensions are in mm, indicating that the diagram comes from a European source, but no attribution is listed. 260 mm (±2 mm)RADIUSRAYON 5 mm(±0.5 mm)RADIUSRAYON 200 mm (±2 mm)DIAMETERDIAMETRE

FIG. 11 Profile of Impact Mass

Figure 12. View of Impact Mass The photograph shows the 45-lb impact mass descending into the test frame.

FIG. 12 View of Impact Mass

7.4.2.3
A 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge.
7.4.2.4
A 2-in. (50-mm) square gauge/spacer block.
7.4.2.5
A test mattress with a 3-in. (7.6-cm) thick sheet of polyurethane foam having a density of 1.9 ± 0.4 lb/ft (30 ± 6 kg/m³), a 25 % indentation force deflection (IFD) of 32.4 ± 6.7 lb (144 ± 30 N) and dimensions that shall not be more than 1 in. (25 mm) shorter and 1 in. (25 mm) narrower than the respective interior dimensions of the product, covered with a tight-fitting 8- to 12-gauge vinyl material (tick). The suitability of the test mattress dimensions are to be determined by placing the mattress on the mattress support and pushing it fully over to one side. Measure the gap formed between the mattress and the crib side/end assemblies, which should not be greater than 1 in. (25 mm) in both the length and width.

7.4.3 Procedure:

7.4.3.1
Adjust the mattress support to its lowest position.
7.4.3.2
Put the test mattress in place. Do NOT use the mattress supplied with the crib. The same test mattress may be used for testing more than one crib if it meets the requirements of 7.4.2.5.
7.4.3.3
Secure the product to the horizontal test plane, remove the castors if supplied. Once the test has begun, no attempt shall be made at retightening fasteners which may have loosened because of vibration. The test shall proceed without any corrective intervention of adjusting the height difference between the drop weight and mattress, until its completion, unless extensive damage, dislodging or deformation occurs during the course of the test, in which case the test shall be terminated.
7.4.3.4
Position the geometric center of the test mattress below the geometric center of the impact mass.
7.4.3.5
Adjust the distance between the top surface of the mattress and bottom surface of the impact mass to 6 in. (150 mm) (using the 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge, per 7.4.2.3) when the impact mass is in its highest position. Lock the impactor mechanism at this height and do not adjust the height during impacting to compensate for any change in distance as a result of the mattress compressing or the mattress support deforming or moving during impacting.
7.4.3.6
Allow the 45-lb (20.0-kg) impact mass to fall freely 150 times at the rate of one impact every 4 s. Load retraction shall not begin until at least 2 s after the start of the drop.
7.4.3.7
Repeat the step described in 7.4.3.6 at each corner of the mattress support, with the center of the impact mass 6 in. (150 mm) from the two sides forming the corners of the crib. To position the mass for a standard rectangular-shaped crib, place a 2-in. (50-mm) spacer block against one of the sides of the corner to be tested and move the impact mass until it touches the spacer block (see Fig. 13). Repeat this process for the other side that makes up the corner to be tested (see Fig. 14).
Figure 13. Spacer Block This photograph shows a spacer block being held on one side of a the side rails of a play yard.

FIG. 13 Spacer Block

Figure 14. Spacer Block This photograph shows a spacer block being held on the other side of a the side rails of a play yard.

FIG. 14 Spacer Block

7.5 Mattress Support System Test:

7.5.1 General—

This test assists in evaluating the integrity of the attachment of the mattress support to the crib. A vertically upward force is applied to the mattress support to evaluate its attachment to the crib.

