The case grows out of proceedings which took place in the circuit court of the United States for the northern district of Illinois, in the suit of William R. Fosdick and James D. Fish, mortgagees in trust, against the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company and others, wherein this court, in Railroad Co. v. Fosdick, and Same v. Huidekoper, 106 U. S. 47, 1 Sup. Ct. Rep. 10, on the appeal of the railroad company, had under review decrees made by the circuit court in the cause. The suit was brought March 27, 1875, to foreclose a mortgage executed by the company on March 10, 1869, to Fosdick and Fish, as trustees, to secure $2,500,000 of bonds. The defendants in the bill were the railroad company and James W. Elwell, one of the two trustees, (the other being the said James D. Fish,) in a second mortgage executed by the company, December 16, 1872, to secure $1,000,000 of convertible bonds. Elwell, as such trustee, filed a cross-bill, May 17, 1875, setting up a default in the payment of interest on the bonds secured by the second mortgage, and praying for a foreclosure of it. A receiver was appointed May 20, 1875, and an amended bill was filed by Fosdick and Fish, September 14, 1875. Answers were filed by the company and by Elwell to the amended bill, and answers to the cross-bill of Elwell by the company and by Fosdick and Fish. The cause was referred to a master, whose report, made June 24, 1876, sustained the allegations of the original bill, and fixed the amount due under the mortgage to Fosdick and Fish, and also that due under the mortgage to Elwell. A decree of foreclosure and sale was entered on the 5th of December, 1876. The property was sold under that decree by a master, February 7, 1877, and was purchased by Huidekoper and others, a committee of the first mortgage bondholders, the purchase price being $1,450,000. The purchasers paid in cash $362,500, being one-fourth of their bid, and petitioned the court, on February 17, 1877, to be allowed to discharge the remainder of their bid by surrendering $2,315,000 of the first mortgage bonds held by them, and to be let into possession of the property. On the 23d of February, 1877, Elwell answered this petition, denying the right of the purchasers to a deed, on the ground that, as the statute of Illinois provided for a redemption at any time within 15 months after the sale, he ought to be allowed that time in which to redeem from the sale. The master made to the court a report of the sale, the court confirmed the report on the 12th of April, 1877, and on the 16th of April, 1877, the master reported that he had executed a deed to the purchasers. They conveyed the property, on the 28th of August, 1877, to the Chicago & Nashville Railroad Company, a corporation which had been organized on the 7th of February, 1877, and which, on the 28th of August, 1877, was consolidated with an Indiana corporation, by the name of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company. The decree of foreclosure made December 5, 1876, was reversed by this court, by its decision in 106 U. S., and the mandate thereon, dated May 17, 1882, was filed in the circuit court on the 25th of May, 1882. The grounds of the reversal were that it was not shown that default in the payment of interest on the bonds had been continued for six months prior to the filing of the bill, nor that the trustee received a written request from the holders of a majority of the bonds to commence proceedings for foreclosure, as provided by the terms of the first mortgage.