7.5.2 Apparatus for Mattress Support System Test:

7.5.2.1
Corner Block, see Fig. 15.
Figure 15. Typical Mattress Support Detail This diagram is a perspective view of a mattress support frame, showing two of the edges at a 90 degree angle (e.g., a corner of the frame). A wooden block is attached at a 45 degree angle to the bottom of the mattress support frame on one side of the frame 6 inches from a corner, extending to the other part of the frame, again 6 inches from the corner. In the center of the wood block, a 25 lbf force is applied upwards to the bottom of the wood block. 25 Lbf FORCE (111 N) MATTRESS SUPPORT FRAME WOOD CORNER BLOCK TO C L AREA OF APPLICATION FOR ALTERNATIVE 25 Lbf FORCE (110 N) MATTRESS SUPPORT FRAME (150mm) TO CENTER 6" TO CENTER (150 mm) 6" PERSPECTIVE VIEW 45°

FIG. 15 Typical Mattress Support Detail

7.5.3 Procedure for Mattress Support System Test:

11
7.5.3.1
Secure the crib to prevent upward motion during this test.
7.5.3.2
All procedures will be conducted with no mattress in the crib.
7.5.3.3
If the mattress support system utilizes a common support design at all points of attachment, testing is required in only one corner. If more than one support design is used, each point of attachment utilizing a different design must be tested.
7.5.3.4
Apply the force with the mattress support in each of the adjustment positions.
7.5.3.5
Apply the 25-lbf (111-N) force to the mattress support through a diagonally positioned test member such that the centerline of this test member contacts the underside of the mattress support at points 6 in. (150 mm) from the corner of the support (6 in. (150 mm) from the projected corner for a mattress support not having a square corner). (See Fig. 15.)
12
7.5.3.6
Apply the 25-lbf (111-N) force gradually within a period of 5 s and maintain it for an additional 10 s before releasing the force.

7.6 Crib Side Test:

7.6.1 General—

This test consists of repeatedly impacting a crib side/end bottom rail by a specified weight. After completing the cyclic testing, structural integrity is tested by applying a static pull to the side assembly followed by a torque test of each spindle or slat.

7.6.2 Apparatus for Crib Side Cyclic Test—

The apparatus for the cyclic test (see Fig. 16) includes the following:
Figure 16. Typical Side Assembly Test Fixture A pipe frame support is placed over the play yard, with a pneumatic cylinder extending down. A 30 lb weight is at the bottom of the device, and an impactor is fitted through the side rails. When the weight is released, it impacts the bottom rail of the assembly. PIPE FRAME SUPPORT PNEUMATICCYLINDER MECHANICALLINKAGE RELEASE HOOK IMPACTOR 30LB(13.6KG)

FIG. 16 Typical Side Assembly Test Fixture

7.6.2.1
A 30-lb (13.6-kg) weight.
13
7.6.2.2
A 0.375-in. (9-mm) thick 30 Type A durometer rubber pad large enough to cover the impact area.
7.6.2.3
Impactor with a width of 1 in. (25 mm) and sufficient length to extend across the full width of the bottom rail.

7.6.3 Apparatus for Crib Side Static Test—

A 100-lb (45.4kg) weight.

7.6.4 Crib Side Cyclic Tests:

7.6.4.1
The crib is to be assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions except that casters shall not be installed on the crib.
7.6.4.2
Secure the bottom ends of the crib to eliminate horizontal motion at the base.
7.6.4.3
Allow the 30-lb (13.6-kg) weight to free-fall 3 in. (76 mm) 250 times at a rate of 4 ± 1 s/cycle such that it impacts directly upon the 0.375-in. (9-mm) thick rubber pad located on the top surface of the bottom rail between two adjacent spindles or slats as near the center of the rail as possible.

7.6.5 Crib Side Static Test:

7.6.5.1
Upon completion of the cyclic test, apply a weight of 100 lb (45.4 kg) at the point of impact testing while the side is supported on the top rail at a point vertically in line with the point of weight application.
7.6.5.2
The contact area for the load and reaction support shall be the same as the impact area previously defined.
7.6.5.3
Apply the weight gradually within a period of 5 s and maintain it for an additional 30 s.

7.6.6 Crib Side Spindle/Slat Torque Test—

Apply a torque of 30 lbf-in. (3.4 N-m) at the midpoint in height of each spindle or slat.

7.7 Spindle/Slat Static Load Strength—

Testing, as defined in this section, shall be the last in the sequence of testing performed upon a crib.

7.7.1

The spindle/slat static force test shall be performed with the spindle/slat assemblies removed from the crib and rigidly supported within 3 in. of each end of at the upper and lower horizontal rails in a manner that shall not interfere with a spindle/slat deflecting under the applied force. For cribs incorporating folding or moveable sides for purposes of easier access to the occupant, storage, or transport, or a combination thereof, each side segment (portion of side separated by hinges for folding) shall be tested separately.

7.7.2

Gradually, over a period of not less than 2 s nor greater than 5 s, apply an 80-lb force (355.8 N) perpendicular to the plane of the side at the midpoint, between the top and bottom of the spindle/slat being tested. This force shall be applied through a force measuring device and contact area 1 ± 1/16 in. (25.4 ± 1.6 mm) wide by a length at least equal to the width of the spindle/slat being tested at the point of application. This force shall be maintained for 10 s. The force measuring device must be capable of recording the force at breakage, if breakage occurs during this test. This force measuring device must be capable of a maximum measurement resolution of 0.25 lbf (1.11 N).

7.7.3

Test, according to 7.7.2, 25 % (rounding up to the nearest percentage, if necessary) of all spindles/slats. Spindles/ slats that offer the least resistance to bending based upon their geometry shall be selected to be tested within this grouping of 25 % except that adjacent spindles/slats shall not be tested.

7.7.4

Upon completion of testing as defined in 7.7.2 and 7.7.3, no spindle/slat shall have failed at an applied force less than or equal to 60 lbf. If no more than one spindle/slat fails and that failure occurs only as the result of an applied force greater than 60 lbf, then an additional 25 % of spindles/slats shall be tested per 7.7.2 and 7.7.3. During testing of this second 25 %, any spindle/slat failure (at or below 80 lbf) shall constitute failure of the test.

7.7.5

End vertical rails that are joined between the slat assembly top and bottom rails are not considered slats and do not require testing to this procedure.

7.8 Component Spacing Test Method—

Construct a right triangular prism-shaped wedge from a rigid material (steel, wood, aluminum, or equivalent) as shown in Fig. 3. Place the wedge midway between two vertical components and midway between the top and bottom horizontal rails. Attach a suitable force gauge to the eyebolt and exert a 20-lb (9-kg) direct pull on the wedge. The test may be performed by suspending a 20-lb (9-kg) weight from the eyebolt with the crib component placed in a horizontal position.

7.9 Cutout Testing Method—

Cribs shall comply with the following test requirements:

7.9.1

Place the neck of the headform probe shown in Fig. 17 into any cutout (partially bounded opening) located along the upper edges of an end or side panel. The axis of the neck shall be horizontal and at right angles to the plane of the panel at the point of contact. The head portion of the probe shall be on the outer side of the panel. With the neck resting on the panel at any point within the cutout area (testing shall be conducted at all points that could result in a failure), and the front of the probe pointing downwards, draw the head of the probe towards the panel until surface “A” makes contact with the outer side of the panel (see Fig. 18).
Figure 17. Headform Probe This detailed diagram of a headform probe shows four views. For the rear view, letters identify different surfaces. The middle of the back of the head is D. The top of the head is labelled D as is the bottom middle. The left sides of the head are labelled C. The bottom left and right edges of the head are labelled B. The neck is labelled A. A second diagram is also the rear view, and there are a large number of measurements indicating dimensions. The head is 7.5 inches high and 4/58 wide at the top. There are is also a front view and a top view with measurements. The head is 5 11/16 wide from the top view. DIMENSIONS ARE SHOWN IN INCHES ANDWILL BE USED FOR COMPLIANCE PURPOSESMILLIMETERS, SHOWN IN PARENTHESIS, AREFOR CONVENIENCE ONLY. REAR VIEW—IDENTIFYING SURFACES 45°(Typ) 45°(Typ) ~9(~230) 2 27/32(72) 1 1/2 DIA(38) 2(Typ)(50) 7 1/4(184) 4 1/2(114) 1 13/16(Ref)(47) 5 11/16(145) 17/32 (Typ) (14) 4 5/8 (Ref)(117) (43)1 11/16 (Ref) 3 (Typ) (76) 7 1/2 (190) 2 1/2 (Typ) (64) 2 (Ref) (50) 1 15/16 (Typ) (49) "C" "C" "C" "C" "C" "C" "C" "C" "B" "B" "D" "D" "D" "A" ~ 9(~230) 1 7/8 (Ref) (48) 1 1/8 (Typ) (29) 4 1/2(114) 2(50) FRONT