After the cause returned to the circuit court, and on the 7th of July, 1882, Fosdick and Fish filed an amended and supplemental bill, setting forth (1) that there had been default, continued more than six months after presentation and demand, in of the first mortgage bonds and interest first mortgage bonds; and (2) that a majority of the bondholders, being the holders of more than 92 per cent. of all the outstanding bonds, had in writing demanded that the trustees immediately declare the principal of the bonds duea nd payable, and obtain a final decree to appropriate the net proceeds of the sale of the property, as such sale was confirmed, to the payment of the first mortgage bonds and interest thereon. But immediate foreclosure for the full amount of principal and interest was prayed for. The Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company demurred to the amended and supplemental bill, and petitioned the court to appoint a receiver to take possession of the property out of the hands of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company. The Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company was made a party defendant to the suit. It answered the amended and supplemental bill, and on the 6th of December, 1882, filed its cross-bill against the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company, Fosdick and Fish, trustees, and Elwell, trustee. The material allegations of this cross-bill were as follows: The purchasers at the master's sale were bona fide purchasers at an open sale, which was attended with much competition, and the property brought a full and fair price. The sale was reported by the master, and was confirmed by the court, and neither, the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company nor Elwell had ever filed exceptions to the report or appealed from the decree of confirmation. Nearly all of the $362,500 paid by the purchasers at the master's sale had been paid out to creditors of the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company, under decrees of the court. A large part of that amount was contributed by the holders of Indiana division bonds, who were strangers to the record, and innocent purchasers for value. On September 1, 1877, the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company issued, negotiated, and put in general circulation $3,000,000 of 6 per cent. bonds, secured by a trust-deed on the property so purchased at the sale; and on December 1, 1877, issued $1,000,000 of income bonds. The Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company had also issued $3,000,000 of capital stock, and by consolidation with the Danville & Grape Creek Railroad Company had incurred an additional bonded debt of $750,000. By means of certain perpetual leases, the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company had acquired additional railroad; and had also built certain branches, and procured additional rolling stock. The appeal from the foreclosure decree of December 5, 1876, was not prayed until October 30, 1878, and was not perfected until January 29, 1879. During the five years which intervened between the purchase of the property by Huidekoper and others, on the 7th of February, 1877, and March 6, 1882, when the decree of foreclosure of December 5, 1876, was reversed by this court, the $4,000,000 of bonds and $3,000,000 of capital stock issued by the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, on the faith of its title to the property, had been largely dealt in on the stock exchanges of Boston and New York, and had so far changed ownership that on March 6, 1882, when the decree of foreclosure was reversed, nearly all the bonds and a majority of the stock were owned by strangers to the litigation, who had purchased in good faith for full value. The prayer of the cross-bill was that the title of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, and of its stockholders and bondholders, to the property be forever quieted, as against the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company, Fosdick and Fish, and Elwell; and that it be decreed that the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company had acquired a good title in fee-simple absolute as against each of the defendants. Answers were filed to the cross-bill by each of the defendants, and replications to such answers; and, on a reference, a inaster took a large amount of testimony on the issues joined, and filed the same, with his report, on the 6th of June, 1884.

On the 24th of June, 1884, the National City Bank of Ottawa, Ill., a corporation, filed a petition as the owner and holder of $14,000 of the convertible mortgage bonds of theC hicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company, secured by the mortgage to Fish and Elwell, praying to be made a party defendant to the suit, and to be allowed to file an answer in the suit, on the ground that Elwell was not properly protecting the rights of the bank in the premises. The case was heard on all the pleadings and proofs, before Judge BLODGETT, and on the 30th of June, 1884, a decree was entered finding the equities of the cause in favor of the original plaintiffs, as against all the defendants except the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, and also finding the equities of the cause in favor of the latter company by reason of the matters set forth in its cross-bill, as against all the defendants thereto. The decree also contained the following provisions: 'By virtue of the original deed of Henry W. Bishop, master in chancery, dated April 16, 1877, to Huidekoper, Shannon, and Dennison, and the confirmation thereof by this court, and by the subsequent conveyance by said Huidekoper, Shannon, and Dennison to the Chicago & Nashville Railroad Company, on August 28, 1877, and the subsequent consolidation between the Chicago & Nashville Railroad Company and the State Line & Covington Railroad Company, on August 28, 1877, as set forth in its cross-bill, the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company acquired a perfect and indefeasible title to all and singular the Illinois division of said Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad, as hereinbefore specifically described, and also as described in said master's deed of April 16, 1877, reference being thereto had, free and clear of all lien, claim, title, or equity of any kind whatever of said Will iam R. Fosdick, James D. Fish, James W. Elwell, R. Biddle Roberts, and the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company, or either of them, or any of the bondholders, stockholders, or creditors of said Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company, or any persons claiming by or under it or any of said trustees. * * * and it is further ordered that the petition of the National City Bank of Ottawa, Ill., filed herein on the 24th day of June, 1884, for leave to intervene herein as holders of certain second mortgage bonds of said Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company, be dismissed, at the cost of said petitioner; it appearing to the court that the trustees under said second mortgage are parties to this suit, and have appeared and answered herein, and that there is no proof showing that said trustees are not acting in good faith.'