FIG. 17 Headform Probe

Figure 18. Test Requirement for Cutouts This very poorly done diagram shows a headform probe. From the neck to the top of the head is the neck axis. The swing axis is a line 90 degrees perpendicular to the neck axis on the middle of the head form and the swing rotates around that axis. 90° 90° SWING AXIS NECK AXIS

FIG. 18 Headform Probe Neck and Swing Axes

7.9.2

Press down on the neck to cause the head to swing upwards through the cutout in the panel. The probe shall not be rotated about the major axis of the neck during this procedure. The arc through which the head is swung shall be in a vertical plane and terminate when the major axis of the neck attains an upright position or is prevented from attaining an upright position by an obstruction. During the test, contact shall be maintained between surface “A” (or at least one of edges “AB”), the neck of the headform probe and the panel. If, during the swing to the upright position, an edge or surface other than surface “D” is contacted, sideways motion of the headform shall not be restrained, but the arc through which the headform is swung shall remain vertical.

7.9.3

If a cutout is V-shaped (the side boundaries or the tangents to the side boundaries are nowhere parallel), an additional test shall be performed on the cutout. Upon completion of the swing to the upright position, rock the headform sideways parallel to the plane of the panel while maintaining contact between surface “A” or an edge “AB” and the panel. This will result in the probe sliding toward the bottom of the cutout. The maximum angle through which the headform is rocked shall be determined by contact with the panel by a 14 surface or edge other than “A” or “AB” or until one of the surfaces “B” is in a vertical plane.
15

7.9.4

During the test described in 7.9.2 and 7.9.3, no portion of the panel shall contact:
7.9.4.1
Simultaneously more than one of surfaces “B,” “C,” or edges “BC,” “CC,” or “CD,” in any combination if they are on opposing sides of the headform, and
7.9.4.2
Any of surfaces “D”.

NOTE 3 — Edges are identified by the letter designations for surfaces that lie on either side of the edge.

7.10 Entrapment in Accessories Test Method:

7.10.1

The following tests shall be performed when accessories are secured to the crib in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. If there is more than one accessory, or more than one location for an accessory to be secured, the product shall be tested with the accessory or combination of accessories in the position most likely to cause failure in the occupant retention area only.

7.10.2 Opening Test—

For all openings, rotate the small head probe (Fig. 5) to the orientation most likely to fail and gradually apply an upward or outward force (from the crib occupant area) of 25 lbf (111 N). Apply the force to the probe in the direction most likely to fail within a period of 5 s and maintain it for an additional 10 s. If the small head probe (Fig. 5) can pass entirely through the opening in any orientation, determine if the large head probe (Fig. 6) can be freely inserted through the opening.

7.10.3 Detachment Test—

Gradually apply an upward or outward force (from the crib occupant area) of 25 lbf (111 N) through a 2-in. (50-mm) diameter pad to any accessory portion most likely to cause the accessory to detach or expose an opening. Apply the force within a period of 5 s. Evaluate any exposed opening for free passage of the small head probe (Fig. 5).

7.10.4 Cord/Strap Length Test—

With the accessory installed on the crib per the manufacturer’s instructions, cords and straps on the accessory, whether fastened or unfastened, must not be capable of forming a loop in conjunction with the product that allows complete passage of the small head probe. Restraints straps shall be evaluated in all possible configurations, other than the manufacturer’s intended use position fastened on top of the product surface. In addition, restraint straps are to be evaluated as follows:
7.10.4.1 Evaluation on Underside of Accessory—
If any restraint component can be pushed or pulled with a force less than 25 lbf (111 N) through any opening that extends completely through the accessory , the restraint component shall be pushed or pulled through the accessory and evaluated in the 16 fastened and unfastened condition below the lowest surface on the underside of the accessory (see Fig. 19). Any loop(s) formed shall not allow complete passage of the small head probe.
Figure 19. Example of Cord on Underside of Accessory This photograph shows an accessory on top of a crib. A human is holding the restraint strap that is attached to the underside.

FIG. 19 Example of Cord on Underside of Accessory

7.10.4.2
When fastened per the manufacturer’s instructions, extended to their greatest length and draped over the side of the accessory (see Fig. 20), restraint straps shall not allow complete passage of the small head probe below the lowest surface on the underside of the accessory.
Figure 20. Entrapment in Restraint Straps The photograph shows the restraint strap draped over the edge. A human is attempting to insert the head probe through the straps.

FIG. 20 Entrapment in Restraint Straps

7.11 Openings—

Without the test mattress on the bed, insert the tapered end of the wedge block shown in Fig. 7 in the most adverse orientation, into any opening in the mattress support system and gradually apply a 25-lbf (111-N) force perpendicular to the plane of the opening within a period of 5 s. Maintain this force for 30 s.

7.12 Locking Mechanism Test—

With the product in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, gradually apply a force of 10 lbf (45 N) to the locking mechanism in the direction tending to unlock it. The locking mechanism shall not unlock until the force of 10 lbf (45 N) is exceeded.

7.13 Cord/Strap Length Test Method—

Using a ¾-in. (19mm) diameter clamping surface (Fig. 21), gradually apply a 5-lbf (22-N) force, then measure the cord length while the force is applied.
Figure 21. A ¾-in. (19-mm) Diameter Clamp This diagram indicates a pair of pliers with a 3/4 inch diameter plain steel washer affixed on the jaw tips. BRAZE 3/4 in. Dia. PLAIN STL WASHERTO JAW TIPS

FIG. 21. ¾-in. (19-mm) Diameter Clamp

7.14 Permanency of Labels and Warnings Testing:

7.14.1

A paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, it 17 tears into pieces upon removal, or such action damages the surface to which it is attached.

7.14.2

A non-paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed or such action damages the surface to which it is attached.

7.14.3

A warning label attached by a seam shall be considered permanent if it does not detach when subjected to a 15-lbf (67-N) pull force applied in any direction most likely to cause failure using a ¾-in. (19-mm) diameter clamp surface (see Fig. 21). Gradually apply the force over 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.

7.14.4 Adhesion Test for Warnings Applied Directly onto the Surface of the Product:

7.14.4.1
Apply the tape test defined in Test Method B – Cross-Cut Tape Test of Test Methods D3359 eliminating parallel cuts.
7.14.4.2
Perform this test once in each different location where warnings are applied.
7.14.4.3
The warning statements shall be considered permanent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attached after being subjected to this test.

7.14.5 Test for Attachment of Storage Pouch or Other Parts With Printed Warnings—

Using a clamp with a ¾-in. (19-mm) diameter clamping surface (see Fig. 21) to grasp the pouch or part, gradually apply a 15-lbf (65-N) force in a direction parallel to the plane of the surface of the pouch or part it is fastened to. Apply the force over a 5-s period and hold for an additional 10 s.

8. Marking and Labeling

8.1

All cribs and retail cartons there of shall be suitably marked and labeled in accordance with this section.

8.1.1

Markings on a crib shall be of a permanent nature such as paint-stenciled, die-stamped, molded or indelibly stamped directly thereon or permanently affixed, fastened, or attached thereto by means of a tag, token or other suitable medium. The markings shall not be readily removable or subject to obliteration during the normal use of the article or when the article is subjected to reasonably foreseeable damage or abuse.

8.1.2

All cribs and retail cartons thereof shall be clearly marked to indicate:
8.1.2.1
The name and place of business (city and state) of the manufacturer, importer, distributor, or seller, or a combination thereof; and
8.1.2.2
A model number, stock number, catalog number, item number, or other symbol expressed numerically, in code or otherwise, such that only articles of identical construction, composition, and dimensions shall bear identical markings.