On the 11th of October, 1884, the National City Bank of Ottawa prayed the circuit court for leave to prosecute an appeal in its own name to this court from the decree of June 30, 1884, the grounds of its prayer being the facts set forth in its intervening petition of June 24, 1884, and also the fact that such decree was entered by consent of all the parties to the record, including Elwell, notwithstanding the effect of the decree was to leave the bank wholly without remedy on its bonds, while other holders of like bonds were provided for by a secret agreement, with the knowledge and consent of Elwell, and against the protest of the bank, and that Elwell had refused to appeal from such decree. On the 3d of August, 1885, the court made an order authorizing the bank to appeal from the decree of June 30, 1884, in the name of James W. Elwell, trustee, on executing to him an indemnity against all costs and expenses which might be incurred. The appeal thus allowed was not perfected, but on the 28th of June, 1886, the court entered an order which recited the fact that the bank had requested Elwell, as trustee, to perfect an appeal to this court from the decree of June 30, 1884, and that he had refused to comply with such request; and ordering that the bank have leave to appeal from that decree to this court, in the name of Elwell, as trustee, on condition that it should give a bond to indemnify Elwell, and on the further condition that the bank, or some one in its behalf, should give the usuala ppeal-bond, in the sum of $1,000, both of said bonds to be filed on or before June 30, 1886. Those bonds were duly filed, and the transcript of the record was filed in this court on October 18, 1886, and an addition thereto, by stipulation between the parties, on January 14, 1890. The appeal-bond runs to Fosdick and Fish, trustees, 'for the use and benefit of themselves, and for the use and benefit of each and all parties affected or to be affected by the appeal in the condition hereunder written to this obligation.' The bond recites that the appeal is from the decree of June 30, 1884, made on the original and supplemental bills of Fosdick and Fish, the cross-bill of Elwell, the cross-bill of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, and another cross-bill. The Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company now moves to dismiss the appeal of Elwell, trustee, by the National City Bank of Ottawa, on the ground, among others, that Elwell, trustee, on the 16th of October, 1884, before the appeal was allowed, executed and delivered to the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company a written release of all errors had or committed in and concerning such decree, and especially releasing and waiving his right as such trustee to appeal from the decree; which release, on the 15th of November, 1884, was filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court. A duly-certified copy of such release is presented to this court as part of the moving papers. Its execution and authenticity are not denied on the part of the bank. It is entitled in the bill filed by Fosdick and Fish, and in the cross-bill brought by the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company. It contains this statement: 'Comes now James W. Elwell, trustee,' etc., 'one of the defendants in the above-entitled cause, and cross-cause, and says that of the one million convertible mortgage bonds referred to in said original bill, secured by trust deed, of which he is sole trustee, as therein charged, forty-five of said bonds, of one thousand dollars each, have not been issued by the company, and are now deposited with the clerk of said court. Fifty-eight of said bonds, representing fifty-eight thousand dollars, were issued in exchange for coupons, under the funding contract or scheme referred to in said original bill and decree. That all of said coupons have been paid out of the proceeds of sale of said railroad and property, as provided by said decree. And that the holders of six hundred and seventeen of the balance of said bonds, amounting to six hundred and seventeen thousand dollars, do not desire further litigation in said cause and cross-cause; and that the holders of the balance of said bonds have hitherto declined to contribute to the cost of this litigation, or to protect him as such trustee, against loss or the payment of costs or counsel fees. Now, therefore, the said James W. Elwell, trustee, as in said trust-deed provided, representing the bondholders in said deed mentioned, for himself as such trustee, releases all errors whatsoever had or committed in or concerning the decree entered in the aforesaid cause and cross-cause by said court on the thirtieth (30) day of June, A. D. 1884, and in and about the proceedings in said cause leading to said decree, and especially releases all his right, as such trustee, of appeal from said decree and proceedings, without intending, however, to prejudice the right of the holders of any of said convertible mortgage bonds to enforce the payment of their said bonds, or any part thereof.'

Chas. M. Osborn and Saml. A. Lynde, for appellant.

Will H. Lyford, for appellees.

[Argument of Counsel from pages 507-511 intentionally omitted]

BLATCHFORD, J.