8.1.3

The following warning shall appear on the retail carton and on inside of a side or end assembly or on the top surface of the mattress support in a type size of at least ¼ in.:

“CAUTION: Any mattress used in this crib shall be at least 27 ¼ by 51 ⅝ in. with a thickness not exceeding 6 in.”; or

“CAUTION: Any mattress used in this crib shall be at least 69 by 131 cm with a thickness not exceeding 15 cm.”

8.1.4

These markings shall appear in block letters, shall contrast sharply with the background (by color, projection, or indentation, or a combination thereof), and shall be clearly visible and legible. The dimensions of the mattress shall be taken from seam to seam or edge to edge where appropriate.

8.2

Warning statements shall be easy to read and understand. The warning statements shall be in contrasting color(s) and permanent. The text shall be in sans serif type. The safety alert symbol “⚠” and the word “WARNING” shall not be less than 0.2 in. (5 mm) high and the remainder of the text shall be in characters whose upper case shall be at least 0.1 in. (2.4 mm) high.

8.2.1

Crib designs shall only allow assembly of key structural elements in the manufacturer’s recommended use position or have permanent markings that indicate their proper orientation. The markings shall be conspicuous in any misassembled state.

8.3

The following warning shall be visible in its entirety when evaluated according to this section with the crib assembled according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the recommended maximum thickness mattress in place. For cribs with an adjustable height mattress support, the label shall be visible when evaluated with the mattress adjusted into both the highest and lowest adjustment positions.

8.3.1

The warning shall be visible in its entirety when one short side and one long side of the crib are positioned in a corner formed by two vertical walls. Using this corner, evaluate the crib with each short side placed against a wall as noted below:
8.3.1.1
Cribs with two identical long folding or stationary sides shall be evaluated with each long folding or stationary side against a wall.
8.3.1.2
Cribs with one folding side and one long stationary side shall be evaluated with the stationary side against a wall.
8.3.1.3
Cribs with two long stationary sides that are different designs, one of which is designed or intended to be placed against a wall (such as a higher long side or solid long side panel), shall be evaluated with the long stationary side designed or intended to be against a wall placed against a wall.

NOTE 4 — When evaluating the location of the warning for visibility in each orientation of the crib, locations on the inside of the long side that is not against the wall are not considered to be visible.

8.3.2

The warning shall state:

⚠ WARNING: Infants can suffocate on soft bedding.
Never add a pillow or comforter. Never place additional padding under an infant.

8.4

Additional warning statements shall address the following and must be visible in their entirety per 8.3, or product must have a visible warning per 8.3 giving the location of these warning statements as follows:

WARNING See (insert statement indicating to the user where to find the warning) for warnings.

The warning shall state: ⚠ WARNING: Failure to follow these warnings and the assembly instructions could result in serious injury or death.

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The word “WARNING” preceding the above statement is not required if this statement is positioned such that it is seen as a continuation of the warning statement defined in 8.3.1.

8.4.1

The warnings shall address the following including the hazard where identified. The warnings may be expressed in different words if those words convey clearly the same warning.
8.4.1.1
To reduce the risk of SIDS, pediatricians recommend healthy infants be placed on their backs to sleep, unless otherwise advised by your physician.
8.4.1.2 Strangulation Hazard:

* Strings can cause strangulation! Do not place items with a string around a child’s neck, such as hood strings or pacifier cords. Do not suspend strings over a crib or attach strings to toys.

* To help prevent strangulation tighten all fasteners. A child can trap parts of the body or clothing on loose fasteners.

* DO NOT place crib near window where cords from blinds or drapes may strangle a child.

8.4.1.3 Fall Hazard:

* When child is able to pull to a standing position, set mattress to lowest position and remove bumper pads, large toys and other objects that could serve as steps for climbing out.

* Stop using crib when child begins to climb out or reaches the height of 35 in. (89 cm).

* After raising side, make sure latches are secure (omit for stationary side cribs).

* DO NOT leave child in crib with side lowered. Be sure side is in raised and locked position whenever child is in crib (omit for stationary side cribs).

8.4.1.4
Check this product for damaged hardware, loose joints, loose bolts or other fasteners, missing parts, or sharp edges before and after assembly and frequently during use. Securely tighten loose bolts and other fasteners. DO NOT use crib if any parts are missing, damaged or broken. Contact (insert manufacturer’s name) for replacement parts and instructional literature if needed. DO NOT substitute parts.

8.5

Additional warning statements shall be permanently affixed to either an end assembly or mattress support and visible in their entirety when the crib mattress is removed. The warnings shall address the following:

8.5.1

Cribs equipped with teething rails shall include a statement addressing:

* Replace teething rail if damaged, cracked or loose. 8.5.2 If refinishing, use a non-toxic finish specified for children’s products.

8.5.3

Follow warnings on all products in a crib.

9. Instructional Literature

9.1

Instructions shall be provided with the crib and shall be easy to read and understand. These instructions shall include information on assembly, maintenance, cleaning, storage and use, an assembly drawing, a list and description of all parts and tools required for assembly, and a full-size diagram of the required bolts and other fasteners. A means shall be provided to keep the instructions with the crib.

9.2

Instructions shall contain warnings as per Section 8. In addition, instructions shall have warnings addressing:

* Read all instructions before assembling crib. Keep instructions for future use.

* Never use plastic shipping bags or other plastic film as mattress covers because they can cause suffocation.

* Infants can suffocate in gaps between crib sides and a mattress that is too small.

10. Keywords

10.1

crib corner post entanglement; crib structural integrity; crib warning labels and instructional material

APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. DESIGN GUIDELINES

X1.1 Crib Rail Design Guidelines—

Crib rails that use gluing as the principle means of attachment of slats or spindles to the upper and lower rails, should use an additional mechanical system of attachment. If a problem occurs in the gluing process, or the glue joint becomes compromised over time due to use or environmental factors, or both, this will reduce the likelihood of a hazardous condition resulting from loose slats or spindles. Minimum depth of insertion of all spindles/slats should be 0.50 in. (13 mm).

X1.2 Slat Lumber Properties Design Guidelines—

Slats shall be visually free of lumber defects such as large knots and obvious grain defects. It is recommended that slats with large knots covering more than 20 % of the width of the slat at any horizontal section line not be used if the slat has an overall width less that 1.5 in. (3.8 cm).

X1.3

The instructions are recommended to be written at a grade 6.0 level or lower on the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level scale.
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X2. RATIONALE

X2.1 Subsection 5.5—

Although joining methods, such as finger-joints, can result in a structurally sound component, there is also the possibility of a weak joint due to a manufacturing defect. As slats typically have small cross-sectional areas, the risk of a manufacturing defect leading to a structural failure is significant.

X2.2 Subsection 5.6.1—

This language would require a rigidly attached side assembly, similar to a stationary side, up to a dimension of at least 20 in. above the mattress support in its lowest position. However, this language would permit a folding gate or other movable side mechanisms to be used above this dimension to improve access to the occupant. Section 5 requires, in part, that no toehold exist less than 20 in. above the mattress support in its lowest position. This 6-in. downward dimension relative to the top rail is used rather than the 20 in. dimension from the mattress support upward to address concern raised by CPSC that a tall assembly above a toehold makes climbing out of the crib easier. By referencing the top of the top rail to establish the toehold, this concern is addressed.

X2.3 Subsection 5.6.2—

While previous standard requirements permitted a 9-in. dimension from the top of the mattress support in its highest position, to the top of the drop side, in its lowest position, that combination was never intended for leaving the infant unattended but rather for ease of access by the caregiver. With the elimination of the drop side, this relative dimension must be such that an infant of appropriate age, size and activity level may safely be left unattended with the mattress in its highest position, as that is certainly the intention. For a crib using a 6-in. thick mattress, the result of this requirement would be 9 in. of vertical rail height to retain the small infant.

X2.4 Subsection 7.7.1—

During the development of the spindle/slat testing procedure, consideration wasn’t given to testing crib sides that fold either for access to the occupant or for storage and transport. While the defined testing support requirements work adequately for a crib side with no moving segments, this method does not clearly define testing procedures for segmented sides.

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